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349,100 | 16,806,647 | 1,611 | Methods and compositions for inhibiting and/or interfering with interactions between (1) programmed Death-1 protein (also known as CD279) and (2) programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and/or programmed death-ligand 2 (PD-L2) are disclosed. In addition, methods and compositions for increasing IL-2 levels in a cell, and methods and compositions for preventing, treating, or ameliorating the effects of cancer in a subject, are disclosed. | 1-17. (canceled) 18. An expression cassette, comprising control sequences operably linked to a sequence which encodes a peptide comprising one of SEQ ID NO:1-SEQ ID NO:36, linked to a fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of an antibody. 19. The expression cassette according to claim 18, wherein said expression cassette encodes a peptide comprising SEQ ID NO: 2 linked to a fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of an antibody. 20. A recombinant viral vector comprising an expression cassette that expresses a peptide comprising one of SEQ ID NO:1-SEQ ID NO:36, linked to a fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of an antibody. 21. The recombinant viral vector according to claim 20 wherein said expression cassette expresses a peptide comprising SEQ ID NO: 2 linked to a fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of an antibody. 22. The recombinant viral vector according to claim 20 wherein said viral vector is an HSV-1 vector. 23. A method for producing a peptide in a subject, comprising introducing a vector according to claim 20 into said subject, such that said peptide is produced in said subject. 24. A method for inhibiting interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 in a cell by administering a recombinant viral vector according to claim 20 to the cell. 25. The method according to claim 24, wherein the recombinant viral vector is formulated to be administered to a mammal via local tissue injection, intravenous injection or intraperitoneal injection. 26. A method for treating cancer in a subject, comprising administering a recombinant viral vector according to claim 20 into a subject having a cancer, thereby treating said cancer. | Methods and compositions for inhibiting and/or interfering with interactions between (1) programmed Death-1 protein (also known as CD279) and (2) programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and/or programmed death-ligand 2 (PD-L2) are disclosed. In addition, methods and compositions for increasing IL-2 levels in a cell, and methods and compositions for preventing, treating, or ameliorating the effects of cancer in a subject, are disclosed.1-17. (canceled) 18. An expression cassette, comprising control sequences operably linked to a sequence which encodes a peptide comprising one of SEQ ID NO:1-SEQ ID NO:36, linked to a fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of an antibody. 19. The expression cassette according to claim 18, wherein said expression cassette encodes a peptide comprising SEQ ID NO: 2 linked to a fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of an antibody. 20. A recombinant viral vector comprising an expression cassette that expresses a peptide comprising one of SEQ ID NO:1-SEQ ID NO:36, linked to a fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of an antibody. 21. The recombinant viral vector according to claim 20 wherein said expression cassette expresses a peptide comprising SEQ ID NO: 2 linked to a fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of an antibody. 22. The recombinant viral vector according to claim 20 wherein said viral vector is an HSV-1 vector. 23. A method for producing a peptide in a subject, comprising introducing a vector according to claim 20 into said subject, such that said peptide is produced in said subject. 24. A method for inhibiting interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 in a cell by administering a recombinant viral vector according to claim 20 to the cell. 25. The method according to claim 24, wherein the recombinant viral vector is formulated to be administered to a mammal via local tissue injection, intravenous injection or intraperitoneal injection. 26. A method for treating cancer in a subject, comprising administering a recombinant viral vector according to claim 20 into a subject having a cancer, thereby treating said cancer. | 1,600 |
349,101 | 16,806,646 | 1,611 | Systems, methods, and software are disclosed herein to generate a customized view of a blockchain transaction. A blockchain of block entries requested by a plurality of users from user devices is maintained in a distributed network of nodes. The block entries each comprise a plurality of data portions that are each associated with an access level. A request to view one or more data portions of a block entry is received which includes an access code associated with at least one access level. The access code in the request is evaluated with the blockchain of block entries to identify one or more data portions associated with the access level. A customized view of the block entry is generated which includes the one or more data portions associated with the access level. | 1. A system comprising:
a blockchain network communicably coupled to one or more endpoints,
wherein the blockchain network includes a plurality of nodes that maintain a distributed ledger;
a communications component to receive a request to view at least a portion of one or more of the entries stored in the distributed ledger, an access control layer to evaluate the request received via the communications component and to identify segments within the one or more entries stored on the distributed ledger that are accessible; and an access platform or decentralized application to generate a customized view of the segments within the one or more entries maintained in the distributed ledger. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a codex configured to obfuscate identifying information of a user making the request to view at least a portion of the one or more entries. 3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a cryptocurrency wallet to allow users to track and submit cryptocurrency transactions using the blockchain network. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising an artificial intelligence engine to review entries within the distributed ledger and assign an access level needed to review each of the entries. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the artificial intelligence engine classifies data within each of the entries into one or more categories. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the access control layer then sets a different encryption level for each of the one or more categories of data classified by the artificial intelligence engine. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the one or more categories include e-mail addresses, classified information, account numbers, balances, parties of a transaction, mailing addresses, party affiliation, biometrics, driver's license numbers, photographs, or social security numbers. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the endpoints include terminals from auditors, financial institutions, gaming regulation committees, customers, election official, secretary of state, or company employees to generate the request to access at least the portion of one or more of the entries stored in the distributed ledger. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more endpoints include voting machines and the system further comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning engine to review voter data submitted by the voting machines to identify voters voting twice or illegal voters. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the request to view the at least a portion of one or more of the entries stored in the distributed ledger is part of an inventory tracking request, a financial auditing request, a gaming regulation request, a banking request, a voting request, a court proceeding, a healthcare request, a fire arm sale validation request, a retail sale request, a pharmaceutical sale request, a pension request, a financial transaction request, or an insurance request. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the segments within the one or more entries includes at least one of a private access level, a permissive access level, or a public access level. 12. A method for generating a customized view of blockchain transactions comprising:
receiving a request to view one or more data portions of a block entry maintained in a blockchain; evaluating the request to identify one or more data portions within the blockchain that are accessible by the request; and generating a customized view of the block entry including any of the one or more data portions determined to be accessible by the request. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein evaluating the request with the blockchain of block entries includes processing an encrypted code to validate access to view the one or more data portions. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising removing or obfuscating identifying information of a user making the request to view one or more data portions of the block entry. 15. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
receiving data from one or more endpoints; segmenting the data from the one or more endpoints using an artificial intelligence engine; and automatically assigning at least one access path to each segment of the data. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the data includes classified data and automatically assigning at least one access path to each segment of the data includes assigning a security clearance level to the classified data. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
monitoring a classification status of the classified data; and updating the at the at least one access path, upon determining a classification status of the data classified has changed. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein the one or more endpoints include voting machines, gaming machines, electronic financial exchanges, or security systems. 19. The method of claim 12, wherein the block entry includes transaction details about a private deal and is initially set to private and the method further comprises:
monitoring a status of the private deal; and updating the block entry, upon determining the private deal has become public, to public allowing public portions of the private deal to be viewed publicly. 20. The method of claim 12, wherein the request is part of an inventory tracking request, a financial auditing request, or a gaming regulation request. 21. The method of claim 12, wherein the one or more data portions of the block entry comprises at least one of a private access level, a permissive access level, and a public access level. 22. The method of claim 12, wherein the one or more data portions require a security clearance level to be accessed. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the block entry includes redaction mappings based on the security clearance level and wherein generating the customized view of the block entry includes applying the redaction mappings to obfuscate some of the one or more data portions of the block entry. 24. The method of claim 12, wherein the block entry includes multiple redaction mapping based on the user requesting access to the block entry. 25. A method for generating a customized view of blockchain data, the method comprising:
receiving a request from a user to view one or more data portions of a block entry maintained in a blockchain,
wherein the one or more data portions of the block entry include classified information; and
evaluating an access code in the request with the blockchain of block entries to identify one or more data portions; and generating a customized view of the block entry including any of the one or more data portions accessible by the user while applying redactions to any of the classified information not authorized to be viewed. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the block entry includes redaction mappings based on the security clearance level which are applied in generating the customized view. 27. The method of claim 25, further comprising reviewing, using an artificial intelligence system, entries within the distributed ledger to assign access to each of the entries. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the artificial intelligence system classifies data within each of the entries into one or more categories. | Systems, methods, and software are disclosed herein to generate a customized view of a blockchain transaction. A blockchain of block entries requested by a plurality of users from user devices is maintained in a distributed network of nodes. The block entries each comprise a plurality of data portions that are each associated with an access level. A request to view one or more data portions of a block entry is received which includes an access code associated with at least one access level. The access code in the request is evaluated with the blockchain of block entries to identify one or more data portions associated with the access level. A customized view of the block entry is generated which includes the one or more data portions associated with the access level.1. A system comprising:
a blockchain network communicably coupled to one or more endpoints,
wherein the blockchain network includes a plurality of nodes that maintain a distributed ledger;
a communications component to receive a request to view at least a portion of one or more of the entries stored in the distributed ledger, an access control layer to evaluate the request received via the communications component and to identify segments within the one or more entries stored on the distributed ledger that are accessible; and an access platform or decentralized application to generate a customized view of the segments within the one or more entries maintained in the distributed ledger. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a codex configured to obfuscate identifying information of a user making the request to view at least a portion of the one or more entries. 3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a cryptocurrency wallet to allow users to track and submit cryptocurrency transactions using the blockchain network. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising an artificial intelligence engine to review entries within the distributed ledger and assign an access level needed to review each of the entries. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the artificial intelligence engine classifies data within each of the entries into one or more categories. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the access control layer then sets a different encryption level for each of the one or more categories of data classified by the artificial intelligence engine. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the one or more categories include e-mail addresses, classified information, account numbers, balances, parties of a transaction, mailing addresses, party affiliation, biometrics, driver's license numbers, photographs, or social security numbers. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the endpoints include terminals from auditors, financial institutions, gaming regulation committees, customers, election official, secretary of state, or company employees to generate the request to access at least the portion of one or more of the entries stored in the distributed ledger. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more endpoints include voting machines and the system further comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning engine to review voter data submitted by the voting machines to identify voters voting twice or illegal voters. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the request to view the at least a portion of one or more of the entries stored in the distributed ledger is part of an inventory tracking request, a financial auditing request, a gaming regulation request, a banking request, a voting request, a court proceeding, a healthcare request, a fire arm sale validation request, a retail sale request, a pharmaceutical sale request, a pension request, a financial transaction request, or an insurance request. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the segments within the one or more entries includes at least one of a private access level, a permissive access level, or a public access level. 12. A method for generating a customized view of blockchain transactions comprising:
receiving a request to view one or more data portions of a block entry maintained in a blockchain; evaluating the request to identify one or more data portions within the blockchain that are accessible by the request; and generating a customized view of the block entry including any of the one or more data portions determined to be accessible by the request. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein evaluating the request with the blockchain of block entries includes processing an encrypted code to validate access to view the one or more data portions. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising removing or obfuscating identifying information of a user making the request to view one or more data portions of the block entry. 15. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
receiving data from one or more endpoints; segmenting the data from the one or more endpoints using an artificial intelligence engine; and automatically assigning at least one access path to each segment of the data. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the data includes classified data and automatically assigning at least one access path to each segment of the data includes assigning a security clearance level to the classified data. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
monitoring a classification status of the classified data; and updating the at the at least one access path, upon determining a classification status of the data classified has changed. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein the one or more endpoints include voting machines, gaming machines, electronic financial exchanges, or security systems. 19. The method of claim 12, wherein the block entry includes transaction details about a private deal and is initially set to private and the method further comprises:
monitoring a status of the private deal; and updating the block entry, upon determining the private deal has become public, to public allowing public portions of the private deal to be viewed publicly. 20. The method of claim 12, wherein the request is part of an inventory tracking request, a financial auditing request, or a gaming regulation request. 21. The method of claim 12, wherein the one or more data portions of the block entry comprises at least one of a private access level, a permissive access level, and a public access level. 22. The method of claim 12, wherein the one or more data portions require a security clearance level to be accessed. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the block entry includes redaction mappings based on the security clearance level and wherein generating the customized view of the block entry includes applying the redaction mappings to obfuscate some of the one or more data portions of the block entry. 24. The method of claim 12, wherein the block entry includes multiple redaction mapping based on the user requesting access to the block entry. 25. A method for generating a customized view of blockchain data, the method comprising:
receiving a request from a user to view one or more data portions of a block entry maintained in a blockchain,
wherein the one or more data portions of the block entry include classified information; and
evaluating an access code in the request with the blockchain of block entries to identify one or more data portions; and generating a customized view of the block entry including any of the one or more data portions accessible by the user while applying redactions to any of the classified information not authorized to be viewed. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the block entry includes redaction mappings based on the security clearance level which are applied in generating the customized view. 27. The method of claim 25, further comprising reviewing, using an artificial intelligence system, entries within the distributed ledger to assign access to each of the entries. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the artificial intelligence system classifies data within each of the entries into one or more categories. | 1,600 |
349,102 | 16,806,659 | 1,611 | This disclosure concerns the discovery of the use of fenoterol and (R,R)- and (R,S)-fenoterol analogues for the treatment of a tumor expressing a β2-adrenergic receptor, such as a primary brain tumor, including a glioblastoma or astrocytoma expressing a β2-adrenergic receptor. In one example, the method includes administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of fenoterol, a specific fenoterol analogue or a combination thereof to reduce one or more symptoms associated with the tumor, thereby treating the tumor in the subject. | 1. A method of treating lung cancer, comprising:
administering to a subject having lung cancer a therapeutically effective amount of a compound to reduce one or more symptoms associated with the lung cancer, wherein the compound is 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound is (R,R′)-(−)-4-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol, (R,S′)-(−)-4-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol, (S,R′)-(−)-4-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol, or a combination thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein administering the therapeutically effective amount of the compound to the subject inhibits growth of lung cancer cells. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein reducing one or more symptoms associated with the lung cancer comprises reducing tumor growth, reducing tumor volume, or both. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein cells of the lung cancer express a β2-adrenergic receptor. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering an additional chemotherapeutic agent prior to, concurrent or subsequent to administering the compound. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is a human. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein administering the compound comprises administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is an injectable fluid or oral dosage form. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the oral dosage form is a syrup, a solution, a suspension, a powder, a pill, a tablet, or a capsule. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the oral dosage form contains from about 1.0 to about 50 mg of the compound. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the oral dosage form is a tablet and administering the compound comprises administering one tablet to the subject two to four times a day. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the therapeutically effective amount of the compound is within a range from about 0.001 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg body weight administered orally in single or divided doses. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is an injectable fluid and is administered parenterally. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the therapeutically effective amount of the compound is from about 1 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg body weight. | This disclosure concerns the discovery of the use of fenoterol and (R,R)- and (R,S)-fenoterol analogues for the treatment of a tumor expressing a β2-adrenergic receptor, such as a primary brain tumor, including a glioblastoma or astrocytoma expressing a β2-adrenergic receptor. In one example, the method includes administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of fenoterol, a specific fenoterol analogue or a combination thereof to reduce one or more symptoms associated with the tumor, thereby treating the tumor in the subject.1. A method of treating lung cancer, comprising:
administering to a subject having lung cancer a therapeutically effective amount of a compound to reduce one or more symptoms associated with the lung cancer, wherein the compound is 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound is (R,R′)-(−)-4-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol, (R,S′)-(−)-4-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol, (S,R′)-(−)-4-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol, or a combination thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein administering the therapeutically effective amount of the compound to the subject inhibits growth of lung cancer cells. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein reducing one or more symptoms associated with the lung cancer comprises reducing tumor growth, reducing tumor volume, or both. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein cells of the lung cancer express a β2-adrenergic receptor. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering an additional chemotherapeutic agent prior to, concurrent or subsequent to administering the compound. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is a human. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein administering the compound comprises administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is an injectable fluid or oral dosage form. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the oral dosage form is a syrup, a solution, a suspension, a powder, a pill, a tablet, or a capsule. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the oral dosage form contains from about 1.0 to about 50 mg of the compound. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the oral dosage form is a tablet and administering the compound comprises administering one tablet to the subject two to four times a day. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the therapeutically effective amount of the compound is within a range from about 0.001 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg body weight administered orally in single or divided doses. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is an injectable fluid and is administered parenterally. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the therapeutically effective amount of the compound is from about 1 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg body weight. | 1,600 |
349,103 | 16,806,641 | 1,611 | The subject invention pertains to a modified lantibiotic containing an intact cysteine at the C-terminus, particularly, a cysteine that is not decarboxylated and that contains a free carboxyl group. Derivatives of the modified lantibiotic comprising a moiety conjugated to the carboxyl group of the terminal cysteine are also provided. A bacterium that produces a modified lantibiotic having an intact cysteine at the C-terminus are also provided, wherein the bacterium is genetically modified to inactivate a gene that encodes a decarboxylase enzyme that decarboxylates the cysteine at the C-terminus of a precursor lantibiotic. Methods of producing a modified lantibiotic having an intact cysteine at the C-terminus by culturing a bacterium that synthesizes the modified lantibiotic and purifying the lantibiotic are also provided. Mutants of lantibiotics, particularly, mutacin 1140 having higher anti-bacterial activity or higher bacterial expression compared to mutacin 1140 are also provided. | 1. A method of treating a bacterial infection in a subject by administering to the subject a mutant mutacin 1140 comprising SEQ ID NO: 24 or a pharmaceutical composition comprising said mutant mutacin and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, said mutant having an amino acid mutation at position 2 in which the lysine residue is substituted with an alanine, being post-translational modified and is decarboxylated C-terminal amino acid. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a pharmaceutical composition comprising said mutant is administered. 3. A bacterium that synthesizes a modified lantibiotic, wherein the bacterium is produced by a genetic modification to a wild-type or a parent bacterium that synthesizes a parent lantibiotic corresponding to the modified lantibiotic, wherein the modified lantibiotic has an intact cysteine at the C-terminus, and wherein the bacterium is genetically modified to inactivate a gene that encodes a decarboxylase enzyme that decarboxylates the cysteine at the C-terminus of a precursor lantibiotic. 4. The bacterium of claim 3, wherein the wild-type or the parent bacterium that synthesizes the parent lantibiotic corresponding to the modified lantibiotic is Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyces sp., Lactobacillus sakei, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus mutans, Lactococcus lactis, Actinoplanes liguriensis, Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus gallinarum, Streptococcus mutans or Ruminococcus gnavus. 5. The bacterium of claim 4, wherein the wild-type or the parent bacterium that synthesizes the parent lantibiotic corresponding to the modified lantibiotic is:
a) S. epidermidis and the gene that encodes the decarboxylase enzyme that decarboxylates the cysteine at the C-terminus of a precursor epidermin is EpiD, or b) Bacullus sp. and the gene that encodes the decarboxylase enzyme that decarboxylates the cysteine at the C-terminus of a precursor epidermin is MrsD. 6. The bacterium of claim 5, wherein the gene that encodes the decarboxylase enzyme is inactivated by deletion, frameshift mutation(s), point mutation(s), antisense RNA, the insertion of stop codon(s), or combinations thereof. 7. The bacterium of claim 3, said bacterium producing a modified lantibiotic, wherein the modified lantibiotic comprises SEQ ID NO: 24 (mutacin 1140) and has an amino acid mutation at position 2 or 13. 8. The bacterium of claim 7, wherein mutacin 1140 has an amino acid mutation at position 2 selected from alanine, glycine, valine, leucine or isoleucine. 9. The bacterium of claim 8, wherein mutacin 1140 is mutated to have an alanine at position 2. 10. The bacterium of claim 7, wherein mutacin 1140 has an amino acid mutation at position 13 selected from alanine, glycine, valine, leucine or isoleucine. 11. The bacterium of claim 10, wherein mutacin 1140 is mutated to have an alanine at position 13. 12. The bacterium of claim 3, wherein the modified lantibiotic is selected from mutacin 1140 comprising SEQ ID NO: 24 and mutacin B-Ny266 comprising SEQ ID NO: 23, said modified lantibiotic having a free carboxyl group at the C-terminus, wherein:
a) mutacin 1140 has mutations at:
i) one or more of Leu6 and Arg13 to an amino acid selected from alanine, glycine, valine, leucine or isoleucine,
ii) one or more of Leu6 and Arg13 to alanine, or
iii) Lys2 to an amino acid selected from alanine, glycine, valine, leucine or isoleucine, or
b) mutacin B-Ny266 has mutations at:
i) one or more of Phe6 and Lys13 to an amino acid selected from alanine, glycine, valine, leucine or isoleucine,
ii) one or more of Phe6 and Lys13 to alanine, or
iii) Lys2 to an amino acid selected from alanine, glycine, valine, leucine or isoleucine; or
c) mutacin 1140 or mutacin B-Ny266 is mutated at the following amino acid positions: 13. A method of producing a modified lantibiotic, wherein the modified lantibiotic has an intact cysteine at the C-terminus, the method comprises the steps of:
a) culturing a bacterium according to claim 3 under conditions permitting the production of a modified lantibiotic, and b) purifying the modified lantibiotic from the culture. | The subject invention pertains to a modified lantibiotic containing an intact cysteine at the C-terminus, particularly, a cysteine that is not decarboxylated and that contains a free carboxyl group. Derivatives of the modified lantibiotic comprising a moiety conjugated to the carboxyl group of the terminal cysteine are also provided. A bacterium that produces a modified lantibiotic having an intact cysteine at the C-terminus are also provided, wherein the bacterium is genetically modified to inactivate a gene that encodes a decarboxylase enzyme that decarboxylates the cysteine at the C-terminus of a precursor lantibiotic. Methods of producing a modified lantibiotic having an intact cysteine at the C-terminus by culturing a bacterium that synthesizes the modified lantibiotic and purifying the lantibiotic are also provided. Mutants of lantibiotics, particularly, mutacin 1140 having higher anti-bacterial activity or higher bacterial expression compared to mutacin 1140 are also provided.1. A method of treating a bacterial infection in a subject by administering to the subject a mutant mutacin 1140 comprising SEQ ID NO: 24 or a pharmaceutical composition comprising said mutant mutacin and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, said mutant having an amino acid mutation at position 2 in which the lysine residue is substituted with an alanine, being post-translational modified and is decarboxylated C-terminal amino acid. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a pharmaceutical composition comprising said mutant is administered. 3. A bacterium that synthesizes a modified lantibiotic, wherein the bacterium is produced by a genetic modification to a wild-type or a parent bacterium that synthesizes a parent lantibiotic corresponding to the modified lantibiotic, wherein the modified lantibiotic has an intact cysteine at the C-terminus, and wherein the bacterium is genetically modified to inactivate a gene that encodes a decarboxylase enzyme that decarboxylates the cysteine at the C-terminus of a precursor lantibiotic. 4. The bacterium of claim 3, wherein the wild-type or the parent bacterium that synthesizes the parent lantibiotic corresponding to the modified lantibiotic is Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyces sp., Lactobacillus sakei, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus mutans, Lactococcus lactis, Actinoplanes liguriensis, Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus gallinarum, Streptococcus mutans or Ruminococcus gnavus. 5. The bacterium of claim 4, wherein the wild-type or the parent bacterium that synthesizes the parent lantibiotic corresponding to the modified lantibiotic is:
a) S. epidermidis and the gene that encodes the decarboxylase enzyme that decarboxylates the cysteine at the C-terminus of a precursor epidermin is EpiD, or b) Bacullus sp. and the gene that encodes the decarboxylase enzyme that decarboxylates the cysteine at the C-terminus of a precursor epidermin is MrsD. 6. The bacterium of claim 5, wherein the gene that encodes the decarboxylase enzyme is inactivated by deletion, frameshift mutation(s), point mutation(s), antisense RNA, the insertion of stop codon(s), or combinations thereof. 7. The bacterium of claim 3, said bacterium producing a modified lantibiotic, wherein the modified lantibiotic comprises SEQ ID NO: 24 (mutacin 1140) and has an amino acid mutation at position 2 or 13. 8. The bacterium of claim 7, wherein mutacin 1140 has an amino acid mutation at position 2 selected from alanine, glycine, valine, leucine or isoleucine. 9. The bacterium of claim 8, wherein mutacin 1140 is mutated to have an alanine at position 2. 10. The bacterium of claim 7, wherein mutacin 1140 has an amino acid mutation at position 13 selected from alanine, glycine, valine, leucine or isoleucine. 11. The bacterium of claim 10, wherein mutacin 1140 is mutated to have an alanine at position 13. 12. The bacterium of claim 3, wherein the modified lantibiotic is selected from mutacin 1140 comprising SEQ ID NO: 24 and mutacin B-Ny266 comprising SEQ ID NO: 23, said modified lantibiotic having a free carboxyl group at the C-terminus, wherein:
a) mutacin 1140 has mutations at:
i) one or more of Leu6 and Arg13 to an amino acid selected from alanine, glycine, valine, leucine or isoleucine,
ii) one or more of Leu6 and Arg13 to alanine, or
iii) Lys2 to an amino acid selected from alanine, glycine, valine, leucine or isoleucine, or
b) mutacin B-Ny266 has mutations at:
i) one or more of Phe6 and Lys13 to an amino acid selected from alanine, glycine, valine, leucine or isoleucine,
ii) one or more of Phe6 and Lys13 to alanine, or
iii) Lys2 to an amino acid selected from alanine, glycine, valine, leucine or isoleucine; or
c) mutacin 1140 or mutacin B-Ny266 is mutated at the following amino acid positions: 13. A method of producing a modified lantibiotic, wherein the modified lantibiotic has an intact cysteine at the C-terminus, the method comprises the steps of:
a) culturing a bacterium according to claim 3 under conditions permitting the production of a modified lantibiotic, and b) purifying the modified lantibiotic from the culture. | 1,600 |
349,104 | 16,806,675 | 2,853 | An apparatus configured to discharge liquid includes a plurality of liquid discharge modules arranged at different inclinations in the apparatus. Each of the plurality of liquid discharge modules includes a liquid discharge head, a containing member, and a holding member. The liquid discharge head is configured to discharge liquid. The containing member is configured to contain liquid to be supplied to the liquid discharge head. The holding member is configured to hold the containing member. The holding member of each of the plurality of liquid discharge modules includes a first adjuster configured to adjust a position of the containing member relative to the liquid discharge head in a vertical direction in the apparatus. | 1. An apparatus configured to discharge liquid comprising:
a plurality of liquid discharge modules arranged at different inclinations in the apparatus, wherein each of the plurality of liquid discharge modules comprises:
a liquid discharge head configured to discharge liquid;
a containing member configured to contain liquid to be supplied to the liquid discharge head; and
a holding member configured to hold the containing member, and
the holding member of each of the plurality of liquid discharge modules includes a first adjuster configured to adjust a position of the containing member relative to the liquid discharge head in a vertical direction in the apparatus. 2. The apparatus configured to discharge liquid according to claim 1, wherein
the holding member includes a first holding member extending in a direction away from a conveying surface along which a discharge target to which the liquid is to be discharged is to be conveyed, and the first adjuster is configured to adjust a holding position of the containing member relative to the first holding member in the direction away from the conveying surface. 3. The apparatus configured to discharge liquid according to claim 1, wherein the holding member includes a second adjuster configured to adjust a position of the containing member in a rotation direction. 4. The apparatus configured to discharge liquid according to claim 3, wherein
the holding member includes:
a first holding member extending in a direction away from a conveying surface along which a discharge target to which the liquid is to be discharged is to be conveyed, and
a second holding member configured to hold the containing member and be held by the first holding member. 5. The apparatus configured to discharge liquid according to claim 4, wherein
the first adjuster is configured to adjust a position of the second holding member relative to the first holding member in the direction away from the conveying surface, and the second adjuster is configured to adjust a position of the containing member relative to the second holding member in the rotation direction about an axis perpendicular to a conveying direction of the discharge target and a liquid discharge direction. 6. The apparatus configured to discharge liquid according to claim 4, wherein
the first holding member includes a plurality of first mounting parts arranged in the direction away from the conveying surface, and the second holding member is configured to be mounted on any of the plurality of first mounting parts. 7. The apparatus configured to discharge liquid according to claim 4, wherein
the second holding member includes a plurality of second mounting parts arranged in a circumferential direction about an axis perpendicular to a conveying direction of the discharge target and a liquid discharge direction, and the containing member is mounted on any of the plurality of second mounting parts. 8. The apparatus configured to discharge liquid according to claim 1, wherein the containing member is detachably attached to the holding member. 9. The apparatus configured to discharge liquid according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of liquid discharge modules are arranged along a conveying surface along which a discharge target to which the liquid is to be discharged is to be conveyed, at the inclinations in accordance with a curved surface of the conveying surface. 10. The apparatus configured to discharge liquid according to claim 1, wherein
the containing member includes a flexible film at a side surface of the containing member, the liquid discharge head includes a nozzle array arranged in a predetermined direction, and the side surface faces in the predetermined direction. 11. The apparatus configured to discharge liquid according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of liquid discharge modules includes a liquid supply path configured to supply liquid from the containing member to the liquid discharge head. 12. The apparatus configured to discharge liquid according to claim 1, wherein the inclinations of the plurality of liquid discharge modules in the apparatus are different between different colors of liquid to be discharged from the liquid discharge head. 13. The apparatus configured to discharge liquid according to claim 1, wherein the holding member of each of the plurality of liquid discharge modules is configured to hold the containing member such that a position of the containing member relative to the liquid discharge head in the vertical direction in the apparatus is equivalent among the plurality of liquid discharge modules. 14. An apparatus configured to discharge liquid comprising:
a plurality of liquid discharge modules arranged at different inclinations in the apparatus, wherein each of the plurality of liquid discharge modules includes:
a liquid discharge head configured to discharge liquid;
a containing member configured to contain liquid to be supplied to the liquid discharge head; and
a holding member configured to hold the containing member, and
the holding member of each of the plurality of liquid discharge modules is configured to hold the containing member such that a position of the containing member relative to the liquid discharge head in a vertical direction in the apparatus is equivalent among the plurality of liquid discharge modules. 15. An apparatus configured to discharge liquid comprising:
a plurality of liquid discharge modules arranged at different inclinations in the apparatus, wherein each of the plurality of liquid discharge modules includes:
a liquid discharge head configure to discharge liquid;
a containing member configured to contain liquid to be supplied to the liquid discharge head; and
a holding member configured to hold the containing member, and
the holding member of each of the plurality of liquid discharge modules is configured to hold the containing member such that a distance between a discharge surface of the liquid discharge head and the containing member in a direction of a perpendicular line of the discharge surface is larger as an angle between the perpendicular line and a horizontal plane on which the apparatus is set is smaller. | An apparatus configured to discharge liquid includes a plurality of liquid discharge modules arranged at different inclinations in the apparatus. Each of the plurality of liquid discharge modules includes a liquid discharge head, a containing member, and a holding member. The liquid discharge head is configured to discharge liquid. The containing member is configured to contain liquid to be supplied to the liquid discharge head. The holding member is configured to hold the containing member. The holding member of each of the plurality of liquid discharge modules includes a first adjuster configured to adjust a position of the containing member relative to the liquid discharge head in a vertical direction in the apparatus.1. An apparatus configured to discharge liquid comprising:
a plurality of liquid discharge modules arranged at different inclinations in the apparatus, wherein each of the plurality of liquid discharge modules comprises:
a liquid discharge head configured to discharge liquid;
a containing member configured to contain liquid to be supplied to the liquid discharge head; and
a holding member configured to hold the containing member, and
the holding member of each of the plurality of liquid discharge modules includes a first adjuster configured to adjust a position of the containing member relative to the liquid discharge head in a vertical direction in the apparatus. 2. The apparatus configured to discharge liquid according to claim 1, wherein
the holding member includes a first holding member extending in a direction away from a conveying surface along which a discharge target to which the liquid is to be discharged is to be conveyed, and the first adjuster is configured to adjust a holding position of the containing member relative to the first holding member in the direction away from the conveying surface. 3. The apparatus configured to discharge liquid according to claim 1, wherein the holding member includes a second adjuster configured to adjust a position of the containing member in a rotation direction. 4. The apparatus configured to discharge liquid according to claim 3, wherein
the holding member includes:
a first holding member extending in a direction away from a conveying surface along which a discharge target to which the liquid is to be discharged is to be conveyed, and
a second holding member configured to hold the containing member and be held by the first holding member. 5. The apparatus configured to discharge liquid according to claim 4, wherein
the first adjuster is configured to adjust a position of the second holding member relative to the first holding member in the direction away from the conveying surface, and the second adjuster is configured to adjust a position of the containing member relative to the second holding member in the rotation direction about an axis perpendicular to a conveying direction of the discharge target and a liquid discharge direction. 6. The apparatus configured to discharge liquid according to claim 4, wherein
the first holding member includes a plurality of first mounting parts arranged in the direction away from the conveying surface, and the second holding member is configured to be mounted on any of the plurality of first mounting parts. 7. The apparatus configured to discharge liquid according to claim 4, wherein
the second holding member includes a plurality of second mounting parts arranged in a circumferential direction about an axis perpendicular to a conveying direction of the discharge target and a liquid discharge direction, and the containing member is mounted on any of the plurality of second mounting parts. 8. The apparatus configured to discharge liquid according to claim 1, wherein the containing member is detachably attached to the holding member. 9. The apparatus configured to discharge liquid according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of liquid discharge modules are arranged along a conveying surface along which a discharge target to which the liquid is to be discharged is to be conveyed, at the inclinations in accordance with a curved surface of the conveying surface. 10. The apparatus configured to discharge liquid according to claim 1, wherein
the containing member includes a flexible film at a side surface of the containing member, the liquid discharge head includes a nozzle array arranged in a predetermined direction, and the side surface faces in the predetermined direction. 11. The apparatus configured to discharge liquid according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of liquid discharge modules includes a liquid supply path configured to supply liquid from the containing member to the liquid discharge head. 12. The apparatus configured to discharge liquid according to claim 1, wherein the inclinations of the plurality of liquid discharge modules in the apparatus are different between different colors of liquid to be discharged from the liquid discharge head. 13. The apparatus configured to discharge liquid according to claim 1, wherein the holding member of each of the plurality of liquid discharge modules is configured to hold the containing member such that a position of the containing member relative to the liquid discharge head in the vertical direction in the apparatus is equivalent among the plurality of liquid discharge modules. 14. An apparatus configured to discharge liquid comprising:
a plurality of liquid discharge modules arranged at different inclinations in the apparatus, wherein each of the plurality of liquid discharge modules includes:
a liquid discharge head configured to discharge liquid;
a containing member configured to contain liquid to be supplied to the liquid discharge head; and
a holding member configured to hold the containing member, and
the holding member of each of the plurality of liquid discharge modules is configured to hold the containing member such that a position of the containing member relative to the liquid discharge head in a vertical direction in the apparatus is equivalent among the plurality of liquid discharge modules. 15. An apparatus configured to discharge liquid comprising:
a plurality of liquid discharge modules arranged at different inclinations in the apparatus, wherein each of the plurality of liquid discharge modules includes:
a liquid discharge head configure to discharge liquid;
a containing member configured to contain liquid to be supplied to the liquid discharge head; and
a holding member configured to hold the containing member, and
the holding member of each of the plurality of liquid discharge modules is configured to hold the containing member such that a distance between a discharge surface of the liquid discharge head and the containing member in a direction of a perpendicular line of the discharge surface is larger as an angle between the perpendicular line and a horizontal plane on which the apparatus is set is smaller. | 2,800 |
349,105 | 16,806,676 | 2,853 | A system performs a method including: generating a posture of a first microservice in a microservice based network environment; implementing the posture of the first microservice at a sidecar of the first micro service; distributing the posture of the first microservice to a sidecar of a second microservice in the microservice based network environment; implementing the posture of the first microservice at the sidecar of the second micro service; and controlling communication of personally identifiable information between the first microservice and the second microservice based on the posture of the first microservice through either or both the sidecar of the first microservice and the sidecar of the second micro service. The posture of the first microservice includes an identification of one or more types of personally identifiable information that the first microservice is authorized to distribute and one or more types of personally identifiable information that the first microservice is authorized to receive. | 1. A method comprising:
generating a posture of a first microservice in a microservice based network environment, wherein the posture of the first microservice includes an identification of one or more types of personally identifiable information that the first microservice is authorized to distribute and one or more types of personally identifiable information that the first microservice is authorized to receive; implementing the posture of the first microservice at a sidecar of the first micro service; distributing the posture of the first microservice to a sidecar of a second microservice in the microservice based network environment; implementing the posture of the first microservice at the sidecar of the second micro service; and controlling communication of personally identifiable information between the first microservice and the second microservice based on the posture of the first microservice through either or both the sidecar of the first microservice and the sidecar of the second micro service. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the personally identifiable information includes personally identifiable information originating at the first microservice. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
verifying at the sidecar of the first micro service whether the first micro service can send the personally identifiable information to the second micro service based on the posture of the first micro service; and performing, at the sidecar of the first micro service, one or more actions after the personally identifiable information is transmitted from the first micro service based on whether it is verified that the first micro service can send the personally identifiable information to the second micro service. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
verifying at the sidecar of the second micro service whether the first micro service can send the personally identifiable information to the second micro service based on the posture of the first micro service; and performing, at the sidecar of the second micro service, one or more actions either or both before and after the personally identifiable information is received at the second micro service based on whether it is verified that the first micro service can send the personally identifiable information to the second microservice. 5. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
verifying at the sidecar of the second micro service whether the second micro service can receive the personally identifiable information from the first micro service based on a posture of the second micro service, wherein the posture of the second micro service includes an identification of one or more types of personally identifiable information that the second micro service is authorized to distribute and one or more types of personally identifiable information that the second microservice is authorized to receive; and performing, at the sidecar of the second micro service, one or more actions either or both before and after the personally identifiable information is received at the second micro service based on whether it is verified that the second micro service can receive the personally identifiable information from the first microservice. 6. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
generating a posture of the second micro service, wherein the posture of the second micro service includes an identification of one or more types of personally identifiable information that the second microservice is authorized to distribute and one or more types of personally identifiable information that the second micro service is authorized to receive; implementing the posture of the second micro service at the sidecar of the second micro service; distributing the posture of the second micro service to the sidecar of the first micro service in the microservice based network environment; verifying at the first micro service that the second micro service can receive the personally identifiable information from the first micro service based on the posture of the second micro service; and performing, at the sidecar of the first micro service, one or more actions after the personally identifiable information is transmitted from the first microservice based on whether it is verified that the second microservice can receive the personally identifiable information from the second microservice. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more types of personally identifiable information that the first microservice is authorized to receive is based, at least in part, on one or more types of personally identifiable information that the second microservice is authorized to distribute. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
distributing the posture of the first microservice to corresponding sidecars of a plurality of micro services in the microservice based network environment; implementing the posture of the first microservice at the corresponding sidecars of the plurality of micro services; and controlling communication of one or more different types of personally identifiable information between the first microservice and the plurality of micro services based on the posture of the first microservice through either or both the sidecar of the first microservice and at least one of the corresponding sidecars of the plurality of micro services. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first microservice and at least one of the plurality of micro services in the microservice based network environment form at least part of an application implemented, at least in part, in the microservice based network environment. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein either or both the first microservice and the second microservice are sidecar-agnostic with respect to at least the controlling of communication of the personally identifiable information through either or both the sidecar of the first microservice and the sidecar of the second microservice based on the posture of the first micro service. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
embedding the posture of the first microservice into an identity certificate; and transmitting the identity certificate with the embedded posture of the first microservice to the sidecar of the second microservice as part of establishing a connection between the first microservice and the second microservice in the microservice based network environment. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
verifying, at the sidecar of the second microservice that the posture of the first microservice is valid; and controlling communication of the personally identifiable information based on the posture of the first microservice through the sidecar of the second microservice based on whether the posture of the first microservice is verified as valid. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the posture of the first microservice is part of a plurality of different postures of the first micro service, the method further comprising selectively applying one or more of the plurality of different postures of the first microservice based on characteristics of either or both the first microservice and the second microservice to control communication of the personally identifiable information between the first microservice and the second micro service. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing one or more actions at either or both the sidecar of the first microservice and the sidecar of the second microservice to control communication of the personally identifiable information between the first microservice and the second microservice based on the posture of the first micro service. 15. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and at least one computer-readable storage medium having stored therein instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
generating a posture of a first microservice in a microservice based network environment, wherein the posture of the first microservice includes an identification of one or more types of personally identifiable information that the first microservice is authorized to distribute;
implementing the posture of the first microservice at a sidecar of the first micro service;
distributing the posture of the first microservice to a sidecar of a second microservice in the microservice based network environment;
implementing the posture of the first microservice at the sidecar of the second micro service; and
controlling communication of personally identifiable information between the first microservice and the second microservice based on the posture of the first microservice through either or both the sidecar of the first microservice and the sidecar of the second micro service. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the personally identifiable information includes personally identifiable information originating at the first microservice and the instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
verifying at the sidecar of the first micro service whether the first micro service can send the personally identifiable information to the second micro service based on the posture of the first micro service; and performing, at the sidecar of the first micro service, one or more actions after the personally identifiable information is transmitted from the first micro service based on whether it is verified that the first micro service can send the personally identifiable information to the second micro service. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the personally identifiable information includes personally identifiable information originating at the first micro service and the instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
verifying at the sidecar of the second micro service whether the first micro service can send the personally identifiable information to the second micro service based on the posture of the first micro service; and performing, at the sidecar of the second micro service, one or more actions either or both before and after the personally identifiable information is received at the second micro service based on whether it is verified that the first micro service can send the personally identifiable information to the second microservice. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the personally identifiable information includes personally identifiable information originating at the first microservice and the instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
verifying at the sidecar of the second microservice whether the second microservice can receive the personally identifiable information from the first microservice based on a posture of the second micro service, wherein the posture of the second microservice includes an identification of one or more types of personally identifiable information that the second microservice is authorized to distribute and one or more types of personally identifiable information that the second microservice is authorized to receive; and performing, at the sidecar of the second micro service, one or more actions either or both before and after the personally identifiable information is received at the second microservice based on whether it is verified that the second microservice can receive the personally identifiable information from the first microservice. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the personally identifiable information includes personally identifiable information originating at the first microservice and the instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
generating a posture of the second micro service, wherein the posture of the second microservice includes an identification of one or more types of personally identifiable information that the second microservice is authorized to distribute and one or more types of personally identifiable information that the second microservice is authorized to receive; implementing the posture of the second microservice at the sidecar of the second micro service; distributing the posture of the second microservice to the sidecar of the first microservice in the microservice based network environment; verifying at the first microservice that the second microservice can receive the personally identifiable information from the first microservice based on the posture of the second micro service; and performing, at the sidecar of the first micro service, one or more actions after the personally identifiable information is transmitted from the first microservice based on whether it is verified that the second microservice can receive the personally identifiable information from the second microservice. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored therein instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
generating a posture of a first microservice in a microservice based network environment, wherein the posture of the first microservice includes an identification of one or more types of personally identifiable information that the first microservice is authorized to distribute and one or more types of personally identifiable information that the first micro service is authorized to receive; implementing the posture of the first micro service at a sidecar of the first micro service; distributing the posture of the first micro service to corresponding sidecars of a plurality of micro services in the micro service based network environment; implementing the posture of the first micro service at the corresponding sidecars of the plurality of micro services; and controlling communication of personally identifiable information between the first micro service and the plurality of micro services based on the posture of the first micro service through either or both the sidecar of the first micro service and the corresponding sidecars of the plurality of micro services. | A system performs a method including: generating a posture of a first microservice in a microservice based network environment; implementing the posture of the first microservice at a sidecar of the first micro service; distributing the posture of the first microservice to a sidecar of a second microservice in the microservice based network environment; implementing the posture of the first microservice at the sidecar of the second micro service; and controlling communication of personally identifiable information between the first microservice and the second microservice based on the posture of the first microservice through either or both the sidecar of the first microservice and the sidecar of the second micro service. The posture of the first microservice includes an identification of one or more types of personally identifiable information that the first microservice is authorized to distribute and one or more types of personally identifiable information that the first microservice is authorized to receive.1. A method comprising:
generating a posture of a first microservice in a microservice based network environment, wherein the posture of the first microservice includes an identification of one or more types of personally identifiable information that the first microservice is authorized to distribute and one or more types of personally identifiable information that the first microservice is authorized to receive; implementing the posture of the first microservice at a sidecar of the first micro service; distributing the posture of the first microservice to a sidecar of a second microservice in the microservice based network environment; implementing the posture of the first microservice at the sidecar of the second micro service; and controlling communication of personally identifiable information between the first microservice and the second microservice based on the posture of the first microservice through either or both the sidecar of the first microservice and the sidecar of the second micro service. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the personally identifiable information includes personally identifiable information originating at the first microservice. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
verifying at the sidecar of the first micro service whether the first micro service can send the personally identifiable information to the second micro service based on the posture of the first micro service; and performing, at the sidecar of the first micro service, one or more actions after the personally identifiable information is transmitted from the first micro service based on whether it is verified that the first micro service can send the personally identifiable information to the second micro service. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
verifying at the sidecar of the second micro service whether the first micro service can send the personally identifiable information to the second micro service based on the posture of the first micro service; and performing, at the sidecar of the second micro service, one or more actions either or both before and after the personally identifiable information is received at the second micro service based on whether it is verified that the first micro service can send the personally identifiable information to the second microservice. 5. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
verifying at the sidecar of the second micro service whether the second micro service can receive the personally identifiable information from the first micro service based on a posture of the second micro service, wherein the posture of the second micro service includes an identification of one or more types of personally identifiable information that the second micro service is authorized to distribute and one or more types of personally identifiable information that the second microservice is authorized to receive; and performing, at the sidecar of the second micro service, one or more actions either or both before and after the personally identifiable information is received at the second micro service based on whether it is verified that the second micro service can receive the personally identifiable information from the first microservice. 6. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
generating a posture of the second micro service, wherein the posture of the second micro service includes an identification of one or more types of personally identifiable information that the second microservice is authorized to distribute and one or more types of personally identifiable information that the second micro service is authorized to receive; implementing the posture of the second micro service at the sidecar of the second micro service; distributing the posture of the second micro service to the sidecar of the first micro service in the microservice based network environment; verifying at the first micro service that the second micro service can receive the personally identifiable information from the first micro service based on the posture of the second micro service; and performing, at the sidecar of the first micro service, one or more actions after the personally identifiable information is transmitted from the first microservice based on whether it is verified that the second microservice can receive the personally identifiable information from the second microservice. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more types of personally identifiable information that the first microservice is authorized to receive is based, at least in part, on one or more types of personally identifiable information that the second microservice is authorized to distribute. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
distributing the posture of the first microservice to corresponding sidecars of a plurality of micro services in the microservice based network environment; implementing the posture of the first microservice at the corresponding sidecars of the plurality of micro services; and controlling communication of one or more different types of personally identifiable information between the first microservice and the plurality of micro services based on the posture of the first microservice through either or both the sidecar of the first microservice and at least one of the corresponding sidecars of the plurality of micro services. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first microservice and at least one of the plurality of micro services in the microservice based network environment form at least part of an application implemented, at least in part, in the microservice based network environment. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein either or both the first microservice and the second microservice are sidecar-agnostic with respect to at least the controlling of communication of the personally identifiable information through either or both the sidecar of the first microservice and the sidecar of the second microservice based on the posture of the first micro service. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
embedding the posture of the first microservice into an identity certificate; and transmitting the identity certificate with the embedded posture of the first microservice to the sidecar of the second microservice as part of establishing a connection between the first microservice and the second microservice in the microservice based network environment. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
verifying, at the sidecar of the second microservice that the posture of the first microservice is valid; and controlling communication of the personally identifiable information based on the posture of the first microservice through the sidecar of the second microservice based on whether the posture of the first microservice is verified as valid. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the posture of the first microservice is part of a plurality of different postures of the first micro service, the method further comprising selectively applying one or more of the plurality of different postures of the first microservice based on characteristics of either or both the first microservice and the second microservice to control communication of the personally identifiable information between the first microservice and the second micro service. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing one or more actions at either or both the sidecar of the first microservice and the sidecar of the second microservice to control communication of the personally identifiable information between the first microservice and the second microservice based on the posture of the first micro service. 15. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and at least one computer-readable storage medium having stored therein instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
generating a posture of a first microservice in a microservice based network environment, wherein the posture of the first microservice includes an identification of one or more types of personally identifiable information that the first microservice is authorized to distribute;
implementing the posture of the first microservice at a sidecar of the first micro service;
distributing the posture of the first microservice to a sidecar of a second microservice in the microservice based network environment;
implementing the posture of the first microservice at the sidecar of the second micro service; and
controlling communication of personally identifiable information between the first microservice and the second microservice based on the posture of the first microservice through either or both the sidecar of the first microservice and the sidecar of the second micro service. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the personally identifiable information includes personally identifiable information originating at the first microservice and the instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
verifying at the sidecar of the first micro service whether the first micro service can send the personally identifiable information to the second micro service based on the posture of the first micro service; and performing, at the sidecar of the first micro service, one or more actions after the personally identifiable information is transmitted from the first micro service based on whether it is verified that the first micro service can send the personally identifiable information to the second micro service. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the personally identifiable information includes personally identifiable information originating at the first micro service and the instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
verifying at the sidecar of the second micro service whether the first micro service can send the personally identifiable information to the second micro service based on the posture of the first micro service; and performing, at the sidecar of the second micro service, one or more actions either or both before and after the personally identifiable information is received at the second micro service based on whether it is verified that the first micro service can send the personally identifiable information to the second microservice. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the personally identifiable information includes personally identifiable information originating at the first microservice and the instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
verifying at the sidecar of the second microservice whether the second microservice can receive the personally identifiable information from the first microservice based on a posture of the second micro service, wherein the posture of the second microservice includes an identification of one or more types of personally identifiable information that the second microservice is authorized to distribute and one or more types of personally identifiable information that the second microservice is authorized to receive; and performing, at the sidecar of the second micro service, one or more actions either or both before and after the personally identifiable information is received at the second microservice based on whether it is verified that the second microservice can receive the personally identifiable information from the first microservice. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the personally identifiable information includes personally identifiable information originating at the first microservice and the instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
generating a posture of the second micro service, wherein the posture of the second microservice includes an identification of one or more types of personally identifiable information that the second microservice is authorized to distribute and one or more types of personally identifiable information that the second microservice is authorized to receive; implementing the posture of the second microservice at the sidecar of the second micro service; distributing the posture of the second microservice to the sidecar of the first microservice in the microservice based network environment; verifying at the first microservice that the second microservice can receive the personally identifiable information from the first microservice based on the posture of the second micro service; and performing, at the sidecar of the first micro service, one or more actions after the personally identifiable information is transmitted from the first microservice based on whether it is verified that the second microservice can receive the personally identifiable information from the second microservice. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored therein instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
generating a posture of a first microservice in a microservice based network environment, wherein the posture of the first microservice includes an identification of one or more types of personally identifiable information that the first microservice is authorized to distribute and one or more types of personally identifiable information that the first micro service is authorized to receive; implementing the posture of the first micro service at a sidecar of the first micro service; distributing the posture of the first micro service to corresponding sidecars of a plurality of micro services in the micro service based network environment; implementing the posture of the first micro service at the corresponding sidecars of the plurality of micro services; and controlling communication of personally identifiable information between the first micro service and the plurality of micro services based on the posture of the first micro service through either or both the sidecar of the first micro service and the corresponding sidecars of the plurality of micro services. | 2,800 |
349,106 | 16,806,667 | 2,853 | A semiconductor memory device is provided. The device includes a substrate including a cell region and a peripheral region; a plurality of lower electrodes disposed on the substrate in the cell region; a dielectric layer disposed on the plurality of lower electrodes; a metal containing layer disposed on the dielectric layer; a silicon germanium layer disposed on and electrically connected to the metal containing layer; a conductive pad disposed on and electrically connected to the silicon germanium layer; and an upper electrode contact plug disposed on and electrically connected to the conductive pad; The conductive pad extends from the upper electrode contact plug towards the peripheral region in a first direction, and the silicon germanium layer includes an edge portion that extends past the conductive pad in the first direction. | 1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a substrate including a cell region and a peripheral region; a plurality of lower electrodes disposed on the substrate in the cell region; a dielectric layer disposed on the plurality of lower electrodes; a metal containing layer disposed on the dielectric layer; a silicon germanium layer disposed on and electrically connected to the metal containing layer; a conductive pad disposed on and electrically connected to the silicon germanium layer; an upper electrode contact plug disposed on and electrically connected to the conductive pad; a bit line that is disposed on the substrate in the cell region and extends in a first direction; and a plurality of word lines provided in the substrate in the cell region and extending in a second direction that crosses the first direction, wherein the conductive pad extends from the upper electrode contact plug towards the peripheral region in the first direction, and wherein the silicon germanium layer includes an edge portion that extends past the conductive pad in the first direction. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a width of the silicon germanium layer is greater than a width of the conductive pad. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the edge portion of the silicon germanium layer is interposed between the peripheral region and a side surface of the conductive pad. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 3, wherein the side surface of the conductive pad is substantially perpendicular to the first direction and a surface of the substrate. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a top surface of the silicon germanium layer includes a first surface that is covered by the conductive pad and a second surface corresponding to the edge portion that is not covered by the conductive pad and extends in the first direction past the conductive pad. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 5, wherein, relative to the substrate, the first surface of the silicon germanium layer is offset from the second surface of the silicon germanium layer. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 5, wherein the first surface of the silicon germanium layer, the second surface of the silicon germanium layer, and a side surface of the silicon germanium layer between the first surface and the second surface of the silicon germanium layer form a step structure. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a peripheral contact plug electrically connected to the bit line and disposed in the peripheral region. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein a lower surface of the upper electrode contact plug is farther from the substrate than a top surface of a portion of the silicon germanium layer that is covered by the conductive pad. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a poly-silicon layer interposed between the silicon germanium layer and the conductive pad. 11. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a poly-silicon layer disposed on a top surface of the edge portion of the silicon germanium layer. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the conductive pad is disposed directly on the silicon germanium layer. 13. A semiconductor device comprising:
a substrate including a cell region and a peripheral region; a plurality of lower electrodes disposed on the substrate in the cell region; a dielectric layer disposed on the plurality of lower electrodes; a metal containing layer disposed on the dielectric layer; a silicon germanium layer disposed on and electrically connected to the metal containing layer; a first conductive pad and a second conductive pad that are disposed on and electrically connected to the silicon germanium layer; a first upper electrode contact plug disposed on and electrically connected to the first conductive pad; a second upper electrode contact plug disposed on and electrically connected to the second conductive pad; an interlayer insulator disposed on a first portion of the silicon germanium layer between the first conductive pad and the second conductive pad, and a second portion of the silicon germanium layer between the second conductive pad and the peripheral region; a bit line that is disposed on the substrate in the cell region and extends in a first direction; and a plurality of word lines provided in the substrate in the cell region and extending in a second direction that crosses the first direction. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 13, wherein a recess is formed in the first conductive pad and a recess is formed in the second conductive pad,
wherein the recess in the first conductive pad is filled by part of the first upper electrode contact plug, and wherein the recess in the second conductive pad is filled by part of the second upper electrode contact plug. 15. The semiconductor device of claim 13, further comprising a third conductive pad and a fourth conductive pad that are disposed on and electrically connected to the silicon germanium layer,
wherein the first conductive pad and the second conductive pad are spaced apart from each other along the first direction, wherein the third conductive pad and the fourth conductive pad are spaced apart from each other along the first direction, and wherein the first conductive pad and the third conductive pad are spaced apart from each other along the second direction. 16. The semiconductor device of claim 15, wherein the interlayer insulator is interposed between each of the first conductive pad, the second conductive pad, the third conductive pad and the fourth conductive pad. 17. The semiconductor device of claim 13, further comprising a poly-silicon layer interposed between the silicon germanium layer, and both the first conductive pad and the second conductive pad. 18. The semiconductor device of claim 13, wherein an etch rate of the first conductive pad is less than an etch rate of the interlayer insulator. 19. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
providing a substrate including a cell region and a peripheral region; forming a plurality of lower electrodes on the substrate in the cell region; forming a dielectric layer on the plurality of lower electrodes; forming a metal containing layer on the dielectric layer; forming a silicon germanium layer that is electrically connected to the metal containing layer on the metal containing layer; forming a conductive layer that is disposed in the cell region and the peripheral region of the substrate, and is in contact with a top surface of the silicon germanium layer and a side surface of the silicon germanium layer; forming a first etch mask pattern on the top surface of the silicon germanium layer; performing an etch process using the first etch mask pattern to laterally etch the side surface of the conductive layer; forming an interlayered insulating layer on the top surface and the side surface of the silicon germanium layer; forming a second etch mask pattern on the interlayered insulating layer, the second etch mask pattern defining a first opening that overlaps the cell region and a second opening that overlaps the peripheral region; performing an etch process using the second etch mask pattern to form an upper electrode contact hole in the cell region and a peripheral contact hole in the peripheral region, the peripheral contact hole being deeper than the upper electrode contact hole; and filling the upper electrode contact hole and the peripheral contact hole with a conductive material to form an upper contact plug in the upper electrode contact hole and a peripheral contact plug in the peripheral contact hole. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the side surface of the silicon germanium layer is exposed by the etch process performed using the first etch mask pattern to laterally etch the side surface of the conductive layer. | A semiconductor memory device is provided. The device includes a substrate including a cell region and a peripheral region; a plurality of lower electrodes disposed on the substrate in the cell region; a dielectric layer disposed on the plurality of lower electrodes; a metal containing layer disposed on the dielectric layer; a silicon germanium layer disposed on and electrically connected to the metal containing layer; a conductive pad disposed on and electrically connected to the silicon germanium layer; and an upper electrode contact plug disposed on and electrically connected to the conductive pad; The conductive pad extends from the upper electrode contact plug towards the peripheral region in a first direction, and the silicon germanium layer includes an edge portion that extends past the conductive pad in the first direction.1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a substrate including a cell region and a peripheral region; a plurality of lower electrodes disposed on the substrate in the cell region; a dielectric layer disposed on the plurality of lower electrodes; a metal containing layer disposed on the dielectric layer; a silicon germanium layer disposed on and electrically connected to the metal containing layer; a conductive pad disposed on and electrically connected to the silicon germanium layer; an upper electrode contact plug disposed on and electrically connected to the conductive pad; a bit line that is disposed on the substrate in the cell region and extends in a first direction; and a plurality of word lines provided in the substrate in the cell region and extending in a second direction that crosses the first direction, wherein the conductive pad extends from the upper electrode contact plug towards the peripheral region in the first direction, and wherein the silicon germanium layer includes an edge portion that extends past the conductive pad in the first direction. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a width of the silicon germanium layer is greater than a width of the conductive pad. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the edge portion of the silicon germanium layer is interposed between the peripheral region and a side surface of the conductive pad. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 3, wherein the side surface of the conductive pad is substantially perpendicular to the first direction and a surface of the substrate. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a top surface of the silicon germanium layer includes a first surface that is covered by the conductive pad and a second surface corresponding to the edge portion that is not covered by the conductive pad and extends in the first direction past the conductive pad. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 5, wherein, relative to the substrate, the first surface of the silicon germanium layer is offset from the second surface of the silicon germanium layer. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 5, wherein the first surface of the silicon germanium layer, the second surface of the silicon germanium layer, and a side surface of the silicon germanium layer between the first surface and the second surface of the silicon germanium layer form a step structure. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a peripheral contact plug electrically connected to the bit line and disposed in the peripheral region. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein a lower surface of the upper electrode contact plug is farther from the substrate than a top surface of a portion of the silicon germanium layer that is covered by the conductive pad. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a poly-silicon layer interposed between the silicon germanium layer and the conductive pad. 11. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a poly-silicon layer disposed on a top surface of the edge portion of the silicon germanium layer. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the conductive pad is disposed directly on the silicon germanium layer. 13. A semiconductor device comprising:
a substrate including a cell region and a peripheral region; a plurality of lower electrodes disposed on the substrate in the cell region; a dielectric layer disposed on the plurality of lower electrodes; a metal containing layer disposed on the dielectric layer; a silicon germanium layer disposed on and electrically connected to the metal containing layer; a first conductive pad and a second conductive pad that are disposed on and electrically connected to the silicon germanium layer; a first upper electrode contact plug disposed on and electrically connected to the first conductive pad; a second upper electrode contact plug disposed on and electrically connected to the second conductive pad; an interlayer insulator disposed on a first portion of the silicon germanium layer between the first conductive pad and the second conductive pad, and a second portion of the silicon germanium layer between the second conductive pad and the peripheral region; a bit line that is disposed on the substrate in the cell region and extends in a first direction; and a plurality of word lines provided in the substrate in the cell region and extending in a second direction that crosses the first direction. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 13, wherein a recess is formed in the first conductive pad and a recess is formed in the second conductive pad,
wherein the recess in the first conductive pad is filled by part of the first upper electrode contact plug, and wherein the recess in the second conductive pad is filled by part of the second upper electrode contact plug. 15. The semiconductor device of claim 13, further comprising a third conductive pad and a fourth conductive pad that are disposed on and electrically connected to the silicon germanium layer,
wherein the first conductive pad and the second conductive pad are spaced apart from each other along the first direction, wherein the third conductive pad and the fourth conductive pad are spaced apart from each other along the first direction, and wherein the first conductive pad and the third conductive pad are spaced apart from each other along the second direction. 16. The semiconductor device of claim 15, wherein the interlayer insulator is interposed between each of the first conductive pad, the second conductive pad, the third conductive pad and the fourth conductive pad. 17. The semiconductor device of claim 13, further comprising a poly-silicon layer interposed between the silicon germanium layer, and both the first conductive pad and the second conductive pad. 18. The semiconductor device of claim 13, wherein an etch rate of the first conductive pad is less than an etch rate of the interlayer insulator. 19. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
providing a substrate including a cell region and a peripheral region; forming a plurality of lower electrodes on the substrate in the cell region; forming a dielectric layer on the plurality of lower electrodes; forming a metal containing layer on the dielectric layer; forming a silicon germanium layer that is electrically connected to the metal containing layer on the metal containing layer; forming a conductive layer that is disposed in the cell region and the peripheral region of the substrate, and is in contact with a top surface of the silicon germanium layer and a side surface of the silicon germanium layer; forming a first etch mask pattern on the top surface of the silicon germanium layer; performing an etch process using the first etch mask pattern to laterally etch the side surface of the conductive layer; forming an interlayered insulating layer on the top surface and the side surface of the silicon germanium layer; forming a second etch mask pattern on the interlayered insulating layer, the second etch mask pattern defining a first opening that overlaps the cell region and a second opening that overlaps the peripheral region; performing an etch process using the second etch mask pattern to form an upper electrode contact hole in the cell region and a peripheral contact hole in the peripheral region, the peripheral contact hole being deeper than the upper electrode contact hole; and filling the upper electrode contact hole and the peripheral contact hole with a conductive material to form an upper contact plug in the upper electrode contact hole and a peripheral contact plug in the peripheral contact hole. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the side surface of the silicon germanium layer is exposed by the etch process performed using the first etch mask pattern to laterally etch the side surface of the conductive layer. | 2,800 |
349,107 | 16,806,680 | 2,853 | Fracturing fluids and acidizing fluids used in wellbore stimulation operations can include a metal silicate having a molar ratio of SiO2:M2O of 2:1 or above, wherein M is an alkali metal atom or an alkaline earth metal atom. The metal silicate can increase the viscosity of the stimulation fluids and slickwater stimulation fluids. | 1. A method of fracturing a subterranean formation comprising:
introducing a fracturing fluid into the subterranean formation, wherein the fracturing fluid comprises:
a base fluid, wherein the base fluid comprises water;
proppant;
a friction reducer, wherein the friction reducer comprises a non-cross-linked polymer; and
a metal silicate having a molar ratio of SiO2:M2O of 2:1 or above, wherein M is an alkali metal atom or an alkaline earth metal atom; and
creating or enhancing one or more fractures in the subterranean formation. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the base fluid has a total dissolved solids concentration in the range from 500 mg/L to 300,000 mg/L. 3. (canceled) 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the non-cross-linked polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylamide, derivatives of polyacrylamide, copolymers of polyacrylamide, and combinations thereof. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the friction reducer is in a concentration in the range of 0.1 gpt to 10 gpt. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fracturing fluid further comprises a gelling agent, and wherein the gelling agent comprises a cross-linked polymer. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the cross-linked polymer is selected from the group consisting of guar, guar gum derivatives, polysaccharides and derivatives, cellulose derivatives, and combinations thereof. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fracturing fluid has a viscosity greater than 10 cP at a shear rate of 40 s−1 and a temperature of 77° F. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metal silicate is added to the base fluid in a liquid form, and wherein the metal silicate is in a concentration in the range of 0.01 to 20 gallons per thousand gallons of the base fluid. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metal silicate is added to the base fluid in a dry, solid form, and wherein the metal silicate is in a concentration in the range of 0.01% weight by weight of the base fluid to 10% w/w. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein M is sodium or potassium. 12. The method according to claim 12, wherein the metal silicate is sodium metasilicate, sodium orthosilicate, potassium metasilicate, or potassium orthosilicate. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of introducing the fracturing fluid into the subterranean formation comprises using a pump. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the fracturing fluid is introduced into the subterranean formation at a pump flow rate of greater than or equal to 60 barrels per minute. 15. A method of fracturing a subterranean formation comprising:
introducing a fracturing fluid into the subterranean formation, wherein the fracturing fluid comprises:
a base fluid, wherein the base fluid comprises water;
proppant;
a friction reducer, wherein the friction reducer comprises a non-cross-linked polyacrylamide; and
a metal silicate having a molar ratio of SiO2:M2O of 2:1 or above, wherein the metal silicate is sodium metasilicate, sodium orthosilicate, potassium metasilicate, or potassium orthosilicate; and
creating or enhancing one or more fractures in the subterranean formation. 16. A fracturing fluid comprising:
a base fluid, wherein the base fluid comprises water; proppant; a friction reducer, wherein the friction reducer comprises a non-cross-linked polymer; and a metal silicate having a molar ratio of SiO2:M2O of 2:1 or above, wherein M is an alkali metal atom or an alkaline earth metal atom. 17. (canceled) 18. The fluid according to claim 16, wherein the fracturing fluid has a viscosity greater than 10 cP at a shear rate of 40 s−1 and a temperature of 77° F. 19. The fluid according to claim 16, wherein the metal silicate is in a concentration in the range of 0.01% weight by weight of the base fluid to 10% w/w. 20. The fluid according to claim 16, wherein the metal silicate is sodium metasilicate, sodium orthosilicate, potassium metasilicate, or potassium orthosilicate. 21. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metal silicate is an alkaline metal silicate, and wherein the metal silicate has a molar ratio of SiO2:M2O in the range of 2:1 to 2.85:1. 22. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metal silicate is a neutral metal silicate, and wherein the metal silicate has a molar ratio of SiO2:M2O in the range of 2.85:1 to 3.75:1. | Fracturing fluids and acidizing fluids used in wellbore stimulation operations can include a metal silicate having a molar ratio of SiO2:M2O of 2:1 or above, wherein M is an alkali metal atom or an alkaline earth metal atom. The metal silicate can increase the viscosity of the stimulation fluids and slickwater stimulation fluids.1. A method of fracturing a subterranean formation comprising:
introducing a fracturing fluid into the subterranean formation, wherein the fracturing fluid comprises:
a base fluid, wherein the base fluid comprises water;
proppant;
a friction reducer, wherein the friction reducer comprises a non-cross-linked polymer; and
a metal silicate having a molar ratio of SiO2:M2O of 2:1 or above, wherein M is an alkali metal atom or an alkaline earth metal atom; and
creating or enhancing one or more fractures in the subterranean formation. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the base fluid has a total dissolved solids concentration in the range from 500 mg/L to 300,000 mg/L. 3. (canceled) 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the non-cross-linked polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylamide, derivatives of polyacrylamide, copolymers of polyacrylamide, and combinations thereof. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the friction reducer is in a concentration in the range of 0.1 gpt to 10 gpt. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fracturing fluid further comprises a gelling agent, and wherein the gelling agent comprises a cross-linked polymer. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the cross-linked polymer is selected from the group consisting of guar, guar gum derivatives, polysaccharides and derivatives, cellulose derivatives, and combinations thereof. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fracturing fluid has a viscosity greater than 10 cP at a shear rate of 40 s−1 and a temperature of 77° F. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metal silicate is added to the base fluid in a liquid form, and wherein the metal silicate is in a concentration in the range of 0.01 to 20 gallons per thousand gallons of the base fluid. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metal silicate is added to the base fluid in a dry, solid form, and wherein the metal silicate is in a concentration in the range of 0.01% weight by weight of the base fluid to 10% w/w. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein M is sodium or potassium. 12. The method according to claim 12, wherein the metal silicate is sodium metasilicate, sodium orthosilicate, potassium metasilicate, or potassium orthosilicate. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of introducing the fracturing fluid into the subterranean formation comprises using a pump. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the fracturing fluid is introduced into the subterranean formation at a pump flow rate of greater than or equal to 60 barrels per minute. 15. A method of fracturing a subterranean formation comprising:
introducing a fracturing fluid into the subterranean formation, wherein the fracturing fluid comprises:
a base fluid, wherein the base fluid comprises water;
proppant;
a friction reducer, wherein the friction reducer comprises a non-cross-linked polyacrylamide; and
a metal silicate having a molar ratio of SiO2:M2O of 2:1 or above, wherein the metal silicate is sodium metasilicate, sodium orthosilicate, potassium metasilicate, or potassium orthosilicate; and
creating or enhancing one or more fractures in the subterranean formation. 16. A fracturing fluid comprising:
a base fluid, wherein the base fluid comprises water; proppant; a friction reducer, wherein the friction reducer comprises a non-cross-linked polymer; and a metal silicate having a molar ratio of SiO2:M2O of 2:1 or above, wherein M is an alkali metal atom or an alkaline earth metal atom. 17. (canceled) 18. The fluid according to claim 16, wherein the fracturing fluid has a viscosity greater than 10 cP at a shear rate of 40 s−1 and a temperature of 77° F. 19. The fluid according to claim 16, wherein the metal silicate is in a concentration in the range of 0.01% weight by weight of the base fluid to 10% w/w. 20. The fluid according to claim 16, wherein the metal silicate is sodium metasilicate, sodium orthosilicate, potassium metasilicate, or potassium orthosilicate. 21. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metal silicate is an alkaline metal silicate, and wherein the metal silicate has a molar ratio of SiO2:M2O in the range of 2:1 to 2.85:1. 22. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metal silicate is a neutral metal silicate, and wherein the metal silicate has a molar ratio of SiO2:M2O in the range of 2.85:1 to 3.75:1. | 2,800 |
349,108 | 16,806,679 | 2,853 | A method of preparing an engine valve is provided. The method includes hot forging a heat resistant steel at 1,150 to 1,250° C. to mold a valve, aging the molded valve and hollowed-out processing the aging valve. Additionally, the method includes nitride-heating the hollow valve and grinding a surface of a neck of the nitride-heated valve to remove a nitride layer. | 1. A method of preparing an engine valve, comprising:
hot forging a heat resistant steel at 1,150 to 1,250° C. to mold a valve; aging the molded valve; hollowed-out processing the aging valve; nitride-heating the hollow valve; and grinding a surface of a neck of the nitride-heated valve to remove a nitride layer. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the aging of the molded valve is performed for 0.8 to 1.2 hours at 740 to 780° C. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the molding of the valve includes the hot forging at 1,150 to 1,250° C. for 15 to 25 seconds. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the neck to be grinded is disposed 10 to 40 mm away from an inlet which has a largest diameter of the valve. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the removing of the nitride layer includes grinding the surface of the neck by 30 to 70 μm in depth. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
grinding the surface of the hollow valve to perform surface treatment between the hollowed-out processing and the nitride-heating. 7. An engine valve made of heat-resistance steel and having a hollowness, comprising a nitride layer, wherein the nitride layer is formed on a surface of the valve excluding a neck of the valve. 8. The engine valve of claim 7, wherein an average size of grains of an internal matrix is 2 to 5 μm. 9. The engine valve of claim 7, wherein rupture time is 50 to 70 minutes when a static load of 160 MPa is applied at 800° C. 10. The engine valve of claim 7, wherein the neck is disposed 10 to 40 mm away from an inlet which has a maximum diameter of the valve. 11. An engine comprising an engine valve of claim 7. 12. A vehicle comprising an engine of claim 11. | A method of preparing an engine valve is provided. The method includes hot forging a heat resistant steel at 1,150 to 1,250° C. to mold a valve, aging the molded valve and hollowed-out processing the aging valve. Additionally, the method includes nitride-heating the hollow valve and grinding a surface of a neck of the nitride-heated valve to remove a nitride layer.1. A method of preparing an engine valve, comprising:
hot forging a heat resistant steel at 1,150 to 1,250° C. to mold a valve; aging the molded valve; hollowed-out processing the aging valve; nitride-heating the hollow valve; and grinding a surface of a neck of the nitride-heated valve to remove a nitride layer. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the aging of the molded valve is performed for 0.8 to 1.2 hours at 740 to 780° C. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the molding of the valve includes the hot forging at 1,150 to 1,250° C. for 15 to 25 seconds. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the neck to be grinded is disposed 10 to 40 mm away from an inlet which has a largest diameter of the valve. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the removing of the nitride layer includes grinding the surface of the neck by 30 to 70 μm in depth. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
grinding the surface of the hollow valve to perform surface treatment between the hollowed-out processing and the nitride-heating. 7. An engine valve made of heat-resistance steel and having a hollowness, comprising a nitride layer, wherein the nitride layer is formed on a surface of the valve excluding a neck of the valve. 8. The engine valve of claim 7, wherein an average size of grains of an internal matrix is 2 to 5 μm. 9. The engine valve of claim 7, wherein rupture time is 50 to 70 minutes when a static load of 160 MPa is applied at 800° C. 10. The engine valve of claim 7, wherein the neck is disposed 10 to 40 mm away from an inlet which has a maximum diameter of the valve. 11. An engine comprising an engine valve of claim 7. 12. A vehicle comprising an engine of claim 11. | 2,800 |
349,109 | 16,806,589 | 2,853 | A method for providing a passivation layer or pH protective coating on a substrate surface by PECVD is provided, the method comprising generating a plasma from a gaseous reactant comprising polymerizing gases. The lubricity, passivation, pH protective, hydrophobicity, and/or barrier properties of the passivation layer or pH protective coating are set by setting the ratio of the O2 to the organosilicon precursor in the precursor feed, and/or by setting the electric power used for generating the plasma. In particular, a passivation layer or pH protective coating made by the method is provided. Pharmaceutical packages coated by the method and the use of such packages protecting composition contained in the vessel against mechanical and/or chemical effects of the surface of the package without a passivation layer or pH protective coating material are also provided. | 1. An article comprising: a wall having a surface; a barrier coating or layer of SiOx, wherein x is from 1.5 to 2.9, from 2 to 1000 nm thick, the barrier coating or layer of SiOx, having an interior surface facing the lumen and an outer surface facing the wall interior surface, the barrier coating or layer being effective to reduce the ingress of atmospheric gas through the wall compared to an uncoated wall; and a passivation layer or pH protective coating of SiOxCy or SiNxCy wherein x is from about 0.5 to about 2.4 and y is from about 0.6 to about 3, on the barrier coating or layer, the passivation layer or pH protective coating being formed by chemical vapor deposition of a precursor selected from a linear siloxane, a monocyclic siloxane, a polycyclic siloxane, a polysilsesquioxane, a linear silazane, a monocyclic silazane, a polycyclic silazane, a polysilsesquiazane, a silatrane, a silquasilatrane, a silproatrane, an azasilatrane, an azasilquasiatrane, an azasilproatrane, or a combination of any two or more of these precursors; in which the rate of erosion of the passivation layer or pH protective coating, if directly contacted by a fluid composition having a pH at some point between 5 and 9, is less than the rate of erosion of the barrier coating or layer, if directly contacted by the fluid composition. 2. A vessel comprising: a thermoplastic wall having an interior surface enclosing a lumen; a fluid contained in the lumen having a pH greater than 5 disposed in the lumen; a barrier coating or layer of SiOx, in which x is between 1.5 and 2.9, the barrier coating or layer applied by PECVD, positioned between the interior surface of the thermoplastic wall and the fluid, and supported by the thermoplastic wall, the barrier coating or layer having the characteristic of being subject to being measurably diminished in barrier improvement factor in less than six months as a result of attack by the fluid; and a passivation layer or pH protective coating of SiOxCy, in which x is between 0.5 and 2.4 and y is between 0.6 and 3, the passivation layer or pH protective coating applied by PECVD, positioned between the barrier coating or layer and the fluid, and supported by the thermoplastic wall, the passivation layer or pH protective coating being effective to keep the barrier coating or layer at least substantially undissolved as a result of attack by the fluid for a period of at least six months. 3. The vessel of claim 2, in which at least a portion of the wall of the vessel comprises or consists essentially of a polyolefin, a cyclic olefin polymer, a cyclic olefin copolymer, a polyester, a polycarbonate, polylactic acid, or a combination or copolymer of these. 4. The vessel of claim 2, in which the vessel comprises a syringe barrel, a cartridge, a vial, or a blister package. 5. The vessel of claim 2, in which the fluid composition has a pH up to 9. 6. The vessel of claim 2, in which the rate of erosion of the passivation layer or pH protective coating, if directly contacted by a fluid composition having a pH of 8, is less than 20% of the rate of erosion of the barrier coating or layer, if directly contacted by the same fluid composition under the same conditions. 7. The vessel of claim 2, having a minimum shelf life, after the vessel is assembled, of at least two years. 8. The vessel of claim 7, having a shelf life of up to ten years. 9. The vessel of claim 8, in which the shelf life is determined at 20° C. 10. The vessel of claim 2, in which the fluid composition removes the passivation layer or pH protective coating at a rate of 1 nm or less of passivation layer or pH protective coating thickness per 44 hours of contact. 11. The vessel of claim 2, in which the silicon dissolution rate by a 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer diluted in water for injection, adjusted to pH 8 with concentrated nitric acid, and containing 0.2 wt. % polysorbate-80 surfactant from the vessel is less than 170 ppb/day. 12. The vessel of claim 2, in which the calculated shelf life (total Si/Si dissolution rate) is more than 1 year and less than 5 years . 13. The vessel of claim 2, wherein said fluid composition comprises a drug. 14. The vessel of claim 2, in which the fluid composition comprises a member selected from the group consisting of:
Inhalation Anesthetics Aliflurane Chloroform Cyclopropane Desflurane (Suprane) Diethyl Ether Enflurane (Ethrane) Ethyl Chloride Ethylene Halothane (Fluothane) Isoflurane (Forane, Isoflo) Isopropenyl vinyl ether Methoxyflurane methoxyflurane, Methoxypropane Nitrous Oxide Roflurane Sevoflurane (Sevorane, Ultane, Sevoflo) Teflurane Trichloroethylene Vinyl Ether Xenon Injectable Drugs Ablavar (Gadofosveset Trisodium Injection) Abarelix Depot Abobotulinumtoxin A Injection (Dysport) ABT-263 ABT-869 ABX-EFG Accretropin (Somatropin Injection) Acetadote (Acetylcysteine Injection) Acetazolamide Injection (Acetazolamide Injection) Acetylcysteine Injection (Acetadote) Actemra (Tocilizumab Injection) Acthrel (Corticorelin Ovine Triflutate for Injection) Actummune Activase Acyclovir for Injection (Zovirax Injection) Adacel Adalimumab Adenoscan (Adenosine Injection) Adenosine Injection (Adenoscan) Adrenaclick AdreView (lobenguane 1123 Injection for Intravenous Use) Afluria Ak-Fluor (Fluorescein Injection) Aldurazyme (Laronidase) Alglucerase Injection (Ceredase) Alkeran Injection (Melphalan Hcl Injection) Allopurinol Sodium for Injection (Aloprim) Aloprim (Allopurinol Sodium for Injection) Alprostadil Alsuma (Sumatriptan Injection) ALTU-238 Amino Acid Injections Aminosyn Apidra Apremilast Alprostadil Dual Chamber System for Injection (Caverject Impulse) AMG 009 AMG 076 AMG 102 AMG 108 AMG 114 AMG 162 AMG 220 AMG 221 AMG 222 AMG 223 AMG 317 AMG 379 AMG 386 AMG 403 AMG 477 AMG 479 AMG 517 AMG 531 AMG 557 AMG 623 AMG 655 AMG 706 AMG 714 AMG 745 AMG 785 AMG 811 AMG 827 AMG 837 AMG 853 AMG 951 Amiodarone HCl Injection (Amiodarone HCl Injection) Amobarbital Sodium Injection (Amytal Sodium) Amytal Sodium (Amobarbital Sodium Injection) Anakinra Anti-Abeta Anti-Beta7 Anti-Beta20 Anti-CD4 Anti-CD20 Anti-CD40 Anti-IFNalpha Anti-IL13 Anti-OX40L Anti-oxLDS Anti-NGF Anti-NRP1 Arixtra Amphadase (Hyaluronidase Inj) Ammonul (Sodium Phenylacetate and Sodium Benzoate Injection) Anaprox Anzemet Injection (Dolasetron Mesylate Injection) Apidra (Insulin Glulisine [rDNA origin] Inj) Apomab Aranesp (darbepoetin alfa) Argatroban (Argatroban Injection) Arginine Hydrochloride Injection (R-Gene 10) Aristocort Aristospan Arsenic Trioxide Injection (Trisenox) Articane HCl and Epinephrine Injection (Septocaine) Arzerra (Ofatumumab Injection) Asclera (Polidocanol Injection) Ataluren Ataluren-DMD Atenolol Inj (Tenormin I.V. Injection) Atracurium Besylate Injection (Atracurium Besylate Injection) Avastin Azactam Injection (Aztreonam Injection) Azithromycin (Zithromax Injection) Aztreonam Injection (Azactam Injection) Baclofen Injection (Lioresal Intrathecal) Bacteriostatic Water (Bacteriostatic Water for Injection) Baclofen Injection (Lioresal Intrathecal) Bal in Oil Ampules (Dimercarprol Injection) BayHepB BayTet Benadryl Bendamustine Hydrochloride Injection (Treanda) Benztropine Mesylate Injection (Cogentin) Betamethasone Injectable Suspension (Celestone Soluspan) Bexxar Bicillin C-R 900/300 (Penicillin G Benzathine and Penicillin G Procaine Injection) Blenoxane (Bleomycin Sulfate Injection) Bleomycin Sulfate Injection (Blenoxane) Boniva Injection (Ibandronate Sodium Injection) Botox Cosmetic (OnabotulinumtoxinA for Injection) BR3-FC Bravelle (Urofollitropin Injection) Bretylium (Bretylium Tosylate Injection) Brevital Sodium (Methohexital Sodium for Injection) Brethine Briobacept BTT-1 023 Bupivacaine HCl Byetta Ca-DTPA (Pentetate Calcium Trisodium Inj) Cabazitaxel Injection (Jevtana) Caffeine Alkaloid (Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate Injection) Calcijex Injection (Calcitrol) Calcitrol (Calcijex Injection) Calcium Chloride (Calcium Chloride Injection 10%) Calcium Disodium Versenate (Edetate Calcium Disodium Injection) Campath (Altemtuzumab) Camptosar Injection (Irinotecan Hydrochloride) Canakinumab Injection (Ilaris) Capastat Sulfate (Capreomycin for Injection) Capreomycin for Injection (Capastat Sulfate) Cardiolite (Prep kit for Technetium Tc99 Sestamibi for Injection) Carticel Cathflo Cefazolin and Dextrose for Injection (Cefazolin Injection) Cefepime Hydrochloride Cefotaxime Ceftriaxone Cerezyme Carnitor Injection Caverject Celestone Soluspan Celsior Cerebyx (Fosphenytoin Sodium Injection) Ceredase (Alglucerase Injection) Ceretec (Technetium Tc99m Exametazime Injection) Certolizumab CF-1 01 Chloramphenicol Sodium Succinate (Chloramphenicol Sodium Succinate Injection) Chloramphenicol Sodium Succinate Injection (Chloramphenicol Sodium Succinate) Cholestagel (Colesevelam HCL) Choriogonadotropin Alfa Injection (Ovidrel) Cimzia Cisplatin (Cisplatin Injection) Clolar (Clofarabine Injection) Clomiphine Citrate Clonidine Injection (Duraclon) Cogentin (Benztropine Mesylate Injection) Colistimethate Injection (Coly-Mycin M) Coly-Mycin M (Colistimethate Injection) Compath Conivaptan Hcl Injection (Vaprisol) Conjugated Estrogens for Injection (Premarin Injection) Copaxone Corticorelin Ovine Triflutate for Injection (Acthrel) Corvert (Ibutilide Fumarate Injection) Cubicin (Daptomycin Injection) CF-1 01 Cyanokit (Hydroxocobalamin for Injection) Cytarabine Liposome Injection (DepoCyt) Cyanocobalamin Cytovene (ganciclovir) D. H. E. 45 Dacetuzumab Dacogen (Decitabine Injection) Dalteparin Dantrium IV (Dantrolene Sodium for Injection) Dantrolene Sodium for Injection (Dantrium IV) Daptomycin Injection (Cubicin) Darbepoietin Alfa DDAVP Injection (Desmopressin Acetate Injection) Decavax Decitabine Injection (Dacogen) Dehydrated Alcohol (Dehydrated Alcohol Injection) Denosumab Injection (Prolia) Delatestryl Delestrogen Delteparin Sodium Depacon (Valproate Sodium Injection) Depo Medrol (Methylprednisolone Acetate Injectable Suspension) DepoCyt (Cytarabine Liposome Injection) DepoDur (Morphine Sulfate XR Liposome Injection) Desmopressin Acetate Injection (DDAVP Injection) Depo-Estradiol Depo-Provera 104 mg/ml Depo-Provera 150 mg/ml Depo-Testosterone Dexrazoxane for Injection, Intravenous Infusion Only (Totect) Dextrose/Electrolytes Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Inj (Dextrose 5% in 0.9% Sodium Chloride) Dextrose Diazepam Injection (Diazepam Injection) Digoxin Injection (Lanoxin Injection) Dilaudid-HP (Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection) Dimercarprol Injection (BaI in Oil Ampules) Diphenhydramine Injection (Benadryl Injection) Dipyridamole Injection (Dipyridamole Injection) DMOAD Docetaxel for Injection (Taxotere) Dolasetron Mesylate Injection (Anzemet Injection) Doribax (Doripenem for Injection) Doripenem for Injection (Doribax) Doxercalciferol Injection (Hectorol Injection) Doxil (Doxorubicin Hcl Liposome Injection) Doxorubicin Hcl Liposome Injection (Doxil) Duraclon (Clonidine Injection) Duramorph (Morphine Injection) Dysport (Abobotulinumtoxin A Injection) Ecallantide Injection (Kalbitor) EC-Naprosyn (naproxen) Edetate Calcium Disodium Injection (Calcium Disodium Versenate) Edex (Alprostadil for Injection) Engerix Edrophonium Injection (Enlon) Eliglustat Tartate Eloxatin (Oxaliplatin Injection) Emend Injection (Fosaprepitant Dimeglumine Injection) Enalaprilat Injection (Enalaprilat Injection) Enlon (Edrophonium Injection) Enoxaparin Sodium Injection (Lovenox) Eovist (Gadoxetate Disodium Injection) Enbrel (etanercept) Enoxaparin Epicel Epinepherine Epipen Epipen Jr. Epratuzumab Erbitux Ertapenem Injection (Invanz) Erythropoieten Essential Amino Acid Injection (Nephramine) Estradiol Cypionate Estradiol Valerate Etanercept Exenatide Injection (Byetta) Evlotra Fabrazyme (Adalsidase beta) Famotidine Injection FDG (Fludeoxyglucose F 18 Injection) Feraheme (Ferumoxytol Injection) Feridex I.V. (Ferumoxides Injectable Solution) Fertinex Ferumoxides Injectable Solution (Feridex I.V.) Ferumoxytol Injection (Feraheme) Flagyl Injection (Metronidazole Injection) Fluarix Fludara (Fludarabine Phosphate) Fludeoxyglucose F 18 Injection (FDG) Fluorescein Injection (Ak-Fluor) Follistim AQ Cartridge (Follitropin Beta Injection) Follitropin Alfa Injection (Gonal-f RFF) Follitropin Beta Injection (Follistim AQ Cartridge) Folotyn (Pralatrexate Solution for Intravenous Injection) Fondaparinux Forteo (Teriparatide (rDNA origin) Injection) Fostamatinib Fosaprepitant Dimeglumine Injection (Emend Injection) Foscarnet Sodium Injection (Foscavir) Foscavir (Foscarnet Sodium Injection) Fosphenytoin Sodium Injection (Cerebyx) Fospropofol Disodium Injection (Lusedra) Fragmin Fuzeon (enfuvirtide) GA101 Gadobenate Dimeglumine Injection (Multihance) Gadofosveset Trisodium Injection (Ablavar) Gadoteridol Injection Solution (ProHance) Gadoversetamide Injection (OptiMARK) Gadoxetate Disodium Injection (Eovist) Ganirelix (Ganirelix Acetate Injection) Gardasil GC1 008 GDFD Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin for Injection (Mylotarg) Genotropin Gentamicin Injection GENZ-1 12638 Golimumab Injection (Simponi Injection) tonal-f RFF (Follitropin Alfa Injection) Granisetron Hydrochloride (Kytril Injection) Gentamicin Sulfate Glatiramer Acetate Glucagen Glucagon HAE1 Haldol (Haloperidol Injection) Havrix Hectorol Injection (Doxercalciferol Injection) Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitor Heparin Herceptin hG-CSF Humalog Human Growth Hormone Humatrope HuMax Humegon Humira Humulin Ibandronate Sodium Injection (Boniva Injection) Ibuprofen Lysine Injection (NeoProfen) Ibutilide Fumarate Injection (Corvert) Idamycin PFS (Idarubicin Hydrochloride Injection) Idarubicin Hydrochloride Injection (Idamycin PFS) Ilaris (Canakinumab Injection) Imipenem and Cilastatin for Injection (Primaxin I.V.) Imitrex Incobotulinumtoxin A for Injection (Xeomin) Increlex (Mecasermin [rDNA origin] Injection) Indocin IV (Indomethacin Inj) Indomethacin Inj (Indocin IV) Infanrix Innohep Insulin Insulin Aspart [rDNA origin] Inj (NovoLog) Insulin Glargine [rDNA origin] Injection (Lantus) Insulin Glulisine [rDNA origin] Inj (Apidra) Interferon alfa-2b, Recombinant for Injection (Intron A) Intron A (Interferon alfa-2b, Recombinant for Injection) Invanz (Ertapenem Injection) Invega Sustenna (Paliperidone Palmitate Extended-Release Injectable Suspension) Invirase (saquinavir mesylate) Iobenguane 1123 Injection for Intravenous Use (AdreView) Iopromide Injection (Ultravist) Ioversol Injection (Optiray Injection) Iplex (Mecasermin Rinfabate [rDNA origin] Injection) Iprivask Irinotecan Hydrochloride (Camptosar Injection) Iron Sucrose Injection (Venofer) Istodax (Romidepsin for Injection) Itraconazole Injection (Sporanox Injection) Jevtana (Cabazitaxel Injection) Jonexa Kalbitor (Ecallantide Injection) KCL in D5NS (Potassium Chloride in 5% Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injection) KCL in D5W KCL in NS Kenalog 10 Injection (Triamcinolone Acetonide Injectable Suspension) Kepivance (Palifermin) Keppra Injection (Levetiracetam) Keratinocyte KFG Kinase Inhibitor Kineret (Anakinra) Kinlytic (Urokinase Injection) Kinrix Klonopin (clonazepam) Kytril Injection (Granisetron Hydrochloride) lacosamide Tablet and Injection (Vimpat) Lactated Ringer's Lanoxin Injection (Digoxin Injection) Lansoprazole for Injection (Prevacid I.V.) Lantus Leucovorin Calcium (Leucovorin Calcium Injection) Lente (L) Leptin Levemir Leukine Sargramostim Leuprolide Acetate Levothyroxine Levetiracetam (Keppra Injection) Lovenox Levocarnitine Injection (Carnitor Injection) Lexiscan (Regadenoson Injection) Lioresal Intrathecal (Baclofen Injection) [rDNA] Injection (Victoza) Lovenox (Enoxaparin Sodium Injection) Lucentis (Ranibizumab Injection) Lumizyme Lupron (Leuprolide Acetate Injection) Lusedra (Fospropofol Disodium Injection) Maci Magnesium Sulfate (Magnesium Sulfate Injection) Mannitol Injection (Mannitol IV) Marcaine (Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection) Maxipime (Cefepime Hydrochloride for Injection) MDP Multidose Kit of Technetium Injection (Technetium Tc99m Medronate Injection) Mecasermin [rDNA origin] Injection (Increlex) Mecasermin Rinfabate [rDNA origin] Injection (Iplex) Melphalan Hcl Injection (Alkeran Injection) Methotrexate Menactra Menopur (Menotropins Injection) Menotropins for Injection (Repronex) Methohexital Sodium for Injection (Brevital Sodium) Methyldopate Hydrochloride Injection, Solution (Methyldopate Hcl) Methylene Blue (Methylene Blue Injection) Methylprednisolone Acetate Injectable Suspension (Depo Medrol) MetMab Metoclopramide Injection (Reglan Injection) Metrodin (Urofollitropin for Injection) Metronidazole Injection (Flagyl Injection) Miacalcin Midazolam (Midazolam Injection) Mimpara (Cinacalet) Minocin Injection (Minocycline Inj) Minocycline Inj (Minocin Injection) Mipomersen Mitoxantrone for Injection Concentrate (Novantrone) Morphine Injection (Duramorph) Morphine Sulfate XR Liposome Injection (DepoDur) Morrhuate Sodium (Morrhuate Sodium Injection) Motesanib Mozobil (Plerixafor Injection) Multihance (Gadobenate Dimeglumine Injection) Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection Multiple Electrolytes Injection Mylotarg (Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin for Injection) Myozyme (Alglucosidase alfa) Nafcillin Injection (Nafcillin Sodium) Nafcillin Sodium (Nafcillin Injection) Naltrexone XR Inj (Vivitrol) Naprosyn (naproxen) NeoProfen (Ibuprofen Lysine Injection) Nandrol Decanoate Neostigmine Methylsulfate (Neostigmine Methylsulfate Injection) NEO-GAA NeoTect (Technetium Tc 99m Depreotide Injection) Nephramine (Essential Amino Acid Injection) Neulasta (pegfilgrastim) Neupogen (Filgrastim) Novolin Novolog NeoRecormon Neutrexin (Trimetrexate Glucuronate Inj) NPH (N) Nexterone (Amiodarone HCl Injection) Norditropin (Somatropin Injection) Normal Saline (Sodium Chloride Injection) Novantrone (Mitoxantrone for Injection Concentrate) Novolin 70/30 Innolet (70% NPH, Human Insulin Isophane Suspension and 30% Regular, Human Insulin Injection) NovoLog (Insulin Aspart [rDNA origin] Inj) Nplate (romiplostim) Nutropin (Somatropin (rDNA origin) for Inj) Nutropin AQ Nutropin Depot (Somatropin (rDNA origin) for Inj) Octreotide Acetate Injection (Sandostatin LAR) Ocrelizumab Ofatumumab Injection (Arzerra) Olanzapine Extended Release Injectable Suspension (Zyprexa Relprevv) Omnitarg Omnitrope (Somatropin [ rDNA origin] Injection) Ondansetron Hydrochloride Injection (Zofran Injection) OptiMARK (Gadoversetamide Injection) Optiray Injection (Ioversol Injection) Orencia Osmitrol Injection in Aviva (Mannitol Injection in Aviva Plastic Vessel) Osmitrol Injection in Viaflex (Mannitol Injection in Viaflex Plastic Vessel) Osteoprotegrin Ovidrel (Choriogonadotropin Alfa Injection) Oxacillin (Oxacillin for Injection) Oxaliplatin Injection (Eloxatin) Oxytocin Injection (Pitocin) Paliperidone Palmitate Extended-Release Injectable Suspension (Invega Sustenna) Pamidronate Disodium Injection (Pamidronate Disodium Injection) Panitumumab Injection for Intravenous Use (Vectibix) Papaverine Hydrochloride Injection (Papaverine Injection) Papaverine Injection (Papaverine Hydrochloride Injection) Parathyroid Hormone Paricalcitol Injection Fliptop Vial (Zemplar Injection) PARP Inhibitor Pediarix PEGIntron Peginterferon Pegfilgrastim Penicillin G Benzathine and Penicillin G Procaine Pentetate Calcium Trisodium Inj (Ca-DTPA) Pentetate Zinc Trisodium Injection (Zn-DTPA) Pepcid Injection (Famotidine Injection) Pergonal Pertuzumab Phentolamine Mesylate (Phentolamine Mesylate for Injection) Physostigmine Salicylate (Physostigmine Salicylate (injection)) Physostigmine Salicylate (injection) (Physostigmine Salicylate) Piperacillin and Tazobactam Injection (Zosyn) Pitocin (Oxytocin Injection) Plasma-Lyte 148 (Multiple Electrolytes Inj) Plasma-Lyte 56 and Dextrose (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection in Viaflex Plastic Vessel) PlasmaLyte Plerixafor Injection (Mozobil) Polidocanol Injection (Asclera) Potassium Chloride Pralatrexate Solution for Intravenous Injection (Folotyn) Pramlintide Acetate Injection (Symlin) Premarin Injection (Conjugated Estrogens for Injection) Prep kit for Technetium Tc99 Sestamibi for Injection (Cardiolite) Prevacid I.V. (Lansoprazole for Injection) Primaxin I.V. (Imipenem and Cilastatin for Injection) Prochymal Procrit Progesterone ProHance (Gadoteridol Injection Solution) Prolia (Denosumab Injection) Promethazine HCl Injection (Promethazine Hydrochloride Injection) Propranolol Hydrochloride Injection (Propranolol Hydrochloride Injection) Quinidine Gluconate Injection (Quinidine Injection) Quinidine Injection (Quinidine Gluconate Injection) R-Gene 10 (Arginine Hydrochloride Injection) Ranibizumab Injection (Lucentis) Ranitidine Hydrochloride Injection (Zantac Injection) Raptiva Reclast (Zoledronic Acid Injection) Recombivarix HB Regadenoson Injection (Lexiscan) Reglan Injection (Metoclopramide Injection) Remicade Renagel Renvela (Sevelamer Carbonate) Repronex (Menotropins for Injection) Retrovir IV (Zidovudine Injection) rhApo2L/TRAIL Ringer's and 5% Dextrose Injection (Ringers in Dextrose) Ringer's Injection (Ringers Injection) Rituxan Rituximab Rocephin (ceftriaxone) Rocuronium Bromide Injection (Zemuron) Roferon-A (interferon alfa-2a) Romazicon (flumazenil) Romidepsin for Injection (Istodax) Saizen (Somatropin Injection) Sandostatin LAR (Octreotide Acetate Injection) Sclerostin Ab Sensipar (cinacalcet) Sensorcaine (Bupivacaine HCl Injections) Septocaine (Articane HCl and Epinephrine Injection) Serostim LQ (Somatropin (rDNA origin) Injection) Simponi Injection (Golimumab Injection) Sodium Acetate (Sodium Acetate Injection) Sodium Bicarbonate (Sodium Bicarbonate 5% Injection) Sodium Lactate (Sodium Lactate Injection in AVIVA) Sodium Phenylacetate and Sodium Benzoate Injection (Ammonul) Somatropin (rDNA origin) for Inj (Nutropin) Sporanox Injection (Itraconazole Injection) Stelara Injection (Ustekinumab) Stemgen Sufenta (Sufentanil Citrate Injection) Sufentanil Citrate Injection (Sufenta) Sumavel Sumatriptan Injection (Alsuma) Symlin Symlin Pen Systemic Hedgehog Antagonist Synvisc-One (Hylan G-F 20 Single Intra-articular Injection) Tarceva Taxotere (Docetaxel for Injection) Technetium Tc 99m Telavancin for Injection (Vibativ) Temsirolimus Injection (Torisel) Tenormin I.V. Injection (Atenolol Inj) Teriparatide (rDNA origin) Injection (Forteo) Testosterone Cypionate Testosterone Enanthate Testosterone Propionate Tev-Tropin (Somatropin, rDNA Origin, for Injection) tgAAC94 Thallous Chloride Theophylline Thiotepa (Thiotepa Injection) Thymoglobulin (Anti-Thymocyte Globulin (Rabbit) Thyrogen (Thyrotropin Alfa for Injection) Ticarcillin Disodium and Clavulanate Potassium Galaxy (Timentin Injection) Tigan Injection (Trimethobenzamide Hydrochloride Injectable) Timentin Injection (Ticarcillin Disodium and Clavulanate Potassium Galaxy) TNKase Tobramycin Injection (Tobramycin Injection) Tocilizumab Injection (Actemra) Torisel (Temsirolimus Injection) Totect (Dexrazoxane for Injection, Intravenous Infusion Only) Trastuzumab-DM1 Travasol (Amino Acids (Injection)) Treanda (Bendamustine Hydrochloride Injection) Trelstar (Triptorelin Pamoate for Injectable Suspension) Triamcinolone Acetonide Triamcinolone Diacetate Triamcinolone Hexacetonide Injectable Suspension (Aristospan Injection 20 mg) Triesence (Triamcinolone Acetonide Injectable Suspension) Trimethobenzamide Hydrochloride Injectable (Tigan Injection) Trimetrexate Glucuronate Inj (Neutrexin) Triptorelin Pamoate for Injectable Suspension (Trelstar) Twinject Trivaris (Triamcinolone Acetonide Injectable Suspension) Trisenox (Arsenic Trioxide Injection) Twinrix Typhoid Vi Ultravist (Iopromide Injection) Urofollitropin for Injection (Metrodin) Urokinase Injection (Kinlytic) Ustekinumab (Stelara Injection) Ultralente (U) Valium (diazepam) Valproate Sodium Injection (Depacon) Valtropin (Somatropin Injection) Vancomycin Hydrochloride (Vancomycin Hydrochloride Injection) Vancomycin Hydrochloride Injection (Vancomycin Hydrochloride) Vaprisol (Conivaptan Hcl Injection) VAQTA Vasovist (Gadofosveset Trisodium Injection for Intravenous Use) Vectibix (Panitumumab Injection for Intravenous Use) Venofer (Iron Sucrose Injection) Verteporfin Inj (Visudyne) Vibativ (Telavancin for Injection) Victoza (Liraglutide [rDNA] Injection) Vimpat (lacosamide Tablet and Injection) Vinblastine Sulfate (Vinblastine Sulfate Injection) Vincasar PFS (Vincristine Sulfate Injection) Victoza Vincristine Sulfate (Vincristine Sulfate Injection) Visudyne (Verteporfin Inj) Vitamin B-12 Vivitrol (Naltrexone XR Inj) Voluven (Hydroxyethyl Starch in Sodium Chloride Injection) Xeloda Xenical (orlistat) Xeomin (Incobotulinumtoxin A for Injection) Xolair Zantac Injection (Ranitidine Hydrochloride Injection) Zemplar Injection (Paricalcitol Injection Fliptop Vial) Zemuron (Rocuronium Bromide Injection) Zenapax (daclizumab) Zevalin Zidovudine Injection (Retrovir IV) Zithromax Injection (Azithromycin) Zn-DTPA (Pentetate Zinc Trisodium Injection) Zofran Injection (Ondansetron Hydrochloride Injection) Zingo Zoledronic Acid for Inj (Zometa) Zoledronic Acid Injection (Reclast) Zometa (Zoledronic Acid for Inj) Zosyn (Piperacillin and Tazobactam Injection) Zyprexa Relprevv (Olanzapine Extended Release Injectable Suspension) Liquid Drugs (Non-Injectable) Abilify AccuNeb (Albuterol Sulfate Inhalation Solution) Actidose Aqua (Activated Charcoal Suspension) Activated Charcoal Suspension (Actidose Aqua) Advair Agenerase Oral Solution (Amprenavir Oral Solution) Akten (Lidocaine Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Gel) Alamast (Pemirolast Potassium Ophthalmic Solution) Albumin (Human) 5% Solution (Buminate 5%) Albuterol Sulfate Inhalation Solution Alinia Alocril Alphagan Alrex Alvesco Amprenavir Oral Solution Analpram-HC Arformoterol Tartrate Inhalation Solution (Brovana) Aristospan Injection 20 mg (Triamcinolone Hexacetonide Injectable Suspension) Asacol Asmanex Astepro Astepro (Azelastine Hydrochloride Nasal Spray) Atrovent Nasal Spray (Ipratropium Bromide Nasal Spray) Atrovent Nasal Spray 0.06 Augmentin ES-600 Azasite (Azithromycin Ophthalmic Solution) Azelaic Acid (Finacea Gel) Azelastine Hydrochloride Nasal Spray (Astepro) Azelex (Azelaic Acid Cream) Azopt (Brinzolamide Ophthalmic Suspension) Bacteriostatic Saline Balanced Salt Bepotastine Bactroban Nasal Bactroban Beclovent Benzac W Betimol Betoptic S Bepreve Bimatoprost Ophthalmic Solution Bleph 10 (Sulfacetamide Sodium Ophthalmic Solution 10%) Brinzolamide Ophthalmic Suspension (Azopt) Bromfenac Ophthalmic Solution (Xibrom) Bromhist Brovana (Arformoterol Tartrate Inhalation Solution) Budesonide Inhalation Suspension (Pulmicort Respules) Cambia (Diclofenac Potassium for Oral Solution) Capex Carac Carboxine-PSE Carnitor Cayston (Aztreonam for Inhalation Solution) Cellcept Centany Cerumenex Ciloxan Ophthalmic Solution (Ciprofloxacin HCL Ophthalmic Solution) Ciprodex Ciprofloxacin HCL Ophthalmic Solution (Ciloxan Ophthalmic Solution) Clemastine Fumarate Syrup (Clemastine Fumarate Syrup) CoLyte (PEG Electrolytes Solution) Combiven Comtan Condylox Cordran Cortisporin Ophthalmic Suspension Cortisporin Otic Suspension Cromolyn Sodium Inhalation Solution (Intal Nebulizer Solution) Cromolyn Sodium Ophthalmic Solution (Opticrom) Crystalline Amino Acid Solution with Electrolytes (Aminosyn Electrolytes) Cutivate Cuvposa (Glycopyrrolate Oral Solution) Cyanocobalamin (CaloMist Nasal Spray) Cyclosporine Oral Solution (Gengraf Oral Solution) Cyclogyl Cysview (Hexaminolevulinate Hydrochloride Intravesical Solution) DermOtic Oil (Fluocinolone Acetonide Oil Ear Drops) Desmopressin Acetate Nasal Spray DDAVP Derma-Smoothe/FS Dexamethasone Intensol Dianeal Low Calcium Dianeal PD Diclofenac Potassium for Oral Solution (Cambia) Didanosine Pediatric Powder for Oral Solution (Videx) Differin Dilantin 125 (Phenytoin Oral Suspension) Ditropan Dorzolamide Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution (Trusopt) Dorzolamide Hydrochloride-Timolol Maleate Ophthalmic Solution (Cosopt) Dovonex Scalp (Calcipotriene Solution) Doxycycline Calcium Oral Suspension (Vibramycin Oral) Efudex Elaprase (Idursulfase Solution) Elestat (Epinastine HCl Ophthalmic Solution) Elocon Epinastine HCl Ophthalmic Solution (Elestat) Epivir HBV Epogen (Epoetin alfa) Erythromycin Topical Solution 1.5% (Staticin) Ethiodol (Ethiodized Oil) Ethosuximide Oral Solution (Zarontin Oral Solution) Eurax Extraneal (Icodextrin Peritoneal Dialysis Solution) Felbatol Feridex I.V. (Ferumoxides Injectable Solution) Flovent Floxin Otic (Ofloxacin Otic Solution) Flo-Pred (Prednisolone Acetate Oral Suspension) Fluoroplex Flunisolide Nasal Solution (Flunisolide Nasal Spray 0.025%) Fluorometholone Ophthalmic Suspension (FML) Flurbiprofen Sodium Ophthalmic Solution (Ocufen) FML Foradil Formoterol Fumarate Inhalation Solution (Perforomist) Fosamax Furadantin (Nitrofurantoin Oral Suspension) Furoxone Gammagard Liquid (Immune Globulin Intravenous (Human) 10%) Gantrisin (Acetyl Sulfisoxazole Pediatric Suspension) Gatifloxacin Ophthalmic Solution (Zymar) Gengraf Oral Solution (Cyclosporine Oral Solution) Glycopyrrolate Oral Solution (Cuvposa) Halcinonide Topical Solution (Halog Solution) Halog Solution (Halcinonide Topical Solution) HEP-LOCK U/P (Preservative-Free Heparin Lock Flush Solution) Heparin Lock Flush Solution (Hepflush 10) Hexaminolevulinate Hydrochloride Intravesical Solution (Cysview) Hydrocodone Bitartrate and Acetaminophen Oral Solution (Lortab Elixir) Hydroquinone 3% Topical Solution (Melquin-3 Topical Solution) IAP Antagonist Isopto Ipratropium Bromide Nasal Spray (Atrovent Nasal Spray) Itraconazole Oral Solution (Sporanox Oral Solution) Ketorolac Tromethamine Ophthalmic Solution (Acular LS) Kaletra Lanoxin Lexiva Leuprolide Acetate for Depot Suspension (Lupron Depot 1 1 .25 mg) Levobetaxolol Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Suspension (Betaxon) Levocarnitine Tablets, Oral Solution, Sugar-Free (Carnitor) Levofloxacin Ophthalmic Solution 0.5% (Quixin) Lidocaine HCl Sterile Solution (Xylocaine MPF Sterile Solution) Lok Pak (Heparin Lock Flush Solution) Lorazepam Intensol Lortab Elixir (Hydrocodone Bitartrate and Acetaminophen Oral Solution) Lotemax (Loteprednol Etabonate Ophthalmic Suspension) Loteprednol Etabonate Ophthalmic Suspension (Alrex) Low Calcium Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions (Dianeal Low Calcium) Lumigan (Bimatoprost Ophthalmic Solution 0.03% for Glaucoma) Lupron Depot 11.25 mg (Leuprolide Acetate for Depot Suspension) Megestrol Acetate Oral Suspension (Megestrol Acetate Oral Suspension) MEK Inhibitor Mepron Mesnex Mestinon Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema (Rowasa) Melquin-3 Topical Solution (Hydroquinone 3% Topical Solution) MetMab Methyldopate Hcl (Methyldopate Hydrochloride Injection, Solution) Methylin Oral Solution (Methylphenidate HCl Oral Solution 5 mg/5 mL and 10 mg/5 mL) Methylprednisolone Acetate Injectable Suspension (Depo Medrol) Methylphenidate HCl Oral Solution 5 mg/5 mL and 10 mg/5 mL (Methylin Oral Solution) Methylprednisolone sodium succinate (Solu Medrol) Metipranolol Ophthalmic Solution (Optipranolol) Migranal Miochol-E (Acetylcholine Chloride Intraocular Solution) Micro-K for Liquid Suspension (Potassium Chloride Extended Release Formulation for Liquid Suspension) Minocin (Minocycline Hydrochloride Oral Suspension) Nasacort Neomycin and Polymyxin B Sulfates and Hydrocortisone Nepafenac Ophthalmic Suspension (Nevanac) Nevanac (Nepafenac Ophthalmic Suspension) Nitrofurantoin Oral Suspension (Furadantin) Noxafil (Posaconazole Oral Suspension) Nystatin (oral) (Nystatin Oral Suspension) Nystatin Oral Suspension (Nystatin (oral)) Ocufen (Flurbiprofen Sodium Ophthalmic Solution) Ofloxacin Ophthalmic Solution (Ofloxacin Ophthalmic Solution) Ofloxacin Otic Solution (Floxin Otic) Olopatadine Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution (Pataday) Opticrom (Cromolyn Sodium Ophthalmic Solution) Optipranolol (Metipranolol Ophthalmic Solution) Patanol Pediapred PerioGard Phenytoin Oral Suspension (Dilantin 125) Phisohex Posaconazole Oral Suspension (Noxafil) Potassium Chloride Extended Release Formulation for Liquid Suspension (Micro-K for Liquid Suspension) Pataday (Olopatadine Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution) Patanase Nasal Spray (Olopatadine Hydrochloride Nasal Spray) PEG Electrolytes Solution (CoLyte) Pemirolast Potassium Ophthalmic Solution (Alamast) Penlac (Ciclopirox Topical Solution) PENNSAID (Diclofenac Sodium Topical Solution) Perforomist (Formoterol Fumarate Inhalation Solution) Peritoneal Dialysis Solution Phenylephrine Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution (Neo-Synephrine) Phospholine Iodide (Echothiophate Iodide for Ophthalmic Solution) Podofilox (Podofilox Topical Solution) Pred Forte (Prednisolone Acetate Ophthalmic Suspension) Pralatrexate Solution for Intravenous Injection (Folotyn) Pred Mild Prednisone Intensol Prednisolone Acetate Ophthalmic Suspension (Pred Forte) Prevacid PrismaSol Solution (Sterile Hemofiltration Hemodiafiltration Solution) ProAir Proglycem ProHance (Gadoteridol Injection Solution) Proparacaine Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution (Alcaine) Propine Pulmicort Pulmozyme Quixin (Levofloxacin Ophthalmic Solution 0.5%) QVAR Rapamune Rebetol Relacon-HC Rotarix (Rotavirus Vaccine, Live, Oral Suspension) Rotavirus Vaccine, Live, Oral Suspension (Rotarix) Rowasa (Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema) Sabril (Vigabatrin Oral Solution) Sacrosidase Oral Solution (Sucraid) Sandimmune Sepra Serevent Diskus Solu Cortef (Hydrocortisone Sodium Succinate) Solu Medrol (Methylprednisolone sodium succinate) Spiriva Sporanox Oral Solution (Itraconazole Oral Solution) Staticin (Erythromycin Topical Solution 1.5%) Stalevo Starlix Sterile Hemofiltration Hemodiafiltration Solution (PrismaSol Solution) Sti mate Sucralfate (Carafate Suspension) Sulfacetamide Sodium Ophthalmic Solution 10% (Bleph 10) Synarel Nasal Solution (Nafarelin Acetate Nasal Solution for Endometriosis) Taclonex Scalp (Calcipotriene and Betamethasone Dipropionate Topical Suspension) Tamiflu Tobi TobraDex Tobradex ST (Tobramycin/Dexamethasone Ophthalmic Suspension 0.3%/0.05%) Tobramycin/Dexamethasone Ophthalmic Suspension 0.3%/0.05% (Tobradex ST) Timolol Timoptic Travatan Z Treprostinil Inhalation Solution (Tyvaso) Trusopt (Dorzolamide Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution) Tyvaso (Treprostinil Inhalation Solution) Ventolin Vfend Vibramycin Oral (Doxycycline Calcium Oral Suspension) Videx (Didanosine Pediatric Powder for Oral Solution) Vigabatrin Oral Solution (Sabril) Viokase Viracept Viramune Vitamin K1 (Fluid Colloidal Solution of Vitamin K1) Voltaren Ophthalmic (Diclofenac Sodium Ophthalmic Solution) Zarontin Oral Solution (Ethosuximide Oral Solution) Ziagen Zyvox Zymar (Gatifloxacin Ophthalmic Solution) Zymaxid (Gatifloxacin Ophthalmic Solution) Drug Classes 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors 5-aminosalicylates 5HT3 receptor antagonists adamantane antivirals adrenal cortical steroids adrenal corticosteroid inhibitors adrenergic bronchodilators agents for hypertensive emergencies agents for pulmonary hypertension aldosterone receptor antagonists alkylating agents alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists alpha-glucosidase inhibitors alternative medicines amebicides aminoglycosides aminopenicillins aminosalicylates amylin analogs Analgesic Combinations Analgesics androgens and anabolic steroids angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors angiotensin II inhibitors anorectal preparations anorexiants antacids anthelmintics anti-angiogenic ophthalmic agents anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies anti-infectives antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting antiadrenergic agents, peripherally acting antiandrogens antianginal agents antiarrhythmic agents antiasthmatic combinations antibiotics/antineoplastics anticholinergic antiemetics anticholinergic antiparkinson agents anticholinergic bronchodilators anticholinergic chronotropic agents anticholinergics/antispasmodics anticoagulants anticonvulsants antidepressants antidiabetic agents antidiabetic combinations antidiarrheals antidiuretic hormones antidotes antiemetic/antivertigo agents antifungals antigonadotropic agents antigout agents antihistamines antihyperlipidemic agents antihyperlipidemic combinations anti hypertensive combinations antihyperuricemic agents antimalarial agents antimalarial combinations antimalarial quinolines anti metabolites antimigraine agents antineoplastic detoxifying agents antineoplastic interferons antineoplastic monoclonal antibodies antineoplastics antiparkinson agents antiplatelet agents antipseudomonal penicillins antipsoriatics antipsychotics antirheumatics antiseptic and germicides antithyroid agents antitoxins and antivenins antituberculosis agents antituberculosis combinations antitussives antiviral agents antiviral combinations antiviral interferons anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics aromatase inhibitors atypical antipsychotics azole antifungals bacterial vaccines barbiturate anticonvulsants barbiturates BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors benzodiazepine anticonvulsants benzodiazepines beta-adrenergic blocking agents beta-lactamase inhibitors bile acid sequestrants biologicals bisphosphonates bone resorption inhibitors bronchodilator combinations bronchodilators calcitonin calcium channel blocking agents carbamate anticonvulsants carbapenems carbonic anhydrase inhibitor anticonvulsants carbonic anhydrase inhibitors cardiac stressing agents cardioselective beta blockers cardiovascular agents catecholamines CD20 monoclonal antibodies CD33 monoclonal antibodies CD52 monoclonal antibodies central nervous system agents cephalosporins cerumenolytics chelating agents chemokine receptor antagonist chloride channel activators cholesterol absorption inhibitors cholinergic agonists cholinergic muscle stimulants cholinesterase inhibitors CNS stimulants coagulation modifiers colony stimulating factors contraceptives corticotropin coumarins and indandiones cox-2 inhibitors decongestants dermatological agents diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals dibenzazepine anticonvulsants digestive enzymes dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors diuretics dopaminergic antiparkinsonism agents drugs used in alcohol dependence echinocandins EGFR inhibitors estrogen receptor antagonists estrogens expectorants factor Xa inhibitors fatty acid derivative anticonvulsants fibric acid derivatives first generation cephalosporins fourth generation cephalosporins functional bowel disorder agents gallstone solubilizing agents gamma-aminobutyric acid analogs gamma-aminobutyric acid reuptake inhibitors gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase inhibitors gastrointestinal agents general anesthetics genitourinary tract agents GI stimulants glucocorticoids glucose elevating agents glycopeptide antibiotics glycoprotein platelet inhibitors glycylcyclines gonadotropin releasing hormones gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists gonadotropins group I antiarrhythmics group II antiarrhythmics group III antiarrhythmics group IV antiarrhythmics group V antiarrhythmics growth hormone receptor blockers growth hormones H. pylori eradication agents H2 antagonists hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer heparin antagonists heparins HER2 inhibitors herbal products histone deacetylase inhibitors hormone replacement therapy hormones hormones/antineoplastics hydantoin anticonvulsants illicit (street) drugs immune globulins immunologic agents immunosuppressive agents impotence agents in vivo diagnostic biologicals incretin mimetics inhaled anti-infectives inhaled corticosteroids inotropic agents insulin insulin-like growth factor integrase strand transfer inhibitor interferons intravenous nutritional products iodinated contrast media ionic iodinated contrast media iron products ketolides laxatives leprostatics leukotriene modifiers lincomycin derivatives lipoglycopeptides local injectable anesthetics loop diuretics lung surfactants lymphatic staining agents lysosomal enzymes macrolide derivatives macrolides magnetic resonance imaging contrast media mast cell stabilizers medical gas meglitinides metabolic agents methylxanthines mineralocorticoids minerals and electrolytes miscellaneous agents miscellaneous analgesics miscellaneous antibiotics miscellaneous anticonvulsants miscellaneous antidepressants miscellaneous antidiabetic agents miscellaneous antiemetics miscellaneous antifungals miscellaneous antihyperlipidemic agents miscellaneous antimalarials miscellaneous antineoplastics miscellaneous antiparkinson agents miscellaneous antipsychotic agents miscellaneous antituberculosis agents miscellaneous antivirals miscellaneous anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics miscellaneous biologicals miscellaneous bone resorption inhibitors miscellaneous cardiovascular agents miscellaneous central nervous system agents miscellaneous coagulation modifiers miscellaneous diuretics miscellaneous genitourinary tract agents miscellaneous CI agents miscellaneous hormones miscellaneous metabolic agents miscellaneous ophthalmic agents miscellaneous otic agents miscellaneous respiratory agents miscellaneous sex hormones miscellaneous topical agents miscellaneous uncategorized agents miscellaneous vaginal agents mitotic inhibitors monoamine oxidase inhibitors monoclonal antibodies mouth and throat products mTOR inhibitors mTOR kinase inhibitors mucolytics multikinase inhibitors muscle relaxants mydriatics narcotic analgesic combinations narcotic analgesics nasal anti-infectives nasal antihistamines and decongestants nasal lubricants and irrigations nasal preparations nasal steroids natural penicillins neuraminidase inhibitors neuromuscular blocking agents next generation cephalosporins nicotinic acid derivatives nitrates NNRTIs non-cardioselective beta blockers non-iodinated contrast media non-ionic iodinated contrast media non-sulfonylureas nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) nutraceutical products nutritional products ophthalmic anesthetics ophthalmic anti-infectives ophthalmic anti-inflammatory agents ophthalmic antihistamines and decongestants ophthalmic diagnostic agents ophthalmic glaucoma agents ophthalmic lubricants and irrigations ophthalmic preparations ophthalmic steroids ophthalmic steroids with anti-infectives ophthalmic surgical agents oral nutritional supplements otic anesthetics otic anti-infectives otic preparations otic steroids otic steroids with anti-infectives oxazolidinedione anticonvulsants parathyroid hormone and analogs penicillinase resistant penicillins penicillins peripheral opioid receptor antagonists peripheral vasodilators peripherally acting antiobesity agents phenothiazine antiemetics phenothiazine antipsychotics phenylpiperazine antidepressants plasma expanders platelet aggregation inhibitors platelet-stimulating agents polyenes potassium-sparing diuretics probiotics progesterone receptor modulators progestins prolactin inhibitors prostaglandin D2 antagonists protease inhibitors proton pump inhibitors psoralens psychotherapeutic agents psychotherapeutic combinations purine nucleosides pyrrolidine anticonvulsants quinolones radiocontrast agents radiologic adjuncts radiologic agents radiologic conjugating agents radiopharmaceuticals RANK ligand inhibitors recombinant human erythropoietins renin inhibitors respiratory agents respiratory inhalant products rifamycin derivatives salicylates sclerosing agents second generation cephalosporins selective estrogen receptor modulators selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors serotoninergic neuroenteric modulators sex hormone combinations sex hormones skeletal muscle relaxant combinations skeletal muscle relaxants smoking cessation agents somatostatin and somatostatin analogs spermicides statins sterile irrigating solutions streptomyces derivatives succinimide anticonvulsants sulfonamides sulfonylureas synthetic ovulation stimulants tetracyclic antidepressants tetracyclines therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals thiazide diuretics thiazolidinediones thioxanthenes third generation cephalosporins thrombin inhibitors thrombolytics thyroid drugs tocolytic agents topical acne agents topical agents topical anesthetics topical anti-infectives topical antibiotics topical antifungals topical antihistamines topical antipsoriatics topical antivirals topical astringents topical debriding agents topical depigmenting agents topical emollients topical keratolytics topical steroids topical steroids with anti-infectives toxoids triazine anticonvulsants tricyclic antidepressants trifunctional monoclonal antibodies tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors tyrosine kinase inhibitors ultrasound contrast media upper respiratory combinations urea anticonvulsants urinary anti-infectives urinary antispasmodics urinary pH modifiers uterotonic agents vaccine vaccine combinations vaginal anti-infectives vaginal preparations vasodilators vasopressin antagonists vasopressors VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors viral vaccines viscosupplementation agents vitamin and mineral combinations vitamins Diagnostic Tests 1 7-Hydroxyprogesterone ACE (Angiotensin I converting enzyme) Acetaminophen Acid phosphatase ACTH Activated clotting time Activated protein C resistance Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) Albumin Aldolase Aldosterone Alkaline phosphatase Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) AlphaI-antitrypsin Alpha-fetoprotein Alpha-fetoprotien Ammonia levels Amylase ANA (antinuclear antbodies) ANA (antinuclear antibodies) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) Anion gap Anticardiolipin antibody Anticardiolipin antivbodies (ACA) Anti-centromere antibody Antidiuretic hormone Anti-DNA Anti-Dnase-B Anti-Gliadin antibody Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody Anti-HBc (Hepatitis B core antibodies Anti-HBs (Hepatitis B surface antibody Antiphospholipid antibody Anti-RNA polymerase Anti-Smith (Sm) antibodies Anti-Smooth Muscle antibody Antistreptolysin 0 (ASO) Antithrombin III Anti-Xa activity Anti-Xa assay Apolipoproteins Arsenic Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) B12 Basophil Beta-2-Microglobulin Beta-hydroxybutyrate B-HCG Bilirubin Bilirubin, direct Bilirubin, indirect Bilirubin, total Bleeding time Blood gases (arterial) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) BUN BUN (blood urea nitrogen) CA 125 CA 15-3 Calcitonin Calcium Calcium (ionized) Carbon monoxide (CO) Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) CBC CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) Ceruloplasmin CH50Chloride Cholesterol Cholesterol, HDL Clot lysis time Clot retraction time CMP CO2 Cold agglutinins Complement C3 Copper Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation test Cortisol Cortrosyn stimulation test C-peptide CPK (Total) CPK-MB C-reactive protein Creatinine Creatinine kinase (CK) Cryoglobulins DAT (Direct antiglobulin test) D-Dimer Dexamethasone suppression test D H EA-S Dilute Russell viper venom Elliptocytes Eosinophil Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Estradiol Estriol Ethanol Ethylene glycol Euglobulin lysis Factor V Leiden Factor VIII inhibitor Factor VIII level Ferritin Fibrin split products Fibrinogen Folate Folate (serum Fractional excretion of sodium (FENA) FSH (follicle stimulating factor) FTA-ABS Gamma glutamyl transferase (GOT) Gastrin GGTP (Gamma glutamyl transferase) Glucose Growth hormone Haptoglobin HBeAg (Hepatitis Be antigen) HBs-Ag (Hepatitis B surface antigen) Helicobacter pylori Hematocrit Hematocrit (HCT) Hemoglobin Hemoglobin Al C Hemoglobin electrophoresis Hepatitis A antibodies Hepatitis C antibodies IAT (Indirect antiglobulin test) Immunofixation (IFE) Iron Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Lactic acid (lactate) LDH LH (Leutinizing hormone Lipase Lupus anticoagulant Lymphocyte Magnesium MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) MCV (mean corpuscular volume) Methylmalonate Monocyte MPV (mean platelet volume) Myoglobin Neutrophil Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Phosphorus Platelets (pit) Potassium Prealbumin Prolactin Prostate specific antigen (PSA) Protein C Protein S PSA (prostate specific antigen) PT (Prothrombin time) PTT (Partial thromboplastin time) RDW (red cell distribution width) Renin Rennin Reticulocyte count reticulocytes Rheumatoid factor (RF) Sed Rate Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) Sodium T3-resin uptake (T3RU) T4, Free Thrombin time Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Thyroxine (T4) Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) Total protein Transferrin Transferrin saturation Triglyceride (TG) Troponin Uric acid Vitamin B12 White blood cells (WBC) Widal test White blood cells (WBC) Widal test | A method for providing a passivation layer or pH protective coating on a substrate surface by PECVD is provided, the method comprising generating a plasma from a gaseous reactant comprising polymerizing gases. The lubricity, passivation, pH protective, hydrophobicity, and/or barrier properties of the passivation layer or pH protective coating are set by setting the ratio of the O2 to the organosilicon precursor in the precursor feed, and/or by setting the electric power used for generating the plasma. In particular, a passivation layer or pH protective coating made by the method is provided. Pharmaceutical packages coated by the method and the use of such packages protecting composition contained in the vessel against mechanical and/or chemical effects of the surface of the package without a passivation layer or pH protective coating material are also provided.1. An article comprising: a wall having a surface; a barrier coating or layer of SiOx, wherein x is from 1.5 to 2.9, from 2 to 1000 nm thick, the barrier coating or layer of SiOx, having an interior surface facing the lumen and an outer surface facing the wall interior surface, the barrier coating or layer being effective to reduce the ingress of atmospheric gas through the wall compared to an uncoated wall; and a passivation layer or pH protective coating of SiOxCy or SiNxCy wherein x is from about 0.5 to about 2.4 and y is from about 0.6 to about 3, on the barrier coating or layer, the passivation layer or pH protective coating being formed by chemical vapor deposition of a precursor selected from a linear siloxane, a monocyclic siloxane, a polycyclic siloxane, a polysilsesquioxane, a linear silazane, a monocyclic silazane, a polycyclic silazane, a polysilsesquiazane, a silatrane, a silquasilatrane, a silproatrane, an azasilatrane, an azasilquasiatrane, an azasilproatrane, or a combination of any two or more of these precursors; in which the rate of erosion of the passivation layer or pH protective coating, if directly contacted by a fluid composition having a pH at some point between 5 and 9, is less than the rate of erosion of the barrier coating or layer, if directly contacted by the fluid composition. 2. A vessel comprising: a thermoplastic wall having an interior surface enclosing a lumen; a fluid contained in the lumen having a pH greater than 5 disposed in the lumen; a barrier coating or layer of SiOx, in which x is between 1.5 and 2.9, the barrier coating or layer applied by PECVD, positioned between the interior surface of the thermoplastic wall and the fluid, and supported by the thermoplastic wall, the barrier coating or layer having the characteristic of being subject to being measurably diminished in barrier improvement factor in less than six months as a result of attack by the fluid; and a passivation layer or pH protective coating of SiOxCy, in which x is between 0.5 and 2.4 and y is between 0.6 and 3, the passivation layer or pH protective coating applied by PECVD, positioned between the barrier coating or layer and the fluid, and supported by the thermoplastic wall, the passivation layer or pH protective coating being effective to keep the barrier coating or layer at least substantially undissolved as a result of attack by the fluid for a period of at least six months. 3. The vessel of claim 2, in which at least a portion of the wall of the vessel comprises or consists essentially of a polyolefin, a cyclic olefin polymer, a cyclic olefin copolymer, a polyester, a polycarbonate, polylactic acid, or a combination or copolymer of these. 4. The vessel of claim 2, in which the vessel comprises a syringe barrel, a cartridge, a vial, or a blister package. 5. The vessel of claim 2, in which the fluid composition has a pH up to 9. 6. The vessel of claim 2, in which the rate of erosion of the passivation layer or pH protective coating, if directly contacted by a fluid composition having a pH of 8, is less than 20% of the rate of erosion of the barrier coating or layer, if directly contacted by the same fluid composition under the same conditions. 7. The vessel of claim 2, having a minimum shelf life, after the vessel is assembled, of at least two years. 8. The vessel of claim 7, having a shelf life of up to ten years. 9. The vessel of claim 8, in which the shelf life is determined at 20° C. 10. The vessel of claim 2, in which the fluid composition removes the passivation layer or pH protective coating at a rate of 1 nm or less of passivation layer or pH protective coating thickness per 44 hours of contact. 11. The vessel of claim 2, in which the silicon dissolution rate by a 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer diluted in water for injection, adjusted to pH 8 with concentrated nitric acid, and containing 0.2 wt. % polysorbate-80 surfactant from the vessel is less than 170 ppb/day. 12. The vessel of claim 2, in which the calculated shelf life (total Si/Si dissolution rate) is more than 1 year and less than 5 years . 13. The vessel of claim 2, wherein said fluid composition comprises a drug. 14. The vessel of claim 2, in which the fluid composition comprises a member selected from the group consisting of:
Inhalation Anesthetics Aliflurane Chloroform Cyclopropane Desflurane (Suprane) Diethyl Ether Enflurane (Ethrane) Ethyl Chloride Ethylene Halothane (Fluothane) Isoflurane (Forane, Isoflo) Isopropenyl vinyl ether Methoxyflurane methoxyflurane, Methoxypropane Nitrous Oxide Roflurane Sevoflurane (Sevorane, Ultane, Sevoflo) Teflurane Trichloroethylene Vinyl Ether Xenon Injectable Drugs Ablavar (Gadofosveset Trisodium Injection) Abarelix Depot Abobotulinumtoxin A Injection (Dysport) ABT-263 ABT-869 ABX-EFG Accretropin (Somatropin Injection) Acetadote (Acetylcysteine Injection) Acetazolamide Injection (Acetazolamide Injection) Acetylcysteine Injection (Acetadote) Actemra (Tocilizumab Injection) Acthrel (Corticorelin Ovine Triflutate for Injection) Actummune Activase Acyclovir for Injection (Zovirax Injection) Adacel Adalimumab Adenoscan (Adenosine Injection) Adenosine Injection (Adenoscan) Adrenaclick AdreView (lobenguane 1123 Injection for Intravenous Use) Afluria Ak-Fluor (Fluorescein Injection) Aldurazyme (Laronidase) Alglucerase Injection (Ceredase) Alkeran Injection (Melphalan Hcl Injection) Allopurinol Sodium for Injection (Aloprim) Aloprim (Allopurinol Sodium for Injection) Alprostadil Alsuma (Sumatriptan Injection) ALTU-238 Amino Acid Injections Aminosyn Apidra Apremilast Alprostadil Dual Chamber System for Injection (Caverject Impulse) AMG 009 AMG 076 AMG 102 AMG 108 AMG 114 AMG 162 AMG 220 AMG 221 AMG 222 AMG 223 AMG 317 AMG 379 AMG 386 AMG 403 AMG 477 AMG 479 AMG 517 AMG 531 AMG 557 AMG 623 AMG 655 AMG 706 AMG 714 AMG 745 AMG 785 AMG 811 AMG 827 AMG 837 AMG 853 AMG 951 Amiodarone HCl Injection (Amiodarone HCl Injection) Amobarbital Sodium Injection (Amytal Sodium) Amytal Sodium (Amobarbital Sodium Injection) Anakinra Anti-Abeta Anti-Beta7 Anti-Beta20 Anti-CD4 Anti-CD20 Anti-CD40 Anti-IFNalpha Anti-IL13 Anti-OX40L Anti-oxLDS Anti-NGF Anti-NRP1 Arixtra Amphadase (Hyaluronidase Inj) Ammonul (Sodium Phenylacetate and Sodium Benzoate Injection) Anaprox Anzemet Injection (Dolasetron Mesylate Injection) Apidra (Insulin Glulisine [rDNA origin] Inj) Apomab Aranesp (darbepoetin alfa) Argatroban (Argatroban Injection) Arginine Hydrochloride Injection (R-Gene 10) Aristocort Aristospan Arsenic Trioxide Injection (Trisenox) Articane HCl and Epinephrine Injection (Septocaine) Arzerra (Ofatumumab Injection) Asclera (Polidocanol Injection) Ataluren Ataluren-DMD Atenolol Inj (Tenormin I.V. Injection) Atracurium Besylate Injection (Atracurium Besylate Injection) Avastin Azactam Injection (Aztreonam Injection) Azithromycin (Zithromax Injection) Aztreonam Injection (Azactam Injection) Baclofen Injection (Lioresal Intrathecal) Bacteriostatic Water (Bacteriostatic Water for Injection) Baclofen Injection (Lioresal Intrathecal) Bal in Oil Ampules (Dimercarprol Injection) BayHepB BayTet Benadryl Bendamustine Hydrochloride Injection (Treanda) Benztropine Mesylate Injection (Cogentin) Betamethasone Injectable Suspension (Celestone Soluspan) Bexxar Bicillin C-R 900/300 (Penicillin G Benzathine and Penicillin G Procaine Injection) Blenoxane (Bleomycin Sulfate Injection) Bleomycin Sulfate Injection (Blenoxane) Boniva Injection (Ibandronate Sodium Injection) Botox Cosmetic (OnabotulinumtoxinA for Injection) BR3-FC Bravelle (Urofollitropin Injection) Bretylium (Bretylium Tosylate Injection) Brevital Sodium (Methohexital Sodium for Injection) Brethine Briobacept BTT-1 023 Bupivacaine HCl Byetta Ca-DTPA (Pentetate Calcium Trisodium Inj) Cabazitaxel Injection (Jevtana) Caffeine Alkaloid (Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate Injection) Calcijex Injection (Calcitrol) Calcitrol (Calcijex Injection) Calcium Chloride (Calcium Chloride Injection 10%) Calcium Disodium Versenate (Edetate Calcium Disodium Injection) Campath (Altemtuzumab) Camptosar Injection (Irinotecan Hydrochloride) Canakinumab Injection (Ilaris) Capastat Sulfate (Capreomycin for Injection) Capreomycin for Injection (Capastat Sulfate) Cardiolite (Prep kit for Technetium Tc99 Sestamibi for Injection) Carticel Cathflo Cefazolin and Dextrose for Injection (Cefazolin Injection) Cefepime Hydrochloride Cefotaxime Ceftriaxone Cerezyme Carnitor Injection Caverject Celestone Soluspan Celsior Cerebyx (Fosphenytoin Sodium Injection) Ceredase (Alglucerase Injection) Ceretec (Technetium Tc99m Exametazime Injection) Certolizumab CF-1 01 Chloramphenicol Sodium Succinate (Chloramphenicol Sodium Succinate Injection) Chloramphenicol Sodium Succinate Injection (Chloramphenicol Sodium Succinate) Cholestagel (Colesevelam HCL) Choriogonadotropin Alfa Injection (Ovidrel) Cimzia Cisplatin (Cisplatin Injection) Clolar (Clofarabine Injection) Clomiphine Citrate Clonidine Injection (Duraclon) Cogentin (Benztropine Mesylate Injection) Colistimethate Injection (Coly-Mycin M) Coly-Mycin M (Colistimethate Injection) Compath Conivaptan Hcl Injection (Vaprisol) Conjugated Estrogens for Injection (Premarin Injection) Copaxone Corticorelin Ovine Triflutate for Injection (Acthrel) Corvert (Ibutilide Fumarate Injection) Cubicin (Daptomycin Injection) CF-1 01 Cyanokit (Hydroxocobalamin for Injection) Cytarabine Liposome Injection (DepoCyt) Cyanocobalamin Cytovene (ganciclovir) D. H. E. 45 Dacetuzumab Dacogen (Decitabine Injection) Dalteparin Dantrium IV (Dantrolene Sodium for Injection) Dantrolene Sodium for Injection (Dantrium IV) Daptomycin Injection (Cubicin) Darbepoietin Alfa DDAVP Injection (Desmopressin Acetate Injection) Decavax Decitabine Injection (Dacogen) Dehydrated Alcohol (Dehydrated Alcohol Injection) Denosumab Injection (Prolia) Delatestryl Delestrogen Delteparin Sodium Depacon (Valproate Sodium Injection) Depo Medrol (Methylprednisolone Acetate Injectable Suspension) DepoCyt (Cytarabine Liposome Injection) DepoDur (Morphine Sulfate XR Liposome Injection) Desmopressin Acetate Injection (DDAVP Injection) Depo-Estradiol Depo-Provera 104 mg/ml Depo-Provera 150 mg/ml Depo-Testosterone Dexrazoxane for Injection, Intravenous Infusion Only (Totect) Dextrose/Electrolytes Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Inj (Dextrose 5% in 0.9% Sodium Chloride) Dextrose Diazepam Injection (Diazepam Injection) Digoxin Injection (Lanoxin Injection) Dilaudid-HP (Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection) Dimercarprol Injection (BaI in Oil Ampules) Diphenhydramine Injection (Benadryl Injection) Dipyridamole Injection (Dipyridamole Injection) DMOAD Docetaxel for Injection (Taxotere) Dolasetron Mesylate Injection (Anzemet Injection) Doribax (Doripenem for Injection) Doripenem for Injection (Doribax) Doxercalciferol Injection (Hectorol Injection) Doxil (Doxorubicin Hcl Liposome Injection) Doxorubicin Hcl Liposome Injection (Doxil) Duraclon (Clonidine Injection) Duramorph (Morphine Injection) Dysport (Abobotulinumtoxin A Injection) Ecallantide Injection (Kalbitor) EC-Naprosyn (naproxen) Edetate Calcium Disodium Injection (Calcium Disodium Versenate) Edex (Alprostadil for Injection) Engerix Edrophonium Injection (Enlon) Eliglustat Tartate Eloxatin (Oxaliplatin Injection) Emend Injection (Fosaprepitant Dimeglumine Injection) Enalaprilat Injection (Enalaprilat Injection) Enlon (Edrophonium Injection) Enoxaparin Sodium Injection (Lovenox) Eovist (Gadoxetate Disodium Injection) Enbrel (etanercept) Enoxaparin Epicel Epinepherine Epipen Epipen Jr. Epratuzumab Erbitux Ertapenem Injection (Invanz) Erythropoieten Essential Amino Acid Injection (Nephramine) Estradiol Cypionate Estradiol Valerate Etanercept Exenatide Injection (Byetta) Evlotra Fabrazyme (Adalsidase beta) Famotidine Injection FDG (Fludeoxyglucose F 18 Injection) Feraheme (Ferumoxytol Injection) Feridex I.V. (Ferumoxides Injectable Solution) Fertinex Ferumoxides Injectable Solution (Feridex I.V.) Ferumoxytol Injection (Feraheme) Flagyl Injection (Metronidazole Injection) Fluarix Fludara (Fludarabine Phosphate) Fludeoxyglucose F 18 Injection (FDG) Fluorescein Injection (Ak-Fluor) Follistim AQ Cartridge (Follitropin Beta Injection) Follitropin Alfa Injection (Gonal-f RFF) Follitropin Beta Injection (Follistim AQ Cartridge) Folotyn (Pralatrexate Solution for Intravenous Injection) Fondaparinux Forteo (Teriparatide (rDNA origin) Injection) Fostamatinib Fosaprepitant Dimeglumine Injection (Emend Injection) Foscarnet Sodium Injection (Foscavir) Foscavir (Foscarnet Sodium Injection) Fosphenytoin Sodium Injection (Cerebyx) Fospropofol Disodium Injection (Lusedra) Fragmin Fuzeon (enfuvirtide) GA101 Gadobenate Dimeglumine Injection (Multihance) Gadofosveset Trisodium Injection (Ablavar) Gadoteridol Injection Solution (ProHance) Gadoversetamide Injection (OptiMARK) Gadoxetate Disodium Injection (Eovist) Ganirelix (Ganirelix Acetate Injection) Gardasil GC1 008 GDFD Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin for Injection (Mylotarg) Genotropin Gentamicin Injection GENZ-1 12638 Golimumab Injection (Simponi Injection) tonal-f RFF (Follitropin Alfa Injection) Granisetron Hydrochloride (Kytril Injection) Gentamicin Sulfate Glatiramer Acetate Glucagen Glucagon HAE1 Haldol (Haloperidol Injection) Havrix Hectorol Injection (Doxercalciferol Injection) Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitor Heparin Herceptin hG-CSF Humalog Human Growth Hormone Humatrope HuMax Humegon Humira Humulin Ibandronate Sodium Injection (Boniva Injection) Ibuprofen Lysine Injection (NeoProfen) Ibutilide Fumarate Injection (Corvert) Idamycin PFS (Idarubicin Hydrochloride Injection) Idarubicin Hydrochloride Injection (Idamycin PFS) Ilaris (Canakinumab Injection) Imipenem and Cilastatin for Injection (Primaxin I.V.) Imitrex Incobotulinumtoxin A for Injection (Xeomin) Increlex (Mecasermin [rDNA origin] Injection) Indocin IV (Indomethacin Inj) Indomethacin Inj (Indocin IV) Infanrix Innohep Insulin Insulin Aspart [rDNA origin] Inj (NovoLog) Insulin Glargine [rDNA origin] Injection (Lantus) Insulin Glulisine [rDNA origin] Inj (Apidra) Interferon alfa-2b, Recombinant for Injection (Intron A) Intron A (Interferon alfa-2b, Recombinant for Injection) Invanz (Ertapenem Injection) Invega Sustenna (Paliperidone Palmitate Extended-Release Injectable Suspension) Invirase (saquinavir mesylate) Iobenguane 1123 Injection for Intravenous Use (AdreView) Iopromide Injection (Ultravist) Ioversol Injection (Optiray Injection) Iplex (Mecasermin Rinfabate [rDNA origin] Injection) Iprivask Irinotecan Hydrochloride (Camptosar Injection) Iron Sucrose Injection (Venofer) Istodax (Romidepsin for Injection) Itraconazole Injection (Sporanox Injection) Jevtana (Cabazitaxel Injection) Jonexa Kalbitor (Ecallantide Injection) KCL in D5NS (Potassium Chloride in 5% Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injection) KCL in D5W KCL in NS Kenalog 10 Injection (Triamcinolone Acetonide Injectable Suspension) Kepivance (Palifermin) Keppra Injection (Levetiracetam) Keratinocyte KFG Kinase Inhibitor Kineret (Anakinra) Kinlytic (Urokinase Injection) Kinrix Klonopin (clonazepam) Kytril Injection (Granisetron Hydrochloride) lacosamide Tablet and Injection (Vimpat) Lactated Ringer's Lanoxin Injection (Digoxin Injection) Lansoprazole for Injection (Prevacid I.V.) Lantus Leucovorin Calcium (Leucovorin Calcium Injection) Lente (L) Leptin Levemir Leukine Sargramostim Leuprolide Acetate Levothyroxine Levetiracetam (Keppra Injection) Lovenox Levocarnitine Injection (Carnitor Injection) Lexiscan (Regadenoson Injection) Lioresal Intrathecal (Baclofen Injection) [rDNA] Injection (Victoza) Lovenox (Enoxaparin Sodium Injection) Lucentis (Ranibizumab Injection) Lumizyme Lupron (Leuprolide Acetate Injection) Lusedra (Fospropofol Disodium Injection) Maci Magnesium Sulfate (Magnesium Sulfate Injection) Mannitol Injection (Mannitol IV) Marcaine (Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection) Maxipime (Cefepime Hydrochloride for Injection) MDP Multidose Kit of Technetium Injection (Technetium Tc99m Medronate Injection) Mecasermin [rDNA origin] Injection (Increlex) Mecasermin Rinfabate [rDNA origin] Injection (Iplex) Melphalan Hcl Injection (Alkeran Injection) Methotrexate Menactra Menopur (Menotropins Injection) Menotropins for Injection (Repronex) Methohexital Sodium for Injection (Brevital Sodium) Methyldopate Hydrochloride Injection, Solution (Methyldopate Hcl) Methylene Blue (Methylene Blue Injection) Methylprednisolone Acetate Injectable Suspension (Depo Medrol) MetMab Metoclopramide Injection (Reglan Injection) Metrodin (Urofollitropin for Injection) Metronidazole Injection (Flagyl Injection) Miacalcin Midazolam (Midazolam Injection) Mimpara (Cinacalet) Minocin Injection (Minocycline Inj) Minocycline Inj (Minocin Injection) Mipomersen Mitoxantrone for Injection Concentrate (Novantrone) Morphine Injection (Duramorph) Morphine Sulfate XR Liposome Injection (DepoDur) Morrhuate Sodium (Morrhuate Sodium Injection) Motesanib Mozobil (Plerixafor Injection) Multihance (Gadobenate Dimeglumine Injection) Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection Multiple Electrolytes Injection Mylotarg (Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin for Injection) Myozyme (Alglucosidase alfa) Nafcillin Injection (Nafcillin Sodium) Nafcillin Sodium (Nafcillin Injection) Naltrexone XR Inj (Vivitrol) Naprosyn (naproxen) NeoProfen (Ibuprofen Lysine Injection) Nandrol Decanoate Neostigmine Methylsulfate (Neostigmine Methylsulfate Injection) NEO-GAA NeoTect (Technetium Tc 99m Depreotide Injection) Nephramine (Essential Amino Acid Injection) Neulasta (pegfilgrastim) Neupogen (Filgrastim) Novolin Novolog NeoRecormon Neutrexin (Trimetrexate Glucuronate Inj) NPH (N) Nexterone (Amiodarone HCl Injection) Norditropin (Somatropin Injection) Normal Saline (Sodium Chloride Injection) Novantrone (Mitoxantrone for Injection Concentrate) Novolin 70/30 Innolet (70% NPH, Human Insulin Isophane Suspension and 30% Regular, Human Insulin Injection) NovoLog (Insulin Aspart [rDNA origin] Inj) Nplate (romiplostim) Nutropin (Somatropin (rDNA origin) for Inj) Nutropin AQ Nutropin Depot (Somatropin (rDNA origin) for Inj) Octreotide Acetate Injection (Sandostatin LAR) Ocrelizumab Ofatumumab Injection (Arzerra) Olanzapine Extended Release Injectable Suspension (Zyprexa Relprevv) Omnitarg Omnitrope (Somatropin [ rDNA origin] Injection) Ondansetron Hydrochloride Injection (Zofran Injection) OptiMARK (Gadoversetamide Injection) Optiray Injection (Ioversol Injection) Orencia Osmitrol Injection in Aviva (Mannitol Injection in Aviva Plastic Vessel) Osmitrol Injection in Viaflex (Mannitol Injection in Viaflex Plastic Vessel) Osteoprotegrin Ovidrel (Choriogonadotropin Alfa Injection) Oxacillin (Oxacillin for Injection) Oxaliplatin Injection (Eloxatin) Oxytocin Injection (Pitocin) Paliperidone Palmitate Extended-Release Injectable Suspension (Invega Sustenna) Pamidronate Disodium Injection (Pamidronate Disodium Injection) Panitumumab Injection for Intravenous Use (Vectibix) Papaverine Hydrochloride Injection (Papaverine Injection) Papaverine Injection (Papaverine Hydrochloride Injection) Parathyroid Hormone Paricalcitol Injection Fliptop Vial (Zemplar Injection) PARP Inhibitor Pediarix PEGIntron Peginterferon Pegfilgrastim Penicillin G Benzathine and Penicillin G Procaine Pentetate Calcium Trisodium Inj (Ca-DTPA) Pentetate Zinc Trisodium Injection (Zn-DTPA) Pepcid Injection (Famotidine Injection) Pergonal Pertuzumab Phentolamine Mesylate (Phentolamine Mesylate for Injection) Physostigmine Salicylate (Physostigmine Salicylate (injection)) Physostigmine Salicylate (injection) (Physostigmine Salicylate) Piperacillin and Tazobactam Injection (Zosyn) Pitocin (Oxytocin Injection) Plasma-Lyte 148 (Multiple Electrolytes Inj) Plasma-Lyte 56 and Dextrose (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection in Viaflex Plastic Vessel) PlasmaLyte Plerixafor Injection (Mozobil) Polidocanol Injection (Asclera) Potassium Chloride Pralatrexate Solution for Intravenous Injection (Folotyn) Pramlintide Acetate Injection (Symlin) Premarin Injection (Conjugated Estrogens for Injection) Prep kit for Technetium Tc99 Sestamibi for Injection (Cardiolite) Prevacid I.V. (Lansoprazole for Injection) Primaxin I.V. (Imipenem and Cilastatin for Injection) Prochymal Procrit Progesterone ProHance (Gadoteridol Injection Solution) Prolia (Denosumab Injection) Promethazine HCl Injection (Promethazine Hydrochloride Injection) Propranolol Hydrochloride Injection (Propranolol Hydrochloride Injection) Quinidine Gluconate Injection (Quinidine Injection) Quinidine Injection (Quinidine Gluconate Injection) R-Gene 10 (Arginine Hydrochloride Injection) Ranibizumab Injection (Lucentis) Ranitidine Hydrochloride Injection (Zantac Injection) Raptiva Reclast (Zoledronic Acid Injection) Recombivarix HB Regadenoson Injection (Lexiscan) Reglan Injection (Metoclopramide Injection) Remicade Renagel Renvela (Sevelamer Carbonate) Repronex (Menotropins for Injection) Retrovir IV (Zidovudine Injection) rhApo2L/TRAIL Ringer's and 5% Dextrose Injection (Ringers in Dextrose) Ringer's Injection (Ringers Injection) Rituxan Rituximab Rocephin (ceftriaxone) Rocuronium Bromide Injection (Zemuron) Roferon-A (interferon alfa-2a) Romazicon (flumazenil) Romidepsin for Injection (Istodax) Saizen (Somatropin Injection) Sandostatin LAR (Octreotide Acetate Injection) Sclerostin Ab Sensipar (cinacalcet) Sensorcaine (Bupivacaine HCl Injections) Septocaine (Articane HCl and Epinephrine Injection) Serostim LQ (Somatropin (rDNA origin) Injection) Simponi Injection (Golimumab Injection) Sodium Acetate (Sodium Acetate Injection) Sodium Bicarbonate (Sodium Bicarbonate 5% Injection) Sodium Lactate (Sodium Lactate Injection in AVIVA) Sodium Phenylacetate and Sodium Benzoate Injection (Ammonul) Somatropin (rDNA origin) for Inj (Nutropin) Sporanox Injection (Itraconazole Injection) Stelara Injection (Ustekinumab) Stemgen Sufenta (Sufentanil Citrate Injection) Sufentanil Citrate Injection (Sufenta) Sumavel Sumatriptan Injection (Alsuma) Symlin Symlin Pen Systemic Hedgehog Antagonist Synvisc-One (Hylan G-F 20 Single Intra-articular Injection) Tarceva Taxotere (Docetaxel for Injection) Technetium Tc 99m Telavancin for Injection (Vibativ) Temsirolimus Injection (Torisel) Tenormin I.V. Injection (Atenolol Inj) Teriparatide (rDNA origin) Injection (Forteo) Testosterone Cypionate Testosterone Enanthate Testosterone Propionate Tev-Tropin (Somatropin, rDNA Origin, for Injection) tgAAC94 Thallous Chloride Theophylline Thiotepa (Thiotepa Injection) Thymoglobulin (Anti-Thymocyte Globulin (Rabbit) Thyrogen (Thyrotropin Alfa for Injection) Ticarcillin Disodium and Clavulanate Potassium Galaxy (Timentin Injection) Tigan Injection (Trimethobenzamide Hydrochloride Injectable) Timentin Injection (Ticarcillin Disodium and Clavulanate Potassium Galaxy) TNKase Tobramycin Injection (Tobramycin Injection) Tocilizumab Injection (Actemra) Torisel (Temsirolimus Injection) Totect (Dexrazoxane for Injection, Intravenous Infusion Only) Trastuzumab-DM1 Travasol (Amino Acids (Injection)) Treanda (Bendamustine Hydrochloride Injection) Trelstar (Triptorelin Pamoate for Injectable Suspension) Triamcinolone Acetonide Triamcinolone Diacetate Triamcinolone Hexacetonide Injectable Suspension (Aristospan Injection 20 mg) Triesence (Triamcinolone Acetonide Injectable Suspension) Trimethobenzamide Hydrochloride Injectable (Tigan Injection) Trimetrexate Glucuronate Inj (Neutrexin) Triptorelin Pamoate for Injectable Suspension (Trelstar) Twinject Trivaris (Triamcinolone Acetonide Injectable Suspension) Trisenox (Arsenic Trioxide Injection) Twinrix Typhoid Vi Ultravist (Iopromide Injection) Urofollitropin for Injection (Metrodin) Urokinase Injection (Kinlytic) Ustekinumab (Stelara Injection) Ultralente (U) Valium (diazepam) Valproate Sodium Injection (Depacon) Valtropin (Somatropin Injection) Vancomycin Hydrochloride (Vancomycin Hydrochloride Injection) Vancomycin Hydrochloride Injection (Vancomycin Hydrochloride) Vaprisol (Conivaptan Hcl Injection) VAQTA Vasovist (Gadofosveset Trisodium Injection for Intravenous Use) Vectibix (Panitumumab Injection for Intravenous Use) Venofer (Iron Sucrose Injection) Verteporfin Inj (Visudyne) Vibativ (Telavancin for Injection) Victoza (Liraglutide [rDNA] Injection) Vimpat (lacosamide Tablet and Injection) Vinblastine Sulfate (Vinblastine Sulfate Injection) Vincasar PFS (Vincristine Sulfate Injection) Victoza Vincristine Sulfate (Vincristine Sulfate Injection) Visudyne (Verteporfin Inj) Vitamin B-12 Vivitrol (Naltrexone XR Inj) Voluven (Hydroxyethyl Starch in Sodium Chloride Injection) Xeloda Xenical (orlistat) Xeomin (Incobotulinumtoxin A for Injection) Xolair Zantac Injection (Ranitidine Hydrochloride Injection) Zemplar Injection (Paricalcitol Injection Fliptop Vial) Zemuron (Rocuronium Bromide Injection) Zenapax (daclizumab) Zevalin Zidovudine Injection (Retrovir IV) Zithromax Injection (Azithromycin) Zn-DTPA (Pentetate Zinc Trisodium Injection) Zofran Injection (Ondansetron Hydrochloride Injection) Zingo Zoledronic Acid for Inj (Zometa) Zoledronic Acid Injection (Reclast) Zometa (Zoledronic Acid for Inj) Zosyn (Piperacillin and Tazobactam Injection) Zyprexa Relprevv (Olanzapine Extended Release Injectable Suspension) Liquid Drugs (Non-Injectable) Abilify AccuNeb (Albuterol Sulfate Inhalation Solution) Actidose Aqua (Activated Charcoal Suspension) Activated Charcoal Suspension (Actidose Aqua) Advair Agenerase Oral Solution (Amprenavir Oral Solution) Akten (Lidocaine Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Gel) Alamast (Pemirolast Potassium Ophthalmic Solution) Albumin (Human) 5% Solution (Buminate 5%) Albuterol Sulfate Inhalation Solution Alinia Alocril Alphagan Alrex Alvesco Amprenavir Oral Solution Analpram-HC Arformoterol Tartrate Inhalation Solution (Brovana) Aristospan Injection 20 mg (Triamcinolone Hexacetonide Injectable Suspension) Asacol Asmanex Astepro Astepro (Azelastine Hydrochloride Nasal Spray) Atrovent Nasal Spray (Ipratropium Bromide Nasal Spray) Atrovent Nasal Spray 0.06 Augmentin ES-600 Azasite (Azithromycin Ophthalmic Solution) Azelaic Acid (Finacea Gel) Azelastine Hydrochloride Nasal Spray (Astepro) Azelex (Azelaic Acid Cream) Azopt (Brinzolamide Ophthalmic Suspension) Bacteriostatic Saline Balanced Salt Bepotastine Bactroban Nasal Bactroban Beclovent Benzac W Betimol Betoptic S Bepreve Bimatoprost Ophthalmic Solution Bleph 10 (Sulfacetamide Sodium Ophthalmic Solution 10%) Brinzolamide Ophthalmic Suspension (Azopt) Bromfenac Ophthalmic Solution (Xibrom) Bromhist Brovana (Arformoterol Tartrate Inhalation Solution) Budesonide Inhalation Suspension (Pulmicort Respules) Cambia (Diclofenac Potassium for Oral Solution) Capex Carac Carboxine-PSE Carnitor Cayston (Aztreonam for Inhalation Solution) Cellcept Centany Cerumenex Ciloxan Ophthalmic Solution (Ciprofloxacin HCL Ophthalmic Solution) Ciprodex Ciprofloxacin HCL Ophthalmic Solution (Ciloxan Ophthalmic Solution) Clemastine Fumarate Syrup (Clemastine Fumarate Syrup) CoLyte (PEG Electrolytes Solution) Combiven Comtan Condylox Cordran Cortisporin Ophthalmic Suspension Cortisporin Otic Suspension Cromolyn Sodium Inhalation Solution (Intal Nebulizer Solution) Cromolyn Sodium Ophthalmic Solution (Opticrom) Crystalline Amino Acid Solution with Electrolytes (Aminosyn Electrolytes) Cutivate Cuvposa (Glycopyrrolate Oral Solution) Cyanocobalamin (CaloMist Nasal Spray) Cyclosporine Oral Solution (Gengraf Oral Solution) Cyclogyl Cysview (Hexaminolevulinate Hydrochloride Intravesical Solution) DermOtic Oil (Fluocinolone Acetonide Oil Ear Drops) Desmopressin Acetate Nasal Spray DDAVP Derma-Smoothe/FS Dexamethasone Intensol Dianeal Low Calcium Dianeal PD Diclofenac Potassium for Oral Solution (Cambia) Didanosine Pediatric Powder for Oral Solution (Videx) Differin Dilantin 125 (Phenytoin Oral Suspension) Ditropan Dorzolamide Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution (Trusopt) Dorzolamide Hydrochloride-Timolol Maleate Ophthalmic Solution (Cosopt) Dovonex Scalp (Calcipotriene Solution) Doxycycline Calcium Oral Suspension (Vibramycin Oral) Efudex Elaprase (Idursulfase Solution) Elestat (Epinastine HCl Ophthalmic Solution) Elocon Epinastine HCl Ophthalmic Solution (Elestat) Epivir HBV Epogen (Epoetin alfa) Erythromycin Topical Solution 1.5% (Staticin) Ethiodol (Ethiodized Oil) Ethosuximide Oral Solution (Zarontin Oral Solution) Eurax Extraneal (Icodextrin Peritoneal Dialysis Solution) Felbatol Feridex I.V. (Ferumoxides Injectable Solution) Flovent Floxin Otic (Ofloxacin Otic Solution) Flo-Pred (Prednisolone Acetate Oral Suspension) Fluoroplex Flunisolide Nasal Solution (Flunisolide Nasal Spray 0.025%) Fluorometholone Ophthalmic Suspension (FML) Flurbiprofen Sodium Ophthalmic Solution (Ocufen) FML Foradil Formoterol Fumarate Inhalation Solution (Perforomist) Fosamax Furadantin (Nitrofurantoin Oral Suspension) Furoxone Gammagard Liquid (Immune Globulin Intravenous (Human) 10%) Gantrisin (Acetyl Sulfisoxazole Pediatric Suspension) Gatifloxacin Ophthalmic Solution (Zymar) Gengraf Oral Solution (Cyclosporine Oral Solution) Glycopyrrolate Oral Solution (Cuvposa) Halcinonide Topical Solution (Halog Solution) Halog Solution (Halcinonide Topical Solution) HEP-LOCK U/P (Preservative-Free Heparin Lock Flush Solution) Heparin Lock Flush Solution (Hepflush 10) Hexaminolevulinate Hydrochloride Intravesical Solution (Cysview) Hydrocodone Bitartrate and Acetaminophen Oral Solution (Lortab Elixir) Hydroquinone 3% Topical Solution (Melquin-3 Topical Solution) IAP Antagonist Isopto Ipratropium Bromide Nasal Spray (Atrovent Nasal Spray) Itraconazole Oral Solution (Sporanox Oral Solution) Ketorolac Tromethamine Ophthalmic Solution (Acular LS) Kaletra Lanoxin Lexiva Leuprolide Acetate for Depot Suspension (Lupron Depot 1 1 .25 mg) Levobetaxolol Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Suspension (Betaxon) Levocarnitine Tablets, Oral Solution, Sugar-Free (Carnitor) Levofloxacin Ophthalmic Solution 0.5% (Quixin) Lidocaine HCl Sterile Solution (Xylocaine MPF Sterile Solution) Lok Pak (Heparin Lock Flush Solution) Lorazepam Intensol Lortab Elixir (Hydrocodone Bitartrate and Acetaminophen Oral Solution) Lotemax (Loteprednol Etabonate Ophthalmic Suspension) Loteprednol Etabonate Ophthalmic Suspension (Alrex) Low Calcium Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions (Dianeal Low Calcium) Lumigan (Bimatoprost Ophthalmic Solution 0.03% for Glaucoma) Lupron Depot 11.25 mg (Leuprolide Acetate for Depot Suspension) Megestrol Acetate Oral Suspension (Megestrol Acetate Oral Suspension) MEK Inhibitor Mepron Mesnex Mestinon Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema (Rowasa) Melquin-3 Topical Solution (Hydroquinone 3% Topical Solution) MetMab Methyldopate Hcl (Methyldopate Hydrochloride Injection, Solution) Methylin Oral Solution (Methylphenidate HCl Oral Solution 5 mg/5 mL and 10 mg/5 mL) Methylprednisolone Acetate Injectable Suspension (Depo Medrol) Methylphenidate HCl Oral Solution 5 mg/5 mL and 10 mg/5 mL (Methylin Oral Solution) Methylprednisolone sodium succinate (Solu Medrol) Metipranolol Ophthalmic Solution (Optipranolol) Migranal Miochol-E (Acetylcholine Chloride Intraocular Solution) Micro-K for Liquid Suspension (Potassium Chloride Extended Release Formulation for Liquid Suspension) Minocin (Minocycline Hydrochloride Oral Suspension) Nasacort Neomycin and Polymyxin B Sulfates and Hydrocortisone Nepafenac Ophthalmic Suspension (Nevanac) Nevanac (Nepafenac Ophthalmic Suspension) Nitrofurantoin Oral Suspension (Furadantin) Noxafil (Posaconazole Oral Suspension) Nystatin (oral) (Nystatin Oral Suspension) Nystatin Oral Suspension (Nystatin (oral)) Ocufen (Flurbiprofen Sodium Ophthalmic Solution) Ofloxacin Ophthalmic Solution (Ofloxacin Ophthalmic Solution) Ofloxacin Otic Solution (Floxin Otic) Olopatadine Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution (Pataday) Opticrom (Cromolyn Sodium Ophthalmic Solution) Optipranolol (Metipranolol Ophthalmic Solution) Patanol Pediapred PerioGard Phenytoin Oral Suspension (Dilantin 125) Phisohex Posaconazole Oral Suspension (Noxafil) Potassium Chloride Extended Release Formulation for Liquid Suspension (Micro-K for Liquid Suspension) Pataday (Olopatadine Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution) Patanase Nasal Spray (Olopatadine Hydrochloride Nasal Spray) PEG Electrolytes Solution (CoLyte) Pemirolast Potassium Ophthalmic Solution (Alamast) Penlac (Ciclopirox Topical Solution) PENNSAID (Diclofenac Sodium Topical Solution) Perforomist (Formoterol Fumarate Inhalation Solution) Peritoneal Dialysis Solution Phenylephrine Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution (Neo-Synephrine) Phospholine Iodide (Echothiophate Iodide for Ophthalmic Solution) Podofilox (Podofilox Topical Solution) Pred Forte (Prednisolone Acetate Ophthalmic Suspension) Pralatrexate Solution for Intravenous Injection (Folotyn) Pred Mild Prednisone Intensol Prednisolone Acetate Ophthalmic Suspension (Pred Forte) Prevacid PrismaSol Solution (Sterile Hemofiltration Hemodiafiltration Solution) ProAir Proglycem ProHance (Gadoteridol Injection Solution) Proparacaine Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution (Alcaine) Propine Pulmicort Pulmozyme Quixin (Levofloxacin Ophthalmic Solution 0.5%) QVAR Rapamune Rebetol Relacon-HC Rotarix (Rotavirus Vaccine, Live, Oral Suspension) Rotavirus Vaccine, Live, Oral Suspension (Rotarix) Rowasa (Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema) Sabril (Vigabatrin Oral Solution) Sacrosidase Oral Solution (Sucraid) Sandimmune Sepra Serevent Diskus Solu Cortef (Hydrocortisone Sodium Succinate) Solu Medrol (Methylprednisolone sodium succinate) Spiriva Sporanox Oral Solution (Itraconazole Oral Solution) Staticin (Erythromycin Topical Solution 1.5%) Stalevo Starlix Sterile Hemofiltration Hemodiafiltration Solution (PrismaSol Solution) Sti mate Sucralfate (Carafate Suspension) Sulfacetamide Sodium Ophthalmic Solution 10% (Bleph 10) Synarel Nasal Solution (Nafarelin Acetate Nasal Solution for Endometriosis) Taclonex Scalp (Calcipotriene and Betamethasone Dipropionate Topical Suspension) Tamiflu Tobi TobraDex Tobradex ST (Tobramycin/Dexamethasone Ophthalmic Suspension 0.3%/0.05%) Tobramycin/Dexamethasone Ophthalmic Suspension 0.3%/0.05% (Tobradex ST) Timolol Timoptic Travatan Z Treprostinil Inhalation Solution (Tyvaso) Trusopt (Dorzolamide Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution) Tyvaso (Treprostinil Inhalation Solution) Ventolin Vfend Vibramycin Oral (Doxycycline Calcium Oral Suspension) Videx (Didanosine Pediatric Powder for Oral Solution) Vigabatrin Oral Solution (Sabril) Viokase Viracept Viramune Vitamin K1 (Fluid Colloidal Solution of Vitamin K1) Voltaren Ophthalmic (Diclofenac Sodium Ophthalmic Solution) Zarontin Oral Solution (Ethosuximide Oral Solution) Ziagen Zyvox Zymar (Gatifloxacin Ophthalmic Solution) Zymaxid (Gatifloxacin Ophthalmic Solution) Drug Classes 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors 5-aminosalicylates 5HT3 receptor antagonists adamantane antivirals adrenal cortical steroids adrenal corticosteroid inhibitors adrenergic bronchodilators agents for hypertensive emergencies agents for pulmonary hypertension aldosterone receptor antagonists alkylating agents alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists alpha-glucosidase inhibitors alternative medicines amebicides aminoglycosides aminopenicillins aminosalicylates amylin analogs Analgesic Combinations Analgesics androgens and anabolic steroids angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors angiotensin II inhibitors anorectal preparations anorexiants antacids anthelmintics anti-angiogenic ophthalmic agents anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies anti-infectives antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting antiadrenergic agents, peripherally acting antiandrogens antianginal agents antiarrhythmic agents antiasthmatic combinations antibiotics/antineoplastics anticholinergic antiemetics anticholinergic antiparkinson agents anticholinergic bronchodilators anticholinergic chronotropic agents anticholinergics/antispasmodics anticoagulants anticonvulsants antidepressants antidiabetic agents antidiabetic combinations antidiarrheals antidiuretic hormones antidotes antiemetic/antivertigo agents antifungals antigonadotropic agents antigout agents antihistamines antihyperlipidemic agents antihyperlipidemic combinations anti hypertensive combinations antihyperuricemic agents antimalarial agents antimalarial combinations antimalarial quinolines anti metabolites antimigraine agents antineoplastic detoxifying agents antineoplastic interferons antineoplastic monoclonal antibodies antineoplastics antiparkinson agents antiplatelet agents antipseudomonal penicillins antipsoriatics antipsychotics antirheumatics antiseptic and germicides antithyroid agents antitoxins and antivenins antituberculosis agents antituberculosis combinations antitussives antiviral agents antiviral combinations antiviral interferons anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics aromatase inhibitors atypical antipsychotics azole antifungals bacterial vaccines barbiturate anticonvulsants barbiturates BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors benzodiazepine anticonvulsants benzodiazepines beta-adrenergic blocking agents beta-lactamase inhibitors bile acid sequestrants biologicals bisphosphonates bone resorption inhibitors bronchodilator combinations bronchodilators calcitonin calcium channel blocking agents carbamate anticonvulsants carbapenems carbonic anhydrase inhibitor anticonvulsants carbonic anhydrase inhibitors cardiac stressing agents cardioselective beta blockers cardiovascular agents catecholamines CD20 monoclonal antibodies CD33 monoclonal antibodies CD52 monoclonal antibodies central nervous system agents cephalosporins cerumenolytics chelating agents chemokine receptor antagonist chloride channel activators cholesterol absorption inhibitors cholinergic agonists cholinergic muscle stimulants cholinesterase inhibitors CNS stimulants coagulation modifiers colony stimulating factors contraceptives corticotropin coumarins and indandiones cox-2 inhibitors decongestants dermatological agents diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals dibenzazepine anticonvulsants digestive enzymes dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors diuretics dopaminergic antiparkinsonism agents drugs used in alcohol dependence echinocandins EGFR inhibitors estrogen receptor antagonists estrogens expectorants factor Xa inhibitors fatty acid derivative anticonvulsants fibric acid derivatives first generation cephalosporins fourth generation cephalosporins functional bowel disorder agents gallstone solubilizing agents gamma-aminobutyric acid analogs gamma-aminobutyric acid reuptake inhibitors gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase inhibitors gastrointestinal agents general anesthetics genitourinary tract agents GI stimulants glucocorticoids glucose elevating agents glycopeptide antibiotics glycoprotein platelet inhibitors glycylcyclines gonadotropin releasing hormones gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists gonadotropins group I antiarrhythmics group II antiarrhythmics group III antiarrhythmics group IV antiarrhythmics group V antiarrhythmics growth hormone receptor blockers growth hormones H. pylori eradication agents H2 antagonists hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer heparin antagonists heparins HER2 inhibitors herbal products histone deacetylase inhibitors hormone replacement therapy hormones hormones/antineoplastics hydantoin anticonvulsants illicit (street) drugs immune globulins immunologic agents immunosuppressive agents impotence agents in vivo diagnostic biologicals incretin mimetics inhaled anti-infectives inhaled corticosteroids inotropic agents insulin insulin-like growth factor integrase strand transfer inhibitor interferons intravenous nutritional products iodinated contrast media ionic iodinated contrast media iron products ketolides laxatives leprostatics leukotriene modifiers lincomycin derivatives lipoglycopeptides local injectable anesthetics loop diuretics lung surfactants lymphatic staining agents lysosomal enzymes macrolide derivatives macrolides magnetic resonance imaging contrast media mast cell stabilizers medical gas meglitinides metabolic agents methylxanthines mineralocorticoids minerals and electrolytes miscellaneous agents miscellaneous analgesics miscellaneous antibiotics miscellaneous anticonvulsants miscellaneous antidepressants miscellaneous antidiabetic agents miscellaneous antiemetics miscellaneous antifungals miscellaneous antihyperlipidemic agents miscellaneous antimalarials miscellaneous antineoplastics miscellaneous antiparkinson agents miscellaneous antipsychotic agents miscellaneous antituberculosis agents miscellaneous antivirals miscellaneous anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics miscellaneous biologicals miscellaneous bone resorption inhibitors miscellaneous cardiovascular agents miscellaneous central nervous system agents miscellaneous coagulation modifiers miscellaneous diuretics miscellaneous genitourinary tract agents miscellaneous CI agents miscellaneous hormones miscellaneous metabolic agents miscellaneous ophthalmic agents miscellaneous otic agents miscellaneous respiratory agents miscellaneous sex hormones miscellaneous topical agents miscellaneous uncategorized agents miscellaneous vaginal agents mitotic inhibitors monoamine oxidase inhibitors monoclonal antibodies mouth and throat products mTOR inhibitors mTOR kinase inhibitors mucolytics multikinase inhibitors muscle relaxants mydriatics narcotic analgesic combinations narcotic analgesics nasal anti-infectives nasal antihistamines and decongestants nasal lubricants and irrigations nasal preparations nasal steroids natural penicillins neuraminidase inhibitors neuromuscular blocking agents next generation cephalosporins nicotinic acid derivatives nitrates NNRTIs non-cardioselective beta blockers non-iodinated contrast media non-ionic iodinated contrast media non-sulfonylureas nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) nutraceutical products nutritional products ophthalmic anesthetics ophthalmic anti-infectives ophthalmic anti-inflammatory agents ophthalmic antihistamines and decongestants ophthalmic diagnostic agents ophthalmic glaucoma agents ophthalmic lubricants and irrigations ophthalmic preparations ophthalmic steroids ophthalmic steroids with anti-infectives ophthalmic surgical agents oral nutritional supplements otic anesthetics otic anti-infectives otic preparations otic steroids otic steroids with anti-infectives oxazolidinedione anticonvulsants parathyroid hormone and analogs penicillinase resistant penicillins penicillins peripheral opioid receptor antagonists peripheral vasodilators peripherally acting antiobesity agents phenothiazine antiemetics phenothiazine antipsychotics phenylpiperazine antidepressants plasma expanders platelet aggregation inhibitors platelet-stimulating agents polyenes potassium-sparing diuretics probiotics progesterone receptor modulators progestins prolactin inhibitors prostaglandin D2 antagonists protease inhibitors proton pump inhibitors psoralens psychotherapeutic agents psychotherapeutic combinations purine nucleosides pyrrolidine anticonvulsants quinolones radiocontrast agents radiologic adjuncts radiologic agents radiologic conjugating agents radiopharmaceuticals RANK ligand inhibitors recombinant human erythropoietins renin inhibitors respiratory agents respiratory inhalant products rifamycin derivatives salicylates sclerosing agents second generation cephalosporins selective estrogen receptor modulators selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors serotoninergic neuroenteric modulators sex hormone combinations sex hormones skeletal muscle relaxant combinations skeletal muscle relaxants smoking cessation agents somatostatin and somatostatin analogs spermicides statins sterile irrigating solutions streptomyces derivatives succinimide anticonvulsants sulfonamides sulfonylureas synthetic ovulation stimulants tetracyclic antidepressants tetracyclines therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals thiazide diuretics thiazolidinediones thioxanthenes third generation cephalosporins thrombin inhibitors thrombolytics thyroid drugs tocolytic agents topical acne agents topical agents topical anesthetics topical anti-infectives topical antibiotics topical antifungals topical antihistamines topical antipsoriatics topical antivirals topical astringents topical debriding agents topical depigmenting agents topical emollients topical keratolytics topical steroids topical steroids with anti-infectives toxoids triazine anticonvulsants tricyclic antidepressants trifunctional monoclonal antibodies tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors tyrosine kinase inhibitors ultrasound contrast media upper respiratory combinations urea anticonvulsants urinary anti-infectives urinary antispasmodics urinary pH modifiers uterotonic agents vaccine vaccine combinations vaginal anti-infectives vaginal preparations vasodilators vasopressin antagonists vasopressors VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors viral vaccines viscosupplementation agents vitamin and mineral combinations vitamins Diagnostic Tests 1 7-Hydroxyprogesterone ACE (Angiotensin I converting enzyme) Acetaminophen Acid phosphatase ACTH Activated clotting time Activated protein C resistance Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) Albumin Aldolase Aldosterone Alkaline phosphatase Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) AlphaI-antitrypsin Alpha-fetoprotein Alpha-fetoprotien Ammonia levels Amylase ANA (antinuclear antbodies) ANA (antinuclear antibodies) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) Anion gap Anticardiolipin antibody Anticardiolipin antivbodies (ACA) Anti-centromere antibody Antidiuretic hormone Anti-DNA Anti-Dnase-B Anti-Gliadin antibody Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody Anti-HBc (Hepatitis B core antibodies Anti-HBs (Hepatitis B surface antibody Antiphospholipid antibody Anti-RNA polymerase Anti-Smith (Sm) antibodies Anti-Smooth Muscle antibody Antistreptolysin 0 (ASO) Antithrombin III Anti-Xa activity Anti-Xa assay Apolipoproteins Arsenic Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) B12 Basophil Beta-2-Microglobulin Beta-hydroxybutyrate B-HCG Bilirubin Bilirubin, direct Bilirubin, indirect Bilirubin, total Bleeding time Blood gases (arterial) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) BUN BUN (blood urea nitrogen) CA 125 CA 15-3 Calcitonin Calcium Calcium (ionized) Carbon monoxide (CO) Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) CBC CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) Ceruloplasmin CH50Chloride Cholesterol Cholesterol, HDL Clot lysis time Clot retraction time CMP CO2 Cold agglutinins Complement C3 Copper Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation test Cortisol Cortrosyn stimulation test C-peptide CPK (Total) CPK-MB C-reactive protein Creatinine Creatinine kinase (CK) Cryoglobulins DAT (Direct antiglobulin test) D-Dimer Dexamethasone suppression test D H EA-S Dilute Russell viper venom Elliptocytes Eosinophil Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Estradiol Estriol Ethanol Ethylene glycol Euglobulin lysis Factor V Leiden Factor VIII inhibitor Factor VIII level Ferritin Fibrin split products Fibrinogen Folate Folate (serum Fractional excretion of sodium (FENA) FSH (follicle stimulating factor) FTA-ABS Gamma glutamyl transferase (GOT) Gastrin GGTP (Gamma glutamyl transferase) Glucose Growth hormone Haptoglobin HBeAg (Hepatitis Be antigen) HBs-Ag (Hepatitis B surface antigen) Helicobacter pylori Hematocrit Hematocrit (HCT) Hemoglobin Hemoglobin Al C Hemoglobin electrophoresis Hepatitis A antibodies Hepatitis C antibodies IAT (Indirect antiglobulin test) Immunofixation (IFE) Iron Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Lactic acid (lactate) LDH LH (Leutinizing hormone Lipase Lupus anticoagulant Lymphocyte Magnesium MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) MCV (mean corpuscular volume) Methylmalonate Monocyte MPV (mean platelet volume) Myoglobin Neutrophil Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Phosphorus Platelets (pit) Potassium Prealbumin Prolactin Prostate specific antigen (PSA) Protein C Protein S PSA (prostate specific antigen) PT (Prothrombin time) PTT (Partial thromboplastin time) RDW (red cell distribution width) Renin Rennin Reticulocyte count reticulocytes Rheumatoid factor (RF) Sed Rate Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) Sodium T3-resin uptake (T3RU) T4, Free Thrombin time Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Thyroxine (T4) Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) Total protein Transferrin Transferrin saturation Triglyceride (TG) Troponin Uric acid Vitamin B12 White blood cells (WBC) Widal test White blood cells (WBC) Widal test | 2,800 |
349,110 | 16,806,657 | 2,853 | An object of the present invention is to provide a durometer enabling a contact portion in contact with an object to perform smooth piston motion. The durometer includes a main body unit including a movable unit pressed continuously against an object to be measured, a first sensor outputting acceleration information corresponding to an acceleration of movement of a contact part of the object to be measured in contact with the movable unit in a pressing direction, a second sensor outputting reactive force information corresponding to a reactive force at the contact part of the object to be measured in contact with the movable unit, a motor, a crank mechanism driven by the motor and causing the main body unit and the movable unit to perform piston motion, and at least one buffering member disposed on a periphery of the main body unit. | 1. A durometer comprising:
a movable unit pressed continuously against an object to be measured; a main body unit connected to the movable unit via a resilient member; a housing the main body unit; and a driving mechanism driven by a motor and causing the main body unit and the movable unit to perform piston motion with respect to the main housing, wherein the movable unit and the main body unit are respectively provided with a receiving coil and a transmitting coil disposed to be opposed to each other, the receiving coil and the transmitting coil being configured such that reactive force information corresponding to a reactive force at a contact part of the object to be measured in contact with the movable unit is output, and at least one buffering member is disposed between a periphery of the main body unit and the housing. 2. The durometer according to claim 1,
wherein the at least one buffering member is a rubber member disposed so as to be in contact with the housing and the main body unit. 3. The durometer according to claim 2,
wherein the at least one buffering member comprises at least two buffering members that are disposed at least two places on the periphery of the main body unit. 4. The durometer according to claim 2,
wherein the at least two buffering members have an S-shaped section. 5. The durometer according to claim 4,
wherein the at least two buffering members are arranged such that their S-shapes face each other. 6. The durometer according to claim 2,
wherein the main body unit has a groove portion provided at a position corresponding to the at least one buffering member. 7. The durometer according to claim 2,
wherein the main body unit has an antislip member disposed on a periphery of the at least one buffering member. 8. The durometer according to claim 1,
wherein the driving mechanism is a crank mechanism. 9. The durometer according to claim 1,
wherein the housing has a groove portion provided at a position corresponding to the at least one buffering member. 10. The durometer according to claim 1,
wherein the at least one buffering member is a gelled member covering the periphery of the main body unit. 11. The durometer according to claim 1, further comprising:
a contact member having a shape so as to encircle a periphery of the movable unit and in contact with the object to be measured, wherein the contact member includes a cutout at a place where the contact member and the object to be measured are in contact with each other. 12. The durometer according to claim 11,
wherein the contact member is of a cylindrical shape, and the cutout occupies ½ or more of a circumference of the contact member when seen from a side of a contact surface in contact with the object to be measured. 13. The durometer according to claim 1,
wherein the driving mechanism includes:
a crank shaft located eccentric to a shaft of the motor; and
a connecting member connecting the crank shaft to the main body unit,
wherein a length of the connecting member is ⅓ or more of a length of the main body unit in a moving direction. 14. The durometer according to claim 1,
wherein the at least one buffering member comprises a plurality of buffering members comprising a resin or a metal cylindrical member, the plurality of buffering members being disposed at one or a plurality of places on the periphery of the main body unit. 15. The durometer according to claim 14,
wherein an inner surface of the cylindrical member is subjected to a coating or polishing treatment. 16. The durometer according to claim 1,
wherein the at least one buffering member comprises three buffering members, each buffering member comprising a projection formed on an inner surface of the housing. 17. The durometer according to claim 16,
wherein each projection is formed in such a way as to extend along a direction of the piston motion of the main body unit. | An object of the present invention is to provide a durometer enabling a contact portion in contact with an object to perform smooth piston motion. The durometer includes a main body unit including a movable unit pressed continuously against an object to be measured, a first sensor outputting acceleration information corresponding to an acceleration of movement of a contact part of the object to be measured in contact with the movable unit in a pressing direction, a second sensor outputting reactive force information corresponding to a reactive force at the contact part of the object to be measured in contact with the movable unit, a motor, a crank mechanism driven by the motor and causing the main body unit and the movable unit to perform piston motion, and at least one buffering member disposed on a periphery of the main body unit.1. A durometer comprising:
a movable unit pressed continuously against an object to be measured; a main body unit connected to the movable unit via a resilient member; a housing the main body unit; and a driving mechanism driven by a motor and causing the main body unit and the movable unit to perform piston motion with respect to the main housing, wherein the movable unit and the main body unit are respectively provided with a receiving coil and a transmitting coil disposed to be opposed to each other, the receiving coil and the transmitting coil being configured such that reactive force information corresponding to a reactive force at a contact part of the object to be measured in contact with the movable unit is output, and at least one buffering member is disposed between a periphery of the main body unit and the housing. 2. The durometer according to claim 1,
wherein the at least one buffering member is a rubber member disposed so as to be in contact with the housing and the main body unit. 3. The durometer according to claim 2,
wherein the at least one buffering member comprises at least two buffering members that are disposed at least two places on the periphery of the main body unit. 4. The durometer according to claim 2,
wherein the at least two buffering members have an S-shaped section. 5. The durometer according to claim 4,
wherein the at least two buffering members are arranged such that their S-shapes face each other. 6. The durometer according to claim 2,
wherein the main body unit has a groove portion provided at a position corresponding to the at least one buffering member. 7. The durometer according to claim 2,
wherein the main body unit has an antislip member disposed on a periphery of the at least one buffering member. 8. The durometer according to claim 1,
wherein the driving mechanism is a crank mechanism. 9. The durometer according to claim 1,
wherein the housing has a groove portion provided at a position corresponding to the at least one buffering member. 10. The durometer according to claim 1,
wherein the at least one buffering member is a gelled member covering the periphery of the main body unit. 11. The durometer according to claim 1, further comprising:
a contact member having a shape so as to encircle a periphery of the movable unit and in contact with the object to be measured, wherein the contact member includes a cutout at a place where the contact member and the object to be measured are in contact with each other. 12. The durometer according to claim 11,
wherein the contact member is of a cylindrical shape, and the cutout occupies ½ or more of a circumference of the contact member when seen from a side of a contact surface in contact with the object to be measured. 13. The durometer according to claim 1,
wherein the driving mechanism includes:
a crank shaft located eccentric to a shaft of the motor; and
a connecting member connecting the crank shaft to the main body unit,
wherein a length of the connecting member is ⅓ or more of a length of the main body unit in a moving direction. 14. The durometer according to claim 1,
wherein the at least one buffering member comprises a plurality of buffering members comprising a resin or a metal cylindrical member, the plurality of buffering members being disposed at one or a plurality of places on the periphery of the main body unit. 15. The durometer according to claim 14,
wherein an inner surface of the cylindrical member is subjected to a coating or polishing treatment. 16. The durometer according to claim 1,
wherein the at least one buffering member comprises three buffering members, each buffering member comprising a projection formed on an inner surface of the housing. 17. The durometer according to claim 16,
wherein each projection is formed in such a way as to extend along a direction of the piston motion of the main body unit. | 2,800 |
349,111 | 16,806,674 | 2,853 | A personalized cancer vaccine is disclosed. The vaccine is comprised of particles encapsulating neoantigens. The neoantigens are chosen by predicting whether a first neoantigen or a second neoantigen of an individual cancer patient has a stronger binding affinity for a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex of the patient and using the neoantigen with the stronger predicted binding affinity. Such a predicting step includes artificial intelligence, statistical modeling, or a combination thereof. Placing the antigen in a particular sized particle is referred to here as Size Exclusion Antigen Presentation Control, (SEAPAC) used in methods of treating the patient using such a personalized cancer vaccine. | 1. A patient personalized cancer vaccine, comprising a particle comprising:
a) a biocompatible material; and b) a first neoantigen predicted to have a stronger binding affinity for an HLA complex of a patient as compared to an HLA binding affinity of a second neoantigen, wherein the first neoantigen is encapsulated by the biocompatible material. 2. The personalized cancer vaccine of claim 1, wherein the particle was created by a process comprising:
a) identifying a first and a second neoantigen in the patient; b) determining the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype of the patient; c) predicted whether the first neoantigen or the second neoantigen has a stronger binding affinity for a HLA complex of the patient based on training data and the HLA genotype of the patient; and d) creating a particle by encapsulating in a material the neoantigen predicted to have the stronger binding affinity for the HLA complex of the patient. 3. The personalized cancer vaccine of claim 2, further comprising:
an antibiotic; a preservative; a stabilizer; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 4. The method of claim 1 where the tumor is a triple negative breast cancer tumor that does not produce programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) above a level of 10 fragments per kilobase per million mapped reads. 5. The method of claim 1 where the tumor is a triple negative breast cancer tumor that does not produce programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) above a level of 5 fragments per kilobase per million mapped reads. 6. The method of claim 1 where the tumor is a triple negative breast cancer tumor that does not produce programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) above a level of 2 fragments per kilobase per million mapped reads. 7. The method of claim 1 where the tumor is a triple negative breast cancer tumor that does not produce programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) above a level of 1.5 fragments per kilobase per million mapped reads. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the biocompatible material is selected from the group consisting of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polycaprolactone, polyglycolide, polylactic acid, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate;
wherein the particle is substantially spherical; and has a diameter such that only a single particle can be consumed by an antigen presenting cell. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the antigen presenting cell is a dendritic cell; and wherein the particle has a diameter in the range of from 10 micrometers 10±20% to 25 micrometers ±20%. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the particle has a diameter in the range of 11 micrometers ±10%; and
wherein the neoantigen consists of between eight to twenty amino acids. 11. A method of treating a patient for cancer, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a personalized cancer vaccine, comprising:
a) a biocompatible material; and b) a first neoantigen predicted to have a stronger binding affinity for an HLA complex of a patient as compared to an HLA binding affinity of a second neoantigen, wherein the first neoantigen is encapsulated by the biocompatible material. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the personalized cancer vaccine is co-administered with an additional component selected from the group consisting of an immunogenic agent, a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, an adjuvant, an immunomodulatory facilitators, and a checkpoint inhibitor. 13. A method of making a personalized cancer vaccine, comprising the steps of:
a) obtaining a plurality of nucleotide sequences from a tumor cell of a patient; b) obtaining a plurality of nucleotide sequences from a normal cell of the same patient; c) interpreting the nucleotide sequences from the tumor cell and the normal cell to obtain a plurality of amino acid sequences for both the tumor cell and the normal cell; d) identifying a tumor amino acid sequence which is an amino acid sequence that is present in the tumor cell and absent from the normal cell; and 14. A method of making a personalized cancer vaccine, comprising the steps of:
e) obtaining a plurality of nucleotide sequences from a tumor cell of a patient; f) obtaining a plurality of nucleotide sequences from a normal cell of the same patient; g) interpreting the nucleotide sequences from the tumor cell and the normal cell to obtain a plurality of amino acid sequences for both the tumor cell and the normal cell; h) identifying a plurality of tumor amino acid sequences which are amino acid sequences present in the tumor cell and absent from the normal cell; i) determining the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype of the patient; j) predicted which of the plurality of tumor amino acid sequences has a stronger binding affinity for a HLA complex of the patient based on training data and the HLA genotype of the patient; and creating a particle by encapsulating in a material a tumor amino acid sequence predicted to have strong binding affinity for a HLA complex of the patient relative to other tumor sequences. | A personalized cancer vaccine is disclosed. The vaccine is comprised of particles encapsulating neoantigens. The neoantigens are chosen by predicting whether a first neoantigen or a second neoantigen of an individual cancer patient has a stronger binding affinity for a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex of the patient and using the neoantigen with the stronger predicted binding affinity. Such a predicting step includes artificial intelligence, statistical modeling, or a combination thereof. Placing the antigen in a particular sized particle is referred to here as Size Exclusion Antigen Presentation Control, (SEAPAC) used in methods of treating the patient using such a personalized cancer vaccine.1. A patient personalized cancer vaccine, comprising a particle comprising:
a) a biocompatible material; and b) a first neoantigen predicted to have a stronger binding affinity for an HLA complex of a patient as compared to an HLA binding affinity of a second neoantigen, wherein the first neoantigen is encapsulated by the biocompatible material. 2. The personalized cancer vaccine of claim 1, wherein the particle was created by a process comprising:
a) identifying a first and a second neoantigen in the patient; b) determining the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype of the patient; c) predicted whether the first neoantigen or the second neoantigen has a stronger binding affinity for a HLA complex of the patient based on training data and the HLA genotype of the patient; and d) creating a particle by encapsulating in a material the neoantigen predicted to have the stronger binding affinity for the HLA complex of the patient. 3. The personalized cancer vaccine of claim 2, further comprising:
an antibiotic; a preservative; a stabilizer; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 4. The method of claim 1 where the tumor is a triple negative breast cancer tumor that does not produce programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) above a level of 10 fragments per kilobase per million mapped reads. 5. The method of claim 1 where the tumor is a triple negative breast cancer tumor that does not produce programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) above a level of 5 fragments per kilobase per million mapped reads. 6. The method of claim 1 where the tumor is a triple negative breast cancer tumor that does not produce programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) above a level of 2 fragments per kilobase per million mapped reads. 7. The method of claim 1 where the tumor is a triple negative breast cancer tumor that does not produce programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) above a level of 1.5 fragments per kilobase per million mapped reads. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the biocompatible material is selected from the group consisting of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polycaprolactone, polyglycolide, polylactic acid, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate;
wherein the particle is substantially spherical; and has a diameter such that only a single particle can be consumed by an antigen presenting cell. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the antigen presenting cell is a dendritic cell; and wherein the particle has a diameter in the range of from 10 micrometers 10±20% to 25 micrometers ±20%. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the particle has a diameter in the range of 11 micrometers ±10%; and
wherein the neoantigen consists of between eight to twenty amino acids. 11. A method of treating a patient for cancer, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a personalized cancer vaccine, comprising:
a) a biocompatible material; and b) a first neoantigen predicted to have a stronger binding affinity for an HLA complex of a patient as compared to an HLA binding affinity of a second neoantigen, wherein the first neoantigen is encapsulated by the biocompatible material. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the personalized cancer vaccine is co-administered with an additional component selected from the group consisting of an immunogenic agent, a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, an adjuvant, an immunomodulatory facilitators, and a checkpoint inhibitor. 13. A method of making a personalized cancer vaccine, comprising the steps of:
a) obtaining a plurality of nucleotide sequences from a tumor cell of a patient; b) obtaining a plurality of nucleotide sequences from a normal cell of the same patient; c) interpreting the nucleotide sequences from the tumor cell and the normal cell to obtain a plurality of amino acid sequences for both the tumor cell and the normal cell; d) identifying a tumor amino acid sequence which is an amino acid sequence that is present in the tumor cell and absent from the normal cell; and 14. A method of making a personalized cancer vaccine, comprising the steps of:
e) obtaining a plurality of nucleotide sequences from a tumor cell of a patient; f) obtaining a plurality of nucleotide sequences from a normal cell of the same patient; g) interpreting the nucleotide sequences from the tumor cell and the normal cell to obtain a plurality of amino acid sequences for both the tumor cell and the normal cell; h) identifying a plurality of tumor amino acid sequences which are amino acid sequences present in the tumor cell and absent from the normal cell; i) determining the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype of the patient; j) predicted which of the plurality of tumor amino acid sequences has a stronger binding affinity for a HLA complex of the patient based on training data and the HLA genotype of the patient; and creating a particle by encapsulating in a material a tumor amino acid sequence predicted to have strong binding affinity for a HLA complex of the patient relative to other tumor sequences. | 2,800 |
349,112 | 16,806,672 | 2,853 | A lamp that includes a lens, an electrode, and a sensing circuit connected to a light source. The lens is spaced apart from the sensing circuit. The forward-facing surface of the lens has a sensing location. The electrode has a first portion opposite a second portion. The first portion is connected to the sensing circuit. The second portion is positioned alongside a backward facing surface of the lens. The electrode senses an electric field through the lens at the sensing location. The sensing circuit is configured to turn on the light source when the light source is turned off and the electrode senses the electric field. The sensing circuit is configured to turn off the light source when the light source is turned on and the electrode senses the electric field. | 1. A method of constructing a lamp comprising:
connecting an attaching end of an electrode to a sensing circuit of a printed circuit board; positioning a remote sensing end of the electrode proximate to a backward facing surface of a lens near a sensing location for sensing an electric field; placing the printed circuit board and the electrode inside an interior of a housing; and attaching the lens to a front opening of the housing, wherein the sensing circuit is configured to turn on one or more light emitting diodes when the one or more light emitting diodes are turned off and the remote sensing end of the electrode senses the electric field. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
soldering the attaching end of the electrode to a solder pad mounted on the printed circuit board, wherein the sensing circuit is connected to the solder pad and the one or more light emitting diodes, and wherein the solder pad is in electrical communication with the sensing circuit. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
inserting an anchor portion of the attaching end of the electrode into a through-hole formed in the printed circuit board before the attaching end of the electrode is soldered to the solder pad. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing the lens, wherein the lens includes a front facing surface including the sensing portion. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein attaching the lens to the front opening of the housing results in the remote sensing end of the electrode to be aligned with the backward facing surface of the lens and across from the sensing portion. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
inserting a reflector into the front opening such that the remote sensing end of the electrode extends through an opening in the reflector. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
inserting a terminal set into plated through-holes formed in the printed circuit board, wherein the plated through-holes are in electrical communication with the sensing circuit, and wherein the terminal set is configured to supply power to the sensing circuit via the plated through-holes. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
inserting the terminal set through channels formed in the housing, wherein the channels opening up into a first connector configured to mate with a second connector. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
connecting the first connector with the second connector thereby forming an electrical connection between the lamp and a component of a vehicle. 10. A lamp for attaching to a component of a vehicle comprising:
a lens covering a front opening of a housing, the lens having a backward facing surface, a forward facing surface, and a sensing location; one or more light emitting diodes electrically connected to a sensing circuit of a printed circuit board positioned inside the housing; and at least one electrode having an attaching end for connecting to the sensing circuit and a remote sensing end positioned proximate the backward facing surface for sensing an electric field at the sensing location, wherein the sensing circuit is configured to turn on one or more light emitting diodes when the one or more light emitting diodes are turned off and the remote sensing end of the electrode senses the electric field. 11. The lamp of claim 10, further comprising:
a solder pad mounted on the printed circuit board and electrically connected to the sensing circuit for soldering the attaching end of the electrode to the printed circuit board. 12. The lamp of claim 10, wherein the attaching end of the electrode includes an anchor portion for inserting in a through-hole formed in the printed circuit board. 13. The lamp of claim 10, wherein the remote sensing end of the electrode is aligned with the backward facing surface of the lens and across from the sensing portion. 14. The lamp of claim 10, further comprising:
one or more reflectors positioned between the one or more light emitting diodes and the printed circuit board, wherein the one or more reflectors includes an opening through which a portion of the electrode between the attaching end and the remote sensing end extends. 15. The lamp of claim 10, further comprising:
a terminal set into plated through-holes formed in the printed circuit board and in electrical communication with the sensing circuit for supplying power to the sensing circuit. 16. The lamp of claim 10, further comprising:
one or more channels formed in the housing, wherein the channels open into a first connector configured to mate with an electrical component of the vehicle. 17. The lamp of claim 10, further comprising an indicia for communicating to a user where the sensing location of the lens is located. 18. The lamp of claim 10, wherein the electrode is configured to transmit a signal to the sensing circuit in response to the remote sensing end of the electrode sensing a change in capacitance due to a presence of the electrical field associated with a user touching the sensing location of the lens. | A lamp that includes a lens, an electrode, and a sensing circuit connected to a light source. The lens is spaced apart from the sensing circuit. The forward-facing surface of the lens has a sensing location. The electrode has a first portion opposite a second portion. The first portion is connected to the sensing circuit. The second portion is positioned alongside a backward facing surface of the lens. The electrode senses an electric field through the lens at the sensing location. The sensing circuit is configured to turn on the light source when the light source is turned off and the electrode senses the electric field. The sensing circuit is configured to turn off the light source when the light source is turned on and the electrode senses the electric field.1. A method of constructing a lamp comprising:
connecting an attaching end of an electrode to a sensing circuit of a printed circuit board; positioning a remote sensing end of the electrode proximate to a backward facing surface of a lens near a sensing location for sensing an electric field; placing the printed circuit board and the electrode inside an interior of a housing; and attaching the lens to a front opening of the housing, wherein the sensing circuit is configured to turn on one or more light emitting diodes when the one or more light emitting diodes are turned off and the remote sensing end of the electrode senses the electric field. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
soldering the attaching end of the electrode to a solder pad mounted on the printed circuit board, wherein the sensing circuit is connected to the solder pad and the one or more light emitting diodes, and wherein the solder pad is in electrical communication with the sensing circuit. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
inserting an anchor portion of the attaching end of the electrode into a through-hole formed in the printed circuit board before the attaching end of the electrode is soldered to the solder pad. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing the lens, wherein the lens includes a front facing surface including the sensing portion. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein attaching the lens to the front opening of the housing results in the remote sensing end of the electrode to be aligned with the backward facing surface of the lens and across from the sensing portion. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
inserting a reflector into the front opening such that the remote sensing end of the electrode extends through an opening in the reflector. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
inserting a terminal set into plated through-holes formed in the printed circuit board, wherein the plated through-holes are in electrical communication with the sensing circuit, and wherein the terminal set is configured to supply power to the sensing circuit via the plated through-holes. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
inserting the terminal set through channels formed in the housing, wherein the channels opening up into a first connector configured to mate with a second connector. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
connecting the first connector with the second connector thereby forming an electrical connection between the lamp and a component of a vehicle. 10. A lamp for attaching to a component of a vehicle comprising:
a lens covering a front opening of a housing, the lens having a backward facing surface, a forward facing surface, and a sensing location; one or more light emitting diodes electrically connected to a sensing circuit of a printed circuit board positioned inside the housing; and at least one electrode having an attaching end for connecting to the sensing circuit and a remote sensing end positioned proximate the backward facing surface for sensing an electric field at the sensing location, wherein the sensing circuit is configured to turn on one or more light emitting diodes when the one or more light emitting diodes are turned off and the remote sensing end of the electrode senses the electric field. 11. The lamp of claim 10, further comprising:
a solder pad mounted on the printed circuit board and electrically connected to the sensing circuit for soldering the attaching end of the electrode to the printed circuit board. 12. The lamp of claim 10, wherein the attaching end of the electrode includes an anchor portion for inserting in a through-hole formed in the printed circuit board. 13. The lamp of claim 10, wherein the remote sensing end of the electrode is aligned with the backward facing surface of the lens and across from the sensing portion. 14. The lamp of claim 10, further comprising:
one or more reflectors positioned between the one or more light emitting diodes and the printed circuit board, wherein the one or more reflectors includes an opening through which a portion of the electrode between the attaching end and the remote sensing end extends. 15. The lamp of claim 10, further comprising:
a terminal set into plated through-holes formed in the printed circuit board and in electrical communication with the sensing circuit for supplying power to the sensing circuit. 16. The lamp of claim 10, further comprising:
one or more channels formed in the housing, wherein the channels open into a first connector configured to mate with an electrical component of the vehicle. 17. The lamp of claim 10, further comprising an indicia for communicating to a user where the sensing location of the lens is located. 18. The lamp of claim 10, wherein the electrode is configured to transmit a signal to the sensing circuit in response to the remote sensing end of the electrode sensing a change in capacitance due to a presence of the electrical field associated with a user touching the sensing location of the lens. | 2,800 |
349,113 | 16,806,660 | 2,853 | A method and apparatus for identifying features of a subsurface region, including: obtaining an initial physical property model and survey data for the subsurface region; identifying a current model to be the initial physical property model; and executing one or more iterations of: generating synthetic data and forward wavefields with the current model and the survey data by forward modeling with forward wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation; generating adjoint wavefields with the synthetic data and the survey data by adjoint modeling with adjoint wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation; computing an objective function gradient with the forward wavefields and the adjoint wavefields by solving gradient equations with the corresponding wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation; computing a search direction of the objective function; searching for a possible improved model along the search direction; and updating the current model to be the possible improved model. | 1. A method for identifying features of a subsurface region, comprising:
obtaining an initial physical property model and survey data for the subsurface region; identifying a current model to be the initial physical property model; and executing one or more iterations of:
generating synthetic data and forward wavefields with the current model and the survey data by forward modeling with forward wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation;
generating adjoint wavefields with the synthetic data and the survey data by adjoint modeling with adjoint wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation;
computing an objective function gradient with the forward wavefields and the adjoint wavefields by solving gradient equations associated with the corresponding wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation;
computing a search direction of the objective function;
searching for a possible improved model along the search direction;
if the possible improved model more closely matches the survey data than the current model, updating the current model to be the possible improved model; and
if a difference between the synthetic data and the survey data has not converged, executing another iteration. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating an image of the subsurface region with at least one of the current model and the possible improved model. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein executing one or more iterations comprises at least one of Wave Equation Migration (WEM) and Reverse Time Migration (RTM). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein at least two iterations are executed. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein executing one or more iterations comprises at least one of Full Wavefield Inversion (FWI) and Least-Squares Reverse Time Migration (LSRTM). 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the initial physical property model comprises a property representing arbitrary velocity anisotropy throughout at least a portion of the subsurface region. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after the difference between the synthetic data and the survey data has converged:
identifying a final model to be the last current model; and managing hydrocarbons in the subsurface region based on features of the final model. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the forward wave equations comprise velocity-attenuation forward wave equations, the adjoint wave equations comprise velocity-attenuation adjoint wave equations, and the gradient equations comprise velocity-attenuation gradient equations. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein:
the velocity-attenuation forward wave equations comprise: 10. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the forward wave equations comprise auxiliary velocity-attenuation forward wave equations, the adjoint wave equations comprise auxiliary velocity-attenuation adjoint wave equations, and the gradient equations comprise auxiliary velocity-attenuation gradient equations. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein:
the auxiliary velocity-attenuation forward wave equations comprise: 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the forward wave equations are based on an auxiliary variable that is a function of velocity and a memory variable. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising using the auxiliary variable to cause spatial derivatives of memory variables to drop out of the adjoint wave equations. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the auxiliary variable comprises: 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
defining one or more checkpoints comprising a forward simulation wavefield state; and utilizing the one or more checkpoints to perform a cross-correlation. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
defining a plurality checkpoints, each comprising a forward simulation wavefield state; and utilizing the plurality of checkpoints to access the respective forward simulation wavefield states in time-reverse order. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the forward modeling is implemented in the time domain using memory variables. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the forward modeling is implemented in the frequency domain. 19. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after the difference between the synthetic data and the survey data has converged:
identifying an initial attenuation earth model to be the last current model; and refining the initial attenuation earth model by inversion into a general attenuation earth model. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the general attenuation earth model comprises differing attenuation parameters for differing wave propagation modes. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein the general attenuation earth model comprises anisotropic attenuation parameters for differing wave propagation modes. 22. A system for generating an image of a subsurface region comprising:
a data module comprising survey data for the subsurface region; a model module comprising an initial physical property model of the subsurface region; and an equation module comprising wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation, comprising:
a representation of velocity in the subsurface region comprising a vector that accounts for attenuation effects; and
a representation of stress in the subsurface region comprising a vector that does not account for attenuation effects. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein the initial physical property model comprises a property representing arbitrary velocity anisotropy throughout at least a portion of the subsurface region. 24. The system of claim 22, wherein the wave equations comprise: 25. A method for generating an image of a subsurface region, comprising:
obtaining an initial physical property model and survey data for the subsurface region; identifying a current model to be the initial physical property model; iteratively executing:
generating synthetic data and forward wavefields with the current model and the survey data by forward modeling with forward wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation;
generating adjoint wavefields with the synthetic data and the survey data by adjoint modeling with adjoint wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation;
computing an objective function gradient with the forward wavefields and the adjoint wavefields by solving gradient equations associated with the corresponding wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation;
computing a search direction of the objective function;
searching for a possible improved model along the search direction;
if the possible improved model more closely matches the survey data than the current model, updating the current model to be the possible improved model; and
if a difference between the synthetic data and the survey data has not converged, executing another iteration; and
after the difference between the synthetic data and the survey data has converged:
identifying a final model to be the last current model; and
generating an image of the subsurface region based on features of the final model. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the initial physical property model comprises a property representing arbitrary velocity anisotropy throughout at least a portion of the subsurface region. 27. The method of claim 25, wherein:
the forward wave equations comprise velocity-attenuation forward wave equations, the adjoint wave equations comprise velocity-attenuation adjoint wave equations, and the gradient equations comprise velocity-attenuation gradient equations. 28. A geophysical data analysis system comprising:
a processor; and a display configured to display graphical representations of a geophysical data set, wherein the geophysical data analysis system is configured to:
obtain an initial physical property model and survey data for the subsurface region;
identify a current model to be the initial physical property model;
iteratively execute:
generate synthetic data and forward wavefields with the current model and the survey data by forward modeling with forward wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation;
generate adjoint wavefields with the synthetic data and the survey data by adjoint modeling with adjoint wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation;
compute an objective function gradient with the forward wavefields and the adjoint wavefields by solving gradient equations associated with the corresponding wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation;
compute a search direction of the objective function;
search for a possible improved model along the search direction;
if the possible improved model more closely matches the survey data than the current model, update the current model to be the possible improved model; and
if a difference between the synthetic data and the survey data has not converged, execute another iteration; and
after the difference between the synthetic data and the survey data has converged:
identify a final model to be the last current model; and
generate an image of the subsurface region based on features of the final model. 29. The system of claim 28, wherein the initial physical property model comprises a property representing arbitrary velocity anisotropy throughout at least a portion of the subsurface region. 30. The method of claim 28, wherein:
the forward wave equations comprise velocity-attenuation forward wave equations, the adjoint wave equations comprise velocity-attenuation adjoint wave equations, and the gradient equations comprise velocity-attenuation gradient equations. | A method and apparatus for identifying features of a subsurface region, including: obtaining an initial physical property model and survey data for the subsurface region; identifying a current model to be the initial physical property model; and executing one or more iterations of: generating synthetic data and forward wavefields with the current model and the survey data by forward modeling with forward wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation; generating adjoint wavefields with the synthetic data and the survey data by adjoint modeling with adjoint wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation; computing an objective function gradient with the forward wavefields and the adjoint wavefields by solving gradient equations with the corresponding wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation; computing a search direction of the objective function; searching for a possible improved model along the search direction; and updating the current model to be the possible improved model.1. A method for identifying features of a subsurface region, comprising:
obtaining an initial physical property model and survey data for the subsurface region; identifying a current model to be the initial physical property model; and executing one or more iterations of:
generating synthetic data and forward wavefields with the current model and the survey data by forward modeling with forward wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation;
generating adjoint wavefields with the synthetic data and the survey data by adjoint modeling with adjoint wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation;
computing an objective function gradient with the forward wavefields and the adjoint wavefields by solving gradient equations associated with the corresponding wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation;
computing a search direction of the objective function;
searching for a possible improved model along the search direction;
if the possible improved model more closely matches the survey data than the current model, updating the current model to be the possible improved model; and
if a difference between the synthetic data and the survey data has not converged, executing another iteration. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating an image of the subsurface region with at least one of the current model and the possible improved model. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein executing one or more iterations comprises at least one of Wave Equation Migration (WEM) and Reverse Time Migration (RTM). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein at least two iterations are executed. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein executing one or more iterations comprises at least one of Full Wavefield Inversion (FWI) and Least-Squares Reverse Time Migration (LSRTM). 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the initial physical property model comprises a property representing arbitrary velocity anisotropy throughout at least a portion of the subsurface region. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after the difference between the synthetic data and the survey data has converged:
identifying a final model to be the last current model; and managing hydrocarbons in the subsurface region based on features of the final model. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the forward wave equations comprise velocity-attenuation forward wave equations, the adjoint wave equations comprise velocity-attenuation adjoint wave equations, and the gradient equations comprise velocity-attenuation gradient equations. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein:
the velocity-attenuation forward wave equations comprise: 10. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the forward wave equations comprise auxiliary velocity-attenuation forward wave equations, the adjoint wave equations comprise auxiliary velocity-attenuation adjoint wave equations, and the gradient equations comprise auxiliary velocity-attenuation gradient equations. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein:
the auxiliary velocity-attenuation forward wave equations comprise: 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the forward wave equations are based on an auxiliary variable that is a function of velocity and a memory variable. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising using the auxiliary variable to cause spatial derivatives of memory variables to drop out of the adjoint wave equations. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the auxiliary variable comprises: 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
defining one or more checkpoints comprising a forward simulation wavefield state; and utilizing the one or more checkpoints to perform a cross-correlation. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
defining a plurality checkpoints, each comprising a forward simulation wavefield state; and utilizing the plurality of checkpoints to access the respective forward simulation wavefield states in time-reverse order. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the forward modeling is implemented in the time domain using memory variables. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the forward modeling is implemented in the frequency domain. 19. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after the difference between the synthetic data and the survey data has converged:
identifying an initial attenuation earth model to be the last current model; and refining the initial attenuation earth model by inversion into a general attenuation earth model. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the general attenuation earth model comprises differing attenuation parameters for differing wave propagation modes. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein the general attenuation earth model comprises anisotropic attenuation parameters for differing wave propagation modes. 22. A system for generating an image of a subsurface region comprising:
a data module comprising survey data for the subsurface region; a model module comprising an initial physical property model of the subsurface region; and an equation module comprising wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation, comprising:
a representation of velocity in the subsurface region comprising a vector that accounts for attenuation effects; and
a representation of stress in the subsurface region comprising a vector that does not account for attenuation effects. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein the initial physical property model comprises a property representing arbitrary velocity anisotropy throughout at least a portion of the subsurface region. 24. The system of claim 22, wherein the wave equations comprise: 25. A method for generating an image of a subsurface region, comprising:
obtaining an initial physical property model and survey data for the subsurface region; identifying a current model to be the initial physical property model; iteratively executing:
generating synthetic data and forward wavefields with the current model and the survey data by forward modeling with forward wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation;
generating adjoint wavefields with the synthetic data and the survey data by adjoint modeling with adjoint wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation;
computing an objective function gradient with the forward wavefields and the adjoint wavefields by solving gradient equations associated with the corresponding wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation;
computing a search direction of the objective function;
searching for a possible improved model along the search direction;
if the possible improved model more closely matches the survey data than the current model, updating the current model to be the possible improved model; and
if a difference between the synthetic data and the survey data has not converged, executing another iteration; and
after the difference between the synthetic data and the survey data has converged:
identifying a final model to be the last current model; and
generating an image of the subsurface region based on features of the final model. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the initial physical property model comprises a property representing arbitrary velocity anisotropy throughout at least a portion of the subsurface region. 27. The method of claim 25, wherein:
the forward wave equations comprise velocity-attenuation forward wave equations, the adjoint wave equations comprise velocity-attenuation adjoint wave equations, and the gradient equations comprise velocity-attenuation gradient equations. 28. A geophysical data analysis system comprising:
a processor; and a display configured to display graphical representations of a geophysical data set, wherein the geophysical data analysis system is configured to:
obtain an initial physical property model and survey data for the subsurface region;
identify a current model to be the initial physical property model;
iteratively execute:
generate synthetic data and forward wavefields with the current model and the survey data by forward modeling with forward wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation;
generate adjoint wavefields with the synthetic data and the survey data by adjoint modeling with adjoint wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation;
compute an objective function gradient with the forward wavefields and the adjoint wavefields by solving gradient equations associated with the corresponding wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation;
compute a search direction of the objective function;
search for a possible improved model along the search direction;
if the possible improved model more closely matches the survey data than the current model, update the current model to be the possible improved model; and
if a difference between the synthetic data and the survey data has not converged, execute another iteration; and
after the difference between the synthetic data and the survey data has converged:
identify a final model to be the last current model; and
generate an image of the subsurface region based on features of the final model. 29. The system of claim 28, wherein the initial physical property model comprises a property representing arbitrary velocity anisotropy throughout at least a portion of the subsurface region. 30. The method of claim 28, wherein:
the forward wave equations comprise velocity-attenuation forward wave equations, the adjoint wave equations comprise velocity-attenuation adjoint wave equations, and the gradient equations comprise velocity-attenuation gradient equations. | 2,800 |
349,114 | 16,806,663 | 2,853 | A system and method for accelerating iSCSI storage traffic on a TCP/IP network over Ethernet. Ethernet storage frames are classified and deconstructed entirely in hardware by the use of a frame correlation engine, a TCP frame dissector and a number of protocol engines, providing iSCSI command processing without the involvement of a network protocol stack or TCP offload engine. | 1. A hardware engine, within a storage controller, for accelerating iSCSI command processing on a TCP/IP network without a protocol stack or TCP offload engine, comprising:
a frame correlation engine for matching an incoming TCP packet to a connection descriptor; a TCP frame dissector configured to receive one or more TCP packets from the frame correlation engine, for splitting TCP packets for delivery to an iSCSI command engine or SCSI command engine; an iSCSI command engine configured to receive frame data from the TCP frame dissector, for performing basic header segment validation; and a SCSI command engine configured to receive SCSI command information from the TCP frame dissector, for controlling flow of one or more commands, data or status to a storage interface. 2. The hardware engine of claim 1, implemented in a field-programmable gate array. 3. The hardware engine of claim 1, implemented in an application-specific integrated circuit. 4. The hardware engine of claim 1, further comprising a copy engine configured to receive frame data from the TCP frame dissector, for copying storage data from the frame into data memory. 5. The hardware engine of claim 4 wherein said iSCSI command engine, said SCSI command engine and said copy engine work concurrently on the same TCP packet. 6. The hardware engine of claim 1, further comprising a TCP composer, configured to build TCP packets, connected to said TCP dissector, which uses said command descriptors to build an iSCSI R2T PDU for requesting additional data in a Write operation. 7. The hardware engine of claim 1 wherein said iSCSI commands are processed without a protocol stack. 8. The hardware engine of claim 1 wherein said iSCSI commands are processed without a TCP offload engine. 9. The hardware engine of claim 1 wherein said iSCSI command engine and said SCSI command engine work concurrently on the same TCP packet. 10. The hardware engine of claim 1 wherein said connection descriptors contain connection identification information and state information. 11. The hardware engine of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of TCP connections, wherein said hardware engine is configured to maintain 64 simultaneous TCP connections. 12. The hardware engine of claim 1, wherein the hardware engine is connected to a plurality of network ports. 13. The hardware engine of claim 1, wherein said storage interface maintains connections to 1024 or more storage devices. 14. The hardware engine of claim 1, further comprising an off ramp queue for handling exceptions in processing determined by said TCP frame dissector. 15. A hardware engine, within a storage controller, for accelerating iSCSI command processing on a TCP/IP network without a protocol stack or TCP offload engine, comprising:
a frame correlation engine for matching an incoming TCP packet to a connection descriptor, said command descriptor comprising state information; a TCP frame dissector configured to receive one or more TCP packets from the frame correlation engine, for splitting TCP packets for delivery to two or more protocol engines selected from a group comprising: (a) an iSCSI command engine for performing basic header segment validation, (b) a SCSI command engine for controlling flow of one or more commands, data or status to a storage interface, and (c) a copy engine for copying storage data from the frame into data memory; wherein said TCP frame dissector uses the state information held by the connection descriptor to determine whether the frame information can be handled by one or more of said protocol engines; and wherein said hardware engine is implemented in a FGPA or an ASIC. 16. The hardware engine of claim 15, further comprising an off ramp queue for handling exceptions in processing determined by said TCP frame dissector. 17. The hardware engine of claim 15 wherein said iSCSI command engine, said SCSI command engine and said copy engine are configured to work concurrently on the same TCP packet. 18. The hardware engine of claim 15 wherein said iSCSI commands are processed without a protocol stack. 19. The hardware engine of claim 15 wherein said iSCSI commands are processed without a TCP offload engine. 20. The hardware engine of claim 15, further comprising a TCP composer, configured to build TCP packets, connected to said TCP dissector, which uses said command descriptors to build an iSCSI R2T PDU for requesting additional data in a Write operation. | A system and method for accelerating iSCSI storage traffic on a TCP/IP network over Ethernet. Ethernet storage frames are classified and deconstructed entirely in hardware by the use of a frame correlation engine, a TCP frame dissector and a number of protocol engines, providing iSCSI command processing without the involvement of a network protocol stack or TCP offload engine.1. A hardware engine, within a storage controller, for accelerating iSCSI command processing on a TCP/IP network without a protocol stack or TCP offload engine, comprising:
a frame correlation engine for matching an incoming TCP packet to a connection descriptor; a TCP frame dissector configured to receive one or more TCP packets from the frame correlation engine, for splitting TCP packets for delivery to an iSCSI command engine or SCSI command engine; an iSCSI command engine configured to receive frame data from the TCP frame dissector, for performing basic header segment validation; and a SCSI command engine configured to receive SCSI command information from the TCP frame dissector, for controlling flow of one or more commands, data or status to a storage interface. 2. The hardware engine of claim 1, implemented in a field-programmable gate array. 3. The hardware engine of claim 1, implemented in an application-specific integrated circuit. 4. The hardware engine of claim 1, further comprising a copy engine configured to receive frame data from the TCP frame dissector, for copying storage data from the frame into data memory. 5. The hardware engine of claim 4 wherein said iSCSI command engine, said SCSI command engine and said copy engine work concurrently on the same TCP packet. 6. The hardware engine of claim 1, further comprising a TCP composer, configured to build TCP packets, connected to said TCP dissector, which uses said command descriptors to build an iSCSI R2T PDU for requesting additional data in a Write operation. 7. The hardware engine of claim 1 wherein said iSCSI commands are processed without a protocol stack. 8. The hardware engine of claim 1 wherein said iSCSI commands are processed without a TCP offload engine. 9. The hardware engine of claim 1 wherein said iSCSI command engine and said SCSI command engine work concurrently on the same TCP packet. 10. The hardware engine of claim 1 wherein said connection descriptors contain connection identification information and state information. 11. The hardware engine of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of TCP connections, wherein said hardware engine is configured to maintain 64 simultaneous TCP connections. 12. The hardware engine of claim 1, wherein the hardware engine is connected to a plurality of network ports. 13. The hardware engine of claim 1, wherein said storage interface maintains connections to 1024 or more storage devices. 14. The hardware engine of claim 1, further comprising an off ramp queue for handling exceptions in processing determined by said TCP frame dissector. 15. A hardware engine, within a storage controller, for accelerating iSCSI command processing on a TCP/IP network without a protocol stack or TCP offload engine, comprising:
a frame correlation engine for matching an incoming TCP packet to a connection descriptor, said command descriptor comprising state information; a TCP frame dissector configured to receive one or more TCP packets from the frame correlation engine, for splitting TCP packets for delivery to two or more protocol engines selected from a group comprising: (a) an iSCSI command engine for performing basic header segment validation, (b) a SCSI command engine for controlling flow of one or more commands, data or status to a storage interface, and (c) a copy engine for copying storage data from the frame into data memory; wherein said TCP frame dissector uses the state information held by the connection descriptor to determine whether the frame information can be handled by one or more of said protocol engines; and wherein said hardware engine is implemented in a FGPA or an ASIC. 16. The hardware engine of claim 15, further comprising an off ramp queue for handling exceptions in processing determined by said TCP frame dissector. 17. The hardware engine of claim 15 wherein said iSCSI command engine, said SCSI command engine and said copy engine are configured to work concurrently on the same TCP packet. 18. The hardware engine of claim 15 wherein said iSCSI commands are processed without a protocol stack. 19. The hardware engine of claim 15 wherein said iSCSI commands are processed without a TCP offload engine. 20. The hardware engine of claim 15, further comprising a TCP composer, configured to build TCP packets, connected to said TCP dissector, which uses said command descriptors to build an iSCSI R2T PDU for requesting additional data in a Write operation. | 2,800 |
349,115 | 16,806,661 | 2,853 | A system for enabling spot cleaning includes a mobile computing device and a mobile cleaning robot. The mobile computing device includes at least one camera configured to capture images of an environment, and at least one data processor configured to (a) establish, based at least in part on first information provided by the at least one image sensor, a coordinate system in the environment, (b) determine, based at least in part on second information provided by the at least one camera, a first set of coordinates of a region at a first location, (c) determine, based at least in part on third information provided by the at least one camera, a second set of coordinates of a mobile cleaning robot at a second location, (d) send the first set of coordinates and second set of coordinates, or coordinates of the first location relative to the second location, to the mobile cleaning robot, and (e) send an instruction to the mobile cleaning robot to request the mobile cleaning robot to travel to the first location. | 1. (canceled) 2. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing processor-executable instructions for causing at least one data processor of a mobile computing device to:
determine a first set of coordinates of a region at a first location, including determining the first set of coordinates based at least in part on one or more first images of the region at the first location, wherein the one or more first images are captured using a camera of the mobile computing device; determine a second set of coordinates of a mobile cleaning robot at a second location, including determining the second set of coordinates based at least in part on one or more second images of the mobile cleaning robot at the second location, wherein the one or more second images are captured using the camera of the mobile computing device; and send, from the mobile computing device to the mobile cleaning robot, (i) information based on the first and second sets of coordinates and (ii) an instruction to request the mobile cleaning robot to travel to the first location. 3. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 2, in which sending an instruction to request the mobile cleaning robot to travel to the first location comprises sending an instruction to request the mobile cleaning robot to perform a cleaning function in the region at the first location. 4. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 2, in which sending information based on the first and second sets of coordinates comprises sending at least one of (i) the first set of coordinates and the second set of coordinates, or (ii) the coordinates of the first location relative to the second location. 5. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 2, in which determining the second set of coordinates of the second location comprises:
using a neural network to process an of the mobile cleaning robot to identify the mobile cleaning robot in the image. 6. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 5, in which determining the second set of coordinates of the second location comprises:
identifying a feature of the mobile cleaning robot in the image; determine coordinates of the feature; and assign the coordinates of the feature as the second set of coordinates of the second location. 7. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 2, storing instructions for causing the at least one data processor to:
determine, using the at least one data processor, an angle of orientation of the mobile cleaning robot based at least in part on images of the mobile cleaning robot, and sending the angle of orientation of the mobile cleaning robot to the mobile cleaning robot. 8. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 2, storing instructions for causing the at least one data processor to:
use a neural network to process images of the mobile cleaning robot, or images derived from the images of the mobile cleaning robot, to determine an angle of orientation of the mobile cleaning robot. 9. A method for spot cleaning using a mobile cleaning robot, the method comprising:
determining a first set of coordinates of a region at a first location, including determining the first set of coordinates based at least in part on one or more first images of the region at the first location, wherein the one or more first images are captured using a camera of the mobile computing device; determining a second set of coordinates of a mobile cleaning robot at a second location, including determining the second set of coordinates based at least in part on one or more second images of the mobile cleaning robot at the second location, wherein the one or more second images are captured using the camera of the mobile computing device; and sending, from the mobile computing device to the mobile cleaning robot, (i) information based on the first and second sets of coordinates and (ii) an instruction to request the mobile cleaning robot to travel to the first location. 10. The method of claim 9, in which sending an instruction to request the mobile cleaning robot to travel to the first location comprises sending an instruction to request the mobile cleaning robot to perform a cleaning function in the region at the first location. 11. The method of claim 9, in which sending information based on the first and second sets of coordinates comprises sending at least one of (i) the first set of coordinates and the second set of coordinates, or (ii) the coordinates of the first location relative to the second location. 12. The method of claim 9, in which determining the second set of coordinates of the second location comprises:
using a neural network to process an of the mobile cleaning robot to identify the mobile cleaning robot in the image. 13. The method of claim 12, in which determining the second set of coordinates of the second location comprises:
identifying a feature of the mobile cleaning robot in the image; determine coordinates of the feature; and assign the coordinates of the feature as the second set of coordinates of the second location. 14. The method of claim 9, comprising:
determining, using the at least one data processor, an angle of orientation of the mobile cleaning robot based at least in part on images of the mobile cleaning robot, and sending the angle of orientation of the mobile cleaning robot to the mobile cleaning robot. 15. The method of claim 9, comprising:
using a neural network to process images of the mobile cleaning robot, or images derived from the images of the mobile cleaning robot, to determine an angle of orientation of the mobile cleaning robot. 16. A system for enabling spot cleaning using a mobile cleaning robot, the system comprising:
a mobile computing device comprising:
at least one camera;
a storage device storing processor-executable instructions; and
at least one data processor communicatively coupled to the storage device, in which upon execution of the processor-executable instructions by the at least one data processor, the at least one data processor is configured to:
determine a first set of coordinates of a region at a first location, including determining the first set of coordinates based at least in part on one or more first images of the region at the first location, wherein the one or more first images are captured using a camera of the mobile computing device;
determine a second set of coordinates of a mobile cleaning robot at a second location, including determining the second set of coordinates based at least in part on one or more second images of the mobile cleaning robot at the second location, wherein the one or more second images are captured using the camera of the mobile computing device; and
send, from the mobile computing device to the mobile cleaning robot, (i) information based on the first and second sets of coordinates and (ii) an instruction to request the mobile cleaning robot to travel to the first location. 17. The system of claim 16, in which sending an instruction to request the mobile cleaning robot to travel to the first location comprises sending an instruction to request the mobile cleaning robot to perform a cleaning function in the region at the first location. 18. The system of claim 16, in which sending information based on the first and second sets of coordinates comprises sending at least one of (i) the first set of coordinates and the second set of coordinates, or (ii) the coordinates of the first location relative to the second location. 19. The system of claim 16, in which determining the second set of coordinates of the second location comprises:
using a neural network to process an of the mobile cleaning robot to identify the mobile cleaning robot in the image. 20. The system of claim 19, in which determining the second set of coordinates of the second location comprises:
identifying a feature of the mobile cleaning robot in the image; determine coordinates of the feature; and assign the coordinates of the feature as the second set of coordinates of the second location. 21. The system of claim 16, in which the at least one data processor is configured to:
determine, using the at least one data processor, an angle of orientation of the mobile cleaning robot based at least in part on images of the mobile cleaning robot, and send the angle of orientation of the mobile cleaning robot to the mobile cleaning robot. 22. The system of claim 16, in which the at least one data processor is configured to:
use a neural network to process images of the mobile cleaning robot, or images derived from the images of the mobile cleaning robot, to determine an angle of orientation of the mobile cleaning robot. | A system for enabling spot cleaning includes a mobile computing device and a mobile cleaning robot. The mobile computing device includes at least one camera configured to capture images of an environment, and at least one data processor configured to (a) establish, based at least in part on first information provided by the at least one image sensor, a coordinate system in the environment, (b) determine, based at least in part on second information provided by the at least one camera, a first set of coordinates of a region at a first location, (c) determine, based at least in part on third information provided by the at least one camera, a second set of coordinates of a mobile cleaning robot at a second location, (d) send the first set of coordinates and second set of coordinates, or coordinates of the first location relative to the second location, to the mobile cleaning robot, and (e) send an instruction to the mobile cleaning robot to request the mobile cleaning robot to travel to the first location.1. (canceled) 2. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing processor-executable instructions for causing at least one data processor of a mobile computing device to:
determine a first set of coordinates of a region at a first location, including determining the first set of coordinates based at least in part on one or more first images of the region at the first location, wherein the one or more first images are captured using a camera of the mobile computing device; determine a second set of coordinates of a mobile cleaning robot at a second location, including determining the second set of coordinates based at least in part on one or more second images of the mobile cleaning robot at the second location, wherein the one or more second images are captured using the camera of the mobile computing device; and send, from the mobile computing device to the mobile cleaning robot, (i) information based on the first and second sets of coordinates and (ii) an instruction to request the mobile cleaning robot to travel to the first location. 3. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 2, in which sending an instruction to request the mobile cleaning robot to travel to the first location comprises sending an instruction to request the mobile cleaning robot to perform a cleaning function in the region at the first location. 4. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 2, in which sending information based on the first and second sets of coordinates comprises sending at least one of (i) the first set of coordinates and the second set of coordinates, or (ii) the coordinates of the first location relative to the second location. 5. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 2, in which determining the second set of coordinates of the second location comprises:
using a neural network to process an of the mobile cleaning robot to identify the mobile cleaning robot in the image. 6. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 5, in which determining the second set of coordinates of the second location comprises:
identifying a feature of the mobile cleaning robot in the image; determine coordinates of the feature; and assign the coordinates of the feature as the second set of coordinates of the second location. 7. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 2, storing instructions for causing the at least one data processor to:
determine, using the at least one data processor, an angle of orientation of the mobile cleaning robot based at least in part on images of the mobile cleaning robot, and sending the angle of orientation of the mobile cleaning robot to the mobile cleaning robot. 8. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 2, storing instructions for causing the at least one data processor to:
use a neural network to process images of the mobile cleaning robot, or images derived from the images of the mobile cleaning robot, to determine an angle of orientation of the mobile cleaning robot. 9. A method for spot cleaning using a mobile cleaning robot, the method comprising:
determining a first set of coordinates of a region at a first location, including determining the first set of coordinates based at least in part on one or more first images of the region at the first location, wherein the one or more first images are captured using a camera of the mobile computing device; determining a second set of coordinates of a mobile cleaning robot at a second location, including determining the second set of coordinates based at least in part on one or more second images of the mobile cleaning robot at the second location, wherein the one or more second images are captured using the camera of the mobile computing device; and sending, from the mobile computing device to the mobile cleaning robot, (i) information based on the first and second sets of coordinates and (ii) an instruction to request the mobile cleaning robot to travel to the first location. 10. The method of claim 9, in which sending an instruction to request the mobile cleaning robot to travel to the first location comprises sending an instruction to request the mobile cleaning robot to perform a cleaning function in the region at the first location. 11. The method of claim 9, in which sending information based on the first and second sets of coordinates comprises sending at least one of (i) the first set of coordinates and the second set of coordinates, or (ii) the coordinates of the first location relative to the second location. 12. The method of claim 9, in which determining the second set of coordinates of the second location comprises:
using a neural network to process an of the mobile cleaning robot to identify the mobile cleaning robot in the image. 13. The method of claim 12, in which determining the second set of coordinates of the second location comprises:
identifying a feature of the mobile cleaning robot in the image; determine coordinates of the feature; and assign the coordinates of the feature as the second set of coordinates of the second location. 14. The method of claim 9, comprising:
determining, using the at least one data processor, an angle of orientation of the mobile cleaning robot based at least in part on images of the mobile cleaning robot, and sending the angle of orientation of the mobile cleaning robot to the mobile cleaning robot. 15. The method of claim 9, comprising:
using a neural network to process images of the mobile cleaning robot, or images derived from the images of the mobile cleaning robot, to determine an angle of orientation of the mobile cleaning robot. 16. A system for enabling spot cleaning using a mobile cleaning robot, the system comprising:
a mobile computing device comprising:
at least one camera;
a storage device storing processor-executable instructions; and
at least one data processor communicatively coupled to the storage device, in which upon execution of the processor-executable instructions by the at least one data processor, the at least one data processor is configured to:
determine a first set of coordinates of a region at a first location, including determining the first set of coordinates based at least in part on one or more first images of the region at the first location, wherein the one or more first images are captured using a camera of the mobile computing device;
determine a second set of coordinates of a mobile cleaning robot at a second location, including determining the second set of coordinates based at least in part on one or more second images of the mobile cleaning robot at the second location, wherein the one or more second images are captured using the camera of the mobile computing device; and
send, from the mobile computing device to the mobile cleaning robot, (i) information based on the first and second sets of coordinates and (ii) an instruction to request the mobile cleaning robot to travel to the first location. 17. The system of claim 16, in which sending an instruction to request the mobile cleaning robot to travel to the first location comprises sending an instruction to request the mobile cleaning robot to perform a cleaning function in the region at the first location. 18. The system of claim 16, in which sending information based on the first and second sets of coordinates comprises sending at least one of (i) the first set of coordinates and the second set of coordinates, or (ii) the coordinates of the first location relative to the second location. 19. The system of claim 16, in which determining the second set of coordinates of the second location comprises:
using a neural network to process an of the mobile cleaning robot to identify the mobile cleaning robot in the image. 20. The system of claim 19, in which determining the second set of coordinates of the second location comprises:
identifying a feature of the mobile cleaning robot in the image; determine coordinates of the feature; and assign the coordinates of the feature as the second set of coordinates of the second location. 21. The system of claim 16, in which the at least one data processor is configured to:
determine, using the at least one data processor, an angle of orientation of the mobile cleaning robot based at least in part on images of the mobile cleaning robot, and send the angle of orientation of the mobile cleaning robot to the mobile cleaning robot. 22. The system of claim 16, in which the at least one data processor is configured to:
use a neural network to process images of the mobile cleaning robot, or images derived from the images of the mobile cleaning robot, to determine an angle of orientation of the mobile cleaning robot. | 2,800 |
349,116 | 16,806,669 | 2,891 | A silicon carbide semiconductor device includes a silicon carbide semiconductor substrate, a first semiconductor layer and a first semiconductor region each of a first conductivity type, and a first base region, a second semiconductor layer and a second semiconductor region each of a second conductivity type. The first base region opposes the second semiconductor region in a depth direction. A distribution of point defects in a depth direction from a first surface of the second semiconductor region, opposite a second surface of the second semiconductor region facing toward a front surface of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate has two peaks at positions deeper than an interface between the first semiconductor layer and the first base region, where a first peak at a deeper position of the two peaks has a greater quantity of the point defects than does a second peak at a shallower position of the two peaks. | 1. A silicon carbide semiconductor device, comprising:
a silicon carbide semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type, having a front surface and a back surface opposite to the front surface; a first semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type, provided on the front surface of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate, and containing silicon carbide, the first semiconductor layer having an impurity concentration lower than an impurity concentration of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate, and further having a first side, and a second side opposite to the first side and facing the front surface of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate; a first base region of a second conductivity type, selectively provided in the first semiconductor layer, the first base having a first surface, and a second surface opposite to the first surface and facing the front surface of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate; a second semiconductor layer of the second conductivity type, provided on the first side of the first semiconductor layer, and containing silicon carbide; a first semiconductor region of the first conductivity type, selectively provided in a surface layer of the second semiconductor layer; a second semiconductor region of the second conductivity type, selectively provided in the surface layer of the second semiconductor layer, and being in contact with the first semiconductor region, the second semiconductor region having a first surface, and a second surface opposite to the first surface and facing the front surface of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate; a first electrode in contact with the first semiconductor region and the second semiconductor region; and a second electrode provided on the back surface of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate, wherein the first base region is provided so as to overlap the second semiconductor region in a depth direction, in the second semiconductor region, a distribution of point defects in the depth direction from the first surface of the second semiconductor region has first and second peaks at positions deeper than a position of an interface between the first semiconductor layer and the second surface of the first base region, and the first peak has a deeper position than does the first peak and has a greater quantity of the point defects than does the second peak. 2. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the surface layer of the second semiconductor layer has a region that is free of the second semiconductor region, in the region free of the second semiconductor region, a distribution of point defects in the depth direction from a first surface of the region of the surface layer of the second semiconductor layer has one third peak at a position deeper than a position of an interface between the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer, the first surface of the region being opposite to a second surface of the region of the surface layer of the second semiconductor layer facing the front surface of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate, and the third peak has a smaller quantity of the point defects than does the first peak. 3. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein
the region that is free of the second semiconductor region is of the first conductivity type. 4. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein
the region that is free of the second semiconductor region has a SBD structure, a JBS structure, a PiN structure, or a MPS structure. 5. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein
the region that is free of the second semiconductor region is a JFET region. 6. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein
the region that is free of the second semiconductor region is a part of the first semiconductor region. 7. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 2, further comprising:
a trench that penetrates the second semiconductor layer and the first semiconductor region, and reaches the first semiconductor layer; a second base region of the second conductivity type, selectively provided in the first semiconductor layer so as to contact a bottom of the trench; a gate electrode provided in the trench via a gate insulating film; and an interlayer insulating film provided on the gate electrode, wherein the region that is free of the second semiconductor region is located between the bottom of the trench and the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate. 8. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the first base region contains aluminum as an impurity. 9. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the first semiconductor layer and the first semiconductor region contain nitrogen or phosphorus as an impurity. 10. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
an impurity contained in the first base region has an atomic number larger than an atomic number of an impurity contained in the first semiconductor layer and the first semiconductor region. 11. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
an impurity concentration of the first base region is higher than an impurity concentration of the second semiconductor region. 12. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
a depth of the second peak from the interface between the first semiconductor layer and the second surface of the first base region is at least a thickness of the second semiconductor layer and at most a distance from a first surface of the second semiconductor layer to the second surface of the second base region facing toward the front surface of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate, the second semiconductor layer having the first surface, and a second surface opposite to the first surface and facing the front surface of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate. 13. A method of manufacturing a silicon carbide semiconductor device, the method comprising:
forming on a front surface of a silicon carbide semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type, a first semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type, the first semiconductor layer containing silicon carbide and having an impurity concentration lower than an impurity concentration of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate; selectively forming a first base region of a second conductivity type in the first semiconductor layer; forming on a first surface of first semiconductor layer opposite to a second surface thereof facing toward the front surface of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate, a second semiconductor layer of the second conductivity type and containing silicon carbide; selectively forming in a surface region of the second semiconductor layer, a first semiconductor region of the first conductivity type; selectively forming in a surface layer of the second semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor region of the second conductivity type in contact with the first semiconductor region; forming a first electrode in contact with the first semiconductor region and the second semiconductor region; and forming a second electrode on a back surface of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate, wherein forming the first base region includes forming the first base region at a position overlapping the second semiconductor region in a depth direction, forming the first base region and forming the second semiconductor region include forming the first base region and the second semiconductor region so that a distribution of point defects in the depth direction from a first surface of the second semiconductor region, the first surface of the second semiconductor region being opposite to a second surface of the second semiconductor region facing the front surface of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate, has two peaks at positions deeper than an interface between the first semiconductor layer and the first base region, a first peak of the two peaks being at a position deeper than a shallower second peak of the two peaks, and having a greater quantity of the point defects than does the second peak. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein
forming the first base region includes forming the first base region by ion implantation, and forming the second semiconductor region includes forming the second semiconductor region by ion implantation. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein
an acceleration energy of the ion implantation forming the first base region is greater than an acceleration energy of the ion implantation forming the second semiconductor region. 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein
forming the first base region includes implanting bivalent or trivalent ions. 17. The method according to claim 13, wherein
forming the second semiconductor layer includes forming the second semiconductor layer by epitaxial growth. | A silicon carbide semiconductor device includes a silicon carbide semiconductor substrate, a first semiconductor layer and a first semiconductor region each of a first conductivity type, and a first base region, a second semiconductor layer and a second semiconductor region each of a second conductivity type. The first base region opposes the second semiconductor region in a depth direction. A distribution of point defects in a depth direction from a first surface of the second semiconductor region, opposite a second surface of the second semiconductor region facing toward a front surface of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate has two peaks at positions deeper than an interface between the first semiconductor layer and the first base region, where a first peak at a deeper position of the two peaks has a greater quantity of the point defects than does a second peak at a shallower position of the two peaks.1. A silicon carbide semiconductor device, comprising:
a silicon carbide semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type, having a front surface and a back surface opposite to the front surface; a first semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type, provided on the front surface of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate, and containing silicon carbide, the first semiconductor layer having an impurity concentration lower than an impurity concentration of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate, and further having a first side, and a second side opposite to the first side and facing the front surface of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate; a first base region of a second conductivity type, selectively provided in the first semiconductor layer, the first base having a first surface, and a second surface opposite to the first surface and facing the front surface of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate; a second semiconductor layer of the second conductivity type, provided on the first side of the first semiconductor layer, and containing silicon carbide; a first semiconductor region of the first conductivity type, selectively provided in a surface layer of the second semiconductor layer; a second semiconductor region of the second conductivity type, selectively provided in the surface layer of the second semiconductor layer, and being in contact with the first semiconductor region, the second semiconductor region having a first surface, and a second surface opposite to the first surface and facing the front surface of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate; a first electrode in contact with the first semiconductor region and the second semiconductor region; and a second electrode provided on the back surface of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate, wherein the first base region is provided so as to overlap the second semiconductor region in a depth direction, in the second semiconductor region, a distribution of point defects in the depth direction from the first surface of the second semiconductor region has first and second peaks at positions deeper than a position of an interface between the first semiconductor layer and the second surface of the first base region, and the first peak has a deeper position than does the first peak and has a greater quantity of the point defects than does the second peak. 2. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the surface layer of the second semiconductor layer has a region that is free of the second semiconductor region, in the region free of the second semiconductor region, a distribution of point defects in the depth direction from a first surface of the region of the surface layer of the second semiconductor layer has one third peak at a position deeper than a position of an interface between the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer, the first surface of the region being opposite to a second surface of the region of the surface layer of the second semiconductor layer facing the front surface of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate, and the third peak has a smaller quantity of the point defects than does the first peak. 3. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein
the region that is free of the second semiconductor region is of the first conductivity type. 4. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein
the region that is free of the second semiconductor region has a SBD structure, a JBS structure, a PiN structure, or a MPS structure. 5. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein
the region that is free of the second semiconductor region is a JFET region. 6. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein
the region that is free of the second semiconductor region is a part of the first semiconductor region. 7. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 2, further comprising:
a trench that penetrates the second semiconductor layer and the first semiconductor region, and reaches the first semiconductor layer; a second base region of the second conductivity type, selectively provided in the first semiconductor layer so as to contact a bottom of the trench; a gate electrode provided in the trench via a gate insulating film; and an interlayer insulating film provided on the gate electrode, wherein the region that is free of the second semiconductor region is located between the bottom of the trench and the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate. 8. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the first base region contains aluminum as an impurity. 9. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the first semiconductor layer and the first semiconductor region contain nitrogen or phosphorus as an impurity. 10. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
an impurity contained in the first base region has an atomic number larger than an atomic number of an impurity contained in the first semiconductor layer and the first semiconductor region. 11. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
an impurity concentration of the first base region is higher than an impurity concentration of the second semiconductor region. 12. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
a depth of the second peak from the interface between the first semiconductor layer and the second surface of the first base region is at least a thickness of the second semiconductor layer and at most a distance from a first surface of the second semiconductor layer to the second surface of the second base region facing toward the front surface of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate, the second semiconductor layer having the first surface, and a second surface opposite to the first surface and facing the front surface of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate. 13. A method of manufacturing a silicon carbide semiconductor device, the method comprising:
forming on a front surface of a silicon carbide semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type, a first semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type, the first semiconductor layer containing silicon carbide and having an impurity concentration lower than an impurity concentration of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate; selectively forming a first base region of a second conductivity type in the first semiconductor layer; forming on a first surface of first semiconductor layer opposite to a second surface thereof facing toward the front surface of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate, a second semiconductor layer of the second conductivity type and containing silicon carbide; selectively forming in a surface region of the second semiconductor layer, a first semiconductor region of the first conductivity type; selectively forming in a surface layer of the second semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor region of the second conductivity type in contact with the first semiconductor region; forming a first electrode in contact with the first semiconductor region and the second semiconductor region; and forming a second electrode on a back surface of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate, wherein forming the first base region includes forming the first base region at a position overlapping the second semiconductor region in a depth direction, forming the first base region and forming the second semiconductor region include forming the first base region and the second semiconductor region so that a distribution of point defects in the depth direction from a first surface of the second semiconductor region, the first surface of the second semiconductor region being opposite to a second surface of the second semiconductor region facing the front surface of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate, has two peaks at positions deeper than an interface between the first semiconductor layer and the first base region, a first peak of the two peaks being at a position deeper than a shallower second peak of the two peaks, and having a greater quantity of the point defects than does the second peak. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein
forming the first base region includes forming the first base region by ion implantation, and forming the second semiconductor region includes forming the second semiconductor region by ion implantation. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein
an acceleration energy of the ion implantation forming the first base region is greater than an acceleration energy of the ion implantation forming the second semiconductor region. 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein
forming the first base region includes implanting bivalent or trivalent ions. 17. The method according to claim 13, wherein
forming the second semiconductor layer includes forming the second semiconductor layer by epitaxial growth. | 2,800 |
349,117 | 16,806,637 | 2,891 | This specification describes a power distribution system comprising a first section that receives power from a first source. The power at the first section is adjusted by a rectifier coupled to a power bus of the first section. The system includes a second section that is separate from the first section and that receives power from a second source. The power at the second section is adjusted by a rectifier coupled to a power bus of the second distribution section. The system includes a swing rectifier connected to each of the first and second sections. The swing rectifier is configured to provide power to the first power bus and to the second power bus and to dynamically adjust the power capacity of the first section that is available to computing loads, and to dynamically adjust the power capacity of the second section that is available to computing loads. | 1. An electronic system comprising:
at least one control device that includes one or more processing devices; and one or more machine-readable storage devices storing instructions that are executable by the one or more processing devices to perform operations comprising:
monitoring power received by a first distribution section, from at least one power source, wherein a characteristic of the received power is adjusted by a first rectifier unit coupled to a first power bus of the first distribution section;
monitoring power received by a second distribution section from at least one power source, the second distribution system being separate from the first distribution section, and wherein a characteristic of the received power is adjusted by a second rectifier unit coupled to a second power bus of the second distribution section;
causing, using a first swing rectifier connected to the first distribution section and to the second distribution section, dynamic adjustment of a power capacity of the first distribution section that is available to one or more loads and dynamic adjustment of a power capacity of the second distribution section that is available to one or more loads. 2. The electronic system of claim 1, wherein causing the dynamic adjustment comprises:
using the first swing rectifier to provide power to the first power bus in response to a demand for power exceeding a threshold demand, and using the first swing rectifier to provide power to the second power bus in response to the demand for power exceeding a threshold demand. 3. The electronic system of claim 2, further comprising:
a first switch breaker unit associated with the first power bus and disposed in the first distribution section, and a second switch breaker unit associated with the second power bus and disposed in the second distribution section, wherein the first and second switch breaker units each include a power rating that is indicative of a total power output of the respective first and second distribution sections. 4. The electronic system of claim 3, wherein the operations further comprise:
engaging a swing function of the first swing rectifier; and increasing an amount of available power to be provided to the one or more loads in response to engaging the swing function of the first swing rectifier. 5. The electronic system of claim 4, wherein the first swing rectifier is coupled to the first and second switch breaker units to enable the provision of available power from the first power bus and from the second power bus. 6. The electronic system of claim 1, wherein:
the first distribution section further includes at least one additional rectifier unit that cooperates with the first rectifier unit to form a ring bus architecture for the first power bus; and the operations further comprise:
providing, by the control device, a control signal to cause the distribution of adjusted power to the one or more loads; and
monitoring adjusted power received by the ring bus from each of the rectifier units. 7. The electronic system of claim 6, wherein:
the second distribution section further includes at least one additional rectifier unit that cooperates with the second rectifier unit to form a ring bus architecture for the second power bus; and the operations further comprise:
providing, by the control device, a control signal to cause the distribution of adjusted power to the one or more loads; and
monitoring adjusted power received by the ring bus from each of the rectifier units. 8. The electronic system of claim 1, wherein the first distribution section and second distribution section are arranged in a radial power distribution architecture to provide power to a plurality of devices disposed within a data center facility. 9. A method comprising:
monitoring power received by a first distribution section, from at least one power source, wherein a characteristic of the received power is adjusted by a first rectifier unit coupled to a first power bus of the first distribution section; monitoring power received by a second distribution section from at least one power source, the second distribution system being separate from the first distribution section, and wherein a characteristic of the received power is adjusted by a second rectifier unit coupled to a second power bus of the second distribution section; causing, using a first swing rectifier connected to the first distribution section and to the second distribution section, dynamic adjustment of a power capacity of the first distribution section that is available to one or more loads and dynamic adjustment of a power capacity of the second distribution section that is available to one or more loads. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein causing the dynamic adjustment comprises:
using the first swing rectifier to provide power to the first power bus in response to a demand for power exceeding a threshold demand, and using the first swing rectifier to provide power to the second power bus in response to the demand for power exceeding a threshold demand. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein:
a first switch breaker unit is associated with the first power bus and disposed in the first distribution section, and a second switch breaker unit is associated with the second power bus and disposed in the second distribution section, wherein the first and second switch breaker units each include a power rating that is indicative of a total power output of the respective first and second distribution sections. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
engaging a swing function of the first swing rectifier; and increasing an amount of available power to be provided to the one or more loads in response to engaging the swing function of the first swing rectifier. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first swing rectifier is coupled to the first and second switch breaker units to enable the provision of available power from the first power bus and from the second power bus. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein:
the first distribution section further includes at least one additional rectifier unit that cooperates with the first rectifier unit to form a ring bus architecture for the first power bus; and the method further comprises:
providing a control signal to cause the distribution of adjusted power to the one or more loads; and
monitoring adjusted power received by the ring bus from each of the rectifier units. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the second distribution section further includes at least one additional rectifier unit that cooperates with the second rectifier unit to form a ring bus architecture for the second power bus; and the method further comprises:
providing a control signal to cause the distribution of adjusted power to the one or more loads; and
monitoring adjusted power received by the ring bus from each of the rectifier units. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the first distribution section and second distribution section are arranged in a radial power distribution architecture to provide power to a plurality of devices disposed within a data center facility. 17. One or more machine-readable storage devices storing instructions that are executable by the one or more processing devices to perform operations comprising:
monitoring power received by a first distribution section, from at least one power source, wherein a characteristic of the received power is adjusted by a first rectifier unit coupled to a first power bus of the first distribution section; monitoring power received by a second distribution section from at least one power source, the second distribution system being separate from the first distribution section, and wherein a characteristic of the received power is adjusted by a second rectifier unit coupled to a second power bus of the second distribution section; causing, using a first swing rectifier connected to the first distribution section and to the second distribution section, dynamic adjustment of a power capacity of the first distribution section that is available to one or more loads and dynamic adjustment of a power capacity of the second distribution section that is available to one or more loads. | This specification describes a power distribution system comprising a first section that receives power from a first source. The power at the first section is adjusted by a rectifier coupled to a power bus of the first section. The system includes a second section that is separate from the first section and that receives power from a second source. The power at the second section is adjusted by a rectifier coupled to a power bus of the second distribution section. The system includes a swing rectifier connected to each of the first and second sections. The swing rectifier is configured to provide power to the first power bus and to the second power bus and to dynamically adjust the power capacity of the first section that is available to computing loads, and to dynamically adjust the power capacity of the second section that is available to computing loads.1. An electronic system comprising:
at least one control device that includes one or more processing devices; and one or more machine-readable storage devices storing instructions that are executable by the one or more processing devices to perform operations comprising:
monitoring power received by a first distribution section, from at least one power source, wherein a characteristic of the received power is adjusted by a first rectifier unit coupled to a first power bus of the first distribution section;
monitoring power received by a second distribution section from at least one power source, the second distribution system being separate from the first distribution section, and wherein a characteristic of the received power is adjusted by a second rectifier unit coupled to a second power bus of the second distribution section;
causing, using a first swing rectifier connected to the first distribution section and to the second distribution section, dynamic adjustment of a power capacity of the first distribution section that is available to one or more loads and dynamic adjustment of a power capacity of the second distribution section that is available to one or more loads. 2. The electronic system of claim 1, wherein causing the dynamic adjustment comprises:
using the first swing rectifier to provide power to the first power bus in response to a demand for power exceeding a threshold demand, and using the first swing rectifier to provide power to the second power bus in response to the demand for power exceeding a threshold demand. 3. The electronic system of claim 2, further comprising:
a first switch breaker unit associated with the first power bus and disposed in the first distribution section, and a second switch breaker unit associated with the second power bus and disposed in the second distribution section, wherein the first and second switch breaker units each include a power rating that is indicative of a total power output of the respective first and second distribution sections. 4. The electronic system of claim 3, wherein the operations further comprise:
engaging a swing function of the first swing rectifier; and increasing an amount of available power to be provided to the one or more loads in response to engaging the swing function of the first swing rectifier. 5. The electronic system of claim 4, wherein the first swing rectifier is coupled to the first and second switch breaker units to enable the provision of available power from the first power bus and from the second power bus. 6. The electronic system of claim 1, wherein:
the first distribution section further includes at least one additional rectifier unit that cooperates with the first rectifier unit to form a ring bus architecture for the first power bus; and the operations further comprise:
providing, by the control device, a control signal to cause the distribution of adjusted power to the one or more loads; and
monitoring adjusted power received by the ring bus from each of the rectifier units. 7. The electronic system of claim 6, wherein:
the second distribution section further includes at least one additional rectifier unit that cooperates with the second rectifier unit to form a ring bus architecture for the second power bus; and the operations further comprise:
providing, by the control device, a control signal to cause the distribution of adjusted power to the one or more loads; and
monitoring adjusted power received by the ring bus from each of the rectifier units. 8. The electronic system of claim 1, wherein the first distribution section and second distribution section are arranged in a radial power distribution architecture to provide power to a plurality of devices disposed within a data center facility. 9. A method comprising:
monitoring power received by a first distribution section, from at least one power source, wherein a characteristic of the received power is adjusted by a first rectifier unit coupled to a first power bus of the first distribution section; monitoring power received by a second distribution section from at least one power source, the second distribution system being separate from the first distribution section, and wherein a characteristic of the received power is adjusted by a second rectifier unit coupled to a second power bus of the second distribution section; causing, using a first swing rectifier connected to the first distribution section and to the second distribution section, dynamic adjustment of a power capacity of the first distribution section that is available to one or more loads and dynamic adjustment of a power capacity of the second distribution section that is available to one or more loads. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein causing the dynamic adjustment comprises:
using the first swing rectifier to provide power to the first power bus in response to a demand for power exceeding a threshold demand, and using the first swing rectifier to provide power to the second power bus in response to the demand for power exceeding a threshold demand. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein:
a first switch breaker unit is associated with the first power bus and disposed in the first distribution section, and a second switch breaker unit is associated with the second power bus and disposed in the second distribution section, wherein the first and second switch breaker units each include a power rating that is indicative of a total power output of the respective first and second distribution sections. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
engaging a swing function of the first swing rectifier; and increasing an amount of available power to be provided to the one or more loads in response to engaging the swing function of the first swing rectifier. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first swing rectifier is coupled to the first and second switch breaker units to enable the provision of available power from the first power bus and from the second power bus. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein:
the first distribution section further includes at least one additional rectifier unit that cooperates with the first rectifier unit to form a ring bus architecture for the first power bus; and the method further comprises:
providing a control signal to cause the distribution of adjusted power to the one or more loads; and
monitoring adjusted power received by the ring bus from each of the rectifier units. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the second distribution section further includes at least one additional rectifier unit that cooperates with the second rectifier unit to form a ring bus architecture for the second power bus; and the method further comprises:
providing a control signal to cause the distribution of adjusted power to the one or more loads; and
monitoring adjusted power received by the ring bus from each of the rectifier units. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the first distribution section and second distribution section are arranged in a radial power distribution architecture to provide power to a plurality of devices disposed within a data center facility. 17. One or more machine-readable storage devices storing instructions that are executable by the one or more processing devices to perform operations comprising:
monitoring power received by a first distribution section, from at least one power source, wherein a characteristic of the received power is adjusted by a first rectifier unit coupled to a first power bus of the first distribution section; monitoring power received by a second distribution section from at least one power source, the second distribution system being separate from the first distribution section, and wherein a characteristic of the received power is adjusted by a second rectifier unit coupled to a second power bus of the second distribution section; causing, using a first swing rectifier connected to the first distribution section and to the second distribution section, dynamic adjustment of a power capacity of the first distribution section that is available to one or more loads and dynamic adjustment of a power capacity of the second distribution section that is available to one or more loads. | 2,800 |
349,118 | 16,806,656 | 2,891 | Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to an apparatus and a method for cleaning a processing chamber. In one embodiment, a substrate support cover includes a bulk member coated with a fluoride coating. The substrate support cover is placed on a substrate support disposed in the processing chamber during a cleaning process. The fluoride coating does not react with the cleaning species. The substrate support cover protects the substrate support from reacting with the cleaning species, leading to reduced condensation formed on chamber components, which in turn leads to reduced contamination of the substrate in subsequent processes. | 1. A processing chamber, comprising:
a chamber body; a substrate support disposed in the chamber body, the substrate support comprising a surface and a side surface connected to the surface; and a substrate support cover removably disposed on the substrate support, the substrate support cover comprising a fluoride material and being exposed to a processing region in the processing chamber. 2. The processing chamber of claim 1, wherein the fluoride material comprises magnesium fluoride or a rare earth fluoride. 3. The processing chamber of claim 2, wherein the rare earth fluoride comprises yttrium fluoride, or lanthanum fluoride. 4. The processing chamber of claim 3, wherein the lanthanum fluoride is doped with boron and/or carbon. 5. The processing chamber of claim 1, wherein the substrate support cover further comprises a plate having a smaller diameter than the substrate support. 6. The processing chamber of claim 5, wherein the substrate support cover further comprising a side cover, wherein the side cover is disposed on a portion of the surface of the substrate support, and wherein the side cover faces the side surface. 7. The processing chamber of claim 1, wherein the substrate support cover further comprises a first surface in contact with the surface of the substrate support, a second surface opposite the first surface, a third surface extending from the first surface and facing the side surface of the substrate support, a fourth surface extending from the second surface and opposite the third surface, and a fifth surface connecting the third surface and the fourth surface. 8. The processing chamber of claim 7, wherein the substrate support cover further comprises a bulk layer including the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth surfaces, wherein the substrate support cover further comprises a coating layer disposed on at least one of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth surfaces of the bulk layer, and the coating layer comprises the fluoride material. 9. The processing chamber of claim 8, wherein the bulk layer comprises silicon, silicon dioxide, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide, or quartz, and the fluoride material comprises magnesium fluoride or a rare earth fluoride. 10. The processing chamber of claim 9, wherein the rare earth fluoride comprises yttrium fluoride, or lanthanum fluoride. 11. The processing chamber of claim 10, wherein the lanthanum fluoride is doped with boron and/or carbon. 12. The processing chamber of claim 1, wherein the substrate support cover further comprises a plate having a same diameter as the substrate support. 13. The processing chamber of claim 1, wherein the substrate support cover further comprises a bulk layer having a first, second, third, and fourth surfaces, wherein the substrate support cover further comprises a coating layer disposed on at least one of the first, second third, and fourth surfaces of the bulk layer, wherein the coating layer comprises the fluoride material. 14. The processing chamber of claim 13, wherein the bulk layer comprises silicon, silicon dioxide, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide, or quartz, and the fluoride material comprises magnesium fluoride or a rare earth fluoride. 15. The processing chamber of claim 14, wherein the rare earth fluoride comprises yttrium fluoride, or lanthanum fluoride. 16. The processing chamber of claim 15, wherein the lanthanum fluoride is doped with boron and/or carbon. 17. A method, comprising:
removing a substrate from a processing chamber; placing a substrate support cover on a substrate support disposed in the processing chamber, the substrate support cover comprises a fluoride material; and performing a cleaning process in the processing chamber while the substrate support cover is on the substrate support, the fluoride material of the substrate support cover being exposed to a cleaning gas or cleaning species during the cleaning process. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising performing a seasoning process in the processing chamber after the cleaning process, wherein the seasoning process is performed with the substrate support cover disposed on the substrate support. 19. A substrate support cover, comprising:
a plate comprising a fluoride material; and a side cover movably coupled to the plate, the side cover extending through the plate. 20. The substrate support cover of claim 19, wherein the side cover comprises two or more segments. | Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to an apparatus and a method for cleaning a processing chamber. In one embodiment, a substrate support cover includes a bulk member coated with a fluoride coating. The substrate support cover is placed on a substrate support disposed in the processing chamber during a cleaning process. The fluoride coating does not react with the cleaning species. The substrate support cover protects the substrate support from reacting with the cleaning species, leading to reduced condensation formed on chamber components, which in turn leads to reduced contamination of the substrate in subsequent processes.1. A processing chamber, comprising:
a chamber body; a substrate support disposed in the chamber body, the substrate support comprising a surface and a side surface connected to the surface; and a substrate support cover removably disposed on the substrate support, the substrate support cover comprising a fluoride material and being exposed to a processing region in the processing chamber. 2. The processing chamber of claim 1, wherein the fluoride material comprises magnesium fluoride or a rare earth fluoride. 3. The processing chamber of claim 2, wherein the rare earth fluoride comprises yttrium fluoride, or lanthanum fluoride. 4. The processing chamber of claim 3, wherein the lanthanum fluoride is doped with boron and/or carbon. 5. The processing chamber of claim 1, wherein the substrate support cover further comprises a plate having a smaller diameter than the substrate support. 6. The processing chamber of claim 5, wherein the substrate support cover further comprising a side cover, wherein the side cover is disposed on a portion of the surface of the substrate support, and wherein the side cover faces the side surface. 7. The processing chamber of claim 1, wherein the substrate support cover further comprises a first surface in contact with the surface of the substrate support, a second surface opposite the first surface, a third surface extending from the first surface and facing the side surface of the substrate support, a fourth surface extending from the second surface and opposite the third surface, and a fifth surface connecting the third surface and the fourth surface. 8. The processing chamber of claim 7, wherein the substrate support cover further comprises a bulk layer including the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth surfaces, wherein the substrate support cover further comprises a coating layer disposed on at least one of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth surfaces of the bulk layer, and the coating layer comprises the fluoride material. 9. The processing chamber of claim 8, wherein the bulk layer comprises silicon, silicon dioxide, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide, or quartz, and the fluoride material comprises magnesium fluoride or a rare earth fluoride. 10. The processing chamber of claim 9, wherein the rare earth fluoride comprises yttrium fluoride, or lanthanum fluoride. 11. The processing chamber of claim 10, wherein the lanthanum fluoride is doped with boron and/or carbon. 12. The processing chamber of claim 1, wherein the substrate support cover further comprises a plate having a same diameter as the substrate support. 13. The processing chamber of claim 1, wherein the substrate support cover further comprises a bulk layer having a first, second, third, and fourth surfaces, wherein the substrate support cover further comprises a coating layer disposed on at least one of the first, second third, and fourth surfaces of the bulk layer, wherein the coating layer comprises the fluoride material. 14. The processing chamber of claim 13, wherein the bulk layer comprises silicon, silicon dioxide, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide, or quartz, and the fluoride material comprises magnesium fluoride or a rare earth fluoride. 15. The processing chamber of claim 14, wherein the rare earth fluoride comprises yttrium fluoride, or lanthanum fluoride. 16. The processing chamber of claim 15, wherein the lanthanum fluoride is doped with boron and/or carbon. 17. A method, comprising:
removing a substrate from a processing chamber; placing a substrate support cover on a substrate support disposed in the processing chamber, the substrate support cover comprises a fluoride material; and performing a cleaning process in the processing chamber while the substrate support cover is on the substrate support, the fluoride material of the substrate support cover being exposed to a cleaning gas or cleaning species during the cleaning process. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising performing a seasoning process in the processing chamber after the cleaning process, wherein the seasoning process is performed with the substrate support cover disposed on the substrate support. 19. A substrate support cover, comprising:
a plate comprising a fluoride material; and a side cover movably coupled to the plate, the side cover extending through the plate. 20. The substrate support cover of claim 19, wherein the side cover comprises two or more segments. | 2,800 |
349,119 | 16,806,690 | 2,891 | Improvements to traditional schemes for storing data for processing tasks and for executing those processing tasks are disclosed. A set of data for which processing tasks are to be executed is processed through a hierarchy to distribute the data through various elements of a computer system. Levels of the hierarchy represent different types of memory or storage elements. Higher levels represent coarser portions of memory or storage elements and lower levels represent finer portions of memory or storage elements. Data proceeds through the hierarchy as “tasks” at different levels. Tasks at non-leaf nodes comprise tasks to subdivide data for storage in the finer granularity memories or storage units associated with a lower hierarchy level. Tasks at leaf nodes comprise processing work, such as a portion of a calculation. Two techniques for organizing the tasks in the hierarchy presented herein include a queue-based technique and a graph-based technique. | 1. A method for processing data, the method comprising:
initiating, at non-leaf nodes of a data access hierarchy, tasks for division of data and transmitting tasks to nodes at lower levels of the data access hierarchy; and initiating, at leaf nodes of the data access hierarchy, tasks for payload processing, wherein each task for payload processing performed at the leaf nodes is performed on a data chunk having a size specified by an application, wherein tasks at the leaf nodes do not divide data chunks for transmission to any other nodes for processing. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the tasks at the leaf nodes comprise tasks specified by the application. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the tasks at the leaf nodes comprise tasks for processing chunks having a smallest-size of all chunks of data processed through the data access hierarchy. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein tasks at the non-leaf nodes comprise tasks, specified by the application, for dividing data for transmission to a lower level of the data access hierarchy. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the tasks at the leaf nodes comprise payload processing tasks specified by the application. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
each non-leaf node of the data access hierarchy is specified with a chunk size, wherein the chunk size comprises the size of data upon which tasks of the non-leaf nodes are performed. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein:
the data access hierarchy includes a first hierarchy level and a second hierarchy level below the first hierarchy level, wherein the first hierarchy level is associated with the same type of memory unit or storage unit as the second hierarchy level. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein a chunk size for tasks at the first hierarchy level is larger than a chunk size for tasks at the second hierarchy level. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the data access hierarchy includes a first hierarchy level and a second hierarchy level below the first hierarchy level, wherein the first hierarchy level is associated with a different type of memory unit or storage unit as the second hierarchy level. 10. A system for processing data, the system comprising:
a memory system; and one or more processors configured to: initiate, at non-leaf nodes of a data access hierarchy, tasks for division of data and transmitting tasks to nodes at lower levels of the data access hierarchy; and initiate, at leaf nodes of the data access hierarchy, tasks for payload processing, wherein each task for payload processing performed at the leaf nodes is performed on a data chunk having a size specified by an application, wherein tasks at the leaf nodes do not divide data chunks for transmission to any other nodes for processing. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the tasks at the leaf nodes comprise tasks specified by the application. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the tasks at the leaf nodes comprise tasks for processing chunks having a smallest-size of all chunks of data processed through the data access hierarchy. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein tasks at the non-leaf nodes comprise tasks, specified by the application, for dividing data for transmission to a lower level of the data access hierarchy. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the tasks at the leaf nodes comprise payload processing tasks specified by the application. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein:
each non-leaf node of the data access hierarchy is specified with a chunk size, wherein the chunk size comprises the size of data upon which tasks of the non-leaf nodes are performed. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein:
the data access hierarchy includes a first hierarchy level and a second hierarchy level below the first hierarchy level, wherein the first hierarchy level is associated with the same type of memory unit or storage unit as the second hierarchy level. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein a chunk size for tasks at the first hierarchy level is larger than a chunk size for tasks at the second hierarchy level. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the data access hierarchy includes a first hierarchy level and a second hierarchy level below the first hierarchy level, wherein the first hierarchy level is associated with a different type of memory unit or storage unit as the second hierarchy level. 19. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
initiate, at non-leaf nodes of a data access hierarchy, tasks for division of data and transmitting tasks to nodes at lower levels of the data access hierarchy; and initiate, at leaf nodes of the data access hierarchy, tasks for payload processing, wherein each task for payload processing performed at the leaf nodes is performed on a data chunk having a size specified by an application, wherein tasks at the leaf nodes do not divide data chunks for transmission to any other nodes for processing. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the tasks at the leaf nodes comprise tasks specified by the application. | Improvements to traditional schemes for storing data for processing tasks and for executing those processing tasks are disclosed. A set of data for which processing tasks are to be executed is processed through a hierarchy to distribute the data through various elements of a computer system. Levels of the hierarchy represent different types of memory or storage elements. Higher levels represent coarser portions of memory or storage elements and lower levels represent finer portions of memory or storage elements. Data proceeds through the hierarchy as “tasks” at different levels. Tasks at non-leaf nodes comprise tasks to subdivide data for storage in the finer granularity memories or storage units associated with a lower hierarchy level. Tasks at leaf nodes comprise processing work, such as a portion of a calculation. Two techniques for organizing the tasks in the hierarchy presented herein include a queue-based technique and a graph-based technique.1. A method for processing data, the method comprising:
initiating, at non-leaf nodes of a data access hierarchy, tasks for division of data and transmitting tasks to nodes at lower levels of the data access hierarchy; and initiating, at leaf nodes of the data access hierarchy, tasks for payload processing, wherein each task for payload processing performed at the leaf nodes is performed on a data chunk having a size specified by an application, wherein tasks at the leaf nodes do not divide data chunks for transmission to any other nodes for processing. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the tasks at the leaf nodes comprise tasks specified by the application. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the tasks at the leaf nodes comprise tasks for processing chunks having a smallest-size of all chunks of data processed through the data access hierarchy. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein tasks at the non-leaf nodes comprise tasks, specified by the application, for dividing data for transmission to a lower level of the data access hierarchy. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the tasks at the leaf nodes comprise payload processing tasks specified by the application. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
each non-leaf node of the data access hierarchy is specified with a chunk size, wherein the chunk size comprises the size of data upon which tasks of the non-leaf nodes are performed. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein:
the data access hierarchy includes a first hierarchy level and a second hierarchy level below the first hierarchy level, wherein the first hierarchy level is associated with the same type of memory unit or storage unit as the second hierarchy level. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein a chunk size for tasks at the first hierarchy level is larger than a chunk size for tasks at the second hierarchy level. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the data access hierarchy includes a first hierarchy level and a second hierarchy level below the first hierarchy level, wherein the first hierarchy level is associated with a different type of memory unit or storage unit as the second hierarchy level. 10. A system for processing data, the system comprising:
a memory system; and one or more processors configured to: initiate, at non-leaf nodes of a data access hierarchy, tasks for division of data and transmitting tasks to nodes at lower levels of the data access hierarchy; and initiate, at leaf nodes of the data access hierarchy, tasks for payload processing, wherein each task for payload processing performed at the leaf nodes is performed on a data chunk having a size specified by an application, wherein tasks at the leaf nodes do not divide data chunks for transmission to any other nodes for processing. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the tasks at the leaf nodes comprise tasks specified by the application. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the tasks at the leaf nodes comprise tasks for processing chunks having a smallest-size of all chunks of data processed through the data access hierarchy. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein tasks at the non-leaf nodes comprise tasks, specified by the application, for dividing data for transmission to a lower level of the data access hierarchy. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the tasks at the leaf nodes comprise payload processing tasks specified by the application. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein:
each non-leaf node of the data access hierarchy is specified with a chunk size, wherein the chunk size comprises the size of data upon which tasks of the non-leaf nodes are performed. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein:
the data access hierarchy includes a first hierarchy level and a second hierarchy level below the first hierarchy level, wherein the first hierarchy level is associated with the same type of memory unit or storage unit as the second hierarchy level. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein a chunk size for tasks at the first hierarchy level is larger than a chunk size for tasks at the second hierarchy level. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the data access hierarchy includes a first hierarchy level and a second hierarchy level below the first hierarchy level, wherein the first hierarchy level is associated with a different type of memory unit or storage unit as the second hierarchy level. 19. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
initiate, at non-leaf nodes of a data access hierarchy, tasks for division of data and transmitting tasks to nodes at lower levels of the data access hierarchy; and initiate, at leaf nodes of the data access hierarchy, tasks for payload processing, wherein each task for payload processing performed at the leaf nodes is performed on a data chunk having a size specified by an application, wherein tasks at the leaf nodes do not divide data chunks for transmission to any other nodes for processing. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the tasks at the leaf nodes comprise tasks specified by the application. | 2,800 |
349,120 | 16,806,655 | 2,891 | An electronic door lock includes a controller, a first touch sensor, and a lock operator. The first touch sensor detects touch on an exterior an exterior side of a door. The lock operator is selectively operated by the controller to unlock a deadbolt according to the touch detected by the first touch sensor. The electronic door lock is located on an interior side of the door. The first touch sensor may be electrically coupleable to a deadbolt lock for the deadbolt to act as an electrode of the touch sensor. The first touch sensor may detect the touch capacitively. | 1. An electronic door lock for use with a deadbolt lock for a door, the deadbolt lock of a type having a bolt movable between an extended position and a retracted position and having a locking arm rotatable between a non-locking position and a locking position in which the locking arm prevents movement of the bolt from the extended position to the retracted position, the electronic door lock comprising:
a controller; and a deadbolt locker having a locking actuator that is selectively operated by the controller to prevent rotation of the locking arm from the locking position to the non-locking position. 2. The electronic door lock according to claim 1, further comprising a deadbolt operator, and a touch sensor;
wherein the locking actuator is movable between a first position to be engaged by and prevent the rotation of the locking arm from the locking position to the non-locking position and a second position to allow rotation of the locking arm between the locking position and the non-locking position; wherein the deadbolt operator moves the bolt between the extended position and the retracted position; wherein the touch sensor detects capacitance and is electrically coupleable to the deadbolt lock for the deadbolt lock to function as an electrode of the touch sensor to sense capacitance therewith; and wherein the controller selectively operates each of the deadbolt locker and the deadbolt operator according to the touch sensor. 3. The electronic door lock according to claim 1, wherein the locking actuator is movable between a first position to be engaged by and prevent rotation of the locking arm from the locking position to the non-locking position and a second position to allow rotation of the locking arm between the locking position and the non-locking position. 4. The electronic door lock according to claim 3, wherein in the first position, the locking actuator is positioned above the locking arm of the deadbolt lock. 5. The electronic door lock according to claim 3, wherein the locking actuator moves toward an exterior side of the door when moved from the second position to the first position. 6. The electronic door lock according to claim 3, wherein the locking actuator prevents rotation of the locking arm from the locking position to the non-locking position by transferring force from the locking arm to a surface of the door defining a bore in which the locking arm is positioned. 7. The electronic door lock according to claim 6, wherein the locking actuator includes a locking block that, when the locking actuator is in the first position, engages the surface of the door and the locking arm of the deadbolt lock. 8. The electronic door lock according to claim 1, further comprising one or more of a touch sensor for detecting touch, a movement sensor for detecting rotation of a pin by which the deadbolt lock is operated to move the bolt between the extended position and the retracted position, or an accelerometer for detecting acceleration of the door, wherein the controller operates the deadbolt locker according to one or more of the touch, the rotation, or the acceleration. 9. The electronic door lock according to claim 8, wherein the electronic door lock includes the touch sensor, the movement sensor, and the accelerometer; and
the controller selectively operates the deadbolt locker according to the touch, the rotation, and the acceleration. 10. The electronic door lock according to claim 8, wherein the controller selectively operates the deadbolt locker according to erratic touch. 11. The electronic door lock according to claim 10, wherein the touch sensor is a capacitive sensor, and the erratic touch is detected if changes in capacitance exceed a capacitance change threshold. 12. The electronic door lock according to claim 8, comprising the touch sensor, wherein the touch sensor detects capacitance and electrically couples to the deadbolt lock for the deadbolt lock to function as an electrode of the touch sensor. 13. The electronic door lock according to claim 1, further comprising an electronic key detector, wherein upon detection of an electronic key associated with the electronic door lock, the deadbolt locker is not operated. 14. The electronic door lock according to claim 1, further comprising a deadbolt operator that is controlled by the controller to operate the deadbolt lock to move the bolt between the extended position and the retracted position. 15. The electronic door lock according to claim 1, further comprising a capacitive sensor that is electrically coupleable to the deadbolt lock for the deadbolt lock to function as an electrode of the capacitive sensor to sense capacitance therewith, and the controller operates the deadbolt locker according to the capacitance sensed with the deadbolt lock. 16. An electronic door lock for operating a deadbolt lock of a door, the electronic door lock comprising;
a deadbolt operator that locks and unlocks the deadbolt lock; a fastener; a touch sensor that is electrically coupleable with the fastener to the deadbolt lock for detecting touch thereof; and a controller that selectively operates the deadbolt operator according to the touch sensor. 17. The electronic door lock according to claim 16, wherein the touch sensor includes a conductive contact that is conductively engaged by the fastener. 18. The electronic door lock according to claim 17, wherein the electronic door lock is configured to be mounted to the door with the fastener. 19. The electronic door lock according to claim 16, further comprising a deadbolt locker, and the controller selectively operates the deadbolt locker to prevent unlocking of the deadbolt lock. 20. An electronic door lock comprising:
a touch sensor electrically connectable to a deadbolt lock to detect touch thereto; a locking actuator movable to mechanically block the deadbolt lock; and a controller that selectively operates the locking actuator according to the touch detected by the touch sensor. | An electronic door lock includes a controller, a first touch sensor, and a lock operator. The first touch sensor detects touch on an exterior an exterior side of a door. The lock operator is selectively operated by the controller to unlock a deadbolt according to the touch detected by the first touch sensor. The electronic door lock is located on an interior side of the door. The first touch sensor may be electrically coupleable to a deadbolt lock for the deadbolt to act as an electrode of the touch sensor. The first touch sensor may detect the touch capacitively.1. An electronic door lock for use with a deadbolt lock for a door, the deadbolt lock of a type having a bolt movable between an extended position and a retracted position and having a locking arm rotatable between a non-locking position and a locking position in which the locking arm prevents movement of the bolt from the extended position to the retracted position, the electronic door lock comprising:
a controller; and a deadbolt locker having a locking actuator that is selectively operated by the controller to prevent rotation of the locking arm from the locking position to the non-locking position. 2. The electronic door lock according to claim 1, further comprising a deadbolt operator, and a touch sensor;
wherein the locking actuator is movable between a first position to be engaged by and prevent the rotation of the locking arm from the locking position to the non-locking position and a second position to allow rotation of the locking arm between the locking position and the non-locking position; wherein the deadbolt operator moves the bolt between the extended position and the retracted position; wherein the touch sensor detects capacitance and is electrically coupleable to the deadbolt lock for the deadbolt lock to function as an electrode of the touch sensor to sense capacitance therewith; and wherein the controller selectively operates each of the deadbolt locker and the deadbolt operator according to the touch sensor. 3. The electronic door lock according to claim 1, wherein the locking actuator is movable between a first position to be engaged by and prevent rotation of the locking arm from the locking position to the non-locking position and a second position to allow rotation of the locking arm between the locking position and the non-locking position. 4. The electronic door lock according to claim 3, wherein in the first position, the locking actuator is positioned above the locking arm of the deadbolt lock. 5. The electronic door lock according to claim 3, wherein the locking actuator moves toward an exterior side of the door when moved from the second position to the first position. 6. The electronic door lock according to claim 3, wherein the locking actuator prevents rotation of the locking arm from the locking position to the non-locking position by transferring force from the locking arm to a surface of the door defining a bore in which the locking arm is positioned. 7. The electronic door lock according to claim 6, wherein the locking actuator includes a locking block that, when the locking actuator is in the first position, engages the surface of the door and the locking arm of the deadbolt lock. 8. The electronic door lock according to claim 1, further comprising one or more of a touch sensor for detecting touch, a movement sensor for detecting rotation of a pin by which the deadbolt lock is operated to move the bolt between the extended position and the retracted position, or an accelerometer for detecting acceleration of the door, wherein the controller operates the deadbolt locker according to one or more of the touch, the rotation, or the acceleration. 9. The electronic door lock according to claim 8, wherein the electronic door lock includes the touch sensor, the movement sensor, and the accelerometer; and
the controller selectively operates the deadbolt locker according to the touch, the rotation, and the acceleration. 10. The electronic door lock according to claim 8, wherein the controller selectively operates the deadbolt locker according to erratic touch. 11. The electronic door lock according to claim 10, wherein the touch sensor is a capacitive sensor, and the erratic touch is detected if changes in capacitance exceed a capacitance change threshold. 12. The electronic door lock according to claim 8, comprising the touch sensor, wherein the touch sensor detects capacitance and electrically couples to the deadbolt lock for the deadbolt lock to function as an electrode of the touch sensor. 13. The electronic door lock according to claim 1, further comprising an electronic key detector, wherein upon detection of an electronic key associated with the electronic door lock, the deadbolt locker is not operated. 14. The electronic door lock according to claim 1, further comprising a deadbolt operator that is controlled by the controller to operate the deadbolt lock to move the bolt between the extended position and the retracted position. 15. The electronic door lock according to claim 1, further comprising a capacitive sensor that is electrically coupleable to the deadbolt lock for the deadbolt lock to function as an electrode of the capacitive sensor to sense capacitance therewith, and the controller operates the deadbolt locker according to the capacitance sensed with the deadbolt lock. 16. An electronic door lock for operating a deadbolt lock of a door, the electronic door lock comprising;
a deadbolt operator that locks and unlocks the deadbolt lock; a fastener; a touch sensor that is electrically coupleable with the fastener to the deadbolt lock for detecting touch thereof; and a controller that selectively operates the deadbolt operator according to the touch sensor. 17. The electronic door lock according to claim 16, wherein the touch sensor includes a conductive contact that is conductively engaged by the fastener. 18. The electronic door lock according to claim 17, wherein the electronic door lock is configured to be mounted to the door with the fastener. 19. The electronic door lock according to claim 16, further comprising a deadbolt locker, and the controller selectively operates the deadbolt locker to prevent unlocking of the deadbolt lock. 20. An electronic door lock comprising:
a touch sensor electrically connectable to a deadbolt lock to detect touch thereto; a locking actuator movable to mechanically block the deadbolt lock; and a controller that selectively operates the locking actuator according to the touch detected by the touch sensor. | 2,800 |
349,121 | 16,806,616 | 2,891 | Systems and methods navigate a vehicle on a road at least partially covered with snow. In one implementation, a system may include at least one processor programmed to receive from an image capture device, a plurality of images captured of an environment forward of the vehicle, including an area where snow covers a road on which the vehicle travels, analyze at least one of the plurality of images to identify a first free space boundary on a first side of the vehicle and extending forward of the vehicle, a second free space boundary on a passenger side of the vehicle and extending forward of the vehicle, and a forward free space boundary forward of the vehicle and extending between the first free space boundary and the second free space boundary. | 1.-28. (canceled) 29. A system for navigating a vehicle on a road at least partially covered with snow, the system comprising:
at least one processor programmed to:
receive from an image capture device, a plurality of images captured of an environment forward of the vehicle, including an area where snow covers a road on which the vehicle travels;
analyze at least one of the plurality of images to identify a first free space boundary on a first side of the vehicle and extending forward of the vehicle, a second free space boundary on a second side of the vehicle and extending forward of the vehicle, and a forward free space boundary forward of the vehicle and extending between the first free space boundary and the second free space boundary, wherein the first free space boundary, the second free space boundary, and the forward free space boundary define a free space region forward of the vehicle;
determine a first proposed navigational path for the vehicle through the free space region;
provide the at least one of the plurality of images to a neural network and receive from the neural network a second proposed navigational path for the vehicle based on analysis of the at least one of the plurality of images by the neural network;
determine whether the first proposed navigational path agrees with the second proposed navigational path; and
cause the vehicle to travel on at least a portion of the first proposed navigational path if the first proposed navigational path is determined to agree with the second proposed navigational path. 30. The system of claim 29, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes identifying at least one tire track in the snow. 31. The system of claim 29, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes identifying a change of light across a surface of the snow. 32. The system of claim 29, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes identifying a plurality of trees, a barrier, a row of parked cars, a curb, or a snow bank along an edge of the road. 33. The system of claim 29, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes recognizing a change in curvature at a surface of the snow. 34. The system of claim 33, wherein the recognized change in curvature is determined to correspond to a probable location of a road edge. 35. The system of claim 29, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes a pixel analysis of the at least one image in which at least a first pixel is compared to at least a second pixel in order to determine a feature associated with a surface of the snow covering at least some lane markings and road edges. 36. The system of claim 35, wherein the feature corresponds to an edge of a tire track. 37. The system of claim 35, wherein the feature corresponds to an edge of the road. 38. The system of claim 35, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to cause the vehicle to navigate along the first proposed navigational path between determined edges of the road. 39. The system of claim 35, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to cause the vehicle to navigate along the first proposed navigational path by at least partially following tire tracks in the snow. 40. The system of claim 29, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to cause the vehicle to determine the first proposed navigational path based at least on a width of the free space region. 41. The system of claim 29, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to:
cause the vehicle to detect in at least one image a target vehicle; and determine a lateral position of the target vehicle. 42. The system of claim 29, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to determine the first proposed navigational path based on a position of the vehicle. 43. The system of claim 29, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to:
determine a lateral position of a target relative to the first proposed navigational path; and validate or refine the first proposed navigational path. 44. The system of claim 29, wherein the first proposed navigational path agrees with the second proposed navigational path when a deviation between the first proposed navigational path and the second proposed navigational path is less than a certain threshold. 45. A method for navigating a vehicle on a road at least partially covered with snow, the method comprising:
receiving from an image capture device, a plurality of images captured of an environment forward of the vehicle, including an area where snow covers a road on which the vehicle travels; analyzing at least one of the plurality of images to identify a first free space boundary on a first side of the vehicle and extending forward of the vehicle, a second free space boundary on a second side of the vehicle and extending forward of the vehicle, and a forward free space boundary forward of the vehicle and extending between the first free space boundary and the second free space boundary, wherein the first free space boundary, the second free space boundary, and the forward free space boundary define a free space region forward of the vehicle; determining a first proposed navigational path for the vehicle through the free space region; providing the at least one of the plurality of images to a neural network and receive from the neural network a second proposed navigational path for the vehicle based on analysis of the at least one of the plurality of images by the neural network; determining whether the first proposed navigational path agrees with the second proposed navigational path; and causing the vehicle to travel on at least a portion of the first proposed navigational path if the first proposed navigational path is determined to agree with the second proposed navigational path 46. The method of claim 45, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes identifying at least one tire track in the snow. 47. The method of claim 45, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes identifying a change of light across a surface of the snow. 48. The method of claim 45, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes identifying a plurality of trees along an edge of the road. | Systems and methods navigate a vehicle on a road at least partially covered with snow. In one implementation, a system may include at least one processor programmed to receive from an image capture device, a plurality of images captured of an environment forward of the vehicle, including an area where snow covers a road on which the vehicle travels, analyze at least one of the plurality of images to identify a first free space boundary on a first side of the vehicle and extending forward of the vehicle, a second free space boundary on a passenger side of the vehicle and extending forward of the vehicle, and a forward free space boundary forward of the vehicle and extending between the first free space boundary and the second free space boundary.1.-28. (canceled) 29. A system for navigating a vehicle on a road at least partially covered with snow, the system comprising:
at least one processor programmed to:
receive from an image capture device, a plurality of images captured of an environment forward of the vehicle, including an area where snow covers a road on which the vehicle travels;
analyze at least one of the plurality of images to identify a first free space boundary on a first side of the vehicle and extending forward of the vehicle, a second free space boundary on a second side of the vehicle and extending forward of the vehicle, and a forward free space boundary forward of the vehicle and extending between the first free space boundary and the second free space boundary, wherein the first free space boundary, the second free space boundary, and the forward free space boundary define a free space region forward of the vehicle;
determine a first proposed navigational path for the vehicle through the free space region;
provide the at least one of the plurality of images to a neural network and receive from the neural network a second proposed navigational path for the vehicle based on analysis of the at least one of the plurality of images by the neural network;
determine whether the first proposed navigational path agrees with the second proposed navigational path; and
cause the vehicle to travel on at least a portion of the first proposed navigational path if the first proposed navigational path is determined to agree with the second proposed navigational path. 30. The system of claim 29, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes identifying at least one tire track in the snow. 31. The system of claim 29, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes identifying a change of light across a surface of the snow. 32. The system of claim 29, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes identifying a plurality of trees, a barrier, a row of parked cars, a curb, or a snow bank along an edge of the road. 33. The system of claim 29, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes recognizing a change in curvature at a surface of the snow. 34. The system of claim 33, wherein the recognized change in curvature is determined to correspond to a probable location of a road edge. 35. The system of claim 29, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes a pixel analysis of the at least one image in which at least a first pixel is compared to at least a second pixel in order to determine a feature associated with a surface of the snow covering at least some lane markings and road edges. 36. The system of claim 35, wherein the feature corresponds to an edge of a tire track. 37. The system of claim 35, wherein the feature corresponds to an edge of the road. 38. The system of claim 35, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to cause the vehicle to navigate along the first proposed navigational path between determined edges of the road. 39. The system of claim 35, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to cause the vehicle to navigate along the first proposed navigational path by at least partially following tire tracks in the snow. 40. The system of claim 29, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to cause the vehicle to determine the first proposed navigational path based at least on a width of the free space region. 41. The system of claim 29, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to:
cause the vehicle to detect in at least one image a target vehicle; and determine a lateral position of the target vehicle. 42. The system of claim 29, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to determine the first proposed navigational path based on a position of the vehicle. 43. The system of claim 29, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to:
determine a lateral position of a target relative to the first proposed navigational path; and validate or refine the first proposed navigational path. 44. The system of claim 29, wherein the first proposed navigational path agrees with the second proposed navigational path when a deviation between the first proposed navigational path and the second proposed navigational path is less than a certain threshold. 45. A method for navigating a vehicle on a road at least partially covered with snow, the method comprising:
receiving from an image capture device, a plurality of images captured of an environment forward of the vehicle, including an area where snow covers a road on which the vehicle travels; analyzing at least one of the plurality of images to identify a first free space boundary on a first side of the vehicle and extending forward of the vehicle, a second free space boundary on a second side of the vehicle and extending forward of the vehicle, and a forward free space boundary forward of the vehicle and extending between the first free space boundary and the second free space boundary, wherein the first free space boundary, the second free space boundary, and the forward free space boundary define a free space region forward of the vehicle; determining a first proposed navigational path for the vehicle through the free space region; providing the at least one of the plurality of images to a neural network and receive from the neural network a second proposed navigational path for the vehicle based on analysis of the at least one of the plurality of images by the neural network; determining whether the first proposed navigational path agrees with the second proposed navigational path; and causing the vehicle to travel on at least a portion of the first proposed navigational path if the first proposed navigational path is determined to agree with the second proposed navigational path 46. The method of claim 45, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes identifying at least one tire track in the snow. 47. The method of claim 45, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes identifying a change of light across a surface of the snow. 48. The method of claim 45, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes identifying a plurality of trees along an edge of the road. | 2,800 |
349,122 | 16,806,631 | 2,891 | Systems and methods navigate a vehicle on a road at least partially covered with snow. In one implementation, a system may include at least one processor programmed to receive from an image capture device, a plurality of images captured of an environment forward of the vehicle, including an area where snow covers a road on which the vehicle travels, analyze at least one of the plurality of images to identify a first free space boundary on a first side of the vehicle and extending forward of the vehicle, a second free space boundary on a passenger side of the vehicle and extending forward of the vehicle, and a forward free space boundary forward of the vehicle and extending between the first free space boundary and the second free space boundary. | 1.-28. (canceled) 29. A system for navigating a vehicle on a road at least partially covered with snow, the system comprising:
at least one processor programmed to:
receive from an image capture device, a plurality of images captured of an environment forward of the vehicle, including an area where snow covers a road on which the vehicle travels;
analyze at least one of the plurality of images to identify a first free space boundary on a first side of the vehicle and extending forward of the vehicle, a second free space boundary on a second side of the vehicle and extending forward of the vehicle, and a forward free space boundary forward of the vehicle and extending between the first free space boundary and the second free space boundary, wherein the first free space boundary, the second free space boundary, and the forward free space boundary define a free space region forward of the vehicle;
determine a first proposed navigational path for the vehicle through the free space region;
provide the at least one of the plurality of images to a neural network and receive from the neural network a second proposed navigational path for the vehicle based on analysis of the at least one of the plurality of images by the neural network;
determine whether the first proposed navigational path agrees with the second proposed navigational path; and
cause the vehicle to travel on at least a portion of the first proposed navigational path if the first proposed navigational path is determined to agree with the second proposed navigational path. 30. The system of claim 29, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes identifying at least one tire track in the snow. 31. The system of claim 29, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes identifying a change of light across a surface of the snow. 32. The system of claim 29, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes identifying a plurality of trees, a barrier, a row of parked cars, a curb, or a snow bank along an edge of the road. 33. The system of claim 29, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes recognizing a change in curvature at a surface of the snow. 34. The system of claim 33, wherein the recognized change in curvature is determined to correspond to a probable location of a road edge. 35. The system of claim 29, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes a pixel analysis of the at least one image in which at least a first pixel is compared to at least a second pixel in order to determine a feature associated with a surface of the snow covering at least some lane markings and road edges. 36. The system of claim 35, wherein the feature corresponds to an edge of a tire track. 37. The system of claim 35, wherein the feature corresponds to an edge of the road. 38. The system of claim 35, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to cause the vehicle to navigate along the first proposed navigational path between determined edges of the road. 39. The system of claim 35, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to cause the vehicle to navigate along the first proposed navigational path by at least partially following tire tracks in the snow. 40. The system of claim 29, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to cause the vehicle to determine the first proposed navigational path based at least on a width of the free space region. 41. The system of claim 29, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to:
cause the vehicle to detect in at least one image a target vehicle; and determine a lateral position of the target vehicle. 42. The system of claim 29, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to determine the first proposed navigational path based on a position of the vehicle. 43. The system of claim 29, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to:
determine a lateral position of a target relative to the first proposed navigational path; and validate or refine the first proposed navigational path. 44. The system of claim 29, wherein the first proposed navigational path agrees with the second proposed navigational path when a deviation between the first proposed navigational path and the second proposed navigational path is less than a certain threshold. 45. A method for navigating a vehicle on a road at least partially covered with snow, the method comprising:
receiving from an image capture device, a plurality of images captured of an environment forward of the vehicle, including an area where snow covers a road on which the vehicle travels; analyzing at least one of the plurality of images to identify a first free space boundary on a first side of the vehicle and extending forward of the vehicle, a second free space boundary on a second side of the vehicle and extending forward of the vehicle, and a forward free space boundary forward of the vehicle and extending between the first free space boundary and the second free space boundary, wherein the first free space boundary, the second free space boundary, and the forward free space boundary define a free space region forward of the vehicle; determining a first proposed navigational path for the vehicle through the free space region; providing the at least one of the plurality of images to a neural network and receive from the neural network a second proposed navigational path for the vehicle based on analysis of the at least one of the plurality of images by the neural network; determining whether the first proposed navigational path agrees with the second proposed navigational path; and causing the vehicle to travel on at least a portion of the first proposed navigational path if the first proposed navigational path is determined to agree with the second proposed navigational path 46. The method of claim 45, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes identifying at least one tire track in the snow. 47. The method of claim 45, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes identifying a change of light across a surface of the snow. 48. The method of claim 45, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes identifying a plurality of trees along an edge of the road. | Systems and methods navigate a vehicle on a road at least partially covered with snow. In one implementation, a system may include at least one processor programmed to receive from an image capture device, a plurality of images captured of an environment forward of the vehicle, including an area where snow covers a road on which the vehicle travels, analyze at least one of the plurality of images to identify a first free space boundary on a first side of the vehicle and extending forward of the vehicle, a second free space boundary on a passenger side of the vehicle and extending forward of the vehicle, and a forward free space boundary forward of the vehicle and extending between the first free space boundary and the second free space boundary.1.-28. (canceled) 29. A system for navigating a vehicle on a road at least partially covered with snow, the system comprising:
at least one processor programmed to:
receive from an image capture device, a plurality of images captured of an environment forward of the vehicle, including an area where snow covers a road on which the vehicle travels;
analyze at least one of the plurality of images to identify a first free space boundary on a first side of the vehicle and extending forward of the vehicle, a second free space boundary on a second side of the vehicle and extending forward of the vehicle, and a forward free space boundary forward of the vehicle and extending between the first free space boundary and the second free space boundary, wherein the first free space boundary, the second free space boundary, and the forward free space boundary define a free space region forward of the vehicle;
determine a first proposed navigational path for the vehicle through the free space region;
provide the at least one of the plurality of images to a neural network and receive from the neural network a second proposed navigational path for the vehicle based on analysis of the at least one of the plurality of images by the neural network;
determine whether the first proposed navigational path agrees with the second proposed navigational path; and
cause the vehicle to travel on at least a portion of the first proposed navigational path if the first proposed navigational path is determined to agree with the second proposed navigational path. 30. The system of claim 29, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes identifying at least one tire track in the snow. 31. The system of claim 29, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes identifying a change of light across a surface of the snow. 32. The system of claim 29, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes identifying a plurality of trees, a barrier, a row of parked cars, a curb, or a snow bank along an edge of the road. 33. The system of claim 29, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes recognizing a change in curvature at a surface of the snow. 34. The system of claim 33, wherein the recognized change in curvature is determined to correspond to a probable location of a road edge. 35. The system of claim 29, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes a pixel analysis of the at least one image in which at least a first pixel is compared to at least a second pixel in order to determine a feature associated with a surface of the snow covering at least some lane markings and road edges. 36. The system of claim 35, wherein the feature corresponds to an edge of a tire track. 37. The system of claim 35, wherein the feature corresponds to an edge of the road. 38. The system of claim 35, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to cause the vehicle to navigate along the first proposed navigational path between determined edges of the road. 39. The system of claim 35, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to cause the vehicle to navigate along the first proposed navigational path by at least partially following tire tracks in the snow. 40. The system of claim 29, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to cause the vehicle to determine the first proposed navigational path based at least on a width of the free space region. 41. The system of claim 29, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to:
cause the vehicle to detect in at least one image a target vehicle; and determine a lateral position of the target vehicle. 42. The system of claim 29, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to determine the first proposed navigational path based on a position of the vehicle. 43. The system of claim 29, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to:
determine a lateral position of a target relative to the first proposed navigational path; and validate or refine the first proposed navigational path. 44. The system of claim 29, wherein the first proposed navigational path agrees with the second proposed navigational path when a deviation between the first proposed navigational path and the second proposed navigational path is less than a certain threshold. 45. A method for navigating a vehicle on a road at least partially covered with snow, the method comprising:
receiving from an image capture device, a plurality of images captured of an environment forward of the vehicle, including an area where snow covers a road on which the vehicle travels; analyzing at least one of the plurality of images to identify a first free space boundary on a first side of the vehicle and extending forward of the vehicle, a second free space boundary on a second side of the vehicle and extending forward of the vehicle, and a forward free space boundary forward of the vehicle and extending between the first free space boundary and the second free space boundary, wherein the first free space boundary, the second free space boundary, and the forward free space boundary define a free space region forward of the vehicle; determining a first proposed navigational path for the vehicle through the free space region; providing the at least one of the plurality of images to a neural network and receive from the neural network a second proposed navigational path for the vehicle based on analysis of the at least one of the plurality of images by the neural network; determining whether the first proposed navigational path agrees with the second proposed navigational path; and causing the vehicle to travel on at least a portion of the first proposed navigational path if the first proposed navigational path is determined to agree with the second proposed navigational path 46. The method of claim 45, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes identifying at least one tire track in the snow. 47. The method of claim 45, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes identifying a change of light across a surface of the snow. 48. The method of claim 45, wherein analyzing the at least one image includes identifying a plurality of trees along an edge of the road. | 2,800 |
349,123 | 16,806,686 | 2,891 | A structured light module is combinable with a frame. The structured light module includes a housing, a light-emitting unit, at least one corresponding optical element, a circuit board, at least one fastening element, and at least one symbol. Due to the at least one symbol, the positioning accuracy of the structured light module in the assembling process is enhanced. The light-emitting unit is disposed on the circuit board and accommodated within the housing. The at least one fastening element is connected with one of the housing and the circuit board. When the at least one fastening element is combined with a frame, the structured light module is positioned on the frame. | 1. A structured light module assembly, comprising a frame and a structured light module combined with a frame, wherein the structured light module comprises:
a housing; a light-emitting unit accommodated within the housing, and emitting plural light beams; a circuit board, wherein the light-emitting unit is disposed on the circuit board; a lens unit, wherein after the plural light beams pass through the lens unit, a structured light is generated and outputted; at least one fastening element connected with one of the housing and the circuit board, wherein the at least one fastening element includes at least one first engaging part to engage with at least one second engaging part of the frame, wherein when the structured light module is placed on an assembling region of the frame, the at least one first engaging part of the structured light module is combined with the at least one second engaging part of the frame, so that the structured light module is positioned on the frame; and at least one symbol formed on at least one of the housing, the light-emitting unit, the circuit board, the lens unit and the at least one fastening element, wherein a positioning information of the structured light module is acquired according to the at least one symbol. 2. The structured light module assembly according to claim 1, wherein the positioning information contains an information about a position and/or an orientation of the at least one of the housing, the light-emitting unit, the circuit board, the lens unit and the at least one fastening element, and/or the positioning information contains an information about a relative relationship between at least two of an optical axis of the light-emitting unit, the housing, the light-emitting unit, the circuit board, the lens unit and the at least one fastening element. 3. The structured light module assembly according to claim 1, wherein the positioning information is obtained through visual detection of a machine. 4. The structured light module assembly according to claim 1, wherein the entirety of the structured light module is formed as a single monolithic structure and installed on the frame via the at least one fastening element, and the light-emitting unit and the lens unit are separated from the frame by the housing, 5. The structured light module assembly according to claim 1, wherein the at least one fastening element comprises a plate, the plate is connected with the circuit board, and the plate comprises at least one first engaging part, wherein when the structured light module is placed on the assembling region of the frame, the at least one first engaging part is engaged with at least one second engaging part of the frame. 6. The structured light module assembly according to claim 5, wherein the at least one first engaging part includes a positioning post and the at least one second engaging part includes a positioning hole, or the at least one first engaging part includes a positioning hole and the at least one second engaging part includes a positioning post. 7. The structured light module assembly according to claim 6, wherein the plate is a heat dissipating plate, and the heat dissipating plate is made of a metallic material or a comparable material with good thermal conductivity. 8. The structured light module assembly according to claim 1, wherein the at least one fastening element comprises a transparent slab corresponding to the plural light beams, the transparent slab is connected with the housing, the lens unit is arranged between the light-emitting unit and the transparent slab, and the transparent slab comprises at least one first engaging part, wherein when the structured light module is placed on the assembling region of the frame, the at least one first engaging part is engaged with at least one second engaging part of the frame. 9. The structured light module assembly according to claim 8, wherein the at least one first engaging part includes a positioning post and the at least one second engaging part includes a positioning hole, or the at least one first engaging part includes a positioning hole and the at least one second engaging part includes a positioning post. 10. The structured light module assembly according to claim 1, wherein the at least one fastening element comprises a slab, the slab is connected with the housing, the lens unit is embedded within the slab, and the slab comprises at least one first engaging part, wherein when the structured light module is placed on the assembling region of the frame, the at least one first engaging part is engaged with at least one second engaging part of the frame. 11. The structured light module assembly according to claim 10, wherein the at least one first engaging part includes a positioning post and the at least one second engaging part includes a positioning hole, or the at least one first engaging part includes a positioning hole and the at least one second engaging part includes a positioning post. 12. The structured light module assembly according to claim 1, wherein the at least one fastening element comprises a transparent slab corresponding to the plural light beams, the transparent slab is connected with the housing, the transparent slab and the lens unit are integrally formed with each other, and the transparent slab comprises at least one first engaging part, wherein when the structured light module is placed on the assembling region of the frame, the at least one first engaging part is engaged with at least one second engaging part of the frame. 13. The structured light module assembly according to claim 12, wherein the at least one first engaging part includes a positioning post and the at least one second engaging part includes a positioning hole, or the at least one first engaging part includes a positioning hole and the at least one second engaging part includes a positioning post. 14. The structured light module assembly according to claim 1, wherein the circuit board is a flexible circuit board or an ordinary printed circuit board, and the circuit board comprises a terminal, wherein the terminal is extended externally from a lateral edge of the circuit board, and the terminal is electrically connected with an electronic component on the frame. 15. The structured light module assembly according to claim 1, wherein two extension parts are extended externally from two ends of the fastening element, and profiles of the two extension parts match a profile of an accommodation cavity of the frame, wherein when the structured light module is placed on the assembling region of the frame, the fastening element is embedded within the accommodation cavity of the frame through the two extension parts. 16. The structured light module assembly according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting unit includes at least one of a laser diode (LD), a light emitting diode (LED), an organic light emitting diode (OLED) and a thermal source. 17. The structured light module assembly according to claim 1, wherein the light beams emitted by the light-emitting unit have wavelengths in a first wavelength band and a second wavelength band. 18. The structured light module assembly according to claim 1, wherein the fastening element is not an integral one-piece element, wherein the fastening element is an assembly of plural coupling parts or adhering parts. 19. The structured light module assembly according to claim 1, wherein the fastening element is not made of a single material, wherein the fastening element is a composite structure made of plural materials which includes a light-transmissible material and an opaque material or a heat-dissipating material or a thermally conductive material. | A structured light module is combinable with a frame. The structured light module includes a housing, a light-emitting unit, at least one corresponding optical element, a circuit board, at least one fastening element, and at least one symbol. Due to the at least one symbol, the positioning accuracy of the structured light module in the assembling process is enhanced. The light-emitting unit is disposed on the circuit board and accommodated within the housing. The at least one fastening element is connected with one of the housing and the circuit board. When the at least one fastening element is combined with a frame, the structured light module is positioned on the frame.1. A structured light module assembly, comprising a frame and a structured light module combined with a frame, wherein the structured light module comprises:
a housing; a light-emitting unit accommodated within the housing, and emitting plural light beams; a circuit board, wherein the light-emitting unit is disposed on the circuit board; a lens unit, wherein after the plural light beams pass through the lens unit, a structured light is generated and outputted; at least one fastening element connected with one of the housing and the circuit board, wherein the at least one fastening element includes at least one first engaging part to engage with at least one second engaging part of the frame, wherein when the structured light module is placed on an assembling region of the frame, the at least one first engaging part of the structured light module is combined with the at least one second engaging part of the frame, so that the structured light module is positioned on the frame; and at least one symbol formed on at least one of the housing, the light-emitting unit, the circuit board, the lens unit and the at least one fastening element, wherein a positioning information of the structured light module is acquired according to the at least one symbol. 2. The structured light module assembly according to claim 1, wherein the positioning information contains an information about a position and/or an orientation of the at least one of the housing, the light-emitting unit, the circuit board, the lens unit and the at least one fastening element, and/or the positioning information contains an information about a relative relationship between at least two of an optical axis of the light-emitting unit, the housing, the light-emitting unit, the circuit board, the lens unit and the at least one fastening element. 3. The structured light module assembly according to claim 1, wherein the positioning information is obtained through visual detection of a machine. 4. The structured light module assembly according to claim 1, wherein the entirety of the structured light module is formed as a single monolithic structure and installed on the frame via the at least one fastening element, and the light-emitting unit and the lens unit are separated from the frame by the housing, 5. The structured light module assembly according to claim 1, wherein the at least one fastening element comprises a plate, the plate is connected with the circuit board, and the plate comprises at least one first engaging part, wherein when the structured light module is placed on the assembling region of the frame, the at least one first engaging part is engaged with at least one second engaging part of the frame. 6. The structured light module assembly according to claim 5, wherein the at least one first engaging part includes a positioning post and the at least one second engaging part includes a positioning hole, or the at least one first engaging part includes a positioning hole and the at least one second engaging part includes a positioning post. 7. The structured light module assembly according to claim 6, wherein the plate is a heat dissipating plate, and the heat dissipating plate is made of a metallic material or a comparable material with good thermal conductivity. 8. The structured light module assembly according to claim 1, wherein the at least one fastening element comprises a transparent slab corresponding to the plural light beams, the transparent slab is connected with the housing, the lens unit is arranged between the light-emitting unit and the transparent slab, and the transparent slab comprises at least one first engaging part, wherein when the structured light module is placed on the assembling region of the frame, the at least one first engaging part is engaged with at least one second engaging part of the frame. 9. The structured light module assembly according to claim 8, wherein the at least one first engaging part includes a positioning post and the at least one second engaging part includes a positioning hole, or the at least one first engaging part includes a positioning hole and the at least one second engaging part includes a positioning post. 10. The structured light module assembly according to claim 1, wherein the at least one fastening element comprises a slab, the slab is connected with the housing, the lens unit is embedded within the slab, and the slab comprises at least one first engaging part, wherein when the structured light module is placed on the assembling region of the frame, the at least one first engaging part is engaged with at least one second engaging part of the frame. 11. The structured light module assembly according to claim 10, wherein the at least one first engaging part includes a positioning post and the at least one second engaging part includes a positioning hole, or the at least one first engaging part includes a positioning hole and the at least one second engaging part includes a positioning post. 12. The structured light module assembly according to claim 1, wherein the at least one fastening element comprises a transparent slab corresponding to the plural light beams, the transparent slab is connected with the housing, the transparent slab and the lens unit are integrally formed with each other, and the transparent slab comprises at least one first engaging part, wherein when the structured light module is placed on the assembling region of the frame, the at least one first engaging part is engaged with at least one second engaging part of the frame. 13. The structured light module assembly according to claim 12, wherein the at least one first engaging part includes a positioning post and the at least one second engaging part includes a positioning hole, or the at least one first engaging part includes a positioning hole and the at least one second engaging part includes a positioning post. 14. The structured light module assembly according to claim 1, wherein the circuit board is a flexible circuit board or an ordinary printed circuit board, and the circuit board comprises a terminal, wherein the terminal is extended externally from a lateral edge of the circuit board, and the terminal is electrically connected with an electronic component on the frame. 15. The structured light module assembly according to claim 1, wherein two extension parts are extended externally from two ends of the fastening element, and profiles of the two extension parts match a profile of an accommodation cavity of the frame, wherein when the structured light module is placed on the assembling region of the frame, the fastening element is embedded within the accommodation cavity of the frame through the two extension parts. 16. The structured light module assembly according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting unit includes at least one of a laser diode (LD), a light emitting diode (LED), an organic light emitting diode (OLED) and a thermal source. 17. The structured light module assembly according to claim 1, wherein the light beams emitted by the light-emitting unit have wavelengths in a first wavelength band and a second wavelength band. 18. The structured light module assembly according to claim 1, wherein the fastening element is not an integral one-piece element, wherein the fastening element is an assembly of plural coupling parts or adhering parts. 19. The structured light module assembly according to claim 1, wherein the fastening element is not made of a single material, wherein the fastening element is a composite structure made of plural materials which includes a light-transmissible material and an opaque material or a heat-dissipating material or a thermally conductive material. | 2,800 |
349,124 | 16,806,687 | 2,891 | A request may be received from an application provided on a server associated with a self-encrypting key management application. The request may be to establish a connection between the self-encrypting key management application and the other application. In response to receiving the request, a hash value associated with the self-encrypting key management application and a digital signature associated with a processing device may be generated. A message may be provided based on the digital signature and the hash value to the other application. The connection may be established between the self-encrypting key management application and the other application in response to receiving an indication from the other application that the self-encrypting key management application has been authenticated based on the message. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving, from an application provided on a server associated with a self-encrypting key management application, a request to establish a connection between the self-encrypting key management application and the other application; in response to receiving the request, generating, by a processing device, a hash value associated with the self-encrypting key management application and a digital signature associated with the processing device; providing a message based on the digital signature and the hash value to the other application; and establishing the connection between the self-encrypting key management application and the other application in response to receiving an indication from the other application that the self-encrypting key management application has been authenticated based on the message. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the generating of the hash value associated with the self-encrypting key management application and the digital signature associated with the processing device comprises:
generating the digital signature based on an internal cryptographic key that is internal to the processing device. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the providing of the message based on the digital signature and the hash value to the other application comprises:
generating the message that includes the hash value associated with the self-encrypting key management application; signing the message with the digital signature associated with the processing device; and providing the signed message to the other application. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the signed message comprises at least one of identification information of the processing device or identification information of the self-encrypting key management application. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the hash value associated with the self-encrypting key management application corresponds to another hash value used by the other application. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the establishing of the connection is further based on verification of the digital signature associated with the processing device, by the other application, using a public key that corresponds to an internal cryptographic key that is internal to the processing device. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a cryptographic key from the other application over the established connection; receiving executable code from the other application over the established connection; assigning a secure enclave for the other application; and storing the executable code and the cryptographic key from the other application at the secure enclave for the other application, wherein the executable code is retrieved in response to a subsequent request to perform an operation with the cryptographic key and the executable code. 8. A system comprising:
a memory; and a processing device, operatively coupled with the memory, to:
receive, from an application provided on a server associated with a self-encrypting key management application, a request to establish a connection between the self-encrypting key management application and the other application;
in response to receiving the request, generate a hash value associated with the self-encrypting key management application and a digital signature associated with the processing device;
provide a message based on the digital signature and the hash value to the other application; and
establish the connection between the self-encrypting key management application and the other application in response to receiving an indication from the other application that the self-encrypting key management application has been authenticated based on the message. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein to generate the hash value associated with the self-encrypting key management application and the digital signature associated with the processing device, the processing device is to:
generate the digital signature based on an internal cryptographic key that is internal to the processing device. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein to provide the message based on the digital signature and the hash value to the other application, the processing device is to:
generate the message that includes the hash value associated with the self-encrypting key management application; sign the message with the digital signature associated with the processing device; and provide the signed message to the other application. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the signed message comprises at least one of identification information of the processing device or identification information of the self-encrypting key management application. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the hash value associated with the self-encrypting key management application corresponds to another hash value used by the other application. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein to establish the connection, the processing device is to further base on verification of the digital signature associated with the processing device, by the other application, using a public key that corresponds to an internal cryptographic key that is internal to the processing device. 14. The system of claim 8, the processing device is further to:
receive a cryptographic key from the other application over the established connection; receive executable code from the other application over the established connection; assign a secure enclave for the other application; and store the executable code and the cryptographic key from the other application at the secure enclave for the other application, wherein the executable code is retrieved in response to a subsequent request to perform an operation with the cryptographic key and the executable code. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising data that, when accessed by a processing device, cause the processing device to perform operations comprising:
receiving, from an application provided on a server associated with a self-encrypting key management application, a request to establish a connection between the self-encrypting key management application and the other application; in response to receiving the request, generating a hash value associated with the self-encrypting key management application and a digital signature associated with the processing device; providing a message based on the digital signature and the hash value to the other application; and establishing the connection between the self-encrypting key management application and the other application in response to receiving an indication from the other application that the self-encrypting key management application has been authenticated based on the message. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the generating of the hash value associated with the self-encrypting key management application and the digital signature associated with the processing device comprises:
generating the digital signature based on an internal cryptographic key that is internal to the processing device. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the providing of the message based on the digital signature and the hash value to the other application comprises:
generating the message that includes the hash value associated with the self-encrypting key management application; signing the message with the digital signature associated with the processing device; and providing the signed message to the other application. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the signed message comprises at least one of identification information of the processing device or identification information of the self-encrypting key management application. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the hash value associated with the self-encrypting key management application corresponds to another hash value used by the other application. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the establishing of the connection is further based on verification of the digital signature associated with the processing device, by the other application, using a public key that corresponds to an internal cryptographic key that is internal to the processing device. | A request may be received from an application provided on a server associated with a self-encrypting key management application. The request may be to establish a connection between the self-encrypting key management application and the other application. In response to receiving the request, a hash value associated with the self-encrypting key management application and a digital signature associated with a processing device may be generated. A message may be provided based on the digital signature and the hash value to the other application. The connection may be established between the self-encrypting key management application and the other application in response to receiving an indication from the other application that the self-encrypting key management application has been authenticated based on the message.1. A method comprising:
receiving, from an application provided on a server associated with a self-encrypting key management application, a request to establish a connection between the self-encrypting key management application and the other application; in response to receiving the request, generating, by a processing device, a hash value associated with the self-encrypting key management application and a digital signature associated with the processing device; providing a message based on the digital signature and the hash value to the other application; and establishing the connection between the self-encrypting key management application and the other application in response to receiving an indication from the other application that the self-encrypting key management application has been authenticated based on the message. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the generating of the hash value associated with the self-encrypting key management application and the digital signature associated with the processing device comprises:
generating the digital signature based on an internal cryptographic key that is internal to the processing device. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the providing of the message based on the digital signature and the hash value to the other application comprises:
generating the message that includes the hash value associated with the self-encrypting key management application; signing the message with the digital signature associated with the processing device; and providing the signed message to the other application. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the signed message comprises at least one of identification information of the processing device or identification information of the self-encrypting key management application. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the hash value associated with the self-encrypting key management application corresponds to another hash value used by the other application. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the establishing of the connection is further based on verification of the digital signature associated with the processing device, by the other application, using a public key that corresponds to an internal cryptographic key that is internal to the processing device. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a cryptographic key from the other application over the established connection; receiving executable code from the other application over the established connection; assigning a secure enclave for the other application; and storing the executable code and the cryptographic key from the other application at the secure enclave for the other application, wherein the executable code is retrieved in response to a subsequent request to perform an operation with the cryptographic key and the executable code. 8. A system comprising:
a memory; and a processing device, operatively coupled with the memory, to:
receive, from an application provided on a server associated with a self-encrypting key management application, a request to establish a connection between the self-encrypting key management application and the other application;
in response to receiving the request, generate a hash value associated with the self-encrypting key management application and a digital signature associated with the processing device;
provide a message based on the digital signature and the hash value to the other application; and
establish the connection between the self-encrypting key management application and the other application in response to receiving an indication from the other application that the self-encrypting key management application has been authenticated based on the message. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein to generate the hash value associated with the self-encrypting key management application and the digital signature associated with the processing device, the processing device is to:
generate the digital signature based on an internal cryptographic key that is internal to the processing device. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein to provide the message based on the digital signature and the hash value to the other application, the processing device is to:
generate the message that includes the hash value associated with the self-encrypting key management application; sign the message with the digital signature associated with the processing device; and provide the signed message to the other application. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the signed message comprises at least one of identification information of the processing device or identification information of the self-encrypting key management application. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the hash value associated with the self-encrypting key management application corresponds to another hash value used by the other application. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein to establish the connection, the processing device is to further base on verification of the digital signature associated with the processing device, by the other application, using a public key that corresponds to an internal cryptographic key that is internal to the processing device. 14. The system of claim 8, the processing device is further to:
receive a cryptographic key from the other application over the established connection; receive executable code from the other application over the established connection; assign a secure enclave for the other application; and store the executable code and the cryptographic key from the other application at the secure enclave for the other application, wherein the executable code is retrieved in response to a subsequent request to perform an operation with the cryptographic key and the executable code. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising data that, when accessed by a processing device, cause the processing device to perform operations comprising:
receiving, from an application provided on a server associated with a self-encrypting key management application, a request to establish a connection between the self-encrypting key management application and the other application; in response to receiving the request, generating a hash value associated with the self-encrypting key management application and a digital signature associated with the processing device; providing a message based on the digital signature and the hash value to the other application; and establishing the connection between the self-encrypting key management application and the other application in response to receiving an indication from the other application that the self-encrypting key management application has been authenticated based on the message. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the generating of the hash value associated with the self-encrypting key management application and the digital signature associated with the processing device comprises:
generating the digital signature based on an internal cryptographic key that is internal to the processing device. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the providing of the message based on the digital signature and the hash value to the other application comprises:
generating the message that includes the hash value associated with the self-encrypting key management application; signing the message with the digital signature associated with the processing device; and providing the signed message to the other application. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the signed message comprises at least one of identification information of the processing device or identification information of the self-encrypting key management application. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the hash value associated with the self-encrypting key management application corresponds to another hash value used by the other application. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the establishing of the connection is further based on verification of the digital signature associated with the processing device, by the other application, using a public key that corresponds to an internal cryptographic key that is internal to the processing device. | 2,800 |
349,125 | 16,806,662 | 2,891 | In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may receive digital data associated with digital media communications. In certain aspects, the digital data may include textual data from the digital media communications. The apparatus may input the textual data into a natural language processing (NLP) model. The apparatus may obtain a life event indication as an output of the NLP model. In certain aspects, the life event indication may include a classification tag and intent information associated with an item. The apparatus may determine whether the intent information meets a likelihood threshold. The apparatus may output, to an external device, the digital data and the life event indication upon determining that the intent information meets a likelihood threshold. | 1. A method of user journey generation, comprising:
receiving digital data associated with digital media communications, the digital data including textual data from the digital media communications; inputting the textual data into a natural language processing (NLP) model; obtaining a life event indication as an output of the NLP model, the life event indication including a classification tag and intent information associated with an item; determining whether the intent information meets a likelihood threshold; and outputting, to an external device, the digital data and the life event indication upon determining that the intent information meets a likelihood threshold. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the digital data further includes image data, the method further comprising:
inputting the image data into an image model; and updating the life event indication using the output of the image model. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
applying a first filter to the textual data and a second filter to the image data,
wherein the first filter extracts a set of words from the textual data and the second filter, and
wherein the second filter extracts a set of images from the image data. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the receiving the digital data associated with the digital media communications comprises:
continuously scanning, using an application programming interface (API), digital media communications associated with a user; and extracting the digital data upon detecting a new digital media communication. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether the external device sends a notification to a customer in response to the outputting of the digital data and the life event indication to the external device. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
maintaining information associated with communications between the customer and the external device upon determining that the external device sends the notification to the customer. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
updating the NLP model based at least in part on the textual data upon determining that the external device sends the notification to the customer in response to the digital data and the life event indication to the external device. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
updating the image model based at least in part on the image data upon determining that the external device sends the notification to the customer in response to the digital data and the life event indication to the external device. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the digital data further includes purchasing information associated with a user, and the intent information is output based at least in part on the purchasing information. 10. An apparatus for user journey generation, comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
receive digital data associated with digital media communications, the digital data including textual data from the digital media communications;
input the textual data into a natural language processing (NLP) model;
obtain a life event indication as an output of the NLP model, the life event indication including a classification tag and intent information associated with an item;
determine whether the intent information meets a likelihood threshold; and
output, to an external device, the digital data and the life event indication upon determining that the intent information meets a likelihood threshold. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the digital data further includes image data, the at least one processor being further configured to:
input the image data into an image model; and update the life event indication using the output of the image model. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
apply a first filter to the textual data and a second filter to the image data,
wherein the first filter extracts a set of words from the textual data and the second filter, and
wherein the second filter extracts a set of images from the image data. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is configured to receive the digital data associated with the digital media communications by:
continuously scanning, using an application programming interface (API), digital media communications associated with a user; and extracting the digital data upon detecting a new digital media communication. 14. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
determine whether the external device sends a notification to a customer in response to the outputting of the digital data and the life event indication to the external device. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
maintain information associated with communications between the customer and the external device upon determining that the external device sends the notification to the customer. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
update the NLP model based at least in part on the textual data upon determining that the external device sends the notification to the customer in response to the digital data and the life event indication to the external device. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
update the image model based at least in part on the image data upon determining that the external device sends the notification to the customer in response to the digital data and the life event indication to the external device. 18. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein:
the digital data further includes purchasing information associated with a user, and the intent information is output based at least in part on the purchasing information. 19. A computer-readable medium storing computer executable code, comprising code to:
receive digital data associated with digital media communications, the digital data including textual data from the digital media communications; input the textual data into a natural language processing (NLP) model; obtain a life event indication as an output of the NLP model, the life event indication including a classification tag and intent information associated with an item; determine whether the intent information meets a likelihood threshold; and output, to an external device, the digital data and the life event indication upon determining that the intent information meets a likelihood threshold. 20. The computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the digital data further includes image data, and wherein the executable code is further configured to:
input the image data into an image model; and update the life event indication using the output of the image model. | In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may receive digital data associated with digital media communications. In certain aspects, the digital data may include textual data from the digital media communications. The apparatus may input the textual data into a natural language processing (NLP) model. The apparatus may obtain a life event indication as an output of the NLP model. In certain aspects, the life event indication may include a classification tag and intent information associated with an item. The apparatus may determine whether the intent information meets a likelihood threshold. The apparatus may output, to an external device, the digital data and the life event indication upon determining that the intent information meets a likelihood threshold.1. A method of user journey generation, comprising:
receiving digital data associated with digital media communications, the digital data including textual data from the digital media communications; inputting the textual data into a natural language processing (NLP) model; obtaining a life event indication as an output of the NLP model, the life event indication including a classification tag and intent information associated with an item; determining whether the intent information meets a likelihood threshold; and outputting, to an external device, the digital data and the life event indication upon determining that the intent information meets a likelihood threshold. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the digital data further includes image data, the method further comprising:
inputting the image data into an image model; and updating the life event indication using the output of the image model. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
applying a first filter to the textual data and a second filter to the image data,
wherein the first filter extracts a set of words from the textual data and the second filter, and
wherein the second filter extracts a set of images from the image data. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the receiving the digital data associated with the digital media communications comprises:
continuously scanning, using an application programming interface (API), digital media communications associated with a user; and extracting the digital data upon detecting a new digital media communication. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether the external device sends a notification to a customer in response to the outputting of the digital data and the life event indication to the external device. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
maintaining information associated with communications between the customer and the external device upon determining that the external device sends the notification to the customer. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
updating the NLP model based at least in part on the textual data upon determining that the external device sends the notification to the customer in response to the digital data and the life event indication to the external device. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
updating the image model based at least in part on the image data upon determining that the external device sends the notification to the customer in response to the digital data and the life event indication to the external device. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the digital data further includes purchasing information associated with a user, and the intent information is output based at least in part on the purchasing information. 10. An apparatus for user journey generation, comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
receive digital data associated with digital media communications, the digital data including textual data from the digital media communications;
input the textual data into a natural language processing (NLP) model;
obtain a life event indication as an output of the NLP model, the life event indication including a classification tag and intent information associated with an item;
determine whether the intent information meets a likelihood threshold; and
output, to an external device, the digital data and the life event indication upon determining that the intent information meets a likelihood threshold. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the digital data further includes image data, the at least one processor being further configured to:
input the image data into an image model; and update the life event indication using the output of the image model. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
apply a first filter to the textual data and a second filter to the image data,
wherein the first filter extracts a set of words from the textual data and the second filter, and
wherein the second filter extracts a set of images from the image data. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is configured to receive the digital data associated with the digital media communications by:
continuously scanning, using an application programming interface (API), digital media communications associated with a user; and extracting the digital data upon detecting a new digital media communication. 14. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
determine whether the external device sends a notification to a customer in response to the outputting of the digital data and the life event indication to the external device. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
maintain information associated with communications between the customer and the external device upon determining that the external device sends the notification to the customer. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
update the NLP model based at least in part on the textual data upon determining that the external device sends the notification to the customer in response to the digital data and the life event indication to the external device. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
update the image model based at least in part on the image data upon determining that the external device sends the notification to the customer in response to the digital data and the life event indication to the external device. 18. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein:
the digital data further includes purchasing information associated with a user, and the intent information is output based at least in part on the purchasing information. 19. A computer-readable medium storing computer executable code, comprising code to:
receive digital data associated with digital media communications, the digital data including textual data from the digital media communications; input the textual data into a natural language processing (NLP) model; obtain a life event indication as an output of the NLP model, the life event indication including a classification tag and intent information associated with an item; determine whether the intent information meets a likelihood threshold; and output, to an external device, the digital data and the life event indication upon determining that the intent information meets a likelihood threshold. 20. The computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the digital data further includes image data, and wherein the executable code is further configured to:
input the image data into an image model; and update the life event indication using the output of the image model. | 2,800 |
349,126 | 16,806,665 | 2,641 | A method of verifying availability of a mobile subscriber station that is in an idle-mode includes requesting to a base station by the mobile subscriber station to enter an idle-mode, wherein the base station is associated with a paging group comprising a plurality of base stations, and receiving from the base station an idle-mode response command to enter the idle-mode. The method also includes receiving from the base station a paging command comprising an action code associated with performing ranging while the mobile subscriber station is in the idle-mode to verify availability of the mobile subscriber station with respect to the base station, wherein if the ranging is not successfully performed with the base station during a predetermined period, the base station continues to transmit the paging command until a paging retrial count reaches a predetermined threshold. | 1. A communication method comprising:
causing a first base station to transmit, to a mobile station, a first message comprising information on a paging cycle, wherein the first base station belongs to a group of base stations; recognizing that the mobile station is in idle state; causing every base station in the group to transmit a paging message at least based on the paging cycle; determining that a predetermined period of time has passed without receiving a request message from the mobile station at any base station belonging to the group; and in response to determining that the predetermined period of time has passed without receiving the request message from the mobile station, determining that the mobile station is unavailable for any base station in the group of base stations. 2. The communication method of claim 1, further comprising causing the first base station to transmit, to the mobile station, a group identification information of the first group. 3. The communication method of claim 1, wherein the paging message comprises information on downlink traffic. 4. A communication apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a processor operably coupled to the memory, wherein the processor, when executing program instructions stored in the memory, is configured to:
cause a first base station to transmit, to a mobile station, a first message comprising information on a paging cycle, wherein the first base station belongs to a group of base stations;
recognize that the mobile station is in idle state;
cause every base station in the group to transmit a paging message at least based on the paging cycle;
determine that a predetermined period of time has passed without receiving a request message from the mobile station at any base station belonging to the group; and
in response to determine that the predetermined period of time has passed without receiving the request message from the mobile station, determine that the mobile station is unavailable for any base station in the group of base stations. 5. The communication apparatus of claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first base station to transmit, to the mobile station, a group identification information of the first group. 6. The communication apparatus of claim 4, wherein the paging message comprises information on downlink traffic. | A method of verifying availability of a mobile subscriber station that is in an idle-mode includes requesting to a base station by the mobile subscriber station to enter an idle-mode, wherein the base station is associated with a paging group comprising a plurality of base stations, and receiving from the base station an idle-mode response command to enter the idle-mode. The method also includes receiving from the base station a paging command comprising an action code associated with performing ranging while the mobile subscriber station is in the idle-mode to verify availability of the mobile subscriber station with respect to the base station, wherein if the ranging is not successfully performed with the base station during a predetermined period, the base station continues to transmit the paging command until a paging retrial count reaches a predetermined threshold.1. A communication method comprising:
causing a first base station to transmit, to a mobile station, a first message comprising information on a paging cycle, wherein the first base station belongs to a group of base stations; recognizing that the mobile station is in idle state; causing every base station in the group to transmit a paging message at least based on the paging cycle; determining that a predetermined period of time has passed without receiving a request message from the mobile station at any base station belonging to the group; and in response to determining that the predetermined period of time has passed without receiving the request message from the mobile station, determining that the mobile station is unavailable for any base station in the group of base stations. 2. The communication method of claim 1, further comprising causing the first base station to transmit, to the mobile station, a group identification information of the first group. 3. The communication method of claim 1, wherein the paging message comprises information on downlink traffic. 4. A communication apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a processor operably coupled to the memory, wherein the processor, when executing program instructions stored in the memory, is configured to:
cause a first base station to transmit, to a mobile station, a first message comprising information on a paging cycle, wherein the first base station belongs to a group of base stations;
recognize that the mobile station is in idle state;
cause every base station in the group to transmit a paging message at least based on the paging cycle;
determine that a predetermined period of time has passed without receiving a request message from the mobile station at any base station belonging to the group; and
in response to determine that the predetermined period of time has passed without receiving the request message from the mobile station, determine that the mobile station is unavailable for any base station in the group of base stations. 5. The communication apparatus of claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first base station to transmit, to the mobile station, a group identification information of the first group. 6. The communication apparatus of claim 4, wherein the paging message comprises information on downlink traffic. | 2,600 |
349,127 | 16,806,711 | 2,641 | An intelligent medical material supply robot based on Internet of Things and SLAM technology is disclosed, which realizes localization and mapping through a binocular camera and a lidar. A cloud data center schedules the medical material supply robot in real time according to material usage. The material supply robot receives corresponding scheduling information, and according to localization of the robot and map information, dynamically avoids obstacles by using a path planning algorithm to go to a designated floor for materials delivery. | 1. An intelligent medical material supply robot based on Internet of Things and SLAM technology, comprising:
an environment sensing module provided with a binocular camera and a lidar, wherein the binocular camera acquires image information by real-time shooting, and the lidar obtains map information by sensing spatial information; a data processing module for analyzing the image information captured by the binocular camera, making incremental calculation of position and pose of the robot based on inter-frame information in the image information, and completing judgment on a static obstacle and a dynamic obstacle by analyzing the map information sensed by the lidar; a motion module provided with a Mecanum wheel and a motor, wherein the Mecanum wheel is driven by the motor; a control module provided with a central processing unit for receiving and processing the data acquired by the environment sensing module and a main control board for controlling the motion module; and a cloud data center comprising a cloud server, configured for analyzing material usage at current and previous moments and transmitting the data to the control module. 2. The intelligent medical material supply robot of claim 1, wherein the lidar emits a laser beam which will reflect when encountering an obstacle, and a distance between the robot and the obstacle is calculated by the lidar based on the following calculation formulas: 3. The intelligent medical material supply robot of claim 1, wherein the control module adopts a PID adjustment algorithm, and a calculation formula of its control law is as follows: 4. The intelligent medical material supply robot of claim 1, wherein the motion module comprises four Mecanum wheels and four motors corresponding to the Mecanum wheels one by one, and the Mecanum wheels are driven by the motors to move in any direction on a horizontal plane under the control of the main control board. 5. The intelligent medical material supply robot of claim 1, wherein the omnidirectional movement of the Mecanum wheel(s) is realized by using forward and inverse kinematics models. 6. The intelligent medical material supply robot of claim 4, wherein the omnidirectional movement of the Mecanum wheel(s) is realized by using forward and inverse kinematics models. 7. The intelligent medical material supply robot of claim 1, wherein the data processing module constructs a map by using the SLAM technology based an ROS system. 8. The intelligent medical material supply robot of claim 1, wherein after giving a target point, the cloud data center first determines the robot's current position and pose, calculates a distance between the robot and an obstacle by the lidar, converts obstacle information into a grid map applicable to path planning, calculates, by using a global path planning algorithm, an optimal path that the robot can move along currently, constantly senses changes of environment information in the process of moving, and avoids dynamic obstacles by using a local path planning algorithm. | An intelligent medical material supply robot based on Internet of Things and SLAM technology is disclosed, which realizes localization and mapping through a binocular camera and a lidar. A cloud data center schedules the medical material supply robot in real time according to material usage. The material supply robot receives corresponding scheduling information, and according to localization of the robot and map information, dynamically avoids obstacles by using a path planning algorithm to go to a designated floor for materials delivery.1. An intelligent medical material supply robot based on Internet of Things and SLAM technology, comprising:
an environment sensing module provided with a binocular camera and a lidar, wherein the binocular camera acquires image information by real-time shooting, and the lidar obtains map information by sensing spatial information; a data processing module for analyzing the image information captured by the binocular camera, making incremental calculation of position and pose of the robot based on inter-frame information in the image information, and completing judgment on a static obstacle and a dynamic obstacle by analyzing the map information sensed by the lidar; a motion module provided with a Mecanum wheel and a motor, wherein the Mecanum wheel is driven by the motor; a control module provided with a central processing unit for receiving and processing the data acquired by the environment sensing module and a main control board for controlling the motion module; and a cloud data center comprising a cloud server, configured for analyzing material usage at current and previous moments and transmitting the data to the control module. 2. The intelligent medical material supply robot of claim 1, wherein the lidar emits a laser beam which will reflect when encountering an obstacle, and a distance between the robot and the obstacle is calculated by the lidar based on the following calculation formulas: 3. The intelligent medical material supply robot of claim 1, wherein the control module adopts a PID adjustment algorithm, and a calculation formula of its control law is as follows: 4. The intelligent medical material supply robot of claim 1, wherein the motion module comprises four Mecanum wheels and four motors corresponding to the Mecanum wheels one by one, and the Mecanum wheels are driven by the motors to move in any direction on a horizontal plane under the control of the main control board. 5. The intelligent medical material supply robot of claim 1, wherein the omnidirectional movement of the Mecanum wheel(s) is realized by using forward and inverse kinematics models. 6. The intelligent medical material supply robot of claim 4, wherein the omnidirectional movement of the Mecanum wheel(s) is realized by using forward and inverse kinematics models. 7. The intelligent medical material supply robot of claim 1, wherein the data processing module constructs a map by using the SLAM technology based an ROS system. 8. The intelligent medical material supply robot of claim 1, wherein after giving a target point, the cloud data center first determines the robot's current position and pose, calculates a distance between the robot and an obstacle by the lidar, converts obstacle information into a grid map applicable to path planning, calculates, by using a global path planning algorithm, an optimal path that the robot can move along currently, constantly senses changes of environment information in the process of moving, and avoids dynamic obstacles by using a local path planning algorithm. | 2,600 |
349,128 | 16,806,668 | 2,641 | One aspect of the present invention is related to a ball socket assembly that includes a housing with an inner bore and at least one open end. The ball socket assembly also includes a ball stud which is partially received in the inner bore of the housing. An exit bearing supports the ball stud and is positioned in the inner bore adjacent the at least one open end. The exit bearing includes a plastic piece and a metal piece which are connected with one another. The metal piece has a semi-conical shape. The housing is deformed adjacent the at least one open end to capture the exit bearing within the inner bore. In operation, the metal piece reinforces the plastic piece to transfer forces between the ball stud and the housing. | 1. A ball socket assembly, comprising:
a housing having an inner bore and at least one open end; a ball stud partially received in said inner bore; an exit bearing supporting said ball stud and positioned in said inner bore adjacent said at least one open end, said exit bearing including a plastic piece and a metal piece in an overmolded connection with one another, and said metal piece having a semi-conical shape; and said housing being deformed adjacent said at least one open end to capture said exit bearing within said inner bore. 2. The ball socket assembly as set forth in claim 1 wherein said housing is deformed to present a radially inwardly extending lip which is in direct contact with a top surface of said exit bearing. 3. The ball socket assembly as set forth in claim 1 wherein said plastic piece of said exit bearing has an inner surface which is in direct contact with said ball stud at two spaced apart locations. 4. The ball socket assembly as set forth in claim 3 wherein said inner surface of said plastic piece includes at least one angled portion which is angled relative to a central axis of said inner bore and which is in direct contact with one hemisphere of a ball portion of said ball stud. 5. The ball socket assembly as set forth in claim 4 wherein said inner surface of said plastic bearing further includes a cylindrical portion which is in direct contact with an equator of said ball portion of said ball stud. 6. The ball socket assembly as set forth in claim 4 wherein, when viewed in cross-section, said metal piece is angled relative to said at least one angled portion of said inner surface. 7. The ball socket assembly as set forth in claim 4 wherein said at least one angled portion of said inner surface is at an angle of between 15 to 25 degrees relative to said central axis. 8. The ball socket assembly as set forth in claim 4 further including a backing bearing disposed in said inner bore of said housing and supporting an opposite hemisphere of said ball portion of said ball stud from said at least one angled portion of said inner surface of said plastic piece of said exit bearing. 9. The ball socket assembly as set forth in claim 1 wherein said metal piece has at least one through opening and wherein a plastic material of said plastic piece extends through said at least one through opening. 10. A ball socket assembly, comprising:
a housing having an inner bore and at least one open end; a ball stud having a ball portion and a shank portion, said ball portion being received in said inner bore of said housing, and said shank portion projecting out of said housing through said at least one open end; said ball portion of said ball stud being supported by an exit bearing which is positioned in said inner bore between said ball portion and said at least one open end of said housing; said exit bearing including a plastic piece made of a plastic material and a metal piece made of a metal material, said plastic and metal pieces being in an overmolding connection with one another; and said metal piece having a semi-conical shape and being at least partially embedded within said plastic piece for reinforcing said plastic piece to transfer increased forces between said ball stud and said housing. 11. The ball socket assembly as set forth in claim 10 wherein said plastic piece of said exit bearing includes an inner surface with an angled portion which is in direct contact with one hemisphere of said ball portion of said ball stud. 12. The ball socket assembly as set forth in claim 11 wherein said inner surface of said exit bearing further includes a cylindrical portion which is in direct contact with an equator of said ball portion of said ball stud. 13. A ball socket assembly, comprising:
a housing having an inner bore and at least one open end; a ball stud including a ball portion which is received in said inner bore; an exit bearing supporting said ball stud and positioned in said inner bore adjacent said at least one open end, said exit bearing including a plastic piece and a metal piece; said housing being deformed adjacent said at least one open end to capture said exit bearing within said inner bore; said plastic piece of said exit bearing presenting a bearing surface which is in slidable contact with said ball portion of said ball stud; and said metal piece having a semi-conical shape and, as viewed in cross-section, said metal piece extending generally perpendicularly to at least a portion of a surface-to-surface contact location between said bearing surface of said plastic piece and said ball portion of said ball stud for reinforcing said plastic piece to transfer increased forces between said ball stud and said housing. 14. The ball socket assembly as set forth in claim 13 wherein said bearing surface of said plastic piece has at least one angled portion which is in direct contact with one hemisphere of said ball portion of said ball stud and which extends at an angle relative to a central axis of said housing and wherein said metal piece extends generally perpendicularly to said at least one angled portion. 15. The ball socket assembly as set forth in claim 14 wherein said bearing surface of said plastic piece further includes a cylindrical portion which is in direct contact with an equator of said ball portion of said ball stud. | One aspect of the present invention is related to a ball socket assembly that includes a housing with an inner bore and at least one open end. The ball socket assembly also includes a ball stud which is partially received in the inner bore of the housing. An exit bearing supports the ball stud and is positioned in the inner bore adjacent the at least one open end. The exit bearing includes a plastic piece and a metal piece which are connected with one another. The metal piece has a semi-conical shape. The housing is deformed adjacent the at least one open end to capture the exit bearing within the inner bore. In operation, the metal piece reinforces the plastic piece to transfer forces between the ball stud and the housing.1. A ball socket assembly, comprising:
a housing having an inner bore and at least one open end; a ball stud partially received in said inner bore; an exit bearing supporting said ball stud and positioned in said inner bore adjacent said at least one open end, said exit bearing including a plastic piece and a metal piece in an overmolded connection with one another, and said metal piece having a semi-conical shape; and said housing being deformed adjacent said at least one open end to capture said exit bearing within said inner bore. 2. The ball socket assembly as set forth in claim 1 wherein said housing is deformed to present a radially inwardly extending lip which is in direct contact with a top surface of said exit bearing. 3. The ball socket assembly as set forth in claim 1 wherein said plastic piece of said exit bearing has an inner surface which is in direct contact with said ball stud at two spaced apart locations. 4. The ball socket assembly as set forth in claim 3 wherein said inner surface of said plastic piece includes at least one angled portion which is angled relative to a central axis of said inner bore and which is in direct contact with one hemisphere of a ball portion of said ball stud. 5. The ball socket assembly as set forth in claim 4 wherein said inner surface of said plastic bearing further includes a cylindrical portion which is in direct contact with an equator of said ball portion of said ball stud. 6. The ball socket assembly as set forth in claim 4 wherein, when viewed in cross-section, said metal piece is angled relative to said at least one angled portion of said inner surface. 7. The ball socket assembly as set forth in claim 4 wherein said at least one angled portion of said inner surface is at an angle of between 15 to 25 degrees relative to said central axis. 8. The ball socket assembly as set forth in claim 4 further including a backing bearing disposed in said inner bore of said housing and supporting an opposite hemisphere of said ball portion of said ball stud from said at least one angled portion of said inner surface of said plastic piece of said exit bearing. 9. The ball socket assembly as set forth in claim 1 wherein said metal piece has at least one through opening and wherein a plastic material of said plastic piece extends through said at least one through opening. 10. A ball socket assembly, comprising:
a housing having an inner bore and at least one open end; a ball stud having a ball portion and a shank portion, said ball portion being received in said inner bore of said housing, and said shank portion projecting out of said housing through said at least one open end; said ball portion of said ball stud being supported by an exit bearing which is positioned in said inner bore between said ball portion and said at least one open end of said housing; said exit bearing including a plastic piece made of a plastic material and a metal piece made of a metal material, said plastic and metal pieces being in an overmolding connection with one another; and said metal piece having a semi-conical shape and being at least partially embedded within said plastic piece for reinforcing said plastic piece to transfer increased forces between said ball stud and said housing. 11. The ball socket assembly as set forth in claim 10 wherein said plastic piece of said exit bearing includes an inner surface with an angled portion which is in direct contact with one hemisphere of said ball portion of said ball stud. 12. The ball socket assembly as set forth in claim 11 wherein said inner surface of said exit bearing further includes a cylindrical portion which is in direct contact with an equator of said ball portion of said ball stud. 13. A ball socket assembly, comprising:
a housing having an inner bore and at least one open end; a ball stud including a ball portion which is received in said inner bore; an exit bearing supporting said ball stud and positioned in said inner bore adjacent said at least one open end, said exit bearing including a plastic piece and a metal piece; said housing being deformed adjacent said at least one open end to capture said exit bearing within said inner bore; said plastic piece of said exit bearing presenting a bearing surface which is in slidable contact with said ball portion of said ball stud; and said metal piece having a semi-conical shape and, as viewed in cross-section, said metal piece extending generally perpendicularly to at least a portion of a surface-to-surface contact location between said bearing surface of said plastic piece and said ball portion of said ball stud for reinforcing said plastic piece to transfer increased forces between said ball stud and said housing. 14. The ball socket assembly as set forth in claim 13 wherein said bearing surface of said plastic piece has at least one angled portion which is in direct contact with one hemisphere of said ball portion of said ball stud and which extends at an angle relative to a central axis of said housing and wherein said metal piece extends generally perpendicularly to said at least one angled portion. 15. The ball socket assembly as set forth in claim 14 wherein said bearing surface of said plastic piece further includes a cylindrical portion which is in direct contact with an equator of said ball portion of said ball stud. | 2,600 |
349,129 | 16,806,670 | 2,641 | Some embodiments include systems, methods, and devices for enabling communication between at least two internet protocol (IP)-only wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs), at least one of which is connected to an information centric network (ICN). The WTRU may send a generic attribute registration multicast registration protocol (GMRP) request on a local IP link to an information centric network (ICN) network attachment point (NAP). The NAP may receive and register the GMRP request with an internal data-base (DB) along with an IP multicast address entry matching the GMRP request. The WTRU may then send an IP multicast packet to the NAP for dissemination to an IP multicast group over an ICN by encapsulating the IP multicast packet in an ICN packet. | 1. A device for carrying out networking functions in an information centric network (ICN), the device comprising:
a transceiver; a storage element; and a processor coupled to the storage element and the transceiver, wherein the processor, storage element, and transceiver configured to: receive a generic attribute registration protocol multicast registration protocol (GMRP) message, wherein the message is from a source of an internet protocol (IP) multicast address; search a first database in the storage element for information associated with the GMRP message; and send an unsubscribe operation over a data channel associated with the IP multicast address based on the GMRP message, wherein the unsubscribe operation is sent to a receiving network access point (NAP). 2. The device of claim 1, wherein on a condition that the search finds information associated with the GMRP message, delete an entry with information associated with the GMRP message in the first database, and unsubscribe to a control channel associated with the IP multicast address. 3. The device of claim 2, the processor, storage element, and transceiver further configured to:
receive a request to publish a message from the receiving NAP; send an IP multicast packet encapsulated in an ICN packet in response to receiving the request to publish the message; and update the first database with information related to the request to publish the message. 4. The device of claim 1, the processor, storage element, and transceiver further configured to:
check the first database for a fresh status of information relating to the IP multicast packet; and on a condition that the fresh status is true, encapsulate the IP multicast packet in a new ICN packet, and publish the new ICN packet to the ICN; or on a condition that the fresh status is not true, update the information relating to the IP multicast packet, reset the fresh status to true, encapsulate the IP multicast packet in a new ICN packet, and publish the new ICN packet to the ICN. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the first database comprises at least data relating to IP multicast addresses, ICN names for a control channel (CIDC), ICN names for the data channel (CIDD) channels, node identifiers (NIDs) of multicast group members, forwarding identifiers (FIDs), and freshness information. 6. The device of claim 1, the processor, storage element, and transceiver further configured to:
receive an internet group management protocol (IGMP) request; check for an entry in a second database of corresponding information of the IGMP; and send a request to publish message to the ICN with the corresponding information of the IGMP. 7. A method for communicating over an information centric network (ICN), the method comprising:
receiving, at a device, a generic attribute registration protocol multicast registration protocol (GMRP) message from a source of an internet protocol (IP) multicast address; searching, by the device, a first database for information associated with the GMRP message; and sending an unsubscribe operation over a data channel associated with the IP multicast address based on the GMRP message, wherein the unsubscribe operation is sent to a receiving network access point (NAP). 8. The method of claim 7, wherein on a condition that the search finds information associated with the GMRP message, delete an entry with information associated with the GMRP message in the first database, and unsubscribe to a control channel associated with the IP multicast address. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
receiving a request to publish a message from the receiving NAP; sending the IP multicast packet encapsulated in the ICN packet in response to receiving the request to publish the message; and updating the first database with information related to the request to publish the message. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
checking, by the device, the first database for a fresh status of information relating to the IP multicast packet; and on a condition that the fresh status is true, encapsulating the IP multicast packet in a new ICN packet, and publishing the new ICN packet to the ICN; or on a condition that the fresh status is not true, updating the information relating to the IP multicast packet, resetting the fresh status to true, encapsulating the IP multicast packet in a new ICN packet, and publishing the ICN packet to the new ICN. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the first database comprises at least data relating to IP multicast addresses, ICN names for a control channel (CIDC), ICN names for the data channel (CIDD) channels, node identifiers (NIDs) of multicast group members forwarding identifiers (FIDS), and freshness information. 12. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
receiving at the device an internet group management protocol (IGMP) request; checking, by the device, for an entry in a second database of corresponding information of the IGMP; and sending, by the device, a request to publish message to the ICN with the corresponding information of the IGMP. | Some embodiments include systems, methods, and devices for enabling communication between at least two internet protocol (IP)-only wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs), at least one of which is connected to an information centric network (ICN). The WTRU may send a generic attribute registration multicast registration protocol (GMRP) request on a local IP link to an information centric network (ICN) network attachment point (NAP). The NAP may receive and register the GMRP request with an internal data-base (DB) along with an IP multicast address entry matching the GMRP request. The WTRU may then send an IP multicast packet to the NAP for dissemination to an IP multicast group over an ICN by encapsulating the IP multicast packet in an ICN packet.1. A device for carrying out networking functions in an information centric network (ICN), the device comprising:
a transceiver; a storage element; and a processor coupled to the storage element and the transceiver, wherein the processor, storage element, and transceiver configured to: receive a generic attribute registration protocol multicast registration protocol (GMRP) message, wherein the message is from a source of an internet protocol (IP) multicast address; search a first database in the storage element for information associated with the GMRP message; and send an unsubscribe operation over a data channel associated with the IP multicast address based on the GMRP message, wherein the unsubscribe operation is sent to a receiving network access point (NAP). 2. The device of claim 1, wherein on a condition that the search finds information associated with the GMRP message, delete an entry with information associated with the GMRP message in the first database, and unsubscribe to a control channel associated with the IP multicast address. 3. The device of claim 2, the processor, storage element, and transceiver further configured to:
receive a request to publish a message from the receiving NAP; send an IP multicast packet encapsulated in an ICN packet in response to receiving the request to publish the message; and update the first database with information related to the request to publish the message. 4. The device of claim 1, the processor, storage element, and transceiver further configured to:
check the first database for a fresh status of information relating to the IP multicast packet; and on a condition that the fresh status is true, encapsulate the IP multicast packet in a new ICN packet, and publish the new ICN packet to the ICN; or on a condition that the fresh status is not true, update the information relating to the IP multicast packet, reset the fresh status to true, encapsulate the IP multicast packet in a new ICN packet, and publish the new ICN packet to the ICN. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the first database comprises at least data relating to IP multicast addresses, ICN names for a control channel (CIDC), ICN names for the data channel (CIDD) channels, node identifiers (NIDs) of multicast group members, forwarding identifiers (FIDs), and freshness information. 6. The device of claim 1, the processor, storage element, and transceiver further configured to:
receive an internet group management protocol (IGMP) request; check for an entry in a second database of corresponding information of the IGMP; and send a request to publish message to the ICN with the corresponding information of the IGMP. 7. A method for communicating over an information centric network (ICN), the method comprising:
receiving, at a device, a generic attribute registration protocol multicast registration protocol (GMRP) message from a source of an internet protocol (IP) multicast address; searching, by the device, a first database for information associated with the GMRP message; and sending an unsubscribe operation over a data channel associated with the IP multicast address based on the GMRP message, wherein the unsubscribe operation is sent to a receiving network access point (NAP). 8. The method of claim 7, wherein on a condition that the search finds information associated with the GMRP message, delete an entry with information associated with the GMRP message in the first database, and unsubscribe to a control channel associated with the IP multicast address. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
receiving a request to publish a message from the receiving NAP; sending the IP multicast packet encapsulated in the ICN packet in response to receiving the request to publish the message; and updating the first database with information related to the request to publish the message. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
checking, by the device, the first database for a fresh status of information relating to the IP multicast packet; and on a condition that the fresh status is true, encapsulating the IP multicast packet in a new ICN packet, and publishing the new ICN packet to the ICN; or on a condition that the fresh status is not true, updating the information relating to the IP multicast packet, resetting the fresh status to true, encapsulating the IP multicast packet in a new ICN packet, and publishing the ICN packet to the new ICN. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the first database comprises at least data relating to IP multicast addresses, ICN names for a control channel (CIDC), ICN names for the data channel (CIDD) channels, node identifiers (NIDs) of multicast group members forwarding identifiers (FIDS), and freshness information. 12. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
receiving at the device an internet group management protocol (IGMP) request; checking, by the device, for an entry in a second database of corresponding information of the IGMP; and sending, by the device, a request to publish message to the ICN with the corresponding information of the IGMP. | 2,600 |
349,130 | 16,806,666 | 2,641 | A cluster file replication system is provided. Each controller of the plurality of controllers is configured to access a filesystem having a plurality of files including a system database of a controller having state information of the plurality of controllers. Each controller is further configured to have one or more service agents. The one or more service agents of each controller is configured to respond to one of the plurality of controllers becoming a master controller of the cluster. The one or more service agents of each controller is configured to set up one or more objects that react to the state information and coordinate replication of changes to the files, system database and state information from the master controller to follower controllers in the cluster. The one or more objects on each of the follower controllers is supportive of the follower controllers receiving the changes but disabled from initiating the replication. A method for cluster file replication is also provided. | 1. A cluster file replication system, comprising:
a plurality of controllers forming a cluster of controllers, each controller of the able to access a filesystem having a plurality of files including a system database of a controller having state information of the cluster, each controller of the cluster further including one or more service agents that is able to:
set up one or more objects that react to the state information and coordinate replication of changes to the files, system database and state information from a master controller in the cluster to follower controllers in the cluster, wherein the one or more objects on each of the follower controllers is supportive of the follower controllers receiving the changes but is disabled from initiating the replication of changes. 2. The cluster file replication system of claim 1, wherein:
each of the service agents has access to a file replication library from which the service agent instantiates the one or more objects. 3. The cluster file replication system of claim 1, wherein:
one of the one or more objects comprises a periodic replication object to receive one or more notifications regarding changes in the filesystem and to issue a synchronize request responsive to receiving the one or more notifications and expiration of a time interval. 4. The cluster file replication system of claim 1, wherein:
one of the one or more objects comprises a responsive replication object to receive notifications regarding changes in the filesystem and to issue a synchronize request responsive to receiving such a notification. 5. The cluster file replication system of claim 1, wherein the state information comprises:
indications of which controllers are members of the cluster; and for each controller that is a member of the cluster, an indication of whether the controller is a master or a follower. 6. The cluster file replication system of claim 1, wherein to set up an object, a service agent of the one or more service agents registers with the filesystem one or more files or directories of interest to the service agent so that the filesystem sends a notification to the object regarding changes of the one or more files or directories. 7. The cluster file replication system of claim 1, wherein:
when the state information indicates the one or more service agents are on the master controller, and when a further controller joins the cluster, the one or more service agents of the master controller update the state information in the system database of the master controller to indicate the further controller joining membership in the cluster as a follower, wherein the state information is propagated from the master controller to all other controllers in the cluster. 8. A tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media having instructions thereupon which, when executed by one or more processors in a cluster of controllers, cause the one or more processors to perform a method comprising:
writing, by one controller in the cluster, state information to a system database of the one controller to record that the one controller is a master controller; establishing, by one or more service agents of a given controller that reacts to state information, one or more objects in the given controller, the given controller being a member of the cluster of controllers; coordinating, by one or more objects established in the master controller and enabled in reaction to the state information, replication of change to at least one of files, the system database or the state information from the master controller to follower controllers, wherein one or more objects on each of the follower controllers supports:
receiving the replication of change from the master controller on each of the follower controllers; and
disabling initiating the replication of change on each of the follower controllers in reaction to the state information on each of the follower controllers. 9. The tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises:
instantiating the one or more objects from a file replication library. 10. The tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, wherein the establishing one or more objects includes instructing a periodic replication object to issue a synchronize request to a filesystem responsive to receiving one or more notifications regarding changes in the filesystem and completion of a time interval, when the periodic replication object is on the master controller. 11. The tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, wherein the establishing one or more objects includes instructing a responsive replication object to issue a synchronize request to a filesystem responsive to receiving a notification regarding changes in the filesystem, when the responsive replication object is on the master controller. 12. The tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, wherein the state information indicates whether a controller is a member of the cluster and whether the controller is a master or a follower. 13. The tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises:
registering to a filesystem one of the one or more objects and one or more files or directories of interest to a service agent, so that the filesystem sends notification of a change in the one or more files or directories of interest to the one object. 14. The tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises:
writing, by a service agent on the master controller, updated state information to the system database of the master controller to indicate a further controller joining the cluster as a follower; and propagating the updated state information from the master controller to all other controllers in the cluster, via the one or more objects established in the master controller coordinating the replication of change. 15. A method for cluster file replication, performed by controller members of a cluster, comprising:
updating, by a controller that is a member of the cluster, state information in a system database of the controller to indicate the controller is a master controller; establishing, by one or more service agents of a given controller that reacts to the state information, one or more objects in the given controller, the given controller being a member of the cluster; coordinating, by one or more objects in the master controller that are enabled in reaction to the state information, replication of changes to files, the system database and the state information from the master controller to follower controllers; and disabling, by one or more objects in each of the follower controllers in reaction to the state information, initiation of the replication of changes to the files, the system database and the state information by the one or more objects in each of the follower controllers. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the establishing the one or more objects in the controller comprises instantiating the one or more objects from a file replication library of the controller or of each of the one or more service agents. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the establishing the one or more objects in the controller comprises instructing a periodic replication object to issue a synchronize request to a filesystem reactive to the state information indicating the controller is the master controller and responsive to receiving one or more notifications regarding changes in the filesystem and expiration of a time interval. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the establishing the one or more objects in the controller comprises instructing a responsive replication object to issue a synchronize request to a filesystem reactive to the state information indicating the controller is the master controller and responsive to receiving a notification regarding changes in the filesystem. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the establishing the one or more objects in the controller comprises registering the one or more objects, and one or more files or directories of interest to the one or more service agents, to a filesystem, to request that the filesystem send notification to the one or more objects of change of the one or more files or directories of interest. 20. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
updating, by a service agent on the master controller, the state information in the system database of the master controller regarding membership of a further controller as a follower in the cluster, responsive to the further controller joining the cluster; and replicating the state information from the master controller to all other controllers in the cluster, using the coordinating by the one or more objects set up in the master controller. | A cluster file replication system is provided. Each controller of the plurality of controllers is configured to access a filesystem having a plurality of files including a system database of a controller having state information of the plurality of controllers. Each controller is further configured to have one or more service agents. The one or more service agents of each controller is configured to respond to one of the plurality of controllers becoming a master controller of the cluster. The one or more service agents of each controller is configured to set up one or more objects that react to the state information and coordinate replication of changes to the files, system database and state information from the master controller to follower controllers in the cluster. The one or more objects on each of the follower controllers is supportive of the follower controllers receiving the changes but disabled from initiating the replication. A method for cluster file replication is also provided.1. A cluster file replication system, comprising:
a plurality of controllers forming a cluster of controllers, each controller of the able to access a filesystem having a plurality of files including a system database of a controller having state information of the cluster, each controller of the cluster further including one or more service agents that is able to:
set up one or more objects that react to the state information and coordinate replication of changes to the files, system database and state information from a master controller in the cluster to follower controllers in the cluster, wherein the one or more objects on each of the follower controllers is supportive of the follower controllers receiving the changes but is disabled from initiating the replication of changes. 2. The cluster file replication system of claim 1, wherein:
each of the service agents has access to a file replication library from which the service agent instantiates the one or more objects. 3. The cluster file replication system of claim 1, wherein:
one of the one or more objects comprises a periodic replication object to receive one or more notifications regarding changes in the filesystem and to issue a synchronize request responsive to receiving the one or more notifications and expiration of a time interval. 4. The cluster file replication system of claim 1, wherein:
one of the one or more objects comprises a responsive replication object to receive notifications regarding changes in the filesystem and to issue a synchronize request responsive to receiving such a notification. 5. The cluster file replication system of claim 1, wherein the state information comprises:
indications of which controllers are members of the cluster; and for each controller that is a member of the cluster, an indication of whether the controller is a master or a follower. 6. The cluster file replication system of claim 1, wherein to set up an object, a service agent of the one or more service agents registers with the filesystem one or more files or directories of interest to the service agent so that the filesystem sends a notification to the object regarding changes of the one or more files or directories. 7. The cluster file replication system of claim 1, wherein:
when the state information indicates the one or more service agents are on the master controller, and when a further controller joins the cluster, the one or more service agents of the master controller update the state information in the system database of the master controller to indicate the further controller joining membership in the cluster as a follower, wherein the state information is propagated from the master controller to all other controllers in the cluster. 8. A tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media having instructions thereupon which, when executed by one or more processors in a cluster of controllers, cause the one or more processors to perform a method comprising:
writing, by one controller in the cluster, state information to a system database of the one controller to record that the one controller is a master controller; establishing, by one or more service agents of a given controller that reacts to state information, one or more objects in the given controller, the given controller being a member of the cluster of controllers; coordinating, by one or more objects established in the master controller and enabled in reaction to the state information, replication of change to at least one of files, the system database or the state information from the master controller to follower controllers, wherein one or more objects on each of the follower controllers supports:
receiving the replication of change from the master controller on each of the follower controllers; and
disabling initiating the replication of change on each of the follower controllers in reaction to the state information on each of the follower controllers. 9. The tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises:
instantiating the one or more objects from a file replication library. 10. The tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, wherein the establishing one or more objects includes instructing a periodic replication object to issue a synchronize request to a filesystem responsive to receiving one or more notifications regarding changes in the filesystem and completion of a time interval, when the periodic replication object is on the master controller. 11. The tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, wherein the establishing one or more objects includes instructing a responsive replication object to issue a synchronize request to a filesystem responsive to receiving a notification regarding changes in the filesystem, when the responsive replication object is on the master controller. 12. The tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, wherein the state information indicates whether a controller is a member of the cluster and whether the controller is a master or a follower. 13. The tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises:
registering to a filesystem one of the one or more objects and one or more files or directories of interest to a service agent, so that the filesystem sends notification of a change in the one or more files or directories of interest to the one object. 14. The tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises:
writing, by a service agent on the master controller, updated state information to the system database of the master controller to indicate a further controller joining the cluster as a follower; and propagating the updated state information from the master controller to all other controllers in the cluster, via the one or more objects established in the master controller coordinating the replication of change. 15. A method for cluster file replication, performed by controller members of a cluster, comprising:
updating, by a controller that is a member of the cluster, state information in a system database of the controller to indicate the controller is a master controller; establishing, by one or more service agents of a given controller that reacts to the state information, one or more objects in the given controller, the given controller being a member of the cluster; coordinating, by one or more objects in the master controller that are enabled in reaction to the state information, replication of changes to files, the system database and the state information from the master controller to follower controllers; and disabling, by one or more objects in each of the follower controllers in reaction to the state information, initiation of the replication of changes to the files, the system database and the state information by the one or more objects in each of the follower controllers. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the establishing the one or more objects in the controller comprises instantiating the one or more objects from a file replication library of the controller or of each of the one or more service agents. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the establishing the one or more objects in the controller comprises instructing a periodic replication object to issue a synchronize request to a filesystem reactive to the state information indicating the controller is the master controller and responsive to receiving one or more notifications regarding changes in the filesystem and expiration of a time interval. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the establishing the one or more objects in the controller comprises instructing a responsive replication object to issue a synchronize request to a filesystem reactive to the state information indicating the controller is the master controller and responsive to receiving a notification regarding changes in the filesystem. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the establishing the one or more objects in the controller comprises registering the one or more objects, and one or more files or directories of interest to the one or more service agents, to a filesystem, to request that the filesystem send notification to the one or more objects of change of the one or more files or directories of interest. 20. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
updating, by a service agent on the master controller, the state information in the system database of the master controller regarding membership of a further controller as a follower in the cluster, responsive to the further controller joining the cluster; and replicating the state information from the master controller to all other controllers in the cluster, using the coordinating by the one or more objects set up in the master controller. | 2,600 |
349,131 | 16,806,685 | 2,641 | Encrypted first data and encrypted second data may be received, where each data is from different client servers. A request to perform an operation with the first data and the second data may be received. Whether the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at an enclave may be verified. In response to verifying that the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave, the encrypted first data and the encrypted second data may be decrypted to the first data and the second data, respectively. Furthermore, the operation may be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving encrypted first data and encrypted second data, each data being received from different client servers; receiving a request to perform an operation with the first data and the second data; verifying, by a processing device, whether the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at an enclave; in response to verifying that the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave, decrypting the encrypted first data and the encrypted second data to obtain the first data and the second data, respectively; and performing, at the enclave, the operation with the first data and the second data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the verifying of whether the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave comprises:
providing attestation data associated with the operation to another enclave; receiving verification data of the attestation data from the another enclave; and determining, based on the verification data, that the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the decrypting of the encrypted first data and the encrypted second data comprises:
requesting a first encryption key for the encrypted first data and a second encryption key for the encrypted second data by providing the received verification data to a system securely storing the first encryption key and the second encryption key; receiving the first encryption key and the second encryption key from the system; and decrypting the encrypted first data and the encrypted second data based on the first encryption key and the second encryption key, respectively. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the attestation data is further associated with a hash value of an execution code of the operation. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the determining, based on the verification data, that the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave comprises:
determining a second attestation data of the received request; determining a third attestation data of the verification data; and determining whether the second attestation data matches the third attestation data. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving of the encrypted first data and the encrypted second data comprises:
receiving the encrypted first data from a first client server, wherein the first client server has a restricted access to the second data; and receiving the encrypted second data from a second client server, wherein the second client server has a restricted access to the first data. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the verifying of whether the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave comprises:
determining a data policy defining an authorized use of the operation; and determining whether the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data based on the data policy. 8. A system comprising:
a memory; and a processing device, operatively coupled with the memory, to:
receive encrypted first data and encrypted second data, each data being received from different client servers;
receive a request to perform an operation with the first data and the second data;
verify whether the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at an enclave;
in response to verifying that the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave, decrypt the encrypted first data and the encrypted second data to obtain the first data and the second data, respectively; and
perform, at the enclave, the operation with the first data and the second data. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein to verify that whether the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave, the processing device is to:
provide attestation data associated with the operation to another enclave; receive verification data of the attestation data from the another enclave; and determine, based on the verification data, that the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein to decrypt the encrypted first data and the encrypted second data, the processing device is to:
request a first encryption key for the encrypted first data and a second encryption key for the encrypted second data by providing the received verification data to another system securely storing the first encryption key and the second encryption key; receive the first encryption key and the second encryption key from the another system; and decrypt the encrypted first data and the encrypted second data based on the first encryption key and the second encryption key, respectively. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the attestation data is further associated with a hash value of an execution code of the operation. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein to determine, based on the verification data, that the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave, the processing device is to:
determine a second attestation data of the received request; determine a third attestation data of the verification data; and determine whether the second attestation data matches the third attestation data. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein to receive the encrypted first data and the encrypted second data, the processing device is to:
receive the encrypted first data from a first client server, wherein the first client server has a restricted access to the second data; and receive the encrypted second data from a second client server, wherein the second client server has a restricted access to the first data. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein to verify whether the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave, the processing device is to:
determine a data policy defining an authorized use of the operation; and determine whether the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data based on the data policy. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising data that, when accessed by a processing device, cause the processing device to perform operations comprising:
receiving encrypted first data and encrypted second data, each data being received from different client servers; receiving a request to perform an operation with the first data and the second data; verifying whether the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at an enclave; in response to verifying that the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave, decrypting the encrypted first data and the encrypted second data to obtain the first data and the second data, respectively; and performing, at the enclave, the operation with the first data and the second data. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the verifying of whether the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave comprises:
providing attestation data associated with the operation to another enclave; receiving verification data of the attestation data from the another enclave; and determining, based on the verification data, that the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the decrypting of the encrypted first data and the encrypted second data comprises:
requesting a first encryption key for the encrypted first data and a second encryption key for the encrypted second data by providing the received verification data to a system securely storing the first encryption key and the second encryption key; receiving the first encryption key and the second encryption key from the system; and decrypting the encrypted first data and the encrypted second data based on the first encryption key and the second encryption key, respectively. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the attestation data is further associated with a hash value of an execution code of the operation. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the determining, based on the verification data, that the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave comprises:
determining a second attestation data of the received request; determining a third attestation data of the verification data; and determining whether the second attestation data matches the third attestation data. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the receiving of the encrypted first data and the encrypted second data comprises:
receiving the encrypted first data from a first client server, wherein the first client server has a restricted access to the second data; and receiving the encrypted second data from a second client server, wherein the second client server has a restricted access to the first data. | Encrypted first data and encrypted second data may be received, where each data is from different client servers. A request to perform an operation with the first data and the second data may be received. Whether the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at an enclave may be verified. In response to verifying that the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave, the encrypted first data and the encrypted second data may be decrypted to the first data and the second data, respectively. Furthermore, the operation may be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave.1. A method comprising:
receiving encrypted first data and encrypted second data, each data being received from different client servers; receiving a request to perform an operation with the first data and the second data; verifying, by a processing device, whether the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at an enclave; in response to verifying that the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave, decrypting the encrypted first data and the encrypted second data to obtain the first data and the second data, respectively; and performing, at the enclave, the operation with the first data and the second data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the verifying of whether the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave comprises:
providing attestation data associated with the operation to another enclave; receiving verification data of the attestation data from the another enclave; and determining, based on the verification data, that the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the decrypting of the encrypted first data and the encrypted second data comprises:
requesting a first encryption key for the encrypted first data and a second encryption key for the encrypted second data by providing the received verification data to a system securely storing the first encryption key and the second encryption key; receiving the first encryption key and the second encryption key from the system; and decrypting the encrypted first data and the encrypted second data based on the first encryption key and the second encryption key, respectively. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the attestation data is further associated with a hash value of an execution code of the operation. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the determining, based on the verification data, that the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave comprises:
determining a second attestation data of the received request; determining a third attestation data of the verification data; and determining whether the second attestation data matches the third attestation data. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving of the encrypted first data and the encrypted second data comprises:
receiving the encrypted first data from a first client server, wherein the first client server has a restricted access to the second data; and receiving the encrypted second data from a second client server, wherein the second client server has a restricted access to the first data. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the verifying of whether the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave comprises:
determining a data policy defining an authorized use of the operation; and determining whether the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data based on the data policy. 8. A system comprising:
a memory; and a processing device, operatively coupled with the memory, to:
receive encrypted first data and encrypted second data, each data being received from different client servers;
receive a request to perform an operation with the first data and the second data;
verify whether the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at an enclave;
in response to verifying that the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave, decrypt the encrypted first data and the encrypted second data to obtain the first data and the second data, respectively; and
perform, at the enclave, the operation with the first data and the second data. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein to verify that whether the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave, the processing device is to:
provide attestation data associated with the operation to another enclave; receive verification data of the attestation data from the another enclave; and determine, based on the verification data, that the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein to decrypt the encrypted first data and the encrypted second data, the processing device is to:
request a first encryption key for the encrypted first data and a second encryption key for the encrypted second data by providing the received verification data to another system securely storing the first encryption key and the second encryption key; receive the first encryption key and the second encryption key from the another system; and decrypt the encrypted first data and the encrypted second data based on the first encryption key and the second encryption key, respectively. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the attestation data is further associated with a hash value of an execution code of the operation. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein to determine, based on the verification data, that the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave, the processing device is to:
determine a second attestation data of the received request; determine a third attestation data of the verification data; and determine whether the second attestation data matches the third attestation data. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein to receive the encrypted first data and the encrypted second data, the processing device is to:
receive the encrypted first data from a first client server, wherein the first client server has a restricted access to the second data; and receive the encrypted second data from a second client server, wherein the second client server has a restricted access to the first data. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein to verify whether the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave, the processing device is to:
determine a data policy defining an authorized use of the operation; and determine whether the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data based on the data policy. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising data that, when accessed by a processing device, cause the processing device to perform operations comprising:
receiving encrypted first data and encrypted second data, each data being received from different client servers; receiving a request to perform an operation with the first data and the second data; verifying whether the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at an enclave; in response to verifying that the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave, decrypting the encrypted first data and the encrypted second data to obtain the first data and the second data, respectively; and performing, at the enclave, the operation with the first data and the second data. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the verifying of whether the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave comprises:
providing attestation data associated with the operation to another enclave; receiving verification data of the attestation data from the another enclave; and determining, based on the verification data, that the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the decrypting of the encrypted first data and the encrypted second data comprises:
requesting a first encryption key for the encrypted first data and a second encryption key for the encrypted second data by providing the received verification data to a system securely storing the first encryption key and the second encryption key; receiving the first encryption key and the second encryption key from the system; and decrypting the encrypted first data and the encrypted second data based on the first encryption key and the second encryption key, respectively. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the attestation data is further associated with a hash value of an execution code of the operation. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the determining, based on the verification data, that the operation is authorized to be performed with the first data and the second data at the enclave comprises:
determining a second attestation data of the received request; determining a third attestation data of the verification data; and determining whether the second attestation data matches the third attestation data. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the receiving of the encrypted first data and the encrypted second data comprises:
receiving the encrypted first data from a first client server, wherein the first client server has a restricted access to the second data; and receiving the encrypted second data from a second client server, wherein the second client server has a restricted access to the first data. | 2,600 |
349,132 | 16,806,689 | 2,641 | Methods and systems are provided for de-noising medical images using deep neural networks. In one embodiment, a method comprises receiving a medical image acquired by an imaging system, wherein the medical image comprises colored noise; mapping the medical image to a de-noised medical image using a trained convolutional neural network (CNN); and displaying the de-noised medical image via a display device. The deep neural network may thereby reduce colored noise in the acquired noisy medical image, increasing a clarity and diagnostic quality of the image. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving a medical image acquired by an imaging system, wherein the medical image comprises colored noise; mapping the medical image to a de-noised medical image without colored noise using a trained convolutional neural network (CNN); and displaying the de-noised medical image via a display device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein mapping the medical image to the de-noised medical image using the trained CNN further includes:
acquiring one or more noise parameters corresponding to a source of the colored noise; and incorporating the one or more noise parameters into the trained CNN. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein incorporating the one or more noise parameters into the trained CNN includes selecting a set of pre-trained weights and biases of the trained CNN based on the one or more noise parameters. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the one or more noise parameters comprise one or more of a k-space sampling pattern used to acquire the medical image, and a k-space sampling density used to acquire the medical image. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the k-space sampling pattern is one of a Parallel Lines with Enhanced Reconstruction (PROPELLER) sampling pattern, a Stack-of-Stars sampling pattern, a ramp sampling pattern, a weighted average sampling pattern, and a variable density spiral sampling pattern. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
training a CNN to produce the trained CNN, using a training medical image comprising colored noise and a pristine medical image corresponding to the training medical image, wherein the pristine medical image is devoid of colored noise, and wherein training the CNN comprises:
selecting the pristine medical image;
synthesizing colored noise in image space;
generating the training medical image by adding the synthesized colored noise to the pristine medical image;
mapping the training medical image to a predicted de-noised medical image;
determining a loss based on a difference between the predicted de-noised medical image and the pristine medical image; and
updating parameters of the CNN based on the loss. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein synthesizing colored noise in image space comprises:
selecting a k-space sampling pattern; selecting a k-space sampling density; producing a k-space noise power mask based on or more of the k-space sampling pattern, a regridding algorithm, and the k-space sampling density; synthesizing a white noise image; taking a Fourier transform of the white noise image to produce a white-noise k-space; applying the k-space noise power mask to the white-noise k-space to produce a colored noise k-space; and taking an inverse Fourier transform of the colored noise k-space to produce synthesized colored noise. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein mapping the training medical image to the predicted de-noised medical image comprises:
indexing the k-space sampling pattern to the training medical image; and selecting a set of weights and biases of the CNN based on the k-space sampling pattern. 9. A method for training a deep neural network to reduce colored noise in medical images comprising:
selecting a first medical image devoid of colored noise; synthesizing a colored noise image based on a noise parameter; generating a second medical image by adding the synthesized colored noise to the first medical image; mapping the second medical image to a predicted de-noised medical image via the deep neural network; determining a loss based on a difference between the predicted de-noised medical image and the first medical image; and updating parameters of the deep neural network based on the loss. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein mapping the second medical image to the predicted de-noised medical image via the deep neural network further includes:
indexing the noise parameter to the second medical image; and selecting a set of weights and biases for the deep neural net based on the noise parameter. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein synthesizing the colored noise image based on the noise parameter further comprises:
selecting a k-space sampling pattern based on the noise parameter; selecting a k-space sampling density; producing a k-space noise power mask based on based on or more of the k-space sampling pattern, a regridding algorithm, and the k-space sampling density; synthesizing a white noise image; generating a white-noise k-space based on the white noise image; applying the k-space noise power mask to the white-noise k-space to produce a colored noise k-space; generating the colored noise image based on the colored noise k-space; and indexing the k-space sampling pattern to the colored noise image. 12. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
receiving a medical image acquired using an imaging system, the medical image comprising colored noise;
mapping, by the deep neural network, the medical image to an output; and
using the output to generate a de-noised medical image. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein receiving the medical image further comprises:
selecting one or more noise parameters; and
incorporating the one or more noise parameters into the trained deep neural network. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more noise parameters comprise one or more of a k-space sampling pattern used to acquire the medical image and a k-space sampling density used to acquire the medical image. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein the k-space sampling pattern is a 3D (three-dimensional) k-space sampling pattern, and the k-space noise power mask is a two-dimensional (2D) projection of a 3D noise power in k-space. 16. A system comprising:
a memory storing a deep neural network; a display device; and a processor communicably coupled to the memory and configured to:
receive a medical image acquired using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, wherein the medical image comprises colored noise;
map the medical image to a de-noised medical image using a trained deep neural network; and
display the de-noised medical image via the display device. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive one or more noise parameters associated with the colored noise; and incorporate the one or more noise parameters into the trained deep neural network. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the one or more noise parameters comprise one or more of a k-space sampling pattern used to acquire the medical image, and a k-space sampling density used to acquire the medical image. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the medical image is a first medical image, and wherein the processor is further configured to train a deep neural network using a pristine medical image and a second medical image with colored noise to produce the trained deep neural network. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the processor is configured to train the deep neural network using the pristine medical image and the second medical image with colored noise by:
selecting the pristine medical image from a plurality of pristine medical images; synthesizing colored noise in image space; adding the synthesized colored noise to the pristine medical image to produce a second medical image comprising the synthesized colored noise; mapping the second medical image to a predicted de-noised medical image; determining a loss based on a difference between the predicted de-noised medical image and the pristine image; and updating parameters of the CNN based on the loss. | Methods and systems are provided for de-noising medical images using deep neural networks. In one embodiment, a method comprises receiving a medical image acquired by an imaging system, wherein the medical image comprises colored noise; mapping the medical image to a de-noised medical image using a trained convolutional neural network (CNN); and displaying the de-noised medical image via a display device. The deep neural network may thereby reduce colored noise in the acquired noisy medical image, increasing a clarity and diagnostic quality of the image.1. A method comprising:
receiving a medical image acquired by an imaging system, wherein the medical image comprises colored noise; mapping the medical image to a de-noised medical image without colored noise using a trained convolutional neural network (CNN); and displaying the de-noised medical image via a display device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein mapping the medical image to the de-noised medical image using the trained CNN further includes:
acquiring one or more noise parameters corresponding to a source of the colored noise; and incorporating the one or more noise parameters into the trained CNN. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein incorporating the one or more noise parameters into the trained CNN includes selecting a set of pre-trained weights and biases of the trained CNN based on the one or more noise parameters. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the one or more noise parameters comprise one or more of a k-space sampling pattern used to acquire the medical image, and a k-space sampling density used to acquire the medical image. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the k-space sampling pattern is one of a Parallel Lines with Enhanced Reconstruction (PROPELLER) sampling pattern, a Stack-of-Stars sampling pattern, a ramp sampling pattern, a weighted average sampling pattern, and a variable density spiral sampling pattern. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
training a CNN to produce the trained CNN, using a training medical image comprising colored noise and a pristine medical image corresponding to the training medical image, wherein the pristine medical image is devoid of colored noise, and wherein training the CNN comprises:
selecting the pristine medical image;
synthesizing colored noise in image space;
generating the training medical image by adding the synthesized colored noise to the pristine medical image;
mapping the training medical image to a predicted de-noised medical image;
determining a loss based on a difference between the predicted de-noised medical image and the pristine medical image; and
updating parameters of the CNN based on the loss. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein synthesizing colored noise in image space comprises:
selecting a k-space sampling pattern; selecting a k-space sampling density; producing a k-space noise power mask based on or more of the k-space sampling pattern, a regridding algorithm, and the k-space sampling density; synthesizing a white noise image; taking a Fourier transform of the white noise image to produce a white-noise k-space; applying the k-space noise power mask to the white-noise k-space to produce a colored noise k-space; and taking an inverse Fourier transform of the colored noise k-space to produce synthesized colored noise. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein mapping the training medical image to the predicted de-noised medical image comprises:
indexing the k-space sampling pattern to the training medical image; and selecting a set of weights and biases of the CNN based on the k-space sampling pattern. 9. A method for training a deep neural network to reduce colored noise in medical images comprising:
selecting a first medical image devoid of colored noise; synthesizing a colored noise image based on a noise parameter; generating a second medical image by adding the synthesized colored noise to the first medical image; mapping the second medical image to a predicted de-noised medical image via the deep neural network; determining a loss based on a difference between the predicted de-noised medical image and the first medical image; and updating parameters of the deep neural network based on the loss. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein mapping the second medical image to the predicted de-noised medical image via the deep neural network further includes:
indexing the noise parameter to the second medical image; and selecting a set of weights and biases for the deep neural net based on the noise parameter. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein synthesizing the colored noise image based on the noise parameter further comprises:
selecting a k-space sampling pattern based on the noise parameter; selecting a k-space sampling density; producing a k-space noise power mask based on based on or more of the k-space sampling pattern, a regridding algorithm, and the k-space sampling density; synthesizing a white noise image; generating a white-noise k-space based on the white noise image; applying the k-space noise power mask to the white-noise k-space to produce a colored noise k-space; generating the colored noise image based on the colored noise k-space; and indexing the k-space sampling pattern to the colored noise image. 12. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
receiving a medical image acquired using an imaging system, the medical image comprising colored noise;
mapping, by the deep neural network, the medical image to an output; and
using the output to generate a de-noised medical image. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein receiving the medical image further comprises:
selecting one or more noise parameters; and
incorporating the one or more noise parameters into the trained deep neural network. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more noise parameters comprise one or more of a k-space sampling pattern used to acquire the medical image and a k-space sampling density used to acquire the medical image. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein the k-space sampling pattern is a 3D (three-dimensional) k-space sampling pattern, and the k-space noise power mask is a two-dimensional (2D) projection of a 3D noise power in k-space. 16. A system comprising:
a memory storing a deep neural network; a display device; and a processor communicably coupled to the memory and configured to:
receive a medical image acquired using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, wherein the medical image comprises colored noise;
map the medical image to a de-noised medical image using a trained deep neural network; and
display the de-noised medical image via the display device. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive one or more noise parameters associated with the colored noise; and incorporate the one or more noise parameters into the trained deep neural network. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the one or more noise parameters comprise one or more of a k-space sampling pattern used to acquire the medical image, and a k-space sampling density used to acquire the medical image. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the medical image is a first medical image, and wherein the processor is further configured to train a deep neural network using a pristine medical image and a second medical image with colored noise to produce the trained deep neural network. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the processor is configured to train the deep neural network using the pristine medical image and the second medical image with colored noise by:
selecting the pristine medical image from a plurality of pristine medical images; synthesizing colored noise in image space; adding the synthesized colored noise to the pristine medical image to produce a second medical image comprising the synthesized colored noise; mapping the second medical image to a predicted de-noised medical image; determining a loss based on a difference between the predicted de-noised medical image and the pristine image; and updating parameters of the CNN based on the loss. | 2,600 |
349,133 | 16,806,699 | 2,641 | In some implementations, a method performed by data processing apparatuses includes receiving order data that represents a plurality of ordered items for delivery to a location; selecting a first policy from a store of first policies; transforming at least a portion of the order data into a plurality of item units, based on rules associated with the selected first policy; selecting a second policy from a store of second policies; for each item unit, based on rules associated with the selected second policy, modifying the item unit to include annotated information that corresponds to operations to be performed on the item unit; and generating instructions for grouping the plurality of item units for delivery to the location, based on the annotated information for the item units. | 1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
receiving order data that represents a plurality of ordered items for delivery to a location; selecting, from a store of first policies, a selected first policy, each first policy in the store of first policies including different rules for transforming the order data into item units; transforming at least a portion of the order data into a plurality of item units, based on rules associated with the selected first policy; selecting, from a store of second policies, a selected second policy, each second policy in the store of second policies including different rules for performing operations on an item unit; for each item unit, based on rules associated with the selected second policy, modifying the item unit to include annotated information that corresponds to operations to be performed on the item unit; and generating instructions for grouping the plurality of item units for delivery to the location, based on the annotated information for the item units. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the order data is received from an order generation simulation. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising receiving one or more first parameter values for the selected first policy, wherein the at least a portion of the order data is transformed into the plurality of item units according the received one or more first parameter values. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein at least two of the first policies in the store of first policies accept different parameters. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
selecting, from a store of third policies, a selected third policy, each third policy in the store of third policies including different rules for performing operations on the item unit; and for each item unit, according to the selected third policy and based at least in part on its annotated information, modifying the item unit to include additional annotated information that corresponds to additional operations to be performed on the item unit; wherein generating instructions for grouping the plurality of item units for delivery to the location is based on the additional annotated information for the item units. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
performing a simulation using the generated instructions for grouping the plurality of items for delivery to the location and determining simulation results for the simulation; and evaluating the simulation results based on one or more metrics. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, further comprising:
modifying one or more of the selected first policy or the selected second policy based on evaluating the simulation results. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, further comprising:
selecting one or more of a different selected first policy or a different selected second policy; generating different instructions for grouping the plurality of items for delivery to the location; performing a different simulation using the different generated instructions for grouping the plurality of items for delivery to the location and determining different simulation results for the different simulation; comparing the simulation results with the different simulation results; and based on the comparing, selecting an optimized policy combination from among a policy combination used in the simulation and a different policy combination used in the different simulation. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, further comprising:
receiving additional order data from an order generation system; and generating additional instructions for grouping an additional plurality of item units for delivery to the location. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, further comprising providing the additional generated instructions for presentation on a display of a computing device. 11. A computer system comprising:
one or more data processing apparatuses including one or more processors, memory, and storage devices storing instructions that, when executed, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising: receiving order data that represents a plurality of ordered items for delivery to a location; selecting, from a store of first policies, a selected first policy, each first policy in the store of first policies including different rules for transforming the order data into item units; transforming at least a portion of the order data into a plurality of item units, based on rules associated with the selected first policy; selecting, from a store of second policies, a selected second policy, each second policy in the store of second policies including different rules for performing operations on an item unit; for each item unit, based on rules associated with the selected second policy, modifying the item unit to include annotated information that corresponds to operations to be performed on the item unit; and generating instructions for grouping the plurality of item units for delivery to the location, based on the annotated information for the item units. 12. The computer system of claim 11, the operations further comprising receiving one or more first parameter values for the selected first policy, wherein the at least a portion of the order data is transformed into the plurality of item units according the received one or more first parameter values. 13. The computer system of claim 12, wherein at least two of the first policies in the store of first policies accept different parameters. 14. The computer system of claim 11, the operations further comprising:
selecting, from a store of third policies, a selected third policy, each third policy in the store of third policies including different rules for performing operations on the item unit; and for each item unit, according to the selected third policy and based at least in part on its annotated information, modifying the item unit to include additional annotated information that corresponds to additional operations to be performed on the item unit; wherein generating instructions for grouping the plurality of item units for delivery to the location is based on the additional annotated information for the item units. 15. The computer system of claim 11, the operations further comprising:
performing a simulation using the generated instructions for grouping the plurality of items for delivery to the location and determining simulation results for the simulation; and evaluating the simulation results based on one or more metrics. 16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium coupled to one or more processors and having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving order data that represents a plurality of ordered items for delivery to a location; selecting, from a store of first policies, a selected first policy, each first policy in the store of first policies including different rules for transforming the order data into item units; transforming at least a portion of the order data into a plurality of item units, based on rules associated with the selected first policy; selecting, from a store of second policies, a selected second policy, each second policy in the store of second policies including different rules for performing operations on an item unit; for each item unit, based on rules associated with the selected second policy, modifying the item unit to include annotated information that corresponds to operations to be performed on the item unit; and generating instructions for grouping the plurality of item units for delivery to the location, based on the annotated information for the item units. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, the operations further comprising receiving one or more first parameter values for the selected first policy, wherein the at least a portion of the order data is transformed into the plurality of item units according the received one or more first parameter values. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein at least two of the first policies in the store of first policies accept different parameters. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, the operations further comprising:
selecting, from a store of third policies, a selected third policy, each third policy in the store of third policies including different rules for performing operations on the item unit; and for each item unit, according to the selected third policy and based at least in part on its annotated information, modifying the item unit to include additional annotated information that corresponds to additional operations to be performed on the item unit; wherein generating instructions for grouping the plurality of item units for delivery to the location is based on the additional annotated information for the item units. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, the operations further comprising:
performing a simulation using the generated instructions for grouping the plurality of items for delivery to the location and determining simulation results for the simulation; and evaluating the simulation results based on one or more metrics. | In some implementations, a method performed by data processing apparatuses includes receiving order data that represents a plurality of ordered items for delivery to a location; selecting a first policy from a store of first policies; transforming at least a portion of the order data into a plurality of item units, based on rules associated with the selected first policy; selecting a second policy from a store of second policies; for each item unit, based on rules associated with the selected second policy, modifying the item unit to include annotated information that corresponds to operations to be performed on the item unit; and generating instructions for grouping the plurality of item units for delivery to the location, based on the annotated information for the item units.1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
receiving order data that represents a plurality of ordered items for delivery to a location; selecting, from a store of first policies, a selected first policy, each first policy in the store of first policies including different rules for transforming the order data into item units; transforming at least a portion of the order data into a plurality of item units, based on rules associated with the selected first policy; selecting, from a store of second policies, a selected second policy, each second policy in the store of second policies including different rules for performing operations on an item unit; for each item unit, based on rules associated with the selected second policy, modifying the item unit to include annotated information that corresponds to operations to be performed on the item unit; and generating instructions for grouping the plurality of item units for delivery to the location, based on the annotated information for the item units. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the order data is received from an order generation simulation. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising receiving one or more first parameter values for the selected first policy, wherein the at least a portion of the order data is transformed into the plurality of item units according the received one or more first parameter values. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein at least two of the first policies in the store of first policies accept different parameters. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
selecting, from a store of third policies, a selected third policy, each third policy in the store of third policies including different rules for performing operations on the item unit; and for each item unit, according to the selected third policy and based at least in part on its annotated information, modifying the item unit to include additional annotated information that corresponds to additional operations to be performed on the item unit; wherein generating instructions for grouping the plurality of item units for delivery to the location is based on the additional annotated information for the item units. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
performing a simulation using the generated instructions for grouping the plurality of items for delivery to the location and determining simulation results for the simulation; and evaluating the simulation results based on one or more metrics. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, further comprising:
modifying one or more of the selected first policy or the selected second policy based on evaluating the simulation results. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, further comprising:
selecting one or more of a different selected first policy or a different selected second policy; generating different instructions for grouping the plurality of items for delivery to the location; performing a different simulation using the different generated instructions for grouping the plurality of items for delivery to the location and determining different simulation results for the different simulation; comparing the simulation results with the different simulation results; and based on the comparing, selecting an optimized policy combination from among a policy combination used in the simulation and a different policy combination used in the different simulation. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, further comprising:
receiving additional order data from an order generation system; and generating additional instructions for grouping an additional plurality of item units for delivery to the location. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, further comprising providing the additional generated instructions for presentation on a display of a computing device. 11. A computer system comprising:
one or more data processing apparatuses including one or more processors, memory, and storage devices storing instructions that, when executed, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising: receiving order data that represents a plurality of ordered items for delivery to a location; selecting, from a store of first policies, a selected first policy, each first policy in the store of first policies including different rules for transforming the order data into item units; transforming at least a portion of the order data into a plurality of item units, based on rules associated with the selected first policy; selecting, from a store of second policies, a selected second policy, each second policy in the store of second policies including different rules for performing operations on an item unit; for each item unit, based on rules associated with the selected second policy, modifying the item unit to include annotated information that corresponds to operations to be performed on the item unit; and generating instructions for grouping the plurality of item units for delivery to the location, based on the annotated information for the item units. 12. The computer system of claim 11, the operations further comprising receiving one or more first parameter values for the selected first policy, wherein the at least a portion of the order data is transformed into the plurality of item units according the received one or more first parameter values. 13. The computer system of claim 12, wherein at least two of the first policies in the store of first policies accept different parameters. 14. The computer system of claim 11, the operations further comprising:
selecting, from a store of third policies, a selected third policy, each third policy in the store of third policies including different rules for performing operations on the item unit; and for each item unit, according to the selected third policy and based at least in part on its annotated information, modifying the item unit to include additional annotated information that corresponds to additional operations to be performed on the item unit; wherein generating instructions for grouping the plurality of item units for delivery to the location is based on the additional annotated information for the item units. 15. The computer system of claim 11, the operations further comprising:
performing a simulation using the generated instructions for grouping the plurality of items for delivery to the location and determining simulation results for the simulation; and evaluating the simulation results based on one or more metrics. 16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium coupled to one or more processors and having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving order data that represents a plurality of ordered items for delivery to a location; selecting, from a store of first policies, a selected first policy, each first policy in the store of first policies including different rules for transforming the order data into item units; transforming at least a portion of the order data into a plurality of item units, based on rules associated with the selected first policy; selecting, from a store of second policies, a selected second policy, each second policy in the store of second policies including different rules for performing operations on an item unit; for each item unit, based on rules associated with the selected second policy, modifying the item unit to include annotated information that corresponds to operations to be performed on the item unit; and generating instructions for grouping the plurality of item units for delivery to the location, based on the annotated information for the item units. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, the operations further comprising receiving one or more first parameter values for the selected first policy, wherein the at least a portion of the order data is transformed into the plurality of item units according the received one or more first parameter values. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein at least two of the first policies in the store of first policies accept different parameters. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, the operations further comprising:
selecting, from a store of third policies, a selected third policy, each third policy in the store of third policies including different rules for performing operations on the item unit; and for each item unit, according to the selected third policy and based at least in part on its annotated information, modifying the item unit to include additional annotated information that corresponds to additional operations to be performed on the item unit; wherein generating instructions for grouping the plurality of item units for delivery to the location is based on the additional annotated information for the item units. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, the operations further comprising:
performing a simulation using the generated instructions for grouping the plurality of items for delivery to the location and determining simulation results for the simulation; and evaluating the simulation results based on one or more metrics. | 2,600 |
349,134 | 16,806,704 | 1,655 | Disclosed herein are natural product compositions for treating ADHD and related disorders. | 1. A natural product composition comprising (i) a cannabidiol, and (ii) and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of passion flower, a root extract from a valerian species, ashwagandha, and spikenard. 2. The natural product composition of claim 1, wherein the natural product composition comprises at least two of passion flower, a root extract from a Valerian species, Ashwagandha, and spikenard. 3. The natural product composition of claim 1, wherein the natural product composition comprises at least three of passion flower, a root extract from a Valerian species, Ashwagandha, and spikenard. 4. The natural product composition of claim 1, further comprising a medium chain triglyceride. 5. The natural product of claim 1, wherein the cannabidiol comprises 2-[3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl]-5-pentyl-1,3-benzenediol or a salt, or a solvate thereof. 6. The natural product of claim 1, wherein the cannabidiol comprises a metaboloite of 2-[3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl]-5-pentyl-1,3-benzenediol or a salt, or a solvate thereof. 7. The natural product of claim 1, wherein the cannabidiol comprises a metabolic precursor of 2-[3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl]-5-pentyl-1,3-benzenediol or a salt, or a solvate thereof. 8. The natural product claim 1, wherein the cannabidiol is present in the natural product composition in an amount ranging from between about 2% to about 20% by total weight of the natural product composition. 9. The natural product claim 1, wherein the cannabidiol is present in the natural product composition in an amount ranging from between about 4% to about 15% by total weight of the natural product composition. 10. The natural product claim 1, wherein the cannabidiol is present in the natural product composition in an amount ranging from between about 6% to about 11% by total weight of the natural product composition. 11. The natural product composition of claim 2, wherein the at least two additives comprise passion flower and root extract from a Valerian species. 12. The natural product composition of claim 2, wherein the at least two additives comprise passion flower and ashwagandha. 13. The natural product composition of claim 2, wherein the at least two additives comprise passion flower and spikenard. 14. The natural product composition of claim 2, wherein the at least two additives comprise ashwagandha and root extract from a Valerian species. 15. The natural product composition of claim 2, wherein the at least two additives comprise spikenard and root extract from a Valerian species. 16. The natural product composition of claim 2, wherein the at least two additives comprise spikenard and ashwagandha. 17. The natural product composition of claim 1, wherein the natural product composition comprises hemp oil and wherein the cannabidiol is at least partially present in the hemp oil. 18. A natural product composition comprising (i) a cannabidiol, and (ii) and at least two additives selected from the group consisting of a compound derived or extracted from passion flower, a compound derived or extracted from valerian or valerian root, a compound derived or extracted from ashwagandha, and a compound derived or extracted from spikenard. 19. The natural product composition of claim 18, wherein the natural product composition comprises hemp oil and wherein the cannabidiol is at least partially present in the hemp oil. 20. A natural product composition comprising (i) hemp oil, and (ii) and at least two additives selected from the group consisting of passion flower, a root extract from a Valerian species, Ashwagandha, and spikenard. | Disclosed herein are natural product compositions for treating ADHD and related disorders.1. A natural product composition comprising (i) a cannabidiol, and (ii) and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of passion flower, a root extract from a valerian species, ashwagandha, and spikenard. 2. The natural product composition of claim 1, wherein the natural product composition comprises at least two of passion flower, a root extract from a Valerian species, Ashwagandha, and spikenard. 3. The natural product composition of claim 1, wherein the natural product composition comprises at least three of passion flower, a root extract from a Valerian species, Ashwagandha, and spikenard. 4. The natural product composition of claim 1, further comprising a medium chain triglyceride. 5. The natural product of claim 1, wherein the cannabidiol comprises 2-[3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl]-5-pentyl-1,3-benzenediol or a salt, or a solvate thereof. 6. The natural product of claim 1, wherein the cannabidiol comprises a metaboloite of 2-[3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl]-5-pentyl-1,3-benzenediol or a salt, or a solvate thereof. 7. The natural product of claim 1, wherein the cannabidiol comprises a metabolic precursor of 2-[3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl]-5-pentyl-1,3-benzenediol or a salt, or a solvate thereof. 8. The natural product claim 1, wherein the cannabidiol is present in the natural product composition in an amount ranging from between about 2% to about 20% by total weight of the natural product composition. 9. The natural product claim 1, wherein the cannabidiol is present in the natural product composition in an amount ranging from between about 4% to about 15% by total weight of the natural product composition. 10. The natural product claim 1, wherein the cannabidiol is present in the natural product composition in an amount ranging from between about 6% to about 11% by total weight of the natural product composition. 11. The natural product composition of claim 2, wherein the at least two additives comprise passion flower and root extract from a Valerian species. 12. The natural product composition of claim 2, wherein the at least two additives comprise passion flower and ashwagandha. 13. The natural product composition of claim 2, wherein the at least two additives comprise passion flower and spikenard. 14. The natural product composition of claim 2, wherein the at least two additives comprise ashwagandha and root extract from a Valerian species. 15. The natural product composition of claim 2, wherein the at least two additives comprise spikenard and root extract from a Valerian species. 16. The natural product composition of claim 2, wherein the at least two additives comprise spikenard and ashwagandha. 17. The natural product composition of claim 1, wherein the natural product composition comprises hemp oil and wherein the cannabidiol is at least partially present in the hemp oil. 18. A natural product composition comprising (i) a cannabidiol, and (ii) and at least two additives selected from the group consisting of a compound derived or extracted from passion flower, a compound derived or extracted from valerian or valerian root, a compound derived or extracted from ashwagandha, and a compound derived or extracted from spikenard. 19. The natural product composition of claim 18, wherein the natural product composition comprises hemp oil and wherein the cannabidiol is at least partially present in the hemp oil. 20. A natural product composition comprising (i) hemp oil, and (ii) and at least two additives selected from the group consisting of passion flower, a root extract from a Valerian species, Ashwagandha, and spikenard. | 1,600 |
349,135 | 16,806,710 | 3,711 | Disclosed herein are natural product compositions for treating ADHD and related disorders. | 1. A natural product composition comprising (i) a cannabidiol, and (ii) and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of passion flower, a root extract from a valerian species, ashwagandha, and spikenard. 2. The natural product composition of claim 1, wherein the natural product composition comprises at least two of passion flower, a root extract from a Valerian species, Ashwagandha, and spikenard. 3. The natural product composition of claim 1, wherein the natural product composition comprises at least three of passion flower, a root extract from a Valerian species, Ashwagandha, and spikenard. 4. The natural product composition of claim 1, further comprising a medium chain triglyceride. 5. The natural product of claim 1, wherein the cannabidiol comprises 2-[3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl]-5-pentyl-1,3-benzenediol or a salt, or a solvate thereof. 6. The natural product of claim 1, wherein the cannabidiol comprises a metaboloite of 2-[3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl]-5-pentyl-1,3-benzenediol or a salt, or a solvate thereof. 7. The natural product of claim 1, wherein the cannabidiol comprises a metabolic precursor of 2-[3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl]-5-pentyl-1,3-benzenediol or a salt, or a solvate thereof. 8. The natural product claim 1, wherein the cannabidiol is present in the natural product composition in an amount ranging from between about 2% to about 20% by total weight of the natural product composition. 9. The natural product claim 1, wherein the cannabidiol is present in the natural product composition in an amount ranging from between about 4% to about 15% by total weight of the natural product composition. 10. The natural product claim 1, wherein the cannabidiol is present in the natural product composition in an amount ranging from between about 6% to about 11% by total weight of the natural product composition. 11. The natural product composition of claim 2, wherein the at least two additives comprise passion flower and root extract from a Valerian species. 12. The natural product composition of claim 2, wherein the at least two additives comprise passion flower and ashwagandha. 13. The natural product composition of claim 2, wherein the at least two additives comprise passion flower and spikenard. 14. The natural product composition of claim 2, wherein the at least two additives comprise ashwagandha and root extract from a Valerian species. 15. The natural product composition of claim 2, wherein the at least two additives comprise spikenard and root extract from a Valerian species. 16. The natural product composition of claim 2, wherein the at least two additives comprise spikenard and ashwagandha. 17. The natural product composition of claim 1, wherein the natural product composition comprises hemp oil and wherein the cannabidiol is at least partially present in the hemp oil. 18. A natural product composition comprising (i) a cannabidiol, and (ii) and at least two additives selected from the group consisting of a compound derived or extracted from passion flower, a compound derived or extracted from valerian or valerian root, a compound derived or extracted from ashwagandha, and a compound derived or extracted from spikenard. 19. The natural product composition of claim 18, wherein the natural product composition comprises hemp oil and wherein the cannabidiol is at least partially present in the hemp oil. 20. A natural product composition comprising (i) hemp oil, and (ii) and at least two additives selected from the group consisting of passion flower, a root extract from a Valerian species, Ashwagandha, and spikenard. | Disclosed herein are natural product compositions for treating ADHD and related disorders.1. A natural product composition comprising (i) a cannabidiol, and (ii) and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of passion flower, a root extract from a valerian species, ashwagandha, and spikenard. 2. The natural product composition of claim 1, wherein the natural product composition comprises at least two of passion flower, a root extract from a Valerian species, Ashwagandha, and spikenard. 3. The natural product composition of claim 1, wherein the natural product composition comprises at least three of passion flower, a root extract from a Valerian species, Ashwagandha, and spikenard. 4. The natural product composition of claim 1, further comprising a medium chain triglyceride. 5. The natural product of claim 1, wherein the cannabidiol comprises 2-[3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl]-5-pentyl-1,3-benzenediol or a salt, or a solvate thereof. 6. The natural product of claim 1, wherein the cannabidiol comprises a metaboloite of 2-[3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl]-5-pentyl-1,3-benzenediol or a salt, or a solvate thereof. 7. The natural product of claim 1, wherein the cannabidiol comprises a metabolic precursor of 2-[3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl]-5-pentyl-1,3-benzenediol or a salt, or a solvate thereof. 8. The natural product claim 1, wherein the cannabidiol is present in the natural product composition in an amount ranging from between about 2% to about 20% by total weight of the natural product composition. 9. The natural product claim 1, wherein the cannabidiol is present in the natural product composition in an amount ranging from between about 4% to about 15% by total weight of the natural product composition. 10. The natural product claim 1, wherein the cannabidiol is present in the natural product composition in an amount ranging from between about 6% to about 11% by total weight of the natural product composition. 11. The natural product composition of claim 2, wherein the at least two additives comprise passion flower and root extract from a Valerian species. 12. The natural product composition of claim 2, wherein the at least two additives comprise passion flower and ashwagandha. 13. The natural product composition of claim 2, wherein the at least two additives comprise passion flower and spikenard. 14. The natural product composition of claim 2, wherein the at least two additives comprise ashwagandha and root extract from a Valerian species. 15. The natural product composition of claim 2, wherein the at least two additives comprise spikenard and root extract from a Valerian species. 16. The natural product composition of claim 2, wherein the at least two additives comprise spikenard and ashwagandha. 17. The natural product composition of claim 1, wherein the natural product composition comprises hemp oil and wherein the cannabidiol is at least partially present in the hemp oil. 18. A natural product composition comprising (i) a cannabidiol, and (ii) and at least two additives selected from the group consisting of a compound derived or extracted from passion flower, a compound derived or extracted from valerian or valerian root, a compound derived or extracted from ashwagandha, and a compound derived or extracted from spikenard. 19. The natural product composition of claim 18, wherein the natural product composition comprises hemp oil and wherein the cannabidiol is at least partially present in the hemp oil. 20. A natural product composition comprising (i) hemp oil, and (ii) and at least two additives selected from the group consisting of passion flower, a root extract from a Valerian species, Ashwagandha, and spikenard. | 3,700 |
349,136 | 16,806,718 | 2,632 | The present invention relates to a transponder tag (10) that is operable by a mobile telephone, a mobile telephone for operating such a transponder tag (10), a method of operating the transponder tag (10), and a method for detecting the presence of a portable object. The transponder tag comprises a receiving unit (20) for receiving a wireless input signal. The transponder tag (10) is configured to obtain energy (EG) from the received input signal and to use the energy (EG) obtained from the input signal for transmitting by way of a wireless short-range connection a wireless output signal (SSR) that corresponds to a tag information (ITG) of the transponder tag (10). The receiving unit (20) is configured to receive a wireless input signal (STUP) at a frequency of at least one uplink band of a mobile telephone network. In this way, radiation energy of the mobile phone is used to achieve an energy-efficient and reliable operation of the transponder tag as long as the latter is located within a short distance of the mobile phone. This is useful for numerous applications. For example a person may use his/her mobile telephone to obtain a quick overview and/or a reliable confirmation that all his/her personnel belongings, e.g. keys or medical box, are “on board” at the moment the person leaves home. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A transponder tag comprising a receiving unit for receiving a wireless input signal, wherein the transponder tag is configured to obtain energy from the received wireless input signal and to use said energy for providing a wireless short-range connection from the transponder tag to a mobile telephone, and wherein the transponder tag is configured to provide the wireless short-range connection by reflecting at least a part of a RF radiation from a sender device, in particular from said mobile phone, and to modulate the reflected signal according to a tag information of the transponder tag. 22. The transponder tag according to claim 1, wherein the short-range connection provides a wireless operational range of 0.2 m to 2 m or 0.3 m to 1.5 m or 0.4 m to 1.0 m. 23. The transponder tag according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit is a multiband receiving unit and/or has a bandwidth of at least 20 MHz or at least 50 MHz or at least 100 MHz. 24. The transponder tag according to claim 1 comprising an energy-storing unit, in particular an intermediate storage unit, which comprises at least one capacitor or at least one battery for providing power to a controlling unit of the transponder tag. 25. The transponder tag according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit is configured to receive the wireless input signal at a UHF frequency and/or at a frequency band that differs from the frequency band of the wireless short-range connection by at least 20 MHz, in particular at least 50 MHz or at least 100 MHz. 26. The transponder tag according to claim 1, wherein the transponder tag comprises a controlling unit for controlling the modulating and/or a receiving antenna and a separate transmission antenna, arranged in particular on opposite sides of the transponder tag. 27. The transponder tag according to claim 1, wherein the wireless input signal is part of an uplink band of a cellular network, in particular of a GSM, UMTS or LTE network, or part of a local wireless network band, in particular an ISM radio band, further in particular a WLAN-Band. 28. The transponder tag according to claim 1, wherein the wireless short-range connection is based on Bluetooth BLE, ANT or ZigBee technology. 29. The transponder tag according to claim 1, wherein the transponder tag is configured for transmitting the wireless output signal autonomously and/or asynchronously, in particular by one-way communication. 30. A portable object comprising one or more transponder tags according to claim 1, wherein the one or more transponder tags are arranged according to least one of:
at different surfaces of the portable object, a periodical pattern, and an array. 31. A mobile telephone configured to receive tag information from the transponder tag according to claim 1 via the wireless short-range connection, wherein in particular the mobile telephone comprises a transmission unit for emitting a wireless signal,
wherein the transmission unit (7) is switchable to a frequency that corresponds to at least one receiving frequency of the transponder tag. 32. The mobile telephone according to claim 31, comprising a user control interface for enabling the user to control the point in time for emitting the wireless signal and/or the frequency of the emitted wireless signal. 33. A method of operating a transponder tag that comprises a receiving unit, the method comprising:
receiving via the receiving unit a wireless input signal; obtaining energy from the received wireless input signal; and using the obtained energy for providing a short-range wireless connection from the transponder tag to a mobile telephone by reflecting at least a part of a RF radiation from a sender device, in particular from said mobile phone, and modulating the reflected signal according to a tag information of the transponder tag. | The present invention relates to a transponder tag (10) that is operable by a mobile telephone, a mobile telephone for operating such a transponder tag (10), a method of operating the transponder tag (10), and a method for detecting the presence of a portable object. The transponder tag comprises a receiving unit (20) for receiving a wireless input signal. The transponder tag (10) is configured to obtain energy (EG) from the received input signal and to use the energy (EG) obtained from the input signal for transmitting by way of a wireless short-range connection a wireless output signal (SSR) that corresponds to a tag information (ITG) of the transponder tag (10). The receiving unit (20) is configured to receive a wireless input signal (STUP) at a frequency of at least one uplink band of a mobile telephone network. In this way, radiation energy of the mobile phone is used to achieve an energy-efficient and reliable operation of the transponder tag as long as the latter is located within a short distance of the mobile phone. This is useful for numerous applications. For example a person may use his/her mobile telephone to obtain a quick overview and/or a reliable confirmation that all his/her personnel belongings, e.g. keys or medical box, are “on board” at the moment the person leaves home.1-20. (canceled) 21. A transponder tag comprising a receiving unit for receiving a wireless input signal, wherein the transponder tag is configured to obtain energy from the received wireless input signal and to use said energy for providing a wireless short-range connection from the transponder tag to a mobile telephone, and wherein the transponder tag is configured to provide the wireless short-range connection by reflecting at least a part of a RF radiation from a sender device, in particular from said mobile phone, and to modulate the reflected signal according to a tag information of the transponder tag. 22. The transponder tag according to claim 1, wherein the short-range connection provides a wireless operational range of 0.2 m to 2 m or 0.3 m to 1.5 m or 0.4 m to 1.0 m. 23. The transponder tag according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit is a multiband receiving unit and/or has a bandwidth of at least 20 MHz or at least 50 MHz or at least 100 MHz. 24. The transponder tag according to claim 1 comprising an energy-storing unit, in particular an intermediate storage unit, which comprises at least one capacitor or at least one battery for providing power to a controlling unit of the transponder tag. 25. The transponder tag according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit is configured to receive the wireless input signal at a UHF frequency and/or at a frequency band that differs from the frequency band of the wireless short-range connection by at least 20 MHz, in particular at least 50 MHz or at least 100 MHz. 26. The transponder tag according to claim 1, wherein the transponder tag comprises a controlling unit for controlling the modulating and/or a receiving antenna and a separate transmission antenna, arranged in particular on opposite sides of the transponder tag. 27. The transponder tag according to claim 1, wherein the wireless input signal is part of an uplink band of a cellular network, in particular of a GSM, UMTS or LTE network, or part of a local wireless network band, in particular an ISM radio band, further in particular a WLAN-Band. 28. The transponder tag according to claim 1, wherein the wireless short-range connection is based on Bluetooth BLE, ANT or ZigBee technology. 29. The transponder tag according to claim 1, wherein the transponder tag is configured for transmitting the wireless output signal autonomously and/or asynchronously, in particular by one-way communication. 30. A portable object comprising one or more transponder tags according to claim 1, wherein the one or more transponder tags are arranged according to least one of:
at different surfaces of the portable object, a periodical pattern, and an array. 31. A mobile telephone configured to receive tag information from the transponder tag according to claim 1 via the wireless short-range connection, wherein in particular the mobile telephone comprises a transmission unit for emitting a wireless signal,
wherein the transmission unit (7) is switchable to a frequency that corresponds to at least one receiving frequency of the transponder tag. 32. The mobile telephone according to claim 31, comprising a user control interface for enabling the user to control the point in time for emitting the wireless signal and/or the frequency of the emitted wireless signal. 33. A method of operating a transponder tag that comprises a receiving unit, the method comprising:
receiving via the receiving unit a wireless input signal; obtaining energy from the received wireless input signal; and using the obtained energy for providing a short-range wireless connection from the transponder tag to a mobile telephone by reflecting at least a part of a RF radiation from a sender device, in particular from said mobile phone, and modulating the reflected signal according to a tag information of the transponder tag. | 2,600 |
349,137 | 16,806,703 | 2,632 | The present disclosure relates to compositions, including, hydrogel compositions useful as analgesics including cannabinoids, menthol and anesthetic in a composition formulated to be administrable to a non-human animal rectally as a suppository. The menthol component can be a stabilized menthol composition comprising menthol and at least one menthol stabilizer compound including undecylenic acid methyl ester, undecylenic acid or a salt of undecylenic acid. | 1. A suppository, comprising:
a biocompatible polymer in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 25 wt %; a polyalcohol in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 70 wt %; a veterinary effective amount of at least one cannabinoid; a veterinary effective amount of menthol comprising a stabilized menthol composition including menthol and at least one menthol stabilizer compound including undecylenic acid methyl ester, undecylenic acid or a salt of undecylenic acid; and a veterinary effective amount of anesthetic, wherein the total amount of menthol and anesthetic does not exceed about 20 wt % and the suppository is a solid or semi-solid composition including less than 0.5% water and includes less than 0.3% THC. 2. The suppository of claim 1, further including a disintegrant in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 30 wt %. 3. The suppository of claim 1, wherein the biocompatible polymer is carboxymethyl cellulose and the polyalcohol is glycerin. 4. The suppository of claim 1, wherein the anesthetic is benzocaine. 5. The suppository of claim 1, wherein the at least one cannabinoid includes full spectrum hemp oil. 6. The suppository of claim 1, wherein the veterinary effective amount of the at least one cannabinoid is a unit dose of the at least one cannabinoid in an amount ranging from about 100 mg. to about 1500 mg. 7. The suppository of claim 1, wherein veterinary effective amount of at least one cannabinoid is a unit dose of the at least one cannabinoid in an amount ranging from about 5 mg. to about 20 mg. 8. The suppository of claim 1, wherein the veterinary effective amount of anesthetic is a unit dose of the anesthetic in an amount ranging from about 30 mg to about 100 mg. 9. The suppository of claim 1, wherein the veterinary effective amount of anesthetic is a unit dose of the anesthetic in an amount ranging from about 800 mg to about 1100 mg. 10. The suppository of claim 1, wherein veterinary effective amount of at least one cannabinoid includes an anti-inflammatory effective amount. 11. The suppository of claim 1, wherein veterinary effective amount of at least one cannabinoid includes an analgesic effective amount. 12. The suppository of claim 1, wherein the veterinary effective amount of anesthetic includes an anesthetic effective amount. 13. A suppository, comprising:
sodium carboxymethyl cellulose including less than 0.5% residual water and in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 25 wt %; glycerin polyalcohol including less than 0.5% and less residual water and in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 70 wt %; full spectrum hemp oil in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % including a unit dose of full spectrum hemp oil in an amount ranging from about 5 mg. to about 1500 mg.; and menthol in an amount of from about 0.05 wt % to about 20 wt % including a unit dose of menthol in an amount ranging from about 30 mg. to about 1500 mg, wherein the menthol is included in a stabilized menthol composition comprising menthol and at least one menthol stabilizer compound including undecylenic acid methyl ester, undecylenic acid or a salt of undecylenic acid; benzocaine in an amount of from about 0.05 wt % to about 20 wt % including a unit dose of the benzocaine in an amount ranging from about 30 mg. to about 1500 mg, wherein the total amount of menthol and benzocaine does not exceed about 20 wt % and the suppository includes less than 0.3% THC. 14. The suppository of claim 13, wherein the full spectrum hemp oil is in a unit dose amount of from about 100 mg. to about 1500 mg, benzocaine is in a unit dose amount of from about 800 mg to about 1100 mg and menthol is in a unit dose amount of from about 800 mg to about 1100 mg. 15. The suppository of claim 13, wherein the full spectrum hemp oil is in a unit dose amount of from about 5 mg. to about 20 mg, benzocaine is in a unit dose amount of from about 30 mg to about 100 mg and menthol is in a unit dose amount of from about 30 mg to about 100 mg. 16. The suppository of claim 13, further including a disintegrant in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 30 wt %. 17. A method of treating inflammation in a non-human mammal using a therapeutic suppository, the therapeutic suppository being a unit dose formulation comprising:
sodium carboxymethyl cellulose including less than 0.5% residual water and in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 25 wt %; anhydrous glycerin polyalcohol including less than 0.5% residual water and in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 70 wt %; full spectrum hemp oil in a unit dose amount of from about 5 mg. to about 1500 mg.; menthol in a unit dose amount of from about 30 mg. to about 1500 mg., wherein the menthol is included in a stabilized menthol composition comprising menthol and at least one menthol stabilizer compound including undecylenic acid methyl ester, undecylenic acid or a salt of undecylenic acid; and benzocaine in a unit dose amount of from about 30 mg. to about 1500 mg., wherein the total amount of menthol and benzocaine does not exceed about 20 wt % and the suppository includes less than 0.3% THC, the method comprising administering the therapeutic suppository into a rectal cavity of the non-human mammal. 18. The method of claim 17, further including a disintegrant in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 30 wt %. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the benzocaine is in an amount of from about 0.05 wt % to about 20 wt %. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the full spectrum hemp oil is in a unit dose amount of full spectrum hemp oil from about 100 mg. to about 1500 mg., the benzocaine is in a unit dose amount of from about 800 mg. to about 1100 mg and the menthol is in a unit dose amount of from about 800 mg. to about 1100 mg. | The present disclosure relates to compositions, including, hydrogel compositions useful as analgesics including cannabinoids, menthol and anesthetic in a composition formulated to be administrable to a non-human animal rectally as a suppository. The menthol component can be a stabilized menthol composition comprising menthol and at least one menthol stabilizer compound including undecylenic acid methyl ester, undecylenic acid or a salt of undecylenic acid.1. A suppository, comprising:
a biocompatible polymer in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 25 wt %; a polyalcohol in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 70 wt %; a veterinary effective amount of at least one cannabinoid; a veterinary effective amount of menthol comprising a stabilized menthol composition including menthol and at least one menthol stabilizer compound including undecylenic acid methyl ester, undecylenic acid or a salt of undecylenic acid; and a veterinary effective amount of anesthetic, wherein the total amount of menthol and anesthetic does not exceed about 20 wt % and the suppository is a solid or semi-solid composition including less than 0.5% water and includes less than 0.3% THC. 2. The suppository of claim 1, further including a disintegrant in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 30 wt %. 3. The suppository of claim 1, wherein the biocompatible polymer is carboxymethyl cellulose and the polyalcohol is glycerin. 4. The suppository of claim 1, wherein the anesthetic is benzocaine. 5. The suppository of claim 1, wherein the at least one cannabinoid includes full spectrum hemp oil. 6. The suppository of claim 1, wherein the veterinary effective amount of the at least one cannabinoid is a unit dose of the at least one cannabinoid in an amount ranging from about 100 mg. to about 1500 mg. 7. The suppository of claim 1, wherein veterinary effective amount of at least one cannabinoid is a unit dose of the at least one cannabinoid in an amount ranging from about 5 mg. to about 20 mg. 8. The suppository of claim 1, wherein the veterinary effective amount of anesthetic is a unit dose of the anesthetic in an amount ranging from about 30 mg to about 100 mg. 9. The suppository of claim 1, wherein the veterinary effective amount of anesthetic is a unit dose of the anesthetic in an amount ranging from about 800 mg to about 1100 mg. 10. The suppository of claim 1, wherein veterinary effective amount of at least one cannabinoid includes an anti-inflammatory effective amount. 11. The suppository of claim 1, wherein veterinary effective amount of at least one cannabinoid includes an analgesic effective amount. 12. The suppository of claim 1, wherein the veterinary effective amount of anesthetic includes an anesthetic effective amount. 13. A suppository, comprising:
sodium carboxymethyl cellulose including less than 0.5% residual water and in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 25 wt %; glycerin polyalcohol including less than 0.5% and less residual water and in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 70 wt %; full spectrum hemp oil in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % including a unit dose of full spectrum hemp oil in an amount ranging from about 5 mg. to about 1500 mg.; and menthol in an amount of from about 0.05 wt % to about 20 wt % including a unit dose of menthol in an amount ranging from about 30 mg. to about 1500 mg, wherein the menthol is included in a stabilized menthol composition comprising menthol and at least one menthol stabilizer compound including undecylenic acid methyl ester, undecylenic acid or a salt of undecylenic acid; benzocaine in an amount of from about 0.05 wt % to about 20 wt % including a unit dose of the benzocaine in an amount ranging from about 30 mg. to about 1500 mg, wherein the total amount of menthol and benzocaine does not exceed about 20 wt % and the suppository includes less than 0.3% THC. 14. The suppository of claim 13, wherein the full spectrum hemp oil is in a unit dose amount of from about 100 mg. to about 1500 mg, benzocaine is in a unit dose amount of from about 800 mg to about 1100 mg and menthol is in a unit dose amount of from about 800 mg to about 1100 mg. 15. The suppository of claim 13, wherein the full spectrum hemp oil is in a unit dose amount of from about 5 mg. to about 20 mg, benzocaine is in a unit dose amount of from about 30 mg to about 100 mg and menthol is in a unit dose amount of from about 30 mg to about 100 mg. 16. The suppository of claim 13, further including a disintegrant in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 30 wt %. 17. A method of treating inflammation in a non-human mammal using a therapeutic suppository, the therapeutic suppository being a unit dose formulation comprising:
sodium carboxymethyl cellulose including less than 0.5% residual water and in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 25 wt %; anhydrous glycerin polyalcohol including less than 0.5% residual water and in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 70 wt %; full spectrum hemp oil in a unit dose amount of from about 5 mg. to about 1500 mg.; menthol in a unit dose amount of from about 30 mg. to about 1500 mg., wherein the menthol is included in a stabilized menthol composition comprising menthol and at least one menthol stabilizer compound including undecylenic acid methyl ester, undecylenic acid or a salt of undecylenic acid; and benzocaine in a unit dose amount of from about 30 mg. to about 1500 mg., wherein the total amount of menthol and benzocaine does not exceed about 20 wt % and the suppository includes less than 0.3% THC, the method comprising administering the therapeutic suppository into a rectal cavity of the non-human mammal. 18. The method of claim 17, further including a disintegrant in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 30 wt %. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the benzocaine is in an amount of from about 0.05 wt % to about 20 wt %. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the full spectrum hemp oil is in a unit dose amount of full spectrum hemp oil from about 100 mg. to about 1500 mg., the benzocaine is in a unit dose amount of from about 800 mg. to about 1100 mg and the menthol is in a unit dose amount of from about 800 mg. to about 1100 mg. | 2,600 |
349,138 | 16,806,706 | 2,632 | A system includes a robot having a module that includes a function for mapping natural language commands of varying complexities to reward functions at different levels of abstraction within a hierarchical planning framework, the function including using a deep neural network language model that learns how to map the natural language commands to reward functions at an appropriate level of the hierarchical planning framework. | 1. A system comprising:
a robot comprising a module to interpret natural language commands, the module comprising a function for mapping natural language commands of varying complexities to reward functions at different levels of abstraction within a hierarchical planning framework, the function comprising: a deep neural network language model that learns how to map the natural language commands to reward functions at an appropriate level of the hierarchical planning framework. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the Abstract Markov Decision Process comprises:
a set of states that define an environment specified in an object-oriented fashion with object classes and attributes;
a set of actions an agent can execute to transition between states or to invoke a lower-level AMDP subtask;
a transition probability distribution over all possible next states given a current state and executed action;
a numerical reward earned for a particular transition;
a discount factor or effective time horizon under consideration; and
a state projection function that maps lower-level states to higher-level (AMDP) states. 3. A system comprising:
a robot comprising a module comprising a function for mapping natural language commands of varying complexities to reward functions at different levels of abstraction within a hierarchical planning framework, the function using a deep neural network language model that learns how to map the natural language commands to reward functions at an appropriate level of the hierarchical planning framework. 4. The system of claim 3 wherein the function further comprises an Abstract Markov Decision Process to represent a decision-making problem involving a hierarchy of the robot's states and actions. 5. The system of claim 4 wherein the Abstract Markov Decision Process comprises:
a set of states that define an environment specified in an object-oriented fashion with object classes and attributes;
a set of actions an agent can execute to transition between states or to invoke a lower-level AMDP subtask;
a transition probability distribution over all possible next states given a current state and executed action;
a numerical reward earned for a particular transition;
a discount factor or effective time horizon under consideration; and
a state projection function that maps lower-level states to higher-level (AMDP) states. 6. A method comprising:
providing a mobile-manipulator robot; and providing a module that interprets and grounds natural language commands to a mobile-manipulator robot at multiple levels of abstraction, the module comprising a deep neural network language model that learns how to map the natural language commands to reward functions at an appropriate level of a hierarchical planning framework. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein the function further comprises an Abstract Markov Decision Process to represent a decision-making problem involving a hierarchy of the robot's states and actions. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein the Abstract Markov Decision Process comprises:
a set of states that define an environment specified in an object-oriented fashion with object classes and attributes;
a set of actions an agent can execute to transition between states or to invoke a lower-level AMDP subtask;
a transition probability distribution over all possible next states given a current state and executed action;
a numerical reward earned for a particular transition;
a discount factor or effective time horizon under consideration; and
a state projection function that maps lower-level states to higher-level (AMDP) states. | A system includes a robot having a module that includes a function for mapping natural language commands of varying complexities to reward functions at different levels of abstraction within a hierarchical planning framework, the function including using a deep neural network language model that learns how to map the natural language commands to reward functions at an appropriate level of the hierarchical planning framework.1. A system comprising:
a robot comprising a module to interpret natural language commands, the module comprising a function for mapping natural language commands of varying complexities to reward functions at different levels of abstraction within a hierarchical planning framework, the function comprising: a deep neural network language model that learns how to map the natural language commands to reward functions at an appropriate level of the hierarchical planning framework. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the Abstract Markov Decision Process comprises:
a set of states that define an environment specified in an object-oriented fashion with object classes and attributes;
a set of actions an agent can execute to transition between states or to invoke a lower-level AMDP subtask;
a transition probability distribution over all possible next states given a current state and executed action;
a numerical reward earned for a particular transition;
a discount factor or effective time horizon under consideration; and
a state projection function that maps lower-level states to higher-level (AMDP) states. 3. A system comprising:
a robot comprising a module comprising a function for mapping natural language commands of varying complexities to reward functions at different levels of abstraction within a hierarchical planning framework, the function using a deep neural network language model that learns how to map the natural language commands to reward functions at an appropriate level of the hierarchical planning framework. 4. The system of claim 3 wherein the function further comprises an Abstract Markov Decision Process to represent a decision-making problem involving a hierarchy of the robot's states and actions. 5. The system of claim 4 wherein the Abstract Markov Decision Process comprises:
a set of states that define an environment specified in an object-oriented fashion with object classes and attributes;
a set of actions an agent can execute to transition between states or to invoke a lower-level AMDP subtask;
a transition probability distribution over all possible next states given a current state and executed action;
a numerical reward earned for a particular transition;
a discount factor or effective time horizon under consideration; and
a state projection function that maps lower-level states to higher-level (AMDP) states. 6. A method comprising:
providing a mobile-manipulator robot; and providing a module that interprets and grounds natural language commands to a mobile-manipulator robot at multiple levels of abstraction, the module comprising a deep neural network language model that learns how to map the natural language commands to reward functions at an appropriate level of a hierarchical planning framework. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein the function further comprises an Abstract Markov Decision Process to represent a decision-making problem involving a hierarchy of the robot's states and actions. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein the Abstract Markov Decision Process comprises:
a set of states that define an environment specified in an object-oriented fashion with object classes and attributes;
a set of actions an agent can execute to transition between states or to invoke a lower-level AMDP subtask;
a transition probability distribution over all possible next states given a current state and executed action;
a numerical reward earned for a particular transition;
a discount factor or effective time horizon under consideration; and
a state projection function that maps lower-level states to higher-level (AMDP) states. | 2,600 |
349,139 | 16,806,695 | 2,632 | Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture to monitor a media presentation are disclosed. An example method includes in response to receipt of a media identifier, extracting, by executing an instruction with a processor, a timestamp from the received media identifier. A time of receipt of the media identifier is determined. A difference between the time of receipt of the media identifier and the timestamp from the received media identifier is determined. A time shifted viewing code is calculated based on the difference The time shifted viewing code is transmitted to a media monitor that transmitted the media identifier, the time shifted viewing code to be reported when the media monitor reports monitoring information. | 1. (canceled) 2. An apparatus comprising:
a metadata retriever to:
gather metadata associated with a media presentation on a media device;
gather a media identifier corresponding to the media presentation;
a time shifted viewing code retriever to transmit a request for a time shifted viewing code from a server of a central facility, the request including the media identifier, the time shifted viewing code determined based on a time of receipt of the request for the time shifted viewing code and a timestamp of the media presentation; and a network communicator to transmit a monitoring message to a database proprietor, monitoring message including the time shifted viewing code, the metadata, and the media identifier, the monitoring message enabling the database proprietor to provide demographic information associated a user of the media device to the central facility. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the metadata includes at least one of a platform identifier, a device type information, an operating system (OS) version information, placement identifier, or country code. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the metadata retriever is to store the gathered metadata and media identifier in a buffer, and further including:
a metadata processor to:
analyze the buffer to determine whether a media segment is complete;
in response to determining the media segment is complete:
construct the monitoring message, the monitoring message including information associated with the media segment; and
clear the buffer. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the metadata processor is to determine whether the media segment is complete based a presence of a quantity of media identifiers corresponding to a segment length, the quantity of media identifiers including the media identifier. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, further including a configuration retriever to retrieve configuration parameters from the central facility, the configuration parameters including the segment length. 7. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the media identifier includes the timestamp and a station identifier. 8. The apparatus of claim 2, further including a metadata processor to determine a segment code, the segment code including a segment pattern corresponding to periods when the media presentation was presented on the media device, the monitoring message including the segment code. 9. An apparatus comprising:
means for gathering to:
gather metadata associated with a media presentation on a media device;
gather a media identifier corresponding to the media presentation;
means for time shifted viewing code retrieving to transmit a request for a time shifted viewing code from a server of a central facility, the request including the media identifier, the time shifted viewing code determined based on a time of receipt of the request for the time shifted viewing code and a timestamp of the media presentation; and means for communicating to transmit a monitoring message to a database proprietor, monitoring message including the time shifted viewing code, the metadata and the media identifier, the monitoring message enabling the database proprietor to provide demographic information associated a user of the media device to the central facility. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the metadata includes at least one of a platform identifier, a device type information, an operating system (OS) version information, placement identifier, or country code. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the means for gathering is to store the gathered metadata and media identifier in a buffer, and further including:
means for metadata processing to:
analyze the buffer to determine whether a media segment is complete;
in response to determining the media segment is complete:
construct the monitoring message, the monitoring message including information associated with the media segment; and
clear the buffer. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the means for metadata processing is to determine whether the media segment is complete based a presence of a quantity of media identifiers corresponding to a segment length, the quantity of media identifiers including the media identifier. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, further including a means for configuration parameter retrieving to retrieve configuration parameters from the central facility, the configuration parameters including the segment length. 14. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the media identifier includes the timestamp and a station identifier. 15. The apparatus of claim 9, further including means for metadata processing to determine a segment code, the segment code including a segment pattern corresponding to periods when the media presentation was presented on the media device, the monitoring message including the segment code. 16. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions, which when executed, cause a processor to:
gather metadata associated with a media presentation on a media device; gather a media identifier corresponding to the media presentation; transmit a request for a time shifted viewing code from a server of a central facility, the request including the media identifier, the time shifted viewing code determined based on a time of receipt of the request for the time shifted viewing code and a timestamp of the media presentation; and transmit a monitoring message to a database proprietor, monitoring message including the time shifted viewing code, the metadata and the media identifier, the monitoring message enabling the database proprietor to provide demographic information associated a user of the media device to the central facility. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the metadata includes at least one of a platform identifier, a device type information, an operating system (OS) version information, placement identifier, or country code. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to:
store the gathered metadata and media identifier in a buffer; analyze the buffer to determine whether a media segment is complete; in response to determining the media segment is complete:
construct the monitoring message, the monitoring message including information associated with the media segment; and
clear the buffer. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the determination of whether the media segment is complete is based a presence of a quantity of media identifiers corresponding to a segment length, the quantity of media identifiers including the media identifier. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 19, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to retrieve configuration parameters from the central facility, the configuration parameters including the segment length. 21. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to determine a segment code, the segment code including a segment pattern corresponding to periods when the media presentation was presented on the media device, the monitoring message including the segment code. | Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture to monitor a media presentation are disclosed. An example method includes in response to receipt of a media identifier, extracting, by executing an instruction with a processor, a timestamp from the received media identifier. A time of receipt of the media identifier is determined. A difference between the time of receipt of the media identifier and the timestamp from the received media identifier is determined. A time shifted viewing code is calculated based on the difference The time shifted viewing code is transmitted to a media monitor that transmitted the media identifier, the time shifted viewing code to be reported when the media monitor reports monitoring information.1. (canceled) 2. An apparatus comprising:
a metadata retriever to:
gather metadata associated with a media presentation on a media device;
gather a media identifier corresponding to the media presentation;
a time shifted viewing code retriever to transmit a request for a time shifted viewing code from a server of a central facility, the request including the media identifier, the time shifted viewing code determined based on a time of receipt of the request for the time shifted viewing code and a timestamp of the media presentation; and a network communicator to transmit a monitoring message to a database proprietor, monitoring message including the time shifted viewing code, the metadata, and the media identifier, the monitoring message enabling the database proprietor to provide demographic information associated a user of the media device to the central facility. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the metadata includes at least one of a platform identifier, a device type information, an operating system (OS) version information, placement identifier, or country code. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the metadata retriever is to store the gathered metadata and media identifier in a buffer, and further including:
a metadata processor to:
analyze the buffer to determine whether a media segment is complete;
in response to determining the media segment is complete:
construct the monitoring message, the monitoring message including information associated with the media segment; and
clear the buffer. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the metadata processor is to determine whether the media segment is complete based a presence of a quantity of media identifiers corresponding to a segment length, the quantity of media identifiers including the media identifier. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, further including a configuration retriever to retrieve configuration parameters from the central facility, the configuration parameters including the segment length. 7. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the media identifier includes the timestamp and a station identifier. 8. The apparatus of claim 2, further including a metadata processor to determine a segment code, the segment code including a segment pattern corresponding to periods when the media presentation was presented on the media device, the monitoring message including the segment code. 9. An apparatus comprising:
means for gathering to:
gather metadata associated with a media presentation on a media device;
gather a media identifier corresponding to the media presentation;
means for time shifted viewing code retrieving to transmit a request for a time shifted viewing code from a server of a central facility, the request including the media identifier, the time shifted viewing code determined based on a time of receipt of the request for the time shifted viewing code and a timestamp of the media presentation; and means for communicating to transmit a monitoring message to a database proprietor, monitoring message including the time shifted viewing code, the metadata and the media identifier, the monitoring message enabling the database proprietor to provide demographic information associated a user of the media device to the central facility. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the metadata includes at least one of a platform identifier, a device type information, an operating system (OS) version information, placement identifier, or country code. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the means for gathering is to store the gathered metadata and media identifier in a buffer, and further including:
means for metadata processing to:
analyze the buffer to determine whether a media segment is complete;
in response to determining the media segment is complete:
construct the monitoring message, the monitoring message including information associated with the media segment; and
clear the buffer. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the means for metadata processing is to determine whether the media segment is complete based a presence of a quantity of media identifiers corresponding to a segment length, the quantity of media identifiers including the media identifier. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, further including a means for configuration parameter retrieving to retrieve configuration parameters from the central facility, the configuration parameters including the segment length. 14. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the media identifier includes the timestamp and a station identifier. 15. The apparatus of claim 9, further including means for metadata processing to determine a segment code, the segment code including a segment pattern corresponding to periods when the media presentation was presented on the media device, the monitoring message including the segment code. 16. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions, which when executed, cause a processor to:
gather metadata associated with a media presentation on a media device; gather a media identifier corresponding to the media presentation; transmit a request for a time shifted viewing code from a server of a central facility, the request including the media identifier, the time shifted viewing code determined based on a time of receipt of the request for the time shifted viewing code and a timestamp of the media presentation; and transmit a monitoring message to a database proprietor, monitoring message including the time shifted viewing code, the metadata and the media identifier, the monitoring message enabling the database proprietor to provide demographic information associated a user of the media device to the central facility. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the metadata includes at least one of a platform identifier, a device type information, an operating system (OS) version information, placement identifier, or country code. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to:
store the gathered metadata and media identifier in a buffer; analyze the buffer to determine whether a media segment is complete; in response to determining the media segment is complete:
construct the monitoring message, the monitoring message including information associated with the media segment; and
clear the buffer. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the determination of whether the media segment is complete is based a presence of a quantity of media identifiers corresponding to a segment length, the quantity of media identifiers including the media identifier. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 19, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to retrieve configuration parameters from the central facility, the configuration parameters including the segment length. 21. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to determine a segment code, the segment code including a segment pattern corresponding to periods when the media presentation was presented on the media device, the monitoring message including the segment code. | 2,600 |
349,140 | 16,806,696 | 2,632 | A dispatch database maintains, for a plurality of vehicles available for dispatch, vehicle data and constraints data. A processor is programmed to execute a dispatch server to perform operations including to receive a dispatch request requesting a vehicle to arrive at a request location, utilize a machine-learning model to identify one or more of the plurality of vehicles to respond to the dispatch request, the machine-learning model utilizing the vehicle data and the constraints data as inputs to determine the one or more of the plurality of vehicles, and inform the one or more of the plurality of vehicles of the dispatch request. | 1. A system for use of machine learning for dispatch of mobile aid and service, comprising:
a dispatch database maintaining, for a plurality of vehicles available for dispatch, vehicle data and constraints data; and a processor programmed to execute a dispatch server to perform operations including to:
receive a dispatch request requesting a vehicle to arrive at a request location,
utilize a machine-learning model to identify one or more of the plurality of vehicles to respond to the dispatch request, the machine-learning model utilizing the vehicle data and the constraints data as inputs to determine the one or more of the plurality of vehicles, and
inform the one or more of the plurality of vehicles of the dispatch request. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further programmed to:
receive a result indicative of which one of the one or more of the plurality of vehicles actually performed the dispatch request; and update training of the machine-learning model using the vehicle data, the constraints data, and the result to improve the machine-learning model in learning for the dispatch of mobile aid and service. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further programmed to:
utilize the machine-learning model to identify a destination, from a plurality of destinations, for the dispatch request, the machine-learning model utilizing data including desired capabilities of the plurality of destinations, availability of the plurality of destinations, and distances to the plurality of destinations; and inform the one of the plurality of vehicles of the destination. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the processor is further programmed to:
receive a result indicative of whether a correct destination location was chosen; and update training of the machine-learning model using the vehicle data, the constraints data, and the result to improve the machine-learning model in learning for the dispatch of mobile aid and service. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the request location is a dynamic location specified as an identifier of a vehicle or mobile device, where the processor is further programmed to track the dynamic location according to the identifier. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further programmed to:
receive historical constraints data and historical vehicle data from the plurality of vehicles; receive historical dispatch requests during a period of time for which historical vehicle data and historical constraints data is available; and train the machine-learning model in dispatch of the plurality of vehicles using the historical vehicle data, historical constraints data, and historical dispatch requests provided as inputs to the machine-learning model, and an indication of which of the plurality of vehicles was dispatched for the historical dispatch requests as ground truth for intended output of the machine-learning model. 7. A method for use of machine learning for dispatch of mobile aid and service, comprising:
maintaining, for a plurality of vehicles available for dispatch, vehicle data and constraints data; receiving a dispatch request requesting a vehicle to arrive at a request location; utilizing a machine-learning model to identify one or more of the plurality of vehicles to respond to the dispatch request, the machine-learning model utilizing the vehicle data and the constraints data as inputs to determine the one or more of the plurality of vehicles; and informing the one or more of the plurality of vehicles of the dispatch request. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
receiving a result indicative of which one of the one or more of the plurality of vehicles actually performed the dispatch request; and updating training of the machine-learning model using the vehicle data, the constraints data, and the result to improve the machine-learning model in learning for the dispatch of mobile aid and service. 9. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
utilizing the machine-learning model to identify a destination, from a plurality of destinations, for the dispatch request, the machine-learning model utilizing data including desired capabilities of the plurality of destinations, availability of the plurality of destinations, and distances to the plurality of destinations; and informing the one of the plurality of vehicles of the destination. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving a result indicative of whether a correct destination location was chosen; and updating training of the machine-learning model using the vehicle data, the constraints data, and the result to improve the machine-learning model in learning for the dispatch of mobile aid and service. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the request location is a dynamic location specified as an identifier of a vehicle or mobile device, further comprising tracking the dynamic location according to the identifier. 12. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
receiving historical constraints data and historical vehicle data from the plurality of vehicles; receiving historical dispatch requests during a period of time for which historical vehicle data and historical constraints data is available; and training the machine-learning model in dispatch of the plurality of vehicles using the historical vehicle data, historical constraints data, and historical dispatch requests provided as inputs to the machine-learning model, and an indication of which of the plurality of vehicles was dispatched for the historical dispatch requests as ground truth for intended output of the machine-learning model. 13. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions for use of machine learning for dispatch of mobile aid and service that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to:
maintain, for a plurality of vehicles available for dispatch, vehicle data and constraints data; receive a dispatch request requesting a vehicle to arrive at a request location; utilize a machine-learning model to identify one or more of the plurality of vehicles to respond to the dispatch request, the machine-learning model utilizing the vehicle data and the constraints data as inputs to determine the one or more of the plurality of vehicles; and inform the one or more of the plurality of vehicles of the dispatch request. 14. The medium of claim 13, further comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
receive a result indicative of which one of the one or more of the plurality of vehicles actually performed the dispatch request; and update training of the machine-learning model using the vehicle data, the constraints data, and the result to improve the machine-learning model in learning for the dispatch of mobile aid and service. 15. The medium of claim 13, further comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
utilize the machine-learning model to identify a destination, from a plurality of destinations, for the dispatch request, the machine-learning model utilizing data including desired capabilities of the plurality of destinations, availability of the plurality of destinations, and distances to the plurality of destinations; and inform the one of the plurality of vehicles of the destination. 16. The medium of claim 15, further comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
receive a result indicative of whether a correct destination location was chosen; and update training of the machine-learning model using the vehicle data, the constraints data, and the result to improve the machine-learning model in learning for the dispatch of mobile aid and service. 17. The medium of claim 13, wherein the request location is a dynamic location specified as an identifier of a vehicle or mobile device, and further comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to track the dynamic location according to the identifier. 18. The medium of claim 13, further comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
receive historical constraints data and historical vehicle data from the plurality of vehicles; receive historical dispatch requests during a period of time for which historical vehicle data and historical constraints data is available; and train the machine-learning model in dispatch of the plurality of vehicles using the historical vehicle data, historical constraints data, and historical dispatch requests provided as inputs to the machine-learning model, and an indication of which of the plurality of vehicles was dispatched for the historical dispatch requests as ground truth for intended output of the machine-learning model. | A dispatch database maintains, for a plurality of vehicles available for dispatch, vehicle data and constraints data. A processor is programmed to execute a dispatch server to perform operations including to receive a dispatch request requesting a vehicle to arrive at a request location, utilize a machine-learning model to identify one or more of the plurality of vehicles to respond to the dispatch request, the machine-learning model utilizing the vehicle data and the constraints data as inputs to determine the one or more of the plurality of vehicles, and inform the one or more of the plurality of vehicles of the dispatch request.1. A system for use of machine learning for dispatch of mobile aid and service, comprising:
a dispatch database maintaining, for a plurality of vehicles available for dispatch, vehicle data and constraints data; and a processor programmed to execute a dispatch server to perform operations including to:
receive a dispatch request requesting a vehicle to arrive at a request location,
utilize a machine-learning model to identify one or more of the plurality of vehicles to respond to the dispatch request, the machine-learning model utilizing the vehicle data and the constraints data as inputs to determine the one or more of the plurality of vehicles, and
inform the one or more of the plurality of vehicles of the dispatch request. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further programmed to:
receive a result indicative of which one of the one or more of the plurality of vehicles actually performed the dispatch request; and update training of the machine-learning model using the vehicle data, the constraints data, and the result to improve the machine-learning model in learning for the dispatch of mobile aid and service. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further programmed to:
utilize the machine-learning model to identify a destination, from a plurality of destinations, for the dispatch request, the machine-learning model utilizing data including desired capabilities of the plurality of destinations, availability of the plurality of destinations, and distances to the plurality of destinations; and inform the one of the plurality of vehicles of the destination. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the processor is further programmed to:
receive a result indicative of whether a correct destination location was chosen; and update training of the machine-learning model using the vehicle data, the constraints data, and the result to improve the machine-learning model in learning for the dispatch of mobile aid and service. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the request location is a dynamic location specified as an identifier of a vehicle or mobile device, where the processor is further programmed to track the dynamic location according to the identifier. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further programmed to:
receive historical constraints data and historical vehicle data from the plurality of vehicles; receive historical dispatch requests during a period of time for which historical vehicle data and historical constraints data is available; and train the machine-learning model in dispatch of the plurality of vehicles using the historical vehicle data, historical constraints data, and historical dispatch requests provided as inputs to the machine-learning model, and an indication of which of the plurality of vehicles was dispatched for the historical dispatch requests as ground truth for intended output of the machine-learning model. 7. A method for use of machine learning for dispatch of mobile aid and service, comprising:
maintaining, for a plurality of vehicles available for dispatch, vehicle data and constraints data; receiving a dispatch request requesting a vehicle to arrive at a request location; utilizing a machine-learning model to identify one or more of the plurality of vehicles to respond to the dispatch request, the machine-learning model utilizing the vehicle data and the constraints data as inputs to determine the one or more of the plurality of vehicles; and informing the one or more of the plurality of vehicles of the dispatch request. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
receiving a result indicative of which one of the one or more of the plurality of vehicles actually performed the dispatch request; and updating training of the machine-learning model using the vehicle data, the constraints data, and the result to improve the machine-learning model in learning for the dispatch of mobile aid and service. 9. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
utilizing the machine-learning model to identify a destination, from a plurality of destinations, for the dispatch request, the machine-learning model utilizing data including desired capabilities of the plurality of destinations, availability of the plurality of destinations, and distances to the plurality of destinations; and informing the one of the plurality of vehicles of the destination. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving a result indicative of whether a correct destination location was chosen; and updating training of the machine-learning model using the vehicle data, the constraints data, and the result to improve the machine-learning model in learning for the dispatch of mobile aid and service. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the request location is a dynamic location specified as an identifier of a vehicle or mobile device, further comprising tracking the dynamic location according to the identifier. 12. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
receiving historical constraints data and historical vehicle data from the plurality of vehicles; receiving historical dispatch requests during a period of time for which historical vehicle data and historical constraints data is available; and training the machine-learning model in dispatch of the plurality of vehicles using the historical vehicle data, historical constraints data, and historical dispatch requests provided as inputs to the machine-learning model, and an indication of which of the plurality of vehicles was dispatched for the historical dispatch requests as ground truth for intended output of the machine-learning model. 13. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions for use of machine learning for dispatch of mobile aid and service that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to:
maintain, for a plurality of vehicles available for dispatch, vehicle data and constraints data; receive a dispatch request requesting a vehicle to arrive at a request location; utilize a machine-learning model to identify one or more of the plurality of vehicles to respond to the dispatch request, the machine-learning model utilizing the vehicle data and the constraints data as inputs to determine the one or more of the plurality of vehicles; and inform the one or more of the plurality of vehicles of the dispatch request. 14. The medium of claim 13, further comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
receive a result indicative of which one of the one or more of the plurality of vehicles actually performed the dispatch request; and update training of the machine-learning model using the vehicle data, the constraints data, and the result to improve the machine-learning model in learning for the dispatch of mobile aid and service. 15. The medium of claim 13, further comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
utilize the machine-learning model to identify a destination, from a plurality of destinations, for the dispatch request, the machine-learning model utilizing data including desired capabilities of the plurality of destinations, availability of the plurality of destinations, and distances to the plurality of destinations; and inform the one of the plurality of vehicles of the destination. 16. The medium of claim 15, further comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
receive a result indicative of whether a correct destination location was chosen; and update training of the machine-learning model using the vehicle data, the constraints data, and the result to improve the machine-learning model in learning for the dispatch of mobile aid and service. 17. The medium of claim 13, wherein the request location is a dynamic location specified as an identifier of a vehicle or mobile device, and further comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to track the dynamic location according to the identifier. 18. The medium of claim 13, further comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
receive historical constraints data and historical vehicle data from the plurality of vehicles; receive historical dispatch requests during a period of time for which historical vehicle data and historical constraints data is available; and train the machine-learning model in dispatch of the plurality of vehicles using the historical vehicle data, historical constraints data, and historical dispatch requests provided as inputs to the machine-learning model, and an indication of which of the plurality of vehicles was dispatched for the historical dispatch requests as ground truth for intended output of the machine-learning model. | 2,600 |
349,141 | 16,806,700 | 2,632 | Systems and methods are provided for a brand search ecosystem for brands and branded products, locations, features, and services to enhance search results with real-time content and input on business rules, algorithms, and information from brandholders and provided over various modalities, including phones, TVs, kiosks, and speech recognition. The systems and methods include a brand name database including a plurality of brands and brandholders, bidders, and other content providers associated with respective brands. The search engine receives search requests from users, accesses the brand name database, and provides search results to the users based on a variety of factors, including the identity, search history, membership in a brand's rewards programs, aggregated feedback and ratings of others users, and direct feedback and ratings of the user conducting the search. The systems and methods also enable and process incentives to brands, bidders, content providers, and end users to encourage usage and real-time feedback, ratings, and other information on brands, branded products and services, and specific branded locations to further enhance search results. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A method for enhancing an internet-based search engine including a brand name database containing a plurality of brands owned or controlled by respective brandholders related to content from a plurality of third-party websites and other viewable digital content, and one or more computing systems operably coupled to the database configured to generate search results in response to user search request via a network, the method comprising:
receiving, at the one or more computer systems, brandholder requests from brandholder computing devices via the network to link the brandholders with respective brands in the brand name database; applying business rules of the brand name database using the one or more computer systems to the brandholder requests to link the brandholders with respective brands; receiving, at the one or more computer systems, a request from an authorized bidder computing device via the network to have specific information associated with a brand in the brand name database included search results responsive to brand search requests; receiving a communication from the brandholder linked to the brand, via the one or more computer systems, confirming that the bidder qualifies as an authorized bidder; receiving a communication from the brandholder providing input to the search engine to enhance search results by including all or any portion of the authorized bidder's information with the search results that are then provided to consumer computing devices in response to brand search requests including the brand; receiving a search request from a user computing device, the search request including a brand; and returning search results to the user computing device, the search results being enhanced by the search database. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the input provided by the brandholder comprises providing input in the business rules of the brand name database that affect bidders and their association with respective brands in the brand name database. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the search request, when executed by the search engine, causes the brand name database to further enable the search engine to access and retrieve real-time data from a content provider associated with a third-party web site included in the enhanced search results, wherein the real-time data is included in the search results. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the search results are enhanced solely or partially by or with reference to at least one of input or information either previously provided or provided in real-time from the brandholder. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the brand associated with the search is at least one of a trademark, service mark, trade name, name of an individual or celebrity, organization, state, city, community or other geographic or other location name, fictitious name, product or feature name, pseudo-name, or moniker. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the search results are determined based at least in part on one or more of: the business rules of the brand name database; identification of a platform through which the search request was submitted; search terms included in the search request; a time of day when the search request was submitted; historically tracked searches and clicks of users submitting the search request; immediate past searches and clicks of the user submitting the search request; whether the search request is a local search; contextual information related to the search request; the current or intended location of the user; history of the user submitting the search request; qualifications of the user submitting the search request to receive loyalty incentives provided by the brandholder; and the nature of the content related to the search request. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein the search results are determined based at least in part on the business rules of the brand name database that are based at least in part on one or more of: feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from users; feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from brandholders; previous feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from bidders; and feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from the user. 28. The method of claim 21, wherein one or more keyword triggers in the brand name database are configurable by at least one of the brandholder, bidders, or content providers to influence responsive search results returned to a user making a search request comprising search terms and the one or more keyword triggers. 29. The method of claim 21, wherein the business rules of the brand name database include limiting access such that the brandholder or a third-party web site authorized by the brandholder contains crawlable data or data accessible in real-time, and further, wherein access to the crawlable data or the data accessible in real-time is limited only to authorized third parties seeking to access the crawlable data or the data accessible in real-time, based upon rules and settings as determined by the brandholder. 30. The method of claim 21, wherein the search results are determined, in real-time, based at least in part by a modality on a device used to submit the search request, the device comprising at least one of a phone; a TV; an internet device; a kiosk; a device used in connection with commercial transportation; and a device using speech recognition. 31. The method of claim 21, wherein user input of search terms in the search request is derived from speech recognition. 32. The method of claim 21, wherein incentives, including at least one of rebates, points, coupons, discounts specials and other incentives related to the brand, branded products, or locations responsive to search requests are offered to users of the brand name database to promote or reward at least one of usage, specific user actions, feedback, ratings, or other input from users of the search engine related to the brands, branded products, and locations. 33. A system for enhancing an internet-based search engine configured to generate search results in response to user search request, comprising:
a brand name database containing a plurality of brands owned or controlled by respective brandholders related to content from a plurality of third-party websites and other viewable digital content; a computing system operably coupled to the database having a processor and non-transitory computer readable medium with instructions that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to: receive, at the one or more computer systems, brandholder requests from brandholder computing devices via the network to link the brandholders with respective brands in the brand name database; apply business rules of the brand name database using the one or more computer systems to the brandholder requests to link the brandholders with respective brands; receive, at the one or more computer systems, a request from an authorized bidder computing device via the network to have specific information associated with a brand in the brand name database included search results responsive to brand search requests; receive a communication from the brandholder linked to the brand, via the one or more computer systems, confirming that the bidder qualifies as an authorized bidder; receive a communication from the brandholder providing input to the search engine to enhance search results by including all or any portion of the authorized bidder's information with the search results that are then provided to consumer computing devices in response to brand search requests including the brand; receive a search request from a user computing device, the search request including a brand; and return search results to the user computing device, the search results being enhanced by the search database limiting or establishing an order of items included in the returned search results. 34. The system of claim 33, wherein the search request, when executed by the search engine, causes the brand name database to further enable the search engine to access and retrieve real-time data from a content provider associated with a third-party web site included in the enhanced search results, wherein the real-time data is included in the search results. 35. The system of claim 33, wherein the computing system is configured to enhance the search results solely or partially by or with reference to at least one of input or information either previously provided or provided in real-time from the brandholder. 36. The system of claim 33, wherein the computing system is configured to determine the search results based at least in part on one or more of: the business rules of the brand name database; identification of a platform through which the search request was submitted; search terms included in the search request; a time of day when the search request was submitted; historically tracked searches and clicks of users submitting the search request; immediate past searches and clicks of the user submitting the search request; whether the search request is a local search; contextual information related to the search request; the current or intended location of the user; history of the user submitting the search request; qualifications of the user submitting the search request to receive loyalty incentives provided by the brandholder; and the nature of the content related to the search request. 37. The system of claim 33, wherein the computing system is configured to determine the search results based at least in part on the business rules of the brand name database that are based at least in part on one or more of: feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from users; feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from brandholders; previous feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from bidders; and feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from the user. 38. The system of claim 33, wherein the computing system is configured to determine the search results, in real-time, based at least in part by a modality on a device used to submit the search request, the device comprising at least one of a phone; a TV; an internet device; a kiosk; a device used in connection with commercial transportation; and a device using speech recognition. 39. The system of claim 33, wherein user input of search terms in the search request is derived from speech recognition. 40. The system of claim 33, wherein the computing system is configured to offer incentives, including at least one of rebates, points, coupons, discounts specials and other incentives related to the brand, branded products, or locations responsive to search requests, to users of the brand name database to promote or reward at least one of usage, specific user actions, feedback, ratings, or other input from users of the search engine related to the brands, branded products, and locations. | Systems and methods are provided for a brand search ecosystem for brands and branded products, locations, features, and services to enhance search results with real-time content and input on business rules, algorithms, and information from brandholders and provided over various modalities, including phones, TVs, kiosks, and speech recognition. The systems and methods include a brand name database including a plurality of brands and brandholders, bidders, and other content providers associated with respective brands. The search engine receives search requests from users, accesses the brand name database, and provides search results to the users based on a variety of factors, including the identity, search history, membership in a brand's rewards programs, aggregated feedback and ratings of others users, and direct feedback and ratings of the user conducting the search. The systems and methods also enable and process incentives to brands, bidders, content providers, and end users to encourage usage and real-time feedback, ratings, and other information on brands, branded products and services, and specific branded locations to further enhance search results.1-20. (canceled) 21. A method for enhancing an internet-based search engine including a brand name database containing a plurality of brands owned or controlled by respective brandholders related to content from a plurality of third-party websites and other viewable digital content, and one or more computing systems operably coupled to the database configured to generate search results in response to user search request via a network, the method comprising:
receiving, at the one or more computer systems, brandholder requests from brandholder computing devices via the network to link the brandholders with respective brands in the brand name database; applying business rules of the brand name database using the one or more computer systems to the brandholder requests to link the brandholders with respective brands; receiving, at the one or more computer systems, a request from an authorized bidder computing device via the network to have specific information associated with a brand in the brand name database included search results responsive to brand search requests; receiving a communication from the brandholder linked to the brand, via the one or more computer systems, confirming that the bidder qualifies as an authorized bidder; receiving a communication from the brandholder providing input to the search engine to enhance search results by including all or any portion of the authorized bidder's information with the search results that are then provided to consumer computing devices in response to brand search requests including the brand; receiving a search request from a user computing device, the search request including a brand; and returning search results to the user computing device, the search results being enhanced by the search database. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the input provided by the brandholder comprises providing input in the business rules of the brand name database that affect bidders and their association with respective brands in the brand name database. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the search request, when executed by the search engine, causes the brand name database to further enable the search engine to access and retrieve real-time data from a content provider associated with a third-party web site included in the enhanced search results, wherein the real-time data is included in the search results. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the search results are enhanced solely or partially by or with reference to at least one of input or information either previously provided or provided in real-time from the brandholder. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the brand associated with the search is at least one of a trademark, service mark, trade name, name of an individual or celebrity, organization, state, city, community or other geographic or other location name, fictitious name, product or feature name, pseudo-name, or moniker. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the search results are determined based at least in part on one or more of: the business rules of the brand name database; identification of a platform through which the search request was submitted; search terms included in the search request; a time of day when the search request was submitted; historically tracked searches and clicks of users submitting the search request; immediate past searches and clicks of the user submitting the search request; whether the search request is a local search; contextual information related to the search request; the current or intended location of the user; history of the user submitting the search request; qualifications of the user submitting the search request to receive loyalty incentives provided by the brandholder; and the nature of the content related to the search request. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein the search results are determined based at least in part on the business rules of the brand name database that are based at least in part on one or more of: feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from users; feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from brandholders; previous feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from bidders; and feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from the user. 28. The method of claim 21, wherein one or more keyword triggers in the brand name database are configurable by at least one of the brandholder, bidders, or content providers to influence responsive search results returned to a user making a search request comprising search terms and the one or more keyword triggers. 29. The method of claim 21, wherein the business rules of the brand name database include limiting access such that the brandholder or a third-party web site authorized by the brandholder contains crawlable data or data accessible in real-time, and further, wherein access to the crawlable data or the data accessible in real-time is limited only to authorized third parties seeking to access the crawlable data or the data accessible in real-time, based upon rules and settings as determined by the brandholder. 30. The method of claim 21, wherein the search results are determined, in real-time, based at least in part by a modality on a device used to submit the search request, the device comprising at least one of a phone; a TV; an internet device; a kiosk; a device used in connection with commercial transportation; and a device using speech recognition. 31. The method of claim 21, wherein user input of search terms in the search request is derived from speech recognition. 32. The method of claim 21, wherein incentives, including at least one of rebates, points, coupons, discounts specials and other incentives related to the brand, branded products, or locations responsive to search requests are offered to users of the brand name database to promote or reward at least one of usage, specific user actions, feedback, ratings, or other input from users of the search engine related to the brands, branded products, and locations. 33. A system for enhancing an internet-based search engine configured to generate search results in response to user search request, comprising:
a brand name database containing a plurality of brands owned or controlled by respective brandholders related to content from a plurality of third-party websites and other viewable digital content; a computing system operably coupled to the database having a processor and non-transitory computer readable medium with instructions that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to: receive, at the one or more computer systems, brandholder requests from brandholder computing devices via the network to link the brandholders with respective brands in the brand name database; apply business rules of the brand name database using the one or more computer systems to the brandholder requests to link the brandholders with respective brands; receive, at the one or more computer systems, a request from an authorized bidder computing device via the network to have specific information associated with a brand in the brand name database included search results responsive to brand search requests; receive a communication from the brandholder linked to the brand, via the one or more computer systems, confirming that the bidder qualifies as an authorized bidder; receive a communication from the brandholder providing input to the search engine to enhance search results by including all or any portion of the authorized bidder's information with the search results that are then provided to consumer computing devices in response to brand search requests including the brand; receive a search request from a user computing device, the search request including a brand; and return search results to the user computing device, the search results being enhanced by the search database limiting or establishing an order of items included in the returned search results. 34. The system of claim 33, wherein the search request, when executed by the search engine, causes the brand name database to further enable the search engine to access and retrieve real-time data from a content provider associated with a third-party web site included in the enhanced search results, wherein the real-time data is included in the search results. 35. The system of claim 33, wherein the computing system is configured to enhance the search results solely or partially by or with reference to at least one of input or information either previously provided or provided in real-time from the brandholder. 36. The system of claim 33, wherein the computing system is configured to determine the search results based at least in part on one or more of: the business rules of the brand name database; identification of a platform through which the search request was submitted; search terms included in the search request; a time of day when the search request was submitted; historically tracked searches and clicks of users submitting the search request; immediate past searches and clicks of the user submitting the search request; whether the search request is a local search; contextual information related to the search request; the current or intended location of the user; history of the user submitting the search request; qualifications of the user submitting the search request to receive loyalty incentives provided by the brandholder; and the nature of the content related to the search request. 37. The system of claim 33, wherein the computing system is configured to determine the search results based at least in part on the business rules of the brand name database that are based at least in part on one or more of: feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from users; feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from brandholders; previous feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from bidders; and feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from the user. 38. The system of claim 33, wherein the computing system is configured to determine the search results, in real-time, based at least in part by a modality on a device used to submit the search request, the device comprising at least one of a phone; a TV; an internet device; a kiosk; a device used in connection with commercial transportation; and a device using speech recognition. 39. The system of claim 33, wherein user input of search terms in the search request is derived from speech recognition. 40. The system of claim 33, wherein the computing system is configured to offer incentives, including at least one of rebates, points, coupons, discounts specials and other incentives related to the brand, branded products, or locations responsive to search requests, to users of the brand name database to promote or reward at least one of usage, specific user actions, feedback, ratings, or other input from users of the search engine related to the brands, branded products, and locations. | 2,600 |
349,142 | 16,806,678 | 2,632 | Systems and methods are provided for a brand search ecosystem for brands and branded products, locations, features, and services to enhance search results with real-time content and input on business rules, algorithms, and information from brandholders and provided over various modalities, including phones, TVs, kiosks, and speech recognition. The systems and methods include a brand name database including a plurality of brands and brandholders, bidders, and other content providers associated with respective brands. The search engine receives search requests from users, accesses the brand name database, and provides search results to the users based on a variety of factors, including the identity, search history, membership in a brand's rewards programs, aggregated feedback and ratings of others users, and direct feedback and ratings of the user conducting the search. The systems and methods also enable and process incentives to brands, bidders, content providers, and end users to encourage usage and real-time feedback, ratings, and other information on brands, branded products and services, and specific branded locations to further enhance search results. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A method for enhancing an internet-based search engine including a brand name database containing a plurality of brands owned or controlled by respective brandholders related to content from a plurality of third-party websites and other viewable digital content, and one or more computing systems operably coupled to the database configured to generate search results in response to user search request via a network, the method comprising:
receiving, at the one or more computer systems, brandholder requests from brandholder computing devices via the network to link the brandholders with respective brands in the brand name database; applying business rules of the brand name database using the one or more computer systems to the brandholder requests to link the brandholders with respective brands; receiving, at the one or more computer systems, a request from an authorized bidder computing device via the network to have specific information associated with a brand in the brand name database included search results responsive to brand search requests; receiving a communication from the brandholder linked to the brand, via the one or more computer systems, confirming that the bidder qualifies as an authorized bidder; receiving a communication from the brandholder providing input to the search engine to enhance search results by including all or any portion of the authorized bidder's information with the search results that are then provided to consumer computing devices in response to brand search requests including the brand; receiving a search request from a user computing device, the search request including a brand; and returning search results to the user computing device, the search results being enhanced by the search database. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the input provided by the brandholder comprises providing input in the business rules of the brand name database that affect bidders and their association with respective brands in the brand name database. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the search request, when executed by the search engine, causes the brand name database to further enable the search engine to access and retrieve real-time data from a content provider associated with a third-party web site included in the enhanced search results, wherein the real-time data is included in the search results. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the search results are enhanced solely or partially by or with reference to at least one of input or information either previously provided or provided in real-time from the brandholder. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the brand associated with the search is at least one of a trademark, service mark, trade name, name of an individual or celebrity, organization, state, city, community or other geographic or other location name, fictitious name, product or feature name, pseudo-name, or moniker. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the search results are determined based at least in part on one or more of: the business rules of the brand name database; identification of a platform through which the search request was submitted; search terms included in the search request; a time of day when the search request was submitted; historically tracked searches and clicks of users submitting the search request; immediate past searches and clicks of the user submitting the search request; whether the search request is a local search; contextual information related to the search request; the current or intended location of the user; history of the user submitting the search request; qualifications of the user submitting the search request to receive loyalty incentives provided by the brandholder; and the nature of the content related to the search request. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein the search results are determined based at least in part on the business rules of the brand name database that are based at least in part on one or more of: feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from users; feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from brandholders; previous feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from bidders; and feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from the user. 28. The method of claim 21, wherein one or more keyword triggers in the brand name database are configurable by at least one of the brandholder, bidders, or content providers to influence responsive search results returned to a user making a search request comprising search terms and the one or more keyword triggers. 29. The method of claim 21, wherein the business rules of the brand name database include limiting access such that the brandholder or a third-party web site authorized by the brandholder contains crawlable data or data accessible in real-time, and further, wherein access to the crawlable data or the data accessible in real-time is limited only to authorized third parties seeking to access the crawlable data or the data accessible in real-time, based upon rules and settings as determined by the brandholder. 30. The method of claim 21, wherein the search results are determined, in real-time, based at least in part by a modality on a device used to submit the search request, the device comprising at least one of a phone; a TV; an internet device; a kiosk; a device used in connection with commercial transportation; and a device using speech recognition. 31. The method of claim 21, wherein user input of search terms in the search request is derived from speech recognition. 32. The method of claim 21, wherein incentives, including at least one of rebates, points, coupons, discounts specials and other incentives related to the brand, branded products, or locations responsive to search requests are offered to users of the brand name database to promote or reward at least one of usage, specific user actions, feedback, ratings, or other input from users of the search engine related to the brands, branded products, and locations. 33. A system for enhancing an internet-based search engine configured to generate search results in response to user search request, comprising:
a brand name database containing a plurality of brands owned or controlled by respective brandholders related to content from a plurality of third-party websites and other viewable digital content; a computing system operably coupled to the database having a processor and non-transitory computer readable medium with instructions that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to: receive, at the one or more computer systems, brandholder requests from brandholder computing devices via the network to link the brandholders with respective brands in the brand name database; apply business rules of the brand name database using the one or more computer systems to the brandholder requests to link the brandholders with respective brands; receive, at the one or more computer systems, a request from an authorized bidder computing device via the network to have specific information associated with a brand in the brand name database included search results responsive to brand search requests; receive a communication from the brandholder linked to the brand, via the one or more computer systems, confirming that the bidder qualifies as an authorized bidder; receive a communication from the brandholder providing input to the search engine to enhance search results by including all or any portion of the authorized bidder's information with the search results that are then provided to consumer computing devices in response to brand search requests including the brand; receive a search request from a user computing device, the search request including a brand; and return search results to the user computing device, the search results being enhanced by the search database limiting or establishing an order of items included in the returned search results. 34. The system of claim 33, wherein the search request, when executed by the search engine, causes the brand name database to further enable the search engine to access and retrieve real-time data from a content provider associated with a third-party web site included in the enhanced search results, wherein the real-time data is included in the search results. 35. The system of claim 33, wherein the computing system is configured to enhance the search results solely or partially by or with reference to at least one of input or information either previously provided or provided in real-time from the brandholder. 36. The system of claim 33, wherein the computing system is configured to determine the search results based at least in part on one or more of: the business rules of the brand name database; identification of a platform through which the search request was submitted; search terms included in the search request; a time of day when the search request was submitted; historically tracked searches and clicks of users submitting the search request; immediate past searches and clicks of the user submitting the search request; whether the search request is a local search; contextual information related to the search request; the current or intended location of the user; history of the user submitting the search request; qualifications of the user submitting the search request to receive loyalty incentives provided by the brandholder; and the nature of the content related to the search request. 37. The system of claim 33, wherein the computing system is configured to determine the search results based at least in part on the business rules of the brand name database that are based at least in part on one or more of: feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from users; feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from brandholders; previous feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from bidders; and feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from the user. 38. The system of claim 33, wherein the computing system is configured to determine the search results, in real-time, based at least in part by a modality on a device used to submit the search request, the device comprising at least one of a phone; a TV; an internet device; a kiosk; a device used in connection with commercial transportation; and a device using speech recognition. 39. The system of claim 33, wherein user input of search terms in the search request is derived from speech recognition. 40. The system of claim 33, wherein the computing system is configured to offer incentives, including at least one of rebates, points, coupons, discounts specials and other incentives related to the brand, branded products, or locations responsive to search requests, to users of the brand name database to promote or reward at least one of usage, specific user actions, feedback, ratings, or other input from users of the search engine related to the brands, branded products, and locations. | Systems and methods are provided for a brand search ecosystem for brands and branded products, locations, features, and services to enhance search results with real-time content and input on business rules, algorithms, and information from brandholders and provided over various modalities, including phones, TVs, kiosks, and speech recognition. The systems and methods include a brand name database including a plurality of brands and brandholders, bidders, and other content providers associated with respective brands. The search engine receives search requests from users, accesses the brand name database, and provides search results to the users based on a variety of factors, including the identity, search history, membership in a brand's rewards programs, aggregated feedback and ratings of others users, and direct feedback and ratings of the user conducting the search. The systems and methods also enable and process incentives to brands, bidders, content providers, and end users to encourage usage and real-time feedback, ratings, and other information on brands, branded products and services, and specific branded locations to further enhance search results.1-20. (canceled) 21. A method for enhancing an internet-based search engine including a brand name database containing a plurality of brands owned or controlled by respective brandholders related to content from a plurality of third-party websites and other viewable digital content, and one or more computing systems operably coupled to the database configured to generate search results in response to user search request via a network, the method comprising:
receiving, at the one or more computer systems, brandholder requests from brandholder computing devices via the network to link the brandholders with respective brands in the brand name database; applying business rules of the brand name database using the one or more computer systems to the brandholder requests to link the brandholders with respective brands; receiving, at the one or more computer systems, a request from an authorized bidder computing device via the network to have specific information associated with a brand in the brand name database included search results responsive to brand search requests; receiving a communication from the brandholder linked to the brand, via the one or more computer systems, confirming that the bidder qualifies as an authorized bidder; receiving a communication from the brandholder providing input to the search engine to enhance search results by including all or any portion of the authorized bidder's information with the search results that are then provided to consumer computing devices in response to brand search requests including the brand; receiving a search request from a user computing device, the search request including a brand; and returning search results to the user computing device, the search results being enhanced by the search database. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the input provided by the brandholder comprises providing input in the business rules of the brand name database that affect bidders and their association with respective brands in the brand name database. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the search request, when executed by the search engine, causes the brand name database to further enable the search engine to access and retrieve real-time data from a content provider associated with a third-party web site included in the enhanced search results, wherein the real-time data is included in the search results. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the search results are enhanced solely or partially by or with reference to at least one of input or information either previously provided or provided in real-time from the brandholder. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the brand associated with the search is at least one of a trademark, service mark, trade name, name of an individual or celebrity, organization, state, city, community or other geographic or other location name, fictitious name, product or feature name, pseudo-name, or moniker. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the search results are determined based at least in part on one or more of: the business rules of the brand name database; identification of a platform through which the search request was submitted; search terms included in the search request; a time of day when the search request was submitted; historically tracked searches and clicks of users submitting the search request; immediate past searches and clicks of the user submitting the search request; whether the search request is a local search; contextual information related to the search request; the current or intended location of the user; history of the user submitting the search request; qualifications of the user submitting the search request to receive loyalty incentives provided by the brandholder; and the nature of the content related to the search request. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein the search results are determined based at least in part on the business rules of the brand name database that are based at least in part on one or more of: feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from users; feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from brandholders; previous feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from bidders; and feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from the user. 28. The method of claim 21, wherein one or more keyword triggers in the brand name database are configurable by at least one of the brandholder, bidders, or content providers to influence responsive search results returned to a user making a search request comprising search terms and the one or more keyword triggers. 29. The method of claim 21, wherein the business rules of the brand name database include limiting access such that the brandholder or a third-party web site authorized by the brandholder contains crawlable data or data accessible in real-time, and further, wherein access to the crawlable data or the data accessible in real-time is limited only to authorized third parties seeking to access the crawlable data or the data accessible in real-time, based upon rules and settings as determined by the brandholder. 30. The method of claim 21, wherein the search results are determined, in real-time, based at least in part by a modality on a device used to submit the search request, the device comprising at least one of a phone; a TV; an internet device; a kiosk; a device used in connection with commercial transportation; and a device using speech recognition. 31. The method of claim 21, wherein user input of search terms in the search request is derived from speech recognition. 32. The method of claim 21, wherein incentives, including at least one of rebates, points, coupons, discounts specials and other incentives related to the brand, branded products, or locations responsive to search requests are offered to users of the brand name database to promote or reward at least one of usage, specific user actions, feedback, ratings, or other input from users of the search engine related to the brands, branded products, and locations. 33. A system for enhancing an internet-based search engine configured to generate search results in response to user search request, comprising:
a brand name database containing a plurality of brands owned or controlled by respective brandholders related to content from a plurality of third-party websites and other viewable digital content; a computing system operably coupled to the database having a processor and non-transitory computer readable medium with instructions that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to: receive, at the one or more computer systems, brandholder requests from brandholder computing devices via the network to link the brandholders with respective brands in the brand name database; apply business rules of the brand name database using the one or more computer systems to the brandholder requests to link the brandholders with respective brands; receive, at the one or more computer systems, a request from an authorized bidder computing device via the network to have specific information associated with a brand in the brand name database included search results responsive to brand search requests; receive a communication from the brandholder linked to the brand, via the one or more computer systems, confirming that the bidder qualifies as an authorized bidder; receive a communication from the brandholder providing input to the search engine to enhance search results by including all or any portion of the authorized bidder's information with the search results that are then provided to consumer computing devices in response to brand search requests including the brand; receive a search request from a user computing device, the search request including a brand; and return search results to the user computing device, the search results being enhanced by the search database limiting or establishing an order of items included in the returned search results. 34. The system of claim 33, wherein the search request, when executed by the search engine, causes the brand name database to further enable the search engine to access and retrieve real-time data from a content provider associated with a third-party web site included in the enhanced search results, wherein the real-time data is included in the search results. 35. The system of claim 33, wherein the computing system is configured to enhance the search results solely or partially by or with reference to at least one of input or information either previously provided or provided in real-time from the brandholder. 36. The system of claim 33, wherein the computing system is configured to determine the search results based at least in part on one or more of: the business rules of the brand name database; identification of a platform through which the search request was submitted; search terms included in the search request; a time of day when the search request was submitted; historically tracked searches and clicks of users submitting the search request; immediate past searches and clicks of the user submitting the search request; whether the search request is a local search; contextual information related to the search request; the current or intended location of the user; history of the user submitting the search request; qualifications of the user submitting the search request to receive loyalty incentives provided by the brandholder; and the nature of the content related to the search request. 37. The system of claim 33, wherein the computing system is configured to determine the search results based at least in part on the business rules of the brand name database that are based at least in part on one or more of: feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from users; feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from brandholders; previous feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from bidders; and feedback, ratings, and input on brands, branded products, and locations from the user. 38. The system of claim 33, wherein the computing system is configured to determine the search results, in real-time, based at least in part by a modality on a device used to submit the search request, the device comprising at least one of a phone; a TV; an internet device; a kiosk; a device used in connection with commercial transportation; and a device using speech recognition. 39. The system of claim 33, wherein user input of search terms in the search request is derived from speech recognition. 40. The system of claim 33, wherein the computing system is configured to offer incentives, including at least one of rebates, points, coupons, discounts specials and other incentives related to the brand, branded products, or locations responsive to search requests, to users of the brand name database to promote or reward at least one of usage, specific user actions, feedback, ratings, or other input from users of the search engine related to the brands, branded products, and locations. | 2,600 |
349,143 | 16,806,677 | 2,632 | A system for noninvasively determining at least one physiological characteristic of a patient may include at least one computer system configured to, using a three-dimensional surface mesh model created using patient-specific imaging data, create a three-dimensional combined surface and volume mesh model, including at least a first model portion that has a different spatial resolution than at least a second model portion. The computer system may be further configured to input the three-dimensional surface and volume mesh model into a fluid simulation system and determine a measurement of the physiological characteristic, using the fluid simulation system. | 1-36. (canceled) 37. A system for noninvasively determining patient-specific treatment options, the system comprising:
at least one computer system configured to, using a hardware processor of the at least one computer system:
obtaining and preprocessing patient-specific anatomical data;
creating a three-dimensional model of a patient's anatomy based on the patient-specific anatomical data;
determining one or more boundary conditions of the three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy;
preparing the three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy by trimming the three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy and incorporating the one or more boundary conditions;
processing the prepared three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy by converting at least a surface representation of the three-dimensional model into a mesh discretizing a surface or volume of the three-dimensional model;
determining blood flow information for the patient by analyzing the processed three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy; and
determining the patient-specific treatment options based on the determined blood flow information. 38. The system of claim 37, wherein the patient-specific anatomical data includes at least a portion of the aorta and a proximal portion of main coronary arteries. 39. The system of claim 37, wherein the one or more boundary conditions provide information about the three-dimensional model at inflow boundaries, outflow boundaries, or vessel wall boundaries. 40. The system of claim 39, wherein the inflow boundaries are assigned with a prescribed value for velocity, flow rate, or pressure. 41. The system of claim 40, wherein the prescribed value is determined by noninvasively measuring physiologic characteristics of the patient. 42. The system of claim 37, wherein the prepared three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy is a surface mesh model of one or more patient-specific physiologic parameters. 43. The system of claim 42, wherein the one or more patient-specific physiologic parameters include blood pressure, patient height, patient weight, or myocardial mass. 44. The system of claim 38, wherein the patient-specific treatment options include placing a coronary stent in one of the main coronary arteries represented in the three-dimensional model. 45. A method for noninvasively determining patient-specific treatment options using a computer system, the method comprising:
obtaining and preprocessing patient-specific anatomical data; creating a three-dimensional model of a patient's anatomy based on the patient-specific anatomical data; determining one or more boundary conditions of the three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy; preparing the three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy by trimming the three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy and incorporating the one or more boundary conditions; processing the prepared three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy by converting at least a surface representation of the three-dimensional model into a mesh discretizing a surface or volume of the three-dimensional model; determining blood flow information for the patient by analyzing the processed three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy; and determining the patient-specific treatment options based on the determined blood flow information. 46. The method of claim 45, wherein the patient-specific anatomical data includes at least a portion of the aorta and a proximal portion of main coronary arteries. 47. The method of claim 45, wherein the one or more boundary conditions provide information about the three-dimensional model at inflow boundaries, outflow boundaries, or vessel wall boundaries. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the inflow boundaries are assigned with a prescribed value for velocity, flow rate, or pressure. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein the prescribed value is determined by noninvasively measuring physiologic characteristics of the patient. 50. The method of claim 45, wherein the prepared three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy is a surface mesh model of one or more patient-specific physiologic parameters. 51. The method of claim 50, wherein the one or more patient-specific physiologic parameters include blood pressure, patient height, patient weight, or myocardial mass. 52. The method of claim 46, wherein the patient-specific treatment options include placing a coronary stent in one of the main coronary arteries represented in the three-dimensional model. 53. A non-transitory computer readable medium for use on at least one computer system containing computer-executable programming instructions for performing a method for noninvasively determining patient-specific treatment options, the method comprising:
obtaining and preprocessing patient-specific anatomical data; creating a three-dimensional model of a patient's anatomy based on the patient-specific anatomical data; determining one or more boundary conditions of the three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy; preparing the three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy by trimming the three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy and incorporating the one or more boundary conditions; processing the prepared three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy by converting at least a surface representation of the three-dimensional model into a mesh discretizing a surface or volume of the three-dimensional model; determining blood flow information for the patient by analyzing the processed three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy; and determining the patient-specific treatment options based on the determined blood flow information. 54. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 53, wherein the patient-specific anatomical data includes at least a portion of the aorta and a proximal portion of main coronary arteries. 55. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 53, wherein the one or more boundary conditions provide information about the three-dimensional model at inflow boundaries, outflow boundaries, or vessel wall boundaries. 56. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 55, wherein the inflow boundaries are assigned with a prescribed value for velocity, flow rate, or pressure. | A system for noninvasively determining at least one physiological characteristic of a patient may include at least one computer system configured to, using a three-dimensional surface mesh model created using patient-specific imaging data, create a three-dimensional combined surface and volume mesh model, including at least a first model portion that has a different spatial resolution than at least a second model portion. The computer system may be further configured to input the three-dimensional surface and volume mesh model into a fluid simulation system and determine a measurement of the physiological characteristic, using the fluid simulation system.1-36. (canceled) 37. A system for noninvasively determining patient-specific treatment options, the system comprising:
at least one computer system configured to, using a hardware processor of the at least one computer system:
obtaining and preprocessing patient-specific anatomical data;
creating a three-dimensional model of a patient's anatomy based on the patient-specific anatomical data;
determining one or more boundary conditions of the three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy;
preparing the three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy by trimming the three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy and incorporating the one or more boundary conditions;
processing the prepared three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy by converting at least a surface representation of the three-dimensional model into a mesh discretizing a surface or volume of the three-dimensional model;
determining blood flow information for the patient by analyzing the processed three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy; and
determining the patient-specific treatment options based on the determined blood flow information. 38. The system of claim 37, wherein the patient-specific anatomical data includes at least a portion of the aorta and a proximal portion of main coronary arteries. 39. The system of claim 37, wherein the one or more boundary conditions provide information about the three-dimensional model at inflow boundaries, outflow boundaries, or vessel wall boundaries. 40. The system of claim 39, wherein the inflow boundaries are assigned with a prescribed value for velocity, flow rate, or pressure. 41. The system of claim 40, wherein the prescribed value is determined by noninvasively measuring physiologic characteristics of the patient. 42. The system of claim 37, wherein the prepared three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy is a surface mesh model of one or more patient-specific physiologic parameters. 43. The system of claim 42, wherein the one or more patient-specific physiologic parameters include blood pressure, patient height, patient weight, or myocardial mass. 44. The system of claim 38, wherein the patient-specific treatment options include placing a coronary stent in one of the main coronary arteries represented in the three-dimensional model. 45. A method for noninvasively determining patient-specific treatment options using a computer system, the method comprising:
obtaining and preprocessing patient-specific anatomical data; creating a three-dimensional model of a patient's anatomy based on the patient-specific anatomical data; determining one or more boundary conditions of the three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy; preparing the three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy by trimming the three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy and incorporating the one or more boundary conditions; processing the prepared three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy by converting at least a surface representation of the three-dimensional model into a mesh discretizing a surface or volume of the three-dimensional model; determining blood flow information for the patient by analyzing the processed three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy; and determining the patient-specific treatment options based on the determined blood flow information. 46. The method of claim 45, wherein the patient-specific anatomical data includes at least a portion of the aorta and a proximal portion of main coronary arteries. 47. The method of claim 45, wherein the one or more boundary conditions provide information about the three-dimensional model at inflow boundaries, outflow boundaries, or vessel wall boundaries. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the inflow boundaries are assigned with a prescribed value for velocity, flow rate, or pressure. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein the prescribed value is determined by noninvasively measuring physiologic characteristics of the patient. 50. The method of claim 45, wherein the prepared three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy is a surface mesh model of one or more patient-specific physiologic parameters. 51. The method of claim 50, wherein the one or more patient-specific physiologic parameters include blood pressure, patient height, patient weight, or myocardial mass. 52. The method of claim 46, wherein the patient-specific treatment options include placing a coronary stent in one of the main coronary arteries represented in the three-dimensional model. 53. A non-transitory computer readable medium for use on at least one computer system containing computer-executable programming instructions for performing a method for noninvasively determining patient-specific treatment options, the method comprising:
obtaining and preprocessing patient-specific anatomical data; creating a three-dimensional model of a patient's anatomy based on the patient-specific anatomical data; determining one or more boundary conditions of the three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy; preparing the three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy by trimming the three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy and incorporating the one or more boundary conditions; processing the prepared three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy by converting at least a surface representation of the three-dimensional model into a mesh discretizing a surface or volume of the three-dimensional model; determining blood flow information for the patient by analyzing the processed three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy; and determining the patient-specific treatment options based on the determined blood flow information. 54. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 53, wherein the patient-specific anatomical data includes at least a portion of the aorta and a proximal portion of main coronary arteries. 55. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 53, wherein the one or more boundary conditions provide information about the three-dimensional model at inflow boundaries, outflow boundaries, or vessel wall boundaries. 56. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 55, wherein the inflow boundaries are assigned with a prescribed value for velocity, flow rate, or pressure. | 2,600 |
349,144 | 16,806,694 | 2,632 | The present invention provides an aqueous ophthalmic solution comprising an effective amount of ketorolac which comprises carboxymethyl cellulose in an aqueous solution wherein said concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose is selected to provide an increased absorption of ketorolac in the eye of a patient that is at least 130% greater than the absorption of a comparative aqueous ketorolac ophthalmic solution having the same concentration of ketorolac. | 1. A method for treating ocular pain and inflammation in a patient comprising administering a formulation to the patient comprising about 0.45% w/v ketorolac tromethamine and about 0.5% w/v carboxymethyl cellulose. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the twice daily topical administration of the first composition to an eye increases the bioavailability of ketorolac in the eye relative to the twice daily topical administration of a second composition to an eye comprising about 0.5% (w/v) ketorolac tromethamine and no carboxymethyl cellulose. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the first composition comprises 0.45% w/v ketorolac tromethamine. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the first composition comprises at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, sodium citrate dihydrate, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid and water. 5. The method of claim 4 further comprising 0.5% w/v carboxymethyl cellulose comprised of 0.325% w/v medium viscosity carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.175% w/v high viscosity carboxymethyl cellulose. 6. The method of claim 2 wherein the first composition increases bioavailability of the ketorolac in the eye relative to a second composition by up to about 78%. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the first composition reduces ocular pain and inflammation following cataract surgery. 8. The method of claim 2 wherein the first composition reduces ocular pain and inflammation following cataract surgery to a greater extent than the second composition. 9. A method for treating ocular pain and inflammation in a patient comprising administering a formulation to the patient comprising about 0.45% w/v ketorolac tromethamine and about 0.5% w/v carboxymethyl cellulose, wherein the twice daily topical administration of the first composition to the eye increases bioavailability of ketorolac in the eye relative to the twice daily topical administration of a second composition comprising about 0.4% w/v ketorolac tromethamine and no carboxymethyl cellulose. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein the first composition increases bioavailability of ketorolac in the eye relative to the second composition by up to about 185%. 11. The method of claim 9 wherein the first composition comprises 0.45% w/v ketorolac tromethamine. 12. The method of claim 9 wherein the first composition comprises 0.5% w/v carboxymethyl cellulose. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein the first composition is used for treating pain and inflammation following cataract surgery. 14. The method of claim 12 wherein the 0.5% w/v carboxymethyl cellulose is comprised of 0.325% w/v medium viscosity carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.175% w/v carboxymethyl cellulose. 15. The method of claim 9 wherein the first composition further comprises sodium citrate dihydrate. 16. The method of claim 11 wherein the first composition reduces ocular pain and inflammation following cataract surgery to a greater extent than the second composition. 17. The method of claim 9 wherein the first composition reduces ocular pain and inflammation and results in less hyperemia than the second composition despite having a higher concentration of ketorolac. 18. The method of claim 9 wherein the first composition reduces ocular pain and inflammation and results in less ocular burning and stinging than the second composition. 19. A method for treating ocular pain and inflammation in a patient suffering therefrom comprising 0.45% w/v ketorolac tromethamine and 0.5% w/v carboxymethyl cellulose, wherein the twice daily topical administration of the first composition to an eye increases the bioavailability of the ketorolac in the eye relative to the four times daily topical administration of a second composition to an eye comprising about 0.4% (w/v) ketorolac tromethamine and no carboxymethyl cellulose. 20. The method of claim 19 wherein administering the first composition twice a day to an eye of a patient increases the bioavailability of ketorolac in the eye by up to about two times greater relative to the second composition administered to an eye of a patient four times a day. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein the first composition reduces ocular pain and inflammation with less ocular irritation as compared to the second composition. 22. The method of claim 19, wherein the first composition reduces ocular pain and inflammation and results in less hyperemia than the second composition. 23. The method of claim 19, wherein the first composition reduces ocular pain and inflammation and results in less ocular burning and stinging than the second composition. 24. The method of claim 19 wherein the 0.5% w/v carboxymethyl cellulose is comprised of 0.325% w/v medium viscosity carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.175% w/v carboxymethyl cellulose. 25. A method for treating ocular pain and inflammation in a patient suffering therefrom comprising 0.45% w/v ketorolac tromethamine, 0.5% w/v carboxy methyl cellulose, 0.7% w/v sodium chloride, 0.2% sodium citrate dihydrate and water. 26. The method of claim 25 wherein the pH of the composition is about 6.8. 27. The method of claim 25 wherein the 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose is comprised of 0.325% w/v medium viscosity carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.175% w/v high viscosity carboxymethyl cellulose. 28. The method of claim 25 comprising sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. 29. The method of claim 25 wherein the composition is used for treating ocular pain and inflammation following cataract surgery. | The present invention provides an aqueous ophthalmic solution comprising an effective amount of ketorolac which comprises carboxymethyl cellulose in an aqueous solution wherein said concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose is selected to provide an increased absorption of ketorolac in the eye of a patient that is at least 130% greater than the absorption of a comparative aqueous ketorolac ophthalmic solution having the same concentration of ketorolac.1. A method for treating ocular pain and inflammation in a patient comprising administering a formulation to the patient comprising about 0.45% w/v ketorolac tromethamine and about 0.5% w/v carboxymethyl cellulose. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the twice daily topical administration of the first composition to an eye increases the bioavailability of ketorolac in the eye relative to the twice daily topical administration of a second composition to an eye comprising about 0.5% (w/v) ketorolac tromethamine and no carboxymethyl cellulose. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the first composition comprises 0.45% w/v ketorolac tromethamine. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the first composition comprises at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, sodium citrate dihydrate, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid and water. 5. The method of claim 4 further comprising 0.5% w/v carboxymethyl cellulose comprised of 0.325% w/v medium viscosity carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.175% w/v high viscosity carboxymethyl cellulose. 6. The method of claim 2 wherein the first composition increases bioavailability of the ketorolac in the eye relative to a second composition by up to about 78%. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the first composition reduces ocular pain and inflammation following cataract surgery. 8. The method of claim 2 wherein the first composition reduces ocular pain and inflammation following cataract surgery to a greater extent than the second composition. 9. A method for treating ocular pain and inflammation in a patient comprising administering a formulation to the patient comprising about 0.45% w/v ketorolac tromethamine and about 0.5% w/v carboxymethyl cellulose, wherein the twice daily topical administration of the first composition to the eye increases bioavailability of ketorolac in the eye relative to the twice daily topical administration of a second composition comprising about 0.4% w/v ketorolac tromethamine and no carboxymethyl cellulose. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein the first composition increases bioavailability of ketorolac in the eye relative to the second composition by up to about 185%. 11. The method of claim 9 wherein the first composition comprises 0.45% w/v ketorolac tromethamine. 12. The method of claim 9 wherein the first composition comprises 0.5% w/v carboxymethyl cellulose. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein the first composition is used for treating pain and inflammation following cataract surgery. 14. The method of claim 12 wherein the 0.5% w/v carboxymethyl cellulose is comprised of 0.325% w/v medium viscosity carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.175% w/v carboxymethyl cellulose. 15. The method of claim 9 wherein the first composition further comprises sodium citrate dihydrate. 16. The method of claim 11 wherein the first composition reduces ocular pain and inflammation following cataract surgery to a greater extent than the second composition. 17. The method of claim 9 wherein the first composition reduces ocular pain and inflammation and results in less hyperemia than the second composition despite having a higher concentration of ketorolac. 18. The method of claim 9 wherein the first composition reduces ocular pain and inflammation and results in less ocular burning and stinging than the second composition. 19. A method for treating ocular pain and inflammation in a patient suffering therefrom comprising 0.45% w/v ketorolac tromethamine and 0.5% w/v carboxymethyl cellulose, wherein the twice daily topical administration of the first composition to an eye increases the bioavailability of the ketorolac in the eye relative to the four times daily topical administration of a second composition to an eye comprising about 0.4% (w/v) ketorolac tromethamine and no carboxymethyl cellulose. 20. The method of claim 19 wherein administering the first composition twice a day to an eye of a patient increases the bioavailability of ketorolac in the eye by up to about two times greater relative to the second composition administered to an eye of a patient four times a day. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein the first composition reduces ocular pain and inflammation with less ocular irritation as compared to the second composition. 22. The method of claim 19, wherein the first composition reduces ocular pain and inflammation and results in less hyperemia than the second composition. 23. The method of claim 19, wherein the first composition reduces ocular pain and inflammation and results in less ocular burning and stinging than the second composition. 24. The method of claim 19 wherein the 0.5% w/v carboxymethyl cellulose is comprised of 0.325% w/v medium viscosity carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.175% w/v carboxymethyl cellulose. 25. A method for treating ocular pain and inflammation in a patient suffering therefrom comprising 0.45% w/v ketorolac tromethamine, 0.5% w/v carboxy methyl cellulose, 0.7% w/v sodium chloride, 0.2% sodium citrate dihydrate and water. 26. The method of claim 25 wherein the pH of the composition is about 6.8. 27. The method of claim 25 wherein the 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose is comprised of 0.325% w/v medium viscosity carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.175% w/v high viscosity carboxymethyl cellulose. 28. The method of claim 25 comprising sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. 29. The method of claim 25 wherein the composition is used for treating ocular pain and inflammation following cataract surgery. | 2,600 |
349,145 | 16,806,707 | 2,632 | A method for automatic shopping in a shopping mall, a storage medium, an electronic device, and a device are disclosed. After a consumer selects commodities from an input means, a path along which a moving means needs to travel to pick up the commodities from a shelf is planned on a global map according to first coordinates carried in commodity information, then the moving means is controlled to automatically walk in the shopping mall according to the planned path, the height of lifting means is adjusted according to height values of the corresponding commodities on the shelf, and when the moving means arrives at designated positions on the path, a pickup means on the lifting means picks up the commodities selected by the consumer from the shelf. | 1. A method for automatic shopping in a shopping mall, comprising:
acquiring commodity information of several selected commodities; planning a path based on first coordinates carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities; sending, based on the path, a movement instruction for controlling a moving means to move; sending, based on height values of the several selected commodities on a shelf which are carried in the commodity information of the selected commodities, a lifting instruction for controlling a lifting means to lift; and acquiring position information of the moving means and height information of the lifting means, determining whether the position information corresponds to designated positions on the path and whether the height information corresponds to the corresponding height values, and if yes, sending an automatic pickup command to control a pickup means to pick up the commodities from the shelf. 2. The method for automatic shopping in a shopping mall of claim 1, wherein after the result of determining whether the position information corresponds to designated positions on the path is yes, the method further comprises:
acquiring pose data of the moving means; and sending, based on the acquired pose data of the moving means, an pose adjustment instruction for controlling the moving means to adjust pose. 3. The method for automatic shopping in a shopping mall of claim 1, wherein the planning a path based on first coordinates carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities comprises:
acquiring the first coordinates carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities; generating second coordinates in one-to-one correspondence with the first coordinates based on the first coordinates carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities; acquiring a third coordinate of the moving means at a starting point; and generating the path based on the third coordinate and the second coordinates, the path starting from the third coordinate and passing through all the second coordinates. 4. The method for automatic shopping in a shopping mall of claim 1, wherein before the step of planning a path based on first coordinates carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities is performed, the method further comprises:
calculating a total price of the selected commodities based on unit prices carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities; and sending a payment request matched with the total price, detecting whether the payment is successful, and if yes, performing the step of planning a path based on first coordinates carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities. 5. A computer readable storage medium, having a computer program stored thereon which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform steps of:
acquiring commodity information of several selected commodities; planning a path based on first coordinates carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities; sending, based on the path, a movement instruction for controlling a moving means to move; sending, based on height values of the several selected commodities on a shelf which are carried in the commodity information of the selected commodities, a lifting instruction for controlling a lifting means to lift; and acquiring position information of the moving means and height information of the lifting means, determining whether the position information corresponds to designated positions on the path and whether the height information corresponds to the corresponding height values, and if yes, sending an automatic pickup command to control a pickup means to pick up the commodities from the shelf. 6. The computer readable storage medium of claim 5, wherein after the result of determining whether the position information corresponds to designated positions on the path is yes, the method further comprises:
acquiring pose data of the moving means; and sending, based on the acquired pose data of the moving means, an pose adjustment instruction for controlling the moving means to adjust pose. 7. The computer readable storage medium of claim 5, wherein the planning a path based on first coordinates carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities comprises:
acquiring the first coordinates carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities; generating second coordinates in one-to-one correspondence with the first coordinates based on the first coordinates carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities; acquiring a third coordinate of the moving means at a starting point; and generating the path based on the third coordinate and the second coordinates, the path starting from the third coordinate and passing through all the second coordinates. 8. The computer readable storage medium of claim 5, wherein before the step of planning a path based on first coordinates carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities is performed, the method further comprises:
calculating a total price of the selected commodities based on unit prices carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities; and sending a payment request matched with the total price, detecting whether the payment is successful, and if yes, performing the step of planning a path based on first coordinates carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities. 9. A device for automatic shopping in a shopping mall, comprising:
a mechanical body comprising:
a moving means provided with a movement driving means for driving the moving means to walk,
a lifting means provided with a lift driving means for driving the lifting means to lift, and
a pickup means provided with a pickup driving means for driving the pickup means to operate;
an input means for receiving consumers' selection of commodities; a memory storing one or more computer programs and a global map; and one or more processors for executing the computer programs to:
acquire commodity information of several selected commodities sent by the input means;
plan a path in the global map based on first coordinates carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities;
control, by the processor based on the path, the movement driving means to drive the moving means to move according to the path;
control, by the processor based on height values of the several selected commodities on a shelf which are carried in the commodity information of the selected commodities, the lift driving means to driving the lifting means to lift according to the height values; and
determine, by the processor according to acquired position information of the moving means and height information of the lifting means, whether the position information corresponds to designated positions on the path and whether the height information corresponds to the corresponding height values, and if yes, control the pickup driving means to drive the pickup means to operate to pick up the commodities from the shelf. 10. The device for automatic shopping in a shopping mall of claim 9, wherein the moving means is provided with more than two ranging sensors facing towards one side of the shelf. 11. The device for automatic shopping in a shopping mall of claim 9, wherein the shelf is provided with multiple storage tanks, a front end of each of the storage tanks is provided with a delivery port, and the storage tank is provided with a delivery mechanism for driving commodities in the storage tank to move to the delivery port. 12. The device for automatic shopping in a shopping mall of claim 9, wherein the moving means comprises a chassis and four Mecanum wheels disposed on the chassis. | A method for automatic shopping in a shopping mall, a storage medium, an electronic device, and a device are disclosed. After a consumer selects commodities from an input means, a path along which a moving means needs to travel to pick up the commodities from a shelf is planned on a global map according to first coordinates carried in commodity information, then the moving means is controlled to automatically walk in the shopping mall according to the planned path, the height of lifting means is adjusted according to height values of the corresponding commodities on the shelf, and when the moving means arrives at designated positions on the path, a pickup means on the lifting means picks up the commodities selected by the consumer from the shelf.1. A method for automatic shopping in a shopping mall, comprising:
acquiring commodity information of several selected commodities; planning a path based on first coordinates carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities; sending, based on the path, a movement instruction for controlling a moving means to move; sending, based on height values of the several selected commodities on a shelf which are carried in the commodity information of the selected commodities, a lifting instruction for controlling a lifting means to lift; and acquiring position information of the moving means and height information of the lifting means, determining whether the position information corresponds to designated positions on the path and whether the height information corresponds to the corresponding height values, and if yes, sending an automatic pickup command to control a pickup means to pick up the commodities from the shelf. 2. The method for automatic shopping in a shopping mall of claim 1, wherein after the result of determining whether the position information corresponds to designated positions on the path is yes, the method further comprises:
acquiring pose data of the moving means; and sending, based on the acquired pose data of the moving means, an pose adjustment instruction for controlling the moving means to adjust pose. 3. The method for automatic shopping in a shopping mall of claim 1, wherein the planning a path based on first coordinates carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities comprises:
acquiring the first coordinates carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities; generating second coordinates in one-to-one correspondence with the first coordinates based on the first coordinates carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities; acquiring a third coordinate of the moving means at a starting point; and generating the path based on the third coordinate and the second coordinates, the path starting from the third coordinate and passing through all the second coordinates. 4. The method for automatic shopping in a shopping mall of claim 1, wherein before the step of planning a path based on first coordinates carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities is performed, the method further comprises:
calculating a total price of the selected commodities based on unit prices carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities; and sending a payment request matched with the total price, detecting whether the payment is successful, and if yes, performing the step of planning a path based on first coordinates carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities. 5. A computer readable storage medium, having a computer program stored thereon which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform steps of:
acquiring commodity information of several selected commodities; planning a path based on first coordinates carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities; sending, based on the path, a movement instruction for controlling a moving means to move; sending, based on height values of the several selected commodities on a shelf which are carried in the commodity information of the selected commodities, a lifting instruction for controlling a lifting means to lift; and acquiring position information of the moving means and height information of the lifting means, determining whether the position information corresponds to designated positions on the path and whether the height information corresponds to the corresponding height values, and if yes, sending an automatic pickup command to control a pickup means to pick up the commodities from the shelf. 6. The computer readable storage medium of claim 5, wherein after the result of determining whether the position information corresponds to designated positions on the path is yes, the method further comprises:
acquiring pose data of the moving means; and sending, based on the acquired pose data of the moving means, an pose adjustment instruction for controlling the moving means to adjust pose. 7. The computer readable storage medium of claim 5, wherein the planning a path based on first coordinates carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities comprises:
acquiring the first coordinates carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities; generating second coordinates in one-to-one correspondence with the first coordinates based on the first coordinates carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities; acquiring a third coordinate of the moving means at a starting point; and generating the path based on the third coordinate and the second coordinates, the path starting from the third coordinate and passing through all the second coordinates. 8. The computer readable storage medium of claim 5, wherein before the step of planning a path based on first coordinates carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities is performed, the method further comprises:
calculating a total price of the selected commodities based on unit prices carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities; and sending a payment request matched with the total price, detecting whether the payment is successful, and if yes, performing the step of planning a path based on first coordinates carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities. 9. A device for automatic shopping in a shopping mall, comprising:
a mechanical body comprising:
a moving means provided with a movement driving means for driving the moving means to walk,
a lifting means provided with a lift driving means for driving the lifting means to lift, and
a pickup means provided with a pickup driving means for driving the pickup means to operate;
an input means for receiving consumers' selection of commodities; a memory storing one or more computer programs and a global map; and one or more processors for executing the computer programs to:
acquire commodity information of several selected commodities sent by the input means;
plan a path in the global map based on first coordinates carried in the commodity information of the several selected commodities;
control, by the processor based on the path, the movement driving means to drive the moving means to move according to the path;
control, by the processor based on height values of the several selected commodities on a shelf which are carried in the commodity information of the selected commodities, the lift driving means to driving the lifting means to lift according to the height values; and
determine, by the processor according to acquired position information of the moving means and height information of the lifting means, whether the position information corresponds to designated positions on the path and whether the height information corresponds to the corresponding height values, and if yes, control the pickup driving means to drive the pickup means to operate to pick up the commodities from the shelf. 10. The device for automatic shopping in a shopping mall of claim 9, wherein the moving means is provided with more than two ranging sensors facing towards one side of the shelf. 11. The device for automatic shopping in a shopping mall of claim 9, wherein the shelf is provided with multiple storage tanks, a front end of each of the storage tanks is provided with a delivery port, and the storage tank is provided with a delivery mechanism for driving commodities in the storage tank to move to the delivery port. 12. The device for automatic shopping in a shopping mall of claim 9, wherein the moving means comprises a chassis and four Mecanum wheels disposed on the chassis. | 2,600 |
349,146 | 16,806,691 | 2,872 | Among the various aspects of the present disclosure is the provision of systems and methods of phase-sensitive compressed ultrafast photography. | 1. A phase-sensitive compressed ultrafast photography (pCUP) system for obtaining a series of final recorded images of a subject, comprising:
a dark-field imaging system, the dark-field imaging system comprising:
a laser source configured to illuminate the subject with at least a first laser pulse for an imaging duration; and
a beam block configured to pass laser light scattered by the subject upon illumination by the first laser pulse as a first series of phase images and block laser light not scattered by the subject; and
a compressed ultrafast photography (CUP) system configured to receive the laser light scattered by the subject and passed by the beam block, the CUP system comprising:
a spatial encoding module configured to receive the first series of phase images and to produce a second series of spatially encoded phase images, each spatially encoded phase image of the second series comprising at least a first view including one phase image of the first series superimposed with a pseudo-random binary spatial pattern; and
a streak camera coupled to the spatial encoding module, the streak camera configured to receive the second series of spatially encoded phase images, to deflect each spatially encoded phase image by a temporal deflection distance that varies as a function of time-of-arrival, and to integrate the deflected phase images into a single raw CUP image. 2. The pCUP system of claim 1, wherein the CUP system further comprises:
an optical component configured to divide the laser light scattered by the subject and passed by the beam block into first and second fractions, the first fraction being conveyed to the spatial encoding module; and an additional camera configured to receive the second fraction of the laser light scattered by the subject and passed by the beam block, the second camera configured to temporally integrate the first series of phase images into an additional raw image. 3. The pCUP system of claim 2, wherein the optical component comprises a beam splitter. 4. The pCUP system of claim 1, each spatially encoded phase image of the second series further comprises a second view including the one phase image of the first series superimposed with a complementary pseudo-random binary spatial pattern. 5. The pCUP system of claim 4, wherein the first view and the second view are positioned in spatially separate regions of a field of view of the streak camera. 6. The pCUP system of claim 4, wherein the CUP system further comprises:
at least one optical component configured to transform the first view and/or the second view such that the first view is rotated 180° relative to the second view prior to the streak camera. 7. The pCUP system of claim 4, wherein the spatial encoding module comprises a digital micromirror device comprising an array of micromirrors, each micromirror configured to reflect a portion of the phase images of the first series at a first reflection angle or at a second reflection angle according to the pseudo-random binary spatial pattern. 8. The pCUP system of claim 7, wherein the first view comprises all portions of the phase images of the first series reflected at the first reflection angle and wherein the second view comprises all portions of the phase images of the first series reflected at the second reflection angle. 9. The pCUP system of claim 1, wherein the streak camera comprises an entrance slit configured in a fully open position. 10. The pCUP system of claim 1, wherein the series of final recorded images are obtained with a frame rate of at least 1 trillion frames per second from a single event. 11. A compressed ultrafast photography (CUP) system for imaging a subject, comprising:
an imaging system, the imaging system configured to illuminate the subject with at least a first laser pulse and produce a first series of images of the subject; and a compressed ultrafast photography (CUP) system configured to receive the first series of images of the subject, the CUP system comprising:
a spatial encoding module configured to receive the first series of images and to produce a second series of spatially encoded images, each spatially encoded image of the second series comprising a first view including one image of the first series superimposed with a pseudo-random binary spatial pattern and a second view including the one image of the first series superimposed with a complementary pseudo-random binary spatial pattern;
at least one optical component configured to transform the first view and/or the second view such that the first view is rotated 180° relative to the second view; and
a streak camera coupled to the at least one optical component, the streak camera configured to receive the second series of spatially encoded images with the first view rotated 180° relative to the second view, configured to deflect each spatially encoded image by a temporal deflection distance that varies as a function of time-of-arrival, and to integrate the deflected images into a single raw CUP image. 12. The CUP system of claim 11, wherein the at least one optical component comprises first and second dove prisms. 13. The CUP system of claim 11, wherein the at least one optical component comprises:
a first dove prism configured to receive the first view of the second series of spatially encoded images, flip the first view in an x-direction, and output the flipped first view on a first optical path leading to the streak camera; and a second dove prism configured to receive the second view of the second series of spatially encoded images, flip the second view in an y-direction, and output the flipped second view on a second optical path leading to the streak camera. 14. The CUP system of claim 13, wherein the streak camera has a field of view, wherein the CUP system is configured such that the streak camera receives the flipped first view in a first region of the field of view of the streak camera, wherein the CUP system is configured such that the streak camera receives the flipped second view in a second region of the field of view of the streak camera, and wherein the first and second regions do not spatially overlap. 15. The CUP system of claim 11, wherein the streak camera comprises an entrance slit configured in a fully open position. 16. The CUP system of claim 11 further comprising:
an optical component configured to divide the first series of images of the subject into first and second fractions, the first fraction being conveyed to the spatial encoding module; and
an additional camera configured to receive the second fraction of the first series of images, the second camera configured to temporally integrate the second fraction of the first series of images into an additional raw image. 17. A method of obtaining a series of final recorded phase images of an object using a phase-sensitive compressed-sensing ultrafast photography system, the method comprising:
collecting a first series of phase images of a subject; superimposing a pseudo-random binary spatial pattern onto each phase image of the first series to produce a first view of a second series of spatially encoded images; deflecting each spatially encoded image of the second series by a temporal deflection distance that varies as a function of a time-of-arrival of each spatially encoded image; recording each deflected spatially encoded image as a third series of spatially and temporally encoded phase images; and reconstructing a fourth series of final phase images by processing each spatially and temporally encoded phase image of the third series according to an image reconstruction algorithm. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein collecting the first series of phase images of the subject comprises illuminating the subject with an imaging pulse, collecting light scattered by the subject upon illumination with the imaging pulse, and blocking portions of the imaging pulse not scattered by the subject. 19. The method of claim 17 further comprising superimposing a complementary pseudo-random binary spatial pattern onto each phase image of the first series to produce a second view of the second series of spatially encoded images. 20. The method of claim 19 further comprising:
flipping the first view of the second series of spatially encoded images along a first axis; and
flipping the second view of the second series of spatially encoded images along a second axis, wherein the second axis is perpendicular to the first axis. 21. The method of claim 17 wherein the reconstructed fourth series of final phase images have a framerate of at least one trillion frames per second. | Among the various aspects of the present disclosure is the provision of systems and methods of phase-sensitive compressed ultrafast photography.1. A phase-sensitive compressed ultrafast photography (pCUP) system for obtaining a series of final recorded images of a subject, comprising:
a dark-field imaging system, the dark-field imaging system comprising:
a laser source configured to illuminate the subject with at least a first laser pulse for an imaging duration; and
a beam block configured to pass laser light scattered by the subject upon illumination by the first laser pulse as a first series of phase images and block laser light not scattered by the subject; and
a compressed ultrafast photography (CUP) system configured to receive the laser light scattered by the subject and passed by the beam block, the CUP system comprising:
a spatial encoding module configured to receive the first series of phase images and to produce a second series of spatially encoded phase images, each spatially encoded phase image of the second series comprising at least a first view including one phase image of the first series superimposed with a pseudo-random binary spatial pattern; and
a streak camera coupled to the spatial encoding module, the streak camera configured to receive the second series of spatially encoded phase images, to deflect each spatially encoded phase image by a temporal deflection distance that varies as a function of time-of-arrival, and to integrate the deflected phase images into a single raw CUP image. 2. The pCUP system of claim 1, wherein the CUP system further comprises:
an optical component configured to divide the laser light scattered by the subject and passed by the beam block into first and second fractions, the first fraction being conveyed to the spatial encoding module; and an additional camera configured to receive the second fraction of the laser light scattered by the subject and passed by the beam block, the second camera configured to temporally integrate the first series of phase images into an additional raw image. 3. The pCUP system of claim 2, wherein the optical component comprises a beam splitter. 4. The pCUP system of claim 1, each spatially encoded phase image of the second series further comprises a second view including the one phase image of the first series superimposed with a complementary pseudo-random binary spatial pattern. 5. The pCUP system of claim 4, wherein the first view and the second view are positioned in spatially separate regions of a field of view of the streak camera. 6. The pCUP system of claim 4, wherein the CUP system further comprises:
at least one optical component configured to transform the first view and/or the second view such that the first view is rotated 180° relative to the second view prior to the streak camera. 7. The pCUP system of claim 4, wherein the spatial encoding module comprises a digital micromirror device comprising an array of micromirrors, each micromirror configured to reflect a portion of the phase images of the first series at a first reflection angle or at a second reflection angle according to the pseudo-random binary spatial pattern. 8. The pCUP system of claim 7, wherein the first view comprises all portions of the phase images of the first series reflected at the first reflection angle and wherein the second view comprises all portions of the phase images of the first series reflected at the second reflection angle. 9. The pCUP system of claim 1, wherein the streak camera comprises an entrance slit configured in a fully open position. 10. The pCUP system of claim 1, wherein the series of final recorded images are obtained with a frame rate of at least 1 trillion frames per second from a single event. 11. A compressed ultrafast photography (CUP) system for imaging a subject, comprising:
an imaging system, the imaging system configured to illuminate the subject with at least a first laser pulse and produce a first series of images of the subject; and a compressed ultrafast photography (CUP) system configured to receive the first series of images of the subject, the CUP system comprising:
a spatial encoding module configured to receive the first series of images and to produce a second series of spatially encoded images, each spatially encoded image of the second series comprising a first view including one image of the first series superimposed with a pseudo-random binary spatial pattern and a second view including the one image of the first series superimposed with a complementary pseudo-random binary spatial pattern;
at least one optical component configured to transform the first view and/or the second view such that the first view is rotated 180° relative to the second view; and
a streak camera coupled to the at least one optical component, the streak camera configured to receive the second series of spatially encoded images with the first view rotated 180° relative to the second view, configured to deflect each spatially encoded image by a temporal deflection distance that varies as a function of time-of-arrival, and to integrate the deflected images into a single raw CUP image. 12. The CUP system of claim 11, wherein the at least one optical component comprises first and second dove prisms. 13. The CUP system of claim 11, wherein the at least one optical component comprises:
a first dove prism configured to receive the first view of the second series of spatially encoded images, flip the first view in an x-direction, and output the flipped first view on a first optical path leading to the streak camera; and a second dove prism configured to receive the second view of the second series of spatially encoded images, flip the second view in an y-direction, and output the flipped second view on a second optical path leading to the streak camera. 14. The CUP system of claim 13, wherein the streak camera has a field of view, wherein the CUP system is configured such that the streak camera receives the flipped first view in a first region of the field of view of the streak camera, wherein the CUP system is configured such that the streak camera receives the flipped second view in a second region of the field of view of the streak camera, and wherein the first and second regions do not spatially overlap. 15. The CUP system of claim 11, wherein the streak camera comprises an entrance slit configured in a fully open position. 16. The CUP system of claim 11 further comprising:
an optical component configured to divide the first series of images of the subject into first and second fractions, the first fraction being conveyed to the spatial encoding module; and
an additional camera configured to receive the second fraction of the first series of images, the second camera configured to temporally integrate the second fraction of the first series of images into an additional raw image. 17. A method of obtaining a series of final recorded phase images of an object using a phase-sensitive compressed-sensing ultrafast photography system, the method comprising:
collecting a first series of phase images of a subject; superimposing a pseudo-random binary spatial pattern onto each phase image of the first series to produce a first view of a second series of spatially encoded images; deflecting each spatially encoded image of the second series by a temporal deflection distance that varies as a function of a time-of-arrival of each spatially encoded image; recording each deflected spatially encoded image as a third series of spatially and temporally encoded phase images; and reconstructing a fourth series of final phase images by processing each spatially and temporally encoded phase image of the third series according to an image reconstruction algorithm. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein collecting the first series of phase images of the subject comprises illuminating the subject with an imaging pulse, collecting light scattered by the subject upon illumination with the imaging pulse, and blocking portions of the imaging pulse not scattered by the subject. 19. The method of claim 17 further comprising superimposing a complementary pseudo-random binary spatial pattern onto each phase image of the first series to produce a second view of the second series of spatially encoded images. 20. The method of claim 19 further comprising:
flipping the first view of the second series of spatially encoded images along a first axis; and
flipping the second view of the second series of spatially encoded images along a second axis, wherein the second axis is perpendicular to the first axis. 21. The method of claim 17 wherein the reconstructed fourth series of final phase images have a framerate of at least one trillion frames per second. | 2,800 |
349,147 | 16,806,701 | 2,198 | A control system for controlling an operation of a machine subject to constraints including equality and inequality constraints on state and control variables of the system iteratively solves an optimal control structured optimization problem (OCP), such that each iteration outputs primal variables and dual variables with respect to the equality constraints and dual variables and slack variables with respect to the inequality constraints. For a current iteration, the system classifies each of the inequality constraints as an active, an inactive or an undecided constraint based on a ratio of a slack variable to a dual variable of the corresponding inequality constraint determined by a previous iteration, finds an approximate solution to the set of relaxed optimality conditions subject to the equality constraints and the active and undecided inequality constraints, and update the primal, dual, and slack variables for each of the equality and inequality constraint. | 1. A control system for controlling an operation of a machine subject to constraints including equality and inequality constraints on state and control variables of the system, comprising:
a processor configured to solve an optimal control structured optimization problem (OCP) to produce a control signal for each control step, wherein for each control step, the processor is configured to solve the OCP by iteratively solving a set of relaxed optimality conditions until a termination condition is met, wherein each iteration outputs primal variables and dual variables with respect to the equality constraints and dual variables and slack variables with respect to the inequality constraints, wherein for a current iteration, the processor is configured to:
classify each of the inequality constraints as an active, an inactive or an undecided constraint based on a ratio of a slack variable to a dual variable of the corresponding inequality constraint determined by a previous iteration;
find an approximate solution to the set of relaxed optimality conditions subject to the equality constraints and the active and undecided inequality constraints; and
update the primal, dual, and slack variables for each of the equality and inequality constraint; and
control the system based on the control signal. 2. The control system of claim 1, wherein to find the approximate solution the processor is configured to
solve a linearized Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) system for the primal variables and the dual variables with respect to the equality constraints and the dual variables and slack variables for the active and the undecided inequality constraints subject to a relaxed complementarity constraint for each of the active and the undecided inequality constraints to produce a first Newton-type search direction; update the primal variables and the dual variables with respect to the equality constraints and the dual variables and slack variables for the active and the undecided inequality constraints along the first Newton-type search direction with a first step size satisfying positivity constraints on the dual and the slack variables for each of the active and the undecided inequality constraints; solve the KKT system for the inactive inequality constraints to produce a second Newton-type search direction of the dual and slack variables for the inactive inequality constraints; and update the dual variables and slack variables for the inactive inequality constraints along the second Newton-type search direction with a second step size satisfying positivity constraints on the dual and the slack variables for each of the inactive inequality constraints. 3. The control system of claim 2, wherein the first step size equals the second step size, such that the first and the second step size satisfy the positivity constraints on the dual and the slack variables for each of the inequality constraints. 4. The control system of claim 2, wherein the OCP is formulated as one or combination of optimal control structured quadratic program (OCP-QP), optimal control structured conic program (OCP-CP), and optimal control structured nonlinear program (OCP-NLP), such that a solution of the linearized KKT system matches the formulation of the OCP. 5. The control system of claim 2, wherein the first Newton-type search direction is determined by adding a regularization on one or multiple diagonal elements of the KKT matrix corresponding to the dual variables for the equality constraints and the active inequality constraints. 6. The control system of claim 2, wherein the first Newton-type search direction is determined by adding a regularization on one or multiple diagonal elements of the KKT matrix corresponding to the primal variables. 7. The control system of claim 2, wherein the first Newton-type search direction is determined by a Cholesky factorization of a positive definite KKT matrix for a reduced subsystem of the linearized KKT system for the primal variables. 8. The control system of claim 2, wherein the first Newton-type search direction is determined by a forward or reverse Cholesky factorization update from the previous iteration starting from, respectively, the first or last diagonal element of the KKT matrix updated due to the undecided inequality constraints from the previous iteration to the current iteration. 9. The control system of claim 2, wherein the OCP is a block-structured sparse optimization problem and the first Newton-type search direction is determined by a block-tridiagonal Cholesky factorization of a positive definite KKT matrix for a reduced subsystem of the linearized KKT system for the primal variables. 10. The control system of claim 2, wherein the first Newton-type search direction is determined by a forward or reverse, block-tridiagonal Cholesky factorization update from the previous iteration starting from, respectively, the first or last diagonal block of the sparse KKT matrix updated due to the undecided inequality constraints from the previous iteration to the current iteration. 11. The control system of claim 1, wherein, for a current control step, the classification of the inequality constraints is initialized based on values of primal, dual and slack variables determined for a previous control step. 12. The control system of claim 10, wherein initials values for the slack variables are increased to avoid classification of the inequality constraints as active in the first iteration. 13. The control system of claim 1, wherein the values of primal, dual and slack variables are selected at an intermediate iteration of the OCP solution during the previous control step. 14. The control system of claim 12, wherein the intermediate iteration is selected when one or combination of a norm of residual of the optimality conditions and a value of the barrier parameter at the intermediate iteration is below a predetermined threshold but above a threshold corresponding to the termination condition. 15. The control system of claim 1, wherein one or multiple of the inactive constraints are reclassified as undecided, by increasing values of the dual variables corresponding to one or multiple of the inactive constraints, when a rate of convergence of the iterative solution to the OCP is below a threshold. 16. The control system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to update a barrier parameter towards zero, wherein the barrier parameter defines relaxation of complementarity constraints of the dual and the slack variables for the inequality constraints and corresponding relaxation of the optimality conditions. 17. The control system of claim 1, wherein the termination condition compares a norm of a residual of optimality conditions with a threshold. 18. The control system of claim 1, wherein the machine is a vehicle, a spacecraft, or an air-conditioning system, and wherein the processor is an embedded processor embedded in the machine. 19. A control method for controlling an operation of a machine subject to constraints including equality and inequality constraints on state and control variables of the system, wherein the processor is coupled with stored instructions implementing the method, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor carry out at least some steps of the method, comprising:
solving an optimal control structured optimization problem (OCP) to produce a control signal for each control step, wherein for each control step, the OCP is solved by iteratively solving a set of relaxed optimality conditions until a termination condition is met, wherein each iteration outputs primal variables and dual variables with respect to the equality constraints and dual variables and slack variables with respect to the inequality constraints, wherein for a current iteration, the method comprises:
classifying each of the inequality constraints as an active, an inactive or an undecided constraint based on a ratio of a slack variable to a dual variable of the corresponding inequality constraint determined by a previous iteration;
finding an approximate solution to the set of relaxed optimality conditions subject to the equality constraints and the active and undecided inequality constraints; and
updating the primal, dual, and slack variables for each of the equality and inequality constraint; and
controlling the system based on the control signal. 20. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium embodied thereon a program executable by a processor for performing a method, the method comprising:
solving an optimal control structured optimization problem (OCP) to produce a control signal for each control step, wherein for each control step, the OCP is solved by iteratively solving a set of relaxed optimality conditions until a termination condition is met, wherein each iteration outputs primal variables and dual variables with respect to the equality constraints and dual variables and slack variables with respect to the inequality constraints, wherein for a current iteration, the method comprises:
classifying each of the inequality constraints as an active, an inactive or an undecided constraint based on a ratio of a slack variable to a dual variable of the corresponding inequality constraint determined by a previous iteration;
finding an approximate solution to the set of relaxed optimality conditions subject to the equality constraints and the active and undecided inequality constraints; and
updating the primal, dual, and slack variables for each of the equality and inequality constraint; and
controlling the system based on the control signal. | A control system for controlling an operation of a machine subject to constraints including equality and inequality constraints on state and control variables of the system iteratively solves an optimal control structured optimization problem (OCP), such that each iteration outputs primal variables and dual variables with respect to the equality constraints and dual variables and slack variables with respect to the inequality constraints. For a current iteration, the system classifies each of the inequality constraints as an active, an inactive or an undecided constraint based on a ratio of a slack variable to a dual variable of the corresponding inequality constraint determined by a previous iteration, finds an approximate solution to the set of relaxed optimality conditions subject to the equality constraints and the active and undecided inequality constraints, and update the primal, dual, and slack variables for each of the equality and inequality constraint.1. A control system for controlling an operation of a machine subject to constraints including equality and inequality constraints on state and control variables of the system, comprising:
a processor configured to solve an optimal control structured optimization problem (OCP) to produce a control signal for each control step, wherein for each control step, the processor is configured to solve the OCP by iteratively solving a set of relaxed optimality conditions until a termination condition is met, wherein each iteration outputs primal variables and dual variables with respect to the equality constraints and dual variables and slack variables with respect to the inequality constraints, wherein for a current iteration, the processor is configured to:
classify each of the inequality constraints as an active, an inactive or an undecided constraint based on a ratio of a slack variable to a dual variable of the corresponding inequality constraint determined by a previous iteration;
find an approximate solution to the set of relaxed optimality conditions subject to the equality constraints and the active and undecided inequality constraints; and
update the primal, dual, and slack variables for each of the equality and inequality constraint; and
control the system based on the control signal. 2. The control system of claim 1, wherein to find the approximate solution the processor is configured to
solve a linearized Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) system for the primal variables and the dual variables with respect to the equality constraints and the dual variables and slack variables for the active and the undecided inequality constraints subject to a relaxed complementarity constraint for each of the active and the undecided inequality constraints to produce a first Newton-type search direction; update the primal variables and the dual variables with respect to the equality constraints and the dual variables and slack variables for the active and the undecided inequality constraints along the first Newton-type search direction with a first step size satisfying positivity constraints on the dual and the slack variables for each of the active and the undecided inequality constraints; solve the KKT system for the inactive inequality constraints to produce a second Newton-type search direction of the dual and slack variables for the inactive inequality constraints; and update the dual variables and slack variables for the inactive inequality constraints along the second Newton-type search direction with a second step size satisfying positivity constraints on the dual and the slack variables for each of the inactive inequality constraints. 3. The control system of claim 2, wherein the first step size equals the second step size, such that the first and the second step size satisfy the positivity constraints on the dual and the slack variables for each of the inequality constraints. 4. The control system of claim 2, wherein the OCP is formulated as one or combination of optimal control structured quadratic program (OCP-QP), optimal control structured conic program (OCP-CP), and optimal control structured nonlinear program (OCP-NLP), such that a solution of the linearized KKT system matches the formulation of the OCP. 5. The control system of claim 2, wherein the first Newton-type search direction is determined by adding a regularization on one or multiple diagonal elements of the KKT matrix corresponding to the dual variables for the equality constraints and the active inequality constraints. 6. The control system of claim 2, wherein the first Newton-type search direction is determined by adding a regularization on one or multiple diagonal elements of the KKT matrix corresponding to the primal variables. 7. The control system of claim 2, wherein the first Newton-type search direction is determined by a Cholesky factorization of a positive definite KKT matrix for a reduced subsystem of the linearized KKT system for the primal variables. 8. The control system of claim 2, wherein the first Newton-type search direction is determined by a forward or reverse Cholesky factorization update from the previous iteration starting from, respectively, the first or last diagonal element of the KKT matrix updated due to the undecided inequality constraints from the previous iteration to the current iteration. 9. The control system of claim 2, wherein the OCP is a block-structured sparse optimization problem and the first Newton-type search direction is determined by a block-tridiagonal Cholesky factorization of a positive definite KKT matrix for a reduced subsystem of the linearized KKT system for the primal variables. 10. The control system of claim 2, wherein the first Newton-type search direction is determined by a forward or reverse, block-tridiagonal Cholesky factorization update from the previous iteration starting from, respectively, the first or last diagonal block of the sparse KKT matrix updated due to the undecided inequality constraints from the previous iteration to the current iteration. 11. The control system of claim 1, wherein, for a current control step, the classification of the inequality constraints is initialized based on values of primal, dual and slack variables determined for a previous control step. 12. The control system of claim 10, wherein initials values for the slack variables are increased to avoid classification of the inequality constraints as active in the first iteration. 13. The control system of claim 1, wherein the values of primal, dual and slack variables are selected at an intermediate iteration of the OCP solution during the previous control step. 14. The control system of claim 12, wherein the intermediate iteration is selected when one or combination of a norm of residual of the optimality conditions and a value of the barrier parameter at the intermediate iteration is below a predetermined threshold but above a threshold corresponding to the termination condition. 15. The control system of claim 1, wherein one or multiple of the inactive constraints are reclassified as undecided, by increasing values of the dual variables corresponding to one or multiple of the inactive constraints, when a rate of convergence of the iterative solution to the OCP is below a threshold. 16. The control system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to update a barrier parameter towards zero, wherein the barrier parameter defines relaxation of complementarity constraints of the dual and the slack variables for the inequality constraints and corresponding relaxation of the optimality conditions. 17. The control system of claim 1, wherein the termination condition compares a norm of a residual of optimality conditions with a threshold. 18. The control system of claim 1, wherein the machine is a vehicle, a spacecraft, or an air-conditioning system, and wherein the processor is an embedded processor embedded in the machine. 19. A control method for controlling an operation of a machine subject to constraints including equality and inequality constraints on state and control variables of the system, wherein the processor is coupled with stored instructions implementing the method, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor carry out at least some steps of the method, comprising:
solving an optimal control structured optimization problem (OCP) to produce a control signal for each control step, wherein for each control step, the OCP is solved by iteratively solving a set of relaxed optimality conditions until a termination condition is met, wherein each iteration outputs primal variables and dual variables with respect to the equality constraints and dual variables and slack variables with respect to the inequality constraints, wherein for a current iteration, the method comprises:
classifying each of the inequality constraints as an active, an inactive or an undecided constraint based on a ratio of a slack variable to a dual variable of the corresponding inequality constraint determined by a previous iteration;
finding an approximate solution to the set of relaxed optimality conditions subject to the equality constraints and the active and undecided inequality constraints; and
updating the primal, dual, and slack variables for each of the equality and inequality constraint; and
controlling the system based on the control signal. 20. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium embodied thereon a program executable by a processor for performing a method, the method comprising:
solving an optimal control structured optimization problem (OCP) to produce a control signal for each control step, wherein for each control step, the OCP is solved by iteratively solving a set of relaxed optimality conditions until a termination condition is met, wherein each iteration outputs primal variables and dual variables with respect to the equality constraints and dual variables and slack variables with respect to the inequality constraints, wherein for a current iteration, the method comprises:
classifying each of the inequality constraints as an active, an inactive or an undecided constraint based on a ratio of a slack variable to a dual variable of the corresponding inequality constraint determined by a previous iteration;
finding an approximate solution to the set of relaxed optimality conditions subject to the equality constraints and the active and undecided inequality constraints; and
updating the primal, dual, and slack variables for each of the equality and inequality constraint; and
controlling the system based on the control signal. | 2,100 |
349,148 | 16,806,688 | 2,198 | The present invention provides a method for performing association beamforming training (A-BFT) between an enhanced STA device and a PCP/AP (Personal basic service set Control Point/Access Point) in a wireless communication system. Specifically, the method performed by the enhanced STA device comprises receiving, from the PCP/AP, a beacon frame during a beacon interval, wherein the beacon frame includes information element (IE) used for an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) operation; and performing the A-BFT with the PCP/AP based on the received IE, wherein the IE includes control information related to an access attempt of the A-BFT. | 1. A method for performing association beamforming training (A-BFT) between an enhanced STA device and a PCP/AP (Personal basic service set Control Point/Access Point) in a wireless communication system, the method performed by the PCP/AP device, comprising:
transmitting, to the enhanced STA device, a beacon frame during a beacon interval, wherein the beacon frame includes an information element (IE) used for an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) operation; and performing the A-BFT with the enhanced STA based on the IE, wherein the IE includes control information for an access attempt of the A-BFT, wherein the control information includes first control information and second control information, and wherein the first control information represents a value of retry limit that the enhanced STA device attempting to access the A-BFT uses, and the second control information represents a back-off value that the enhanced STA device uses when the consecutive number of failed attempts to access the A-BFT exceeds the retry limit specified by the first control information. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein of the performing the A-BFT further comprising:
selecting at least one slot performing the A-BFT; and receiving, from the enhanced STA, an SSW (sector sweep) frame through at least one sub-slot included in a slot, wherein the slot is a slot for performing the A-BFT. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the enhanced STA device is an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) STA device. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the control information is included in an extended schedule field of a beacon frame body, the beacon frame body included in the beacon frame. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the beacon frame comprises an overload indicator that indicates whether an overload situation occurs. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the overload indicator is included in a beacon interval control field of a beacon frame body. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein if the overload indicator indicates that the overload situation has occurred, the control information is included in the extended schedule field. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the control information comprises a first set of bits and a second set of bits, and
wherein the first set of bits indicates the number of consecutive access attempts until a successful A-BFT is achieved, and the second set of bits indicates a back-off value of the access attempt if the A-BFT is not successful. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the beacon frame comprises an overload indicator indicates that the overload situation occurs, and
wherein the first control information is set to the next larger value of previous first control information, and the second control information is set to the next smaller value of previous second control information. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the A-BFT is performed if the overload indicator is transmitted a predetermined number of times. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the back-off value also increases with increase in the value of the control information. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the first control information and the second control information are set a default value if the overload situation is resolved. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the A-BFT is performed during a specific access period,
wherein the specific access period comprises a first access period and a second access period, and wherein the first access period is related to an access attempt of a legacy STA device, and the second access period is related to an access attempt of the enhanced STA device. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
transmitting, to the enhanced STA, information for the number of slot included in the second access period. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein if multiple channels are used in the access attempt, the first control information and the second control information have same or different values per each channel. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the EDMG operation is an operation in a frequency band containing a channel with a channel starting frequency above a specific frequency. 17. A personal basic service set control point/access point (PCP/AP) device for performing association beamforming training (A-BFT) with an enhanced STA in a wireless communication system, the PCP/AP comprising:
a transceiver configured to transceive a radio signal; and a processor functionally connected to the RF unit, wherein the processor is configured to: transmit, to the enhanced STA device, a beacon frame during a beacon interval, wherein the beacon frame includes an information element (IE) used for an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) operation; and perform the A-BFT with the enhanced STA based on the IE, wherein the IE includes control information for an access attempt of the A-BFT, wherein the control information includes first control information and second control information, and wherein the first control information represents a value of retry limit that the enhanced STA device attempting to access the A-BFT uses, and the second control information represents a back-off value that the enhanced STA device uses when the consecutive number of failed attempts to access the A-BFT exceeds the retry limit specified by the first control information. | The present invention provides a method for performing association beamforming training (A-BFT) between an enhanced STA device and a PCP/AP (Personal basic service set Control Point/Access Point) in a wireless communication system. Specifically, the method performed by the enhanced STA device comprises receiving, from the PCP/AP, a beacon frame during a beacon interval, wherein the beacon frame includes information element (IE) used for an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) operation; and performing the A-BFT with the PCP/AP based on the received IE, wherein the IE includes control information related to an access attempt of the A-BFT.1. A method for performing association beamforming training (A-BFT) between an enhanced STA device and a PCP/AP (Personal basic service set Control Point/Access Point) in a wireless communication system, the method performed by the PCP/AP device, comprising:
transmitting, to the enhanced STA device, a beacon frame during a beacon interval, wherein the beacon frame includes an information element (IE) used for an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) operation; and performing the A-BFT with the enhanced STA based on the IE, wherein the IE includes control information for an access attempt of the A-BFT, wherein the control information includes first control information and second control information, and wherein the first control information represents a value of retry limit that the enhanced STA device attempting to access the A-BFT uses, and the second control information represents a back-off value that the enhanced STA device uses when the consecutive number of failed attempts to access the A-BFT exceeds the retry limit specified by the first control information. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein of the performing the A-BFT further comprising:
selecting at least one slot performing the A-BFT; and receiving, from the enhanced STA, an SSW (sector sweep) frame through at least one sub-slot included in a slot, wherein the slot is a slot for performing the A-BFT. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the enhanced STA device is an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) STA device. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the control information is included in an extended schedule field of a beacon frame body, the beacon frame body included in the beacon frame. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the beacon frame comprises an overload indicator that indicates whether an overload situation occurs. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the overload indicator is included in a beacon interval control field of a beacon frame body. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein if the overload indicator indicates that the overload situation has occurred, the control information is included in the extended schedule field. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the control information comprises a first set of bits and a second set of bits, and
wherein the first set of bits indicates the number of consecutive access attempts until a successful A-BFT is achieved, and the second set of bits indicates a back-off value of the access attempt if the A-BFT is not successful. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the beacon frame comprises an overload indicator indicates that the overload situation occurs, and
wherein the first control information is set to the next larger value of previous first control information, and the second control information is set to the next smaller value of previous second control information. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the A-BFT is performed if the overload indicator is transmitted a predetermined number of times. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the back-off value also increases with increase in the value of the control information. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the first control information and the second control information are set a default value if the overload situation is resolved. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the A-BFT is performed during a specific access period,
wherein the specific access period comprises a first access period and a second access period, and wherein the first access period is related to an access attempt of a legacy STA device, and the second access period is related to an access attempt of the enhanced STA device. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
transmitting, to the enhanced STA, information for the number of slot included in the second access period. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein if multiple channels are used in the access attempt, the first control information and the second control information have same or different values per each channel. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the EDMG operation is an operation in a frequency band containing a channel with a channel starting frequency above a specific frequency. 17. A personal basic service set control point/access point (PCP/AP) device for performing association beamforming training (A-BFT) with an enhanced STA in a wireless communication system, the PCP/AP comprising:
a transceiver configured to transceive a radio signal; and a processor functionally connected to the RF unit, wherein the processor is configured to: transmit, to the enhanced STA device, a beacon frame during a beacon interval, wherein the beacon frame includes an information element (IE) used for an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) operation; and perform the A-BFT with the enhanced STA based on the IE, wherein the IE includes control information for an access attempt of the A-BFT, wherein the control information includes first control information and second control information, and wherein the first control information represents a value of retry limit that the enhanced STA device attempting to access the A-BFT uses, and the second control information represents a back-off value that the enhanced STA device uses when the consecutive number of failed attempts to access the A-BFT exceeds the retry limit specified by the first control information. | 2,100 |
349,149 | 16,806,683 | 2,198 | The present invention provides a method for performing association beamforming training (A-BFT) between an enhanced STA device and a PCP/AP (Personal basic service set Control Point/Access Point) in a wireless communication system. Specifically, the method performed by the enhanced STA device comprises receiving, from the PCP/AP, a beacon frame during a beacon interval, wherein the beacon frame includes information element (IE) used for an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) operation; and performing the A-BFT with the PCP/AP based on the received IE, wherein the IE includes control information related to an access attempt of the A-BFT. | 1. A method for performing association beamforming training (A-BFT) between an enhanced STA device and a PCP/AP (Personal basic service set Control Point/Access Point) in a wireless communication system, the method performed by the PCP/AP device, comprising:
transmitting, to the enhanced STA device, a beacon frame during a beacon interval, wherein the beacon frame includes an information element (IE) used for an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) operation; and performing the A-BFT with the enhanced STA based on the IE, wherein the IE includes control information for an access attempt of the A-BFT, wherein the control information includes first control information and second control information, and wherein the first control information represents a value of retry limit that the enhanced STA device attempting to access the A-BFT uses, and the second control information represents a back-off value that the enhanced STA device uses when the consecutive number of failed attempts to access the A-BFT exceeds the retry limit specified by the first control information. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein of the performing the A-BFT further comprising:
selecting at least one slot performing the A-BFT; and receiving, from the enhanced STA, an SSW (sector sweep) frame through at least one sub-slot included in a slot, wherein the slot is a slot for performing the A-BFT. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the enhanced STA device is an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) STA device. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the control information is included in an extended schedule field of a beacon frame body, the beacon frame body included in the beacon frame. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the beacon frame comprises an overload indicator that indicates whether an overload situation occurs. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the overload indicator is included in a beacon interval control field of a beacon frame body. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein if the overload indicator indicates that the overload situation has occurred, the control information is included in the extended schedule field. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the control information comprises a first set of bits and a second set of bits, and
wherein the first set of bits indicates the number of consecutive access attempts until a successful A-BFT is achieved, and the second set of bits indicates a back-off value of the access attempt if the A-BFT is not successful. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the beacon frame comprises an overload indicator indicates that the overload situation occurs, and
wherein the first control information is set to the next larger value of previous first control information, and the second control information is set to the next smaller value of previous second control information. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the A-BFT is performed if the overload indicator is transmitted a predetermined number of times. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the back-off value also increases with increase in the value of the control information. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the first control information and the second control information are set a default value if the overload situation is resolved. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the A-BFT is performed during a specific access period,
wherein the specific access period comprises a first access period and a second access period, and wherein the first access period is related to an access attempt of a legacy STA device, and the second access period is related to an access attempt of the enhanced STA device. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
transmitting, to the enhanced STA, information for the number of slot included in the second access period. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein if multiple channels are used in the access attempt, the first control information and the second control information have same or different values per each channel. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the EDMG operation is an operation in a frequency band containing a channel with a channel starting frequency above a specific frequency. 17. A personal basic service set control point/access point (PCP/AP) device for performing association beamforming training (A-BFT) with an enhanced STA in a wireless communication system, the PCP/AP comprising:
a transceiver configured to transceive a radio signal; and a processor functionally connected to the RF unit, wherein the processor is configured to: transmit, to the enhanced STA device, a beacon frame during a beacon interval, wherein the beacon frame includes an information element (IE) used for an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) operation; and perform the A-BFT with the enhanced STA based on the IE, wherein the IE includes control information for an access attempt of the A-BFT, wherein the control information includes first control information and second control information, and wherein the first control information represents a value of retry limit that the enhanced STA device attempting to access the A-BFT uses, and the second control information represents a back-off value that the enhanced STA device uses when the consecutive number of failed attempts to access the A-BFT exceeds the retry limit specified by the first control information. | The present invention provides a method for performing association beamforming training (A-BFT) between an enhanced STA device and a PCP/AP (Personal basic service set Control Point/Access Point) in a wireless communication system. Specifically, the method performed by the enhanced STA device comprises receiving, from the PCP/AP, a beacon frame during a beacon interval, wherein the beacon frame includes information element (IE) used for an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) operation; and performing the A-BFT with the PCP/AP based on the received IE, wherein the IE includes control information related to an access attempt of the A-BFT.1. A method for performing association beamforming training (A-BFT) between an enhanced STA device and a PCP/AP (Personal basic service set Control Point/Access Point) in a wireless communication system, the method performed by the PCP/AP device, comprising:
transmitting, to the enhanced STA device, a beacon frame during a beacon interval, wherein the beacon frame includes an information element (IE) used for an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) operation; and performing the A-BFT with the enhanced STA based on the IE, wherein the IE includes control information for an access attempt of the A-BFT, wherein the control information includes first control information and second control information, and wherein the first control information represents a value of retry limit that the enhanced STA device attempting to access the A-BFT uses, and the second control information represents a back-off value that the enhanced STA device uses when the consecutive number of failed attempts to access the A-BFT exceeds the retry limit specified by the first control information. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein of the performing the A-BFT further comprising:
selecting at least one slot performing the A-BFT; and receiving, from the enhanced STA, an SSW (sector sweep) frame through at least one sub-slot included in a slot, wherein the slot is a slot for performing the A-BFT. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the enhanced STA device is an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) STA device. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the control information is included in an extended schedule field of a beacon frame body, the beacon frame body included in the beacon frame. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the beacon frame comprises an overload indicator that indicates whether an overload situation occurs. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the overload indicator is included in a beacon interval control field of a beacon frame body. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein if the overload indicator indicates that the overload situation has occurred, the control information is included in the extended schedule field. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the control information comprises a first set of bits and a second set of bits, and
wherein the first set of bits indicates the number of consecutive access attempts until a successful A-BFT is achieved, and the second set of bits indicates a back-off value of the access attempt if the A-BFT is not successful. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the beacon frame comprises an overload indicator indicates that the overload situation occurs, and
wherein the first control information is set to the next larger value of previous first control information, and the second control information is set to the next smaller value of previous second control information. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the A-BFT is performed if the overload indicator is transmitted a predetermined number of times. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the back-off value also increases with increase in the value of the control information. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the first control information and the second control information are set a default value if the overload situation is resolved. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the A-BFT is performed during a specific access period,
wherein the specific access period comprises a first access period and a second access period, and wherein the first access period is related to an access attempt of a legacy STA device, and the second access period is related to an access attempt of the enhanced STA device. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
transmitting, to the enhanced STA, information for the number of slot included in the second access period. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein if multiple channels are used in the access attempt, the first control information and the second control information have same or different values per each channel. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the EDMG operation is an operation in a frequency band containing a channel with a channel starting frequency above a specific frequency. 17. A personal basic service set control point/access point (PCP/AP) device for performing association beamforming training (A-BFT) with an enhanced STA in a wireless communication system, the PCP/AP comprising:
a transceiver configured to transceive a radio signal; and a processor functionally connected to the RF unit, wherein the processor is configured to: transmit, to the enhanced STA device, a beacon frame during a beacon interval, wherein the beacon frame includes an information element (IE) used for an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) operation; and perform the A-BFT with the enhanced STA based on the IE, wherein the IE includes control information for an access attempt of the A-BFT, wherein the control information includes first control information and second control information, and wherein the first control information represents a value of retry limit that the enhanced STA device attempting to access the A-BFT uses, and the second control information represents a back-off value that the enhanced STA device uses when the consecutive number of failed attempts to access the A-BFT exceeds the retry limit specified by the first control information. | 2,100 |
349,150 | 16,806,723 | 2,198 | Disclosed are a generator and a condensing system. The generator, a rectifier, a condenser, an evaporator, an absorber and a liquid storage tank are sequentially connected to form a loop, a gas outlet chamber is communicated with the rectifier by a lifting pipe, and a liquid conveying pipe is arranged between a heating chamber and the liquid storage tank. The generator includes the heating chamber and the gas outlet chamber, wherein the gas outlet chamber is connected with the lifting pipe, and has a width gradually reduced in a gas outlet direction. | 1. A generator, comprising:
a heating chamber, and a gas outlet chamber connected with a lifting pipe, the gas outlet having a width gradually reduced in a gas outlet direction. 2. The generator of claim 1, wherein a lower part of the heating chamber is connected with a liquid conveying pipe, and a right angle is formed at a joint between the heating chamber and the liquid conveying pipe. 3. The generator of claim 1, wherein the gas outlet chamber is stepped. 4. The generator of claim 3, wherein steps on the gas outlet chamber are provided with rounded corners. 5. The generator of claim 1, wherein an inner wall of the gas outlet chamber is of a concave arc shape. 6. A condensing system, comprising a generator, a rectifier, a condenser, an evaporator, an absorber and a liquid storage tank which are sequentially connected to form a loop, the generator comprising:
a heating chamber, and a gas outlet chamber connected with a lifting pipe, the gas outlet having a width gradually reduced in a gas outlet direction; wherein the gas outlet chamber is communicated with the rectifier by the lifting pipe, and a liquid conveying pipe is arranged between the heating chamber and the liquid storage tank. 7. The condensing system of claim 6, wherein the lifting pipe is externally sheathed with a sleeve which is communicated with the absorber. 8. The condensing system of claim 6, wherein a lower part of the heating chamber is connected with the liquid conveying pipe, and a right angle is formed at a joint between the heating chamber and the liquid conveying pipe. 9. The condensing system of claim 6, wherein the gas outlet chamber is stepped. 10. The condensing system of claim 9, wherein steps on the gas outlet chamber are provided with rounded corners. 11. The condensing system of claim 6, wherein an inner wall of the gas outlet chamber is of a concave arc shape. | Disclosed are a generator and a condensing system. The generator, a rectifier, a condenser, an evaporator, an absorber and a liquid storage tank are sequentially connected to form a loop, a gas outlet chamber is communicated with the rectifier by a lifting pipe, and a liquid conveying pipe is arranged between a heating chamber and the liquid storage tank. The generator includes the heating chamber and the gas outlet chamber, wherein the gas outlet chamber is connected with the lifting pipe, and has a width gradually reduced in a gas outlet direction.1. A generator, comprising:
a heating chamber, and a gas outlet chamber connected with a lifting pipe, the gas outlet having a width gradually reduced in a gas outlet direction. 2. The generator of claim 1, wherein a lower part of the heating chamber is connected with a liquid conveying pipe, and a right angle is formed at a joint between the heating chamber and the liquid conveying pipe. 3. The generator of claim 1, wherein the gas outlet chamber is stepped. 4. The generator of claim 3, wherein steps on the gas outlet chamber are provided with rounded corners. 5. The generator of claim 1, wherein an inner wall of the gas outlet chamber is of a concave arc shape. 6. A condensing system, comprising a generator, a rectifier, a condenser, an evaporator, an absorber and a liquid storage tank which are sequentially connected to form a loop, the generator comprising:
a heating chamber, and a gas outlet chamber connected with a lifting pipe, the gas outlet having a width gradually reduced in a gas outlet direction; wherein the gas outlet chamber is communicated with the rectifier by the lifting pipe, and a liquid conveying pipe is arranged between the heating chamber and the liquid storage tank. 7. The condensing system of claim 6, wherein the lifting pipe is externally sheathed with a sleeve which is communicated with the absorber. 8. The condensing system of claim 6, wherein a lower part of the heating chamber is connected with the liquid conveying pipe, and a right angle is formed at a joint between the heating chamber and the liquid conveying pipe. 9. The condensing system of claim 6, wherein the gas outlet chamber is stepped. 10. The condensing system of claim 9, wherein steps on the gas outlet chamber are provided with rounded corners. 11. The condensing system of claim 6, wherein an inner wall of the gas outlet chamber is of a concave arc shape. | 2,100 |
349,151 | 16,806,698 | 2,198 | A laser device includes: a semiconductor laser, at least one driver that supplies the semiconductor laser with a current; a modulator that modulates the current supplied to the semiconductor laser; and at least one electric line for conveying the current from at least one driver to the semiconductor laser. The at least one electric line is a wire in a form of a tape, and includes the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer, and the insulating layer which are extending in the longitudinal direction of the wire. The first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are stacked, with the insulating layer in between, in the direction of thickness of the wire. | 1. A laser device, comprising:
a semiconductor laser; at least one driver that supplies the semiconductor laser with a current; a modulator that modulates the current to be supplied to the semiconductor laser; and at least one electric line for conveying the current from the at least one driver to the semiconductor laser, wherein the at least one electric line is a wire in a form of a tape, and includes a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer, and an insulating layer that are extending in a longitudinal direction of the wire, and the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are stacked, with the insulating layer in between, in the direction of thickness of the wire. 2. The laser device according to claim 1, further comprising
a cooler that cools the semiconductor laser, the cooler being thermally connected to the semiconductor laser. 3. The laser device according to claim 1, wherein
the semiconductor laser has a single laser diode, the at least one driver is a single driver, the first conductive layer has a first end connected to an anode of the single laser diode, and a second end connected to the single driver, and the second conductive layer has a first end connected to a cathode of the single laser diode, and a second end connected to the single driver. 4. The laser device according to claim 2, wherein
the semiconductor laser has a single laser diode, the at least one driver is a single driver, the first conductive layer has a first end connected to an anode of the single laser diode, and a second end connected to the single driver, and the second conductive layer has a first end connected to a cathode of the single laser diode, and a second end connected to the single driver. 5. The laser device according to claim 1, wherein
the semiconductor laser has a plurality of laser diodes which are electrically connected in series and form a series circuit, the at least one driver is a single driver, the first conductive layer has a first end connected to a first end of the series circuit, and a second end connected to the single driver, and the second conductive layer has a first end connected to a second end of the series circuit, and a second end connected to the single driver. 6. The laser device according to claim 2, wherein
the semiconductor laser has a plurality of laser diodes which are electrically connected in series and form a series circuit, the at least one driver is a single driver, the first conductive layer has a first end connected to a first end of the series circuit, and a second end connected to the single driver, and the second conductive layer has a first end connected to a second end of the series circuit, and a second end connected to the single driver. 7. The laser device according to claim 1, wherein
the semiconductor laser has a plurality of laser diodes, the at least one driver is a plurality of drivers that supply a plurality of currents to the plurality of laser diodes, and the at least one electric line is a plurality of electric lines that convey the plurality of currents to the plurality of laser diodes. 8. The laser device according to claim 2, wherein
the semiconductor laser has a plurality of laser diodes, the at least one driver is a plurality of drivers that supply a plurality of currents to the plurality of laser diodes, and the at least one electric line is a plurality of electric lines that convey the plurality of currents to the plurality of laser diodes. 9. A transmitter, comprising the laser device according to claim 1. 10. A transmitter, comprising the laser device according to claim 2. | A laser device includes: a semiconductor laser, at least one driver that supplies the semiconductor laser with a current; a modulator that modulates the current supplied to the semiconductor laser; and at least one electric line for conveying the current from at least one driver to the semiconductor laser. The at least one electric line is a wire in a form of a tape, and includes the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer, and the insulating layer which are extending in the longitudinal direction of the wire. The first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are stacked, with the insulating layer in between, in the direction of thickness of the wire.1. A laser device, comprising:
a semiconductor laser; at least one driver that supplies the semiconductor laser with a current; a modulator that modulates the current to be supplied to the semiconductor laser; and at least one electric line for conveying the current from the at least one driver to the semiconductor laser, wherein the at least one electric line is a wire in a form of a tape, and includes a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer, and an insulating layer that are extending in a longitudinal direction of the wire, and the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are stacked, with the insulating layer in between, in the direction of thickness of the wire. 2. The laser device according to claim 1, further comprising
a cooler that cools the semiconductor laser, the cooler being thermally connected to the semiconductor laser. 3. The laser device according to claim 1, wherein
the semiconductor laser has a single laser diode, the at least one driver is a single driver, the first conductive layer has a first end connected to an anode of the single laser diode, and a second end connected to the single driver, and the second conductive layer has a first end connected to a cathode of the single laser diode, and a second end connected to the single driver. 4. The laser device according to claim 2, wherein
the semiconductor laser has a single laser diode, the at least one driver is a single driver, the first conductive layer has a first end connected to an anode of the single laser diode, and a second end connected to the single driver, and the second conductive layer has a first end connected to a cathode of the single laser diode, and a second end connected to the single driver. 5. The laser device according to claim 1, wherein
the semiconductor laser has a plurality of laser diodes which are electrically connected in series and form a series circuit, the at least one driver is a single driver, the first conductive layer has a first end connected to a first end of the series circuit, and a second end connected to the single driver, and the second conductive layer has a first end connected to a second end of the series circuit, and a second end connected to the single driver. 6. The laser device according to claim 2, wherein
the semiconductor laser has a plurality of laser diodes which are electrically connected in series and form a series circuit, the at least one driver is a single driver, the first conductive layer has a first end connected to a first end of the series circuit, and a second end connected to the single driver, and the second conductive layer has a first end connected to a second end of the series circuit, and a second end connected to the single driver. 7. The laser device according to claim 1, wherein
the semiconductor laser has a plurality of laser diodes, the at least one driver is a plurality of drivers that supply a plurality of currents to the plurality of laser diodes, and the at least one electric line is a plurality of electric lines that convey the plurality of currents to the plurality of laser diodes. 8. The laser device according to claim 2, wherein
the semiconductor laser has a plurality of laser diodes, the at least one driver is a plurality of drivers that supply a plurality of currents to the plurality of laser diodes, and the at least one electric line is a plurality of electric lines that convey the plurality of currents to the plurality of laser diodes. 9. A transmitter, comprising the laser device according to claim 1. 10. A transmitter, comprising the laser device according to claim 2. | 2,100 |
349,152 | 16,806,692 | 1,622 | Methods for creating concentrated plant material solution are disclosed. Some examples include combining at least a concentrated plant material, at least one terpenoid compound, and a solvent to define a mixture; heating the mixture, wherein a temperature of the mixture is heated above a boiling point of the solvent and wherein the temperature of the heated mixture does not exceed a lower one of a boiling point of the concentrated plant material and a boiling point of the at least one terpenoid compound; and maintaining the temperature of the mixture above the boiling point of the solvent and below the lower one of the boiling point of the concentrated plant material and the boiling point of the at least one terpenoid compound until the amount of solvent remaining in the mixture reaches a predetermined concentration level. | 1. A method, comprising:
combining at least a concentrated plant material, at least one terpenoid compound, and a solvent to define a mixture; heating the mixture,
wherein a temperature of the mixture is heated above a boiling point of the solvent, and
wherein the temperature of the heated mixture does not exceed a lower one of a boiling point of the concentrated plant material and a boiling point of the at least one terpenoid compound; and
maintaining the temperature of the mixture above the boiling point of the solvent and below the lower one of the boiling point of the concentrated plant material and the boiling point of the at least one terpenoid compound until the amount of solvent remaining in the mixture reaches a predetermined concentration level. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the solvent comprises at least a first oil based solvent and a second oil based solvent, wherein the second oil based solvent is different from the first oil based solvent. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the combining further comprises:
forming an amphiphilic mixture that is a multimer aggregate of the concentrated plant material and the solvent, 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentrated plant material comprises a plurality of extracted compounds. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the concentrated plant material comprises a plurality of cannabinoid isolates. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one terpenoid compound comprises a plurality of terpene isolates. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentrated plant material is in a micelle form. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentrated plant material comprises at least one Cannabis-derived concentrated plant material. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentrated plant material consists essentially of Cannabis-derived concentrated plant materials. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentrated plant material consists of Cannabis-derived concentrated plant materials. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixture includes micelles after or during at least one of the combining step and the heating step. 12. The method of claim 1,
wherein the solvent comprises water, and wherein after or during at least one of the combining and the heating, the mixture includes micelles in water-octanol partitions. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the combining step further comprises:
adjusting a viscosity of the mixture by introducing distilled water into the mixture prior to heating the mixture. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the heating further comprises:
heating and agitating the mixture until the amount of solvent remaining in the mixture reaches the predetermined concentration level. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the solvent comprises alcohol. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein combining the alcohol, the concentrated plant material, and the at least one terpenoid compound produces a precipitate that is at least partially in solution with the mixture, and wherein the method further comprises:
filtering the precipitate out of the mixture. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein after maintaining the temperature of the mixture, the method further comprising:
cooling the mixture to below a predetermined precipitate removal temperature to solidify the precipitate out of the mixture, wherein the precipitate removal temperature is selected to cause the precipitate to separate out of the mixture. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the precipitate is a paraffin wax, and wherein the precipitate removal temperature is selected to cause the paraffin wax to precipitate out of the mixture. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein filtering the precipitate out of mixture includes directing the mixture through a filter to remove the precipitate from the mixture, wherein a pore size of the filter is less than six microns. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein filtering the precipitate out of the mixture includes directing the mixture through a filter to remove small particulate impurities from the concentrated plant material solution, wherein a pore size of the filter is less than two microns. 21. The method claim 15, wherein heating the mixture further comprises:
heating the mixture until an amount of alcohol in the mixture has a viscosity of a volatile compound to evaporate at a temperature for inhalation via at least one of an electronic cigarette and an electronic vaporizer, wherein the amount of alcohol in the mixture is reduced by the heating while concentrated plant material is retained in the mixture. 22. The method of claim 15, wherein the predetermined concentration level is substantially an alcohol-free mixture. 23. A method, comprising:
combining one or more Cannabis-derived concentrated plant materials, including cannabinoids and terpenes, and a solvent to form a mixture; heating the mixture above a boiling point of the solvent; and maintaining a temperature of the heated mixture below the boiling point of the cannabinoids and the terpenes until an amount of solvent remaining in the concentrated plant material reaches a predetermined concentration level. 24. A method, comprising:
producing a plurality of micelle mixtures that coexist in water-octanol partitions by combining one or more Cannabis-derived concentrated plant materials with at least a first solvent and a second solvent, wherein the first solvent and the second solvent each have different levels of water; heating the mixture above a boiling point of at least one solvent of the at least first and second solvents; and maintaining a temperature of the heated mixture that is below the boiling point of at least one of the one or more Cannabis-derived concentrated plant materials and above the at least one solvent until the amount of the at least one solvent remaining in the mixture reaches a predetermined concentration level. | Methods for creating concentrated plant material solution are disclosed. Some examples include combining at least a concentrated plant material, at least one terpenoid compound, and a solvent to define a mixture; heating the mixture, wherein a temperature of the mixture is heated above a boiling point of the solvent and wherein the temperature of the heated mixture does not exceed a lower one of a boiling point of the concentrated plant material and a boiling point of the at least one terpenoid compound; and maintaining the temperature of the mixture above the boiling point of the solvent and below the lower one of the boiling point of the concentrated plant material and the boiling point of the at least one terpenoid compound until the amount of solvent remaining in the mixture reaches a predetermined concentration level.1. A method, comprising:
combining at least a concentrated plant material, at least one terpenoid compound, and a solvent to define a mixture; heating the mixture,
wherein a temperature of the mixture is heated above a boiling point of the solvent, and
wherein the temperature of the heated mixture does not exceed a lower one of a boiling point of the concentrated plant material and a boiling point of the at least one terpenoid compound; and
maintaining the temperature of the mixture above the boiling point of the solvent and below the lower one of the boiling point of the concentrated plant material and the boiling point of the at least one terpenoid compound until the amount of solvent remaining in the mixture reaches a predetermined concentration level. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the solvent comprises at least a first oil based solvent and a second oil based solvent, wherein the second oil based solvent is different from the first oil based solvent. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the combining further comprises:
forming an amphiphilic mixture that is a multimer aggregate of the concentrated plant material and the solvent, 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentrated plant material comprises a plurality of extracted compounds. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the concentrated plant material comprises a plurality of cannabinoid isolates. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one terpenoid compound comprises a plurality of terpene isolates. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentrated plant material is in a micelle form. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentrated plant material comprises at least one Cannabis-derived concentrated plant material. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentrated plant material consists essentially of Cannabis-derived concentrated plant materials. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentrated plant material consists of Cannabis-derived concentrated plant materials. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixture includes micelles after or during at least one of the combining step and the heating step. 12. The method of claim 1,
wherein the solvent comprises water, and wherein after or during at least one of the combining and the heating, the mixture includes micelles in water-octanol partitions. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the combining step further comprises:
adjusting a viscosity of the mixture by introducing distilled water into the mixture prior to heating the mixture. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the heating further comprises:
heating and agitating the mixture until the amount of solvent remaining in the mixture reaches the predetermined concentration level. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the solvent comprises alcohol. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein combining the alcohol, the concentrated plant material, and the at least one terpenoid compound produces a precipitate that is at least partially in solution with the mixture, and wherein the method further comprises:
filtering the precipitate out of the mixture. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein after maintaining the temperature of the mixture, the method further comprising:
cooling the mixture to below a predetermined precipitate removal temperature to solidify the precipitate out of the mixture, wherein the precipitate removal temperature is selected to cause the precipitate to separate out of the mixture. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the precipitate is a paraffin wax, and wherein the precipitate removal temperature is selected to cause the paraffin wax to precipitate out of the mixture. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein filtering the precipitate out of mixture includes directing the mixture through a filter to remove the precipitate from the mixture, wherein a pore size of the filter is less than six microns. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein filtering the precipitate out of the mixture includes directing the mixture through a filter to remove small particulate impurities from the concentrated plant material solution, wherein a pore size of the filter is less than two microns. 21. The method claim 15, wherein heating the mixture further comprises:
heating the mixture until an amount of alcohol in the mixture has a viscosity of a volatile compound to evaporate at a temperature for inhalation via at least one of an electronic cigarette and an electronic vaporizer, wherein the amount of alcohol in the mixture is reduced by the heating while concentrated plant material is retained in the mixture. 22. The method of claim 15, wherein the predetermined concentration level is substantially an alcohol-free mixture. 23. A method, comprising:
combining one or more Cannabis-derived concentrated plant materials, including cannabinoids and terpenes, and a solvent to form a mixture; heating the mixture above a boiling point of the solvent; and maintaining a temperature of the heated mixture below the boiling point of the cannabinoids and the terpenes until an amount of solvent remaining in the concentrated plant material reaches a predetermined concentration level. 24. A method, comprising:
producing a plurality of micelle mixtures that coexist in water-octanol partitions by combining one or more Cannabis-derived concentrated plant materials with at least a first solvent and a second solvent, wherein the first solvent and the second solvent each have different levels of water; heating the mixture above a boiling point of at least one solvent of the at least first and second solvents; and maintaining a temperature of the heated mixture that is below the boiling point of at least one of the one or more Cannabis-derived concentrated plant materials and above the at least one solvent until the amount of the at least one solvent remaining in the mixture reaches a predetermined concentration level. | 1,600 |
349,153 | 16,806,721 | 1,622 | Storage management techniques involve determining a set of association degrees associated with a set of storage disks, the set of storage disks forming a set of Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks (RAIDs), and an association degree of the set of association degrees indicating a coupling degree of a pair of storage disks in the set of storage disks, the coupling degree being determined based on a number of RAIDs associated with the pair of storage disks. Such techniques further involve determining a first number of pairs of storage disks, wherein the coupling degree of each pair of storage disks is less than a predetermined coupling threshold; and in response to determining that a ratio of the first number to a total number of pairs of storage disks of the set of storage disks is greater than a predetermined ratio threshold, reorganizing at least one RAID in the set of RAIDs. | 1. A method for storage management, comprising:
determining a set of association degrees associated with a set of storage disks, the set of storage disks forming a set of Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks (RAIDs), and an association degree of the set of association degrees indicating a coupling degree of a pair of storage disks in the set of storage disks, the coupling degree being determined based on a number of RAIDs associated with the pair of storage disks; determining a first number of pairs of storage disks, wherein the coupling degree of each pair of storage disks is less than a predetermined coupling threshold; and in response to determining that a ratio of the first number to a total number of pairs of storage disks of the set of storage disks is greater than a predetermined ratio threshold, reorganizing at least one RAID in the set of RAIDs. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the first number comprises:
determining an average value of the set of association degrees; and determining the first number of association degrees from the set of association degrees, wherein a difference between each of the first number of association degrees and the average value is greater than or equal to a predetermined difference threshold. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the difference threshold is determined based on a standard deviation of the set of association degrees. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reorganizing comprises:
moving data associated with a source storage block in the at least one RAID into a target storage block, a first storage disk corresponding to the source storage block being different from a second storage disk corresponding to the target storage block. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein a sum of at least one association degree associated with the first storage disk is greater than a first predetermined threshold, and wherein a sum of at least one association degree associated with the second storage disk is less than a second predetermined threshold. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
providing a graphical representation of the set of association degrees. 7. A device for storage management, comprising:
at least one processing unit; and at least one memory being coupled to the at least one processing unit and storing instructions for execution by the at least one processing unit, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processing unit, causing the device to perform acts comprising:
determining a set of association degrees associated with a set of storage disks, the set of storage disks forming a set of Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks (RAIDs), and an association degree of the set of association degrees indicating a coupling degree of a pair of storage disks in the set of storage disks, the coupling degree being determined based on a number of RAIDs associated with the pair of storage disks;
determining a first number of pairs of storage disks, wherein the coupling degree of each pair of storage disks is less than a predetermined coupling threshold; and
in response to determining that a ratio of the first number to a total number of pairs of storage disks of the set of storage disks is greater than a predetermined ratio threshold, reorganizing at least one RAID in the set of RAIDs. 8. The device according to claim 7, wherein determining the first number comprises:
determining an average value of the set of association degrees; and determining the first number of association degrees from the set of association degrees, wherein a difference between each of the first number of association degrees and the average value is greater than or equal to a predetermined difference threshold. 9. The device according to claim 8, wherein the difference threshold is determined based on a standard deviation of the set of association degrees. 10. The device according to claim 7, wherein the reorganizing comprises:
moving data associated with a source storage block in the at least one RAID into a target storage block, a first storage disk corresponding to the source storage block being different from a second storage disk corresponding to the target storage block. 11. The device according to claim 10, wherein a sum of at least one association degree associated with the first storage disk is greater than a first predetermined threshold, and wherein a sum of at least one association degree associated with the second storage disk is less than a second predetermined threshold. 12. The device according to claim 7, the acts further comprising:
providing a graphical representation of the set of association degrees. 13. A computer program product being stored in a non-transitory computer storage medium and comprising machine-executable instructions which, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform acts comprising:
determining a set of association degrees associated with a set of storage disks, the set of storage disks forming a set of Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks (RAIDs), and an association degree of the set of association degrees indicating a coupling degree of a pair of storage disks in the set of storage disks, the coupling degree being determined based on a number of RAIDs associated with the pair of storage disks; determining a first number of pairs of storage disks, wherein the coupling degree of each pair of storage disks is less than a predetermined coupling threshold; and in response to determining that a ratio of the first number to a total number of pairs of storage disks of the set of storage disks is greater than a predetermined ratio threshold, reorganizing at least one RAID in the set of RAIDs. 14. The computer program product according to claim 13, wherein determining the first number comprises:
determining an average value of the set of association degrees; and determining the first number of association degrees from the set of association degrees, wherein a difference between each of the first number of association degrees and the average value is greater than or equal to a predetermined difference threshold. 15. The computer program product according to claim 14, wherein the difference threshold is determined based on a standard deviation of the set of association degrees. 16. The computer program product according to claim 13, wherein the reorganizing comprises:
moving data associated with a source storage block in the at least one RAID into a target storage block, a first storage disk corresponding to the source storage block being different from a second storage disk corresponding to the target storage block. 17. The computer program product according to claim 16, wherein a sum of at least one association degree associated with the first storage disk is greater than a first predetermined threshold, and wherein a sum of at least one association degree associated with the second storage disk is less than a second predetermined threshold. 18. The computer program product according to claim 13, the acts further comprising:
providing a graphical representation of the set of association degrees. | Storage management techniques involve determining a set of association degrees associated with a set of storage disks, the set of storage disks forming a set of Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks (RAIDs), and an association degree of the set of association degrees indicating a coupling degree of a pair of storage disks in the set of storage disks, the coupling degree being determined based on a number of RAIDs associated with the pair of storage disks. Such techniques further involve determining a first number of pairs of storage disks, wherein the coupling degree of each pair of storage disks is less than a predetermined coupling threshold; and in response to determining that a ratio of the first number to a total number of pairs of storage disks of the set of storage disks is greater than a predetermined ratio threshold, reorganizing at least one RAID in the set of RAIDs.1. A method for storage management, comprising:
determining a set of association degrees associated with a set of storage disks, the set of storage disks forming a set of Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks (RAIDs), and an association degree of the set of association degrees indicating a coupling degree of a pair of storage disks in the set of storage disks, the coupling degree being determined based on a number of RAIDs associated with the pair of storage disks; determining a first number of pairs of storage disks, wherein the coupling degree of each pair of storage disks is less than a predetermined coupling threshold; and in response to determining that a ratio of the first number to a total number of pairs of storage disks of the set of storage disks is greater than a predetermined ratio threshold, reorganizing at least one RAID in the set of RAIDs. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the first number comprises:
determining an average value of the set of association degrees; and determining the first number of association degrees from the set of association degrees, wherein a difference between each of the first number of association degrees and the average value is greater than or equal to a predetermined difference threshold. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the difference threshold is determined based on a standard deviation of the set of association degrees. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reorganizing comprises:
moving data associated with a source storage block in the at least one RAID into a target storage block, a first storage disk corresponding to the source storage block being different from a second storage disk corresponding to the target storage block. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein a sum of at least one association degree associated with the first storage disk is greater than a first predetermined threshold, and wherein a sum of at least one association degree associated with the second storage disk is less than a second predetermined threshold. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
providing a graphical representation of the set of association degrees. 7. A device for storage management, comprising:
at least one processing unit; and at least one memory being coupled to the at least one processing unit and storing instructions for execution by the at least one processing unit, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processing unit, causing the device to perform acts comprising:
determining a set of association degrees associated with a set of storage disks, the set of storage disks forming a set of Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks (RAIDs), and an association degree of the set of association degrees indicating a coupling degree of a pair of storage disks in the set of storage disks, the coupling degree being determined based on a number of RAIDs associated with the pair of storage disks;
determining a first number of pairs of storage disks, wherein the coupling degree of each pair of storage disks is less than a predetermined coupling threshold; and
in response to determining that a ratio of the first number to a total number of pairs of storage disks of the set of storage disks is greater than a predetermined ratio threshold, reorganizing at least one RAID in the set of RAIDs. 8. The device according to claim 7, wherein determining the first number comprises:
determining an average value of the set of association degrees; and determining the first number of association degrees from the set of association degrees, wherein a difference between each of the first number of association degrees and the average value is greater than or equal to a predetermined difference threshold. 9. The device according to claim 8, wherein the difference threshold is determined based on a standard deviation of the set of association degrees. 10. The device according to claim 7, wherein the reorganizing comprises:
moving data associated with a source storage block in the at least one RAID into a target storage block, a first storage disk corresponding to the source storage block being different from a second storage disk corresponding to the target storage block. 11. The device according to claim 10, wherein a sum of at least one association degree associated with the first storage disk is greater than a first predetermined threshold, and wherein a sum of at least one association degree associated with the second storage disk is less than a second predetermined threshold. 12. The device according to claim 7, the acts further comprising:
providing a graphical representation of the set of association degrees. 13. A computer program product being stored in a non-transitory computer storage medium and comprising machine-executable instructions which, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform acts comprising:
determining a set of association degrees associated with a set of storage disks, the set of storage disks forming a set of Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks (RAIDs), and an association degree of the set of association degrees indicating a coupling degree of a pair of storage disks in the set of storage disks, the coupling degree being determined based on a number of RAIDs associated with the pair of storage disks; determining a first number of pairs of storage disks, wherein the coupling degree of each pair of storage disks is less than a predetermined coupling threshold; and in response to determining that a ratio of the first number to a total number of pairs of storage disks of the set of storage disks is greater than a predetermined ratio threshold, reorganizing at least one RAID in the set of RAIDs. 14. The computer program product according to claim 13, wherein determining the first number comprises:
determining an average value of the set of association degrees; and determining the first number of association degrees from the set of association degrees, wherein a difference between each of the first number of association degrees and the average value is greater than or equal to a predetermined difference threshold. 15. The computer program product according to claim 14, wherein the difference threshold is determined based on a standard deviation of the set of association degrees. 16. The computer program product according to claim 13, wherein the reorganizing comprises:
moving data associated with a source storage block in the at least one RAID into a target storage block, a first storage disk corresponding to the source storage block being different from a second storage disk corresponding to the target storage block. 17. The computer program product according to claim 16, wherein a sum of at least one association degree associated with the first storage disk is greater than a first predetermined threshold, and wherein a sum of at least one association degree associated with the second storage disk is less than a second predetermined threshold. 18. The computer program product according to claim 13, the acts further comprising:
providing a graphical representation of the set of association degrees. | 1,600 |
349,154 | 16,806,727 | 1,622 | Methods and systems for deep learning based image reconstruction are disclosed herein. An example method includes receiving a set of imaging projections data, identifying a voxel to reconstruct, receiving a trained regression model, and reconstructing the voxel. The voxel is reconstructed by: projecting the voxel on each imaging projection in the set of imaging projections according to an acquisition geometry, extracting adjacent pixels around each projected voxel, feeding the regression model with the extracted adjacent pixel data to produce a reconstructed value of the voxel, and repeating the reconstruction for each voxel to be reconstructed to produce a reconstructed image. | 1. A system comprising:
a regression model trainer to train a regression model; a pixel identifier to identify a pixel to be reconstructed; a volume receiver to receive a volume; and a pixel reconstructor including:
a pixel mapper to map the pixel onto voxels from the volume according to an acquisition geometry;
an adjacent voxel extractor to extract adjacent voxels around each mapped pixel; and
a regression model feeder to feed the regression model with the extracted adjacent voxel data to produce a reconstructed value of the pixel. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the regression model trainer includes:
a database including acquired projection data and a 2D mammogram acquired under the same compression, the regression model trained to output a 2D image approximately identical to the 2D mammogram when fed with the projections; or a database including simulated projection data and a simulated 2D mammogram acquired under the same compression from a digital anthropomorphic phantom, the regression model trained to output a 2D image approximately identical to the simulated 2D mammogram when fed with the simulated projections. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the regression model trainer includes:
a Digital Anthropomorphic Phantom (DAP) Modeler including an acquisition simulator, an algorithm creator, and a DAP database; a Computed Tomography (CT) Modeler including an acquisition simulator, an algorithm creator, and a CT database; and an Algorithm Modifier including an acquisition reconstructor and an algorithm database. 4. The system of claim 1, further including a feedback generator to identify when a mistake has been made on the reconstructed image and, when the mistake is identified, to communicate to the regression model trainer to re-train the regression model. 5. The system of claim 1, further including a reconstructed value producer to produce a reconstructed value for each reconstructed pixel or voxel, the reconstructed values used to produce the reconstructed image volume. 6. The system of claim 1, further including a user interface, the user interface to display the reconstructed image pixels. 7. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed, cause a machine to at least:
receive a volume; identify a pixel to reconstruct; receive a trained regression model; and reconstruct the pixel by:
mapping the pixel onto voxels from the volume according to an acquisition geometry;
extracting adjacent voxels around each mapped pixel;
feeding the regression model with the extracted adjacent voxel data to produce a reconstructed value of the pixel; and
repeating the reconstruction for each pixel to be reconstructed. 8. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein the regression model is trained on at least one of:
a database including acquired projection data and a 2D mammogram acquired under the same compression, the regression model trained to output a 2D image approximately identical to the 2D mammogram when fed with the projections; or a database including simulated projection data and a simulated 2D mammogram acquired under the same compression from a digital anthropomorphic phantom, the regression model trained to output a 2D image approximately identical to the simulated 2D mammogram when fed with the simulated projections. 9. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein the regression model is trained on at least one of:
a database including digital anthropomorphic phantoms and simulated projection data obtained from the phantoms for a given acquisition geometry, the regression model trained to output a volume approximately identical to the anthropomorphic phantom when fed with the simulated projections; a database including computed tomography (CT) reconstructed data and simulated projections data obtained from the CT reconstruction data, the regression model trained to output a volume approximately identical to the CT reconstructed data when fed with the simulated projections; or a database including acquired projection data and reconstructed data from these projection data with a given reconstruction algorithm, the regression model trained to output a volume approximately identical to the reconstructed data when fed with the acquired projections 10. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 7, further including instructions which, when executed, cause a machine to identify a mistake within the reconstructed image and, when the mistake is identified, to communicate with the regression model trainer to re-train the regression model. 11. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 7, further including instructions which, when executed cause a machine to produce a reconstructed image onto a user interface using the reconstructed pixel values. 12. A method comprising:
receiving a set of imaging projection data; receiving a volume; identifying a pixel to reconstruct; receiving a trained regression model; and reconstructing the pixel by:
mapping the pixel onto each imaging projection in the set of projections according to an acquisition geometry;
mapping the pixel onto voxels from the volume according to an acquisition geometry;
extracting adjacent pixels around each mapped pixel in the projections;
extracting adjacent voxels around each mapped pixel in the volume;
feeding the regression model with the extracted adjacent pixel data and extracted adjacent voxel data to produce a reconstructed value of the pixel; and
repeating the reconstruction for each pixel to be reconstructed. 13. The method of claim 12, further including training the regression model on at least one of:
a database including acquired projection data and a 2D mammogram acquired under the same compression, the regression model trained to output a 2D image approximately identical to the 2D mammogram when fed with the projections; or a database including simulated projection data and a simulated 2D mammogram acquired under the same compression from a digital anthropomorphic phantom, the regression model trained to output a 2D image approximately identical to the simulated 2D mammogram when fed with the simulated projections. 14. The method of claim 12, further including training the regression model on at least one of:
a database including digital anthropomorphic phantoms and simulated projection data obtained from the phantoms for a given acquisition geometry, the regression model trained to output a volume approximately identical to the anthropomorphic phantom when fed with the simulated projections; a database including computed tomography (CT) reconstructed data and simulated projections data obtained from the CT reconstruction data, the regression model trained to output a volume approximately identical to the CT reconstructed data when fed with the simulated projections; or a database including acquired projection data and reconstructed data from these projection data with a given reconstruction algorithm, the regression model trained to output a volume approximately identical to the reconstructed data when fed with the acquired projections. 15. The method of claim 12, further including displaying a reconstructed image onto a user interface using the reconstructed values. 16. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed, cause a machine to at least:
receive a set of imaging projections data; receive a volume; identify a pixel to reconstruct; receive a trained regression model; and reconstruct the pixel by:
mapping the pixel onto each imaging projection in the set of imaging projections according to an acquisition geometry;
mapping the pixel onto voxels from the volume according to an acquisition geometry;
extracting adjacent pixels around each mapped pixel in the projections;
extracting adjacent voxels around the mapped pixel in the volume;
feeding the regression model with the extracted adjacent pixel data and the extracted adjacent voxel data to produce a reconstructed value of the pixel; and
repeating the reconstruction for each pixel to be reconstructed. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the regression model is trained on at least one of:
a database including acquired projection data and a 2D mammogram acquired under the same compression, the regression model trained to output a 2D image approximately identical to the 2D mammogram when fed with the projections; or a database including simulated projection data and a simulated 2D mammogram acquired under the same compression from a digital anthropomorphic phantom, the regression model trained to output a 2D image approximately identical to the simulated 2D mammogram when fed with the simulated projections. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the regression model is trained on at least one of:
a database including digital anthropomorphic phantoms and simulated projection data obtained from the phantoms for a given acquisition geometry, the regression model trained to output a volume approximately identical to the anthropomorphic phantom when fed with the simulated projections; a database including computed tomography (CT) reconstructed data and simulated projections data obtained from the CT reconstruction data, the regression model trained to output a volume approximately identical to the CT reconstructed data when fed with the simulated projections; or a database including acquired projection data and reconstructed data from these projection data with a given reconstruction algorithm, the regression model trained to output a volume approximately identical to the reconstructed data when fed with the acquired projections 19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16, further including instructions which, when executed, cause a machine to identify a mistake within the reconstructed image and communicate with the regression model trainer to re-train the regression model. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16, further including instructions which, when executed cause a machine to produce a reconstructed image onto a user interface using the reconstructed pixels. | Methods and systems for deep learning based image reconstruction are disclosed herein. An example method includes receiving a set of imaging projections data, identifying a voxel to reconstruct, receiving a trained regression model, and reconstructing the voxel. The voxel is reconstructed by: projecting the voxel on each imaging projection in the set of imaging projections according to an acquisition geometry, extracting adjacent pixels around each projected voxel, feeding the regression model with the extracted adjacent pixel data to produce a reconstructed value of the voxel, and repeating the reconstruction for each voxel to be reconstructed to produce a reconstructed image.1. A system comprising:
a regression model trainer to train a regression model; a pixel identifier to identify a pixel to be reconstructed; a volume receiver to receive a volume; and a pixel reconstructor including:
a pixel mapper to map the pixel onto voxels from the volume according to an acquisition geometry;
an adjacent voxel extractor to extract adjacent voxels around each mapped pixel; and
a regression model feeder to feed the regression model with the extracted adjacent voxel data to produce a reconstructed value of the pixel. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the regression model trainer includes:
a database including acquired projection data and a 2D mammogram acquired under the same compression, the regression model trained to output a 2D image approximately identical to the 2D mammogram when fed with the projections; or a database including simulated projection data and a simulated 2D mammogram acquired under the same compression from a digital anthropomorphic phantom, the regression model trained to output a 2D image approximately identical to the simulated 2D mammogram when fed with the simulated projections. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the regression model trainer includes:
a Digital Anthropomorphic Phantom (DAP) Modeler including an acquisition simulator, an algorithm creator, and a DAP database; a Computed Tomography (CT) Modeler including an acquisition simulator, an algorithm creator, and a CT database; and an Algorithm Modifier including an acquisition reconstructor and an algorithm database. 4. The system of claim 1, further including a feedback generator to identify when a mistake has been made on the reconstructed image and, when the mistake is identified, to communicate to the regression model trainer to re-train the regression model. 5. The system of claim 1, further including a reconstructed value producer to produce a reconstructed value for each reconstructed pixel or voxel, the reconstructed values used to produce the reconstructed image volume. 6. The system of claim 1, further including a user interface, the user interface to display the reconstructed image pixels. 7. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed, cause a machine to at least:
receive a volume; identify a pixel to reconstruct; receive a trained regression model; and reconstruct the pixel by:
mapping the pixel onto voxels from the volume according to an acquisition geometry;
extracting adjacent voxels around each mapped pixel;
feeding the regression model with the extracted adjacent voxel data to produce a reconstructed value of the pixel; and
repeating the reconstruction for each pixel to be reconstructed. 8. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein the regression model is trained on at least one of:
a database including acquired projection data and a 2D mammogram acquired under the same compression, the regression model trained to output a 2D image approximately identical to the 2D mammogram when fed with the projections; or a database including simulated projection data and a simulated 2D mammogram acquired under the same compression from a digital anthropomorphic phantom, the regression model trained to output a 2D image approximately identical to the simulated 2D mammogram when fed with the simulated projections. 9. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein the regression model is trained on at least one of:
a database including digital anthropomorphic phantoms and simulated projection data obtained from the phantoms for a given acquisition geometry, the regression model trained to output a volume approximately identical to the anthropomorphic phantom when fed with the simulated projections; a database including computed tomography (CT) reconstructed data and simulated projections data obtained from the CT reconstruction data, the regression model trained to output a volume approximately identical to the CT reconstructed data when fed with the simulated projections; or a database including acquired projection data and reconstructed data from these projection data with a given reconstruction algorithm, the regression model trained to output a volume approximately identical to the reconstructed data when fed with the acquired projections 10. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 7, further including instructions which, when executed, cause a machine to identify a mistake within the reconstructed image and, when the mistake is identified, to communicate with the regression model trainer to re-train the regression model. 11. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 7, further including instructions which, when executed cause a machine to produce a reconstructed image onto a user interface using the reconstructed pixel values. 12. A method comprising:
receiving a set of imaging projection data; receiving a volume; identifying a pixel to reconstruct; receiving a trained regression model; and reconstructing the pixel by:
mapping the pixel onto each imaging projection in the set of projections according to an acquisition geometry;
mapping the pixel onto voxels from the volume according to an acquisition geometry;
extracting adjacent pixels around each mapped pixel in the projections;
extracting adjacent voxels around each mapped pixel in the volume;
feeding the regression model with the extracted adjacent pixel data and extracted adjacent voxel data to produce a reconstructed value of the pixel; and
repeating the reconstruction for each pixel to be reconstructed. 13. The method of claim 12, further including training the regression model on at least one of:
a database including acquired projection data and a 2D mammogram acquired under the same compression, the regression model trained to output a 2D image approximately identical to the 2D mammogram when fed with the projections; or a database including simulated projection data and a simulated 2D mammogram acquired under the same compression from a digital anthropomorphic phantom, the regression model trained to output a 2D image approximately identical to the simulated 2D mammogram when fed with the simulated projections. 14. The method of claim 12, further including training the regression model on at least one of:
a database including digital anthropomorphic phantoms and simulated projection data obtained from the phantoms for a given acquisition geometry, the regression model trained to output a volume approximately identical to the anthropomorphic phantom when fed with the simulated projections; a database including computed tomography (CT) reconstructed data and simulated projections data obtained from the CT reconstruction data, the regression model trained to output a volume approximately identical to the CT reconstructed data when fed with the simulated projections; or a database including acquired projection data and reconstructed data from these projection data with a given reconstruction algorithm, the regression model trained to output a volume approximately identical to the reconstructed data when fed with the acquired projections. 15. The method of claim 12, further including displaying a reconstructed image onto a user interface using the reconstructed values. 16. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed, cause a machine to at least:
receive a set of imaging projections data; receive a volume; identify a pixel to reconstruct; receive a trained regression model; and reconstruct the pixel by:
mapping the pixel onto each imaging projection in the set of imaging projections according to an acquisition geometry;
mapping the pixel onto voxels from the volume according to an acquisition geometry;
extracting adjacent pixels around each mapped pixel in the projections;
extracting adjacent voxels around the mapped pixel in the volume;
feeding the regression model with the extracted adjacent pixel data and the extracted adjacent voxel data to produce a reconstructed value of the pixel; and
repeating the reconstruction for each pixel to be reconstructed. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the regression model is trained on at least one of:
a database including acquired projection data and a 2D mammogram acquired under the same compression, the regression model trained to output a 2D image approximately identical to the 2D mammogram when fed with the projections; or a database including simulated projection data and a simulated 2D mammogram acquired under the same compression from a digital anthropomorphic phantom, the regression model trained to output a 2D image approximately identical to the simulated 2D mammogram when fed with the simulated projections. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the regression model is trained on at least one of:
a database including digital anthropomorphic phantoms and simulated projection data obtained from the phantoms for a given acquisition geometry, the regression model trained to output a volume approximately identical to the anthropomorphic phantom when fed with the simulated projections; a database including computed tomography (CT) reconstructed data and simulated projections data obtained from the CT reconstruction data, the regression model trained to output a volume approximately identical to the CT reconstructed data when fed with the simulated projections; or a database including acquired projection data and reconstructed data from these projection data with a given reconstruction algorithm, the regression model trained to output a volume approximately identical to the reconstructed data when fed with the acquired projections 19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16, further including instructions which, when executed, cause a machine to identify a mistake within the reconstructed image and communicate with the regression model trainer to re-train the regression model. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16, further including instructions which, when executed cause a machine to produce a reconstructed image onto a user interface using the reconstructed pixels. | 1,600 |
349,155 | 16,806,709 | 1,622 | A system for prefetching data for a processor includes a processor core, a memory configured to store information for use by the processor core, a cache memory configured to fetch and store information from the memory, and a prefetch circuit. The prefetch circuit may be configured to issue a multi-group prefetch request to retrieve information from the memory to store in the cache memory using a predicted address. The multi-group prefetch request may include a depth value indicative of a number of fetch groups to retrieve. The prefetch circuit may also be configured to generate an accuracy value based on a cache hit rate of prefetched information over a particular time interval, and to modify the depth value based on the accuracy value. | 1. A system, comprising:
a processor core; a memory configured to store information for use by the processor core; a cache memory configured to fetch and store information from the memory; and a prefetch circuit configured to:
generate a multi-group prefetch request to retrieve information from the memory to store in the cache memory using a predicted address, wherein the prefetch circuit is further configured to assign, to the multi-group prefetch request, a current depth value that is indicative of a number of fetch groups to retrieve;
include a prefetch identifier with each of one or more cache lines that are filled in response to fulfilling the multi-group prefetch request;
in response to a hit to a particular cache line of the one or more cache lines:
increment a count value that indicates that the particular cache line has been used; and
clear the prefetch identifier from the particular cache line;
generate, using the count value, an accuracy value for a cache hit rate of prefetched information over a particular time interval;
modify the current depth value to an updated depth value in response to a determination that the accuracy value is outside of a particular range of accuracy values; and
assign the updated depth value to subsequently generated multi-group prefetch requests. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein to modify the current depth value, the prefetch circuit is further configured to:
increase the current depth value in response to a determination that the accuracy value satisfies an upper threshold value of the particular range of accuracy values; and decrease the current depth value in response to a determination that the accuracy value satisfies a lower threshold value of the particular range of accuracy values. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the prefetch circuit is further configured to increment a prefetch total value for each cache line filled using the multi-group prefetch request. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the prefetch circuit is further configured, in response to an end of the particular time interval, to:
determine an average count value and an average prefetch total value using the count value and the prefetch total value; and clear the count value and the prefetch total value. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein to determine the average count value, the prefetch circuit is further configured to:
divide each of the count value and a previously determined average count value by two; and add the divided values together to determine an updated average count value. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein to generate the accuracy value, the prefetch circuit is configured to divide the average count value by the average prefetch total value. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the prefetch circuit is further configured to process the multi-group prefetch request by issuing a single-group prefetch request for each of the indicated number of fetch groups. 8. A method, comprising:
assigning, by a prefetch circuit, a current depth value to a multi-group prefetch request for retrieving information from a memory to store into one or more cache lines of a cache memory, wherein the current depth value indicates a number of fetch groups to retrieve; in response to processing the multi-group prefetch request, including, by the prefetch circuit, a prefetch identifier in each of the one or more cache lines; in response to a hit to a particular cache line of the one or more cache lines:
incrementing, by the prefetch circuit, a count value that indicates that the particular cache line has been used; and
clearing, by the prefetch circuit, the prefetch identifier from the particular cache line;
generating, by the prefetch circuit, an accuracy value based on the count value; modifying, by the prefetch circuit, the current depth value to an updated depth value in response to a determination that the accuracy value is outside of a particular range of accuracy values; and assigning, by the prefetch circuit, the updated depth value to subsequently generated multi-group prefetch requests. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising incrementing, by the prefetch circuit, a total prefetch value in response to filling a cache line using a prefetch request. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising, in response to an end of a particular time interval:
determining an average count value and an average total prefetch value using the count value and the total prefetch value; and clearing the count value and the total prefetch value. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein determining the average total prefetch value includes determining, by the prefetch circuit an average of the count value and a previously determined average count value. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising dividing, by the prefetch circuit, the average count value by the average total prefetch value to generate the accuracy value. 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising processing, by the prefetch circuit, the multi-group prefetch request by issuing a single-group prefetch request for each of the indicated number of fetch groups. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
increasing the current depth value in response to determining that the accuracy value satisfies an upper threshold of the particular range of accuracy values; and decreasing the current depth value in response to determining that the accuracy value satisfies a lower threshold of the particular range of accuracy values. 15. An apparatus, comprising:
a prefetch generator circuit configured to:
generate a multi-group prefetch request that includes a current depth value that is indicative of a number of fetch groups to be retrieved from a memory and stored into one or more cache lines of a cache memory; and
in response to a processing of the multi-group prefetch request, include a prefetch identifier with each of the one or more cache lines;
an accuracy monitor circuit configured to:
in response to a hit to a particular cache line of the one or more cache lines:
increment a count value that indicates that the particular cache line has been used; and
clear the prefetch identifier from the particular cache line; and
generate, based on the count value, an accuracy value corresponding to a cache hit rate of prefetched cache lines; and
a depth adjustor circuit configured to:
in response to a determination that the accuracy value is outside of a particular range of accuracy values, modify the current depth value; and
assign the modified depth value to subsequently generated prefetch requests. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the accuracy monitor circuit is further configured to:
increment a prefetch total value for each cache line filled using the multi-group prefetch request; and in response to an end of a particular time interval, to:
determine an average count value and an average prefetch total value using the count value and the prefetch total value; and
clear the count value and the prefetch total value. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein to determine the average count value, the accuracy monitor circuit is further configured to determine an average of the count value and a previously determined average count value. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein to generate the accuracy value, the accuracy monitor circuit is configured to divide the average count value by the average prefetch total value. 19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the prefetch generator circuit is further configured to process the multi-group prefetch request by issuing a single-group prefetch request for each of the indicated number of fetch groups. 20. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein to modify the current depth value, the depth adjustor circuit is further configured to:
increase the current depth value in response to a determination that the accuracy value satisfies an upper threshold of the particular range of accuracy values; and decrease the current depth value in response to a determination that the accuracy value satisfies a lower threshold of the particular range of accuracy values. | A system for prefetching data for a processor includes a processor core, a memory configured to store information for use by the processor core, a cache memory configured to fetch and store information from the memory, and a prefetch circuit. The prefetch circuit may be configured to issue a multi-group prefetch request to retrieve information from the memory to store in the cache memory using a predicted address. The multi-group prefetch request may include a depth value indicative of a number of fetch groups to retrieve. The prefetch circuit may also be configured to generate an accuracy value based on a cache hit rate of prefetched information over a particular time interval, and to modify the depth value based on the accuracy value.1. A system, comprising:
a processor core; a memory configured to store information for use by the processor core; a cache memory configured to fetch and store information from the memory; and a prefetch circuit configured to:
generate a multi-group prefetch request to retrieve information from the memory to store in the cache memory using a predicted address, wherein the prefetch circuit is further configured to assign, to the multi-group prefetch request, a current depth value that is indicative of a number of fetch groups to retrieve;
include a prefetch identifier with each of one or more cache lines that are filled in response to fulfilling the multi-group prefetch request;
in response to a hit to a particular cache line of the one or more cache lines:
increment a count value that indicates that the particular cache line has been used; and
clear the prefetch identifier from the particular cache line;
generate, using the count value, an accuracy value for a cache hit rate of prefetched information over a particular time interval;
modify the current depth value to an updated depth value in response to a determination that the accuracy value is outside of a particular range of accuracy values; and
assign the updated depth value to subsequently generated multi-group prefetch requests. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein to modify the current depth value, the prefetch circuit is further configured to:
increase the current depth value in response to a determination that the accuracy value satisfies an upper threshold value of the particular range of accuracy values; and decrease the current depth value in response to a determination that the accuracy value satisfies a lower threshold value of the particular range of accuracy values. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the prefetch circuit is further configured to increment a prefetch total value for each cache line filled using the multi-group prefetch request. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the prefetch circuit is further configured, in response to an end of the particular time interval, to:
determine an average count value and an average prefetch total value using the count value and the prefetch total value; and clear the count value and the prefetch total value. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein to determine the average count value, the prefetch circuit is further configured to:
divide each of the count value and a previously determined average count value by two; and add the divided values together to determine an updated average count value. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein to generate the accuracy value, the prefetch circuit is configured to divide the average count value by the average prefetch total value. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the prefetch circuit is further configured to process the multi-group prefetch request by issuing a single-group prefetch request for each of the indicated number of fetch groups. 8. A method, comprising:
assigning, by a prefetch circuit, a current depth value to a multi-group prefetch request for retrieving information from a memory to store into one or more cache lines of a cache memory, wherein the current depth value indicates a number of fetch groups to retrieve; in response to processing the multi-group prefetch request, including, by the prefetch circuit, a prefetch identifier in each of the one or more cache lines; in response to a hit to a particular cache line of the one or more cache lines:
incrementing, by the prefetch circuit, a count value that indicates that the particular cache line has been used; and
clearing, by the prefetch circuit, the prefetch identifier from the particular cache line;
generating, by the prefetch circuit, an accuracy value based on the count value; modifying, by the prefetch circuit, the current depth value to an updated depth value in response to a determination that the accuracy value is outside of a particular range of accuracy values; and assigning, by the prefetch circuit, the updated depth value to subsequently generated multi-group prefetch requests. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising incrementing, by the prefetch circuit, a total prefetch value in response to filling a cache line using a prefetch request. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising, in response to an end of a particular time interval:
determining an average count value and an average total prefetch value using the count value and the total prefetch value; and clearing the count value and the total prefetch value. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein determining the average total prefetch value includes determining, by the prefetch circuit an average of the count value and a previously determined average count value. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising dividing, by the prefetch circuit, the average count value by the average total prefetch value to generate the accuracy value. 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising processing, by the prefetch circuit, the multi-group prefetch request by issuing a single-group prefetch request for each of the indicated number of fetch groups. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
increasing the current depth value in response to determining that the accuracy value satisfies an upper threshold of the particular range of accuracy values; and decreasing the current depth value in response to determining that the accuracy value satisfies a lower threshold of the particular range of accuracy values. 15. An apparatus, comprising:
a prefetch generator circuit configured to:
generate a multi-group prefetch request that includes a current depth value that is indicative of a number of fetch groups to be retrieved from a memory and stored into one or more cache lines of a cache memory; and
in response to a processing of the multi-group prefetch request, include a prefetch identifier with each of the one or more cache lines;
an accuracy monitor circuit configured to:
in response to a hit to a particular cache line of the one or more cache lines:
increment a count value that indicates that the particular cache line has been used; and
clear the prefetch identifier from the particular cache line; and
generate, based on the count value, an accuracy value corresponding to a cache hit rate of prefetched cache lines; and
a depth adjustor circuit configured to:
in response to a determination that the accuracy value is outside of a particular range of accuracy values, modify the current depth value; and
assign the modified depth value to subsequently generated prefetch requests. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the accuracy monitor circuit is further configured to:
increment a prefetch total value for each cache line filled using the multi-group prefetch request; and in response to an end of a particular time interval, to:
determine an average count value and an average prefetch total value using the count value and the prefetch total value; and
clear the count value and the prefetch total value. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein to determine the average count value, the accuracy monitor circuit is further configured to determine an average of the count value and a previously determined average count value. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein to generate the accuracy value, the accuracy monitor circuit is configured to divide the average count value by the average prefetch total value. 19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the prefetch generator circuit is further configured to process the multi-group prefetch request by issuing a single-group prefetch request for each of the indicated number of fetch groups. 20. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein to modify the current depth value, the depth adjustor circuit is further configured to:
increase the current depth value in response to a determination that the accuracy value satisfies an upper threshold of the particular range of accuracy values; and decrease the current depth value in response to a determination that the accuracy value satisfies a lower threshold of the particular range of accuracy values. | 1,600 |
349,156 | 16,806,724 | 1,622 | An article of luggage includes a wall including flaps extending therefrom and a bottom tray. The bottom tray includes a fastener on an inside of the bottom tray to fasten the flaps to the bottom tray, integrated wheel wells, and slots to receive the flaps extending from the wall and allow the flaps to pass from an outside of the bottom tray to the inside of the bottom tray to attach the wall to the bottom tray. | 1. An article of luggage comprising:
a wall including flaps extending therefrom; and a bottom tray including:
a fastener on an inside of the bottom tray to fasten the flaps to the bottom tray;
a plurality of integrated wheel wells; and
a plurality of slots to receive the flaps extending from the wall and allow the flaps to pass from an outside of the bottom tray to the inside of the bottom tray to attach the wall to the bottom tray. 2. The article of luggage of claim 1, wherein the fastener includes a boss. 3. The article of luggage of claim 2, wherein the boss is raised to mate with a hole in a flap extending from the wall. 4. The article of luggage of claim 2, wherein the boss is to temporarily hold down the flap extending from the wall during manufacture. 5. The article of luggage of claim 1, wherein a material of the bottom tray includes a hard plastic. 6. The article of luggage of claim 1, wherein a material of the bottom tray includes a lightweight metal. 7. The article of luggage of claim 1, wherein the wall includes a fabric. 8. The article of luggage of claim 1, wherein the bottom tray has a unitary construction. 9. The article of luggage of claim 1, wherein the bottom tray is injection molded. 10. The article of luggage of claim 1, wherein the bottom tray includes a reinforcing section. 11. The article of luggage of claim 10, wherein the reinforcing section includes a ridge. 12. The article of luggage of claim 1, wherein the bottom tray includes a plurality of apertures to reduce weight. 13. The article of luggage of claim 1, wherein the bottom tray includes a secure attachment point for a telescopic handle. 14. The article of luggage of claim 1, wherein the bottom tray includes a plurality of integrated interlock extensions. | An article of luggage includes a wall including flaps extending therefrom and a bottom tray. The bottom tray includes a fastener on an inside of the bottom tray to fasten the flaps to the bottom tray, integrated wheel wells, and slots to receive the flaps extending from the wall and allow the flaps to pass from an outside of the bottom tray to the inside of the bottom tray to attach the wall to the bottom tray.1. An article of luggage comprising:
a wall including flaps extending therefrom; and a bottom tray including:
a fastener on an inside of the bottom tray to fasten the flaps to the bottom tray;
a plurality of integrated wheel wells; and
a plurality of slots to receive the flaps extending from the wall and allow the flaps to pass from an outside of the bottom tray to the inside of the bottom tray to attach the wall to the bottom tray. 2. The article of luggage of claim 1, wherein the fastener includes a boss. 3. The article of luggage of claim 2, wherein the boss is raised to mate with a hole in a flap extending from the wall. 4. The article of luggage of claim 2, wherein the boss is to temporarily hold down the flap extending from the wall during manufacture. 5. The article of luggage of claim 1, wherein a material of the bottom tray includes a hard plastic. 6. The article of luggage of claim 1, wherein a material of the bottom tray includes a lightweight metal. 7. The article of luggage of claim 1, wherein the wall includes a fabric. 8. The article of luggage of claim 1, wherein the bottom tray has a unitary construction. 9. The article of luggage of claim 1, wherein the bottom tray is injection molded. 10. The article of luggage of claim 1, wherein the bottom tray includes a reinforcing section. 11. The article of luggage of claim 10, wherein the reinforcing section includes a ridge. 12. The article of luggage of claim 1, wherein the bottom tray includes a plurality of apertures to reduce weight. 13. The article of luggage of claim 1, wherein the bottom tray includes a secure attachment point for a telescopic handle. 14. The article of luggage of claim 1, wherein the bottom tray includes a plurality of integrated interlock extensions. | 1,600 |
349,157 | 16,806,713 | 1,622 | An image forming apparatus determines a correction value for correcting an output value of each of first spectral sensors, based on a measurement result of a first measurement image acquired by the first spectral sensors and a measurement result of the first measurement image acquired by a second spectral sensor while the second spectral sensor is being moved, corrects, using the determined correction value, an output value output from each of the plurality of first spectral sensors by measuring a second measurement image, and modifies an image forming condition based on the corrected output value. | 1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a conveyance unit configured to convey a sheet in a first direction; an image forming unit configured to form an image on the sheet; a plurality of first spectral sensors configured to measure a first measurement image formed by the image forming unit on the sheet along a second direction intersecting the first direction; a second spectral sensor configured to measure the first measurement image formed on the sheet; a movement unit configured to move the second spectral sensor along a third direction intersecting the first direction; and a controller configured to determine a correction value for correcting an output value of each of the plurality of first spectral sensors, based on a measurement result of the first measurement image acquired by the plurality of first spectral sensors and a measurement result of the first measurement image acquired by the second spectral sensor while the second spectral sensor is being moved in the third direction by the movement unit, correct, using the determined correction value, the output value output from each of the plurality of first spectral sensors by measuring a second measurement image that is formed by the image forming unit and that is for modifying an image forming condition of the image forming unit, and modify the image forming condition based on the output value corrected by the correction unit. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of first spectral sensors are all spectral sensors of the same specification, and each of the plurality of first spectral sensors further comprises a light emitting element configured to output light onto the sheet, and a light receiving element configured to receive reflected light from the sheet or an image formed on the sheet, and the controller is further configured to calculate a spectral reflectance based on a light reception result of the light receiving element, calculate a chromaticity, which is the output value, based on the spectral reflectance, and correct the output value by correcting the spectral reflectance or the chromaticity using the correction value. 3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of first spectral sensors and the second spectral sensor are all spectral sensors of the same specification, and the plurality of first spectral sensors and the second spectral sensor each further comprises a light emitting element configured to output light onto the sheet, and a light receiving element configured to receive reflected light from the sheet or an image formed on the sheet, and the controller is further configured to calculate a spectral reflectance based on a light reception result of the light receiving element, calculate a chromaticity based on the spectral reflectance, and correct the output value by correcting the spectral reflectance or the chromaticity of each of the plurality of first spectral sensors using the correction value. 4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the correction value is an offset value added to the chromaticity. 5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the correction value is a coefficient multiplied with the chromaticity. 6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the output value is L*a*b* data in an L*a*b* color space, and the controller is further configured to generate a conversion table for converting the output value into an output value corrected by the correction value and convert the output value into the corrected output value using the conversion table. 7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the light receiving element has n pixels arranged or configured to receive light of different wavelengths, and the controller is further configured to correct an output value for, from among the n pixels, m pixels (n>=m) that receive light of wavelengths in a predetermined range. 8. The image forming apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the n pixels are arranged so as to receive light at wavelengths ranging from 380 nanometers to 720 nanometers, and the m pixels are arranged so as to receive light at wavelengths in a range from 400 nanometers to 700 nanometers. 9. The image forming apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the n pixels are arranged to receive light at wavelengths in a range from 380 nanometers to 720 nanometers, and the m pixels are arranged to receive light at wavelengths in a range from 500 nanometers to 550 nanometers. 10. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
at least two spectral sensors of the plurality of first spectral sensors are arranged along the second direction. 11. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the second direction is orthogonal to the first direction. 12. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the third direction is parallel to the second direction. 13. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the movement unit is further configured to reciprocate the second spectral sensor along the third direction, and the second spectral sensor is further configured to measure the first measurement image in a forward path and a return path in the reciprocating motion. | An image forming apparatus determines a correction value for correcting an output value of each of first spectral sensors, based on a measurement result of a first measurement image acquired by the first spectral sensors and a measurement result of the first measurement image acquired by a second spectral sensor while the second spectral sensor is being moved, corrects, using the determined correction value, an output value output from each of the plurality of first spectral sensors by measuring a second measurement image, and modifies an image forming condition based on the corrected output value.1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a conveyance unit configured to convey a sheet in a first direction; an image forming unit configured to form an image on the sheet; a plurality of first spectral sensors configured to measure a first measurement image formed by the image forming unit on the sheet along a second direction intersecting the first direction; a second spectral sensor configured to measure the first measurement image formed on the sheet; a movement unit configured to move the second spectral sensor along a third direction intersecting the first direction; and a controller configured to determine a correction value for correcting an output value of each of the plurality of first spectral sensors, based on a measurement result of the first measurement image acquired by the plurality of first spectral sensors and a measurement result of the first measurement image acquired by the second spectral sensor while the second spectral sensor is being moved in the third direction by the movement unit, correct, using the determined correction value, the output value output from each of the plurality of first spectral sensors by measuring a second measurement image that is formed by the image forming unit and that is for modifying an image forming condition of the image forming unit, and modify the image forming condition based on the output value corrected by the correction unit. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of first spectral sensors are all spectral sensors of the same specification, and each of the plurality of first spectral sensors further comprises a light emitting element configured to output light onto the sheet, and a light receiving element configured to receive reflected light from the sheet or an image formed on the sheet, and the controller is further configured to calculate a spectral reflectance based on a light reception result of the light receiving element, calculate a chromaticity, which is the output value, based on the spectral reflectance, and correct the output value by correcting the spectral reflectance or the chromaticity using the correction value. 3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of first spectral sensors and the second spectral sensor are all spectral sensors of the same specification, and the plurality of first spectral sensors and the second spectral sensor each further comprises a light emitting element configured to output light onto the sheet, and a light receiving element configured to receive reflected light from the sheet or an image formed on the sheet, and the controller is further configured to calculate a spectral reflectance based on a light reception result of the light receiving element, calculate a chromaticity based on the spectral reflectance, and correct the output value by correcting the spectral reflectance or the chromaticity of each of the plurality of first spectral sensors using the correction value. 4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the correction value is an offset value added to the chromaticity. 5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the correction value is a coefficient multiplied with the chromaticity. 6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the output value is L*a*b* data in an L*a*b* color space, and the controller is further configured to generate a conversion table for converting the output value into an output value corrected by the correction value and convert the output value into the corrected output value using the conversion table. 7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the light receiving element has n pixels arranged or configured to receive light of different wavelengths, and the controller is further configured to correct an output value for, from among the n pixels, m pixels (n>=m) that receive light of wavelengths in a predetermined range. 8. The image forming apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the n pixels are arranged so as to receive light at wavelengths ranging from 380 nanometers to 720 nanometers, and the m pixels are arranged so as to receive light at wavelengths in a range from 400 nanometers to 700 nanometers. 9. The image forming apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the n pixels are arranged to receive light at wavelengths in a range from 380 nanometers to 720 nanometers, and the m pixels are arranged to receive light at wavelengths in a range from 500 nanometers to 550 nanometers. 10. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
at least two spectral sensors of the plurality of first spectral sensors are arranged along the second direction. 11. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the second direction is orthogonal to the first direction. 12. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the third direction is parallel to the second direction. 13. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the movement unit is further configured to reciprocate the second spectral sensor along the third direction, and the second spectral sensor is further configured to measure the first measurement image in a forward path and a return path in the reciprocating motion. | 1,600 |
349,158 | 16,806,708 | 1,622 | An image forming apparatus determines a correction value for correcting an output value of each of first spectral sensors, based on a measurement result of a first measurement image acquired by the first spectral sensors and a measurement result of the first measurement image acquired by a second spectral sensor while the second spectral sensor is being moved, corrects, using the determined correction value, an output value output from each of the plurality of first spectral sensors by measuring a second measurement image, and modifies an image forming condition based on the corrected output value. | 1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a conveyance unit configured to convey a sheet in a first direction; an image forming unit configured to form an image on the sheet; a plurality of first spectral sensors configured to measure a first measurement image formed by the image forming unit on the sheet along a second direction intersecting the first direction; a second spectral sensor configured to measure the first measurement image formed on the sheet; a movement unit configured to move the second spectral sensor along a third direction intersecting the first direction; and a controller configured to determine a correction value for correcting an output value of each of the plurality of first spectral sensors, based on a measurement result of the first measurement image acquired by the plurality of first spectral sensors and a measurement result of the first measurement image acquired by the second spectral sensor while the second spectral sensor is being moved in the third direction by the movement unit, correct, using the determined correction value, the output value output from each of the plurality of first spectral sensors by measuring a second measurement image that is formed by the image forming unit and that is for modifying an image forming condition of the image forming unit, and modify the image forming condition based on the output value corrected by the correction unit. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of first spectral sensors are all spectral sensors of the same specification, and each of the plurality of first spectral sensors further comprises a light emitting element configured to output light onto the sheet, and a light receiving element configured to receive reflected light from the sheet or an image formed on the sheet, and the controller is further configured to calculate a spectral reflectance based on a light reception result of the light receiving element, calculate a chromaticity, which is the output value, based on the spectral reflectance, and correct the output value by correcting the spectral reflectance or the chromaticity using the correction value. 3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of first spectral sensors and the second spectral sensor are all spectral sensors of the same specification, and the plurality of first spectral sensors and the second spectral sensor each further comprises a light emitting element configured to output light onto the sheet, and a light receiving element configured to receive reflected light from the sheet or an image formed on the sheet, and the controller is further configured to calculate a spectral reflectance based on a light reception result of the light receiving element, calculate a chromaticity based on the spectral reflectance, and correct the output value by correcting the spectral reflectance or the chromaticity of each of the plurality of first spectral sensors using the correction value. 4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the correction value is an offset value added to the chromaticity. 5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the correction value is a coefficient multiplied with the chromaticity. 6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the output value is L*a*b* data in an L*a*b* color space, and the controller is further configured to generate a conversion table for converting the output value into an output value corrected by the correction value and convert the output value into the corrected output value using the conversion table. 7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the light receiving element has n pixels arranged or configured to receive light of different wavelengths, and the controller is further configured to correct an output value for, from among the n pixels, m pixels (n>=m) that receive light of wavelengths in a predetermined range. 8. The image forming apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the n pixels are arranged so as to receive light at wavelengths ranging from 380 nanometers to 720 nanometers, and the m pixels are arranged so as to receive light at wavelengths in a range from 400 nanometers to 700 nanometers. 9. The image forming apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the n pixels are arranged to receive light at wavelengths in a range from 380 nanometers to 720 nanometers, and the m pixels are arranged to receive light at wavelengths in a range from 500 nanometers to 550 nanometers. 10. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
at least two spectral sensors of the plurality of first spectral sensors are arranged along the second direction. 11. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the second direction is orthogonal to the first direction. 12. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the third direction is parallel to the second direction. 13. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the movement unit is further configured to reciprocate the second spectral sensor along the third direction, and the second spectral sensor is further configured to measure the first measurement image in a forward path and a return path in the reciprocating motion. | An image forming apparatus determines a correction value for correcting an output value of each of first spectral sensors, based on a measurement result of a first measurement image acquired by the first spectral sensors and a measurement result of the first measurement image acquired by a second spectral sensor while the second spectral sensor is being moved, corrects, using the determined correction value, an output value output from each of the plurality of first spectral sensors by measuring a second measurement image, and modifies an image forming condition based on the corrected output value.1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a conveyance unit configured to convey a sheet in a first direction; an image forming unit configured to form an image on the sheet; a plurality of first spectral sensors configured to measure a first measurement image formed by the image forming unit on the sheet along a second direction intersecting the first direction; a second spectral sensor configured to measure the first measurement image formed on the sheet; a movement unit configured to move the second spectral sensor along a third direction intersecting the first direction; and a controller configured to determine a correction value for correcting an output value of each of the plurality of first spectral sensors, based on a measurement result of the first measurement image acquired by the plurality of first spectral sensors and a measurement result of the first measurement image acquired by the second spectral sensor while the second spectral sensor is being moved in the third direction by the movement unit, correct, using the determined correction value, the output value output from each of the plurality of first spectral sensors by measuring a second measurement image that is formed by the image forming unit and that is for modifying an image forming condition of the image forming unit, and modify the image forming condition based on the output value corrected by the correction unit. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of first spectral sensors are all spectral sensors of the same specification, and each of the plurality of first spectral sensors further comprises a light emitting element configured to output light onto the sheet, and a light receiving element configured to receive reflected light from the sheet or an image formed on the sheet, and the controller is further configured to calculate a spectral reflectance based on a light reception result of the light receiving element, calculate a chromaticity, which is the output value, based on the spectral reflectance, and correct the output value by correcting the spectral reflectance or the chromaticity using the correction value. 3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of first spectral sensors and the second spectral sensor are all spectral sensors of the same specification, and the plurality of first spectral sensors and the second spectral sensor each further comprises a light emitting element configured to output light onto the sheet, and a light receiving element configured to receive reflected light from the sheet or an image formed on the sheet, and the controller is further configured to calculate a spectral reflectance based on a light reception result of the light receiving element, calculate a chromaticity based on the spectral reflectance, and correct the output value by correcting the spectral reflectance or the chromaticity of each of the plurality of first spectral sensors using the correction value. 4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the correction value is an offset value added to the chromaticity. 5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the correction value is a coefficient multiplied with the chromaticity. 6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the output value is L*a*b* data in an L*a*b* color space, and the controller is further configured to generate a conversion table for converting the output value into an output value corrected by the correction value and convert the output value into the corrected output value using the conversion table. 7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the light receiving element has n pixels arranged or configured to receive light of different wavelengths, and the controller is further configured to correct an output value for, from among the n pixels, m pixels (n>=m) that receive light of wavelengths in a predetermined range. 8. The image forming apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the n pixels are arranged so as to receive light at wavelengths ranging from 380 nanometers to 720 nanometers, and the m pixels are arranged so as to receive light at wavelengths in a range from 400 nanometers to 700 nanometers. 9. The image forming apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the n pixels are arranged to receive light at wavelengths in a range from 380 nanometers to 720 nanometers, and the m pixels are arranged to receive light at wavelengths in a range from 500 nanometers to 550 nanometers. 10. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
at least two spectral sensors of the plurality of first spectral sensors are arranged along the second direction. 11. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the second direction is orthogonal to the first direction. 12. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the third direction is parallel to the second direction. 13. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the movement unit is further configured to reciprocate the second spectral sensor along the third direction, and the second spectral sensor is further configured to measure the first measurement image in a forward path and a return path in the reciprocating motion. | 1,600 |
349,159 | 16,806,697 | 1,622 | A transportation vehicle, a system, apparatuses, methods, and a computer programs for user equipment and a network component of a mobile communication system. The method for a first user equipment (UE) of a first mobile communication system operated by a first operator includes transmitting information related to a subsequent direct communication with second user equipment to a network component of the first mobile communication system. The second UE is assigned to a second mobile communication system operated by a second operator. The method also includes receiving information related to a coordinating network component from the first network component. The coordinating network component is a network component of the first or the second mobile communication system. The method also includes receiving information related to radio resources to use for the communication with the second UE from the coordinating network component. | 1. An apparatus for first User Equipment (UE) of a first mobile communication system operated by a first operator, the apparatus comprising:
one or more interfaces configured to communicate in the first mobile communication system; and a control module configured to control the one or more interfaces, wherein the control module transmits information related to a subsequent direct communication with a second UE to a network component of the first mobile communication system, the second UE being assigned to a second mobile communication system operated by a second operator, receives information related to a coordinating network component from the first network component, the coordinating network component being a network component of the first or the second mobile communication system, receives information related to radio resources to use for the communication with the second UE from the coordinating network component, and receives a data packet from the network component of the first mobile communication system and forwarding the data packet to the second UE. 2. A transportation vehicle comprising the apparatus of claim 1. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the information related to the coordinating network component comprises information related to setting up a control link with the network component of the second mobile communication system in response to the coordinating network component being the network component of the second mobile communication system. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the information related to the radio resource is received via the network component of the first mobile communication system. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a communication link is enabled between the network components of the first and the second mobile communication systems via the second UE. 6. An apparatus for a network component of a first mobile communication system operated by a first operator, the apparatus comprising:
one or more interfaces to communicate in the mobile communication system; and a control module to control the one or more interfaces, wherein the control module receives information from a first User Equipment (UE) related to a subsequent direct communication with second UE being assigned to a second mobile communication system operated by a second operator, communicates with a network component of the second mobile communication system to determine a coordinating network component, the coordinating network component assigning radio resources for the communication between the first and second UEs, and transmits information related to the coordinating network component to the first UE, wherein the communicating with the network component of the second mobile communication system is carried out via the first and second UEs. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein a communication link is enabled between the network components of the first and the second mobile communication systems via the first and second UEs. 8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein a control interface is enabled between the network components of the first and the second mobile communication systems via the first and second UEs. 9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein a communication link is enabled between the network components of the first and the second mobile communication systems via core networks/backhauls of the first and second mobile communication systems. 10. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the coordinating network component assumes a master role of assigning the radio resources and the other network component assumes a slave role. 11. A method for a first user equipment (UE) of a first mobile communication system operated by a first operator, the method comprising:
transmitting information related to a subsequent direct communication with a second user equipment to a network component of the first mobile communication system, the second UE being assigned to a second mobile communication system operated by a second operator; receiving information related to a coordinating network component from the first network component, the coordinating network component being a network component of the first or the second mobile communication system; receiving information related to radio resources to use for the communication with the second UE from the coordinating network component; and receiving a data packet from the network component of the first mobile communication system and forwarding the data packet to the second UE. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the information related to the coordinating network component comprises information related to setting up a control link with the network component of the second mobile communication system in response to the coordinating network component being the network component of the second mobile communication system. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the information related to the radio resource is received via the network component of the first mobile communication system. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising enabling a communication link between the network components of the first and the second mobile communication systems via the second UE. 15. A method for a network component of a first mobile communication system operated by a first operator, the method comprising:
receiving information from a first User Equipment (UE) related to a subsequent direct communication with second UE being assigned to a second mobile communication system operated by a second operator; communicating with a network component of the second mobile communication system to determine a coordinating network component, the coordinating network component assigning radio resources for the communication between the first and second UEs; and transmitting information related to the coordinating network component to the first UE, wherein the communicating with the network component of the second mobile communication system is carried out via the first and second UEs. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising enabling a communication link between the network components of the first and the second mobile communication systems via the first and second UEs. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising enabling a control interface between the network components of the first and the second mobile communication systems via the first and second UEs. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising enabling a communication link between the network components of the first and the second mobile communication systems via core networks/backhauls of the first and second mobile communication systems. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the coordinating network component assumes a master role of assigning the radio resources and the other network component assumes a slave role. 20. A computer readable medium including a program having program code for performing a method for a first user equipment(UE) of a first mobile communication system operated by a first operator, when the computer program is executed on a computer, a processor, or a programmable hardware component, the method comprising:
transmitting information related to a subsequent direct communication with a second user equipment to a network component of the first mobile communication system, the second UE being assigned to a second mobile communication system operated by a second operator; receiving information related to a coordinating network component from the first network component, the coordinating network component being a network component of the first or the second mobile communication system; receiving information related to radio resources to use for the communication with the second UE from the coordinating network component; and receiving a data packet from the network component of the first mobile communication system and forwarding the data packet to the second UE. 21. A computer readable medium including a program having program code for performing a method for a network component of a first mobile communication system operated by a first operator, when the computer program is executed on a computer, a processor, or a programmable hardware component, the method comprising:
receiving information from a first User Equipment (UE) related to a subsequent direct communication with second UE being assigned to a second mobile communication system operated by a second operator; communicating with a network component of the second mobile communication system to determine a coordinating network component, the coordinating network component assigning radio resources for the communication between the first and second UEs; and transmitting information related to the coordinating network component to the first UE, wherein the communicating with the network component of the second mobile communication system is carried out via the first and second UEs. | A transportation vehicle, a system, apparatuses, methods, and a computer programs for user equipment and a network component of a mobile communication system. The method for a first user equipment (UE) of a first mobile communication system operated by a first operator includes transmitting information related to a subsequent direct communication with second user equipment to a network component of the first mobile communication system. The second UE is assigned to a second mobile communication system operated by a second operator. The method also includes receiving information related to a coordinating network component from the first network component. The coordinating network component is a network component of the first or the second mobile communication system. The method also includes receiving information related to radio resources to use for the communication with the second UE from the coordinating network component.1. An apparatus for first User Equipment (UE) of a first mobile communication system operated by a first operator, the apparatus comprising:
one or more interfaces configured to communicate in the first mobile communication system; and a control module configured to control the one or more interfaces, wherein the control module transmits information related to a subsequent direct communication with a second UE to a network component of the first mobile communication system, the second UE being assigned to a second mobile communication system operated by a second operator, receives information related to a coordinating network component from the first network component, the coordinating network component being a network component of the first or the second mobile communication system, receives information related to radio resources to use for the communication with the second UE from the coordinating network component, and receives a data packet from the network component of the first mobile communication system and forwarding the data packet to the second UE. 2. A transportation vehicle comprising the apparatus of claim 1. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the information related to the coordinating network component comprises information related to setting up a control link with the network component of the second mobile communication system in response to the coordinating network component being the network component of the second mobile communication system. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the information related to the radio resource is received via the network component of the first mobile communication system. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a communication link is enabled between the network components of the first and the second mobile communication systems via the second UE. 6. An apparatus for a network component of a first mobile communication system operated by a first operator, the apparatus comprising:
one or more interfaces to communicate in the mobile communication system; and a control module to control the one or more interfaces, wherein the control module receives information from a first User Equipment (UE) related to a subsequent direct communication with second UE being assigned to a second mobile communication system operated by a second operator, communicates with a network component of the second mobile communication system to determine a coordinating network component, the coordinating network component assigning radio resources for the communication between the first and second UEs, and transmits information related to the coordinating network component to the first UE, wherein the communicating with the network component of the second mobile communication system is carried out via the first and second UEs. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein a communication link is enabled between the network components of the first and the second mobile communication systems via the first and second UEs. 8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein a control interface is enabled between the network components of the first and the second mobile communication systems via the first and second UEs. 9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein a communication link is enabled between the network components of the first and the second mobile communication systems via core networks/backhauls of the first and second mobile communication systems. 10. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the coordinating network component assumes a master role of assigning the radio resources and the other network component assumes a slave role. 11. A method for a first user equipment (UE) of a first mobile communication system operated by a first operator, the method comprising:
transmitting information related to a subsequent direct communication with a second user equipment to a network component of the first mobile communication system, the second UE being assigned to a second mobile communication system operated by a second operator; receiving information related to a coordinating network component from the first network component, the coordinating network component being a network component of the first or the second mobile communication system; receiving information related to radio resources to use for the communication with the second UE from the coordinating network component; and receiving a data packet from the network component of the first mobile communication system and forwarding the data packet to the second UE. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the information related to the coordinating network component comprises information related to setting up a control link with the network component of the second mobile communication system in response to the coordinating network component being the network component of the second mobile communication system. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the information related to the radio resource is received via the network component of the first mobile communication system. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising enabling a communication link between the network components of the first and the second mobile communication systems via the second UE. 15. A method for a network component of a first mobile communication system operated by a first operator, the method comprising:
receiving information from a first User Equipment (UE) related to a subsequent direct communication with second UE being assigned to a second mobile communication system operated by a second operator; communicating with a network component of the second mobile communication system to determine a coordinating network component, the coordinating network component assigning radio resources for the communication between the first and second UEs; and transmitting information related to the coordinating network component to the first UE, wherein the communicating with the network component of the second mobile communication system is carried out via the first and second UEs. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising enabling a communication link between the network components of the first and the second mobile communication systems via the first and second UEs. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising enabling a control interface between the network components of the first and the second mobile communication systems via the first and second UEs. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising enabling a communication link between the network components of the first and the second mobile communication systems via core networks/backhauls of the first and second mobile communication systems. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the coordinating network component assumes a master role of assigning the radio resources and the other network component assumes a slave role. 20. A computer readable medium including a program having program code for performing a method for a first user equipment(UE) of a first mobile communication system operated by a first operator, when the computer program is executed on a computer, a processor, or a programmable hardware component, the method comprising:
transmitting information related to a subsequent direct communication with a second user equipment to a network component of the first mobile communication system, the second UE being assigned to a second mobile communication system operated by a second operator; receiving information related to a coordinating network component from the first network component, the coordinating network component being a network component of the first or the second mobile communication system; receiving information related to radio resources to use for the communication with the second UE from the coordinating network component; and receiving a data packet from the network component of the first mobile communication system and forwarding the data packet to the second UE. 21. A computer readable medium including a program having program code for performing a method for a network component of a first mobile communication system operated by a first operator, when the computer program is executed on a computer, a processor, or a programmable hardware component, the method comprising:
receiving information from a first User Equipment (UE) related to a subsequent direct communication with second UE being assigned to a second mobile communication system operated by a second operator; communicating with a network component of the second mobile communication system to determine a coordinating network component, the coordinating network component assigning radio resources for the communication between the first and second UEs; and transmitting information related to the coordinating network component to the first UE, wherein the communicating with the network component of the second mobile communication system is carried out via the first and second UEs. | 1,600 |
349,160 | 16,806,734 | 3,799 | A system enabling the performance of sensory stimulating content including music and video using gaining in a cyber reality environment, such as using a virtual reality headset. This disclosure includes a system and method through which a performer can virtually trigger and control a presentation of pre-packaged sensory stimulating content including musical programs through gaming. A theme for the performer is that the pre-packaged sensory stimulating content is preferably chosen such that, even where the performer is a novice, the sensory stimulating data is presented in a pleasing and sympathetic manner and scoring is provided as a function of the performer's ability to provide a gesture in association with a displayed virtual trigger. | 1. A device, comprising:
an electronic processor configured to generate a first signal as a function of virtual triggers selected by a user; the electronic processor configured to generate a second signal as a function of a plurality of music programs, wherein each said music program comprises sound elements comprising a subset of a musical composition, and the music programs are correlated to each other; the electronic processor configured to generate a score as a function of the user selecting the virtual triggers; and a cyber reality headset configured to display the virtual triggers and the score. | A system enabling the performance of sensory stimulating content including music and video using gaining in a cyber reality environment, such as using a virtual reality headset. This disclosure includes a system and method through which a performer can virtually trigger and control a presentation of pre-packaged sensory stimulating content including musical programs through gaming. A theme for the performer is that the pre-packaged sensory stimulating content is preferably chosen such that, even where the performer is a novice, the sensory stimulating data is presented in a pleasing and sympathetic manner and scoring is provided as a function of the performer's ability to provide a gesture in association with a displayed virtual trigger.1. A device, comprising:
an electronic processor configured to generate a first signal as a function of virtual triggers selected by a user; the electronic processor configured to generate a second signal as a function of a plurality of music programs, wherein each said music program comprises sound elements comprising a subset of a musical composition, and the music programs are correlated to each other; the electronic processor configured to generate a score as a function of the user selecting the virtual triggers; and a cyber reality headset configured to display the virtual triggers and the score. | 3,700 |
349,161 | 16,806,634 | 3,799 | A method in a wireless communication system is disclosed. More particularly, the method comprises the steps of: detecting first downlink control information from a base station; and, on the basis of the first downlink control information, receiving from the base station second downlink control information comprising scheduling information for uplink data transmission or downlink data reception, wherein the first downlink control information comprises an indicator for indicating whether the scheduling information is scheduling information of a transmission block level or scheduling information of one or more code block levels comprising the transmission block. | 1. A method of receiving downlink control information from a node at a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
receiving, from the node, first downlink control information including scheduling information for receiving a downlink data channel and information related to second downlink control information; and receiving, from the node, the second downlink control information, wherein contents of the second downlink control information is determined based on contents of the first downlink control information, wherein the second downlink control information is mapped within resource blocks scheduled the downlink data channel. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving the downlink data channel on the assumption that the downlink data channel is not mapped within at least one symbol in which the second downlink control information is included. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second downlink control information is demodulated based on quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK). 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the downlink data channel is demodulated based on information related to a modulation order included in the first downlink control information. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the information related to the second downlink control information indicates an aggregation level of the second downlink control information. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the information related to the second downlink control information indicates a size of the second downlink control information. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first downlink control information has a fixed size regardless of a size of the second downlink control information. 8. A user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the UE comprising:
at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising: receiving, from a node, first downlink control information including scheduling information for receiving a downlink data channel and information related to second downlink control information; and receiving, from the node, the second downlink control information, wherein contents of the second downlink control information is determined based on contents of the first downlink control information, wherein the second downlink control information is mapped within resource blocks scheduled the downlink data channel. 9. The UE of claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise receiving the downlink data channel on the assumption that the downlink data channel is not mapped within at least one symbol in which the second downlink control information is included. 10. The UE of claim 8, wherein the second downlink control information is demodulated based on quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK). 11. The UE of claim 10, wherein the downlink data channel is demodulated based on information related to a modulation order included in the first downlink control information. 12. The UE of claim 18, wherein the information related to the second downlink control information indicates an aggregation level of the second downlink control information. 13. The UE of claim 8, wherein the information related to the second downlink control information indicates a size of the second downlink control information. 14. The UE of claim 8, wherein the first downlink control information has a fixed size regardless of a size of the second downlink control information. | A method in a wireless communication system is disclosed. More particularly, the method comprises the steps of: detecting first downlink control information from a base station; and, on the basis of the first downlink control information, receiving from the base station second downlink control information comprising scheduling information for uplink data transmission or downlink data reception, wherein the first downlink control information comprises an indicator for indicating whether the scheduling information is scheduling information of a transmission block level or scheduling information of one or more code block levels comprising the transmission block.1. A method of receiving downlink control information from a node at a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
receiving, from the node, first downlink control information including scheduling information for receiving a downlink data channel and information related to second downlink control information; and receiving, from the node, the second downlink control information, wherein contents of the second downlink control information is determined based on contents of the first downlink control information, wherein the second downlink control information is mapped within resource blocks scheduled the downlink data channel. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving the downlink data channel on the assumption that the downlink data channel is not mapped within at least one symbol in which the second downlink control information is included. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second downlink control information is demodulated based on quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK). 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the downlink data channel is demodulated based on information related to a modulation order included in the first downlink control information. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the information related to the second downlink control information indicates an aggregation level of the second downlink control information. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the information related to the second downlink control information indicates a size of the second downlink control information. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first downlink control information has a fixed size regardless of a size of the second downlink control information. 8. A user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the UE comprising:
at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising: receiving, from a node, first downlink control information including scheduling information for receiving a downlink data channel and information related to second downlink control information; and receiving, from the node, the second downlink control information, wherein contents of the second downlink control information is determined based on contents of the first downlink control information, wherein the second downlink control information is mapped within resource blocks scheduled the downlink data channel. 9. The UE of claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise receiving the downlink data channel on the assumption that the downlink data channel is not mapped within at least one symbol in which the second downlink control information is included. 10. The UE of claim 8, wherein the second downlink control information is demodulated based on quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK). 11. The UE of claim 10, wherein the downlink data channel is demodulated based on information related to a modulation order included in the first downlink control information. 12. The UE of claim 18, wherein the information related to the second downlink control information indicates an aggregation level of the second downlink control information. 13. The UE of claim 8, wherein the information related to the second downlink control information indicates a size of the second downlink control information. 14. The UE of claim 8, wherein the first downlink control information has a fixed size regardless of a size of the second downlink control information. | 3,700 |
349,162 | 16,806,730 | 2,184 | According to one embodiment, a memory system is capable of being connected to a host. The memory system includes a nonvolatile memory and a controller that receives information regarding an operating state of the host. The controller controls the nonvolatile memory according to commands from the host and selects a parameter for interrupt coalescing for transmissions to the host of interrupts related to command completion notices for the commands from the host based on the information regarding the operating state of the host. | 1. A memory system capable of being connected to a host, the memory system comprising:
a nonvolatile memory; and a controller configured to:
receive information regarding an operating state of a host,
control the nonvolatile memory according to commands from the host, and
select a parameter for interrupt coalescing for transmissions to the host of interrupts related to command completion notices for the commands from the host based on the information regarding the operating state of the host. 2. The memory system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of nonvolatile memories; and a plurality of controllers, wherein each controller of the plurality of controllers is disposed on a separate chip with at least one nonvolatile memory of the plurality of nonvolatile memories. 3. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is capable of being connected to the host via a peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) bus and includes an optimized buffer flush/fill (OBFF) receiver to receive the information. 4. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to communicate with the host based on a non-volatile memory express (NVMe) standard. 5. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the parameter for interrupt coalescing is a number of command completion notices to be coalesced. 6. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the parameter for interrupt coalescing is a length of an elapsed time since a previous transmission to the host of an interrupt. 7. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the information regarding the operating state of the host indicates the host is in one of an active state, an idle state, or an OBFF state. 8. The memory system according to claim 7, wherein the controller selects the parameter so as to increase a frequency, in time, of transmissions to the host of interrupts related to command completion notices when the information indicates the host in the active state and to reduce the frequency of transmissions to the host of interrupts related to command completion notices when the information indicates the host is in the OBFF state or idle state. 9. The memory system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a register storing a first set value for the parameter and a second set value for the parameter, wherein the controller selects one of the first set value or the second set value from the register as the value of the parameter, the first set value is selected when the information regarding the operating state of the host is an active state, and the second set value is selected when the information regarding the operating state of the host is not in an active state. 10. The memory system according to claim 9, wherein the controller is configured to change the first set value stored in the register in response to a SetFeature command from the host. 11. The memory system according to claim 9, wherein the controller is configured change the second set value stored in the register in response to a SetFeature command from the host. 12. An information processing system, comprising:
a host device having a plurality of operating states; a host interface connected to the host device; a nonvolatile memory; and a controller configured to:
receive information regarding an operating state of the host device via the host interface,
control the nonvolatile memory according to commands from the host device, and
select a parameter for interrupt coalescing for transmissions to the host device of interrupts related to command completion notices for the commands from the host device based on the information regarding the current operating state of the host. 13. The memory system according to claim 12, wherein the host interface is compatible with a peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) bus and includes an optimized buffer flush/fill (OBFF) receiver to receive the information. 14. The memory system according to claim 12, wherein the controller is configured to communicate with the host device via the host interface according to a non-volatile memory express (NVMe) standard. 15. The memory system according to claim 12, wherein the parameter for interrupt coalescing is a number of command completion notices to be coalesced. 16. The memory system according to claim 12, wherein the parameter for interrupt coalescing is a length of an elapsed time since a previous transmission to the host of an interrupt. 17. The memory system according to claim 12, wherein the controller selects the parameter so as to increase a frequency, in time, of transmissions to the host device of interrupts related to command completion notice when the information indicates the host device in an active state and to reduce the frequency of transmissions to the host device of interrupts related to command completion notices when the information indicates the host device is in an OBFF state or idle state. 18. A method of controlling a memory system that communicates with a host based on a non-volatile memory express (NVMe) standard, the method comprising:
receiving an optimized buffer flush/fill (OBFF) message from the host regarding an operating state of the host via a peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) bus; and selecting a parameter for interrupt coalescing for transmissions from the memory system to the host of interrupts related to command completion notices for commands received by the memory system from the host, the selection being based on the operating state of the host indicated by the OBFF message. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the parameter is selected so as to increase a frequency, in time, of transmissions to the host of interrupts related to command completion notice when the OBFF message indicates the host in an active state and to reduce the frequency of transmissions to the host of interrupts related to command completion notices when the OBFF message indicates the host is in an OBFF state or idle state. 20. The method according to claim 18, wherein the parameter for interrupt coalescing is one of a length of an elapsed time since a previous transmission from the memory system to the host of an interrupt or a number of command completion notices to be coalesced. | According to one embodiment, a memory system is capable of being connected to a host. The memory system includes a nonvolatile memory and a controller that receives information regarding an operating state of the host. The controller controls the nonvolatile memory according to commands from the host and selects a parameter for interrupt coalescing for transmissions to the host of interrupts related to command completion notices for the commands from the host based on the information regarding the operating state of the host.1. A memory system capable of being connected to a host, the memory system comprising:
a nonvolatile memory; and a controller configured to:
receive information regarding an operating state of a host,
control the nonvolatile memory according to commands from the host, and
select a parameter for interrupt coalescing for transmissions to the host of interrupts related to command completion notices for the commands from the host based on the information regarding the operating state of the host. 2. The memory system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of nonvolatile memories; and a plurality of controllers, wherein each controller of the plurality of controllers is disposed on a separate chip with at least one nonvolatile memory of the plurality of nonvolatile memories. 3. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is capable of being connected to the host via a peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) bus and includes an optimized buffer flush/fill (OBFF) receiver to receive the information. 4. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to communicate with the host based on a non-volatile memory express (NVMe) standard. 5. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the parameter for interrupt coalescing is a number of command completion notices to be coalesced. 6. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the parameter for interrupt coalescing is a length of an elapsed time since a previous transmission to the host of an interrupt. 7. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the information regarding the operating state of the host indicates the host is in one of an active state, an idle state, or an OBFF state. 8. The memory system according to claim 7, wherein the controller selects the parameter so as to increase a frequency, in time, of transmissions to the host of interrupts related to command completion notices when the information indicates the host in the active state and to reduce the frequency of transmissions to the host of interrupts related to command completion notices when the information indicates the host is in the OBFF state or idle state. 9. The memory system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a register storing a first set value for the parameter and a second set value for the parameter, wherein the controller selects one of the first set value or the second set value from the register as the value of the parameter, the first set value is selected when the information regarding the operating state of the host is an active state, and the second set value is selected when the information regarding the operating state of the host is not in an active state. 10. The memory system according to claim 9, wherein the controller is configured to change the first set value stored in the register in response to a SetFeature command from the host. 11. The memory system according to claim 9, wherein the controller is configured change the second set value stored in the register in response to a SetFeature command from the host. 12. An information processing system, comprising:
a host device having a plurality of operating states; a host interface connected to the host device; a nonvolatile memory; and a controller configured to:
receive information regarding an operating state of the host device via the host interface,
control the nonvolatile memory according to commands from the host device, and
select a parameter for interrupt coalescing for transmissions to the host device of interrupts related to command completion notices for the commands from the host device based on the information regarding the current operating state of the host. 13. The memory system according to claim 12, wherein the host interface is compatible with a peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) bus and includes an optimized buffer flush/fill (OBFF) receiver to receive the information. 14. The memory system according to claim 12, wherein the controller is configured to communicate with the host device via the host interface according to a non-volatile memory express (NVMe) standard. 15. The memory system according to claim 12, wherein the parameter for interrupt coalescing is a number of command completion notices to be coalesced. 16. The memory system according to claim 12, wherein the parameter for interrupt coalescing is a length of an elapsed time since a previous transmission to the host of an interrupt. 17. The memory system according to claim 12, wherein the controller selects the parameter so as to increase a frequency, in time, of transmissions to the host device of interrupts related to command completion notice when the information indicates the host device in an active state and to reduce the frequency of transmissions to the host device of interrupts related to command completion notices when the information indicates the host device is in an OBFF state or idle state. 18. A method of controlling a memory system that communicates with a host based on a non-volatile memory express (NVMe) standard, the method comprising:
receiving an optimized buffer flush/fill (OBFF) message from the host regarding an operating state of the host via a peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) bus; and selecting a parameter for interrupt coalescing for transmissions from the memory system to the host of interrupts related to command completion notices for commands received by the memory system from the host, the selection being based on the operating state of the host indicated by the OBFF message. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the parameter is selected so as to increase a frequency, in time, of transmissions to the host of interrupts related to command completion notice when the OBFF message indicates the host in an active state and to reduce the frequency of transmissions to the host of interrupts related to command completion notices when the OBFF message indicates the host is in an OBFF state or idle state. 20. The method according to claim 18, wherein the parameter for interrupt coalescing is one of a length of an elapsed time since a previous transmission from the memory system to the host of an interrupt or a number of command completion notices to be coalesced. | 2,100 |
349,163 | 16,806,714 | 2,184 | A method and a device for acquiring three-dimensional coordinates of ore based on mining process are disclosed. The method includes: obtaining a two-dimensional coordinate of the ore by using a YOLACT algorithm and a NMS algorithm to obtain a prediction mask map, obtaining depth information of the ore based on the color map and the infrared depth map, and combining the two-dimensional coordinate with the depth information to obtain a three-dimensional coordinate of the ore. | 1. A method for acquiring three-dimensional coordinates of ore based on mining process, comprising:
acquiring an ore image; processing the ore image by using a YOLACT algorithm and a NMS algorithm to obtain a prediction mask map; drawing a rectangular box according to the prediction mask map and obtaining a two-dimensional coordinate of ore through a center point of the rectangular box; acquiring a color map and an infrared depth map; transmitting the color map into a pre-training model for recognition to obtain object contours; selecting a contour of a target object, calculating the sum of coordinates of X axis and Y axis of all points on the contour, and then dividing the sum of the coordinates by the number of the points on the contour to obtain a gravity center of the target object; calculating a distance between the gravity center of the target object and an origin to obtain a polar coordinate of the target object, and aligning a center point of the color map and a center point of the infrared depth map through affine transformation to obtain a scale of the color map in the infrared depth map; multiplying a length of the polar coordinate by the scale to obtain a point in the infrared depth map corresponding to a point in the color map, thereby obtaining depth information of the point in the infrared depth map; and combining the two-dimensional coordinate with the depth information to obtain a three-dimensional coordinate of the ore. 2. An apparatus for acquiring three-dimensional coordinates of ore based on mining process, comprising: at least one control processor and a memory for communicating with the at least one control processor, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one control processor, and the instructions, when executed by the at least one control processor, cause the at least one control processor to perform steps of:
acquiring an ore image; processing the ore image by using a YOLACT algorithm and a NMS algorithm to obtain a prediction mask map; drawing a rectangular box according to the prediction mask map and obtaining a two-dimensional coordinate of ore through a center point of the rectangular box; acquiring a color map and an infrared depth map; transmitting the color map into a pre-training model for recognition to obtain object contours; selecting a contour of a target object, calculating the sum of coordinates of X axis and Y axis of all points on the contour, and then dividing the sum of the coordinates by the number of the points on the contour to obtain a gravity center of the target object; calculating a distance between the gravity center of the target object and an origin to obtain a polar coordinate of the target object, and aligning a center point of the color map and a center point of the infrared depth map through affine transformation to obtain a scale of the color map in the infrared depth map; multiplying a length of the polar coordinate by the scale to obtain a point in the infrared depth map corresponding to a point in the color map, thereby obtaining depth information of the point in the infrared depth map; and combining the two-dimensional coordinate with the depth information to obtain a three-dimensional coordinate of the ore. 3. A computer readable storage medium having computer executable instructions stored thereon which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform steps of:
acquiring an ore image; processing the ore image by using a YOLACT algorithm and a NMS algorithm to obtain a prediction mask map; drawing a rectangular box according to the prediction mask map and obtaining a two-dimensional coordinate of ore through a center point of the rectangular box; acquiring a color map and an infrared depth map; transmitting the color map into a pre-training model for recognition to obtain object contours; selecting a contour of a target object, calculating the sum of coordinates of X axis and Y axis of all points on the contour, and then dividing the sum of the coordinates by the number of the points on the contour to obtain a gravity center of the target object; calculating a distance between the gravity center of the target object and an origin to obtain a polar coordinate of the target object, and aligning a center point of the color map and a center point of the infrared depth map through affine transformation to obtain a scale of the color map in the infrared depth map; multiplying a length of the polar coordinate by the scale to obtain a point in the infrared depth map corresponding to a point in the color map, thereby obtaining depth information of the point in the infrared depth map; and combining the two-dimensional coordinate with the depth information to obtain a three-dimensional coordinate of the ore. | A method and a device for acquiring three-dimensional coordinates of ore based on mining process are disclosed. The method includes: obtaining a two-dimensional coordinate of the ore by using a YOLACT algorithm and a NMS algorithm to obtain a prediction mask map, obtaining depth information of the ore based on the color map and the infrared depth map, and combining the two-dimensional coordinate with the depth information to obtain a three-dimensional coordinate of the ore.1. A method for acquiring three-dimensional coordinates of ore based on mining process, comprising:
acquiring an ore image; processing the ore image by using a YOLACT algorithm and a NMS algorithm to obtain a prediction mask map; drawing a rectangular box according to the prediction mask map and obtaining a two-dimensional coordinate of ore through a center point of the rectangular box; acquiring a color map and an infrared depth map; transmitting the color map into a pre-training model for recognition to obtain object contours; selecting a contour of a target object, calculating the sum of coordinates of X axis and Y axis of all points on the contour, and then dividing the sum of the coordinates by the number of the points on the contour to obtain a gravity center of the target object; calculating a distance between the gravity center of the target object and an origin to obtain a polar coordinate of the target object, and aligning a center point of the color map and a center point of the infrared depth map through affine transformation to obtain a scale of the color map in the infrared depth map; multiplying a length of the polar coordinate by the scale to obtain a point in the infrared depth map corresponding to a point in the color map, thereby obtaining depth information of the point in the infrared depth map; and combining the two-dimensional coordinate with the depth information to obtain a three-dimensional coordinate of the ore. 2. An apparatus for acquiring three-dimensional coordinates of ore based on mining process, comprising: at least one control processor and a memory for communicating with the at least one control processor, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one control processor, and the instructions, when executed by the at least one control processor, cause the at least one control processor to perform steps of:
acquiring an ore image; processing the ore image by using a YOLACT algorithm and a NMS algorithm to obtain a prediction mask map; drawing a rectangular box according to the prediction mask map and obtaining a two-dimensional coordinate of ore through a center point of the rectangular box; acquiring a color map and an infrared depth map; transmitting the color map into a pre-training model for recognition to obtain object contours; selecting a contour of a target object, calculating the sum of coordinates of X axis and Y axis of all points on the contour, and then dividing the sum of the coordinates by the number of the points on the contour to obtain a gravity center of the target object; calculating a distance between the gravity center of the target object and an origin to obtain a polar coordinate of the target object, and aligning a center point of the color map and a center point of the infrared depth map through affine transformation to obtain a scale of the color map in the infrared depth map; multiplying a length of the polar coordinate by the scale to obtain a point in the infrared depth map corresponding to a point in the color map, thereby obtaining depth information of the point in the infrared depth map; and combining the two-dimensional coordinate with the depth information to obtain a three-dimensional coordinate of the ore. 3. A computer readable storage medium having computer executable instructions stored thereon which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform steps of:
acquiring an ore image; processing the ore image by using a YOLACT algorithm and a NMS algorithm to obtain a prediction mask map; drawing a rectangular box according to the prediction mask map and obtaining a two-dimensional coordinate of ore through a center point of the rectangular box; acquiring a color map and an infrared depth map; transmitting the color map into a pre-training model for recognition to obtain object contours; selecting a contour of a target object, calculating the sum of coordinates of X axis and Y axis of all points on the contour, and then dividing the sum of the coordinates by the number of the points on the contour to obtain a gravity center of the target object; calculating a distance between the gravity center of the target object and an origin to obtain a polar coordinate of the target object, and aligning a center point of the color map and a center point of the infrared depth map through affine transformation to obtain a scale of the color map in the infrared depth map; multiplying a length of the polar coordinate by the scale to obtain a point in the infrared depth map corresponding to a point in the color map, thereby obtaining depth information of the point in the infrared depth map; and combining the two-dimensional coordinate with the depth information to obtain a three-dimensional coordinate of the ore. | 2,100 |
349,164 | 16,806,684 | 2,184 | A semiconductor memory device includes a memory transistor, a word line, a peripheral circuit, and electrodes connected to the peripheral circuit. In response to a write command via the electrodes, the peripheral circuit can execute a first program operation of applying a first program voltage to the word line one time when the write command is one of an n1-th write command to an n2-th write command corresponding to the memory transistor; and execute a second program operation of applying a second program voltage to the first word line at least one time when the write command is one of an (n2+1)-th write command to an n3-th write command corresponding to the memory transistor. The second program voltage in a k-th second program operation is less than the first program voltage in a k-th first program operation. | 1. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a first memory transistor having a gate electrode; a first word line connected to the gate electrode of the first memory transistor; a peripheral circuit connected to the first word line; and a plurality of electrodes connected to the peripheral circuit and configured to receive data input and provide data output, wherein in response to a write command via the plurality of electrodes, the peripheral circuit is configured to: execute a first write sequence including a first program operation of applying a first program voltage to the first word line at least one time when the write command is one of an n1-th write command to an n2-th write command corresponding to the memory transistor, each of the n1 and n2 being a natural number, n2 being greater than n1, and execute a second write sequence including a second program operation of applying a second program voltage to the first word line at least one time when the write command is one of an (n2+1)-th write command to an n3-th write command corresponding to the memory transistor, n3 being a natural number greater than n2, wherein the corresponding second program voltage in a k-th one of the second program operations of the second write sequence is less than the corresponding first program voltage in a k-th one of the first program operations in the first write sequence, k being a natural number. 2. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a memory transistor having a gate electrode; a word line connected to the gate electrode of the memory transistor; a peripheral circuit connected to the word line; and a plurality of electrodes connected to the peripheral circuit and configured to receive data input and provide data output, wherein the peripheral circuit is configured to: execute, in response to a first write command via the plurality of electrodes, a first write sequence including a first program operation of applying a first program voltage to the word line at least one time, and execute, in response to a second write command via the plurality of electrodes, a second write sequence including a second program operation of applying a second program voltage to the word line at least one time, wherein the corresponding second program voltage in a k-th one of the second program operations of the second write sequence is less than the corresponding first program voltage in a k-th one of the first program operations in the first write sequence, k being a natural number. 3. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein
when at least one of the first write sequence or the second write sequence is executed m times, wherein m, a natural number, corresponds to a maximum number of times of the first program operation or the second program operation, and wherein an average value of the second program voltage from a first second program operation to an m-th second program operation of the second write sequence is less than an average value of first program voltage from a first first program operation to an m-th first program operation of the first write sequence. 4. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein
the peripheral circuit is further configured to: execute a first verification operation of applying a first verification voltage to the first word line at least one time in the first write sequence, and execute a second verification operation of applying a second verification voltage to the first word line at least one time in the second write sequence, wherein in the first verification operation, only one kind of first verification voltage is supplied to the first word line, and in the second verification operation, only one kind of second verification voltage is supplied to the first word line. 5. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of memory chips; a controller chip connected to the memory chips; and a controller connected to the controller chip, wherein the plurality of memory chips each includes a plurality of memory blocks and the peripheral circuit, and the plurality of memory blocks each includes a plurality of memory transistors and a plurality of word lines, at least one of the plurality of memory chips, the controller chip or the controller includes a first storage unit, wherein the first storage unit is configured to: store a minimum value, a maximum value, or a value therebetween of a number of execution times of the first write sequence, the second write sequence, or an erase sequence that has been performed on the plurality of memory transistors in each of the plurality of memory chips. 6. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 2, wherein
when at least one of the first write sequence or the second write sequence is executed for m times, wherein m, a natural number, corresponds to a maximum number of times of the first program operation or the second program operation, and wherein an average value of the second program voltage from a first second program operation to an m-th second program operation of the second write sequence is less than an average value of first program voltage from a first first program operation to an m-th first program operation of the first write sequence. 7. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of memory chips; a controller chip connected to the memory chips; and a controller connected to the controller chip, wherein the plurality of memory chips each includes a plurality of memory blocks and the peripheral circuit, and the plurality of memory blocks each includes a plurality of memory transistors and a plurality of word lines, at least one of the plurality of memory chips, the controller chip or the controller includes a first storage unit, wherein the first storage unit is configured to: store a minimum value, a maximum value or a value therebetween of a number of execution times of the first write sequence, the second write sequence, or an erase sequence that has been performed on the plurality of memory transistors in the memory chip. 8. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of memory chips; a controller chip connected to the memory chips; and a controller connected to the controller chip, wherein the plurality of memory chips each includes a plurality of memory blocks and the peripheral circuit, and the plurality of memory blocks each includes a plurality of memory transistors and a plurality of word lines, at least one of the plurality of memory chips, the controller chip or the controller includes a first storage unit, wherein the first storage unit is configured to: store a minimum value, a maximum value or a value therebetween of a number of execution times of the first write sequence, the second write sequence, or an erase sequence that has been performed on the plurality of memory transistors in each of the memory blocks of each of the plurality of memory chips. 9. A method, comprising:
receiving a write command to perform a first write sequence and a second write sequence on a memory transistor; executing the first write sequence including a first program operation of applying a first program voltage to a word line connected to a gate electrode of the memory transistor for at least one time when the write command is one of an n1-th write command to an n2-th write command corresponding to the memory transistor, each of the n1 and n2 being an a natural number, n2 being greater than n1; and executing the second write sequence including a second program operation of applying a second program voltage to the word line at least one time when the write command is one of an (n2+1)-th write command to an n3-th write command corresponding to the memory transistor, n3 being an a natural number greater than n2, wherein the corresponding second program voltage in a k-th one of the second program operations of the second write sequence is less than the corresponding first program voltage in a k-th one of the first program operations in the first write sequence, k being a natural number. 10. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 4, wherein the first memory transistor is a single level cell. 11. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a first memory transistor having a gate electrode; a first word line connected to the gate electrode of the first memory transistor; a peripheral circuit connected to the first word line; and a plurality of electrodes connected to the peripheral circuit and configured to receive data input and provide data output, wherein in response to a write command via the plurality of electrodes, the peripheral circuit is configured to: execute a first write sequence including a first program operation of applying a program voltage to the first word line at least one time when the write command is one of an n1-th write command to an n2-th write command corresponding to the memory transistor, each of the n1 and n2 being a natural number, n2 being greater than n1, and execute a second write sequence including a second program operation of applying a program voltage to the first word line at least one time when the write command is one of an (n2+1)-th write command to an n3-th write command corresponding to the memory transistor, n3 being a natural number greater than n2, wherein in the first write sequence, a first difference voltage is a difference between a first program voltage and a second program voltage, the first program voltage being a voltage applied to the word line in a k-th first program operation and the second program voltage being a voltage applied to the word line in a (K+1)-th first program operation voltage, wherein in the second write sequence, a second difference voltage is a difference between a third program voltage and a fourth program voltage, the third program voltage being a voltage applied to the word line in a k-th second program operation and the fourth program voltage being a voltage applied to the word line in a (K+1)-th second program operation voltage, and wherein the first difference voltage is larger than the second difference voltage. 12. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 11, wherein the first program voltage is larger than the third program voltage. 13. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 11, wherein the peripheral circuit is further configured to:
execute a first verification operation of applying only a first verification voltage to the first word line at least one time in the first write sequence, and execute a second verification operation of applying only a second verification voltage to the first word line at least one time in the second write sequence. 14. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 13, wherein
The second verification voltage is substantially the same as the first verification voltage. 15. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 13, wherein
the first memory transistor is a single level cell. 16. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 11, wherein a storage unit is configured to:
store a number of execution times the first write sequence. 17. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 11, wherein the storage unit is configured to:
store a number of execution times an erase sequence. 18. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 17, wherein the peripheral circuit is further configured to:
execute to the first write sequence or the second write sequence according to the number of a number of execution times the erase sequence. | A semiconductor memory device includes a memory transistor, a word line, a peripheral circuit, and electrodes connected to the peripheral circuit. In response to a write command via the electrodes, the peripheral circuit can execute a first program operation of applying a first program voltage to the word line one time when the write command is one of an n1-th write command to an n2-th write command corresponding to the memory transistor; and execute a second program operation of applying a second program voltage to the first word line at least one time when the write command is one of an (n2+1)-th write command to an n3-th write command corresponding to the memory transistor. The second program voltage in a k-th second program operation is less than the first program voltage in a k-th first program operation.1. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a first memory transistor having a gate electrode; a first word line connected to the gate electrode of the first memory transistor; a peripheral circuit connected to the first word line; and a plurality of electrodes connected to the peripheral circuit and configured to receive data input and provide data output, wherein in response to a write command via the plurality of electrodes, the peripheral circuit is configured to: execute a first write sequence including a first program operation of applying a first program voltage to the first word line at least one time when the write command is one of an n1-th write command to an n2-th write command corresponding to the memory transistor, each of the n1 and n2 being a natural number, n2 being greater than n1, and execute a second write sequence including a second program operation of applying a second program voltage to the first word line at least one time when the write command is one of an (n2+1)-th write command to an n3-th write command corresponding to the memory transistor, n3 being a natural number greater than n2, wherein the corresponding second program voltage in a k-th one of the second program operations of the second write sequence is less than the corresponding first program voltage in a k-th one of the first program operations in the first write sequence, k being a natural number. 2. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a memory transistor having a gate electrode; a word line connected to the gate electrode of the memory transistor; a peripheral circuit connected to the word line; and a plurality of electrodes connected to the peripheral circuit and configured to receive data input and provide data output, wherein the peripheral circuit is configured to: execute, in response to a first write command via the plurality of electrodes, a first write sequence including a first program operation of applying a first program voltage to the word line at least one time, and execute, in response to a second write command via the plurality of electrodes, a second write sequence including a second program operation of applying a second program voltage to the word line at least one time, wherein the corresponding second program voltage in a k-th one of the second program operations of the second write sequence is less than the corresponding first program voltage in a k-th one of the first program operations in the first write sequence, k being a natural number. 3. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein
when at least one of the first write sequence or the second write sequence is executed m times, wherein m, a natural number, corresponds to a maximum number of times of the first program operation or the second program operation, and wherein an average value of the second program voltage from a first second program operation to an m-th second program operation of the second write sequence is less than an average value of first program voltage from a first first program operation to an m-th first program operation of the first write sequence. 4. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein
the peripheral circuit is further configured to: execute a first verification operation of applying a first verification voltage to the first word line at least one time in the first write sequence, and execute a second verification operation of applying a second verification voltage to the first word line at least one time in the second write sequence, wherein in the first verification operation, only one kind of first verification voltage is supplied to the first word line, and in the second verification operation, only one kind of second verification voltage is supplied to the first word line. 5. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of memory chips; a controller chip connected to the memory chips; and a controller connected to the controller chip, wherein the plurality of memory chips each includes a plurality of memory blocks and the peripheral circuit, and the plurality of memory blocks each includes a plurality of memory transistors and a plurality of word lines, at least one of the plurality of memory chips, the controller chip or the controller includes a first storage unit, wherein the first storage unit is configured to: store a minimum value, a maximum value, or a value therebetween of a number of execution times of the first write sequence, the second write sequence, or an erase sequence that has been performed on the plurality of memory transistors in each of the plurality of memory chips. 6. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 2, wherein
when at least one of the first write sequence or the second write sequence is executed for m times, wherein m, a natural number, corresponds to a maximum number of times of the first program operation or the second program operation, and wherein an average value of the second program voltage from a first second program operation to an m-th second program operation of the second write sequence is less than an average value of first program voltage from a first first program operation to an m-th first program operation of the first write sequence. 7. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of memory chips; a controller chip connected to the memory chips; and a controller connected to the controller chip, wherein the plurality of memory chips each includes a plurality of memory blocks and the peripheral circuit, and the plurality of memory blocks each includes a plurality of memory transistors and a plurality of word lines, at least one of the plurality of memory chips, the controller chip or the controller includes a first storage unit, wherein the first storage unit is configured to: store a minimum value, a maximum value or a value therebetween of a number of execution times of the first write sequence, the second write sequence, or an erase sequence that has been performed on the plurality of memory transistors in the memory chip. 8. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of memory chips; a controller chip connected to the memory chips; and a controller connected to the controller chip, wherein the plurality of memory chips each includes a plurality of memory blocks and the peripheral circuit, and the plurality of memory blocks each includes a plurality of memory transistors and a plurality of word lines, at least one of the plurality of memory chips, the controller chip or the controller includes a first storage unit, wherein the first storage unit is configured to: store a minimum value, a maximum value or a value therebetween of a number of execution times of the first write sequence, the second write sequence, or an erase sequence that has been performed on the plurality of memory transistors in each of the memory blocks of each of the plurality of memory chips. 9. A method, comprising:
receiving a write command to perform a first write sequence and a second write sequence on a memory transistor; executing the first write sequence including a first program operation of applying a first program voltage to a word line connected to a gate electrode of the memory transistor for at least one time when the write command is one of an n1-th write command to an n2-th write command corresponding to the memory transistor, each of the n1 and n2 being an a natural number, n2 being greater than n1; and executing the second write sequence including a second program operation of applying a second program voltage to the word line at least one time when the write command is one of an (n2+1)-th write command to an n3-th write command corresponding to the memory transistor, n3 being an a natural number greater than n2, wherein the corresponding second program voltage in a k-th one of the second program operations of the second write sequence is less than the corresponding first program voltage in a k-th one of the first program operations in the first write sequence, k being a natural number. 10. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 4, wherein the first memory transistor is a single level cell. 11. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a first memory transistor having a gate electrode; a first word line connected to the gate electrode of the first memory transistor; a peripheral circuit connected to the first word line; and a plurality of electrodes connected to the peripheral circuit and configured to receive data input and provide data output, wherein in response to a write command via the plurality of electrodes, the peripheral circuit is configured to: execute a first write sequence including a first program operation of applying a program voltage to the first word line at least one time when the write command is one of an n1-th write command to an n2-th write command corresponding to the memory transistor, each of the n1 and n2 being a natural number, n2 being greater than n1, and execute a second write sequence including a second program operation of applying a program voltage to the first word line at least one time when the write command is one of an (n2+1)-th write command to an n3-th write command corresponding to the memory transistor, n3 being a natural number greater than n2, wherein in the first write sequence, a first difference voltage is a difference between a first program voltage and a second program voltage, the first program voltage being a voltage applied to the word line in a k-th first program operation and the second program voltage being a voltage applied to the word line in a (K+1)-th first program operation voltage, wherein in the second write sequence, a second difference voltage is a difference between a third program voltage and a fourth program voltage, the third program voltage being a voltage applied to the word line in a k-th second program operation and the fourth program voltage being a voltage applied to the word line in a (K+1)-th second program operation voltage, and wherein the first difference voltage is larger than the second difference voltage. 12. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 11, wherein the first program voltage is larger than the third program voltage. 13. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 11, wherein the peripheral circuit is further configured to:
execute a first verification operation of applying only a first verification voltage to the first word line at least one time in the first write sequence, and execute a second verification operation of applying only a second verification voltage to the first word line at least one time in the second write sequence. 14. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 13, wherein
The second verification voltage is substantially the same as the first verification voltage. 15. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 13, wherein
the first memory transistor is a single level cell. 16. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 11, wherein a storage unit is configured to:
store a number of execution times the first write sequence. 17. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 11, wherein the storage unit is configured to:
store a number of execution times an erase sequence. 18. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 17, wherein the peripheral circuit is further configured to:
execute to the first write sequence or the second write sequence according to the number of a number of execution times the erase sequence. | 2,100 |
349,165 | 16,806,712 | 2,184 | A first portion of the poly-silicon layer is provided on a first face of a front surface of a semiconductor substrate via a gate insulating film in an edge termination region and configures a gate runner. The first portion opposes an edge p++-type contact region in a depth direction Z. A chip-end-side edge of the first portion is positioned within a plane of the edge p++-type contact region. A field oxide film disposed separated from the poly-silicon layer, extends from a chip end toward a chip center and, on the first face, terminates closer to the chip end than does the first portion. The entire surface of the poly-silicon layer is flat, free of a step due to the field oxide film. A chip-center-side edge of the field oxide film is closer to the chip end than is the edge p++-type contact region and positioned on a p-type base region. | 1. A silicon carbide semiconductor device, comprising:
an active region; a termination region provided at a periphery of the active region; a semiconductor substrate containing silicon carbide; an insulated gate structure provided at a front surface side of the semiconductor substrate, the insulated gate structure being provided in the active region and including a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor formed by a 3-layer structure of a metal, an oxide film and a semiconductor, the semiconductor substrate including
a first-conductivity-type semiconductor layer, configuring a drift region of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, and
a second-conductivity-type semiconductor layer provided at the front surface side of the semiconductor substrate, and on the first-conductivity-type semiconductor layer, the second-conductivity-type semiconductor layer configuring a base region of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor;
a trench provided at the front surface side of the semiconductor substrate and extending in a first direction parallel to a front surface of the semiconductor substrate; an insulating film provided at the front surface side of the semiconductor substrate, a gate electrode of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor provided in the trench via the insulating film; a second-conductivity-type high-concentration region, provided in a surface region at the front surface side of the semiconductor substrate in the termination region, the second-conductivity-type high-concentration region forming a second-conductivity-type junction with the second-conductivity-type semiconductor layer, the second-conductivity-type high-concentration region having an impurity concentration higher than an impurity concentration of the second-conductivity-type semiconductor layer; a first gate poly-silicon layer provided on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate in the termination region via the insulating film, and facing the second-conductivity-type high-concentration region via the insulating film in a depth direction, the first gate poly-silicon layer surrounding the periphery of the active region, and having a rectangular ring shape, the first gate poly-silicon layer being electrically connected to the gate electrode at an end of the trench; and a field oxide film provided on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate in the termination region via the insulating film, the field oxide film surrounding a periphery of the first gate poly-silicon layer, and having a rectangular ring shape with four side parts, two of which extend in the first direction and the other two of which extend in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, wherein at least one side part of the field oxide film that extends in the second direction is disposed from an outer periphery of the termination region toward the active region in the first direction, a closest edge to the active region of the at least one side part is located at a position further from the active region than is a position of a furthest edge from the active region of the first gate poly-silicon layer. 2. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
at least one side part of the field oxide film that extends in the first direction is disposed from the outer periphery of the termination region toward the active region in the second direction, a closest edge to the active region of the at least one side part extending in the first direction is located at a same position as a closest edge from the active region of the first gate poly-silicon layer. 3. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein
the at least one side part includes the two side parts of the field oxide film that extend in the first direction and are each disposed from the outer periphery of the termination region toward the active region in the second direction, a closest edge to the active region of each of the two side parts extending in the first direction is located to the same position as the closest edge from the active region of the first gate poly-silicon layer. 4. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
a furthest edge from the active region of the second-conductivity-type high-concentration region is located at a position closer to the active region than is a position of a furthest edge from the active region of the second-conductivity-type semiconductor layer, and in at least two side parts of the field oxide film that extend in the second direction, a closest edge to the active region of each of the two side parts extending in the second direction is located on the second-conductivity-type semiconductor layer via the insulating film in the depth direction, and is located further from the active region than is a position of the second-conductivity-type junction. 5. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
an outer side edge of the first gate poly-silicon layer is positioned within a plane area of the second-conductivity-type high-concentration region. 6. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
an entire surface of the first gate poly-silicon layer is flat. 7. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second gate poly-silicon layer connected to the first gate poly-silicon layer, and being provided on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate via the insulating film in the active region; and a gate pad provided on the second gate poly-silicon layer via an interlayer insulating film, and being electrically connected to the second gate poly-silicon layer, wherein a region between the front surface of the semiconductor substrate and the second gate poly-silicon layer is free of the field oxide film. 8. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the insulating film is a high temperature oxide film or a thermal oxide film, the field oxide film is a silicon oxide film, and field oxide film having a thickness greater than a thickness of the insulating film. | A first portion of the poly-silicon layer is provided on a first face of a front surface of a semiconductor substrate via a gate insulating film in an edge termination region and configures a gate runner. The first portion opposes an edge p++-type contact region in a depth direction Z. A chip-end-side edge of the first portion is positioned within a plane of the edge p++-type contact region. A field oxide film disposed separated from the poly-silicon layer, extends from a chip end toward a chip center and, on the first face, terminates closer to the chip end than does the first portion. The entire surface of the poly-silicon layer is flat, free of a step due to the field oxide film. A chip-center-side edge of the field oxide film is closer to the chip end than is the edge p++-type contact region and positioned on a p-type base region.1. A silicon carbide semiconductor device, comprising:
an active region; a termination region provided at a periphery of the active region; a semiconductor substrate containing silicon carbide; an insulated gate structure provided at a front surface side of the semiconductor substrate, the insulated gate structure being provided in the active region and including a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor formed by a 3-layer structure of a metal, an oxide film and a semiconductor, the semiconductor substrate including
a first-conductivity-type semiconductor layer, configuring a drift region of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, and
a second-conductivity-type semiconductor layer provided at the front surface side of the semiconductor substrate, and on the first-conductivity-type semiconductor layer, the second-conductivity-type semiconductor layer configuring a base region of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor;
a trench provided at the front surface side of the semiconductor substrate and extending in a first direction parallel to a front surface of the semiconductor substrate; an insulating film provided at the front surface side of the semiconductor substrate, a gate electrode of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor provided in the trench via the insulating film; a second-conductivity-type high-concentration region, provided in a surface region at the front surface side of the semiconductor substrate in the termination region, the second-conductivity-type high-concentration region forming a second-conductivity-type junction with the second-conductivity-type semiconductor layer, the second-conductivity-type high-concentration region having an impurity concentration higher than an impurity concentration of the second-conductivity-type semiconductor layer; a first gate poly-silicon layer provided on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate in the termination region via the insulating film, and facing the second-conductivity-type high-concentration region via the insulating film in a depth direction, the first gate poly-silicon layer surrounding the periphery of the active region, and having a rectangular ring shape, the first gate poly-silicon layer being electrically connected to the gate electrode at an end of the trench; and a field oxide film provided on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate in the termination region via the insulating film, the field oxide film surrounding a periphery of the first gate poly-silicon layer, and having a rectangular ring shape with four side parts, two of which extend in the first direction and the other two of which extend in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, wherein at least one side part of the field oxide film that extends in the second direction is disposed from an outer periphery of the termination region toward the active region in the first direction, a closest edge to the active region of the at least one side part is located at a position further from the active region than is a position of a furthest edge from the active region of the first gate poly-silicon layer. 2. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
at least one side part of the field oxide film that extends in the first direction is disposed from the outer periphery of the termination region toward the active region in the second direction, a closest edge to the active region of the at least one side part extending in the first direction is located at a same position as a closest edge from the active region of the first gate poly-silicon layer. 3. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein
the at least one side part includes the two side parts of the field oxide film that extend in the first direction and are each disposed from the outer periphery of the termination region toward the active region in the second direction, a closest edge to the active region of each of the two side parts extending in the first direction is located to the same position as the closest edge from the active region of the first gate poly-silicon layer. 4. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
a furthest edge from the active region of the second-conductivity-type high-concentration region is located at a position closer to the active region than is a position of a furthest edge from the active region of the second-conductivity-type semiconductor layer, and in at least two side parts of the field oxide film that extend in the second direction, a closest edge to the active region of each of the two side parts extending in the second direction is located on the second-conductivity-type semiconductor layer via the insulating film in the depth direction, and is located further from the active region than is a position of the second-conductivity-type junction. 5. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
an outer side edge of the first gate poly-silicon layer is positioned within a plane area of the second-conductivity-type high-concentration region. 6. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
an entire surface of the first gate poly-silicon layer is flat. 7. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second gate poly-silicon layer connected to the first gate poly-silicon layer, and being provided on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate via the insulating film in the active region; and a gate pad provided on the second gate poly-silicon layer via an interlayer insulating film, and being electrically connected to the second gate poly-silicon layer, wherein a region between the front surface of the semiconductor substrate and the second gate poly-silicon layer is free of the field oxide film. 8. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the insulating film is a high temperature oxide film or a thermal oxide film, the field oxide film is a silicon oxide film, and field oxide film having a thickness greater than a thickness of the insulating film. | 2,100 |
349,166 | 16,806,729 | 3,993 | A first portion of the poly-silicon layer is provided on a first face of a front surface of a semiconductor substrate via a gate insulating film in an edge termination region and configures a gate runner. The first portion opposes an edge p++-type contact region in a depth direction Z. A chip-end-side edge of the first portion is positioned within a plane of the edge p++-type contact region. A field oxide film disposed separated from the poly-silicon layer, extends from a chip end toward a chip center and, on the first face, terminates closer to the chip end than does the first portion. The entire surface of the poly-silicon layer is flat, free of a step due to the field oxide film. A chip-center-side edge of the field oxide film is closer to the chip end than is the edge p++-type contact region and positioned on a p-type base region. | 1. A silicon carbide semiconductor device, comprising:
an active region; a termination region provided at a periphery of the active region; a semiconductor substrate containing silicon carbide; an insulated gate structure provided at a front surface side of the semiconductor substrate, the insulated gate structure being provided in the active region and including a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor formed by a 3-layer structure of a metal, an oxide film and a semiconductor, the semiconductor substrate including
a first-conductivity-type semiconductor layer, configuring a drift region of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, and
a second-conductivity-type semiconductor layer provided at the front surface side of the semiconductor substrate, and on the first-conductivity-type semiconductor layer, the second-conductivity-type semiconductor layer configuring a base region of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor;
a trench provided at the front surface side of the semiconductor substrate and extending in a first direction parallel to a front surface of the semiconductor substrate; an insulating film provided at the front surface side of the semiconductor substrate, a gate electrode of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor provided in the trench via the insulating film; a second-conductivity-type high-concentration region, provided in a surface region at the front surface side of the semiconductor substrate in the termination region, the second-conductivity-type high-concentration region forming a second-conductivity-type junction with the second-conductivity-type semiconductor layer, the second-conductivity-type high-concentration region having an impurity concentration higher than an impurity concentration of the second-conductivity-type semiconductor layer; a first gate poly-silicon layer provided on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate in the termination region via the insulating film, and facing the second-conductivity-type high-concentration region via the insulating film in a depth direction, the first gate poly-silicon layer surrounding the periphery of the active region, and having a rectangular ring shape, the first gate poly-silicon layer being electrically connected to the gate electrode at an end of the trench; and a field oxide film provided on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate in the termination region via the insulating film, the field oxide film surrounding a periphery of the first gate poly-silicon layer, and having a rectangular ring shape with four side parts, two of which extend in the first direction and the other two of which extend in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, wherein at least one side part of the field oxide film that extends in the second direction is disposed from an outer periphery of the termination region toward the active region in the first direction, a closest edge to the active region of the at least one side part is located at a position further from the active region than is a position of a furthest edge from the active region of the first gate poly-silicon layer. 2. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
at least one side part of the field oxide film that extends in the first direction is disposed from the outer periphery of the termination region toward the active region in the second direction, a closest edge to the active region of the at least one side part extending in the first direction is located at a same position as a closest edge from the active region of the first gate poly-silicon layer. 3. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein
the at least one side part includes the two side parts of the field oxide film that extend in the first direction and are each disposed from the outer periphery of the termination region toward the active region in the second direction, a closest edge to the active region of each of the two side parts extending in the first direction is located to the same position as the closest edge from the active region of the first gate poly-silicon layer. 4. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
a furthest edge from the active region of the second-conductivity-type high-concentration region is located at a position closer to the active region than is a position of a furthest edge from the active region of the second-conductivity-type semiconductor layer, and in at least two side parts of the field oxide film that extend in the second direction, a closest edge to the active region of each of the two side parts extending in the second direction is located on the second-conductivity-type semiconductor layer via the insulating film in the depth direction, and is located further from the active region than is a position of the second-conductivity-type junction. 5. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
an outer side edge of the first gate poly-silicon layer is positioned within a plane area of the second-conductivity-type high-concentration region. 6. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
an entire surface of the first gate poly-silicon layer is flat. 7. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second gate poly-silicon layer connected to the first gate poly-silicon layer, and being provided on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate via the insulating film in the active region; and a gate pad provided on the second gate poly-silicon layer via an interlayer insulating film, and being electrically connected to the second gate poly-silicon layer, wherein a region between the front surface of the semiconductor substrate and the second gate poly-silicon layer is free of the field oxide film. 8. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the insulating film is a high temperature oxide film or a thermal oxide film, the field oxide film is a silicon oxide film, and field oxide film having a thickness greater than a thickness of the insulating film. | A first portion of the poly-silicon layer is provided on a first face of a front surface of a semiconductor substrate via a gate insulating film in an edge termination region and configures a gate runner. The first portion opposes an edge p++-type contact region in a depth direction Z. A chip-end-side edge of the first portion is positioned within a plane of the edge p++-type contact region. A field oxide film disposed separated from the poly-silicon layer, extends from a chip end toward a chip center and, on the first face, terminates closer to the chip end than does the first portion. The entire surface of the poly-silicon layer is flat, free of a step due to the field oxide film. A chip-center-side edge of the field oxide film is closer to the chip end than is the edge p++-type contact region and positioned on a p-type base region.1. A silicon carbide semiconductor device, comprising:
an active region; a termination region provided at a periphery of the active region; a semiconductor substrate containing silicon carbide; an insulated gate structure provided at a front surface side of the semiconductor substrate, the insulated gate structure being provided in the active region and including a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor formed by a 3-layer structure of a metal, an oxide film and a semiconductor, the semiconductor substrate including
a first-conductivity-type semiconductor layer, configuring a drift region of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, and
a second-conductivity-type semiconductor layer provided at the front surface side of the semiconductor substrate, and on the first-conductivity-type semiconductor layer, the second-conductivity-type semiconductor layer configuring a base region of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor;
a trench provided at the front surface side of the semiconductor substrate and extending in a first direction parallel to a front surface of the semiconductor substrate; an insulating film provided at the front surface side of the semiconductor substrate, a gate electrode of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor provided in the trench via the insulating film; a second-conductivity-type high-concentration region, provided in a surface region at the front surface side of the semiconductor substrate in the termination region, the second-conductivity-type high-concentration region forming a second-conductivity-type junction with the second-conductivity-type semiconductor layer, the second-conductivity-type high-concentration region having an impurity concentration higher than an impurity concentration of the second-conductivity-type semiconductor layer; a first gate poly-silicon layer provided on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate in the termination region via the insulating film, and facing the second-conductivity-type high-concentration region via the insulating film in a depth direction, the first gate poly-silicon layer surrounding the periphery of the active region, and having a rectangular ring shape, the first gate poly-silicon layer being electrically connected to the gate electrode at an end of the trench; and a field oxide film provided on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate in the termination region via the insulating film, the field oxide film surrounding a periphery of the first gate poly-silicon layer, and having a rectangular ring shape with four side parts, two of which extend in the first direction and the other two of which extend in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, wherein at least one side part of the field oxide film that extends in the second direction is disposed from an outer periphery of the termination region toward the active region in the first direction, a closest edge to the active region of the at least one side part is located at a position further from the active region than is a position of a furthest edge from the active region of the first gate poly-silicon layer. 2. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
at least one side part of the field oxide film that extends in the first direction is disposed from the outer periphery of the termination region toward the active region in the second direction, a closest edge to the active region of the at least one side part extending in the first direction is located at a same position as a closest edge from the active region of the first gate poly-silicon layer. 3. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein
the at least one side part includes the two side parts of the field oxide film that extend in the first direction and are each disposed from the outer periphery of the termination region toward the active region in the second direction, a closest edge to the active region of each of the two side parts extending in the first direction is located to the same position as the closest edge from the active region of the first gate poly-silicon layer. 4. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
a furthest edge from the active region of the second-conductivity-type high-concentration region is located at a position closer to the active region than is a position of a furthest edge from the active region of the second-conductivity-type semiconductor layer, and in at least two side parts of the field oxide film that extend in the second direction, a closest edge to the active region of each of the two side parts extending in the second direction is located on the second-conductivity-type semiconductor layer via the insulating film in the depth direction, and is located further from the active region than is a position of the second-conductivity-type junction. 5. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
an outer side edge of the first gate poly-silicon layer is positioned within a plane area of the second-conductivity-type high-concentration region. 6. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
an entire surface of the first gate poly-silicon layer is flat. 7. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second gate poly-silicon layer connected to the first gate poly-silicon layer, and being provided on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate via the insulating film in the active region; and a gate pad provided on the second gate poly-silicon layer via an interlayer insulating film, and being electrically connected to the second gate poly-silicon layer, wherein a region between the front surface of the semiconductor substrate and the second gate poly-silicon layer is free of the field oxide film. 8. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the insulating film is a high temperature oxide film or a thermal oxide film, the field oxide film is a silicon oxide film, and field oxide film having a thickness greater than a thickness of the insulating film. | 3,900 |
349,167 | 16,806,717 | 3,993 | Disclosed are an education assisting robot and a control method thereof. The method includes: capturing and recognizing students' faces from shot images, and checking students' attendance; and capturing a teacher's face from the shot images and identifying a target, and target-following the teacher. The role of a target character can be automatically distinguished from the images, and different actions can be made for different target characters, including attendance checking and target following, so as to provide more different response functions and reduce the workload of teachers. | 1. A control method of an education assisting robot, comprising:
capturing and recognizing students' faces from shot images, and checking students' attendance; and capturing a teacher's face from the shot images and identifying a target, and target-following the teacher. 2. The control method of claim 1, comprising:
receiving input student photos to create a student sign-in form; shooting real-time images by a binocular camera; capturing and recognizing students' faces from the shot images by a deep face recognition algorithm; and matching the recognized students' faces with the student photos of the student sign-in form to complete the attendance. 3. The control method of claim 2, comprising:
texturing the images by using an LBP histogram and extracting face features; performing SVR processing on the face features to obtain 2D-aligned 2D faces; Deloni triangulating the faces based on key points of the 2D faces and adding triangles to edges of face contours; converting the triangulated faces to 3D faces facing forward; and obtaining student face recognition results by face representation, normalization and classification of the 3D faces. 4. The control method of claim 1, comprising:
constructing a 2D map; capturing the teacher's face from the images shot by the binocular camera by a deep face recognition algorithm, and identifying the target; inferring, according to the images continuously shot by the binocular camera, a position of the target in a next frame of an image from a position of the target in a previous frame of the image, to create a motion trajectory of the target; and performing local path planning and global path planning on the 2D map according to the motion trajectory of the target. 5. The control method of claim 4, comprises:
acquiring motion attitude and peripheral images of the robot, and extracting landmark information from the peripheral images; and generating the 2D map according to the motion attitude of the robot and the landmark information. 6. The control method of claim 4, comprising:
generating multiple sample points uniformly in a bounding box of the position of the target in the previous frame of the image; tracking the multiple sample points forward from the previous frame to the next frame of the image, and then tracking the multiple sample points backward from the next frame to the previous frame of the image, so as to calculate FB errors of the multiple sample points; selecting half of the multiple sample points with small FB errors as optimal tracking points; calculating, according to a coordinate change of the optimal tracking points in the next frame relative to the previous frame, the position and size of a bounding box of the position of the target in the next frame of the image; and repeating the step of obtaining the bounding box of the position of the target in the next frame of the image from the bounding box of the position of the target in the previous frame of the image to create the motion trajectory of the target. 7. The control method of claim 6, further comprising:
classifying image samples in the bounding box into positive samples and negative samples by three cascaded image element variance classifiers, a random fern classifier and a nearest neighbor classifier; correcting the positive samples and the negative samples by P-N learning; and generating the multiple sample points in the corrected positive samples. 8. The control method of claim 4, comprising:
obtaining a shape of an obstacle through detection of a distance from the obstacle by a laser sensor and image analysis by the binocular camera; and identifying a travel speed and a travel direction by a dynamic window approach according to the distance from the obstacle and the shape of the obstacle; and the global path planning specifically comprises: defining multiple nodes in the 2D map; and obtaining an optimal global path by searching for and identifying a target node directly connected to a current node and having the least travel cost with the current node until the final node is the target node. 9. The control method of claim 4, further comprising:
connecting a course schedule library, the course schedule library comprising courses and course places corresponding to the courses; and querying the course schedule library for a course of a corresponding teacher, and automatically traveling to the course place corresponding to the course by referring to a path planned on the 2D map. 10. An education assisting robot, applied to the control method of claim 1, comprising an environment information collection module, a face information collection module, a motion module, a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores control instructions, the processor executes the control instructions and controls the environment information collection module, the face information collection module and the motion module to perform the following steps:
capturing and recognizing students' faces from shot images, and checking students' attendance; and capturing a teacher's face from the shot images and identifying a target, and target-following the teacher. 11. An education assisting robot, applied to the control method of claim 2, comprising an environment information collection module, a face information collection module, a motion module, a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores control instructions, the processor executes the control instructions and controls the environment information collection module, the face information collection module and the motion module to perform the following steps:
capturing and recognizing students' faces from shot images, and checking students' attendance; and capturing a teacher's face from the shot images and identifying a target, and target-following the teacher. 12. An education assisting robot, applied to the control method of claim 3, comprising an environment information collection module, a face information collection module, a motion module, a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores control instructions, the processor executes the control instructions and controls the environment information collection module, the face information collection module and the motion module to perform the following steps:
capturing and recognizing students' faces from shot images, and checking students' attendance; and capturing a teacher's face from the shot images and identifying a target, and target-following the teacher. 13. An education assisting robot, applied to the control method of claim 4, comprising an environment information collection module, a face information collection module, a motion module, a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores control instructions, the processor executes the control instructions and controls the environment information collection module, the face information collection module and the motion module to perform the following steps:
capturing and recognizing students' faces from shot images, and checking students' attendance; and capturing a teacher's face from the shot images and identifying a target, and target-following the teacher. 14. An education assisting robot, applied to the control method of claim 5, comprising an environment information collection module, a face information collection module, a motion module, a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores control instructions, the processor executes the control instructions and controls the environment information collection module, the face information collection module and the motion module to perform the following steps:
capturing and recognizing students' faces from shot images, and checking students' attendance; and capturing a teacher's face from the shot images and identifying a target, and target-following the teacher. 15. An education assisting robot, applied to the control method of claim 6, comprising an environment information collection module, a face information collection module, a motion module, a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores control instructions, the processor executes the control instructions and controls the environment information collection module, the face information collection module and the motion module to perform the following steps:
capturing and recognizing students' faces from shot images, and checking students' attendance; and capturing a teacher's face from the shot images and identifying a target, and target-following the teacher. 16. An education assisting robot, applied to the control method of claim 7, comprising an environment information collection module, a face information collection module, a motion module, a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores control instructions, the processor executes the control instructions and controls the environment information collection module, the face information collection module and the motion module to perform the following steps:
capturing and recognizing students' faces from shot images, and checking students' attendance; and capturing a teacher's face from the shot images and identifying a target, and target-following the teacher. 17. An education assisting robot, applied to the control method of claim 8, comprising an environment information collection module, a face information collection module, a motion module, a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores control instructions, the processor executes the control instructions and controls the environment information collection module, the face information collection module and the motion module to perform the following steps:
capturing and recognizing students' faces from shot images, and checking students' attendance; and capturing a teacher's face from the shot images and identifying a target, and target-following the teacher. 18. An education assisting robot, applied to the control method of claim 9, comprising an environment information collection module, a face information collection module, a motion module, a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores control instructions, the processor executes the control instructions and controls the environment information collection module, the face information collection module and the motion module to perform the following steps:
capturing and recognizing students' faces from shot images, and checking students' attendance; and capturing a teacher's face from the shot images and identifying a target, and target-following the teacher. | Disclosed are an education assisting robot and a control method thereof. The method includes: capturing and recognizing students' faces from shot images, and checking students' attendance; and capturing a teacher's face from the shot images and identifying a target, and target-following the teacher. The role of a target character can be automatically distinguished from the images, and different actions can be made for different target characters, including attendance checking and target following, so as to provide more different response functions and reduce the workload of teachers.1. A control method of an education assisting robot, comprising:
capturing and recognizing students' faces from shot images, and checking students' attendance; and capturing a teacher's face from the shot images and identifying a target, and target-following the teacher. 2. The control method of claim 1, comprising:
receiving input student photos to create a student sign-in form; shooting real-time images by a binocular camera; capturing and recognizing students' faces from the shot images by a deep face recognition algorithm; and matching the recognized students' faces with the student photos of the student sign-in form to complete the attendance. 3. The control method of claim 2, comprising:
texturing the images by using an LBP histogram and extracting face features; performing SVR processing on the face features to obtain 2D-aligned 2D faces; Deloni triangulating the faces based on key points of the 2D faces and adding triangles to edges of face contours; converting the triangulated faces to 3D faces facing forward; and obtaining student face recognition results by face representation, normalization and classification of the 3D faces. 4. The control method of claim 1, comprising:
constructing a 2D map; capturing the teacher's face from the images shot by the binocular camera by a deep face recognition algorithm, and identifying the target; inferring, according to the images continuously shot by the binocular camera, a position of the target in a next frame of an image from a position of the target in a previous frame of the image, to create a motion trajectory of the target; and performing local path planning and global path planning on the 2D map according to the motion trajectory of the target. 5. The control method of claim 4, comprises:
acquiring motion attitude and peripheral images of the robot, and extracting landmark information from the peripheral images; and generating the 2D map according to the motion attitude of the robot and the landmark information. 6. The control method of claim 4, comprising:
generating multiple sample points uniformly in a bounding box of the position of the target in the previous frame of the image; tracking the multiple sample points forward from the previous frame to the next frame of the image, and then tracking the multiple sample points backward from the next frame to the previous frame of the image, so as to calculate FB errors of the multiple sample points; selecting half of the multiple sample points with small FB errors as optimal tracking points; calculating, according to a coordinate change of the optimal tracking points in the next frame relative to the previous frame, the position and size of a bounding box of the position of the target in the next frame of the image; and repeating the step of obtaining the bounding box of the position of the target in the next frame of the image from the bounding box of the position of the target in the previous frame of the image to create the motion trajectory of the target. 7. The control method of claim 6, further comprising:
classifying image samples in the bounding box into positive samples and negative samples by three cascaded image element variance classifiers, a random fern classifier and a nearest neighbor classifier; correcting the positive samples and the negative samples by P-N learning; and generating the multiple sample points in the corrected positive samples. 8. The control method of claim 4, comprising:
obtaining a shape of an obstacle through detection of a distance from the obstacle by a laser sensor and image analysis by the binocular camera; and identifying a travel speed and a travel direction by a dynamic window approach according to the distance from the obstacle and the shape of the obstacle; and the global path planning specifically comprises: defining multiple nodes in the 2D map; and obtaining an optimal global path by searching for and identifying a target node directly connected to a current node and having the least travel cost with the current node until the final node is the target node. 9. The control method of claim 4, further comprising:
connecting a course schedule library, the course schedule library comprising courses and course places corresponding to the courses; and querying the course schedule library for a course of a corresponding teacher, and automatically traveling to the course place corresponding to the course by referring to a path planned on the 2D map. 10. An education assisting robot, applied to the control method of claim 1, comprising an environment information collection module, a face information collection module, a motion module, a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores control instructions, the processor executes the control instructions and controls the environment information collection module, the face information collection module and the motion module to perform the following steps:
capturing and recognizing students' faces from shot images, and checking students' attendance; and capturing a teacher's face from the shot images and identifying a target, and target-following the teacher. 11. An education assisting robot, applied to the control method of claim 2, comprising an environment information collection module, a face information collection module, a motion module, a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores control instructions, the processor executes the control instructions and controls the environment information collection module, the face information collection module and the motion module to perform the following steps:
capturing and recognizing students' faces from shot images, and checking students' attendance; and capturing a teacher's face from the shot images and identifying a target, and target-following the teacher. 12. An education assisting robot, applied to the control method of claim 3, comprising an environment information collection module, a face information collection module, a motion module, a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores control instructions, the processor executes the control instructions and controls the environment information collection module, the face information collection module and the motion module to perform the following steps:
capturing and recognizing students' faces from shot images, and checking students' attendance; and capturing a teacher's face from the shot images and identifying a target, and target-following the teacher. 13. An education assisting robot, applied to the control method of claim 4, comprising an environment information collection module, a face information collection module, a motion module, a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores control instructions, the processor executes the control instructions and controls the environment information collection module, the face information collection module and the motion module to perform the following steps:
capturing and recognizing students' faces from shot images, and checking students' attendance; and capturing a teacher's face from the shot images and identifying a target, and target-following the teacher. 14. An education assisting robot, applied to the control method of claim 5, comprising an environment information collection module, a face information collection module, a motion module, a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores control instructions, the processor executes the control instructions and controls the environment information collection module, the face information collection module and the motion module to perform the following steps:
capturing and recognizing students' faces from shot images, and checking students' attendance; and capturing a teacher's face from the shot images and identifying a target, and target-following the teacher. 15. An education assisting robot, applied to the control method of claim 6, comprising an environment information collection module, a face information collection module, a motion module, a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores control instructions, the processor executes the control instructions and controls the environment information collection module, the face information collection module and the motion module to perform the following steps:
capturing and recognizing students' faces from shot images, and checking students' attendance; and capturing a teacher's face from the shot images and identifying a target, and target-following the teacher. 16. An education assisting robot, applied to the control method of claim 7, comprising an environment information collection module, a face information collection module, a motion module, a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores control instructions, the processor executes the control instructions and controls the environment information collection module, the face information collection module and the motion module to perform the following steps:
capturing and recognizing students' faces from shot images, and checking students' attendance; and capturing a teacher's face from the shot images and identifying a target, and target-following the teacher. 17. An education assisting robot, applied to the control method of claim 8, comprising an environment information collection module, a face information collection module, a motion module, a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores control instructions, the processor executes the control instructions and controls the environment information collection module, the face information collection module and the motion module to perform the following steps:
capturing and recognizing students' faces from shot images, and checking students' attendance; and capturing a teacher's face from the shot images and identifying a target, and target-following the teacher. 18. An education assisting robot, applied to the control method of claim 9, comprising an environment information collection module, a face information collection module, a motion module, a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores control instructions, the processor executes the control instructions and controls the environment information collection module, the face information collection module and the motion module to perform the following steps:
capturing and recognizing students' faces from shot images, and checking students' attendance; and capturing a teacher's face from the shot images and identifying a target, and target-following the teacher. | 3,900 |
349,168 | 16,806,737 | 3,993 | A tire for motorcycles includes a toroidal carcass and a band layer. Carcass plies are overlapped so that carcass cords cross each other. The carcass plies include at least one turned up ply including a main body portion and a turned up portion. The carcass cords of the main body portion are arranged at angles of 20 degrees or more and 70 degrees or less with respect to a tire equator, and the carcass cords of the turned up portion are arranged at angles different from the carcass cords of the main body portion. The band layer includes a jointless band ply in which band cords are spirally arranged at angles of 5 degrees or less with respect to a tire circumferential direction. | 1. A tire for motorcycles comprising a toroidal carcass and a band layer, wherein
the carcass is formed by a plurality of carcass plies in which carcass cords are arranged in parallel, the carcass plies are overlapped so that the carcass cords cross each other, the carcass plies include at least one turned up ply which includes a main body portion extending between a tread portion and a bead core of a bead portion through a sidewall portion and a turned up portion connected with the main body portion and turned up around the bead core so as to extend outwardly in a tire radial direction, the carcass cords of the main body portion are arranged at an angle of 20 degrees or more and 70 degrees or less with respect to a tire equator, and the carcass cords of the turned up portion are arranged at an angle different from the carcass cords of the main body portion with respect to a tire circumferential direction, and the band layer is arranged radially outside the carcass and inside the tread portion, and includes a jointless band ply in which band cords are spirally arranged at angles of 5 degrees or less with respect to the tire circumferential direction. 2. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
the angle of the carcass cords of the turned up portion are larger than the angle of the carcass cords of the main body portion. 3. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
the angle of the carcass cords of the turned up portion are smaller than the angle of the carcass cords of the main body portion. 4. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
no other cord reinforcing layer is provided between an outer surface of the tread portion and the band layer. 5. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
a thickness of a side thinnest portion which has the smallest tire thickness in the sidewall portion and the bead portion is smaller than a thickness of the tread portion at the tire equator. 6. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 5, wherein
the thickness of the side thinnest portion is 0.70 times or less the thickness of the tread portion. 7. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 5, wherein
a radially outer end of the turned up portion is positioned radially outside the side thinnest portion. 8. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
a radially outer end of the turned up portion is positioned radially inside an outer end in a tire axial direction of the band layer. 9. A tire set for motorcycles including the tires according to claim 1 as a tire for a front wheel and a tire for a rear wheel, wherein
the angle of the carcass cords of the main body portion of the tire for a front wheel are smaller than the angle of the carcass cords of the main body portion of the tire for a rear wheel. 10. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of the carcass plies is a first carcass ply and a second carcass ply, and the carcass cords of the first carcass ply are inclined in a direction opposite to the carcass cords of the second carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction. 11. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 10, wherein
an absolute value of the angle of the carcass cords of the first carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction is the same as an absolute value of the angle of the carcass cords of the second carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction. 12. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 10, wherein
the angle of the carcass cords of the first carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction and the angle of the carcass cords of the second carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction are each 30 degrees or more and 60 degrees or less. 13. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 12, wherein
the angle of the carcass cords of the first carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction and the angle of the carcass cords of the second carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction are each 40 degrees or more. 14. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 12, wherein
the angle of the carcass cords of the first carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction and the angle of the carcass cords of the second carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction are each 50 degrees or less. 15. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
an angle difference between the carcass cords of the main body portion and the carcass cords of the turned up portion is 3 degrees or more and 15 degrees or less. 16. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 15, wherein
the angle difference between the carcass cords of the main body portion and the carcass cords of the turned up portion is 5 degrees or more. 17. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 15, wherein
the angle difference between the carcass cords of the main body portion and the carcass cords of the turned up portion is 10 degrees or less. 18. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
a turned up height is 0.30 times or more and 0.50 times or less a tire height, the turned up height is a radial distance between a bead baseline and a radially outer end of the turned up portion, and the tire height is a radial distance between the bead base line and a radially outer end of the tread portion. 19. The tire set for motorcycles according to claim 9, wherein
an angle difference between the carcass cords of the main body portion of the tire for a front wheel and the carcass cords of the main body portion of the tire for a rear wheel is 3 degrees or more and 20 degrees or less. 20. The tire set for motorcycles according to claim 19, wherein
the angle difference between the carcass cords of the main body portion of the tire for a front wheel and the carcass cords of the main body portion of the tire for a rear wheel is 5 degrees or more and 10 degrees or less. | A tire for motorcycles includes a toroidal carcass and a band layer. Carcass plies are overlapped so that carcass cords cross each other. The carcass plies include at least one turned up ply including a main body portion and a turned up portion. The carcass cords of the main body portion are arranged at angles of 20 degrees or more and 70 degrees or less with respect to a tire equator, and the carcass cords of the turned up portion are arranged at angles different from the carcass cords of the main body portion. The band layer includes a jointless band ply in which band cords are spirally arranged at angles of 5 degrees or less with respect to a tire circumferential direction.1. A tire for motorcycles comprising a toroidal carcass and a band layer, wherein
the carcass is formed by a plurality of carcass plies in which carcass cords are arranged in parallel, the carcass plies are overlapped so that the carcass cords cross each other, the carcass plies include at least one turned up ply which includes a main body portion extending between a tread portion and a bead core of a bead portion through a sidewall portion and a turned up portion connected with the main body portion and turned up around the bead core so as to extend outwardly in a tire radial direction, the carcass cords of the main body portion are arranged at an angle of 20 degrees or more and 70 degrees or less with respect to a tire equator, and the carcass cords of the turned up portion are arranged at an angle different from the carcass cords of the main body portion with respect to a tire circumferential direction, and the band layer is arranged radially outside the carcass and inside the tread portion, and includes a jointless band ply in which band cords are spirally arranged at angles of 5 degrees or less with respect to the tire circumferential direction. 2. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
the angle of the carcass cords of the turned up portion are larger than the angle of the carcass cords of the main body portion. 3. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
the angle of the carcass cords of the turned up portion are smaller than the angle of the carcass cords of the main body portion. 4. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
no other cord reinforcing layer is provided between an outer surface of the tread portion and the band layer. 5. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
a thickness of a side thinnest portion which has the smallest tire thickness in the sidewall portion and the bead portion is smaller than a thickness of the tread portion at the tire equator. 6. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 5, wherein
the thickness of the side thinnest portion is 0.70 times or less the thickness of the tread portion. 7. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 5, wherein
a radially outer end of the turned up portion is positioned radially outside the side thinnest portion. 8. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
a radially outer end of the turned up portion is positioned radially inside an outer end in a tire axial direction of the band layer. 9. A tire set for motorcycles including the tires according to claim 1 as a tire for a front wheel and a tire for a rear wheel, wherein
the angle of the carcass cords of the main body portion of the tire for a front wheel are smaller than the angle of the carcass cords of the main body portion of the tire for a rear wheel. 10. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of the carcass plies is a first carcass ply and a second carcass ply, and the carcass cords of the first carcass ply are inclined in a direction opposite to the carcass cords of the second carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction. 11. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 10, wherein
an absolute value of the angle of the carcass cords of the first carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction is the same as an absolute value of the angle of the carcass cords of the second carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction. 12. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 10, wherein
the angle of the carcass cords of the first carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction and the angle of the carcass cords of the second carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction are each 30 degrees or more and 60 degrees or less. 13. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 12, wherein
the angle of the carcass cords of the first carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction and the angle of the carcass cords of the second carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction are each 40 degrees or more. 14. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 12, wherein
the angle of the carcass cords of the first carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction and the angle of the carcass cords of the second carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction are each 50 degrees or less. 15. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
an angle difference between the carcass cords of the main body portion and the carcass cords of the turned up portion is 3 degrees or more and 15 degrees or less. 16. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 15, wherein
the angle difference between the carcass cords of the main body portion and the carcass cords of the turned up portion is 5 degrees or more. 17. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 15, wherein
the angle difference between the carcass cords of the main body portion and the carcass cords of the turned up portion is 10 degrees or less. 18. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
a turned up height is 0.30 times or more and 0.50 times or less a tire height, the turned up height is a radial distance between a bead baseline and a radially outer end of the turned up portion, and the tire height is a radial distance between the bead base line and a radially outer end of the tread portion. 19. The tire set for motorcycles according to claim 9, wherein
an angle difference between the carcass cords of the main body portion of the tire for a front wheel and the carcass cords of the main body portion of the tire for a rear wheel is 3 degrees or more and 20 degrees or less. 20. The tire set for motorcycles according to claim 19, wherein
the angle difference between the carcass cords of the main body portion of the tire for a front wheel and the carcass cords of the main body portion of the tire for a rear wheel is 5 degrees or more and 10 degrees or less. | 3,900 |
349,169 | 16,806,753 | 3,655 | A tire for motorcycles includes a toroidal carcass and a band layer. Carcass plies are overlapped so that carcass cords cross each other. The carcass plies include at least one turned up ply including a main body portion and a turned up portion. The carcass cords of the main body portion are arranged at angles of 20 degrees or more and 70 degrees or less with respect to a tire equator, and the carcass cords of the turned up portion are arranged at angles different from the carcass cords of the main body portion. The band layer includes a jointless band ply in which band cords are spirally arranged at angles of 5 degrees or less with respect to a tire circumferential direction. | 1. A tire for motorcycles comprising a toroidal carcass and a band layer, wherein
the carcass is formed by a plurality of carcass plies in which carcass cords are arranged in parallel, the carcass plies are overlapped so that the carcass cords cross each other, the carcass plies include at least one turned up ply which includes a main body portion extending between a tread portion and a bead core of a bead portion through a sidewall portion and a turned up portion connected with the main body portion and turned up around the bead core so as to extend outwardly in a tire radial direction, the carcass cords of the main body portion are arranged at an angle of 20 degrees or more and 70 degrees or less with respect to a tire equator, and the carcass cords of the turned up portion are arranged at an angle different from the carcass cords of the main body portion with respect to a tire circumferential direction, and the band layer is arranged radially outside the carcass and inside the tread portion, and includes a jointless band ply in which band cords are spirally arranged at angles of 5 degrees or less with respect to the tire circumferential direction. 2. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
the angle of the carcass cords of the turned up portion are larger than the angle of the carcass cords of the main body portion. 3. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
the angle of the carcass cords of the turned up portion are smaller than the angle of the carcass cords of the main body portion. 4. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
no other cord reinforcing layer is provided between an outer surface of the tread portion and the band layer. 5. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
a thickness of a side thinnest portion which has the smallest tire thickness in the sidewall portion and the bead portion is smaller than a thickness of the tread portion at the tire equator. 6. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 5, wherein
the thickness of the side thinnest portion is 0.70 times or less the thickness of the tread portion. 7. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 5, wherein
a radially outer end of the turned up portion is positioned radially outside the side thinnest portion. 8. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
a radially outer end of the turned up portion is positioned radially inside an outer end in a tire axial direction of the band layer. 9. A tire set for motorcycles including the tires according to claim 1 as a tire for a front wheel and a tire for a rear wheel, wherein
the angle of the carcass cords of the main body portion of the tire for a front wheel are smaller than the angle of the carcass cords of the main body portion of the tire for a rear wheel. 10. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of the carcass plies is a first carcass ply and a second carcass ply, and the carcass cords of the first carcass ply are inclined in a direction opposite to the carcass cords of the second carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction. 11. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 10, wherein
an absolute value of the angle of the carcass cords of the first carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction is the same as an absolute value of the angle of the carcass cords of the second carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction. 12. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 10, wherein
the angle of the carcass cords of the first carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction and the angle of the carcass cords of the second carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction are each 30 degrees or more and 60 degrees or less. 13. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 12, wherein
the angle of the carcass cords of the first carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction and the angle of the carcass cords of the second carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction are each 40 degrees or more. 14. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 12, wherein
the angle of the carcass cords of the first carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction and the angle of the carcass cords of the second carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction are each 50 degrees or less. 15. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
an angle difference between the carcass cords of the main body portion and the carcass cords of the turned up portion is 3 degrees or more and 15 degrees or less. 16. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 15, wherein
the angle difference between the carcass cords of the main body portion and the carcass cords of the turned up portion is 5 degrees or more. 17. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 15, wherein
the angle difference between the carcass cords of the main body portion and the carcass cords of the turned up portion is 10 degrees or less. 18. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
a turned up height is 0.30 times or more and 0.50 times or less a tire height, the turned up height is a radial distance between a bead baseline and a radially outer end of the turned up portion, and the tire height is a radial distance between the bead base line and a radially outer end of the tread portion. 19. The tire set for motorcycles according to claim 9, wherein
an angle difference between the carcass cords of the main body portion of the tire for a front wheel and the carcass cords of the main body portion of the tire for a rear wheel is 3 degrees or more and 20 degrees or less. 20. The tire set for motorcycles according to claim 19, wherein
the angle difference between the carcass cords of the main body portion of the tire for a front wheel and the carcass cords of the main body portion of the tire for a rear wheel is 5 degrees or more and 10 degrees or less. | A tire for motorcycles includes a toroidal carcass and a band layer. Carcass plies are overlapped so that carcass cords cross each other. The carcass plies include at least one turned up ply including a main body portion and a turned up portion. The carcass cords of the main body portion are arranged at angles of 20 degrees or more and 70 degrees or less with respect to a tire equator, and the carcass cords of the turned up portion are arranged at angles different from the carcass cords of the main body portion. The band layer includes a jointless band ply in which band cords are spirally arranged at angles of 5 degrees or less with respect to a tire circumferential direction.1. A tire for motorcycles comprising a toroidal carcass and a band layer, wherein
the carcass is formed by a plurality of carcass plies in which carcass cords are arranged in parallel, the carcass plies are overlapped so that the carcass cords cross each other, the carcass plies include at least one turned up ply which includes a main body portion extending between a tread portion and a bead core of a bead portion through a sidewall portion and a turned up portion connected with the main body portion and turned up around the bead core so as to extend outwardly in a tire radial direction, the carcass cords of the main body portion are arranged at an angle of 20 degrees or more and 70 degrees or less with respect to a tire equator, and the carcass cords of the turned up portion are arranged at an angle different from the carcass cords of the main body portion with respect to a tire circumferential direction, and the band layer is arranged radially outside the carcass and inside the tread portion, and includes a jointless band ply in which band cords are spirally arranged at angles of 5 degrees or less with respect to the tire circumferential direction. 2. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
the angle of the carcass cords of the turned up portion are larger than the angle of the carcass cords of the main body portion. 3. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
the angle of the carcass cords of the turned up portion are smaller than the angle of the carcass cords of the main body portion. 4. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
no other cord reinforcing layer is provided between an outer surface of the tread portion and the band layer. 5. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
a thickness of a side thinnest portion which has the smallest tire thickness in the sidewall portion and the bead portion is smaller than a thickness of the tread portion at the tire equator. 6. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 5, wherein
the thickness of the side thinnest portion is 0.70 times or less the thickness of the tread portion. 7. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 5, wherein
a radially outer end of the turned up portion is positioned radially outside the side thinnest portion. 8. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
a radially outer end of the turned up portion is positioned radially inside an outer end in a tire axial direction of the band layer. 9. A tire set for motorcycles including the tires according to claim 1 as a tire for a front wheel and a tire for a rear wheel, wherein
the angle of the carcass cords of the main body portion of the tire for a front wheel are smaller than the angle of the carcass cords of the main body portion of the tire for a rear wheel. 10. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of the carcass plies is a first carcass ply and a second carcass ply, and the carcass cords of the first carcass ply are inclined in a direction opposite to the carcass cords of the second carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction. 11. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 10, wherein
an absolute value of the angle of the carcass cords of the first carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction is the same as an absolute value of the angle of the carcass cords of the second carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction. 12. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 10, wherein
the angle of the carcass cords of the first carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction and the angle of the carcass cords of the second carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction are each 30 degrees or more and 60 degrees or less. 13. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 12, wherein
the angle of the carcass cords of the first carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction and the angle of the carcass cords of the second carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction are each 40 degrees or more. 14. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 12, wherein
the angle of the carcass cords of the first carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction and the angle of the carcass cords of the second carcass ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction are each 50 degrees or less. 15. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
an angle difference between the carcass cords of the main body portion and the carcass cords of the turned up portion is 3 degrees or more and 15 degrees or less. 16. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 15, wherein
the angle difference between the carcass cords of the main body portion and the carcass cords of the turned up portion is 5 degrees or more. 17. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 15, wherein
the angle difference between the carcass cords of the main body portion and the carcass cords of the turned up portion is 10 degrees or less. 18. The tire for motorcycles according to claim 1, wherein
a turned up height is 0.30 times or more and 0.50 times or less a tire height, the turned up height is a radial distance between a bead baseline and a radially outer end of the turned up portion, and the tire height is a radial distance between the bead base line and a radially outer end of the tread portion. 19. The tire set for motorcycles according to claim 9, wherein
an angle difference between the carcass cords of the main body portion of the tire for a front wheel and the carcass cords of the main body portion of the tire for a rear wheel is 3 degrees or more and 20 degrees or less. 20. The tire set for motorcycles according to claim 19, wherein
the angle difference between the carcass cords of the main body portion of the tire for a front wheel and the carcass cords of the main body portion of the tire for a rear wheel is 5 degrees or more and 10 degrees or less. | 3,600 |
349,170 | 16,806,715 | 3,655 | A system includes an emergency response vehicle transitionable between a motive state and a non-motive state and a tool. The tool includes an identifier and is configured to be removably secured to the emergency response vehicle. The system further includes a scanner coupled to the emergency response vehicle and operable to identify the identifier when the tool is secured to the emergency response vehicle. A control module is communicatively coupled to the scanner and includes a processor and a memory storing instructions which cause the processor to determine that the emergency response vehicle has transitioned between the motive state and the non-motive state, and, in response to determining that the emergency response vehicle has transitioned between the motive state and the non-motive state, cause the scanner to scan the emergency response vehicle for the identifier to determine whether the tool is secured to the emergency response vehicle. | 1. A system comprising:
an emergency response vehicle transitionable between a motive state and a non-motive state; a tool comprising an identifier, said tool configured to be removably secured to said emergency response vehicle; a scanner coupled to said emergency response vehicle and operable to identify said identifier when said tool is secured to said emergency response vehicle; and a control module communicatively coupled to said scanner, said control module comprising a processor and a memory storing instructions thereon, wherein the instructions, when executed by said processor, cause said processor to:
determine that said emergency response vehicle has transitioned between the motive state and the non-motive state; and
in response to determining that said emergency response vehicle has transitioned between the motive state and the non-motive state, cause said scanner to scan said emergency response vehicle for said identifier to determine whether said tool is secured to said emergency response vehicle. 2. A system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said emergency response vehicle comprises a transmission communicatively coupled to said control module, wherein said processor determines that said emergency response vehicle has transitioned between the motive state and the non-motive state by determining that said transmission transitions between a non-motive gear and a motive gear. 3. A system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said identifier identifies a tool type of said tool. 4. A system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said scanner is coupled in wireless communication with said control module. 5. A system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said emergency response vehicle further comprises a compartment sized to receive said tool, wherein said scanner is coupled to said compartment. 6. A system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said emergency response vehicle is one of an ambulance and a fire-fighting vehicle. 7. A system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by said processor, further cause said processor to:
identify, via the scan, said tool; and store, in said memory, a first record indicating that said tool was secured to said emergency response vehicle during the scan in response to identifying said tool. 8. A system in accordance with claim 7 further comprising a display communicatively coupled to said control module, wherein the instructions, when executed by said processor, further cause said processor to:
cause said scanner to perform a subsequent scan of said emergency response vehicle for said identifier;
store, in said memory, a second record indicating that said tool was not secured to said emergency response vehicle during the subsequent scan;
determine that said tool is missing by comparing the first record to the second record to; and
generate, by said display, a notification that said tool is missing, in response to determining that said tool is missing. 9. A system in accordance with claim 7 further comprising a display communicatively coupled to said control module, wherein the instructions, when executed by said processor, further cause said processor to:
cause said scanner to perform a subsequent scan of said emergency response vehicle for said identifier;
store, in said memory, a second record indicating that said tool was secured to said emergency response vehicle during the subsequent scan;
determine that said tool is accounted for by comparing the first record to the second record to; and
generate, by said display, a notification that said tool is accounted for in response to determining that said tool is accounted for. 10. A controller for use with an emergency response vehicle transitionable between a motive state and a non-motive state, said controller configured to be communicatively coupled to a scanner operable to identify an identifier of a tool, said controller configured to:
determine that the emergency response vehicle has transitioned between a motive state and a non-motive state; and in response to determining that the emergency response vehicle has transitioned between the motive state and the non-motive state, cause the scanner to scan the emergency response vehicle for the identifier to determine whether the tool is secured to the emergency response vehicle. 11. A controller in accordance with claim 10, wherein said controller is further configured to be communicatively coupled to a transmission of the emergency response vehicle, wherein said controller is configured to determine that the emergency response vehicle has transitioned between the motive state and the non-motive state by determining that the transmission transitions between a non-motive gear and a motive gear. 12. A controller in accordance with claim 10, wherein said controller is further configured to:
identify, via the scan, the tool; and store, in response to identifying the tool, a first record indicating that the tool was secured to the emergency response vehicle during the scan. 13. A controller in accordance with claim 12, wherein said controller is further configured to be communicatively coupled to a display, said controller further configured to:
cause the scanner to perform a subsequent scan of the emergency response vehicle for the identifier; store a second record indicating that the tool was not secured to the emergency response vehicle during the subsequent scan; determine that the tool is missing by comparing the first record to the second record; and generate, by the display, a notification that the tool is missing in response to determining that the tool is missing. 14. A controller in accordance with claim 12, wherein said controller is further configured to be communicatively coupled to a display, said controller further configured to:
cause the scanner to perform a subsequent scan of the emergency response vehicle for the identifier; store a second record indicating that the tool was secured to the emergency response vehicle during the subsequent scan; determine that the tool is accounted for by comparing the first record to the second record; and generate, by the display, a notification that the tool is accounted for in response to determining that the tool is accounted for. 15. A method for scanning an emergency response vehicle including a scanner coupled to the emergency response vehicle and a control module communicatively coupled to the scanner, said method comprising:
providing a tool having an identifier, the tool configured to be removably secured to the emergency response vehicle; determining, by the control module, that the emergency response vehicle has transitioned between a motive state and a non-motive state; and scanning the emergency response vehicle for the identifier, using the scanner, in response to determining that the emergency response vehicle has transitioned between the motive state and the non-motive state to determine whether the tool is secured to the emergency response vehicle. 16. A method in accordance with claim 15, wherein the emergency response vehicle includes a transmission, wherein determining that the emergency response vehicle has transitioned between the motive state and the non-motive state further comprises determining that the transmission has transitioned between a non-motive gear and a motive gear. 17. A method in accordance with claim 15 further comprising coupling the scanner to a compartment of the emergency response vehicle sized to receive the tool. 18. A method in accordance with claim 15 further comprising:
identifying, by the control module, the tool; and
storing, in a memory of the control module, a first record indicating that the tool was secured to the emergency response vehicle during the scan in response to identifying the tool. 19. A method in accordance with claim 18 further comprising:
performing a subsequent scan of the emergency response vehicle for the identifier;
storing, in the memory of the control module, a second record indicating that the tool was not secured to the emergency response vehicle during the subsequent scan;
determining that the tool is missing by comparing the first record to the second record; and
generating, by a display communicatively coupled to the control module, a notification that the tool is missing in response to determining that the tool is missing. 20. A method in accordance with claim 18 further comprising:
performing a subsequent scan of the emergency response vehicle for the identifier;
storing, in the memory of the control module, a second record indicating that the tool that the tool was secured to the emergency response vehicle during the subsequent scan;
determining that the tool is in a state of readiness by comparing the first record to the second record; and
generating, by a display communicatively coupled to the control module, a notification that the tool is accounted for in response to determining that the tool is accounted for. | A system includes an emergency response vehicle transitionable between a motive state and a non-motive state and a tool. The tool includes an identifier and is configured to be removably secured to the emergency response vehicle. The system further includes a scanner coupled to the emergency response vehicle and operable to identify the identifier when the tool is secured to the emergency response vehicle. A control module is communicatively coupled to the scanner and includes a processor and a memory storing instructions which cause the processor to determine that the emergency response vehicle has transitioned between the motive state and the non-motive state, and, in response to determining that the emergency response vehicle has transitioned between the motive state and the non-motive state, cause the scanner to scan the emergency response vehicle for the identifier to determine whether the tool is secured to the emergency response vehicle.1. A system comprising:
an emergency response vehicle transitionable between a motive state and a non-motive state; a tool comprising an identifier, said tool configured to be removably secured to said emergency response vehicle; a scanner coupled to said emergency response vehicle and operable to identify said identifier when said tool is secured to said emergency response vehicle; and a control module communicatively coupled to said scanner, said control module comprising a processor and a memory storing instructions thereon, wherein the instructions, when executed by said processor, cause said processor to:
determine that said emergency response vehicle has transitioned between the motive state and the non-motive state; and
in response to determining that said emergency response vehicle has transitioned between the motive state and the non-motive state, cause said scanner to scan said emergency response vehicle for said identifier to determine whether said tool is secured to said emergency response vehicle. 2. A system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said emergency response vehicle comprises a transmission communicatively coupled to said control module, wherein said processor determines that said emergency response vehicle has transitioned between the motive state and the non-motive state by determining that said transmission transitions between a non-motive gear and a motive gear. 3. A system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said identifier identifies a tool type of said tool. 4. A system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said scanner is coupled in wireless communication with said control module. 5. A system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said emergency response vehicle further comprises a compartment sized to receive said tool, wherein said scanner is coupled to said compartment. 6. A system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said emergency response vehicle is one of an ambulance and a fire-fighting vehicle. 7. A system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by said processor, further cause said processor to:
identify, via the scan, said tool; and store, in said memory, a first record indicating that said tool was secured to said emergency response vehicle during the scan in response to identifying said tool. 8. A system in accordance with claim 7 further comprising a display communicatively coupled to said control module, wherein the instructions, when executed by said processor, further cause said processor to:
cause said scanner to perform a subsequent scan of said emergency response vehicle for said identifier;
store, in said memory, a second record indicating that said tool was not secured to said emergency response vehicle during the subsequent scan;
determine that said tool is missing by comparing the first record to the second record to; and
generate, by said display, a notification that said tool is missing, in response to determining that said tool is missing. 9. A system in accordance with claim 7 further comprising a display communicatively coupled to said control module, wherein the instructions, when executed by said processor, further cause said processor to:
cause said scanner to perform a subsequent scan of said emergency response vehicle for said identifier;
store, in said memory, a second record indicating that said tool was secured to said emergency response vehicle during the subsequent scan;
determine that said tool is accounted for by comparing the first record to the second record to; and
generate, by said display, a notification that said tool is accounted for in response to determining that said tool is accounted for. 10. A controller for use with an emergency response vehicle transitionable between a motive state and a non-motive state, said controller configured to be communicatively coupled to a scanner operable to identify an identifier of a tool, said controller configured to:
determine that the emergency response vehicle has transitioned between a motive state and a non-motive state; and in response to determining that the emergency response vehicle has transitioned between the motive state and the non-motive state, cause the scanner to scan the emergency response vehicle for the identifier to determine whether the tool is secured to the emergency response vehicle. 11. A controller in accordance with claim 10, wherein said controller is further configured to be communicatively coupled to a transmission of the emergency response vehicle, wherein said controller is configured to determine that the emergency response vehicle has transitioned between the motive state and the non-motive state by determining that the transmission transitions between a non-motive gear and a motive gear. 12. A controller in accordance with claim 10, wherein said controller is further configured to:
identify, via the scan, the tool; and store, in response to identifying the tool, a first record indicating that the tool was secured to the emergency response vehicle during the scan. 13. A controller in accordance with claim 12, wherein said controller is further configured to be communicatively coupled to a display, said controller further configured to:
cause the scanner to perform a subsequent scan of the emergency response vehicle for the identifier; store a second record indicating that the tool was not secured to the emergency response vehicle during the subsequent scan; determine that the tool is missing by comparing the first record to the second record; and generate, by the display, a notification that the tool is missing in response to determining that the tool is missing. 14. A controller in accordance with claim 12, wherein said controller is further configured to be communicatively coupled to a display, said controller further configured to:
cause the scanner to perform a subsequent scan of the emergency response vehicle for the identifier; store a second record indicating that the tool was secured to the emergency response vehicle during the subsequent scan; determine that the tool is accounted for by comparing the first record to the second record; and generate, by the display, a notification that the tool is accounted for in response to determining that the tool is accounted for. 15. A method for scanning an emergency response vehicle including a scanner coupled to the emergency response vehicle and a control module communicatively coupled to the scanner, said method comprising:
providing a tool having an identifier, the tool configured to be removably secured to the emergency response vehicle; determining, by the control module, that the emergency response vehicle has transitioned between a motive state and a non-motive state; and scanning the emergency response vehicle for the identifier, using the scanner, in response to determining that the emergency response vehicle has transitioned between the motive state and the non-motive state to determine whether the tool is secured to the emergency response vehicle. 16. A method in accordance with claim 15, wherein the emergency response vehicle includes a transmission, wherein determining that the emergency response vehicle has transitioned between the motive state and the non-motive state further comprises determining that the transmission has transitioned between a non-motive gear and a motive gear. 17. A method in accordance with claim 15 further comprising coupling the scanner to a compartment of the emergency response vehicle sized to receive the tool. 18. A method in accordance with claim 15 further comprising:
identifying, by the control module, the tool; and
storing, in a memory of the control module, a first record indicating that the tool was secured to the emergency response vehicle during the scan in response to identifying the tool. 19. A method in accordance with claim 18 further comprising:
performing a subsequent scan of the emergency response vehicle for the identifier;
storing, in the memory of the control module, a second record indicating that the tool was not secured to the emergency response vehicle during the subsequent scan;
determining that the tool is missing by comparing the first record to the second record; and
generating, by a display communicatively coupled to the control module, a notification that the tool is missing in response to determining that the tool is missing. 20. A method in accordance with claim 18 further comprising:
performing a subsequent scan of the emergency response vehicle for the identifier;
storing, in the memory of the control module, a second record indicating that the tool that the tool was secured to the emergency response vehicle during the subsequent scan;
determining that the tool is in a state of readiness by comparing the first record to the second record; and
generating, by a display communicatively coupled to the control module, a notification that the tool is accounted for in response to determining that the tool is accounted for. | 3,600 |
349,171 | 16,806,716 | 3,655 | A wearable device for gait monitoring and improvement, as well as systems for sensing relevant metrics and delivering real-time sensory feedback. One system receives a baseline active training program to target a mobility abnormality; downloads it onto a wearable device; determines the activity type based on sensor data obtained from a sensor array; generates cueing intensity feedback; receives field data from the wearable device; dynamically recommends new modification parameters based on the field data; and modifies the active training program based on the new modification parameters. The system may modify cueing intensity to correct the wearer's gait by selecting ranges of values for cueing response variables for a cueing window; receiving a sample dataset from a wearable device; determining whether a number of the cycles of frames spent in a no-correction frame is increasing; adjusting the outer bounds of the no-correction frame; and adjusting the cueing window. | 1. A method for using real-time sensory feedback on a wearable device to correct a patient's gait, the wearable device comprising a microcontroller, a sensor array, a cueing array, and a data store, the method comprising:
receiving a first data file comprising a baseline active training program to target a mobility abnormality, an active training program comprising an activity type having activity properties defining criteria needed to be met to establish the activity type, and a behavior modification scheme comprising modification parameters defined by the activity type and a performance target; downloading the baseline active training program and the behavior modification scheme onto the data store; receiving sensor data from the sensor array; determining the activity type based at least in part on the sensor data and the activity properties; generating cueing intensity feedback by the microcontroller via the cueing array based at least in part on the sensor data, the performance target, and the activity type; receiving field data from the wearable device generated by the microcontroller; dynamically generating new modification parameters based at least in part on the field data, an analysis of the field data with regards to the activity type, and the performance target; and modifying the active training program based at least in part on the new modification parameters. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the analysis of the field data further comprises determining whether the mobility abnormality improved during use of the initial training program in relation to the performance target. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the cueing array comprises a plurality of cueing devices including a first cueing device and a second cueing device, the first cueing device having a first position and a first type being one of a lighting device, an auditory device, or a haptic device, the second cueing device having a second position and a second type being one of a lighting device, an auditory device, or a haptic device. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first type is different from the second type. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the microcontroller is further configured to generate the cueing intensity feedback by the plurality of cueing devices on the cueing array based at least in part on the first type and the first position of the first cueing device, the second type and the second position of the second cueing device, and the baseline active training program. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the microcontroller is further configured to generate the cueing intensity feedback by the plurality of cueing devices on the cueing array based at least in part on cueing vector placement comprising dividing cueing vectors into zones and selecting the cueing vectors to provide the cueing intensity feedback corresponding to the behavior modification scheme. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the activity properties comprise at least one of changes in height, walking cadence parameters, or running cadence parameters. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first data file further comprises at least one of a clinician assessment data file relating to the patient's gait and a statistical gait assessment file. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating a recommended training program based at least in part on the clinician data. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the activity type is one of walking, running, ambulating with a mobility aid, going up/down an incline, ascending/descending stairs, idling, performing a custom movement, performing a specialized movement, performing an unknown movement, or transitioning from one activity type to another activity type. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the criteria is a set of data specific to the activity type sufficient to establish the activity type, the data including at least one of position, velocity, or acceleration. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising tuning the cueing intensity feedback by the microcontroller based at least in part on a comparison of the sensor data with the performance target. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving clinical trial data from the wearable device based at least in part on the cueing intensity feedback. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving device node data from a device node that is associated with a different body part than the wearable device, where the device node data is related to measurements of movement of the different body part. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the cueing intensity feedback is further based on the device node data, and the method further comprises transmitting the cueing intensity feedback to the device node. 16. A method for modifying cueing intensity to correct a patient's gait comprising:
selecting ranges of values for one or more cueing response variables for a cueing window; receiving a sample dataset from a wearable device; determining the existence of a cycle in a no correction frame, the no correction frame having outer bounds bordering a first of one or more degree of correction frames; determining a proportion of cycles of frames spent in each of the one or more degree of correction frames; determining a first condition of whether a number of the cycles of frames spent in the no correction frame is increasing; adjusting the outer bounds of the no correction frame based at least in part on the first condition; and providing a recommendation to adjust the ranges of values for the one or more cueing response variables for the cueing window. 17. A method for determining an activity type and performing cueing to correct a patient's gait comprising:
receiving gait parameters for a patient, the gait parameters comprising at least one of physical parameters, temporal parameters, spatial parameters, and clearance parameters; initiating a step count program based at least in part on the gait parameters; receiving activity-related data; receiving first sensor data from a wearable device, the first sensor data comprising measured data relating to at least one of the gait parameters; processing the first sensor data to generate processed sensor data; evaluating an extent of changes measured by the wearable device based at least in part on the processed sensor data; determining the activity type for the wearable device based at least in part on the processed sensor data and the extent of changes, the activity type comprising at least one of walking movement, running movement, ramp movement, stair movement, and specialized movement; and performing cueing based on the activity type. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising measuring response to the cueing based at least in part on subsequently received sensor data. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the activity type is one of walking, running, ambulating with a mobility aid, going up/down an incline, ascending/descending stairs, idling, performing a custom movement, performing a specialized movement, performing an unknown movement, or transitioning from one activity type to another activity type. | A wearable device for gait monitoring and improvement, as well as systems for sensing relevant metrics and delivering real-time sensory feedback. One system receives a baseline active training program to target a mobility abnormality; downloads it onto a wearable device; determines the activity type based on sensor data obtained from a sensor array; generates cueing intensity feedback; receives field data from the wearable device; dynamically recommends new modification parameters based on the field data; and modifies the active training program based on the new modification parameters. The system may modify cueing intensity to correct the wearer's gait by selecting ranges of values for cueing response variables for a cueing window; receiving a sample dataset from a wearable device; determining whether a number of the cycles of frames spent in a no-correction frame is increasing; adjusting the outer bounds of the no-correction frame; and adjusting the cueing window.1. A method for using real-time sensory feedback on a wearable device to correct a patient's gait, the wearable device comprising a microcontroller, a sensor array, a cueing array, and a data store, the method comprising:
receiving a first data file comprising a baseline active training program to target a mobility abnormality, an active training program comprising an activity type having activity properties defining criteria needed to be met to establish the activity type, and a behavior modification scheme comprising modification parameters defined by the activity type and a performance target; downloading the baseline active training program and the behavior modification scheme onto the data store; receiving sensor data from the sensor array; determining the activity type based at least in part on the sensor data and the activity properties; generating cueing intensity feedback by the microcontroller via the cueing array based at least in part on the sensor data, the performance target, and the activity type; receiving field data from the wearable device generated by the microcontroller; dynamically generating new modification parameters based at least in part on the field data, an analysis of the field data with regards to the activity type, and the performance target; and modifying the active training program based at least in part on the new modification parameters. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the analysis of the field data further comprises determining whether the mobility abnormality improved during use of the initial training program in relation to the performance target. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the cueing array comprises a plurality of cueing devices including a first cueing device and a second cueing device, the first cueing device having a first position and a first type being one of a lighting device, an auditory device, or a haptic device, the second cueing device having a second position and a second type being one of a lighting device, an auditory device, or a haptic device. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first type is different from the second type. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the microcontroller is further configured to generate the cueing intensity feedback by the plurality of cueing devices on the cueing array based at least in part on the first type and the first position of the first cueing device, the second type and the second position of the second cueing device, and the baseline active training program. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the microcontroller is further configured to generate the cueing intensity feedback by the plurality of cueing devices on the cueing array based at least in part on cueing vector placement comprising dividing cueing vectors into zones and selecting the cueing vectors to provide the cueing intensity feedback corresponding to the behavior modification scheme. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the activity properties comprise at least one of changes in height, walking cadence parameters, or running cadence parameters. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first data file further comprises at least one of a clinician assessment data file relating to the patient's gait and a statistical gait assessment file. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating a recommended training program based at least in part on the clinician data. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the activity type is one of walking, running, ambulating with a mobility aid, going up/down an incline, ascending/descending stairs, idling, performing a custom movement, performing a specialized movement, performing an unknown movement, or transitioning from one activity type to another activity type. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the criteria is a set of data specific to the activity type sufficient to establish the activity type, the data including at least one of position, velocity, or acceleration. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising tuning the cueing intensity feedback by the microcontroller based at least in part on a comparison of the sensor data with the performance target. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving clinical trial data from the wearable device based at least in part on the cueing intensity feedback. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving device node data from a device node that is associated with a different body part than the wearable device, where the device node data is related to measurements of movement of the different body part. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the cueing intensity feedback is further based on the device node data, and the method further comprises transmitting the cueing intensity feedback to the device node. 16. A method for modifying cueing intensity to correct a patient's gait comprising:
selecting ranges of values for one or more cueing response variables for a cueing window; receiving a sample dataset from a wearable device; determining the existence of a cycle in a no correction frame, the no correction frame having outer bounds bordering a first of one or more degree of correction frames; determining a proportion of cycles of frames spent in each of the one or more degree of correction frames; determining a first condition of whether a number of the cycles of frames spent in the no correction frame is increasing; adjusting the outer bounds of the no correction frame based at least in part on the first condition; and providing a recommendation to adjust the ranges of values for the one or more cueing response variables for the cueing window. 17. A method for determining an activity type and performing cueing to correct a patient's gait comprising:
receiving gait parameters for a patient, the gait parameters comprising at least one of physical parameters, temporal parameters, spatial parameters, and clearance parameters; initiating a step count program based at least in part on the gait parameters; receiving activity-related data; receiving first sensor data from a wearable device, the first sensor data comprising measured data relating to at least one of the gait parameters; processing the first sensor data to generate processed sensor data; evaluating an extent of changes measured by the wearable device based at least in part on the processed sensor data; determining the activity type for the wearable device based at least in part on the processed sensor data and the extent of changes, the activity type comprising at least one of walking movement, running movement, ramp movement, stair movement, and specialized movement; and performing cueing based on the activity type. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising measuring response to the cueing based at least in part on subsequently received sensor data. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the activity type is one of walking, running, ambulating with a mobility aid, going up/down an incline, ascending/descending stairs, idling, performing a custom movement, performing a specialized movement, performing an unknown movement, or transitioning from one activity type to another activity type. | 3,600 |
349,172 | 16,806,682 | 3,655 | Implementations include actions of obtaining a set of entities based on one or more terms of a query, obtaining one or more entities associated with each live event of a plurality of live events, identifying a live event that is responsive to the query based on comparing at least one entity in the set of entities to one or more entities associated with each live event of a plurality of live events, determining that an event search result corresponding to the live event is to be displayed in search results, and in response: providing the event search result for display, the event search result including information associated with the live event, the information including an indicator of an occurrence of the live event. | 1. A computer-implemented method executed by one or more processors, the method comprising:
receiving a request for resources; determining, by the one or more processors, whether an intent for the request is to search for live streamed content for live events based on one or more terms of the request, wherein the determining comprises comparing the one or more terms of the request to one or more request patterns, wherein at least one of the request patterns is associated with an intent to search for live events including live streamed content; in response to determining that the intent is to search for live events including live streamed content for the live events based on the one or more terms of the request:
identifying, by the one or more processors, live events that are responsive to the request;
determining that the live events include content that is to be streamed live and that the occurrence of the live streamed content of the live event is within a threshold period of time after the request is received;
determining, by the one or more processors and based on the determination that the live events include content that is to be streamed live and that the occurrence of the live streamed content is within the threshold period of time, that live event search results corresponding to the live events are to be displayed in search results; and
providing, by the one or more processors, for each live event, a live event search result for the live event, wherein the live event search result includes an indicator that indicates the search result, when selected, provides a streaming occurrence of the live event. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the indicator indicates that the live event is occurring concurrently with display of the search results. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the indicator indicates a time at which the live event is scheduled to occur. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining that an event search result corresponding to the live event is to be displayed in search results comprises:
determining that a factual summary associated with the at least one entity is to be displayed in search results. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the request is a query. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the request is a resource request. 7. A system comprising:
a data store for storing data; and one or more processors configured to interact with the data store, the one or more processors being further configured to perform operations comprising: receive a request for resources;
determine whether an intent for the request is to search for live streamed content for live events based on one or more terms of the request, wherein the determining comprises comparing the one or more terms of the request to one or more request patterns, wherein at least one of the request patterns is associated with an intent to search for live events including live streamed content;
in response to determining that the intent is to search for live events including live streamed content for the live events based on the one or more terms of the request:
identify, by the one or more processors, live events that are responsive to the request;
determine that the live events include content that is to be streamed live and that the occurrence of the live streamed content of the live event is within a threshold period of time after the request is received;
determine, based on the determination that the live events include content that is to be streamed live and that the occurrence of the live streamed content is within the threshold period of time, that live event search results corresponding to the live events are to be displayed in search results; and
provide, by the one or more processors, for each live event, a live event search result for the live event, wherein the live event search result includes an indicator that indicates the search result, when selected, provides a streaming occurrence of the live event. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the indicator indicates that the live event is occurring concurrently with display of the search results. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the indicator indicates a time at which the live event is scheduled to occur. 10. The system of claim 7, wherein determining that an event search result corresponding to the live event is to be displayed in search results comprises:
determining that a factual summary associated with the at least one entity is to be displayed in search results. 11. The system of claim 7, wherein the request is a query. 12. The system of claim 7, wherein the request is a resource request. 13. A non-transitory computer storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving a request for resources; determining whether an intent for the request is to search for live streamed content for live events based on one or more terms of the request, wherein the determining comprises comparing the one or more terms of the request to one or more request patterns, wherein at least one of the request patterns is associated with an intent to search for live events including live streamed content; in response to determining that the intent is to search for live events including live streamed content for the live events based on the one or more terms of the request:
identifying, by the one or more processors, live events that are responsive to the request;
determining that the live events include content that is to be streamed live and that the occurrence of the live streamed content of the live event is within a threshold period of time after the request is received;
determining, by the one or more processors and based on the determination that the live events include content that is to be streamed live and that the occurrence of the live streamed content is within the threshold period of time, that live event search results corresponding to the live events are to be displayed in search results; and
providing, for each live event, a live event search result for the live event, wherein the live event search result includes an indicator that indicates the search result, when selected, provides a streaming occurrence of the live event. 14. The non-transitory computer storage medium of claim 13, wherein the indicator indicates that the live event is occurring concurrently with display of the search results. 15. The non-transitory computer storage medium of claim 13, wherein the indicator indicates a time at which the live event is scheduled to occur. 16. The non-transitory computer storage medium of claim 13, wherein determining that an event search result corresponding to the live event is to be displayed in search results comprises:
determining that a factual summary associated with the at least one entity is to be displayed in search results. 17. The non-transitory computer storage medium of claim 13, wherein the request is a query. 18. The non-transitory computer storage medium of claim 13, wherein the request is a resource request. | Implementations include actions of obtaining a set of entities based on one or more terms of a query, obtaining one or more entities associated with each live event of a plurality of live events, identifying a live event that is responsive to the query based on comparing at least one entity in the set of entities to one or more entities associated with each live event of a plurality of live events, determining that an event search result corresponding to the live event is to be displayed in search results, and in response: providing the event search result for display, the event search result including information associated with the live event, the information including an indicator of an occurrence of the live event.1. A computer-implemented method executed by one or more processors, the method comprising:
receiving a request for resources; determining, by the one or more processors, whether an intent for the request is to search for live streamed content for live events based on one or more terms of the request, wherein the determining comprises comparing the one or more terms of the request to one or more request patterns, wherein at least one of the request patterns is associated with an intent to search for live events including live streamed content; in response to determining that the intent is to search for live events including live streamed content for the live events based on the one or more terms of the request:
identifying, by the one or more processors, live events that are responsive to the request;
determining that the live events include content that is to be streamed live and that the occurrence of the live streamed content of the live event is within a threshold period of time after the request is received;
determining, by the one or more processors and based on the determination that the live events include content that is to be streamed live and that the occurrence of the live streamed content is within the threshold period of time, that live event search results corresponding to the live events are to be displayed in search results; and
providing, by the one or more processors, for each live event, a live event search result for the live event, wherein the live event search result includes an indicator that indicates the search result, when selected, provides a streaming occurrence of the live event. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the indicator indicates that the live event is occurring concurrently with display of the search results. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the indicator indicates a time at which the live event is scheduled to occur. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining that an event search result corresponding to the live event is to be displayed in search results comprises:
determining that a factual summary associated with the at least one entity is to be displayed in search results. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the request is a query. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the request is a resource request. 7. A system comprising:
a data store for storing data; and one or more processors configured to interact with the data store, the one or more processors being further configured to perform operations comprising: receive a request for resources;
determine whether an intent for the request is to search for live streamed content for live events based on one or more terms of the request, wherein the determining comprises comparing the one or more terms of the request to one or more request patterns, wherein at least one of the request patterns is associated with an intent to search for live events including live streamed content;
in response to determining that the intent is to search for live events including live streamed content for the live events based on the one or more terms of the request:
identify, by the one or more processors, live events that are responsive to the request;
determine that the live events include content that is to be streamed live and that the occurrence of the live streamed content of the live event is within a threshold period of time after the request is received;
determine, based on the determination that the live events include content that is to be streamed live and that the occurrence of the live streamed content is within the threshold period of time, that live event search results corresponding to the live events are to be displayed in search results; and
provide, by the one or more processors, for each live event, a live event search result for the live event, wherein the live event search result includes an indicator that indicates the search result, when selected, provides a streaming occurrence of the live event. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the indicator indicates that the live event is occurring concurrently with display of the search results. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the indicator indicates a time at which the live event is scheduled to occur. 10. The system of claim 7, wherein determining that an event search result corresponding to the live event is to be displayed in search results comprises:
determining that a factual summary associated with the at least one entity is to be displayed in search results. 11. The system of claim 7, wherein the request is a query. 12. The system of claim 7, wherein the request is a resource request. 13. A non-transitory computer storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving a request for resources; determining whether an intent for the request is to search for live streamed content for live events based on one or more terms of the request, wherein the determining comprises comparing the one or more terms of the request to one or more request patterns, wherein at least one of the request patterns is associated with an intent to search for live events including live streamed content; in response to determining that the intent is to search for live events including live streamed content for the live events based on the one or more terms of the request:
identifying, by the one or more processors, live events that are responsive to the request;
determining that the live events include content that is to be streamed live and that the occurrence of the live streamed content of the live event is within a threshold period of time after the request is received;
determining, by the one or more processors and based on the determination that the live events include content that is to be streamed live and that the occurrence of the live streamed content is within the threshold period of time, that live event search results corresponding to the live events are to be displayed in search results; and
providing, for each live event, a live event search result for the live event, wherein the live event search result includes an indicator that indicates the search result, when selected, provides a streaming occurrence of the live event. 14. The non-transitory computer storage medium of claim 13, wherein the indicator indicates that the live event is occurring concurrently with display of the search results. 15. The non-transitory computer storage medium of claim 13, wherein the indicator indicates a time at which the live event is scheduled to occur. 16. The non-transitory computer storage medium of claim 13, wherein determining that an event search result corresponding to the live event is to be displayed in search results comprises:
determining that a factual summary associated with the at least one entity is to be displayed in search results. 17. The non-transitory computer storage medium of claim 13, wherein the request is a query. 18. The non-transitory computer storage medium of claim 13, wherein the request is a resource request. | 3,600 |
349,173 | 16,806,725 | 3,655 | A device providing an emergency alert service via a mobile broadcasting according to one embodiment of the present invention includes an RS frame encoder configured to generate an RS frame, which is a 2nd dimensional data frame, in a manner of performing an RS (Reed-Solomon)-CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) encoding on an ensemble comprising a mobile data for a mobile broadcasting service and a service signaling channel containing an access information on the mobile broadcasting service, an RS frame divider configured to divide the generated RS frame into a plurality of RS frame portions, a signaling encoder configured to generate a signaling data comprising a TPC (Transmission Parameter Channel) for signaling a transmission parameter of the mobile broadcasting and a FIC (Fast Information Channel) containing a connection information between the ensemble and the broadcasting service, a data group formatter configured to generate a data group containing a part of the signaling data and the RS frame portion, and a broadcasting signal generating unit configured to generate a mobile broadcasting signal containing the data group. | 1-18. (canceled) 19. A method of processing an emergency alert in a broadcast receiver, the method comprising:
receiving a broadcast signal including an emergency alert table, wherein the emergency alert table includes an emergency alert text related to an emergency alert message, information for identifying a viewing target for the emergency alert message and emergency-related broadcast service information for an emergency-related broadcast service; decoding the emergency alert table; displaying the emergency alert text in the decoded emergency alert table; and displaying an additional content related to the emergency alert message, wherein the broadcast signal further includes wake-up information that includes 2 bits representing at least a first wake-up notification of a first emergency or a second wake-up notification of a second emergency different from the first wake-up notification of the first emergency 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
receiving the addition content. 21. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
displaying information to notify that the addition content is present. 22. The method of claim 19, wherein the emergency-related broadcast service information includes information for identifying the emergency-related broadcast service and information for identifying a broadcast stream delivering the emergency-related broadcast service. 23. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
changing a broadcast service that is displaying into the emergency-related broadcast service; and displaying the changed emergency-related broadcast service. 24. The method of claim 19, wherein the additional content includes one of a video clip, a graphic, or a detailed description related to the emergency alert message. 25. A broadcast receiver for processing an emergency alert, the broadcast receiver comprising:
a receiver that receives a broadcast signal including an emergency alert table, wherein the emergency alert table includes an emergency alert text related to an emergency alert message, information for identifying a viewing target for the emergency alert message and emergency-related broadcast service information for an emergency-related broadcast service; a decoder that decodes the emergency alert table; and a display processor that displays the emergency alert text in the decoded emergency alert table, wherein the display processor further displays an additional content related to the emergency alert message, and wherein the broadcast signal further includes wake-up information that includes 2 bits representing at least a first wake-up notification of a first emergency or a second wake-up notification of a second emergency different from the first wake-up notification of the first emergency. 26. The broadcast receiver of claim 25, wherein the receiver further receives the additional content. 27. The broadcast receiver of claim 25, wherein the display processor further displays information to notify that the addition content is present. 28. The broadcast receiver of claim 25, wherein the emergency-related broadcast service information includes information for identifying the emergency-related broadcast service and information for identifying a broadcast stream delivering the emergency-related broadcast service. 29. The broadcast receiver of claim 25, wherein the display processor further displays the emergency-related broadcast service by changing a broadcast service that is displaying into the emergency-related broadcast service. 30. The broadcast receiver of claim 25, wherein the additional content includes at least one of a video clip, a graphic, and a detailed description related to the emergency alert message. 34. The broadcast receiver of claim 28, wherein the additional content includes at least one of a video clip, a graphic, and a detailed description related to the emergency alert message. 35. The broadcast receiver of claim 28, wherein the information is an icon. 36. The broadcast receiver of claim 28, wherein the information is a menu. | A device providing an emergency alert service via a mobile broadcasting according to one embodiment of the present invention includes an RS frame encoder configured to generate an RS frame, which is a 2nd dimensional data frame, in a manner of performing an RS (Reed-Solomon)-CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) encoding on an ensemble comprising a mobile data for a mobile broadcasting service and a service signaling channel containing an access information on the mobile broadcasting service, an RS frame divider configured to divide the generated RS frame into a plurality of RS frame portions, a signaling encoder configured to generate a signaling data comprising a TPC (Transmission Parameter Channel) for signaling a transmission parameter of the mobile broadcasting and a FIC (Fast Information Channel) containing a connection information between the ensemble and the broadcasting service, a data group formatter configured to generate a data group containing a part of the signaling data and the RS frame portion, and a broadcasting signal generating unit configured to generate a mobile broadcasting signal containing the data group.1-18. (canceled) 19. A method of processing an emergency alert in a broadcast receiver, the method comprising:
receiving a broadcast signal including an emergency alert table, wherein the emergency alert table includes an emergency alert text related to an emergency alert message, information for identifying a viewing target for the emergency alert message and emergency-related broadcast service information for an emergency-related broadcast service; decoding the emergency alert table; displaying the emergency alert text in the decoded emergency alert table; and displaying an additional content related to the emergency alert message, wherein the broadcast signal further includes wake-up information that includes 2 bits representing at least a first wake-up notification of a first emergency or a second wake-up notification of a second emergency different from the first wake-up notification of the first emergency 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
receiving the addition content. 21. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
displaying information to notify that the addition content is present. 22. The method of claim 19, wherein the emergency-related broadcast service information includes information for identifying the emergency-related broadcast service and information for identifying a broadcast stream delivering the emergency-related broadcast service. 23. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
changing a broadcast service that is displaying into the emergency-related broadcast service; and displaying the changed emergency-related broadcast service. 24. The method of claim 19, wherein the additional content includes one of a video clip, a graphic, or a detailed description related to the emergency alert message. 25. A broadcast receiver for processing an emergency alert, the broadcast receiver comprising:
a receiver that receives a broadcast signal including an emergency alert table, wherein the emergency alert table includes an emergency alert text related to an emergency alert message, information for identifying a viewing target for the emergency alert message and emergency-related broadcast service information for an emergency-related broadcast service; a decoder that decodes the emergency alert table; and a display processor that displays the emergency alert text in the decoded emergency alert table, wherein the display processor further displays an additional content related to the emergency alert message, and wherein the broadcast signal further includes wake-up information that includes 2 bits representing at least a first wake-up notification of a first emergency or a second wake-up notification of a second emergency different from the first wake-up notification of the first emergency. 26. The broadcast receiver of claim 25, wherein the receiver further receives the additional content. 27. The broadcast receiver of claim 25, wherein the display processor further displays information to notify that the addition content is present. 28. The broadcast receiver of claim 25, wherein the emergency-related broadcast service information includes information for identifying the emergency-related broadcast service and information for identifying a broadcast stream delivering the emergency-related broadcast service. 29. The broadcast receiver of claim 25, wherein the display processor further displays the emergency-related broadcast service by changing a broadcast service that is displaying into the emergency-related broadcast service. 30. The broadcast receiver of claim 25, wherein the additional content includes at least one of a video clip, a graphic, and a detailed description related to the emergency alert message. 34. The broadcast receiver of claim 28, wherein the additional content includes at least one of a video clip, a graphic, and a detailed description related to the emergency alert message. 35. The broadcast receiver of claim 28, wherein the information is an icon. 36. The broadcast receiver of claim 28, wherein the information is a menu. | 3,600 |
349,174 | 16,806,645 | 3,655 | A method for facilitating mobile ordering includes associating a merchant handle with a merchant. A user account including a handle is created for a user within an ordering system. A product order, having order details, is received. The product order is stored and is associated with an order code such that the order details are retrievable based on reception of the order code. An enrollment message is provided to the handle. A message including the order code is received from the handle directed to the merchant handle. The handle is associated with the merchant handle and the order code to identify the product order, the merchant, and the user. An order confirmation message is including order details is provided to the handle. A user confirmation message is received from the handle. The product order is communicated to the merchant and an order status message to the handle. | 1. A messaging system for mobile ordering, the messaging system comprising:
a messaging interface; at least one memory that stores computer-executable instructions; and at least one processor configured to access the memory, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to:
receive, using the messaging interface, a message from a user handle directed to a merchant handle associated with a particular merchant, the message comprising an order code comprising a particular string of characters that is associated with a stored product order associated with the user handle and the particular merchant;
identify the product order and corresponding order details based on the user handle, the merchant handle, and the order code received from the user handle;
detect a first messaging protocol associated with the user handle;
determine a first message format for outgoing messages from the messaging system to the user handle based on the detected first messaging protocol;
transmit to the user handle, using the messaging interface, an order confirmation message comprising at least some of the order details of the product order, wherein the order confirmation message is formatted in the first message format;
receive, from the user handle using the messaging interface, a user confirmation message;
detect a second messaging protocol associated with the merchant handle;
determine a second message format for outgoing messages from the messaging system to the merchant handle based on the detected second messaging protocol; and
transmit, using the messaging interface, an order message comprising the product order to the merchant handle. 2. The messaging system of claim 1, wherein:
receiving the user confirmation message from the user handle comprises receiving instructions to change one or more of the order details. 3. The messaging system of claim 1, wherein:
transmitting the product order to the particular merchant comprises providing the product order to a point of sale device of the particular merchant. 4. The messaging system of claim 1, wherein:
one or both of the first messaging protocol and the second messaging protocol comprise a short message service (SMS) protocol, an instant message service protocol, or a social network message service protocol. 5. The messaging system of claim 1, wherein:
the product order is associated with a payment type; and the at least one processor is further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to:
transmit an authorization request to a financial institution, the authorization request comprising payment details associated with the payment type. 6. The messaging system of claim 5, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to:
receive an authorization approval from the financial institution; and transmit, via the messaging interface, an authorization approval message comprising at least a subset of the authorization approval to the merchant handle. 7. The messaging system of claim 5, wherein:
the authorization request is a first authorization request; the product order is further associated with a default backup payment type; and the processor is further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to:
receive an authorization denial from the financial institution; and
transmit, using the messaging interface, a second authorization request associated with the default backup payment type upon receipt of the authorization denial associated with the primary payment type. 8. The messaging system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to:
enroll a user for use with the messaging system by creating a user account for the user, wherein the user account comprises the user handle that serves as a message delivery address for the user within the messaging system 9. The messaging system of claim 1, wherein:
the order details comprise one or more of a product, an order processing preference, a price, and a payment type. 10. The messaging system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to:
receive a message from the user handle that includes instructions to use the particular string of characters as the order code that is associated with the order details for the particular merchant. 11. The messaging system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to:
transmit, using the messaging interface, an enrollment message to the user, wherein the enrollment message is directed to the user by the user handle. 12. The messaging system of claim 11, wherein:
the enrollment message comprises a confirmation of the creation of the user account and the user handle. 13. The messaging system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to:
generate, by the messaging system, the merchant handle. 14. The messaging system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to:
receive, using the messaging interface, a modification to the product order from the particular merchant; transmit to the user handle, using the messaging interface, an order status message, the order status message comprising the modification to the product order, wherein the order status message is formatted in the first message format; and receive, from the user handle, using the messaging interface, a response to the order status message. 15. The messaging system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to:
receive a message from the user handle that includes instructions to use the particular string of characters as the order code that is associated with the order details for the particular merchant. 16. The messaging system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to:
receive, from the user handle, via the messaging interface, a requested fulfillment time of the product order associated with the order code, wherein communicating the product order to the particular merchant comprises communicating the requested fulfillment time to the particular merchant. 17. The messaging system of claim 1, wherein:
the order code comprises an alphanumeric identifier 18. The messaging system of claim 1, wherein:
the order code is generated by the messaging system 19. A computer-implemented method for facilitating mobile ordering, the method comprising:
receiving, using a messaging interface of a messaging computing system, a message from a user handle directed to a merchant handle associated with a particular merchant, the message comprising an order code comprising a particular string of characters that is associated with a stored product order associated with the user handle and the particular merchant; identifying the product order and corresponding order details based on the user handle, the merchant handle, and the order code received from the user handle; detecting a first messaging protocol associated with the user handle; determining a first message format for outgoing messages from the messaging system to the user handle based on the detected first messaging protocol; transmitting to the user handle, using the messaging interface, an order confirmation message comprising at least some of the order details of the product order, wherein the order confirmation message is formatted in the first message format; receiving, using the messaging interface, a user confirmation message from the user handle; detecting a second messaging protocol associated with the merchant handle; determining a second message format for outgoing messages from the messaging system to the merchant handle based on the detected second messaging protocol; and transmitting, using the messaging interface, the product order to the merchant handle formatted in the second message format. 20. A computer program product embodied on a computer readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a messaging system cause the at least one processor to:
receive, using the messaging interface, a message from a user handle directed to a merchant handle associated with a particular merchant, the message comprising an order code comprising a particular string of characters that is associated with a stored product order associated with the user handle and the particular merchant; identify the product order and corresponding order details based on the user handle, the merchant handle, and the order code received from the user handle; detect a first messaging protocol associated with the user handle; determine a first message format for outgoing messages from the messaging system to the user handle based on the detected first messaging protocol; transmit to the user handle, using the messaging interface, an order confirmation message comprising at least some of the order details of the product order, wherein the order confirmation message is formatted in the first message format; receive, from the user handle using the messaging interface, a user confirmation message; detect a second messaging protocol associated with the merchant handle; determine a second message format for outgoing messages from the messaging system to the merchant handle based on the detected second messaging protocol; and transmit, using the messaging interface, an order message comprising the product order to the merchant handle. | A method for facilitating mobile ordering includes associating a merchant handle with a merchant. A user account including a handle is created for a user within an ordering system. A product order, having order details, is received. The product order is stored and is associated with an order code such that the order details are retrievable based on reception of the order code. An enrollment message is provided to the handle. A message including the order code is received from the handle directed to the merchant handle. The handle is associated with the merchant handle and the order code to identify the product order, the merchant, and the user. An order confirmation message is including order details is provided to the handle. A user confirmation message is received from the handle. The product order is communicated to the merchant and an order status message to the handle.1. A messaging system for mobile ordering, the messaging system comprising:
a messaging interface; at least one memory that stores computer-executable instructions; and at least one processor configured to access the memory, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to:
receive, using the messaging interface, a message from a user handle directed to a merchant handle associated with a particular merchant, the message comprising an order code comprising a particular string of characters that is associated with a stored product order associated with the user handle and the particular merchant;
identify the product order and corresponding order details based on the user handle, the merchant handle, and the order code received from the user handle;
detect a first messaging protocol associated with the user handle;
determine a first message format for outgoing messages from the messaging system to the user handle based on the detected first messaging protocol;
transmit to the user handle, using the messaging interface, an order confirmation message comprising at least some of the order details of the product order, wherein the order confirmation message is formatted in the first message format;
receive, from the user handle using the messaging interface, a user confirmation message;
detect a second messaging protocol associated with the merchant handle;
determine a second message format for outgoing messages from the messaging system to the merchant handle based on the detected second messaging protocol; and
transmit, using the messaging interface, an order message comprising the product order to the merchant handle. 2. The messaging system of claim 1, wherein:
receiving the user confirmation message from the user handle comprises receiving instructions to change one or more of the order details. 3. The messaging system of claim 1, wherein:
transmitting the product order to the particular merchant comprises providing the product order to a point of sale device of the particular merchant. 4. The messaging system of claim 1, wherein:
one or both of the first messaging protocol and the second messaging protocol comprise a short message service (SMS) protocol, an instant message service protocol, or a social network message service protocol. 5. The messaging system of claim 1, wherein:
the product order is associated with a payment type; and the at least one processor is further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to:
transmit an authorization request to a financial institution, the authorization request comprising payment details associated with the payment type. 6. The messaging system of claim 5, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to:
receive an authorization approval from the financial institution; and transmit, via the messaging interface, an authorization approval message comprising at least a subset of the authorization approval to the merchant handle. 7. The messaging system of claim 5, wherein:
the authorization request is a first authorization request; the product order is further associated with a default backup payment type; and the processor is further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to:
receive an authorization denial from the financial institution; and
transmit, using the messaging interface, a second authorization request associated with the default backup payment type upon receipt of the authorization denial associated with the primary payment type. 8. The messaging system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to:
enroll a user for use with the messaging system by creating a user account for the user, wherein the user account comprises the user handle that serves as a message delivery address for the user within the messaging system 9. The messaging system of claim 1, wherein:
the order details comprise one or more of a product, an order processing preference, a price, and a payment type. 10. The messaging system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to:
receive a message from the user handle that includes instructions to use the particular string of characters as the order code that is associated with the order details for the particular merchant. 11. The messaging system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to:
transmit, using the messaging interface, an enrollment message to the user, wherein the enrollment message is directed to the user by the user handle. 12. The messaging system of claim 11, wherein:
the enrollment message comprises a confirmation of the creation of the user account and the user handle. 13. The messaging system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to:
generate, by the messaging system, the merchant handle. 14. The messaging system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to:
receive, using the messaging interface, a modification to the product order from the particular merchant; transmit to the user handle, using the messaging interface, an order status message, the order status message comprising the modification to the product order, wherein the order status message is formatted in the first message format; and receive, from the user handle, using the messaging interface, a response to the order status message. 15. The messaging system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to:
receive a message from the user handle that includes instructions to use the particular string of characters as the order code that is associated with the order details for the particular merchant. 16. The messaging system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to:
receive, from the user handle, via the messaging interface, a requested fulfillment time of the product order associated with the order code, wherein communicating the product order to the particular merchant comprises communicating the requested fulfillment time to the particular merchant. 17. The messaging system of claim 1, wherein:
the order code comprises an alphanumeric identifier 18. The messaging system of claim 1, wherein:
the order code is generated by the messaging system 19. A computer-implemented method for facilitating mobile ordering, the method comprising:
receiving, using a messaging interface of a messaging computing system, a message from a user handle directed to a merchant handle associated with a particular merchant, the message comprising an order code comprising a particular string of characters that is associated with a stored product order associated with the user handle and the particular merchant; identifying the product order and corresponding order details based on the user handle, the merchant handle, and the order code received from the user handle; detecting a first messaging protocol associated with the user handle; determining a first message format for outgoing messages from the messaging system to the user handle based on the detected first messaging protocol; transmitting to the user handle, using the messaging interface, an order confirmation message comprising at least some of the order details of the product order, wherein the order confirmation message is formatted in the first message format; receiving, using the messaging interface, a user confirmation message from the user handle; detecting a second messaging protocol associated with the merchant handle; determining a second message format for outgoing messages from the messaging system to the merchant handle based on the detected second messaging protocol; and transmitting, using the messaging interface, the product order to the merchant handle formatted in the second message format. 20. A computer program product embodied on a computer readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a messaging system cause the at least one processor to:
receive, using the messaging interface, a message from a user handle directed to a merchant handle associated with a particular merchant, the message comprising an order code comprising a particular string of characters that is associated with a stored product order associated with the user handle and the particular merchant; identify the product order and corresponding order details based on the user handle, the merchant handle, and the order code received from the user handle; detect a first messaging protocol associated with the user handle; determine a first message format for outgoing messages from the messaging system to the user handle based on the detected first messaging protocol; transmit to the user handle, using the messaging interface, an order confirmation message comprising at least some of the order details of the product order, wherein the order confirmation message is formatted in the first message format; receive, from the user handle using the messaging interface, a user confirmation message; detect a second messaging protocol associated with the merchant handle; determine a second message format for outgoing messages from the messaging system to the merchant handle based on the detected second messaging protocol; and transmit, using the messaging interface, an order message comprising the product order to the merchant handle. | 3,600 |
349,175 | 16,806,702 | 3,655 | An exemplary system, method, and computer-accessible medium can include, for example, storing on a first device a digital tag, the tag configured to be associated with at least one application on a second device, such that receipt of the tag on the second device launches the application on the second device; and emitting from the first device to a second device the digital tag; wherein the application on the second device is configured to launch in a special state when the second device is in at least one state from a pre-determined list of states. | 1. A method, comprising:
storing on a first device a digital tag, the tag configured to be associated with at least one application on a second device, such that receipt of the tag on the second device launches the application on the second device; and emitting from the first device to a second device the digital tag; wherein the application on the second device is configured to, after receipt of the tag on the second device:
launch in a special state when the second device is in at least a first state from a pre-determined list of states,
for a fixed time duration after the receipt of the digital tag and when the second device is in at least a second state from a pre-determined list of states, intercept additional digital information from the first device and store the additional digital information in a memory of the second device,
record the number of launches, and
send a notification to a server indicating the number of launches to synchronize a counter on the first device with a counter on a server. 2. (canceled) 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first device is a contactless credit card. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first device emits a near-field communication field. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second device is a smartphone. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein:
the smartphone contains an Android® based operating system, and the digital tag is further configured to be an Android® Application Record (AAR) launch tag. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein an applet on the first device is further configured to generate a manifest of tags, which are configured to generate at least one tag in the near-field communication data exchange format (NDEF) specification. 8. (canceled) 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-determined list of states contains at least a screen unlock. 10. A system, comprising:
a computer hardware arrangement configured to:
receive, from a first device, digital information upon physical proximity with the first device;
receive, from the first device, a digital tag configured to be associated with an application;
launch, responsive to the tag, the application associated with the received digital tag;
for a fixed time duration after the receipt of the digital tag, through the application and when the computer hardware arrangement is in at least one state from a pre-determined list of states, intercept additional digital information from the first device and store the additional digital information in a memory of the second device;
record, through the application, the number of launches; and
send, through the application, a notification to a server indicating the number of launches to synchronize a counter on the first device with a counter on a server. 11. (canceled) 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the computer hardware arrangement is configured to contain an Android® based operating system. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the computer hardware arrangement is configured to launch responsive to a near-field communication data exchange format (NDEF) tag or an Android® Application Record (AAR) launch tag, the launched application. 14. (canceled) 15. (canceled) 16. The system of claim 10, further comprising the computer hardware arrangement installing the application responsive to receiving the digital tag when the application is not present on the second device. 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. (canceled) 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the first state and the second state are the same. 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the application is further configured to:
receive an information set, and prevent a second application from accessing the information set. 23. A device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory storing an application, wherein, after receipt of a digital tag from a transmitting device, the application is configured to:
launch when the device is in at least a first state from a pre-determined list of states,
for a fixed time duration after the receipt of the digital tag and when the device is in at least a second state from a pre-determined list of states, intercept additional digital information from the transmitting device and store the additional digital information in the memory;
record the number of launches; and
send a notification to a server indicating the number of launches to synchronize a counter on the transmitting device with a counter on a server. 24. The device of claim 23, wherein the first state and the second state are the same. 25. The device of claim 23, wherein the predetermined list of states comprises a locked state, an unlocked state, a screen on state, and a screen off state. 26. (canceled) 27. The device of claim 23, wherein the application on the second device is further configured to transmit a modification to an applet of the transmitting device configured to generate the digital tag. 28. The device of claim 27, wherein the modification comprises a change to a digital tag payload. 29. The device of claim 27, wherein the modification comprises disabling the generation of digital tags. 30. The device of claim 27, wherein the modification is based on a user preference. | An exemplary system, method, and computer-accessible medium can include, for example, storing on a first device a digital tag, the tag configured to be associated with at least one application on a second device, such that receipt of the tag on the second device launches the application on the second device; and emitting from the first device to a second device the digital tag; wherein the application on the second device is configured to launch in a special state when the second device is in at least one state from a pre-determined list of states.1. A method, comprising:
storing on a first device a digital tag, the tag configured to be associated with at least one application on a second device, such that receipt of the tag on the second device launches the application on the second device; and emitting from the first device to a second device the digital tag; wherein the application on the second device is configured to, after receipt of the tag on the second device:
launch in a special state when the second device is in at least a first state from a pre-determined list of states,
for a fixed time duration after the receipt of the digital tag and when the second device is in at least a second state from a pre-determined list of states, intercept additional digital information from the first device and store the additional digital information in a memory of the second device,
record the number of launches, and
send a notification to a server indicating the number of launches to synchronize a counter on the first device with a counter on a server. 2. (canceled) 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first device is a contactless credit card. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first device emits a near-field communication field. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second device is a smartphone. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein:
the smartphone contains an Android® based operating system, and the digital tag is further configured to be an Android® Application Record (AAR) launch tag. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein an applet on the first device is further configured to generate a manifest of tags, which are configured to generate at least one tag in the near-field communication data exchange format (NDEF) specification. 8. (canceled) 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-determined list of states contains at least a screen unlock. 10. A system, comprising:
a computer hardware arrangement configured to:
receive, from a first device, digital information upon physical proximity with the first device;
receive, from the first device, a digital tag configured to be associated with an application;
launch, responsive to the tag, the application associated with the received digital tag;
for a fixed time duration after the receipt of the digital tag, through the application and when the computer hardware arrangement is in at least one state from a pre-determined list of states, intercept additional digital information from the first device and store the additional digital information in a memory of the second device;
record, through the application, the number of launches; and
send, through the application, a notification to a server indicating the number of launches to synchronize a counter on the first device with a counter on a server. 11. (canceled) 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the computer hardware arrangement is configured to contain an Android® based operating system. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the computer hardware arrangement is configured to launch responsive to a near-field communication data exchange format (NDEF) tag or an Android® Application Record (AAR) launch tag, the launched application. 14. (canceled) 15. (canceled) 16. The system of claim 10, further comprising the computer hardware arrangement installing the application responsive to receiving the digital tag when the application is not present on the second device. 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. (canceled) 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the first state and the second state are the same. 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the application is further configured to:
receive an information set, and prevent a second application from accessing the information set. 23. A device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory storing an application, wherein, after receipt of a digital tag from a transmitting device, the application is configured to:
launch when the device is in at least a first state from a pre-determined list of states,
for a fixed time duration after the receipt of the digital tag and when the device is in at least a second state from a pre-determined list of states, intercept additional digital information from the transmitting device and store the additional digital information in the memory;
record the number of launches; and
send a notification to a server indicating the number of launches to synchronize a counter on the transmitting device with a counter on a server. 24. The device of claim 23, wherein the first state and the second state are the same. 25. The device of claim 23, wherein the predetermined list of states comprises a locked state, an unlocked state, a screen on state, and a screen off state. 26. (canceled) 27. The device of claim 23, wherein the application on the second device is further configured to transmit a modification to an applet of the transmitting device configured to generate the digital tag. 28. The device of claim 27, wherein the modification comprises a change to a digital tag payload. 29. The device of claim 27, wherein the modification comprises disabling the generation of digital tags. 30. The device of claim 27, wherein the modification is based on a user preference. | 3,600 |
349,176 | 16,806,740 | 3,655 | A caster module includes: an omni wheel, provided with an shaft groove; and an effector, received in the shaft groove, a case of the effector being rotatable relative to an inner wall of the shaft groove, and an output end of the effector being connected to the omni wheel and configured to drive the omni wheel to rotate. | 1. A caster module, comprising:
an omni wheel, provided with an shaft groove; and an effector, received in the shaft groove, a case of the effector being rotatable relative to an inner wall of the shaft groove, and an output end of the effector being connected to the omni wheel and configured to drive the omni wheel to rotate. 2. The caster module according to claim 1, further comprising a first bearing, the first bearing being disposed in the shaft groove, an outer ring of the first bearing being fixed to the inner wall of the shaft groove, the case of the effector being sleeved onto the first bearing, and the case of the effector being fixed to an inner ring of the first bearing. 3. The caster module according to claim 1, wherein the omni wheel comprises an inner-side hub, an omni wheel primary structure, an outer-side hub, an inner-side roller, and an outer-side roller; wherein
the shaft groove is disposed on the omni wheel primary structure, the inner-side hub and the outer-side hub are both connected to the omni wheel primary structure, the inner-side hub and the outer-side hub are respectively disposed at two ends of the shaft groove, the inner-side hub and the omni wheel primary structure collaboratively define an inner rotation groove, the inner-side roller being rotatably connected to the inner rotation groove, and the outer-side hub and the omni wheel primary structure collaboratively define an outer rotation groove, the outer-side roller being rotatably being connected to the outer rotation groove; and the inner-side hub is provided with a connecting through hole in communication with the shaft groove, the effector is inserted into the shaft groove by the connecting through hole, and the output end of the effector is connected to a surface of the outer-side hub facing towards the shaft groove. 4. The caster module according to claim 3, wherein the omni wheel further comprises a second bearing and an outer shaft pin; wherein
the outer-side roller is provided with an outer through hole, the second bearing is fixed to the outer through hole; the outer shaft pin is inserted into the outer through hole and sleeved onto the second bearing, and two ends of the outer shaft pin are respectively fixed to two opposing side walls of the outer rotation groove. 5. The caster module according to claim 4, wherein the omni wheel further comprises an outer gasket, the outer gasket being sleeved onto one end of the outer shaft pin, and the outer gasket being disposed between the second bearing and a side wall of the outer rotation groove. 6. The caster module according to claim 3, wherein the omni wheel further comprises a third bearing and an inner shaft pin; wherein
the inner-side roller is provided with an inner through hole, the third bearing is fixed to the inner through hole; the inner shaft pin is inserted into the inner through hole and sleeved onto the third bearing, and two ends of the outer shaft pin are respectively fixed to two opposing side walls of the outer rotation groove. 7. The caster module according to claim 6, wherein the omni wheel further comprises an inner gasket, the inner gasket being sleeved onto one end of the inner shaft pin, and the inner gasket being disposed between the third bearing and a side wall of the inner rotation groove. 8. The caster module according to claim 3, wherein the inner-side hub is threaded to the omni wheel primary structure, and the outer-side hub is threaded to the omni wheel primary structure. 9. The module according to claim 1, wherein the output end of the effector is a flange. 10. A robot, comprising the caster module as defined in claim 1. | A caster module includes: an omni wheel, provided with an shaft groove; and an effector, received in the shaft groove, a case of the effector being rotatable relative to an inner wall of the shaft groove, and an output end of the effector being connected to the omni wheel and configured to drive the omni wheel to rotate.1. A caster module, comprising:
an omni wheel, provided with an shaft groove; and an effector, received in the shaft groove, a case of the effector being rotatable relative to an inner wall of the shaft groove, and an output end of the effector being connected to the omni wheel and configured to drive the omni wheel to rotate. 2. The caster module according to claim 1, further comprising a first bearing, the first bearing being disposed in the shaft groove, an outer ring of the first bearing being fixed to the inner wall of the shaft groove, the case of the effector being sleeved onto the first bearing, and the case of the effector being fixed to an inner ring of the first bearing. 3. The caster module according to claim 1, wherein the omni wheel comprises an inner-side hub, an omni wheel primary structure, an outer-side hub, an inner-side roller, and an outer-side roller; wherein
the shaft groove is disposed on the omni wheel primary structure, the inner-side hub and the outer-side hub are both connected to the omni wheel primary structure, the inner-side hub and the outer-side hub are respectively disposed at two ends of the shaft groove, the inner-side hub and the omni wheel primary structure collaboratively define an inner rotation groove, the inner-side roller being rotatably connected to the inner rotation groove, and the outer-side hub and the omni wheel primary structure collaboratively define an outer rotation groove, the outer-side roller being rotatably being connected to the outer rotation groove; and the inner-side hub is provided with a connecting through hole in communication with the shaft groove, the effector is inserted into the shaft groove by the connecting through hole, and the output end of the effector is connected to a surface of the outer-side hub facing towards the shaft groove. 4. The caster module according to claim 3, wherein the omni wheel further comprises a second bearing and an outer shaft pin; wherein
the outer-side roller is provided with an outer through hole, the second bearing is fixed to the outer through hole; the outer shaft pin is inserted into the outer through hole and sleeved onto the second bearing, and two ends of the outer shaft pin are respectively fixed to two opposing side walls of the outer rotation groove. 5. The caster module according to claim 4, wherein the omni wheel further comprises an outer gasket, the outer gasket being sleeved onto one end of the outer shaft pin, and the outer gasket being disposed between the second bearing and a side wall of the outer rotation groove. 6. The caster module according to claim 3, wherein the omni wheel further comprises a third bearing and an inner shaft pin; wherein
the inner-side roller is provided with an inner through hole, the third bearing is fixed to the inner through hole; the inner shaft pin is inserted into the inner through hole and sleeved onto the third bearing, and two ends of the outer shaft pin are respectively fixed to two opposing side walls of the outer rotation groove. 7. The caster module according to claim 6, wherein the omni wheel further comprises an inner gasket, the inner gasket being sleeved onto one end of the inner shaft pin, and the inner gasket being disposed between the third bearing and a side wall of the inner rotation groove. 8. The caster module according to claim 3, wherein the inner-side hub is threaded to the omni wheel primary structure, and the outer-side hub is threaded to the omni wheel primary structure. 9. The module according to claim 1, wherein the output end of the effector is a flange. 10. A robot, comprising the caster module as defined in claim 1. | 3,600 |
349,177 | 16,806,722 | 3,655 | An amusement attraction provides a reactive game experience to a guest. The amusement attraction includes a robot control system having a show robot and a robot controller communicatively coupled to the show robot. The robot controller is configured to instruct the show robot to execute a baseline performance, which is predetermined and stored within the robot controller. The robot controller is configured to receive game input from an input device and instruct the show robot to interrupt the baseline performance by executing a reactive performance comprising a sequence of reactive actions that is responsive to the game input. Additionally, the robot controller is configured to instruct the show robot to execute a connective performance that links an end of the sequence of the reactive actions back to the baseline performance. | 1. An amusement attraction that provides a reactive game experience to a guest, the amusement attraction having a robot control system that comprises:
a show robot; and a robot controller communicatively coupled to the show robot, wherein the robot controller is configured to:
instruct the show robot to execute a baseline performance, which is predetermined and stored within the robot controller;
receive game input from an input device;
instruct the show robot to interrupt the baseline performance by executing a reactive performance comprising a sequence of reactive actions that is responsive to the game input; and
instruct the show robot to execute a connective performance that links an end of the sequence of the reactive actions back to the baseline performance. 2. The amusement attraction of claim 1, wherein the connective performance comprises a sequence of connective actions that transitions the show robot back to an interrupted action of the baseline performance. 3. The amusement attraction of claim 1, wherein the connective performance comprises a sequence of connective actions that transitions the show robot to a portion of the baseline performance that is a threshold time after an interrupted action of the baseline performance. 4. The amusement attraction of claim 1, wherein the robot controller is configured to generate the connective performance before instructing the show robot to interrupt the baseline performance. 5. The amusement attraction of claim 1, wherein the reactive actions of the sequence comprise positioning of the show robot, motions of the show robot, or a combination thereof that are dynamically generated based on parameters of the game input. 6. The amusement attraction of claim 5, wherein the parameters of the game input comprise a type of the game input, a type of the input device that provides the game input, a target portion of the show robot marked by the game input, or a combination thereof. 7. The amusement attraction of claim 1, wherein the show robot comprises a body and at least one actuator configured to move a portion of the body during the baseline performance, the reactive performance, the connective performance, or a combination thereof based on instructions from the robot controller. 8. The amusement attraction of claim 1, comprising a media control system that comprises:
at least one projector; and a media controller communicatively coupled to the at least one projector, wherein the media controller is configured to instruct the at least one projector to projection map a character appearance onto a body of the show robot during the baseline performance. 9. The amusement attraction of claim 8, wherein the media controller is configured to:
receive position information, velocity information, acceleration information, or a combination thereof associated with the show robot executing the reactive performance from the robot controller; and adjust a media projection target of the at least one projector during the reactive performance in response to receiving the position information, the velocity information, the acceleration information, or the combination thereof. 10. The amusement attraction of claim 1, comprising:
a ride vehicle comprising a vehicle body, wherein the input device is coupled to the vehicle body; and a game controller communicatively coupled to the input device and the robot controller, wherein the game controller is configured to receive the game input from the input device and provide the game input to the robot controller. 11. The amusement attraction of claim 1, comprising the input device, wherein the input device is communicatively coupled to the robot controller, wherein the input device comprises a virtual projectile launcher, and wherein the game input provided to the robot controller is indicative of the guest launching a virtual projectile object at a target portion of the show robot. 12. The amusement attraction of claim 11, comprising a wearable visualization device communicatively coupled to the input device, wherein the wearable visualization device is configured to render the virtual projectile object traveling from the input device to the target portion within a real world environment viewable by the guest. 13. An amusement ride for providing a reactive game experience, the amusement ride comprising:
a ride vehicle configured to transport a guest to a position for viewing a show set of the amusement ride, wherein the ride vehicle comprises an input device and a game controller communicatively coupled to the input device to receive game input therefrom; a show robot disposed within the show set; and a robot controller communicatively coupled to the show robot and the game controller, wherein the robot controller is configured to:
instruct the show robot to initiate a baseline performance;
receive the game input from the game controller after the show robot initiates the baseline performance;
generate a reactive and connective performance that causes the show robot to deviate from the baseline performance, perform a sequence of reactive actions that is responsive to the game input, and return to the baseline performance; and
instruct the show robot to execute the reactive and connective performance. 14. The amusement ride of claim 13, wherein the baseline performance includes a sequence of actions, and wherein the reactive and connective performance interrupts the sequence of the actions with the sequence of the reactive actions. 15. The amusement ride of claim 13, wherein the reactive and connective performance comprises a reactive performance that is individually generated based on the game input and a connective performance that links an end of the reactive performance back to the baseline performance. 16. The amusement ride of claim 13, wherein the game controller is configured to provide the game input to a media control system comprising a media controller and at least one projector configured to projection map a character appearance onto the show robot, and wherein the media controller is configured to instruct the at least one projector to adjust the character appearance in response to receiving the game input. 17. A method of controlling a robot control system to provide a reactive game experience within an amusement ride, the method comprising:
instructing, via a robot controller of the robot control system, a show robot to execute a baseline performance in response to initiation of a game cycle associated with a ride vehicle of the amusement ride; receiving, via the robot controller, game input from a game controller associated with the ride vehicle, wherein the game input corresponds to activation of an input device of the ride vehicle; generating, via the robot controller, a reactive performance comprising a sequence of reactive actions in response to receiving the game input; generating, via the robot controller, a connective performance that links an end of the sequence of the reactive actions back to the baseline performance; and instructing, via the robot controller, the show robot to interrupt the baseline performance by executing the reactive performance followed by the connective performance. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the reactive performance and the connective performance are generated simultaneously. 19. The method of claim 17, comprising:
receiving, via the robot controller, a stop signal from the game controller in response to a threshold time of the game cycle elapsing or in response to a game condition being satisfied; and instructing, via the robot controller, the show robot to execute an end of scene performance to indicate conclusion of the game cycle in response to the stop signal. 20. The method of claim 17, comprising transmitting, via the game controller, the game input to a media control system comprising a projector, wherein the projector provides a reactive character appearance corresponding to the game input to an outer surface of the show robot. | An amusement attraction provides a reactive game experience to a guest. The amusement attraction includes a robot control system having a show robot and a robot controller communicatively coupled to the show robot. The robot controller is configured to instruct the show robot to execute a baseline performance, which is predetermined and stored within the robot controller. The robot controller is configured to receive game input from an input device and instruct the show robot to interrupt the baseline performance by executing a reactive performance comprising a sequence of reactive actions that is responsive to the game input. Additionally, the robot controller is configured to instruct the show robot to execute a connective performance that links an end of the sequence of the reactive actions back to the baseline performance.1. An amusement attraction that provides a reactive game experience to a guest, the amusement attraction having a robot control system that comprises:
a show robot; and a robot controller communicatively coupled to the show robot, wherein the robot controller is configured to:
instruct the show robot to execute a baseline performance, which is predetermined and stored within the robot controller;
receive game input from an input device;
instruct the show robot to interrupt the baseline performance by executing a reactive performance comprising a sequence of reactive actions that is responsive to the game input; and
instruct the show robot to execute a connective performance that links an end of the sequence of the reactive actions back to the baseline performance. 2. The amusement attraction of claim 1, wherein the connective performance comprises a sequence of connective actions that transitions the show robot back to an interrupted action of the baseline performance. 3. The amusement attraction of claim 1, wherein the connective performance comprises a sequence of connective actions that transitions the show robot to a portion of the baseline performance that is a threshold time after an interrupted action of the baseline performance. 4. The amusement attraction of claim 1, wherein the robot controller is configured to generate the connective performance before instructing the show robot to interrupt the baseline performance. 5. The amusement attraction of claim 1, wherein the reactive actions of the sequence comprise positioning of the show robot, motions of the show robot, or a combination thereof that are dynamically generated based on parameters of the game input. 6. The amusement attraction of claim 5, wherein the parameters of the game input comprise a type of the game input, a type of the input device that provides the game input, a target portion of the show robot marked by the game input, or a combination thereof. 7. The amusement attraction of claim 1, wherein the show robot comprises a body and at least one actuator configured to move a portion of the body during the baseline performance, the reactive performance, the connective performance, or a combination thereof based on instructions from the robot controller. 8. The amusement attraction of claim 1, comprising a media control system that comprises:
at least one projector; and a media controller communicatively coupled to the at least one projector, wherein the media controller is configured to instruct the at least one projector to projection map a character appearance onto a body of the show robot during the baseline performance. 9. The amusement attraction of claim 8, wherein the media controller is configured to:
receive position information, velocity information, acceleration information, or a combination thereof associated with the show robot executing the reactive performance from the robot controller; and adjust a media projection target of the at least one projector during the reactive performance in response to receiving the position information, the velocity information, the acceleration information, or the combination thereof. 10. The amusement attraction of claim 1, comprising:
a ride vehicle comprising a vehicle body, wherein the input device is coupled to the vehicle body; and a game controller communicatively coupled to the input device and the robot controller, wherein the game controller is configured to receive the game input from the input device and provide the game input to the robot controller. 11. The amusement attraction of claim 1, comprising the input device, wherein the input device is communicatively coupled to the robot controller, wherein the input device comprises a virtual projectile launcher, and wherein the game input provided to the robot controller is indicative of the guest launching a virtual projectile object at a target portion of the show robot. 12. The amusement attraction of claim 11, comprising a wearable visualization device communicatively coupled to the input device, wherein the wearable visualization device is configured to render the virtual projectile object traveling from the input device to the target portion within a real world environment viewable by the guest. 13. An amusement ride for providing a reactive game experience, the amusement ride comprising:
a ride vehicle configured to transport a guest to a position for viewing a show set of the amusement ride, wherein the ride vehicle comprises an input device and a game controller communicatively coupled to the input device to receive game input therefrom; a show robot disposed within the show set; and a robot controller communicatively coupled to the show robot and the game controller, wherein the robot controller is configured to:
instruct the show robot to initiate a baseline performance;
receive the game input from the game controller after the show robot initiates the baseline performance;
generate a reactive and connective performance that causes the show robot to deviate from the baseline performance, perform a sequence of reactive actions that is responsive to the game input, and return to the baseline performance; and
instruct the show robot to execute the reactive and connective performance. 14. The amusement ride of claim 13, wherein the baseline performance includes a sequence of actions, and wherein the reactive and connective performance interrupts the sequence of the actions with the sequence of the reactive actions. 15. The amusement ride of claim 13, wherein the reactive and connective performance comprises a reactive performance that is individually generated based on the game input and a connective performance that links an end of the reactive performance back to the baseline performance. 16. The amusement ride of claim 13, wherein the game controller is configured to provide the game input to a media control system comprising a media controller and at least one projector configured to projection map a character appearance onto the show robot, and wherein the media controller is configured to instruct the at least one projector to adjust the character appearance in response to receiving the game input. 17. A method of controlling a robot control system to provide a reactive game experience within an amusement ride, the method comprising:
instructing, via a robot controller of the robot control system, a show robot to execute a baseline performance in response to initiation of a game cycle associated with a ride vehicle of the amusement ride; receiving, via the robot controller, game input from a game controller associated with the ride vehicle, wherein the game input corresponds to activation of an input device of the ride vehicle; generating, via the robot controller, a reactive performance comprising a sequence of reactive actions in response to receiving the game input; generating, via the robot controller, a connective performance that links an end of the sequence of the reactive actions back to the baseline performance; and instructing, via the robot controller, the show robot to interrupt the baseline performance by executing the reactive performance followed by the connective performance. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the reactive performance and the connective performance are generated simultaneously. 19. The method of claim 17, comprising:
receiving, via the robot controller, a stop signal from the game controller in response to a threshold time of the game cycle elapsing or in response to a game condition being satisfied; and instructing, via the robot controller, the show robot to execute an end of scene performance to indicate conclusion of the game cycle in response to the stop signal. 20. The method of claim 17, comprising transmitting, via the game controller, the game input to a media control system comprising a projector, wherein the projector provides a reactive character appearance corresponding to the game input to an outer surface of the show robot. | 3,600 |
349,178 | 16,806,732 | 3,655 | An information processing apparatus includes an ensuring circuit configured to maintain an operation of a first storage connected to a first system in a case where a detection unit detects reduction in voltage of a power supply. A control unit is configured to copy at least data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus from a second storage connected to a second system to the first storage in a case where the first storage is set not to store the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus and a second storage is set to store the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus. | 1. An information processing apparatus comprising:
a storage control unit configured to control a first storage and a second storage, the first storage connected to a first system, and the second storage connected to a second system; a power supply unit configured to supply power to an information processing apparatus; a power source control unit configured to control power supply to the first storage and power supply to the second storage; a detection unit configured to detect reduction in voltage of the power supply; and an ensuring circuit arranged in the first system and configured to maintain an operation of the first storage when the detection unit detects the reduction in voltage of the power supply, wherein the storage control unit is configured to copy at least data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus from the second storage to the first storage in a case where the first storage is set not to store the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus and the second storage is set to store the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the storage control unit is configured to operate one or more of functions of the information processing apparatus by using the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus copied from the second storage to the first storage. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the power source control unit is configured to stop the power supply to the second storage after the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus is copied. 4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a notification unit configured to notify a user of information,
wherein the notification unit is configured to notify the user that one or more of the functions of the information processing apparatus are operable. 5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the notification unit is configured to notify the user that the information processing apparatus is unable to be activated in a case where both of the first storage and the second storage are set not to store the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus. 6. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus is data for firmware and an application. 7. The information processing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein data related to a setting value is further copied from the second storage to the first storage in a case where the first storage is set not to store the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus and the second storage is set to store the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus. 8. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the storage control unit is configured to copy all data stored in the second storage to the first storage in a case where the first storage is set not to store the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus and the second storage is set to store the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus. 9. The information processing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the storage control unit is configured to copy all data stored in the first storage to the second storage. 10. The information processing apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a notification unit configured to notify a user of information,
wherein the notification unit is configured to notify the user that data stored in the first storage and data stored in the second storage have been exchanged with each other. 11. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a storage unit configured to store a serial number of a storage and a system to which the storage is connected; and an identification unit configured to identify the first storage and the second storage, wherein the identification unit is configured to compare a serial number of the first storage at a time of previous activation of the information processing apparatus with a serial number of the first storage at a time of current activation of the information processing apparatus and identify the first storage as not the storage that stores the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus in a case where the serial numbers are different from each other. 12. The information processing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the identification unit is configured to compare the serial number of the first storage at the time of the previous activation of the information processing apparatus with a serial number of the second storage at the time of the current activation of the information processing apparatus and identify the second storage as the storage that stores the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus in a case where the serial numbers are identical to each other. 13. The information processing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the identification unit is configured to compare a serial number of the second storage at the time of the previous activation of the information processing apparatus with the serial number of the first storage at the time of the current activation of the information processing apparatus and identify the first storage as the storage set not to store the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus in a case where the serial numbers are identical to each other. 14. The information processing apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the second storage at the time of the previous activation of the information processing apparatus is the storage set to store data related to a copy operation. 15. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ensuring circuit is not arranged in the second system. 16. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ensuring circuit includes a circuit configured to disconnect the first storage from the power supply unit in response to the detection unit detecting the reduction in voltage of the power supply. 17. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ensuring circuit includes a capacitor configured to hold an electric charge. 18. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the first storage and the second storage is a solid-state drive (SSD). 19. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first storage includes a volatile storage unit and a nonvolatile storage unit and is set to store data stored in the volatile storage unit in the nonvolatile storage unit in response to the detection unit detecting the reduction in voltage of the power supply. 20. A control method of an information processing apparatus including:
a storage control unit configured to control a first storage and a second storage, the first storage connected to a first system, and the second storage connected to a second system; a power supply unit configured to supply power to an information processing apparatus; a power source control unit configured to control power supply to the first storage and power supply to the second storage; a detection unit configured to detect reduction in voltage of the power supply; and an ensuring circuit arranged in the first system and configured to maintain an operation of the first storage in a case where the detection unit detects the reduction in voltage of the power supply, the control method comprising: copying at least data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus from the second storage to the first storage in a case where the first storage is set not to store the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus and the second storage is set to store the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus. | An information processing apparatus includes an ensuring circuit configured to maintain an operation of a first storage connected to a first system in a case where a detection unit detects reduction in voltage of a power supply. A control unit is configured to copy at least data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus from a second storage connected to a second system to the first storage in a case where the first storage is set not to store the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus and a second storage is set to store the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus.1. An information processing apparatus comprising:
a storage control unit configured to control a first storage and a second storage, the first storage connected to a first system, and the second storage connected to a second system; a power supply unit configured to supply power to an information processing apparatus; a power source control unit configured to control power supply to the first storage and power supply to the second storage; a detection unit configured to detect reduction in voltage of the power supply; and an ensuring circuit arranged in the first system and configured to maintain an operation of the first storage when the detection unit detects the reduction in voltage of the power supply, wherein the storage control unit is configured to copy at least data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus from the second storage to the first storage in a case where the first storage is set not to store the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus and the second storage is set to store the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the storage control unit is configured to operate one or more of functions of the information processing apparatus by using the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus copied from the second storage to the first storage. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the power source control unit is configured to stop the power supply to the second storage after the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus is copied. 4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a notification unit configured to notify a user of information,
wherein the notification unit is configured to notify the user that one or more of the functions of the information processing apparatus are operable. 5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the notification unit is configured to notify the user that the information processing apparatus is unable to be activated in a case where both of the first storage and the second storage are set not to store the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus. 6. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus is data for firmware and an application. 7. The information processing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein data related to a setting value is further copied from the second storage to the first storage in a case where the first storage is set not to store the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus and the second storage is set to store the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus. 8. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the storage control unit is configured to copy all data stored in the second storage to the first storage in a case where the first storage is set not to store the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus and the second storage is set to store the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus. 9. The information processing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the storage control unit is configured to copy all data stored in the first storage to the second storage. 10. The information processing apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a notification unit configured to notify a user of information,
wherein the notification unit is configured to notify the user that data stored in the first storage and data stored in the second storage have been exchanged with each other. 11. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a storage unit configured to store a serial number of a storage and a system to which the storage is connected; and an identification unit configured to identify the first storage and the second storage, wherein the identification unit is configured to compare a serial number of the first storage at a time of previous activation of the information processing apparatus with a serial number of the first storage at a time of current activation of the information processing apparatus and identify the first storage as not the storage that stores the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus in a case where the serial numbers are different from each other. 12. The information processing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the identification unit is configured to compare the serial number of the first storage at the time of the previous activation of the information processing apparatus with a serial number of the second storage at the time of the current activation of the information processing apparatus and identify the second storage as the storage that stores the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus in a case where the serial numbers are identical to each other. 13. The information processing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the identification unit is configured to compare a serial number of the second storage at the time of the previous activation of the information processing apparatus with the serial number of the first storage at the time of the current activation of the information processing apparatus and identify the first storage as the storage set not to store the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus in a case where the serial numbers are identical to each other. 14. The information processing apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the second storage at the time of the previous activation of the information processing apparatus is the storage set to store data related to a copy operation. 15. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ensuring circuit is not arranged in the second system. 16. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ensuring circuit includes a circuit configured to disconnect the first storage from the power supply unit in response to the detection unit detecting the reduction in voltage of the power supply. 17. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ensuring circuit includes a capacitor configured to hold an electric charge. 18. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the first storage and the second storage is a solid-state drive (SSD). 19. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first storage includes a volatile storage unit and a nonvolatile storage unit and is set to store data stored in the volatile storage unit in the nonvolatile storage unit in response to the detection unit detecting the reduction in voltage of the power supply. 20. A control method of an information processing apparatus including:
a storage control unit configured to control a first storage and a second storage, the first storage connected to a first system, and the second storage connected to a second system; a power supply unit configured to supply power to an information processing apparatus; a power source control unit configured to control power supply to the first storage and power supply to the second storage; a detection unit configured to detect reduction in voltage of the power supply; and an ensuring circuit arranged in the first system and configured to maintain an operation of the first storage in a case where the detection unit detects the reduction in voltage of the power supply, the control method comprising: copying at least data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus from the second storage to the first storage in a case where the first storage is set not to store the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus and the second storage is set to store the data necessary for activating the information processing apparatus. | 3,600 |
349,179 | 16,806,749 | 3,655 | A method for cardiovascular-dynamics correlated imaging includes receiving a time series of images of at least a portion of a patient, receiving a time series of cardiovascular data for the patient, evaluating correlation between the time series of images and the time series of cardiovascular data, and determining a property of the at least a portion of a patient, based upon the correlation. A system for cardiovascular-dynamics correlated imaging includes a processing device having: a processor, a memory communicatively coupled therewith, and a correlation module including machine-readable instructions stored in the memory that, when executed by the processor, perform the function of correlating a time series of images of at least a portion of a patient with a time series of cardiovascular data of the patient to determine a property of the at least a portion of a patient. | 1. A method for evaluating tissue for cancer, comprising:
receiving a time series of images of one or more regions of a patient; receiving a time series of cardiovascular data for the patient, the time series of cardiovascular data being recorded concurrently with the time series of images; evaluating a correlation between temporal variation in the time series of images and temporal variation in the time series of cardiovascular data, the correlation including at least one of temporal correlation and spectral correlation; identifying, in the images, vascularized tissue of the patient based upon the correlation; and evaluating the vascularized tissue of the patient for cancer based upon the images and based upon the correlation. 2. The method of claim 1, the step of receiving a time series of images comprising: generating the time series of images as a time series of electrical impedance tomography images and receiving the time series of electrical impedance tomography images. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the step of evaluating the correlation between temporal variation in the time series of images and temporal variation in the time series of cardiovascular data include identifying regions of lower correlative parameters consistent with cancer. 4. The method of claim 3, the step of receiving a time series of cardiovascular data comprising receiving a time series of pulse-oximetry data. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising generating at least one correlation-indicating image indicating the correlation parameters, and overlaying the at least one correlation-indicating image on the time series of images. 6. The method of claim 1, in the step of evaluating correlation, the temporal variation being temporal variation in heartbeat cycles identified from the time series of cardiovascular data. 7. The method of claim 6, the step of evaluating a correlation further comprising generating at least one correlation-indicating image indicating correlation parameters, and overlaying the at least one correlation-indicating image on the time series of images. 8. The method of claim 7, the step of evaluating correlation comprising:
detecting at least one cardiovascular signature in the time series of cardiovascular data to identify at least one heartbeat cycle; referencing the time series of images to timing of the at least one heartbeat cycle, said referencing comprising, if heartbeat rate is not constant, resampling the time series of cardiovascular data, and in accordance therewith the time series of images, to emulate a constant heartbeat rate; and analyzing the time series of images as a function of timing within a heartbeat cycle. 9. The method of claim 7, the step of evaluating correlation comprising:
detecting at least one cardiovascular signature in the time series of cardiovascular data to identify at least one heartbeat cycle; referencing the time series of images to timing of the at least one heartbeat cycle, said referencing comprising, if heartbeat rate is not constant, resampling the time series of cardiovascular data, and in accordance therewith the time series of images, to emulate a constant heartbeat rate; and analyzing the time series of images as a function of timing within a heartbeat cycle. 10. The method of claim 7, the step of evaluating correlation comprising:
extracting, from the time series of images, a respective time series of position sensitive signals each representing same spatial region of interest of the time series of images; and determining one or more parameters indicative of correlation between temporal variation in the time series of position sensitive signals and the temporal variation in the time series of cardiovascular data, the time series of signals and the time series of cardiovascular data being referenced to the heartbeat cycles. 11. The method of claim 8, the step of determining one or more parameters indicative of correlation comprising:
calculating temporal correlation coefficient as a function of phase shift between the time series of position sensitive signals and the time series of cardiovascular data; and determining maximum value of the temporal correlation coefficient as a function of the phase shift. 12. The method of claim 8, the step of determining one or more parameters indicative of correlation comprising:
calculating temporal correlation coefficient as a function of phase shift between the time series of position sensitive signals and the time series of cardiovascular data; and determining phase shift at which the temporal correlation coefficient as a function of the phase shift attains maximum value. 13. The method of claim 8, the step of determining one or more parameters indicative of correlation comprising at least one of (a) comparing temporal distributions of the time series of position sensitive signals and the time series of cardiovascular data and (b) comparing spectral distributions of the time series of position sensitive signals and the time series of cardiovascular data. 14. The method of claim 8, the step of evaluating correlation comprising:
extracting, from the time series of images, a respective time series of position sensitive signals each representing same spatial region of interest of the time series of images; and evaluating spectral distribution of the time series of position sensitive signals as a function of timing within heartbeat cycles. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating at least one correlation-indicating image indicating the correlation parameters. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising overlaying the at least one correlation-indicating image on the time series of images. 17. The method of claim 1, the property being presence or non-presence of vascularized cancer tissue in the one or more regions of the patient. 18. The method of claim 1, the property being amount or type of vascularized tissue in the one or more regions of the patient. 19. The method of claim 5 wherein the cancer is breast cancer. 20. The method of claim 19 wherein the cancer is determined by identifying regions having a correlation parameter differing from a correlation parameter of benign tissue by being a factor of 1.9 to 25.8 smaller than the correlation parameter of benign tissue. | A method for cardiovascular-dynamics correlated imaging includes receiving a time series of images of at least a portion of a patient, receiving a time series of cardiovascular data for the patient, evaluating correlation between the time series of images and the time series of cardiovascular data, and determining a property of the at least a portion of a patient, based upon the correlation. A system for cardiovascular-dynamics correlated imaging includes a processing device having: a processor, a memory communicatively coupled therewith, and a correlation module including machine-readable instructions stored in the memory that, when executed by the processor, perform the function of correlating a time series of images of at least a portion of a patient with a time series of cardiovascular data of the patient to determine a property of the at least a portion of a patient.1. A method for evaluating tissue for cancer, comprising:
receiving a time series of images of one or more regions of a patient; receiving a time series of cardiovascular data for the patient, the time series of cardiovascular data being recorded concurrently with the time series of images; evaluating a correlation between temporal variation in the time series of images and temporal variation in the time series of cardiovascular data, the correlation including at least one of temporal correlation and spectral correlation; identifying, in the images, vascularized tissue of the patient based upon the correlation; and evaluating the vascularized tissue of the patient for cancer based upon the images and based upon the correlation. 2. The method of claim 1, the step of receiving a time series of images comprising: generating the time series of images as a time series of electrical impedance tomography images and receiving the time series of electrical impedance tomography images. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the step of evaluating the correlation between temporal variation in the time series of images and temporal variation in the time series of cardiovascular data include identifying regions of lower correlative parameters consistent with cancer. 4. The method of claim 3, the step of receiving a time series of cardiovascular data comprising receiving a time series of pulse-oximetry data. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising generating at least one correlation-indicating image indicating the correlation parameters, and overlaying the at least one correlation-indicating image on the time series of images. 6. The method of claim 1, in the step of evaluating correlation, the temporal variation being temporal variation in heartbeat cycles identified from the time series of cardiovascular data. 7. The method of claim 6, the step of evaluating a correlation further comprising generating at least one correlation-indicating image indicating correlation parameters, and overlaying the at least one correlation-indicating image on the time series of images. 8. The method of claim 7, the step of evaluating correlation comprising:
detecting at least one cardiovascular signature in the time series of cardiovascular data to identify at least one heartbeat cycle; referencing the time series of images to timing of the at least one heartbeat cycle, said referencing comprising, if heartbeat rate is not constant, resampling the time series of cardiovascular data, and in accordance therewith the time series of images, to emulate a constant heartbeat rate; and analyzing the time series of images as a function of timing within a heartbeat cycle. 9. The method of claim 7, the step of evaluating correlation comprising:
detecting at least one cardiovascular signature in the time series of cardiovascular data to identify at least one heartbeat cycle; referencing the time series of images to timing of the at least one heartbeat cycle, said referencing comprising, if heartbeat rate is not constant, resampling the time series of cardiovascular data, and in accordance therewith the time series of images, to emulate a constant heartbeat rate; and analyzing the time series of images as a function of timing within a heartbeat cycle. 10. The method of claim 7, the step of evaluating correlation comprising:
extracting, from the time series of images, a respective time series of position sensitive signals each representing same spatial region of interest of the time series of images; and determining one or more parameters indicative of correlation between temporal variation in the time series of position sensitive signals and the temporal variation in the time series of cardiovascular data, the time series of signals and the time series of cardiovascular data being referenced to the heartbeat cycles. 11. The method of claim 8, the step of determining one or more parameters indicative of correlation comprising:
calculating temporal correlation coefficient as a function of phase shift between the time series of position sensitive signals and the time series of cardiovascular data; and determining maximum value of the temporal correlation coefficient as a function of the phase shift. 12. The method of claim 8, the step of determining one or more parameters indicative of correlation comprising:
calculating temporal correlation coefficient as a function of phase shift between the time series of position sensitive signals and the time series of cardiovascular data; and determining phase shift at which the temporal correlation coefficient as a function of the phase shift attains maximum value. 13. The method of claim 8, the step of determining one or more parameters indicative of correlation comprising at least one of (a) comparing temporal distributions of the time series of position sensitive signals and the time series of cardiovascular data and (b) comparing spectral distributions of the time series of position sensitive signals and the time series of cardiovascular data. 14. The method of claim 8, the step of evaluating correlation comprising:
extracting, from the time series of images, a respective time series of position sensitive signals each representing same spatial region of interest of the time series of images; and evaluating spectral distribution of the time series of position sensitive signals as a function of timing within heartbeat cycles. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating at least one correlation-indicating image indicating the correlation parameters. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising overlaying the at least one correlation-indicating image on the time series of images. 17. The method of claim 1, the property being presence or non-presence of vascularized cancer tissue in the one or more regions of the patient. 18. The method of claim 1, the property being amount or type of vascularized tissue in the one or more regions of the patient. 19. The method of claim 5 wherein the cancer is breast cancer. 20. The method of claim 19 wherein the cancer is determined by identifying regions having a correlation parameter differing from a correlation parameter of benign tissue by being a factor of 1.9 to 25.8 smaller than the correlation parameter of benign tissue. | 3,600 |
349,180 | 16,806,736 | 3,723 | An electronic torque wrench with double display screens includes a main body having a shank. A front end of the shank has a working head. The shank is defined with a central vertical face in the longitudinal direction. The electronic torque wrench further includes a display unit having two display screens. The two display screens are respectively disposed on two sides of the central vertical face. The two display screens are disposed by an inclination and directed upward and outward, whereby a user can easily observe the torque value displayed on the display screens. | 1. An electronic torque wrench with double display screens, comprising:
a main body having a shank, a front end of the shank having a working head, a center of the shank being defined with a central vertical face in the longitudinal direction; and a display unit having two display screens, the two display screens being obliquely disposed on the shank and respectively positioned on two sides of the central vertical face, each of the display screens having a top edge and a bottom edge, the top edge being spaced from the central vertical face by a first distance, the bottom edge being spaced from the central vertical face by a second distance, the first distance being smaller than the second distance. 2. The electronic torque wrench as claimed in claim 1, further comprising at least one set of pushbuttons disposed on the main body, the set of pushbuttons being composed of several pushbuttons. 3. The electronic torque wrench as claimed in claim 2, wherein the at least one set of pushbuttons is disposed between the top edges of the two display screens. 4. The electronic torque wrench as claimed in claim 2, wherein there are two sets of pushbuttons, the two display screens having two ends, one end of which being directed to the working head, the other end being away from the working head, the two sets of pushbuttons being respectively positioned at one end of the two display screens. 5. The electronic torque wrench as claimed in claim 4, wherein the two sets of pushbuttons are positioned at the same end of the two display screens. 6. The electronic torque wrench as claimed in claim 4, wherein the two sets of pushbuttons are positioned at different ends of the two display screens. 7. The electronic torque wrench as claimed in claim 1, wherein the display screens are disposed on two sides of the shank, each of the display screens having a normal line, the normal line of the display screen and the central vertical face containing an angle ranging from 20 degrees to 70 degrees. 8. The electronic torque wrench as claimed in claim 1, wherein the display directions of the two display screens are reverse to each other. | An electronic torque wrench with double display screens includes a main body having a shank. A front end of the shank has a working head. The shank is defined with a central vertical face in the longitudinal direction. The electronic torque wrench further includes a display unit having two display screens. The two display screens are respectively disposed on two sides of the central vertical face. The two display screens are disposed by an inclination and directed upward and outward, whereby a user can easily observe the torque value displayed on the display screens.1. An electronic torque wrench with double display screens, comprising:
a main body having a shank, a front end of the shank having a working head, a center of the shank being defined with a central vertical face in the longitudinal direction; and a display unit having two display screens, the two display screens being obliquely disposed on the shank and respectively positioned on two sides of the central vertical face, each of the display screens having a top edge and a bottom edge, the top edge being spaced from the central vertical face by a first distance, the bottom edge being spaced from the central vertical face by a second distance, the first distance being smaller than the second distance. 2. The electronic torque wrench as claimed in claim 1, further comprising at least one set of pushbuttons disposed on the main body, the set of pushbuttons being composed of several pushbuttons. 3. The electronic torque wrench as claimed in claim 2, wherein the at least one set of pushbuttons is disposed between the top edges of the two display screens. 4. The electronic torque wrench as claimed in claim 2, wherein there are two sets of pushbuttons, the two display screens having two ends, one end of which being directed to the working head, the other end being away from the working head, the two sets of pushbuttons being respectively positioned at one end of the two display screens. 5. The electronic torque wrench as claimed in claim 4, wherein the two sets of pushbuttons are positioned at the same end of the two display screens. 6. The electronic torque wrench as claimed in claim 4, wherein the two sets of pushbuttons are positioned at different ends of the two display screens. 7. The electronic torque wrench as claimed in claim 1, wherein the display screens are disposed on two sides of the shank, each of the display screens having a normal line, the normal line of the display screen and the central vertical face containing an angle ranging from 20 degrees to 70 degrees. 8. The electronic torque wrench as claimed in claim 1, wherein the display directions of the two display screens are reverse to each other. | 3,700 |
349,181 | 16,806,735 | 3,723 | An air conditioner having a freezing function includes an external device, an expansion valve, a condenser, a compressor, and an evaporator. The compressor, the condenser, the expansion valve, the external device, and the evaporator are sequentially connected to form a loop. The external device includes a capillary tube and a cut-off valve. The capillary tube is spirally disposed. The cut-off valve is connected in parallel to the capillary tube. A tube coupling is disposed at each of two ends of the capillary tube. The tube couplings are separately fixedly connected to a conduit extending from the expansion valve and a conduit extending from the evaporator. A spiral capillary tube is connected between an expansion valve and an evaporator in an air conditioner, so that the pressure of a liquid refrigerant is reduced when entering the capillary tube, thereby lowering the lowest refrigeration temperature to implement quick cooling. | 1. An external device, comprising
a capillary tube and a cut-off valve, wherein the capillary tube is spirally disposed, the cut-off valve is connected in parallel to the capillary tube, and a tube coupling is disposed at each of two ends of the capillary tube. 2. The external device according to claim 1, wherein the tube coupling is a copper tube coupling. 3. The external device according to claim 1, wherein the capillary tube comprises an inlet section, an outlet section, and a middle section, and wherein inner tube diameters of the inlet section and the outlet section are greater than an inner tube diameter of the middle section, and inner tube walls between the inlet section and the middle section and between the middle section and the outlet section have smooth transition. 4. The external device according to claim 3, wherein the inner tube diameters of the inlet section and the outlet section are in a range of 5 mm to 7 mm, and the inner tube diameter of the middle section is in a range of 1 mm to 3 mm. 5. The external device according to claim 3, wherein a total length of the capillary tube is in a range of 250 mm to 600 mm. 6. The external device according to claim 3, wherein the inlet section and the outlet section are fixedly provided with the tube couplings, and the periphery of the middle section is sleeved with a heat insulating cover. 7. The external device according to claim 1, wherein the cut-off valve comprises a solenoid valve. 8. An air conditioner having a freezing function, comprising
an external device comprising a capillary tube and a cut-off valve, an expansion valve, a condenser, a compressor, and an evaporator, wherein the compressor, the condenser, the expansion valve, the external device, and the evaporator are sequentially connected to form a loop. 9. The air conditioner according to claim 8, wherein tube couplings are separately fixedly connected to a conduit extending from the expansion valve and a conduit extending from the evaporator. 10. The air conditioner according to claim 8, wherein the capillary tube is spirally disposed, the cut-off valve is connected in parallel to the capillary tube, and a tube coupling is disposed at each of two ends of the capillary tube. 11. The air conditioner according to claim 8, wherein the tube coupling is a copper tube coupling. 12. The air conditioner according to claim 8, wherein the capillary tube comprises an inlet section, an outlet section, and a middle section, and wherein inner tube diameters of the inlet section and the outlet section are greater than an inner tube diameter of the middle section, and inner tube walls between the inlet section and the middle section and between the middle section and the outlet section have smooth transition. 13. The air conditioner according to claim 8, wherein the inner tube diameters of the inlet section and the outlet section are in a range of 5 mm to 7 mm, and the inner tube diameter of the middle section is in a range of 1 mm to 3 mm. 14. The air conditioner according to claim 8, wherein a total length of the capillary tube is in a range of 250 mm to 600 mm. 15. The air conditioner according to claim 8, wherein the inlet section and the outlet section are fixedly provided with the tube couplings, and the periphery of the middle section is sleeved with a heat insulating cover. 16. The air conditioner according to claim 8, wherein the cut-off valve comprises a solenoid valve. | An air conditioner having a freezing function includes an external device, an expansion valve, a condenser, a compressor, and an evaporator. The compressor, the condenser, the expansion valve, the external device, and the evaporator are sequentially connected to form a loop. The external device includes a capillary tube and a cut-off valve. The capillary tube is spirally disposed. The cut-off valve is connected in parallel to the capillary tube. A tube coupling is disposed at each of two ends of the capillary tube. The tube couplings are separately fixedly connected to a conduit extending from the expansion valve and a conduit extending from the evaporator. A spiral capillary tube is connected between an expansion valve and an evaporator in an air conditioner, so that the pressure of a liquid refrigerant is reduced when entering the capillary tube, thereby lowering the lowest refrigeration temperature to implement quick cooling.1. An external device, comprising
a capillary tube and a cut-off valve, wherein the capillary tube is spirally disposed, the cut-off valve is connected in parallel to the capillary tube, and a tube coupling is disposed at each of two ends of the capillary tube. 2. The external device according to claim 1, wherein the tube coupling is a copper tube coupling. 3. The external device according to claim 1, wherein the capillary tube comprises an inlet section, an outlet section, and a middle section, and wherein inner tube diameters of the inlet section and the outlet section are greater than an inner tube diameter of the middle section, and inner tube walls between the inlet section and the middle section and between the middle section and the outlet section have smooth transition. 4. The external device according to claim 3, wherein the inner tube diameters of the inlet section and the outlet section are in a range of 5 mm to 7 mm, and the inner tube diameter of the middle section is in a range of 1 mm to 3 mm. 5. The external device according to claim 3, wherein a total length of the capillary tube is in a range of 250 mm to 600 mm. 6. The external device according to claim 3, wherein the inlet section and the outlet section are fixedly provided with the tube couplings, and the periphery of the middle section is sleeved with a heat insulating cover. 7. The external device according to claim 1, wherein the cut-off valve comprises a solenoid valve. 8. An air conditioner having a freezing function, comprising
an external device comprising a capillary tube and a cut-off valve, an expansion valve, a condenser, a compressor, and an evaporator, wherein the compressor, the condenser, the expansion valve, the external device, and the evaporator are sequentially connected to form a loop. 9. The air conditioner according to claim 8, wherein tube couplings are separately fixedly connected to a conduit extending from the expansion valve and a conduit extending from the evaporator. 10. The air conditioner according to claim 8, wherein the capillary tube is spirally disposed, the cut-off valve is connected in parallel to the capillary tube, and a tube coupling is disposed at each of two ends of the capillary tube. 11. The air conditioner according to claim 8, wherein the tube coupling is a copper tube coupling. 12. The air conditioner according to claim 8, wherein the capillary tube comprises an inlet section, an outlet section, and a middle section, and wherein inner tube diameters of the inlet section and the outlet section are greater than an inner tube diameter of the middle section, and inner tube walls between the inlet section and the middle section and between the middle section and the outlet section have smooth transition. 13. The air conditioner according to claim 8, wherein the inner tube diameters of the inlet section and the outlet section are in a range of 5 mm to 7 mm, and the inner tube diameter of the middle section is in a range of 1 mm to 3 mm. 14. The air conditioner according to claim 8, wherein a total length of the capillary tube is in a range of 250 mm to 600 mm. 15. The air conditioner according to claim 8, wherein the inlet section and the outlet section are fixedly provided with the tube couplings, and the periphery of the middle section is sleeved with a heat insulating cover. 16. The air conditioner according to claim 8, wherein the cut-off valve comprises a solenoid valve. | 3,700 |
349,182 | 16,806,726 | 3,723 | A surface cleaning apparatus comprises an air treatment member having an air treatment chamber. A moveable member is positioned in the air treatment chamber. A handle is drivingly connected to the moveable member by a driving linkage wherein part of the driving linkage extends through a slot in the sidewall of the air treatment member, whereby the moveable member is longitudinally translatable through at least a portion of the chamber | 1. A surface cleaning apparatus comprising:
(a) an air flow path extending from a dirty air inlet to a clean air outlet; (b) an air treatment member having an air treatment chamber positioned in the air flow path, the air treatment chamber comprising an air treatment chamber air inlet, an air treatment chamber air outlet, an openable first end, a longitudinally spaced apart second end having the air treatment chamber air outlet and a longitudinally extending sidewall, the sidewall having a longitudinally extending slot, wherein the air treatment chamber air outlet comprises a longitudinally extending porous member having a longitudinally extending porous sidewall; (c) a suction motor positioned in the air flow path upstream of the clean air outlet; (d) a moveable member positioned in the air treatment chamber, the moveable member comprising at least one of the porous member and a cleaning member positioned in the air treatment chamber between the sidewall of the air treatment chamber and the porous sidewall; and, (e) a handle that is drivingly connected to the moveable member by a driving linkage and part of the driving linkage extends through the slot whereby the moveable member is longitudinally translatable through at least a portion of the chamber. 2. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the moveable member is moveable from an operating position in which the moveable member is positioned towards the second end and a cleaned position in which the moveable member is translated longitudinally away from the second end. 3. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 2 wherein in the cleaned position, at least a portion of the moveable member is exterior of the air treatment chamber. 4. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the moveable member comprises the cleaning member and the cleaning member is moveable from an operating position in which the cleaning member abuts the second end and a cleaned position in which the moveable member is translated longitudinally away from the second end. 5. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the cleaning member comprises an annular member. 6. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the air treatment member comprises a cyclone having a centrally positioned cyclone axis of rotation. 7. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the porous member is tapered towards the openable first end. 8. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a dirt collection chamber external to the air treatment member chamber and the air treatment member chamber has a dirt outlet in communication with the dirt collection chamber, wherein air rotates in a direction of rotation in the air treatment chamber and the slot is positioned in the sidewall in the direction of rotation downstream from the dirt outlet. 9. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 8 wherein the slot is positioned in the sidewall in the direction of rotation up to 90° downstream from the dirt outlet. 10. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first end is openable in response to the moveable member being longitudinally translatable through the chamber. 11. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an openable lock operable between a locked position in which the first end is secured in a closed position and an open position in which the first end is moveable to an open position and the lock is moveable from the locked position to the open position in response to the moveable member being longitudinally translatable through the chamber. 12. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 11 wherein the driving linkage operably engages the lock to move the lock from the locked position to the open position as the moveable member is longitudinally translated through the chamber. 13. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 12 wherein the driving linkage comprises a longitudinally extending drive rod. 14. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 12 wherein the driving linkage operably engages the first end to open the first end as the moveable member is longitudinally translated through the chamber. 15. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 11 wherein the moveable member operably engages the lock to move the lock from the locked position to the open position as the moveable member is longitudinally translated through the chamber. 16. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the slot has a first longitudinally extending side and a second longitudinally extending side that is spaced from and faces the first longitudinally extending side, wherein the driving linkage has a portion that travels longitudinally through the slot between the first and second longitudinally extending sides, wherein the first longitudinally extending side meets an inner surface of the sidewall of the air treatment chamber at a first juncture and the first juncture is angled or chamfered. 17. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the slot has a first longitudinally extending side and a second longitudinally extending side that is spaced from and faces the first longitudinally extending side, wherein the driving linkage has a portion that travels longitudinally through the slot between the first and second longitudinally extending sides, wherein a sealing member is positioned between the first and second longitudinally extending sides. 18. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 18 wherein the sealing member comprises a deformable member provided on at least one of the first and second longitudinally extending sides. 19. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 18 wherein the air treatment member is removably mounted to the surface cleaning apparatus and the sealing member is provided on the surface cleaning apparatus and is removably received in the slot when the air treatment member is mounted on the surface cleaning apparatus. 20. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 19 wherein the sealing member comprises a spline. | A surface cleaning apparatus comprises an air treatment member having an air treatment chamber. A moveable member is positioned in the air treatment chamber. A handle is drivingly connected to the moveable member by a driving linkage wherein part of the driving linkage extends through a slot in the sidewall of the air treatment member, whereby the moveable member is longitudinally translatable through at least a portion of the chamber1. A surface cleaning apparatus comprising:
(a) an air flow path extending from a dirty air inlet to a clean air outlet; (b) an air treatment member having an air treatment chamber positioned in the air flow path, the air treatment chamber comprising an air treatment chamber air inlet, an air treatment chamber air outlet, an openable first end, a longitudinally spaced apart second end having the air treatment chamber air outlet and a longitudinally extending sidewall, the sidewall having a longitudinally extending slot, wherein the air treatment chamber air outlet comprises a longitudinally extending porous member having a longitudinally extending porous sidewall; (c) a suction motor positioned in the air flow path upstream of the clean air outlet; (d) a moveable member positioned in the air treatment chamber, the moveable member comprising at least one of the porous member and a cleaning member positioned in the air treatment chamber between the sidewall of the air treatment chamber and the porous sidewall; and, (e) a handle that is drivingly connected to the moveable member by a driving linkage and part of the driving linkage extends through the slot whereby the moveable member is longitudinally translatable through at least a portion of the chamber. 2. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the moveable member is moveable from an operating position in which the moveable member is positioned towards the second end and a cleaned position in which the moveable member is translated longitudinally away from the second end. 3. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 2 wherein in the cleaned position, at least a portion of the moveable member is exterior of the air treatment chamber. 4. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the moveable member comprises the cleaning member and the cleaning member is moveable from an operating position in which the cleaning member abuts the second end and a cleaned position in which the moveable member is translated longitudinally away from the second end. 5. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the cleaning member comprises an annular member. 6. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the air treatment member comprises a cyclone having a centrally positioned cyclone axis of rotation. 7. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the porous member is tapered towards the openable first end. 8. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a dirt collection chamber external to the air treatment member chamber and the air treatment member chamber has a dirt outlet in communication with the dirt collection chamber, wherein air rotates in a direction of rotation in the air treatment chamber and the slot is positioned in the sidewall in the direction of rotation downstream from the dirt outlet. 9. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 8 wherein the slot is positioned in the sidewall in the direction of rotation up to 90° downstream from the dirt outlet. 10. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first end is openable in response to the moveable member being longitudinally translatable through the chamber. 11. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an openable lock operable between a locked position in which the first end is secured in a closed position and an open position in which the first end is moveable to an open position and the lock is moveable from the locked position to the open position in response to the moveable member being longitudinally translatable through the chamber. 12. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 11 wherein the driving linkage operably engages the lock to move the lock from the locked position to the open position as the moveable member is longitudinally translated through the chamber. 13. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 12 wherein the driving linkage comprises a longitudinally extending drive rod. 14. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 12 wherein the driving linkage operably engages the first end to open the first end as the moveable member is longitudinally translated through the chamber. 15. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 11 wherein the moveable member operably engages the lock to move the lock from the locked position to the open position as the moveable member is longitudinally translated through the chamber. 16. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the slot has a first longitudinally extending side and a second longitudinally extending side that is spaced from and faces the first longitudinally extending side, wherein the driving linkage has a portion that travels longitudinally through the slot between the first and second longitudinally extending sides, wherein the first longitudinally extending side meets an inner surface of the sidewall of the air treatment chamber at a first juncture and the first juncture is angled or chamfered. 17. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the slot has a first longitudinally extending side and a second longitudinally extending side that is spaced from and faces the first longitudinally extending side, wherein the driving linkage has a portion that travels longitudinally through the slot between the first and second longitudinally extending sides, wherein a sealing member is positioned between the first and second longitudinally extending sides. 18. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 18 wherein the sealing member comprises a deformable member provided on at least one of the first and second longitudinally extending sides. 19. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 18 wherein the air treatment member is removably mounted to the surface cleaning apparatus and the sealing member is provided on the surface cleaning apparatus and is removably received in the slot when the air treatment member is mounted on the surface cleaning apparatus. 20. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 19 wherein the sealing member comprises a spline. | 3,700 |
349,183 | 16,806,745 | 3,723 | A method and device for fingerprint recognition, a terminal, and a storage medium are provided, which belong to the technical field of information processing. The method is applicable to a terminal and includes the following. When a touch operation performed on a specified function widget of a current display interface of the terminal is detected and duration of the touch operation reaches preset duration, a fingerprint sensor disposed under a display area displaying the specified function widget is activated. Fingerprint information entered via the touch operation is collected with the fingerprint sensor. Security verification is performed on the fingerprint information. If the security verification of the fingerprint information passes, a function of the specified function widget is triggered. | 1. A method for fingerprint recognition, the method being applicable to a terminal, the terminal comprising at least one fingerprint sensor disposed under a display screen of the terminal, and the method comprising:
activating a fingerprint sensor disposed under a display area displaying a specified function widget, when a touch operation performed on the specified function widget of a current display interface of the terminal is detected and duration of the touch operation reaches preset duration; collecting, with the fingerprint sensor, fingerprint information entered via the touch operation; performing security verification on the fingerprint information; and triggering a function of the specified function widget in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the security verification on the fingerprint information comprises:
determining that the security verification of the fingerprint information passes, in response to the fingerprint information being identical with valid fingerprint information stored in advance; and determining that the security verification of the fingerprint information fails, in response to the fingerprint information being different from the valid fingerprint information stored in advance. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
after determining that the security verification of the fingerprint information fails: displaying fingerprint-entering prompt information on the current display interface, wherein the fingerprint-entering prompt information is used for prompting a user to re-enter a fingerprint. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
after determining that the security verification of the fingerprint information fails: counting the number of recognition failures, wherein the number of recognition failures is the number of consecutive fingerprint recognition failures; and displaying a password entering interface on the current display interface and prompting a user to enter a password via the password entering interface, in response to the number of recognition failures reaching a preset number. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein triggering the function of the specified function widget in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed comprises:
detecting whether the touch operation is a first sliding operation in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed, wherein a start position touched via the first sliding operation is within the display area displaying the specified function widget, and a final position touched via the first sliding operation is within a first target area, wherein the first target area is a closed area of the current display interface of the terminal and the first target area is not within the display area displaying the specified function widget; and triggering the function of the specified function widget, in response to detecting that the touch operation is the first sliding operation. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
disabling the fingerprint sensor in response to detecting that the touch operation is a second sliding operation, wherein a start position touched via the second sliding operation is within the display area displaying the specified function widget, and a final position touched via the second sliding operation is within a second target area, wherein the second target area is not within the display area displaying the specified function widget and the first target area. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein triggering the function of the specified function widget in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed comprises:
detecting whether a final position touched via the touch operation falls into the display area displaying the specified function widget in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed; displaying a confirmation popup window on a current user interface, in response to detecting that the final position touched via the touch operation falls into the display area displaying the specified function widget, wherein the confirmation popup window comprises a confirmation button and confirmation prompt information, wherein the confirmation prompt information is used for informing a user of that the security verification passes and querying whether to trigger the function of the specified function widget; and triggering the function of the specified function widget in response to the confirmation button being clicked. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein triggering the function of the specified function widget in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed comprises:
collecting an image with a front camera of the terminal in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed; and triggering the function of the specified function widget, when the image collected contains a face and both the face and the fingerprint information belong to a same user. 9. A method for fingerprint recognition, the method being applicable to a terminal and comprising:
displaying a specified function widget on a current display interface of the terminal; collecting fingerprint information entered via a touch operation performed on a display area displaying the specified function widget, when the touch operation performed on the specified function widget of the current display interface of the terminal is detected and duration of the touch operation reaches preset duration; and triggering a function of the specified function widget in response to security verification of the fingerprint information being passed. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein triggering the function of the specified function widget in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed comprises:
detecting whether the touch operation is a first sliding operation in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed, wherein a start position touched via the first sliding operation is within the display area displaying the specified function widget, and a final position touched via the first sliding operation is within a first target area, wherein the first target area is a closed area of the current display interface of the terminal and the first target area is not within the display area displaying the specified function widget; and triggering the function of the specified function widget, in response to detecting that the touch operation is the first sliding operation. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein triggering the function of the specified function widget in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed comprises:
detecting whether a final position touched via the touch operation falls into the display area displaying the specified function widget in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed; displaying a confirmation popup window on a current user interface, in response to detecting that the final position touched via the touch operation falls into the display area displaying the specified function widget, wherein the confirmation popup window comprises a confirmation button and confirmation prompt information, wherein the confirmation prompt information is used for informing a user of that the security verification passes and querying whether to trigger the function of the specified function widget; and triggering the function of the specified function widget in response to the confirmation button being clicked. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein triggering the function of the specified function widget in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed comprises:
collecting an image with a front camera of the terminal in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed; and triggering the function of the specified function widget, when the image collected contains a face and both the face and the fingerprint information belong to a same user. 13. A terminal, comprising:
at least one processor; and a computer readable storage, coupled to the at least one processor and storing at least one computer executable instruction thereon which, when executed by the at least one processor, is operable with the at least one processor to:
activate a fingerprint sensor disposed under a display area displaying a specified function widget, when a touch operation performed on the specified function widget of a current display interface of the terminal is detected and duration of the touch operation reaches preset duration, the terminal comprising at least one fingerprint sensor disposed under a display screen of the terminal;
collect, with the fingerprint sensor, fingerprint information entered via the touch operation;
perform security verification on the fingerprint information; and
trigger a function of the specified function widget in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed. 14. The terminal of claim 13, wherein the at least one computer executable instruction operable with the at least one processor to perform the security verification on the fingerprint information is operable with the at least one processor to:
determine that the security verification of the fingerprint information passes, in response to the fingerprint information being identical with valid fingerprint information stored in advance; and determine that the security verification of the fingerprint information fails, in response to the fingerprint information being different from the valid fingerprint information stored in advance. 15. The terminal of claim 14, wherein the at least one computer executable instruction is further operable with the processor to:
display fingerprint-entering prompt information on the current display interface, wherein the fingerprint-entering prompt information is used for prompting a user to re-enter a fingerprint. 16. The terminal of claim 14, wherein the at least one computer executable instruction is further operable with the processor to:
count the number of recognition failures, wherein the number of recognition failures is the number of consecutive fingerprint recognition failures; and display a password entering interface on the current display interface and prompt a user to enter a password via the password entering interface, in response to the number of recognition failures reaching a preset number. 17. The terminal of claim 13, wherein the at least one computer executable instruction operable with the at least one processor to trigger the function of the specified function widget in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed is operable with the at least one processor to:
detect whether the touch operation is a first sliding operation in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed, wherein a start position touched via the first sliding operation is within the display area displaying the specified function widget, and a final position touched via the first sliding operation is within a first target area, wherein the first target area is a closed area of the current display interface of the terminal and the first target area is not within the display area displaying the specified function widget; and trigger the function of the specified function widget, in response to detecting that the touch operation is the first sliding operation. 18. The terminal of claim 17, wherein the at least one computer executable instruction is further operable with the processor to:
disable the fingerprint sensor in response to detecting that the touch operation is a second sliding operation, wherein a start position touched via the second sliding operation is within the display area displaying the specified function widget, and a final position touched via the second sliding operation is within a second target area, wherein the second target area is not within the display area displaying the specified function widget and the first target area. 19. The terminal of claim 13, wherein the at least one computer executable instruction operable with the at least one processor to trigger the function of the specified function widget in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed is operable with the at least one processor to:
detect whether a final position touched via the touch operation falls into the display area displaying the specified function widget in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed; display a confirmation popup window on a current user interface, in response to detecting that the final position touched via the touch operation falls into the display area displaying the specified function widget, wherein the confirmation popup window comprises a confirmation button and confirmation prompt information, wherein the confirmation prompt information is used for informing a user of that the security verification passes and querying whether to trigger the function of the specified function widget; and trigger the function of the specified function widget in response to the confirmation button being clicked. 20. The terminal of claim 13, wherein the at least one computer executable instruction operable with the at least one processor to trigger the function of the specified function widget in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed is operable with the at least one processor to:
collect an image with a front camera of the terminal in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed; and trigger the function of the specified function widget, when the image collected contains a face and both the face and the fingerprint information belong to a same user. | A method and device for fingerprint recognition, a terminal, and a storage medium are provided, which belong to the technical field of information processing. The method is applicable to a terminal and includes the following. When a touch operation performed on a specified function widget of a current display interface of the terminal is detected and duration of the touch operation reaches preset duration, a fingerprint sensor disposed under a display area displaying the specified function widget is activated. Fingerprint information entered via the touch operation is collected with the fingerprint sensor. Security verification is performed on the fingerprint information. If the security verification of the fingerprint information passes, a function of the specified function widget is triggered.1. A method for fingerprint recognition, the method being applicable to a terminal, the terminal comprising at least one fingerprint sensor disposed under a display screen of the terminal, and the method comprising:
activating a fingerprint sensor disposed under a display area displaying a specified function widget, when a touch operation performed on the specified function widget of a current display interface of the terminal is detected and duration of the touch operation reaches preset duration; collecting, with the fingerprint sensor, fingerprint information entered via the touch operation; performing security verification on the fingerprint information; and triggering a function of the specified function widget in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the security verification on the fingerprint information comprises:
determining that the security verification of the fingerprint information passes, in response to the fingerprint information being identical with valid fingerprint information stored in advance; and determining that the security verification of the fingerprint information fails, in response to the fingerprint information being different from the valid fingerprint information stored in advance. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
after determining that the security verification of the fingerprint information fails: displaying fingerprint-entering prompt information on the current display interface, wherein the fingerprint-entering prompt information is used for prompting a user to re-enter a fingerprint. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
after determining that the security verification of the fingerprint information fails: counting the number of recognition failures, wherein the number of recognition failures is the number of consecutive fingerprint recognition failures; and displaying a password entering interface on the current display interface and prompting a user to enter a password via the password entering interface, in response to the number of recognition failures reaching a preset number. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein triggering the function of the specified function widget in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed comprises:
detecting whether the touch operation is a first sliding operation in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed, wherein a start position touched via the first sliding operation is within the display area displaying the specified function widget, and a final position touched via the first sliding operation is within a first target area, wherein the first target area is a closed area of the current display interface of the terminal and the first target area is not within the display area displaying the specified function widget; and triggering the function of the specified function widget, in response to detecting that the touch operation is the first sliding operation. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
disabling the fingerprint sensor in response to detecting that the touch operation is a second sliding operation, wherein a start position touched via the second sliding operation is within the display area displaying the specified function widget, and a final position touched via the second sliding operation is within a second target area, wherein the second target area is not within the display area displaying the specified function widget and the first target area. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein triggering the function of the specified function widget in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed comprises:
detecting whether a final position touched via the touch operation falls into the display area displaying the specified function widget in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed; displaying a confirmation popup window on a current user interface, in response to detecting that the final position touched via the touch operation falls into the display area displaying the specified function widget, wherein the confirmation popup window comprises a confirmation button and confirmation prompt information, wherein the confirmation prompt information is used for informing a user of that the security verification passes and querying whether to trigger the function of the specified function widget; and triggering the function of the specified function widget in response to the confirmation button being clicked. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein triggering the function of the specified function widget in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed comprises:
collecting an image with a front camera of the terminal in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed; and triggering the function of the specified function widget, when the image collected contains a face and both the face and the fingerprint information belong to a same user. 9. A method for fingerprint recognition, the method being applicable to a terminal and comprising:
displaying a specified function widget on a current display interface of the terminal; collecting fingerprint information entered via a touch operation performed on a display area displaying the specified function widget, when the touch operation performed on the specified function widget of the current display interface of the terminal is detected and duration of the touch operation reaches preset duration; and triggering a function of the specified function widget in response to security verification of the fingerprint information being passed. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein triggering the function of the specified function widget in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed comprises:
detecting whether the touch operation is a first sliding operation in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed, wherein a start position touched via the first sliding operation is within the display area displaying the specified function widget, and a final position touched via the first sliding operation is within a first target area, wherein the first target area is a closed area of the current display interface of the terminal and the first target area is not within the display area displaying the specified function widget; and triggering the function of the specified function widget, in response to detecting that the touch operation is the first sliding operation. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein triggering the function of the specified function widget in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed comprises:
detecting whether a final position touched via the touch operation falls into the display area displaying the specified function widget in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed; displaying a confirmation popup window on a current user interface, in response to detecting that the final position touched via the touch operation falls into the display area displaying the specified function widget, wherein the confirmation popup window comprises a confirmation button and confirmation prompt information, wherein the confirmation prompt information is used for informing a user of that the security verification passes and querying whether to trigger the function of the specified function widget; and triggering the function of the specified function widget in response to the confirmation button being clicked. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein triggering the function of the specified function widget in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed comprises:
collecting an image with a front camera of the terminal in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed; and triggering the function of the specified function widget, when the image collected contains a face and both the face and the fingerprint information belong to a same user. 13. A terminal, comprising:
at least one processor; and a computer readable storage, coupled to the at least one processor and storing at least one computer executable instruction thereon which, when executed by the at least one processor, is operable with the at least one processor to:
activate a fingerprint sensor disposed under a display area displaying a specified function widget, when a touch operation performed on the specified function widget of a current display interface of the terminal is detected and duration of the touch operation reaches preset duration, the terminal comprising at least one fingerprint sensor disposed under a display screen of the terminal;
collect, with the fingerprint sensor, fingerprint information entered via the touch operation;
perform security verification on the fingerprint information; and
trigger a function of the specified function widget in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed. 14. The terminal of claim 13, wherein the at least one computer executable instruction operable with the at least one processor to perform the security verification on the fingerprint information is operable with the at least one processor to:
determine that the security verification of the fingerprint information passes, in response to the fingerprint information being identical with valid fingerprint information stored in advance; and determine that the security verification of the fingerprint information fails, in response to the fingerprint information being different from the valid fingerprint information stored in advance. 15. The terminal of claim 14, wherein the at least one computer executable instruction is further operable with the processor to:
display fingerprint-entering prompt information on the current display interface, wherein the fingerprint-entering prompt information is used for prompting a user to re-enter a fingerprint. 16. The terminal of claim 14, wherein the at least one computer executable instruction is further operable with the processor to:
count the number of recognition failures, wherein the number of recognition failures is the number of consecutive fingerprint recognition failures; and display a password entering interface on the current display interface and prompt a user to enter a password via the password entering interface, in response to the number of recognition failures reaching a preset number. 17. The terminal of claim 13, wherein the at least one computer executable instruction operable with the at least one processor to trigger the function of the specified function widget in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed is operable with the at least one processor to:
detect whether the touch operation is a first sliding operation in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed, wherein a start position touched via the first sliding operation is within the display area displaying the specified function widget, and a final position touched via the first sliding operation is within a first target area, wherein the first target area is a closed area of the current display interface of the terminal and the first target area is not within the display area displaying the specified function widget; and trigger the function of the specified function widget, in response to detecting that the touch operation is the first sliding operation. 18. The terminal of claim 17, wherein the at least one computer executable instruction is further operable with the processor to:
disable the fingerprint sensor in response to detecting that the touch operation is a second sliding operation, wherein a start position touched via the second sliding operation is within the display area displaying the specified function widget, and a final position touched via the second sliding operation is within a second target area, wherein the second target area is not within the display area displaying the specified function widget and the first target area. 19. The terminal of claim 13, wherein the at least one computer executable instruction operable with the at least one processor to trigger the function of the specified function widget in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed is operable with the at least one processor to:
detect whether a final position touched via the touch operation falls into the display area displaying the specified function widget in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed; display a confirmation popup window on a current user interface, in response to detecting that the final position touched via the touch operation falls into the display area displaying the specified function widget, wherein the confirmation popup window comprises a confirmation button and confirmation prompt information, wherein the confirmation prompt information is used for informing a user of that the security verification passes and querying whether to trigger the function of the specified function widget; and trigger the function of the specified function widget in response to the confirmation button being clicked. 20. The terminal of claim 13, wherein the at least one computer executable instruction operable with the at least one processor to trigger the function of the specified function widget in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed is operable with the at least one processor to:
collect an image with a front camera of the terminal in response to the security verification of the fingerprint information being passed; and trigger the function of the specified function widget, when the image collected contains a face and both the face and the fingerprint information belong to a same user. | 3,700 |
349,184 | 16,806,743 | 3,723 | Methods and apparatus to facilitate matching of names for same media content are disclosed. Example methods include analyzing first data associated with first media content and, when a program name/identifier and/or episode name/identifier is not identified in the first data, supplementing the data with second data to form third data and processing the third data with respect to fourth data associated with second media content and calculating a composite match score including a program match score and an episode match score based on processing the third data with respect to the fourth data. When the first media content is determined to match the second media content based on the processing of the third data with respect to the fourth data and a comparison of the composite match score to a threshold is satisfied, a normalized media name is generated for the first media content and the second media content. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving first data related to a first media content; analyzing the first data to identify at least a) a program name or identifier and b) an episode name or identifier associated with the first media content; and when at least one of a) the program name or identifier and b) the episode name or identifier is not identified in the first data, processing the first data by:
retrieving second data from an affiliated provider and supplementing the first data with the second data to form third data associated with the first media content;
processing the third data with respect to fourth data associated with a second media content and calculating a composite match score including a program match score and an episode match score based on the processing of the third data with respect to the fourth data;
when the first media content is determined to match the second media content based on the processing of the third data with respect to the fourth data and a comparison of the composite match score to a threshold is satisfied, generating a normalized media name for the first media content and the second media content; and
outputting the normalized media name in association with the first media content. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the composite match score is used to match the first media content and the second media content using one of three classifications based on the composite match score: a good match, a possible match or a no-match. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein a good match corresponds to a composite match score greater than or equal to a first threshold, a possible match corresponds to a normalized data file with a composite match score greater than or equal to a second threshold, and a no match corresponds to a composite match score less than the second threshold. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first media content and the second media content each include at least one of television media content, video on demand media content, or digital media content. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein outputting the normalized media name in association with the first media content includes storing the first media content and the second media content in association with the normalized media name. 6. The method of claim 1, further including training a machine learning algorithm for pattern matching to match the first media content and the second media content based on feedback associated with at least one of a) processing the first data with respect to the fourth data or b) processing the third data with respect to the fourth data. 7. The method of claim 1, further including cleaning the first data by:
identifying at least one of a program name or an episode name in the first data; extracting meta-data from the at least one of a program name or an episode name; removing at least one of a program identifier or an episode identifier from the at least one of a program name or an episode name; removing punctuation from the at least one of a program name or an episode name; converting letters to lowercase in the at least one of a program name or an episode name. 8. The method of claim 7, further including adjusting the composite match score based on the meta-data extracted from the at least one of a program name or an episode name. 9. The method of claim 1, further including: when a) the program name or identifier and b) the episode name or identifier are identified in the data, processing the first data with respect to the fourth data to match the first media content to the second media content and, when the first media content is determined to match the second media content based on the processing of the first data with respect to the fourth data, generating a normalized name for the first media content and the second media content. 10. An apparatus, comprising:
a data receiver to receive first data related to a first media content; and a name matcher to:
analyze the first data to identify at least a) a program name or identifier and b) an episode name or identifier associated with the first media content; and
when at least one of a) the program name or identifier and b) the episode name or identifier is not identified in the first data, process the first data by:
retrieving second data from an affiliated provider and supplementing the first data with the second data to form third data associated with the first media content;
processing the third data with respect to fourth data associated with a second media content and calculating a composite match score including a program match score and an episode match score based on the processing of the third data with respect to the fourth data;
when the first media content is determined to match the second media content based on the processing of the third data with respect to the fourth data and a comparison of the composite match score to a threshold is satisfied, generating a normalized media name for the first media content and the second media content; and
outputting the normalized media name in association with the first media content. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the composite match score is used to match the first media content and the second media content using one of three classifications based on the composite match score: a good match, a possible match or a no-match. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein a good match corresponds to a composite match score greater than or equal to a first threshold, a possible match corresponds to a normalized data file with a composite match score greater than or equal to a second threshold, and a no match corresponds to a composite match score less than the second threshold. 13. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the first media content and the second media content each include at least one of television media content, video on demand media content, or digital media content. 14. The apparatus of claim 10, further including a data store to store the first media content and the second media content in association with the normalized media name. 15. The apparatus of claim 10, further including an algorithm trainer to train a machine learning algorithm for pattern matching to match the first media content and the second media content based on feedback associated with at least one of a) processing the first data with respect to the fourth data or b) processing the third data with respect to the fourth data. 16. The apparatus of claim 10, further including a data cleaner to clean the first data by:
identifying at least one of a program name or an episode name in the first data; extracting meta-data from the at least one of a program name or an episode name; removing at least one of a program identifier or an episode identifier from the at least one of a program name or an episode name; removing punctuation from the at least one of a program name or an episode name; converting letters to lowercase in the at least one of a program name or an episode name. 17. A tangible computer readable storage medium having instructions that, when executed, cause a machine to:
receive first data related to a first media content; analyze the first data to identify at least a) a program name or identifier and b) an episode name or identifier associated with the first media content; and when at least one of a) the program name or identifier and b) the episode name or identifier is not identified in the first data, process the first data by:
retrieving second data from an affiliated provider and supplementing the first data with the second data to form third data associated with the first media content;
processing the third data with respect to fourth data associated with a second media content and calculating a composite match score including a program match score and an episode match score based on the processing of the third data with respect to the fourth data;
when the first media content is determined to match the second media content based on the processing of the third data with respect to the fourth data and a comparison of the composite match score to a threshold is satisfied, generating a normalized media name for the first media content and the second media content; and
outputting the normalized media name in association with the first media content. 18. The computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the composite match score is used to match the first media content and the second media content using one of three classifications based on the composite match score: a good match, a possible match or a no-match. 19. The computer readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein a good match corresponds to a composite match score greater than or equal to a first threshold, a possible match corresponds to a normalized data file with a composite match score greater than or equal to a second threshold, and a no match corresponds to a composite match score less than the second threshold. 20. The computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the first media content and the second media content each include at least one of television media content, video on demand media content, or digital media content. | Methods and apparatus to facilitate matching of names for same media content are disclosed. Example methods include analyzing first data associated with first media content and, when a program name/identifier and/or episode name/identifier is not identified in the first data, supplementing the data with second data to form third data and processing the third data with respect to fourth data associated with second media content and calculating a composite match score including a program match score and an episode match score based on processing the third data with respect to the fourth data. When the first media content is determined to match the second media content based on the processing of the third data with respect to the fourth data and a comparison of the composite match score to a threshold is satisfied, a normalized media name is generated for the first media content and the second media content.1. A method comprising:
receiving first data related to a first media content; analyzing the first data to identify at least a) a program name or identifier and b) an episode name or identifier associated with the first media content; and when at least one of a) the program name or identifier and b) the episode name or identifier is not identified in the first data, processing the first data by:
retrieving second data from an affiliated provider and supplementing the first data with the second data to form third data associated with the first media content;
processing the third data with respect to fourth data associated with a second media content and calculating a composite match score including a program match score and an episode match score based on the processing of the third data with respect to the fourth data;
when the first media content is determined to match the second media content based on the processing of the third data with respect to the fourth data and a comparison of the composite match score to a threshold is satisfied, generating a normalized media name for the first media content and the second media content; and
outputting the normalized media name in association with the first media content. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the composite match score is used to match the first media content and the second media content using one of three classifications based on the composite match score: a good match, a possible match or a no-match. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein a good match corresponds to a composite match score greater than or equal to a first threshold, a possible match corresponds to a normalized data file with a composite match score greater than or equal to a second threshold, and a no match corresponds to a composite match score less than the second threshold. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first media content and the second media content each include at least one of television media content, video on demand media content, or digital media content. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein outputting the normalized media name in association with the first media content includes storing the first media content and the second media content in association with the normalized media name. 6. The method of claim 1, further including training a machine learning algorithm for pattern matching to match the first media content and the second media content based on feedback associated with at least one of a) processing the first data with respect to the fourth data or b) processing the third data with respect to the fourth data. 7. The method of claim 1, further including cleaning the first data by:
identifying at least one of a program name or an episode name in the first data; extracting meta-data from the at least one of a program name or an episode name; removing at least one of a program identifier or an episode identifier from the at least one of a program name or an episode name; removing punctuation from the at least one of a program name or an episode name; converting letters to lowercase in the at least one of a program name or an episode name. 8. The method of claim 7, further including adjusting the composite match score based on the meta-data extracted from the at least one of a program name or an episode name. 9. The method of claim 1, further including: when a) the program name or identifier and b) the episode name or identifier are identified in the data, processing the first data with respect to the fourth data to match the first media content to the second media content and, when the first media content is determined to match the second media content based on the processing of the first data with respect to the fourth data, generating a normalized name for the first media content and the second media content. 10. An apparatus, comprising:
a data receiver to receive first data related to a first media content; and a name matcher to:
analyze the first data to identify at least a) a program name or identifier and b) an episode name or identifier associated with the first media content; and
when at least one of a) the program name or identifier and b) the episode name or identifier is not identified in the first data, process the first data by:
retrieving second data from an affiliated provider and supplementing the first data with the second data to form third data associated with the first media content;
processing the third data with respect to fourth data associated with a second media content and calculating a composite match score including a program match score and an episode match score based on the processing of the third data with respect to the fourth data;
when the first media content is determined to match the second media content based on the processing of the third data with respect to the fourth data and a comparison of the composite match score to a threshold is satisfied, generating a normalized media name for the first media content and the second media content; and
outputting the normalized media name in association with the first media content. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the composite match score is used to match the first media content and the second media content using one of three classifications based on the composite match score: a good match, a possible match or a no-match. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein a good match corresponds to a composite match score greater than or equal to a first threshold, a possible match corresponds to a normalized data file with a composite match score greater than or equal to a second threshold, and a no match corresponds to a composite match score less than the second threshold. 13. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the first media content and the second media content each include at least one of television media content, video on demand media content, or digital media content. 14. The apparatus of claim 10, further including a data store to store the first media content and the second media content in association with the normalized media name. 15. The apparatus of claim 10, further including an algorithm trainer to train a machine learning algorithm for pattern matching to match the first media content and the second media content based on feedback associated with at least one of a) processing the first data with respect to the fourth data or b) processing the third data with respect to the fourth data. 16. The apparatus of claim 10, further including a data cleaner to clean the first data by:
identifying at least one of a program name or an episode name in the first data; extracting meta-data from the at least one of a program name or an episode name; removing at least one of a program identifier or an episode identifier from the at least one of a program name or an episode name; removing punctuation from the at least one of a program name or an episode name; converting letters to lowercase in the at least one of a program name or an episode name. 17. A tangible computer readable storage medium having instructions that, when executed, cause a machine to:
receive first data related to a first media content; analyze the first data to identify at least a) a program name or identifier and b) an episode name or identifier associated with the first media content; and when at least one of a) the program name or identifier and b) the episode name or identifier is not identified in the first data, process the first data by:
retrieving second data from an affiliated provider and supplementing the first data with the second data to form third data associated with the first media content;
processing the third data with respect to fourth data associated with a second media content and calculating a composite match score including a program match score and an episode match score based on the processing of the third data with respect to the fourth data;
when the first media content is determined to match the second media content based on the processing of the third data with respect to the fourth data and a comparison of the composite match score to a threshold is satisfied, generating a normalized media name for the first media content and the second media content; and
outputting the normalized media name in association with the first media content. 18. The computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the composite match score is used to match the first media content and the second media content using one of three classifications based on the composite match score: a good match, a possible match or a no-match. 19. The computer readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein a good match corresponds to a composite match score greater than or equal to a first threshold, a possible match corresponds to a normalized data file with a composite match score greater than or equal to a second threshold, and a no match corresponds to a composite match score less than the second threshold. 20. The computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the first media content and the second media content each include at least one of television media content, video on demand media content, or digital media content. | 3,700 |
349,185 | 16,806,786 | 3,723 | One or more time-varying signals from continuous monitoring of an individual or the individual's environment are processed in a non-linear fashion to develop signatures for those signals to assess the individual's health. Qualitative data such as individual, family, and/or health care provider reporting of activity or status, and lab data, may also be used. The system may compute an integrated likelihood of the individual experiencing an illness or condition, which is provided to the individual and/or a training or health-care provider for the individual, and updated on a time schedule, giving pre-symptomatic notice of illnesses and early identification of conditions. The system may also optimize a course of performance training and diet. Further, by incorporating treatment data, the invention may be used in forming a quality measure of the individual's care, health, function, risk of adverse or undesired event, and efficacy or lack thereof of medical treatments or other necessary interventions. | 1. A method for assessing the likelihood of an individual for experiencing a condition, the method comprising:
a. providing one or more time-varying signals from continuous monitoring of the individual or the individual's environment; b. processing the signals to develop signatures for those signals; c. calculating an integrated likelihood of experiencing the condition; d. providing the integrated likelihood and/or signatures to the individual and/or a training or health-care provider for the individual; and e. updating the displayed integrated likelihood and/or signatures on a time schedule. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein calculating an AI-based integrated dynamic likelihood comprises nonlinear dynamic calculations at the second or millisecond time scale of at least one of the time-varying signals after personalized distinction of noise from the bonafide signal. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the time-varying signals comprise continuous time-varying physiological and/or environmental signals, and wherein the signatures are telemetrically derived waveform data. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the signals comprise continuous waveform output from one or more of: electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG), electromyogram (EMG), thoracic and/or abdominal excursions recorded by inductive plethysmography bands; recordings of nasopharyngeal airflow, pulse oximetry, intracardiac pressure, intracardiac electrogram (EGM), temperature, gauge and/or camera-sensed body position, sleep/activity monitor, acid/base monitoring, respiration, acceleration or ambulation monitor, ambient light exposure monitor, ambient sound exposure monitor, ambient temperature monitor, invasive and/or noninvasive blood pressure readings, glucose level monitor, hemoglobin oxygen saturation monitor, arterial blood oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressure monitor, tissue hemoglobin oxygen saturation monitor, nasopharyngeal airflow, and metabolic activity monitor based on one or more of expired CO2, inspired O2, respiration rate, respiration volume, and laboratory blood measurements including not limited to plasma count and lipid density concentration measurements. 5. The method according to claim 1 wherein at least one of the signals associated with the condition further comprises individual, family, and/or health care provider subjective reporting of a relative status of the individual's condition. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more signals comprise at least one subclinical signature. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the individual is asymptomatic for the condition. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more signatures are derived from a population of individuals evidencing the condition or from the individual or both. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the signals represent continuous monitoring over a time frame of one hour to several days, and wherein the integrated likelihood and signatures are updated on a time schedule is every 1 to 30 minutes. 10. The method according to claim 1, further comprising creating a profile of the individual comprising a composite of the individual's time-varying signatures and integrated likelihood of groups of individuals with similar time-varying signatures, storing the signature profile, and utilizing the stored signature profile upon the individual's subsequent treatment or training. 11. A dynamic personal health and fitness assistant system comprising:
a. an input system capturing one or more of (a.) physiological time-varying signals generated from one or more of telemetric physiological systems coupled to an individual, (b.) environmental monitoring signals generated from environmental monitoring systems coupled to an individual and (c.) metric signals generated from clinical or performance assessment or self-assessment of the individual; b. an analysis system developing a subject profile, the subject profile being updated in response to signals captured by the input system; and c. one or more monitors for presenting the subject profile for the individual. 12. The dynamic personal health assistant according to claim 11, wherein the one or more monitors is selected from a transportable monitor, a stationary monitor, a continuous monitor, a time-scheduled monitor, and combinations thereof. 13. A method for identifying a predictive event or condition influencing the physiological condition of a population of individuals, the method comprising:
a. collecting time-varying physiological signals for each individual of the population, wherein the population includes individuals that have experienced the predictive event or condition and individuals who have not experienced the predictive event or condition; b. processing the time-varying physiological signals to produce signature profiles for each individual; c. comparing signature profiles for those individuals who have experienced the predictive event or condition to signature profiles for those individuals who have not experienced the predictive event or condition to identify a correlative pattern distinguishing signature profiles of individuals who have experienced the event or condition and individuals who have not experienced the event or condition; d. computing a likelihood of the event or condition for a candidate by collecting time-varying physical signals for the candidate, processing the time-varying physiological signals to produce signature profiles for the candidate, and identifying whether the correlative pattern appears in the signature profiles for the candidate. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the event or condition is one or more of mortality or emergence of symptoms of disease. 15. The method of claim 13 wherein the correlative pattern comprises one or more of signal variation during sleep onset or a sleep state transition, use or non-use of a drug or pharmaceutical, exposure or non-exposure to an environmental condition or agent. 16. The method of claim 13 wherein the time-varying signals comprise one or more telemetrically monitored non-digitized time-varying signatures. 17. A method of collection and analysis of physiological signals during sleep that can be used for health assessment of an individual and prediction of outcomes, comprising:
a. collecting one or more time-varying physiological or environmental signals associated with an individual during at least part of a sleep-wake cycle of the individual; b. associating time periods of the signals with sleep-wake cycle or sleep state of the individual; c. developing a signature profile the signals for each time period; d. comparing the signature profiles to signature profile patterns for various disease states or conditions; and e. calculating a likelihood of a state or condition for the individual. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the time-varying signals comprise output from one or more of: electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG), electromyogram (EMG), thoracic and/or abdominal excursions recorded by inductive plethysmography bands; recordings of nasopharyngeal airflow, pulse oximetry, intracardiac pressure, intracardiac electrogram (EGM), temperature, gauge-sensed body position, sleep/activity monitor, acid/base monitoring, respiration, ambulation monitor, ambient light exposure monitor, ambient sound exposure monitor, ambient temperature monitor, invasive and/or noninvasive blood pressure readings, glucose level monitor, hemoglobin oxygen saturation monitor, arterial blood oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressure monitor, tissue hemoglobin oxygen saturation monitor, nasopharyngeal airflow, and metabolic activity monitor based on one or more of expired CO2, inspired O2, respiration rate, and respiration volume. 19. The method according to claim 17 wherein at least one of the signals associated with the condition further comprises individual, family, and/or health care provider subjective reporting of a relative status of the individual's state or condition. 20. The method according to claim 17, wherein the one or more signals comprise at least one subclinical signature. 21. The method according to claim 17, wherein the individual is asymptomatic for the state or condition. 22. The method according to claim 17, wherein the one or more signatures are derived from a population of individuals evidencing the condition or from the individual or both. 23. The method according to claim 17, wherein the signals represent continuous monitoring over a time frame of two to six hours, and wherein the integrated risk and signatures are updated on a time schedule is every 15 to 30 minutes. 24. The method according to claim 17, wherein the sleep cycle/sleep state is on or more of: awake, first onset of sleep, stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, stage 4, stage 5, N1, N2, N3, slow wave sleep, non-REM sleep, REM sleep, light sleep, deep sleep, or a combination of these. 25. The method according to claim 17 wherein the physiological signals are collected at first onset of sleep and the signature profile patterns relate to signals collected at first onset of sleep. 26. The method according to claim 17 wherein the development of a signature profile comprises non-linear dynamic analysis applied to the time-varying physiological signals. 27. The method according to claim 26 wherein the analysis comprises one or more of non-linear dynamic analyses, sample entropy, and other forms of non-linear analyses. 28. The method according to claim 26 development of a signature profile comprises comparison of signals from an individual in different sleep states or during progression between sleep states. 29. The method of claim 17 wherein the signature profile patterns are generated from comparison of signature profiles of plurality of subjects diagnosed with a pathological condition to signature profiles of a plurality of normal subjects when monitored during sleep periods. 30. A method of collection and analysis of treatment information can be used for assessment of treatment quality for an individual and improvement of treatment methods, comprising:
a. collecting one or more time-varying physiological or environmental signals associated with an individual; b. collecting medical treatment information for the individual including one or more of pharmacological treatments, surgical or non-surgical caregiver activity involving the individual, and qualitative assessments of an individual's well-being from caregivers, the individual or observers; c. developing a signature profile the of the signals and medical treatment information for each of a plurality of individuals and series of time periods; d. comparing the signature profiles to data indicating subsequent individual outcomes, disease states or conditions; and e. calculating a quality measure of an individual's care indicating the efficacy or lack thereof of medical treatments identified in the medical treatment information. | One or more time-varying signals from continuous monitoring of an individual or the individual's environment are processed in a non-linear fashion to develop signatures for those signals to assess the individual's health. Qualitative data such as individual, family, and/or health care provider reporting of activity or status, and lab data, may also be used. The system may compute an integrated likelihood of the individual experiencing an illness or condition, which is provided to the individual and/or a training or health-care provider for the individual, and updated on a time schedule, giving pre-symptomatic notice of illnesses and early identification of conditions. The system may also optimize a course of performance training and diet. Further, by incorporating treatment data, the invention may be used in forming a quality measure of the individual's care, health, function, risk of adverse or undesired event, and efficacy or lack thereof of medical treatments or other necessary interventions.1. A method for assessing the likelihood of an individual for experiencing a condition, the method comprising:
a. providing one or more time-varying signals from continuous monitoring of the individual or the individual's environment; b. processing the signals to develop signatures for those signals; c. calculating an integrated likelihood of experiencing the condition; d. providing the integrated likelihood and/or signatures to the individual and/or a training or health-care provider for the individual; and e. updating the displayed integrated likelihood and/or signatures on a time schedule. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein calculating an AI-based integrated dynamic likelihood comprises nonlinear dynamic calculations at the second or millisecond time scale of at least one of the time-varying signals after personalized distinction of noise from the bonafide signal. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the time-varying signals comprise continuous time-varying physiological and/or environmental signals, and wherein the signatures are telemetrically derived waveform data. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the signals comprise continuous waveform output from one or more of: electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG), electromyogram (EMG), thoracic and/or abdominal excursions recorded by inductive plethysmography bands; recordings of nasopharyngeal airflow, pulse oximetry, intracardiac pressure, intracardiac electrogram (EGM), temperature, gauge and/or camera-sensed body position, sleep/activity monitor, acid/base monitoring, respiration, acceleration or ambulation monitor, ambient light exposure monitor, ambient sound exposure monitor, ambient temperature monitor, invasive and/or noninvasive blood pressure readings, glucose level monitor, hemoglobin oxygen saturation monitor, arterial blood oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressure monitor, tissue hemoglobin oxygen saturation monitor, nasopharyngeal airflow, and metabolic activity monitor based on one or more of expired CO2, inspired O2, respiration rate, respiration volume, and laboratory blood measurements including not limited to plasma count and lipid density concentration measurements. 5. The method according to claim 1 wherein at least one of the signals associated with the condition further comprises individual, family, and/or health care provider subjective reporting of a relative status of the individual's condition. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more signals comprise at least one subclinical signature. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the individual is asymptomatic for the condition. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more signatures are derived from a population of individuals evidencing the condition or from the individual or both. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the signals represent continuous monitoring over a time frame of one hour to several days, and wherein the integrated likelihood and signatures are updated on a time schedule is every 1 to 30 minutes. 10. The method according to claim 1, further comprising creating a profile of the individual comprising a composite of the individual's time-varying signatures and integrated likelihood of groups of individuals with similar time-varying signatures, storing the signature profile, and utilizing the stored signature profile upon the individual's subsequent treatment or training. 11. A dynamic personal health and fitness assistant system comprising:
a. an input system capturing one or more of (a.) physiological time-varying signals generated from one or more of telemetric physiological systems coupled to an individual, (b.) environmental monitoring signals generated from environmental monitoring systems coupled to an individual and (c.) metric signals generated from clinical or performance assessment or self-assessment of the individual; b. an analysis system developing a subject profile, the subject profile being updated in response to signals captured by the input system; and c. one or more monitors for presenting the subject profile for the individual. 12. The dynamic personal health assistant according to claim 11, wherein the one or more monitors is selected from a transportable monitor, a stationary monitor, a continuous monitor, a time-scheduled monitor, and combinations thereof. 13. A method for identifying a predictive event or condition influencing the physiological condition of a population of individuals, the method comprising:
a. collecting time-varying physiological signals for each individual of the population, wherein the population includes individuals that have experienced the predictive event or condition and individuals who have not experienced the predictive event or condition; b. processing the time-varying physiological signals to produce signature profiles for each individual; c. comparing signature profiles for those individuals who have experienced the predictive event or condition to signature profiles for those individuals who have not experienced the predictive event or condition to identify a correlative pattern distinguishing signature profiles of individuals who have experienced the event or condition and individuals who have not experienced the event or condition; d. computing a likelihood of the event or condition for a candidate by collecting time-varying physical signals for the candidate, processing the time-varying physiological signals to produce signature profiles for the candidate, and identifying whether the correlative pattern appears in the signature profiles for the candidate. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the event or condition is one or more of mortality or emergence of symptoms of disease. 15. The method of claim 13 wherein the correlative pattern comprises one or more of signal variation during sleep onset or a sleep state transition, use or non-use of a drug or pharmaceutical, exposure or non-exposure to an environmental condition or agent. 16. The method of claim 13 wherein the time-varying signals comprise one or more telemetrically monitored non-digitized time-varying signatures. 17. A method of collection and analysis of physiological signals during sleep that can be used for health assessment of an individual and prediction of outcomes, comprising:
a. collecting one or more time-varying physiological or environmental signals associated with an individual during at least part of a sleep-wake cycle of the individual; b. associating time periods of the signals with sleep-wake cycle or sleep state of the individual; c. developing a signature profile the signals for each time period; d. comparing the signature profiles to signature profile patterns for various disease states or conditions; and e. calculating a likelihood of a state or condition for the individual. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the time-varying signals comprise output from one or more of: electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG), electromyogram (EMG), thoracic and/or abdominal excursions recorded by inductive plethysmography bands; recordings of nasopharyngeal airflow, pulse oximetry, intracardiac pressure, intracardiac electrogram (EGM), temperature, gauge-sensed body position, sleep/activity monitor, acid/base monitoring, respiration, ambulation monitor, ambient light exposure monitor, ambient sound exposure monitor, ambient temperature monitor, invasive and/or noninvasive blood pressure readings, glucose level monitor, hemoglobin oxygen saturation monitor, arterial blood oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressure monitor, tissue hemoglobin oxygen saturation monitor, nasopharyngeal airflow, and metabolic activity monitor based on one or more of expired CO2, inspired O2, respiration rate, and respiration volume. 19. The method according to claim 17 wherein at least one of the signals associated with the condition further comprises individual, family, and/or health care provider subjective reporting of a relative status of the individual's state or condition. 20. The method according to claim 17, wherein the one or more signals comprise at least one subclinical signature. 21. The method according to claim 17, wherein the individual is asymptomatic for the state or condition. 22. The method according to claim 17, wherein the one or more signatures are derived from a population of individuals evidencing the condition or from the individual or both. 23. The method according to claim 17, wherein the signals represent continuous monitoring over a time frame of two to six hours, and wherein the integrated risk and signatures are updated on a time schedule is every 15 to 30 minutes. 24. The method according to claim 17, wherein the sleep cycle/sleep state is on or more of: awake, first onset of sleep, stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, stage 4, stage 5, N1, N2, N3, slow wave sleep, non-REM sleep, REM sleep, light sleep, deep sleep, or a combination of these. 25. The method according to claim 17 wherein the physiological signals are collected at first onset of sleep and the signature profile patterns relate to signals collected at first onset of sleep. 26. The method according to claim 17 wherein the development of a signature profile comprises non-linear dynamic analysis applied to the time-varying physiological signals. 27. The method according to claim 26 wherein the analysis comprises one or more of non-linear dynamic analyses, sample entropy, and other forms of non-linear analyses. 28. The method according to claim 26 development of a signature profile comprises comparison of signals from an individual in different sleep states or during progression between sleep states. 29. The method of claim 17 wherein the signature profile patterns are generated from comparison of signature profiles of plurality of subjects diagnosed with a pathological condition to signature profiles of a plurality of normal subjects when monitored during sleep periods. 30. A method of collection and analysis of treatment information can be used for assessment of treatment quality for an individual and improvement of treatment methods, comprising:
a. collecting one or more time-varying physiological or environmental signals associated with an individual; b. collecting medical treatment information for the individual including one or more of pharmacological treatments, surgical or non-surgical caregiver activity involving the individual, and qualitative assessments of an individual's well-being from caregivers, the individual or observers; c. developing a signature profile the of the signals and medical treatment information for each of a plurality of individuals and series of time periods; d. comparing the signature profiles to data indicating subsequent individual outcomes, disease states or conditions; and e. calculating a quality measure of an individual's care indicating the efficacy or lack thereof of medical treatments identified in the medical treatment information. | 3,700 |
349,186 | 16,806,763 | 3,723 | A robot wrist structure includes: a case, a first motor, a second motor, a first transmission mechanism, a second transmission mechanism, a first driving bevel gear, a second driving bevel gear, a driven bevel gear, a retaining fame, and an output connecting member; wherein the first motor and the second motor are mounted on the case, the first driving bevel gear, the second driving bevel gear and the driven bevel gear are respectively rotatably mounted in the retaining frame, the first driving bevel gear and the second driving bevel gear are both in mesh with the driven bevel gear, the first motor is connected to the first driving bevel gear by the first transmission mechanism, the second motor is connected to the second driving bevel gear by the second transmission mechanism, and the output connecting member is fixedly connected to the driven bevel gear. | 1. A robot wrist structure, comprising a case, a first motor, a second motor, a first transmission mechanism, a second transmission mechanism, a first driving bevel gear, a second driving bevel gear, a driven bevel gear, a retaining fame, and an output connecting member; wherein the first motor and the second motor are mounted on the case, the first driving bevel gear, the second driving bevel gear and the driven bevel gear are respectively rotatably mounted in the retaining frame, an axis of the first driving bevel gear is collinear with an axis of the second driving bevel gear and perpendicularly intersects an axis of the driven bevel gear, the first driving bevel gear and the second driving bevel gear are both in mesh with the driven bevel gear, the first motor is connected to the first driving bevel gear by the first transmission mechanism, the second motor is connected to the second driving bevel gear by the second transmission mechanism, and the output connecting member is fixedly connected to the driven bevel gear. 2. The robot wrist structure according to claim 1, wherein the output connecting member is a U-shaped fork structure, and the output connecting member comprises a first middle portion, and a first fork branch and a second fork branch that extend parallelly from both ends of the first middle portion and are oppositely disposed; wherein the retaining frame is disposed between the first fork branch and the second fork branch, the first fork branch is fixedly connected to the driven bevel gear, and the second fork branch is rotatably connected to the retaining frame. 3. The robot wrist structure according to claim 2, further comprising a rotation shaft; wherein the rotation shaft is rotatably mounted on the retaining frame, an axis of the rotation shaft is collinear with the axis of the driven bevel gear, and the second fork branch is fixedly connected to the rotation shaft. 4. The robot wrist structure according to claim 3, wherein the retaining frame is in a shape of hexahedron, a first mounting chamber that is inwardly recessed is defined on a left side face of the retaining fame, a second mounting chamber that is inwardly recessed is defined on a right side face of the retaining frame, a third mounting chamber that is inwardly recessed is defined on a front side face of the retaining frame, and a fourth mounting chamber that is inwardly recessed is defined on a rear side face of the retaining frame; wherein the first driving bevel gear is disposed in the first mounting chamber, the second driving bevel gear is disposed in the second mounting chamber, the driven bevel gear is disposed in the third mounting chamber, and the rotation shaft is disposed in the fourth mounting chamber. 5. The robot wrist structure according to claim 1, wherein each of the driving bevel gears, comprises an inner end portion which is proximal to a center of the retaining frame, an outer end portion which is distal from the center of the retaining frame, and a gear portion which is disposed between the inner end portion and the outer end portion; wherein a diameter of the inner end portion is less than a diameter of the outer end portion, the inner end portion is mounted on the retaining frame by a first bearing, and the outer end portion is mounted on the case by a second bearing. 6. The robot wrist structure according to claim 1, wherein the driven bevel gear comprises an inner end which is proximal to a center of the retaining frame, an outer end which is distal from the center of the retaining frame, and a second middle portion which is disposed between the inner end and the outer end; wherein gears are defined on the second middle portion, a diameter of the inner end is less than a diameter of the outer end, the inner end is mounted on the retaining frame by a third bearing, and the outer end is mounted on the retaining frame by a fourth bearing. 7. The robot wrist structure according to claim 1, wherein the first transmission mechanism and the second transmission mechanism have the same structure, and each of the transmission mechanisms comprises a gear transmission mechanism and a belt transmission mechanism, wherein the motor, is configured to drive, by the gear transmission mechanism and the belt transmission mechanism in sequence, the driving bevel gear, to rotate. 8. The robot wrist structure according to claim 7, wherein the gear transmission mechanism comprises a driving gear, a dual gear, a transmission gear, a first planetary gear system, and a second planetary gear system; wherein the first planetary gear system comprises a first sun gear, a first planetary gear, a first planetary carrier, and a first ring gear, the second planetary gear system comprises a second sun gear, a second planetary gear, a second planetary carrier, and a second ring gear, the belt transmission mechanism comprises an input pulley, an output pulley, and a transmission belt which is disposed around on the input pulley and the output pulley, the driving gear is connected to an output shaft of the motor, the dual gear is rotatably mounted in the case, the driving gear is in mesh with a small gear portion of the dual gear, a larger gear portion of the dual gear is in mesh with the transmission gear, the transmission gear is connected to the first sun gear, the first ring gear and the second ring gear are fixed in the case, the first planetary carrier and the second sun gear are fixedly connected or integrally formed, the second planetary carrier is connected to the input pulley, and the output pulley is connected to the driving bevel gear. 9. The robot wrist structure according to any one of claim 1, wherein the case is a fork structure, and comprises a main body, and a first strut and a second strut that extend parallelly from both sides of the main body and are oppositely disposed; wherein the main body comprises a first halve and a second halve, the first halve and the second halve cooperatively defining a chamber for accommodating the first motor, the second motor, the first transmission mechanism and the second transmission mechanism, wherein the first strut is connected to the first halve, the second strut is connected to the second halve, the first driving bevel gear is rotatably mounted on the first strut, and the second driving bevel gear is rotatably mounted on the second strut. 10. A robot, comprising the robot wrist structure as defined in claim 1. | A robot wrist structure includes: a case, a first motor, a second motor, a first transmission mechanism, a second transmission mechanism, a first driving bevel gear, a second driving bevel gear, a driven bevel gear, a retaining fame, and an output connecting member; wherein the first motor and the second motor are mounted on the case, the first driving bevel gear, the second driving bevel gear and the driven bevel gear are respectively rotatably mounted in the retaining frame, the first driving bevel gear and the second driving bevel gear are both in mesh with the driven bevel gear, the first motor is connected to the first driving bevel gear by the first transmission mechanism, the second motor is connected to the second driving bevel gear by the second transmission mechanism, and the output connecting member is fixedly connected to the driven bevel gear.1. A robot wrist structure, comprising a case, a first motor, a second motor, a first transmission mechanism, a second transmission mechanism, a first driving bevel gear, a second driving bevel gear, a driven bevel gear, a retaining fame, and an output connecting member; wherein the first motor and the second motor are mounted on the case, the first driving bevel gear, the second driving bevel gear and the driven bevel gear are respectively rotatably mounted in the retaining frame, an axis of the first driving bevel gear is collinear with an axis of the second driving bevel gear and perpendicularly intersects an axis of the driven bevel gear, the first driving bevel gear and the second driving bevel gear are both in mesh with the driven bevel gear, the first motor is connected to the first driving bevel gear by the first transmission mechanism, the second motor is connected to the second driving bevel gear by the second transmission mechanism, and the output connecting member is fixedly connected to the driven bevel gear. 2. The robot wrist structure according to claim 1, wherein the output connecting member is a U-shaped fork structure, and the output connecting member comprises a first middle portion, and a first fork branch and a second fork branch that extend parallelly from both ends of the first middle portion and are oppositely disposed; wherein the retaining frame is disposed between the first fork branch and the second fork branch, the first fork branch is fixedly connected to the driven bevel gear, and the second fork branch is rotatably connected to the retaining frame. 3. The robot wrist structure according to claim 2, further comprising a rotation shaft; wherein the rotation shaft is rotatably mounted on the retaining frame, an axis of the rotation shaft is collinear with the axis of the driven bevel gear, and the second fork branch is fixedly connected to the rotation shaft. 4. The robot wrist structure according to claim 3, wherein the retaining frame is in a shape of hexahedron, a first mounting chamber that is inwardly recessed is defined on a left side face of the retaining fame, a second mounting chamber that is inwardly recessed is defined on a right side face of the retaining frame, a third mounting chamber that is inwardly recessed is defined on a front side face of the retaining frame, and a fourth mounting chamber that is inwardly recessed is defined on a rear side face of the retaining frame; wherein the first driving bevel gear is disposed in the first mounting chamber, the second driving bevel gear is disposed in the second mounting chamber, the driven bevel gear is disposed in the third mounting chamber, and the rotation shaft is disposed in the fourth mounting chamber. 5. The robot wrist structure according to claim 1, wherein each of the driving bevel gears, comprises an inner end portion which is proximal to a center of the retaining frame, an outer end portion which is distal from the center of the retaining frame, and a gear portion which is disposed between the inner end portion and the outer end portion; wherein a diameter of the inner end portion is less than a diameter of the outer end portion, the inner end portion is mounted on the retaining frame by a first bearing, and the outer end portion is mounted on the case by a second bearing. 6. The robot wrist structure according to claim 1, wherein the driven bevel gear comprises an inner end which is proximal to a center of the retaining frame, an outer end which is distal from the center of the retaining frame, and a second middle portion which is disposed between the inner end and the outer end; wherein gears are defined on the second middle portion, a diameter of the inner end is less than a diameter of the outer end, the inner end is mounted on the retaining frame by a third bearing, and the outer end is mounted on the retaining frame by a fourth bearing. 7. The robot wrist structure according to claim 1, wherein the first transmission mechanism and the second transmission mechanism have the same structure, and each of the transmission mechanisms comprises a gear transmission mechanism and a belt transmission mechanism, wherein the motor, is configured to drive, by the gear transmission mechanism and the belt transmission mechanism in sequence, the driving bevel gear, to rotate. 8. The robot wrist structure according to claim 7, wherein the gear transmission mechanism comprises a driving gear, a dual gear, a transmission gear, a first planetary gear system, and a second planetary gear system; wherein the first planetary gear system comprises a first sun gear, a first planetary gear, a first planetary carrier, and a first ring gear, the second planetary gear system comprises a second sun gear, a second planetary gear, a second planetary carrier, and a second ring gear, the belt transmission mechanism comprises an input pulley, an output pulley, and a transmission belt which is disposed around on the input pulley and the output pulley, the driving gear is connected to an output shaft of the motor, the dual gear is rotatably mounted in the case, the driving gear is in mesh with a small gear portion of the dual gear, a larger gear portion of the dual gear is in mesh with the transmission gear, the transmission gear is connected to the first sun gear, the first ring gear and the second ring gear are fixed in the case, the first planetary carrier and the second sun gear are fixedly connected or integrally formed, the second planetary carrier is connected to the input pulley, and the output pulley is connected to the driving bevel gear. 9. The robot wrist structure according to any one of claim 1, wherein the case is a fork structure, and comprises a main body, and a first strut and a second strut that extend parallelly from both sides of the main body and are oppositely disposed; wherein the main body comprises a first halve and a second halve, the first halve and the second halve cooperatively defining a chamber for accommodating the first motor, the second motor, the first transmission mechanism and the second transmission mechanism, wherein the first strut is connected to the first halve, the second strut is connected to the second halve, the first driving bevel gear is rotatably mounted on the first strut, and the second driving bevel gear is rotatably mounted on the second strut. 10. A robot, comprising the robot wrist structure as defined in claim 1. | 3,700 |
349,187 | 16,806,720 | 3,723 | Disclosed in some examples are systems, methods, memory devices, and machine readable mediums for a fast secure data destruction for NAND memory devices that renders data in a memory cell unreadable. Instead of going through all the erase phases, the memory device may remove sensitive data by performing only the pre-programming phase of the erase process. Thus, the NAND doesn't perform the second and third phases of the erase process. This is much faster and results in data that cannot be reconstructed. In some examples, because the erase pulse is not actually applied and because this is simply a programming operation, data may be rendered unreadable at a per-page level rather than a per-block level as in traditional erases. | 1. A memory device comprising:
a memory array; a memory controller configured to perform operations comprising: determining that a first particular page of the memory array is indicated as having a priority over a second particular page of the memory device, the first particular page being in a first block and the second particular page being in a second block; initiating a garbage collection operation; and responsive to initiating a garbage collection operation, garbage collecting the first block prior to beginning garbage collection of the second block. 2. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise initiating the garbage collection operation responsive to receiving a purge command. 3. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the operations of determining that the first particular page of the memory array is indicated as having the priority comprises identifying that the first particular page of the memory array has the priority based upon a message received from a host device. 4. The memory device of claim 3, wherein the message is a purge command. 5. The memory device of claim 3, wherein the message is a previously received write command writing data to the first block. 6. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the garbage collection operation ends after a specified time period. 7. The memory device of claim 6, wherein the operations further comprise
responsive to garbage collecting the first and second blocks, determining that the specified time period has not yet expired; and responsive to determining that the specified time period has not yet expired, garbage collecting a third block if the specified time period has not elapsed. 8. A method comprising:
determining that a first particular page of a memory array of a memory device is indicated as having a priority over a second particular page of the memory device, the first particular page being in a first block and the second particular page being in a second block; initiating a garbage collection operation; and responsive to initiating a garbage collection operation, garbage collecting the first block prior to beginning garbage collection of the second block. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises initiating the garbage collection operation responsive to receiving a purge command. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein determining that the first particular page of the memory array is indicated as having the priority comprises identifying that the first particular page of the memory array has the priority based upon a message received from a host device. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the message is a purge command. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the message is a previously received write command writing data to the first block. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the garbage collection operation ends after a specified time period. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising
responsive to garbage collecting the first and second blocks, determining that the specified time period has not yet expired; and responsive to determining that the specified time period has not yet expired, garbage collecting a third block if the specified time period has not elapsed. 15. A non-transitory machine-readable medium, storing instructions, which
when executed by a machine, causes the machine to perform operations comprising: determining that a first particular page of the memory array is indicated as having a priority over a second particular page of the memory device, the first particular page being in a first block and the second particular page being in a second block; initiating a garbage collection operation; and responsive to initiating a garbage collection operation, garbage collecting the first block prior to beginning garbage collection of the second block. 16. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise initiating the garbage collection operation responsive to receiving a purge command. 17. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the operations of determining that the first particular page of the memory array is indicated as having the priority comprises identifying that the first particular page of the memory array has the priority based upon a message received from a host device. 18. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the message is a purge command. 19. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the message is a previously received write command writing data to the first block. 20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the garbage collection operation ends after a specified time period. | Disclosed in some examples are systems, methods, memory devices, and machine readable mediums for a fast secure data destruction for NAND memory devices that renders data in a memory cell unreadable. Instead of going through all the erase phases, the memory device may remove sensitive data by performing only the pre-programming phase of the erase process. Thus, the NAND doesn't perform the second and third phases of the erase process. This is much faster and results in data that cannot be reconstructed. In some examples, because the erase pulse is not actually applied and because this is simply a programming operation, data may be rendered unreadable at a per-page level rather than a per-block level as in traditional erases.1. A memory device comprising:
a memory array; a memory controller configured to perform operations comprising: determining that a first particular page of the memory array is indicated as having a priority over a second particular page of the memory device, the first particular page being in a first block and the second particular page being in a second block; initiating a garbage collection operation; and responsive to initiating a garbage collection operation, garbage collecting the first block prior to beginning garbage collection of the second block. 2. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise initiating the garbage collection operation responsive to receiving a purge command. 3. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the operations of determining that the first particular page of the memory array is indicated as having the priority comprises identifying that the first particular page of the memory array has the priority based upon a message received from a host device. 4. The memory device of claim 3, wherein the message is a purge command. 5. The memory device of claim 3, wherein the message is a previously received write command writing data to the first block. 6. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the garbage collection operation ends after a specified time period. 7. The memory device of claim 6, wherein the operations further comprise
responsive to garbage collecting the first and second blocks, determining that the specified time period has not yet expired; and responsive to determining that the specified time period has not yet expired, garbage collecting a third block if the specified time period has not elapsed. 8. A method comprising:
determining that a first particular page of a memory array of a memory device is indicated as having a priority over a second particular page of the memory device, the first particular page being in a first block and the second particular page being in a second block; initiating a garbage collection operation; and responsive to initiating a garbage collection operation, garbage collecting the first block prior to beginning garbage collection of the second block. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises initiating the garbage collection operation responsive to receiving a purge command. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein determining that the first particular page of the memory array is indicated as having the priority comprises identifying that the first particular page of the memory array has the priority based upon a message received from a host device. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the message is a purge command. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the message is a previously received write command writing data to the first block. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the garbage collection operation ends after a specified time period. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising
responsive to garbage collecting the first and second blocks, determining that the specified time period has not yet expired; and responsive to determining that the specified time period has not yet expired, garbage collecting a third block if the specified time period has not elapsed. 15. A non-transitory machine-readable medium, storing instructions, which
when executed by a machine, causes the machine to perform operations comprising: determining that a first particular page of the memory array is indicated as having a priority over a second particular page of the memory device, the first particular page being in a first block and the second particular page being in a second block; initiating a garbage collection operation; and responsive to initiating a garbage collection operation, garbage collecting the first block prior to beginning garbage collection of the second block. 16. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise initiating the garbage collection operation responsive to receiving a purge command. 17. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the operations of determining that the first particular page of the memory array is indicated as having the priority comprises identifying that the first particular page of the memory array has the priority based upon a message received from a host device. 18. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the message is a purge command. 19. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the message is a previously received write command writing data to the first block. 20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the garbage collection operation ends after a specified time period. | 3,700 |
349,188 | 16,806,768 | 3,723 | A control method of an air conditioner includes detecting an indoor ambient temperature value under a rapid cooling operation mode, judging whether the indoor ambient temperature value is greater than a preset temperature value, and in response to the indoor ambient temperature value being greater than the present temperature value, determining an operation temperature interval including the indoor ambient temperature value, determining a rapid cooling rotating speed value of an indoor fan of the air conditioner corresponding to the operation temperature interval, and controlling the indoor fan to operate according to the rapid cooling rotating speed value. The rapid cooling rotating speed value is greater than a highest preset rotating speed value of the indoor fan. | 1. A control method of an air conditioner comprising:
detecting an indoor ambient temperature value under a rapid cooling operation mode; judging whether the indoor ambient temperature value is greater than a preset temperature value; and in response to the indoor ambient temperature value being greater than the present temperature value:
determining an operation temperature interval including the indoor ambient temperature value;
determining a rapid cooling rotating speed value of an indoor fan of the air conditioner corresponding to the operation temperature interval, the rapid cooling rotating speed value being greater than a highest preset rotating speed value of the indoor fan; and
controlling the indoor fan to operate according to the rapid cooling rotating speed value. 2. The control method according to claim 1, further comprising, before detecting the current indoor ambient temperature value under the rapid cooling operation mode:
dividing temperature values greater than the preset temperature value into a plurality of temperature intervals, each of the plurality of temperature intervals corresponding to one rapid cooling rotating speed value; wherein the operation temperature interval is one of the plurality of temperature intervals. 3. The control method according to claim 2, wherein each of the plurality of temperature intervals corresponds to a calculation formula for the corresponding rapid cooling rotating speed value. 4. The control method according to claim 3, wherein the rapid cooling rotating speed value increases as the indoor ambient temperature value increases. 5. The control method according to claim 2, further comprising:
acquiring a limit rotating speed value of the indoor fan; and setting the limit rotating speed value as the rapid cooling rotating speed value corresponding to one of the plurality of temperature intervals with highest temperatures. 6. The control method according to claim 5, wherein the limit rotating speed value is determined according to a parameter set by the user. 7. The control method according to claim 2, wherein determining the rapid cooling rotating speed value corresponding to the operation temperature interval includes:
acquiring a number M of temperature intervals between an upper limit value of the operation temperature interval and the preset temperature value, M being a positive integer; and determining the rapid cooling rotating speed value corresponding to the operation temperature interval according to the number M and the highest preset rotating speed value. 8. The control method according to claim 7, further comprising:
acquiring a limit rotating speed value of the indoor fan; and setting the limit rotating speed value as the rapid cooling rotating speed value corresponding to one of the plurality of temperature intervals with highest temperatures; wherein determining the rapid cooling rotating speed value corresponding to the operation temperature interval according to the number M and the highest preset rotating speed value includes determining the rapid cooling rotating speed value corresponding to the operation temperature interval according to the number M, the highest preset rotating speed value, and the limit rotating speed value. 9. The control method according to claim 8, wherein a difference between the rapid cooling rotating speed value corresponding to the operation temperature interval and the highest preset rotating speed value increases with increasing the number M. 10. The control method according to claim 9, wherein the rapid cooling rotating speed value corresponding to the operation temperature interval increases in accordance with a proportional relationship as the indoor ambient temperature value increases. 11. The control method according to claim 7, further comprising:
detecting an operation time of the indoor fan under the rapid cooling operation mode; and controlling the air conditioner to exit the rapid cooling operation mode in response to the operation time being longer than a preset time. 12. The control method according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of temperature intervals are determined according to a setting parameter from a user. 13. The control method according to claim 1, further comprising:
detecting an operation time of the indoor fan under the rapid cooling operation mode; and controlling the air conditioner to exit the rapid cooling operation mode in response to the operation time being longer than a preset time. 14. A control device of an air conditioner comprising:
a processor; and a memory storing a computer program that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to:
detect an indoor ambient temperature value under a rapid cooling operation mode;
judge whether the indoor ambient temperature value is greater than a preset temperature value; and
in response to the indoor ambient temperature value being greater than the present temperature value:
determine an operation temperature interval including the indoor ambient temperature value;
determine a rapid cooling rotating speed value of an indoor fan of the air conditioner corresponding to the operation temperature interval, the rapid cooling rotating speed value being greater than a highest preset rotating speed value of the indoor fan; and
control the indoor fan to operate according to the rapid cooling rotating speed value. 15. An air conditioner comprising:
the control device according to claim 15; and the indoor fan. 16. A computer-readable storage medium storing a control program of an air conditioner that, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to:
detect an indoor ambient temperature value under a rapid cooling operation mode; judge whether the indoor ambient temperature value is greater than a preset temperature value; and in response to the indoor ambient temperature value being greater than the present temperature value:
determine an operation temperature interval including the indoor ambient temperature value;
determine a rapid cooling rotating speed value of an indoor fan of the air conditioner corresponding to the operation temperature interval, the rapid cooling rotating speed value being greater than a highest preset rotating speed value of the indoor fan; and
control the indoor fan to operate according to the rapid cooling rotating speed value. | A control method of an air conditioner includes detecting an indoor ambient temperature value under a rapid cooling operation mode, judging whether the indoor ambient temperature value is greater than a preset temperature value, and in response to the indoor ambient temperature value being greater than the present temperature value, determining an operation temperature interval including the indoor ambient temperature value, determining a rapid cooling rotating speed value of an indoor fan of the air conditioner corresponding to the operation temperature interval, and controlling the indoor fan to operate according to the rapid cooling rotating speed value. The rapid cooling rotating speed value is greater than a highest preset rotating speed value of the indoor fan.1. A control method of an air conditioner comprising:
detecting an indoor ambient temperature value under a rapid cooling operation mode; judging whether the indoor ambient temperature value is greater than a preset temperature value; and in response to the indoor ambient temperature value being greater than the present temperature value:
determining an operation temperature interval including the indoor ambient temperature value;
determining a rapid cooling rotating speed value of an indoor fan of the air conditioner corresponding to the operation temperature interval, the rapid cooling rotating speed value being greater than a highest preset rotating speed value of the indoor fan; and
controlling the indoor fan to operate according to the rapid cooling rotating speed value. 2. The control method according to claim 1, further comprising, before detecting the current indoor ambient temperature value under the rapid cooling operation mode:
dividing temperature values greater than the preset temperature value into a plurality of temperature intervals, each of the plurality of temperature intervals corresponding to one rapid cooling rotating speed value; wherein the operation temperature interval is one of the plurality of temperature intervals. 3. The control method according to claim 2, wherein each of the plurality of temperature intervals corresponds to a calculation formula for the corresponding rapid cooling rotating speed value. 4. The control method according to claim 3, wherein the rapid cooling rotating speed value increases as the indoor ambient temperature value increases. 5. The control method according to claim 2, further comprising:
acquiring a limit rotating speed value of the indoor fan; and setting the limit rotating speed value as the rapid cooling rotating speed value corresponding to one of the plurality of temperature intervals with highest temperatures. 6. The control method according to claim 5, wherein the limit rotating speed value is determined according to a parameter set by the user. 7. The control method according to claim 2, wherein determining the rapid cooling rotating speed value corresponding to the operation temperature interval includes:
acquiring a number M of temperature intervals between an upper limit value of the operation temperature interval and the preset temperature value, M being a positive integer; and determining the rapid cooling rotating speed value corresponding to the operation temperature interval according to the number M and the highest preset rotating speed value. 8. The control method according to claim 7, further comprising:
acquiring a limit rotating speed value of the indoor fan; and setting the limit rotating speed value as the rapid cooling rotating speed value corresponding to one of the plurality of temperature intervals with highest temperatures; wherein determining the rapid cooling rotating speed value corresponding to the operation temperature interval according to the number M and the highest preset rotating speed value includes determining the rapid cooling rotating speed value corresponding to the operation temperature interval according to the number M, the highest preset rotating speed value, and the limit rotating speed value. 9. The control method according to claim 8, wherein a difference between the rapid cooling rotating speed value corresponding to the operation temperature interval and the highest preset rotating speed value increases with increasing the number M. 10. The control method according to claim 9, wherein the rapid cooling rotating speed value corresponding to the operation temperature interval increases in accordance with a proportional relationship as the indoor ambient temperature value increases. 11. The control method according to claim 7, further comprising:
detecting an operation time of the indoor fan under the rapid cooling operation mode; and controlling the air conditioner to exit the rapid cooling operation mode in response to the operation time being longer than a preset time. 12. The control method according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of temperature intervals are determined according to a setting parameter from a user. 13. The control method according to claim 1, further comprising:
detecting an operation time of the indoor fan under the rapid cooling operation mode; and controlling the air conditioner to exit the rapid cooling operation mode in response to the operation time being longer than a preset time. 14. A control device of an air conditioner comprising:
a processor; and a memory storing a computer program that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to:
detect an indoor ambient temperature value under a rapid cooling operation mode;
judge whether the indoor ambient temperature value is greater than a preset temperature value; and
in response to the indoor ambient temperature value being greater than the present temperature value:
determine an operation temperature interval including the indoor ambient temperature value;
determine a rapid cooling rotating speed value of an indoor fan of the air conditioner corresponding to the operation temperature interval, the rapid cooling rotating speed value being greater than a highest preset rotating speed value of the indoor fan; and
control the indoor fan to operate according to the rapid cooling rotating speed value. 15. An air conditioner comprising:
the control device according to claim 15; and the indoor fan. 16. A computer-readable storage medium storing a control program of an air conditioner that, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to:
detect an indoor ambient temperature value under a rapid cooling operation mode; judge whether the indoor ambient temperature value is greater than a preset temperature value; and in response to the indoor ambient temperature value being greater than the present temperature value:
determine an operation temperature interval including the indoor ambient temperature value;
determine a rapid cooling rotating speed value of an indoor fan of the air conditioner corresponding to the operation temperature interval, the rapid cooling rotating speed value being greater than a highest preset rotating speed value of the indoor fan; and
control the indoor fan to operate according to the rapid cooling rotating speed value. | 3,700 |
349,189 | 16,806,771 | 3,723 | Some embodiments provide a method of identifying packet latency in a software defined datacenter (SDDC) that includes a network, several host computers executing several machines, and a set of one or more controllers. At the set of controllers, the method o receives, from a set of host computers, (i) a first set of time values associated with multiple packet processing operations performed on packets sent by a set of machines executing on the set of host computers and (ii) a second set of time values associated with packet transmission between host computers through the SDDC network. The method processes the first and second sets of time values to identify a set of latencies experienced by multiple packets processed and transmitted in the SDDC. | 1. A method of identifying packet latency in a software defined datacenter (SDDC) comprising a network, a plurality of host computers executing a plurality of machines, and a set of one or more controllers, the method comprising:
at the set of controllers:
receiving, from a set of host computers, a first plurality of time values associated with a plurality of packet processing operations performed on packets sent by a set of machines executing on the set of host computer;
receiving, from the set of host computers, a second plurality of time values associated with packet transmission between host computers through the SDDC network; and
processing the first and second plurality of time values to identify a plurality of latencies experienced by each of a plurality of packets processed and transmitted in the SDDC. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising for a particular flow, aggregating each of a plurality of latencies identified for a plurality of packet processing operations performed on the flow at the first host computer in order to compute a plurality of average latencies for the plurality of packet processing operations. 3. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
receiving, from a first host computer, an average latency for the particular flow; and
calculating a subsequent average latency using the received average latency and a stored average latency for the flow. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the stored average latency comprises an average of at least two prior averages received from the first host computer for the particular flow. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein for each flow, the first plurality of time values comprises (i) a first set of time values collected at a source host computer executing a source machine of the flow and (ii) a second set of time values collected at a destination host computer executing a destination machine of the flow, the method further comprising:
associating the first and second sets of time values for each flow to identify packet processing latencies associated with a flow at source and destination host computers. 6. The method of claim 5 further comprising storing a parameter for each flow for associating the first and second sets of time values collected for a flow. 7. The method of claim 5 further comprising identifying, for each flow, packet transmission time values from a set of one or more time values in the second plurality of time values. 8. The method of claim 7 further comprising creating, for each flow, an association between the first and second sets of time values of the first plurality of time values and the identified packet transmission time values of the second plurality of time values. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the identified packet transmission time values are time values representing transmission times for bi-directional forwarding detection (BFD) packets. 10. The method of claim 1 further comprising storing the identified plurality of latencies to provide in reports that are responsive to queries relating to latencies experienced by a subset of packet flows. 11. The method of claim 6, wherein storing a parameter for each flow further comprises storing a flow identifier for each flow for associating the first and second sets of time values collected for a flow. 12. A non-transitory machine readable medium storing a program which when executed by a set of processing units of a controller identifies packet latency in a software defined datacenter (SDDC), the SDDC comprising a network, a plurality of host computers executing a plurality of machines, and at least one controller, the program comprising sets of instructions for:
receiving, from a set of host computers, a first plurality of time values associated with a plurality of packet processing operations performed on packets sent by a set of machines executing on the set of host computer; receiving, from the set of host computers, a second plurality of time values associated with packet transmission between host computers through the SDDC network; and processing the first and second plurality of time values to identify a plurality of latencies experienced by each of a plurality of packets processed and transmitted in the SDDC. 13. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 12, wherein for a particular flow, the program further comprises a set of instructions for aggregating each of a plurality of latencies identified for a plurality of packet processing operations performed on the flow at the first host computer in order to compute a plurality of average latencies for the plurality of packet processing operations. 14. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 13, wherein the program further comprises sets of instructions for:
receiving, from a first host computer, an average latency for the particular flow; and calculating a subsequent average latency using the received average latency and a stored average latency for the flow. 15. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 14, wherein the stored average latency comprises an average of at least two prior averages received from the first host computer for the particular flow. 16. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 12, wherein for each flow, the first plurality of time values comprises (i) a first set of time values collected at a source host computer executing a source machine of the flow and (ii) a second set of time values collected at a destination host computer executing a destination machine of the flow, the program further comprising a set of instructions for:
associating the first and second sets of time values for each flow to identify packet processing latencies associated with a flow at source and destination host computers. 17. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 16, wherein the program further comprises a set of instructions for storing a parameter for each flow for associating the first and second sets of time values collected for a flow. 18. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 16, wherein the program further comprises a set of instructions for identifying, for each flow, packet transmission time values from a set of one or more time values in the second plurality of time values. 19. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 18, wherein the program further comprises a set of instructions for creating, for each flow, an association between the first and second sets of time values of the first plurality of time values and the identified packet transmission time values of the second plurality of time values. 20. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 18, wherein the identified packet transmission time values are time values representing transmission times for bi-directional forwarding detection (BFD) packets. 21. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 12, wherein the program further comprises a set of instructions for storing the identified plurality of latencies to provide in reports that are responsive to queries relating to latencies experienced by a subset of packet flows. 22. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 17, wherein the set of instructions for storing a parameter for each flow further comprises a set of instructions for storing a flow identifier for each flow for associating the first and second sets of time values collected for a flow. | Some embodiments provide a method of identifying packet latency in a software defined datacenter (SDDC) that includes a network, several host computers executing several machines, and a set of one or more controllers. At the set of controllers, the method o receives, from a set of host computers, (i) a first set of time values associated with multiple packet processing operations performed on packets sent by a set of machines executing on the set of host computers and (ii) a second set of time values associated with packet transmission between host computers through the SDDC network. The method processes the first and second sets of time values to identify a set of latencies experienced by multiple packets processed and transmitted in the SDDC.1. A method of identifying packet latency in a software defined datacenter (SDDC) comprising a network, a plurality of host computers executing a plurality of machines, and a set of one or more controllers, the method comprising:
at the set of controllers:
receiving, from a set of host computers, a first plurality of time values associated with a plurality of packet processing operations performed on packets sent by a set of machines executing on the set of host computer;
receiving, from the set of host computers, a second plurality of time values associated with packet transmission between host computers through the SDDC network; and
processing the first and second plurality of time values to identify a plurality of latencies experienced by each of a plurality of packets processed and transmitted in the SDDC. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising for a particular flow, aggregating each of a plurality of latencies identified for a plurality of packet processing operations performed on the flow at the first host computer in order to compute a plurality of average latencies for the plurality of packet processing operations. 3. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
receiving, from a first host computer, an average latency for the particular flow; and
calculating a subsequent average latency using the received average latency and a stored average latency for the flow. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the stored average latency comprises an average of at least two prior averages received from the first host computer for the particular flow. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein for each flow, the first plurality of time values comprises (i) a first set of time values collected at a source host computer executing a source machine of the flow and (ii) a second set of time values collected at a destination host computer executing a destination machine of the flow, the method further comprising:
associating the first and second sets of time values for each flow to identify packet processing latencies associated with a flow at source and destination host computers. 6. The method of claim 5 further comprising storing a parameter for each flow for associating the first and second sets of time values collected for a flow. 7. The method of claim 5 further comprising identifying, for each flow, packet transmission time values from a set of one or more time values in the second plurality of time values. 8. The method of claim 7 further comprising creating, for each flow, an association between the first and second sets of time values of the first plurality of time values and the identified packet transmission time values of the second plurality of time values. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the identified packet transmission time values are time values representing transmission times for bi-directional forwarding detection (BFD) packets. 10. The method of claim 1 further comprising storing the identified plurality of latencies to provide in reports that are responsive to queries relating to latencies experienced by a subset of packet flows. 11. The method of claim 6, wherein storing a parameter for each flow further comprises storing a flow identifier for each flow for associating the first and second sets of time values collected for a flow. 12. A non-transitory machine readable medium storing a program which when executed by a set of processing units of a controller identifies packet latency in a software defined datacenter (SDDC), the SDDC comprising a network, a plurality of host computers executing a plurality of machines, and at least one controller, the program comprising sets of instructions for:
receiving, from a set of host computers, a first plurality of time values associated with a plurality of packet processing operations performed on packets sent by a set of machines executing on the set of host computer; receiving, from the set of host computers, a second plurality of time values associated with packet transmission between host computers through the SDDC network; and processing the first and second plurality of time values to identify a plurality of latencies experienced by each of a plurality of packets processed and transmitted in the SDDC. 13. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 12, wherein for a particular flow, the program further comprises a set of instructions for aggregating each of a plurality of latencies identified for a plurality of packet processing operations performed on the flow at the first host computer in order to compute a plurality of average latencies for the plurality of packet processing operations. 14. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 13, wherein the program further comprises sets of instructions for:
receiving, from a first host computer, an average latency for the particular flow; and calculating a subsequent average latency using the received average latency and a stored average latency for the flow. 15. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 14, wherein the stored average latency comprises an average of at least two prior averages received from the first host computer for the particular flow. 16. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 12, wherein for each flow, the first plurality of time values comprises (i) a first set of time values collected at a source host computer executing a source machine of the flow and (ii) a second set of time values collected at a destination host computer executing a destination machine of the flow, the program further comprising a set of instructions for:
associating the first and second sets of time values for each flow to identify packet processing latencies associated with a flow at source and destination host computers. 17. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 16, wherein the program further comprises a set of instructions for storing a parameter for each flow for associating the first and second sets of time values collected for a flow. 18. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 16, wherein the program further comprises a set of instructions for identifying, for each flow, packet transmission time values from a set of one or more time values in the second plurality of time values. 19. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 18, wherein the program further comprises a set of instructions for creating, for each flow, an association between the first and second sets of time values of the first plurality of time values and the identified packet transmission time values of the second plurality of time values. 20. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 18, wherein the identified packet transmission time values are time values representing transmission times for bi-directional forwarding detection (BFD) packets. 21. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 12, wherein the program further comprises a set of instructions for storing the identified plurality of latencies to provide in reports that are responsive to queries relating to latencies experienced by a subset of packet flows. 22. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 17, wherein the set of instructions for storing a parameter for each flow further comprises a set of instructions for storing a flow identifier for each flow for associating the first and second sets of time values collected for a flow. | 3,700 |
349,190 | 16,806,754 | 2,867 | A process and system for testing includes: arranging devices in a temperature-controlled environment; applying a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the devices; applying a drain voltage (Vds) to the devices; measuring currents and/or voltages of the devices to generate device test data; determining a failure of one or more of the devices based on the device test data generated from the device currents and/or the voltages to generate failure data; and outputting the failure data for the of devices. | 1. A process for testing semiconductor power devices comprising:
arranging an N number of devices in a temperature-controlled environment such that a temperature of the N number of devices is near one of the following: a maximum temperature rated for the N number of devices and a minimum temperature rated for the N number of devices; applying with at least one testing device a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices; applying with the at least one testing device a drain voltage (Vds) to the N number of devices; measuring with the at least one testing device currents and/or device voltages of the N number of devices to generate device test data; determining with the at least one testing device a failure of one or more of the N number of devices based on the device test data generated from the device currents and/or the device voltages that are measured by the at least one testing device to generate failure data; and outputting with the at least one testing device the failure data for the N number of devices. 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein the applying a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices comprises applying one or more different negative gate bias voltages (Vgs) to the N number of devices. 5. (canceled) 6. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein the applying with the at least one testing device a drain voltage (Vds) to the N number of devices comprises applying one or more different drain voltage (Vds) voltages to the N number of devices. 7. (canceled) 8. (canceled) 9. (canceled) 10. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein the measuring with the at least one testing device currents and/or voltages of the N number of devices to generate device test data comprises measuring a current on a drain of each of the N number of devices to determine a device failure. 11. The process for testing according to claim 1 further comprising:
monitoring a testing time of the N number of devices; and
capturing the testing time for a particular one of the N number of devices that indicates a device failure along with an identification of the particular failed one of the N number of devices and applied values of the negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) and the drain voltage (Vds). 12. The process for testing according to claim 1 further comprising:
calibrating fields of the N number of devices to determine an effective drain bias; and
extrapolating values of the negative gate bias voltage (Vgs), the drain voltage (Vds), and/or a testing time to determine a lifetime prediction of the N number of devices. 13. The process for testing according to claim 1 further comprising determining a mean time to failure (MTTF) of each of the N number of devices based on values of the negative gate bias voltage (Vgs), the drain voltage (Vds), and/or a testing time. 14. (canceled) 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein a test time is reduced by 30% to 80% based in part on an application of a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices. 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. (canceled) 21. (canceled) 22. (canceled) 23. (canceled) 24. (canceled) 25. A system for testing semiconductor power devices comprising:
a temperature-controlled environment configured to hold an N number of devices and maintain a temperature of the N number of devices near one of the following: a maximum temperature rated for the N number of devices and a minimum temperature rated for the N number of devices; at least one testing device configured to apply a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices; the at least one testing device further configured to apply a drain voltage (Vds) to the N number of devices; the at least one testing device further configured to measure device currents and/or device voltages of the N number of devices to generate device test data; the at least one testing device further configured to determine a failure of one or more of the N number of devices based on the device test data generated from the device currents and/or the device voltages measured by the at least one testing device to generate failure data; and the at least one testing device further configured to output the failure data for the N number of devices. 26. (canceled) 27. (canceled) 28. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to apply one or more different negative gate bias voltages (Vgs) to the N number of devices. 29. (canceled) 30. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to apply one or more different drain voltage (Vds) voltages to the N number of devices. 31. (canceled) 32. (canceled) 33. (canceled) 34. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to measure a current on a drain of each of the N number of devices to determine a device failure. 35. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein:
the at least one testing device is configured to monitor a testing time of the N number of devices; and
the at least one testing device is configured to capture the testing time for a particular one of the N number of devices that indicates a device failure along with an identification of the particular failed one of the N number of devices and values of the negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) and the drain voltage (Vds). 36. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein:
the at least one testing device is configured to calibrate fields of the N number of devices to determine an effective drain bias; and
the at least one testing device is configured to extrapolate values of the negative gate bias voltage (Vgs), the drain voltage (Vds), and/or a testing time to determine a lifetime prediction of the N number of devices. 37. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to determine a mean time to failure (MTTF) of each of the N number of devices based on values of the negative gate bias voltage (Vgs), the drain voltage (Vds), and/or a testing time. 38. (canceled) 39. (canceled) 40. (canceled) 41. (canceled) 42. (canceled) 43. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to reduce a test time to be 2 times faster to 5 times faster based in part on an application of a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices. 44. (canceled) 45. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein a test time is less than 9000 hours to achieve a first predetermined confidence level of statistical failure data. 46. The system for testing according to claim 45 wherein a test time is less than 2000 hours to achieve a second predetermined confidence level of statistical failure data, wherein the first predetermined confidence level of statistical failure data is greater than the second predetermined confidence level of statistical failure data. 47. (canceled) 48. (canceled) 49. A process for testing semiconductor power devices comprising:
arranging an N number of devices in a temperature controlled environment such that a temperature of the N number of devices is near one of the following: a maximum temperature rated for the N number of devices and a minimum temperature rated for the N number of devices; measuring with at least one testing device currents and/or device voltages of the N number of devices to generate failure data; and outputting with the at least one testing device the failure data for the N number of devices, wherein a test time is reduced by 30% to 80% in comparison to a test time implemented by prior art test processes. 50. The process for testing according to claim 49 further comprising determining a mean time to failure (MTTF) of each of the N number of devices based on values of a gate bias voltage (Vgs), a drain voltage (Vds), and/or a testing time. 51. The process for testing according to claim 49 wherein a test time is less than 9000 hours to achieve a first predetermined confidence level of statistical failure data. 52. The process for testing according to claim 51 wherein a test time is less than 2000 hours to achieve a second predetermined confidence level of statistical failure data. 53. (canceled) 54. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein the arranging an N number of devices in a temperature-controlled environment comprises controlling a temperature of the N number of devices to be near a maximum temperature rated for the N number of devices. 55. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein the arranging an N number of devices in a temperature-controlled environment comprises controlling a temperature of the N number of devices to be near a minimum temperature rated for the N number of devices. 56. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein the applying a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices comprises applying a near maximum negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices. 57. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein the applying with the at least one testing device a drain voltage (Vds) to the N number of devices comprises applying a near maximum drain voltage (Vds) voltage to the N number of devices. 58. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein the measuring with the at least one testing device currents and/or voltages of the N number of devices to generate device test data comprises measuring at least one of the following: currents at a gate of the N number of devices, currents at a source of the N number of devices, currents at a drain, voltage at a gate of the N number of devices, voltage at a source of the N number of devices, and voltage at a drain of the N number of devices. 59. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein the measuring with the at least one testing device currents and/or voltages of the N number of devices to generate device test data comprises measuring a drain leakage on a drain of each of the N number of devices to determine a device failure. 60. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein the applying a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to each of the N number of devices generates fields in each of the N number of devices that are higher than possible for typical test conditions. 61. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein a test time is reduced by 30% to 80% in comparison to a test time implemented by prior art test processes. 62. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein a test time is reduced by 30% to 80% based in part on an application of a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices in comparison to a test time implemented by prior art test processes. 63. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein a test time is 2 times faster to 5 times faster in comparison to a test time implemented by prior art test processes. 64. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein a test time is 2 times faster to 5 times faster based in part on an application of a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices in comparison to a test time implemented by prior art test processes. 65. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein a test time is 2 times faster to 5 times faster based in part on an application of a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices. 66. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein a test time is less than 9000 hours to achieve a first predetermined confidence level of statistical failure data. 67. The process for testing according to claim 66 wherein a test time is less than 2000 hours to achieve a second predetermined confidence level of statistical failure data, wherein the first predetermined confidence level of statistical failure data is greater than the second predetermined confidence level of statistical failure data. 68. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein the applying a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices increases an electric field in regions of the N number of devices resulting in faster failure rates. 69. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein the arranging an N number of devices in a temperature-controlled environment isolates effects of a gate field and a semiconductor field to reveal a failure mechanism. 70. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the temperature-controlled environment is configured to maintain a temperature of the N number of devices to be near a maximum temperature rated for the N number of devices. 71. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the temperature-controlled environment is configured to maintain a temperature of the N number of devices to be near a minimum temperature rated for the N number of devices. 72. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to apply a near maximum negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices. 73. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to apply a near maximum drain voltage (Vds) voltage to the N number of devices. 74. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to measure at least one of the following: currents at a gate of the N number of devices, currents at a source of the N number of devices, currents at a drain, voltage at a gate of the N number of devices, voltage at a source of the N number of devices, and voltage at a drain of the N number of devices. 75. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to measure a drain leakage on a drain of each of the N number of devices to determine a device failure. 76. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to apply a negative voltage gate bias voltage (Vgs) to each of the N number of devices to generate fields in each of the N number of devices that are higher than possible for typical test conditions. 77. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to reduce a test time by 30% to 80% in comparison to a test time implemented by prior art test processes. 78. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to reduce a test time by 30% to 80% based in part on an application of a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices. 79. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to reduce a test time by 30% to 80% based in part on an application of a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices in comparison to a test time implemented by prior art test processes. 80. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to reduce a test time to be 2 times faster to 5 times faster in comparison to a test time implemented by prior art test processes. 81. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to reduce a test time to be 2 times faster to 5 times faster based in part on an application of a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices in comparison to a test time implemented by prior art test processes. 82. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to apply a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices to increase an electric field in regions of the N number of devices resulting in faster failure rates. 83. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured with the temperature-controlled environment to isolate effects of a gate field and a semiconductor field to reveal a failure mechanism. 84. The process for testing according to claim 49 wherein a test time is reduced by 30% to 80% based in part on an application of a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices in comparison to a test time implemented by prior art test processes. | A process and system for testing includes: arranging devices in a temperature-controlled environment; applying a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the devices; applying a drain voltage (Vds) to the devices; measuring currents and/or voltages of the devices to generate device test data; determining a failure of one or more of the devices based on the device test data generated from the device currents and/or the voltages to generate failure data; and outputting the failure data for the of devices.1. A process for testing semiconductor power devices comprising:
arranging an N number of devices in a temperature-controlled environment such that a temperature of the N number of devices is near one of the following: a maximum temperature rated for the N number of devices and a minimum temperature rated for the N number of devices; applying with at least one testing device a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices; applying with the at least one testing device a drain voltage (Vds) to the N number of devices; measuring with the at least one testing device currents and/or device voltages of the N number of devices to generate device test data; determining with the at least one testing device a failure of one or more of the N number of devices based on the device test data generated from the device currents and/or the device voltages that are measured by the at least one testing device to generate failure data; and outputting with the at least one testing device the failure data for the N number of devices. 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein the applying a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices comprises applying one or more different negative gate bias voltages (Vgs) to the N number of devices. 5. (canceled) 6. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein the applying with the at least one testing device a drain voltage (Vds) to the N number of devices comprises applying one or more different drain voltage (Vds) voltages to the N number of devices. 7. (canceled) 8. (canceled) 9. (canceled) 10. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein the measuring with the at least one testing device currents and/or voltages of the N number of devices to generate device test data comprises measuring a current on a drain of each of the N number of devices to determine a device failure. 11. The process for testing according to claim 1 further comprising:
monitoring a testing time of the N number of devices; and
capturing the testing time for a particular one of the N number of devices that indicates a device failure along with an identification of the particular failed one of the N number of devices and applied values of the negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) and the drain voltage (Vds). 12. The process for testing according to claim 1 further comprising:
calibrating fields of the N number of devices to determine an effective drain bias; and
extrapolating values of the negative gate bias voltage (Vgs), the drain voltage (Vds), and/or a testing time to determine a lifetime prediction of the N number of devices. 13. The process for testing according to claim 1 further comprising determining a mean time to failure (MTTF) of each of the N number of devices based on values of the negative gate bias voltage (Vgs), the drain voltage (Vds), and/or a testing time. 14. (canceled) 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein a test time is reduced by 30% to 80% based in part on an application of a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices. 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. (canceled) 21. (canceled) 22. (canceled) 23. (canceled) 24. (canceled) 25. A system for testing semiconductor power devices comprising:
a temperature-controlled environment configured to hold an N number of devices and maintain a temperature of the N number of devices near one of the following: a maximum temperature rated for the N number of devices and a minimum temperature rated for the N number of devices; at least one testing device configured to apply a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices; the at least one testing device further configured to apply a drain voltage (Vds) to the N number of devices; the at least one testing device further configured to measure device currents and/or device voltages of the N number of devices to generate device test data; the at least one testing device further configured to determine a failure of one or more of the N number of devices based on the device test data generated from the device currents and/or the device voltages measured by the at least one testing device to generate failure data; and the at least one testing device further configured to output the failure data for the N number of devices. 26. (canceled) 27. (canceled) 28. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to apply one or more different negative gate bias voltages (Vgs) to the N number of devices. 29. (canceled) 30. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to apply one or more different drain voltage (Vds) voltages to the N number of devices. 31. (canceled) 32. (canceled) 33. (canceled) 34. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to measure a current on a drain of each of the N number of devices to determine a device failure. 35. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein:
the at least one testing device is configured to monitor a testing time of the N number of devices; and
the at least one testing device is configured to capture the testing time for a particular one of the N number of devices that indicates a device failure along with an identification of the particular failed one of the N number of devices and values of the negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) and the drain voltage (Vds). 36. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein:
the at least one testing device is configured to calibrate fields of the N number of devices to determine an effective drain bias; and
the at least one testing device is configured to extrapolate values of the negative gate bias voltage (Vgs), the drain voltage (Vds), and/or a testing time to determine a lifetime prediction of the N number of devices. 37. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to determine a mean time to failure (MTTF) of each of the N number of devices based on values of the negative gate bias voltage (Vgs), the drain voltage (Vds), and/or a testing time. 38. (canceled) 39. (canceled) 40. (canceled) 41. (canceled) 42. (canceled) 43. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to reduce a test time to be 2 times faster to 5 times faster based in part on an application of a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices. 44. (canceled) 45. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein a test time is less than 9000 hours to achieve a first predetermined confidence level of statistical failure data. 46. The system for testing according to claim 45 wherein a test time is less than 2000 hours to achieve a second predetermined confidence level of statistical failure data, wherein the first predetermined confidence level of statistical failure data is greater than the second predetermined confidence level of statistical failure data. 47. (canceled) 48. (canceled) 49. A process for testing semiconductor power devices comprising:
arranging an N number of devices in a temperature controlled environment such that a temperature of the N number of devices is near one of the following: a maximum temperature rated for the N number of devices and a minimum temperature rated for the N number of devices; measuring with at least one testing device currents and/or device voltages of the N number of devices to generate failure data; and outputting with the at least one testing device the failure data for the N number of devices, wherein a test time is reduced by 30% to 80% in comparison to a test time implemented by prior art test processes. 50. The process for testing according to claim 49 further comprising determining a mean time to failure (MTTF) of each of the N number of devices based on values of a gate bias voltage (Vgs), a drain voltage (Vds), and/or a testing time. 51. The process for testing according to claim 49 wherein a test time is less than 9000 hours to achieve a first predetermined confidence level of statistical failure data. 52. The process for testing according to claim 51 wherein a test time is less than 2000 hours to achieve a second predetermined confidence level of statistical failure data. 53. (canceled) 54. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein the arranging an N number of devices in a temperature-controlled environment comprises controlling a temperature of the N number of devices to be near a maximum temperature rated for the N number of devices. 55. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein the arranging an N number of devices in a temperature-controlled environment comprises controlling a temperature of the N number of devices to be near a minimum temperature rated for the N number of devices. 56. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein the applying a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices comprises applying a near maximum negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices. 57. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein the applying with the at least one testing device a drain voltage (Vds) to the N number of devices comprises applying a near maximum drain voltage (Vds) voltage to the N number of devices. 58. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein the measuring with the at least one testing device currents and/or voltages of the N number of devices to generate device test data comprises measuring at least one of the following: currents at a gate of the N number of devices, currents at a source of the N number of devices, currents at a drain, voltage at a gate of the N number of devices, voltage at a source of the N number of devices, and voltage at a drain of the N number of devices. 59. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein the measuring with the at least one testing device currents and/or voltages of the N number of devices to generate device test data comprises measuring a drain leakage on a drain of each of the N number of devices to determine a device failure. 60. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein the applying a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to each of the N number of devices generates fields in each of the N number of devices that are higher than possible for typical test conditions. 61. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein a test time is reduced by 30% to 80% in comparison to a test time implemented by prior art test processes. 62. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein a test time is reduced by 30% to 80% based in part on an application of a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices in comparison to a test time implemented by prior art test processes. 63. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein a test time is 2 times faster to 5 times faster in comparison to a test time implemented by prior art test processes. 64. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein a test time is 2 times faster to 5 times faster based in part on an application of a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices in comparison to a test time implemented by prior art test processes. 65. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein a test time is 2 times faster to 5 times faster based in part on an application of a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices. 66. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein a test time is less than 9000 hours to achieve a first predetermined confidence level of statistical failure data. 67. The process for testing according to claim 66 wherein a test time is less than 2000 hours to achieve a second predetermined confidence level of statistical failure data, wherein the first predetermined confidence level of statistical failure data is greater than the second predetermined confidence level of statistical failure data. 68. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein the applying a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices increases an electric field in regions of the N number of devices resulting in faster failure rates. 69. The process for testing according to claim 1 wherein the arranging an N number of devices in a temperature-controlled environment isolates effects of a gate field and a semiconductor field to reveal a failure mechanism. 70. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the temperature-controlled environment is configured to maintain a temperature of the N number of devices to be near a maximum temperature rated for the N number of devices. 71. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the temperature-controlled environment is configured to maintain a temperature of the N number of devices to be near a minimum temperature rated for the N number of devices. 72. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to apply a near maximum negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices. 73. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to apply a near maximum drain voltage (Vds) voltage to the N number of devices. 74. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to measure at least one of the following: currents at a gate of the N number of devices, currents at a source of the N number of devices, currents at a drain, voltage at a gate of the N number of devices, voltage at a source of the N number of devices, and voltage at a drain of the N number of devices. 75. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to measure a drain leakage on a drain of each of the N number of devices to determine a device failure. 76. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to apply a negative voltage gate bias voltage (Vgs) to each of the N number of devices to generate fields in each of the N number of devices that are higher than possible for typical test conditions. 77. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to reduce a test time by 30% to 80% in comparison to a test time implemented by prior art test processes. 78. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to reduce a test time by 30% to 80% based in part on an application of a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices. 79. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to reduce a test time by 30% to 80% based in part on an application of a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices in comparison to a test time implemented by prior art test processes. 80. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to reduce a test time to be 2 times faster to 5 times faster in comparison to a test time implemented by prior art test processes. 81. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to reduce a test time to be 2 times faster to 5 times faster based in part on an application of a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices in comparison to a test time implemented by prior art test processes. 82. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured to apply a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices to increase an electric field in regions of the N number of devices resulting in faster failure rates. 83. The system for testing according to claim 25 wherein the at least one testing device is configured with the temperature-controlled environment to isolate effects of a gate field and a semiconductor field to reveal a failure mechanism. 84. The process for testing according to claim 49 wherein a test time is reduced by 30% to 80% based in part on an application of a negative gate bias voltage (Vgs) to the N number of devices in comparison to a test time implemented by prior art test processes. | 2,800 |
349,191 | 16,806,741 | 2,867 | The present disclosure relates to semiconductor power devices, and in particular, to a high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) with high voltage endurance capability and a preparation method thereof. The high-electron-mobility transistor with high voltage endurance capability includes a gate electrode, a source electrode, a drain electrode, a barrier layer, a P-type nitride semiconductor layer and a substrate, wherein the P-type nitride semiconductor layer is between the barrier layer and the substrate, which is insufficient to significantly deplete a two-dimensional electron gas in a channel except a gate stack, the source electrode is in electrical contact with the P-type nitride semiconductor layer, and the source electrode and the drain electrode are both in electrical contact with the two-dimensional electron gas. | 1. A high-electron-mobility transistor, comprising a gate electrode, a source electrode, a drain electrode, a barrier layer, a P-type nitride semiconductor layer and a substrate, wherein the P-type nitride semiconductor layer is between the barrier layer and the substrate, which is insufficient to significantly deplete a two-dimensional electron gas in a channel except a gate stack, the source electrode is in electrical contact with the P-type nitride semiconductor layer, and the source electrode and the drain electrode are both in electrical contact with the two-dimensional electron gas. 2. The transistor according to claim 1, further comprising a nucleation layer between the P-type nitride semiconductor layer and the substrate. 3. The transistor according to claim 1, further comprising a low doped or unintentionally doped nitride semiconductor layer between the barrier layer and the P-type nitride semiconductor layer. 4. The transistor according to claim 1, wherein a first portion of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer which is in contact with the source electrode has a larger doping concentration than a second portion of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer which is not in contact with the source electrode. 5. The transistor according to claim 1, wherein the P-type nitride semiconductor layer is formed by selective/lateral epitaxial growth. 6. The transistor according to claim 5, wherein during the selective/lateral epitaxial growth of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer, doping of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer is regulated by controlling a doping concentration according to different regions. 7. The transistor according to claim 5, wherein light doping or no doping is performed when the selective/lateral epitaxial growth of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer gets close to a portion preset for the drain electrode. 8. The transistor according to claim 7, wherein after the selective/lateral epitaxial growth is completed, the P-type nitride semiconductor layer is partially removed in height direction by a planarization or etching process. 9. The transistor according to claim 1, wherein an insulating layer is provided on the substrate, an opening region is formed on the insulating layer by etching, a nucleation layer is formed at the opening region, and an epitaxial layer structure comprising the P-type nitride semiconductor layer is grown by means of selective/lateral epitaxy; or a nucleation layer is grown on the substrate, an insulating layer is formed on the nucleation layer, an opening of the insulating layer exposes the nucleation layer, and an epitaxial layer structure comprising the P-type nitride semiconductor layer is formed by selective/lateral epitaxial growth. 10. The transistor according to claim 9, wherein prior to growing the P-type nitride semiconductor layer, a buffer layer, which is a layer of a highly doped P-type nitride semiconductor material, is formed on the nucleation layer. 11. The transistor according to claim 1, wherein except a region of the gate stack, under a zero bias voltage, a concentration of channel two-dimensional electron gas depleted by the P-type nitride semiconductor layer is smaller than 80% of the concentration of the channel two-dimensional electron gas formed by P-type doping in a semiconductor layer that does not contain P-type nitride. 12. The transistor according to claim 1, wherein at a time of forming the P-type nitride semiconductor layer, a first P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer, a first strong P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer and a second P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer are formed in order, wherein the first P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer is under the source electrode, the first strong P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer is under the gate electrode, the second P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer is under the drain electrode, and the first strong P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer can deplete the two-dimensional electron gas in at least a portion of a channel layer below the gate electrode by 95% or more, under a zero bias voltage. 13. The transistor according to claim 1, further comprising an independent body electrode which is in electrical contact with the P-type nitride semiconductor layer. 14. The transistor according to claim 13, further comprising a nucleation layer between the P-type nitride semiconductor layer and the substrate. 15. The transistor according to claim 13, wherein an insulating layer is provided on the substrate, an opening region is formed on the insulating layer by etching, a nucleation layer is formed at the opening region, and an epitaxial layer structure comprising the P-type nitride semiconductor layer is then formed by selective/lateral epitaxial growth; or a nucleation layer is grown on the substrate, an insulating layer is formed on the nucleation layer, an opening of the insulating layer exposes the nucleation layer, and an epitaxial layer structure comprising the P-type nitride semiconductor layer is formed by selective/lateral epitaxial growth. 16. The transistor according to claim 13, wherein during selective/lateral epitaxial growth of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer, doping of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer is regulated by controlling a doping concentration according to different regions. 17. The transistor according to claim 13, wherein light doping or no doping is performed when selective/lateral epitaxial growth of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer gets close to a portion preset for the drain electrode. 18. The transistor according to claim 13, wherein after completion of a growth of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer, a low doped or undoped semiconductor layer is further grown, thereby realizing undoping of a channel layer on an upper surface of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer. 19. The transistor according to claim 13, wherein after selective/lateral epitaxial growth is completed, an upper surface of the nitride semiconductor layer is partially removed by a planarization or etching process, and then a barrier layer structure or a channel layer and barrier layer structure is epitaxially formed. 20. The transistor according to claim 13, wherein at a time of forming the P-type nitride semiconductor layer, a first P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer, a first strong P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer and a second P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer are formed in order, wherein the first P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer is under a body electrode, the first strong P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer is under the gate electrode, the second P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer is under the drain electrode, and the first strong P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer can deplete the two-dimensional electron gas in at least a portion of a channel layer under the gate electrode by 95% or more under a zero bias voltage. 21. The transistor according to claim 20, wherein at the time of forming the P-type nitride semiconductor layer, after the first P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer, the first strong P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer and the second P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer are formed in order, ion implantation is performed in a portion of the first P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer which is connected with the body electrode so as to form a strongly doped P-type region, the body electrode is connected with the strongly doped P-type region to form an ohmic contact, the first strong P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer is under the gate electrode, the second P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer is under the drain electrode, and the first strong P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer can deplete the two-dimensional electron gas in at least a portion of the channel layer under the gate electrode by 95% or more under a zero bias voltage. 22. The transistor according to claim 13, wherein prior to growing the P-type nitride semiconductor layer, a buffer layer, which is a layer of a highly doped P-type nitride semiconductor material, is formed on the nucleation layer. 23. The transistor according to claim 13, wherein after growth of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer, a highly doped P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer is formed on the nucleation layer. 24. The transistor according to claim 1, wherein after a formation of the barrier layer, a SiNx passivation layer is grown in situ. 25. The transistor according to claim 1, further comprising a gate insulating layer under the gate electrode, wherein the gate insulating layer is configured to reduce an off-state leakage current of the gate electrode. 26. The transistor according to claim 1, wherein a mixture atmosphere having a precursor containing hydrogen and/or chlorine is used in selective/lateral epitaxial growth of the nucleation layer. 27. The transistor according to claim 1, wherein a precursor mixture atmosphere containing hydrogen and/or chlorine is used in selective/lateral epitaxial growth of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer. 28. The transistor according to claim 1, wherein the P-type nitride semiconductor layer is at least partially in a first region between the source electrode and the gate electrode and a second region between the gate electrode and the drain electrode. 29. The transistor according to claim 1, wherein except a gate stack region, under a zero bias voltage, the concentration of the channel two-dimensional electron gas depleted by the P-type nitride semiconductor layer is smaller than 80% of the concentration of the channel two-dimensional electron gas formed by P-type doping in a semiconductor layer that does not contain P-type nitride. 30. A method for preparing a high-electron-mobility transistor, comprising steps of forming a P-type nitride semiconductor layer on a nucleation layer by selective/lateral epitaxial growth, controllably changing a doping concentration of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer during the selective/lateral epitaxial growth to regulate the doping of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer according to different regions, and then forming an electrode structure, wherein a projection plane of a source electrode on a substrate partially coincides with a projection plane of the nucleation layer on the substrate. 31. The method according to claim 30, wherein a precursor mixture atmosphere containing hydrogen and/or chlorine is used in the selective/lateral epitaxial growth of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer. | The present disclosure relates to semiconductor power devices, and in particular, to a high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) with high voltage endurance capability and a preparation method thereof. The high-electron-mobility transistor with high voltage endurance capability includes a gate electrode, a source electrode, a drain electrode, a barrier layer, a P-type nitride semiconductor layer and a substrate, wherein the P-type nitride semiconductor layer is between the barrier layer and the substrate, which is insufficient to significantly deplete a two-dimensional electron gas in a channel except a gate stack, the source electrode is in electrical contact with the P-type nitride semiconductor layer, and the source electrode and the drain electrode are both in electrical contact with the two-dimensional electron gas.1. A high-electron-mobility transistor, comprising a gate electrode, a source electrode, a drain electrode, a barrier layer, a P-type nitride semiconductor layer and a substrate, wherein the P-type nitride semiconductor layer is between the barrier layer and the substrate, which is insufficient to significantly deplete a two-dimensional electron gas in a channel except a gate stack, the source electrode is in electrical contact with the P-type nitride semiconductor layer, and the source electrode and the drain electrode are both in electrical contact with the two-dimensional electron gas. 2. The transistor according to claim 1, further comprising a nucleation layer between the P-type nitride semiconductor layer and the substrate. 3. The transistor according to claim 1, further comprising a low doped or unintentionally doped nitride semiconductor layer between the barrier layer and the P-type nitride semiconductor layer. 4. The transistor according to claim 1, wherein a first portion of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer which is in contact with the source electrode has a larger doping concentration than a second portion of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer which is not in contact with the source electrode. 5. The transistor according to claim 1, wherein the P-type nitride semiconductor layer is formed by selective/lateral epitaxial growth. 6. The transistor according to claim 5, wherein during the selective/lateral epitaxial growth of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer, doping of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer is regulated by controlling a doping concentration according to different regions. 7. The transistor according to claim 5, wherein light doping or no doping is performed when the selective/lateral epitaxial growth of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer gets close to a portion preset for the drain electrode. 8. The transistor according to claim 7, wherein after the selective/lateral epitaxial growth is completed, the P-type nitride semiconductor layer is partially removed in height direction by a planarization or etching process. 9. The transistor according to claim 1, wherein an insulating layer is provided on the substrate, an opening region is formed on the insulating layer by etching, a nucleation layer is formed at the opening region, and an epitaxial layer structure comprising the P-type nitride semiconductor layer is grown by means of selective/lateral epitaxy; or a nucleation layer is grown on the substrate, an insulating layer is formed on the nucleation layer, an opening of the insulating layer exposes the nucleation layer, and an epitaxial layer structure comprising the P-type nitride semiconductor layer is formed by selective/lateral epitaxial growth. 10. The transistor according to claim 9, wherein prior to growing the P-type nitride semiconductor layer, a buffer layer, which is a layer of a highly doped P-type nitride semiconductor material, is formed on the nucleation layer. 11. The transistor according to claim 1, wherein except a region of the gate stack, under a zero bias voltage, a concentration of channel two-dimensional electron gas depleted by the P-type nitride semiconductor layer is smaller than 80% of the concentration of the channel two-dimensional electron gas formed by P-type doping in a semiconductor layer that does not contain P-type nitride. 12. The transistor according to claim 1, wherein at a time of forming the P-type nitride semiconductor layer, a first P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer, a first strong P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer and a second P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer are formed in order, wherein the first P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer is under the source electrode, the first strong P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer is under the gate electrode, the second P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer is under the drain electrode, and the first strong P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer can deplete the two-dimensional electron gas in at least a portion of a channel layer below the gate electrode by 95% or more, under a zero bias voltage. 13. The transistor according to claim 1, further comprising an independent body electrode which is in electrical contact with the P-type nitride semiconductor layer. 14. The transistor according to claim 13, further comprising a nucleation layer between the P-type nitride semiconductor layer and the substrate. 15. The transistor according to claim 13, wherein an insulating layer is provided on the substrate, an opening region is formed on the insulating layer by etching, a nucleation layer is formed at the opening region, and an epitaxial layer structure comprising the P-type nitride semiconductor layer is then formed by selective/lateral epitaxial growth; or a nucleation layer is grown on the substrate, an insulating layer is formed on the nucleation layer, an opening of the insulating layer exposes the nucleation layer, and an epitaxial layer structure comprising the P-type nitride semiconductor layer is formed by selective/lateral epitaxial growth. 16. The transistor according to claim 13, wherein during selective/lateral epitaxial growth of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer, doping of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer is regulated by controlling a doping concentration according to different regions. 17. The transistor according to claim 13, wherein light doping or no doping is performed when selective/lateral epitaxial growth of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer gets close to a portion preset for the drain electrode. 18. The transistor according to claim 13, wherein after completion of a growth of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer, a low doped or undoped semiconductor layer is further grown, thereby realizing undoping of a channel layer on an upper surface of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer. 19. The transistor according to claim 13, wherein after selective/lateral epitaxial growth is completed, an upper surface of the nitride semiconductor layer is partially removed by a planarization or etching process, and then a barrier layer structure or a channel layer and barrier layer structure is epitaxially formed. 20. The transistor according to claim 13, wherein at a time of forming the P-type nitride semiconductor layer, a first P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer, a first strong P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer and a second P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer are formed in order, wherein the first P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer is under a body electrode, the first strong P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer is under the gate electrode, the second P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer is under the drain electrode, and the first strong P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer can deplete the two-dimensional electron gas in at least a portion of a channel layer under the gate electrode by 95% or more under a zero bias voltage. 21. The transistor according to claim 20, wherein at the time of forming the P-type nitride semiconductor layer, after the first P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer, the first strong P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer and the second P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer are formed in order, ion implantation is performed in a portion of the first P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer which is connected with the body electrode so as to form a strongly doped P-type region, the body electrode is connected with the strongly doped P-type region to form an ohmic contact, the first strong P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer is under the gate electrode, the second P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer is under the drain electrode, and the first strong P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer can deplete the two-dimensional electron gas in at least a portion of the channel layer under the gate electrode by 95% or more under a zero bias voltage. 22. The transistor according to claim 13, wherein prior to growing the P-type nitride semiconductor layer, a buffer layer, which is a layer of a highly doped P-type nitride semiconductor material, is formed on the nucleation layer. 23. The transistor according to claim 13, wherein after growth of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer, a highly doped P-type region of the nitride semiconductor layer is formed on the nucleation layer. 24. The transistor according to claim 1, wherein after a formation of the barrier layer, a SiNx passivation layer is grown in situ. 25. The transistor according to claim 1, further comprising a gate insulating layer under the gate electrode, wherein the gate insulating layer is configured to reduce an off-state leakage current of the gate electrode. 26. The transistor according to claim 1, wherein a mixture atmosphere having a precursor containing hydrogen and/or chlorine is used in selective/lateral epitaxial growth of the nucleation layer. 27. The transistor according to claim 1, wherein a precursor mixture atmosphere containing hydrogen and/or chlorine is used in selective/lateral epitaxial growth of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer. 28. The transistor according to claim 1, wherein the P-type nitride semiconductor layer is at least partially in a first region between the source electrode and the gate electrode and a second region between the gate electrode and the drain electrode. 29. The transistor according to claim 1, wherein except a gate stack region, under a zero bias voltage, the concentration of the channel two-dimensional electron gas depleted by the P-type nitride semiconductor layer is smaller than 80% of the concentration of the channel two-dimensional electron gas formed by P-type doping in a semiconductor layer that does not contain P-type nitride. 30. A method for preparing a high-electron-mobility transistor, comprising steps of forming a P-type nitride semiconductor layer on a nucleation layer by selective/lateral epitaxial growth, controllably changing a doping concentration of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer during the selective/lateral epitaxial growth to regulate the doping of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer according to different regions, and then forming an electrode structure, wherein a projection plane of a source electrode on a substrate partially coincides with a projection plane of the nucleation layer on the substrate. 31. The method according to claim 30, wherein a precursor mixture atmosphere containing hydrogen and/or chlorine is used in the selective/lateral epitaxial growth of the P-type nitride semiconductor layer. | 2,800 |
349,192 | 16,806,739 | 2,867 | A security device configured to be secured to an article. The security device includes a tag having an expandable portion with a retracted dimension and an expanded dimension. Applying a first removal force to the tag in an attempt to remove the security device from the article releases the expandable portion causing a dimension of the tag to increase from the retracted dimension to the expanded dimension. | 1. A security device configured to be secured to an article, comprising:
a tag having a plurality of expandable portions configured to expand from an outer surface of the tag so the tag has a retracted dimension and an expanded dimension, wherein the tag includes a dimension that is configured to increase in response to a first removal force received by the tag, wherein the increase in the dimension is based on the expandable portion being configured to release and move from the retracted dimension to the expanded dimension in response to the first removal force. 2. A security device configured to be secured to an article, comprising:
a tag having an expandable portion with a retracted dimension and an expanded dimension, wherein the tag includes a dimension that is configured to increase in response to a first removal force received by the tag, wherein the increase in the dimension is based on the expandable portion being configured to release and move from the retracted dimension to the expanded dimension in response to the first removal force; and a second tag configured to be detachably connected to the tag, wherein the tag and the second tag are connectable along a first direction, wherein the first removal force is a force in a second direction opposite the first direction. 3. The security device of claim 2, wherein the second tag further comprises a locking and releasing mechanism configured to lock or release the tag and second tag, wherein the expandable portion of the tag is retractable to the retracted dimension from the expanded dimension in response to the release mechanism releasing the tag and the second tag. 4. The security device of claim 3, wherein the expandable portion is configured to maintain the retracted dimension in response to the release mechanism releasing the tag and the tag being removed from the second tag in the second direction. 5. The security device of claim 2, wherein the expandable portion of the tag is retractable to the retracted dimension from the expanded dimension in response to a magnetic force being applied to the tag. 6. The security device of claim 1, wherein the tag further comprises a connection pin and a second tag comprises a receiving portion for receiving the connection pin. 7. The security device of claim 6, wherein the connection pin is operatively connected to the plurality of expandable portions. 8. The security device of claim 1, wherein the security device further comprises:
a track housing having a series of tracks; and wherein each of the plurality of expanding portions has a follower that is slideably contained within a respective one of the plurality of tracks. 9. The security device of claim 2, wherein the second tag comprises a second tag expandable portion with a second retracted dimension and a second expanded dimension, wherein the second tag includes a dimension that is configured to increase in response to a second removal force received by the second tag, wherein the increase in dimension is based on the second expandable portion being configured to release and move from the retracted dimension to the expanded dimension in response to the second removal force. 10. The security device of claim 9, wherein the second tag further comprises a second tag connection portion that is operatively connected to the second tag expandable portion. 11. The security device of claim 10, wherein the second tag connection portion is a receiving portion for receiving a pin of the tag. 12. A security device configured to be secured to an article, the security device comprising:
a first tag having an expandable portion with a retracted dimension and an expanded dimension; a second tag that is removably connectable to the first tag, wherein the first tag includes a dimension that is configured to increase in response to a first removal force received by the tag, wherein the increase in the dimension is based on the expandable portion being configured to release and move from the retracted dimension to the expanded dimension in response to the first removal force. 13. The security device of claim 12, wherein the second tag further comprises a locking and releasing mechanism configured to lock or release the first tag and second tag, wherein the expandable portion of the first tag is retractable to the retracted dimension from the expanded dimension in response to the release mechanism releasing the first tag from the second tag. 14. The security device of claim 13, wherein the expandable portion maintains the retracted dimension in response to the release mechanism releasing the first tag from the second tag. 15. The security device of claim 12, wherein the expandable portion of the tag is retractable to the retracted dimension from the expanded dimension in response to a magnetic force is applied to the first tag. 16. The security device of claim 12, wherein the first tag further comprises a connection pin and the second tag comprises a receiving portion for receiving the connection pin. 17. The security device of claim 16, wherein the connection pin is operatively connected to the expandable portion. 18. The security device of claim 12, wherein the security device further comprises:
a track housing having a series of tracks; and wherein the expandable portion comprises a plurality of expanding portions, wherein each of the expanding portions has a follower that is slideably contained within a respective one of the plurality of tracks. 19. The security device of claim 18, further comprising a rotatable housing, wherein the expandable portions are connected to the rotatable housing via respective pivots, wherein the expanding portions are between the rotatable housing and the track housing. 20. The security device of claim 12, wherein the second tag comprises a second tag expandable portion with a second retracted dimension and a second expanded dimension, wherein the second tag includes a dimension that is configured to increase in response to a second removal force received by the second tag, wherein the increase in dimension is based on the second expandable portion being configured to release and move from the retracted dimension to the expanded dimension in response to the second removal force. | A security device configured to be secured to an article. The security device includes a tag having an expandable portion with a retracted dimension and an expanded dimension. Applying a first removal force to the tag in an attempt to remove the security device from the article releases the expandable portion causing a dimension of the tag to increase from the retracted dimension to the expanded dimension.1. A security device configured to be secured to an article, comprising:
a tag having a plurality of expandable portions configured to expand from an outer surface of the tag so the tag has a retracted dimension and an expanded dimension, wherein the tag includes a dimension that is configured to increase in response to a first removal force received by the tag, wherein the increase in the dimension is based on the expandable portion being configured to release and move from the retracted dimension to the expanded dimension in response to the first removal force. 2. A security device configured to be secured to an article, comprising:
a tag having an expandable portion with a retracted dimension and an expanded dimension, wherein the tag includes a dimension that is configured to increase in response to a first removal force received by the tag, wherein the increase in the dimension is based on the expandable portion being configured to release and move from the retracted dimension to the expanded dimension in response to the first removal force; and a second tag configured to be detachably connected to the tag, wherein the tag and the second tag are connectable along a first direction, wherein the first removal force is a force in a second direction opposite the first direction. 3. The security device of claim 2, wherein the second tag further comprises a locking and releasing mechanism configured to lock or release the tag and second tag, wherein the expandable portion of the tag is retractable to the retracted dimension from the expanded dimension in response to the release mechanism releasing the tag and the second tag. 4. The security device of claim 3, wherein the expandable portion is configured to maintain the retracted dimension in response to the release mechanism releasing the tag and the tag being removed from the second tag in the second direction. 5. The security device of claim 2, wherein the expandable portion of the tag is retractable to the retracted dimension from the expanded dimension in response to a magnetic force being applied to the tag. 6. The security device of claim 1, wherein the tag further comprises a connection pin and a second tag comprises a receiving portion for receiving the connection pin. 7. The security device of claim 6, wherein the connection pin is operatively connected to the plurality of expandable portions. 8. The security device of claim 1, wherein the security device further comprises:
a track housing having a series of tracks; and wherein each of the plurality of expanding portions has a follower that is slideably contained within a respective one of the plurality of tracks. 9. The security device of claim 2, wherein the second tag comprises a second tag expandable portion with a second retracted dimension and a second expanded dimension, wherein the second tag includes a dimension that is configured to increase in response to a second removal force received by the second tag, wherein the increase in dimension is based on the second expandable portion being configured to release and move from the retracted dimension to the expanded dimension in response to the second removal force. 10. The security device of claim 9, wherein the second tag further comprises a second tag connection portion that is operatively connected to the second tag expandable portion. 11. The security device of claim 10, wherein the second tag connection portion is a receiving portion for receiving a pin of the tag. 12. A security device configured to be secured to an article, the security device comprising:
a first tag having an expandable portion with a retracted dimension and an expanded dimension; a second tag that is removably connectable to the first tag, wherein the first tag includes a dimension that is configured to increase in response to a first removal force received by the tag, wherein the increase in the dimension is based on the expandable portion being configured to release and move from the retracted dimension to the expanded dimension in response to the first removal force. 13. The security device of claim 12, wherein the second tag further comprises a locking and releasing mechanism configured to lock or release the first tag and second tag, wherein the expandable portion of the first tag is retractable to the retracted dimension from the expanded dimension in response to the release mechanism releasing the first tag from the second tag. 14. The security device of claim 13, wherein the expandable portion maintains the retracted dimension in response to the release mechanism releasing the first tag from the second tag. 15. The security device of claim 12, wherein the expandable portion of the tag is retractable to the retracted dimension from the expanded dimension in response to a magnetic force is applied to the first tag. 16. The security device of claim 12, wherein the first tag further comprises a connection pin and the second tag comprises a receiving portion for receiving the connection pin. 17. The security device of claim 16, wherein the connection pin is operatively connected to the expandable portion. 18. The security device of claim 12, wherein the security device further comprises:
a track housing having a series of tracks; and wherein the expandable portion comprises a plurality of expanding portions, wherein each of the expanding portions has a follower that is slideably contained within a respective one of the plurality of tracks. 19. The security device of claim 18, further comprising a rotatable housing, wherein the expandable portions are connected to the rotatable housing via respective pivots, wherein the expanding portions are between the rotatable housing and the track housing. 20. The security device of claim 12, wherein the second tag comprises a second tag expandable portion with a second retracted dimension and a second expanded dimension, wherein the second tag includes a dimension that is configured to increase in response to a second removal force received by the second tag, wherein the increase in dimension is based on the second expandable portion being configured to release and move from the retracted dimension to the expanded dimension in response to the second removal force. | 2,800 |
349,193 | 16,806,746 | 2,867 | Example ambulation aid apparatus and associated methods of manufacture are disclosed and described herein. An example single-point supportive ambulation aid is formed as an integral part. The integral part of the example ambulation aid is formed to integrate: a body portion formed to support a user; a graspable area integrated with the body portion and providing an area to be gripped by a user; and a foot portion integrated with the body portion and providing a single point of contact with a walking surface to facilitate user movement and support in conjunction with the body portion and graspable area through the integral part. | 1. A single-point supportive ambulation aid apparatus comprising:
one or more covers attachable to a frame to form a body-on-frame ambulation aid supporting, through a single point of contact, weight and mobility of a user, the body-on-frame ambulation aid including: a graspable area to facilitate control of the body-on-frame ambulation aid; and a foot to provide the single point of contact with a walking surface. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further including a plurality of covers attachable to the frame. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more covers is attachable by snapping to the frame. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more covers is attachable by at least one of stretching over the frame or slipping over the frame. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more covers includes structural elements to strengthen the at least one of the one or more covers. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the structural elements include ribbing. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more covers is formed from a polymer-based material. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the frame is formed of foam. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein at least one of the one or more covers or the foam is formed of a combination of polypropylene and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more covers is removably attachable to the frame. 11. An ambulation aid apparatus comprising:
a cover means attachable to a frame to form a body-on-frame ambulation aid supporting, through a single point of contact, weight and mobility of a user, the body-on-frame ambulation aid including: graspable means to facilitate control of the body-on-frame ambulation aid; and foot means to provide the single point of contact with a walking surface. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the cover means includes a plurality of covers attachable to the frame. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the cover means is attachable by snapping to the frame. 14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the cover means is attachable by at least one of stretching over the frame or slipping over the frame. 15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the cover means includes structural elements to strengthen the cover means. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the structural elements include ribbing. 17. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the cover means is formed from a polymer-based material. 18. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the frame is formed of foam. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein at least one of the cover means or the foam is formed of a combination of polypropylene and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. 20. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the cover means is removably attachable to the frame. | Example ambulation aid apparatus and associated methods of manufacture are disclosed and described herein. An example single-point supportive ambulation aid is formed as an integral part. The integral part of the example ambulation aid is formed to integrate: a body portion formed to support a user; a graspable area integrated with the body portion and providing an area to be gripped by a user; and a foot portion integrated with the body portion and providing a single point of contact with a walking surface to facilitate user movement and support in conjunction with the body portion and graspable area through the integral part.1. A single-point supportive ambulation aid apparatus comprising:
one or more covers attachable to a frame to form a body-on-frame ambulation aid supporting, through a single point of contact, weight and mobility of a user, the body-on-frame ambulation aid including: a graspable area to facilitate control of the body-on-frame ambulation aid; and a foot to provide the single point of contact with a walking surface. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further including a plurality of covers attachable to the frame. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more covers is attachable by snapping to the frame. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more covers is attachable by at least one of stretching over the frame or slipping over the frame. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more covers includes structural elements to strengthen the at least one of the one or more covers. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the structural elements include ribbing. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more covers is formed from a polymer-based material. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the frame is formed of foam. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein at least one of the one or more covers or the foam is formed of a combination of polypropylene and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more covers is removably attachable to the frame. 11. An ambulation aid apparatus comprising:
a cover means attachable to a frame to form a body-on-frame ambulation aid supporting, through a single point of contact, weight and mobility of a user, the body-on-frame ambulation aid including: graspable means to facilitate control of the body-on-frame ambulation aid; and foot means to provide the single point of contact with a walking surface. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the cover means includes a plurality of covers attachable to the frame. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the cover means is attachable by snapping to the frame. 14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the cover means is attachable by at least one of stretching over the frame or slipping over the frame. 15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the cover means includes structural elements to strengthen the cover means. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the structural elements include ribbing. 17. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the cover means is formed from a polymer-based material. 18. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the frame is formed of foam. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein at least one of the cover means or the foam is formed of a combination of polypropylene and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. 20. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the cover means is removably attachable to the frame. | 2,800 |
349,194 | 16,806,748 | 2,867 | A drive system for a vehicle includes a first planetary gear set, a second planetary gear set directly coupled to the first planetary gear set, a first electromagnetic device directly coupled to the first planetary gear set and including a first shaft, a second electromagnetic device directly coupled to the second planetary gear set and including a second shaft, and an output shaft coupled to the first planetary gear set. The first shaft and the second shaft are radially aligned with the first planetary gear set and the second planetary gear set. The output shaft is radially aligned with the first planetary gear set and the second planetary gear set. | 1. A drive system for a vehicle, comprising:
a first planetary gear set; a second planetary gear set directly coupled to the first planetary gear set; a first electromagnetic device directly coupled to the first planetary gear set, wherein the first electromagnetic device includes a first shaft; a second electromagnetic device directly coupled to the second planetary gear set, wherein the second electromagnetic device includes a second shaft, wherein the first shaft and the second shaft are radially aligned with the first planetary gear set and the second planetary gear set; and an output shaft coupled to the first planetary gear set, wherein the output shaft is radially aligned with the first planetary gear set and the second planetary gear set. 2. The drive system of claim 1, further comprising a clutch positioned to selectively rotationally couple the second shaft to the first planetary gear set. 3. The drive system of claim 1, further comprising an auxiliary shaft radially offset from the output shaft, wherein the auxiliary shaft is rotationally coupled to the first planetary gear set. 4. The drive system of claim 3, further comprising a clutch positioned to selectively rotationally couple the second planetary gear set to the auxiliary shaft when engaged. 5. The drive system of claim 4, further comprising a brake positioned to selectively limit rotation of a portion of the second planetary gear set when engaged. 6. The drive system of claim 1, wherein the output shaft is directly coupled to the first planetary gear set. 7. The drive system of claim 6, wherein the output shaft extends away from the first planetary gear set and through the first electromagnetic device. 8. The drive system of claim 7, further comprising a clutch positioned to selectively rotationally couple the output shaft to the first shaft of the first electromagnetic device when engaged. 9. The drive system of claim 1, wherein the first planetary gear set and the second planetary gear set are disposed between the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device. 10. A drive system for a vehicle, comprising:
a first gear set including a first sun gear, a first ring gear, a first plurality of planetary gears coupling the first sun gear to the first ring gear, and a first carrier rotationally supporting the first plurality of planetary gears; a second gear set including a second sun gear, a second ring gear, a second plurality of planetary gears coupling the second sun gear to the second ring gear, and a second carrier rotationally supporting the second plurality of planetary gears; a first electromagnetic device directly coupled to the first gear set; a second electromagnetic device directly coupled to the second gear set; and an output shaft directly coupled to the first carrier, wherein the output shaft is configured to transport power from the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device to a tractive element of the vehicle; and wherein the output shaft is aligned with the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device. 11. The drive system of claim 10, wherein the first electromagnetic device is directly coupled to the first sun gear, and wherein the second electromagnetic device is directly coupled to the second sun gear. 12. The drive system of claim 10, further comprising a clutch positioned to selectively rotationally couple the second electromagnetic device to the first ring gear when engaged. 13. The drive system of claim 10, further comprising an auxiliary shaft radially offset from the output shaft and a clutch positioned to selectively rotationally couple the second gear set to the auxiliary shaft when engaged, wherein the auxiliary shaft is rotationally coupled to the first gear set. 14. The drive system of claim 13, wherein the auxiliary shaft is coupled to the first carrier, and wherein the clutch is positioned to selectively rotationally couple the second ring gear to the auxiliary shaft when engaged. 15. The drive system of claim 10, further comprising a brake positioned to selectively limit rotation of the second ring gear when engaged. 16. The drive system of claim 10, wherein the first gear set and the second gear set are disposed between the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device. 17. A vehicle, comprising:
a multi-mode transmission including:
a first gear set and a second gear set, the first gear set comprising a planetary gear set having a planetary gear carrier;
a first motor/generator directly coupled to the first gear set;
a second motor/generator coupled to the second gear set; and
an output shaft directly coupled to the planetary gear carrier of the first gear set and configured to selectively receive rotational mechanical energy from the first motor/generator and the second motor/generator; and
a drive axle coupled to the output shaft of the multi-mode transmission. 18. The vehicle of claim 17, further comprising a clutch positioned to selectively couple the second gear set to an auxiliary shaft, wherein the planetary gear carrier of the first gear set is coupled to the auxiliary shaft. 19. The vehicle of claim 17, further comprising a brake, wherein the second gear set comprises a planetary gear set having a ring gear, wherein the brake is positioned to selectively limit rotation of the ring gear when engaged. 20. The vehicle of claim 17, further comprising a clutch positioned to selectively couple the output shaft to the first motor/generator. | A drive system for a vehicle includes a first planetary gear set, a second planetary gear set directly coupled to the first planetary gear set, a first electromagnetic device directly coupled to the first planetary gear set and including a first shaft, a second electromagnetic device directly coupled to the second planetary gear set and including a second shaft, and an output shaft coupled to the first planetary gear set. The first shaft and the second shaft are radially aligned with the first planetary gear set and the second planetary gear set. The output shaft is radially aligned with the first planetary gear set and the second planetary gear set.1. A drive system for a vehicle, comprising:
a first planetary gear set; a second planetary gear set directly coupled to the first planetary gear set; a first electromagnetic device directly coupled to the first planetary gear set, wherein the first electromagnetic device includes a first shaft; a second electromagnetic device directly coupled to the second planetary gear set, wherein the second electromagnetic device includes a second shaft, wherein the first shaft and the second shaft are radially aligned with the first planetary gear set and the second planetary gear set; and an output shaft coupled to the first planetary gear set, wherein the output shaft is radially aligned with the first planetary gear set and the second planetary gear set. 2. The drive system of claim 1, further comprising a clutch positioned to selectively rotationally couple the second shaft to the first planetary gear set. 3. The drive system of claim 1, further comprising an auxiliary shaft radially offset from the output shaft, wherein the auxiliary shaft is rotationally coupled to the first planetary gear set. 4. The drive system of claim 3, further comprising a clutch positioned to selectively rotationally couple the second planetary gear set to the auxiliary shaft when engaged. 5. The drive system of claim 4, further comprising a brake positioned to selectively limit rotation of a portion of the second planetary gear set when engaged. 6. The drive system of claim 1, wherein the output shaft is directly coupled to the first planetary gear set. 7. The drive system of claim 6, wherein the output shaft extends away from the first planetary gear set and through the first electromagnetic device. 8. The drive system of claim 7, further comprising a clutch positioned to selectively rotationally couple the output shaft to the first shaft of the first electromagnetic device when engaged. 9. The drive system of claim 1, wherein the first planetary gear set and the second planetary gear set are disposed between the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device. 10. A drive system for a vehicle, comprising:
a first gear set including a first sun gear, a first ring gear, a first plurality of planetary gears coupling the first sun gear to the first ring gear, and a first carrier rotationally supporting the first plurality of planetary gears; a second gear set including a second sun gear, a second ring gear, a second plurality of planetary gears coupling the second sun gear to the second ring gear, and a second carrier rotationally supporting the second plurality of planetary gears; a first electromagnetic device directly coupled to the first gear set; a second electromagnetic device directly coupled to the second gear set; and an output shaft directly coupled to the first carrier, wherein the output shaft is configured to transport power from the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device to a tractive element of the vehicle; and wherein the output shaft is aligned with the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device. 11. The drive system of claim 10, wherein the first electromagnetic device is directly coupled to the first sun gear, and wherein the second electromagnetic device is directly coupled to the second sun gear. 12. The drive system of claim 10, further comprising a clutch positioned to selectively rotationally couple the second electromagnetic device to the first ring gear when engaged. 13. The drive system of claim 10, further comprising an auxiliary shaft radially offset from the output shaft and a clutch positioned to selectively rotationally couple the second gear set to the auxiliary shaft when engaged, wherein the auxiliary shaft is rotationally coupled to the first gear set. 14. The drive system of claim 13, wherein the auxiliary shaft is coupled to the first carrier, and wherein the clutch is positioned to selectively rotationally couple the second ring gear to the auxiliary shaft when engaged. 15. The drive system of claim 10, further comprising a brake positioned to selectively limit rotation of the second ring gear when engaged. 16. The drive system of claim 10, wherein the first gear set and the second gear set are disposed between the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device. 17. A vehicle, comprising:
a multi-mode transmission including:
a first gear set and a second gear set, the first gear set comprising a planetary gear set having a planetary gear carrier;
a first motor/generator directly coupled to the first gear set;
a second motor/generator coupled to the second gear set; and
an output shaft directly coupled to the planetary gear carrier of the first gear set and configured to selectively receive rotational mechanical energy from the first motor/generator and the second motor/generator; and
a drive axle coupled to the output shaft of the multi-mode transmission. 18. The vehicle of claim 17, further comprising a clutch positioned to selectively couple the second gear set to an auxiliary shaft, wherein the planetary gear carrier of the first gear set is coupled to the auxiliary shaft. 19. The vehicle of claim 17, further comprising a brake, wherein the second gear set comprises a planetary gear set having a ring gear, wherein the brake is positioned to selectively limit rotation of the ring gear when engaged. 20. The vehicle of claim 17, further comprising a clutch positioned to selectively couple the output shaft to the first motor/generator. | 2,800 |
349,195 | 16,806,756 | 2,867 | Apparatuses, methods, and systems are disclosed for protecting the user identity and credentials. One apparatus includes a processor registers with a mobile communication network using a first set of credentials, the mobile communication network supporting a plurality of network slices. The processor receives a public key for a network slice where slice-specific authentication is required and encrypts a second set of credentials using the public key. Here, the second set of credentials is used for authentication with the network slice. The apparatus includes a transceiver that sends a message to the mobile communication network, the message including the encrypted second set of credentials. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a processor that: registers with a mobile communication network using a first set of credentials, the mobile communication network supporting a plurality of network slices; receives a public key for a network slice where slice-specific authentication is required; and encrypts a second set of credentials using the public key, the second set of credentials used for authentication with the network slice; and a transceiver that sends a message to the mobile communication network, wherein the message includes the encrypted second set of credentials. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein encrypting the second set of credentials comprises generating a nonce, wherein the nonce is used to encrypt the second set of credentials. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the message to the mobile communication network includes the nonce. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the message to the mobile communication network initiates slice-specific authentication of the apparatus. 5. A method comprising:
registering with a mobile communication network using a first set of credentials, the mobile communication network supporting a plurality of network slices; receiving a public key for a network slice where slice-specific authentication is required; encrypting a second set of credentials using the public key, the second set of credentials used for authentication with the network slice; and sending a message to the mobile communication network, wherein the message includes the encrypted second set of credentials. 6. An apparatus comprising:
a transceiver that receives a registration request from a user equipment device (“UE”), wherein the UE registers with a mobile communication network using a first set of credentials; and a processor that: retrieves a public key for a network slice where slice-specific authentication is required; encrypts a second set of credentials using the public key, the second set of credentials used for authentication with the network slice; and sends a message to an authentication server, wherein the message includes the encrypted second set of credentials. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the first set of credentials is received from a Unified Data Management function (“UDM”). 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first set of credentials is received together with subscription data of the UE. 9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the second set of credentials is received from the UE. 10. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein encrypting the second set of credentials comprises generating a nonce, wherein the nonce is used to encrypt the second set of credentials. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the message to the authentication server includes the nonce. 12. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the processor checks subscription data of the UE in response to the registration request, wherein the public key is stored with the subscription data. 13. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the message to the authentication server initiates slice-specific authentication of the UE. 14. A method comprising:
receiving a registration request from a user equipment device (“UE”), wherein the UE registers with a mobile communication network using a first set of credentials; retrieving a public key for a network slice where slice-specific authentication is required; encrypting a second set of credentials using the public key, the second set of credentials used for authentication with the network slice; and sending a message to an authentication server, wherein the message includes the encrypted second set of credentials. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first set of credentials is received from a Unified Data Management function (“UDM”), wherein the first set of credentials is received together with subscription data of the UE. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein encrypting the second set of credentials comprises generating a nonce, wherein the nonce is used to encrypt the second set of credentials, wherein the message to the authentication server includes the nonce. 17. The method of claim 14, further comprising checking subscription data of the UE in response to the registration request, wherein the public key is stored with the subscription data. 18. An apparatus comprising:
a processor that provides network exposure services to a third-party service provider, the third-party service provider operating a slice authentication server; and a transceiver that receives a first set of credentials from the third-party service provider, the first set of credentials comprising a public key for a network slice where slice-specific authentication is required, wherein the processor provisions the public key to an Access and Mobility Management Function (“AMF”) as part of subscription data, wherein the subscription includes the network slice. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the first set of credentials is received via a network exposure function (“NEF”). 20. A method comprising:
providing network exposure services to a third-party service provider, the third-party service provider operating a slice authentication server; receiving a first set of credentials from the third-party service provider, the first set of credentials comprising a public key for a network slice where slice-specific authentication is required; and provisioning the public key to an Access and Mobility Management Function (“AMF”) as part of subscription data, wherein the subscription includes the network slice. | Apparatuses, methods, and systems are disclosed for protecting the user identity and credentials. One apparatus includes a processor registers with a mobile communication network using a first set of credentials, the mobile communication network supporting a plurality of network slices. The processor receives a public key for a network slice where slice-specific authentication is required and encrypts a second set of credentials using the public key. Here, the second set of credentials is used for authentication with the network slice. The apparatus includes a transceiver that sends a message to the mobile communication network, the message including the encrypted second set of credentials.1. An apparatus comprising:
a processor that: registers with a mobile communication network using a first set of credentials, the mobile communication network supporting a plurality of network slices; receives a public key for a network slice where slice-specific authentication is required; and encrypts a second set of credentials using the public key, the second set of credentials used for authentication with the network slice; and a transceiver that sends a message to the mobile communication network, wherein the message includes the encrypted second set of credentials. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein encrypting the second set of credentials comprises generating a nonce, wherein the nonce is used to encrypt the second set of credentials. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the message to the mobile communication network includes the nonce. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the message to the mobile communication network initiates slice-specific authentication of the apparatus. 5. A method comprising:
registering with a mobile communication network using a first set of credentials, the mobile communication network supporting a plurality of network slices; receiving a public key for a network slice where slice-specific authentication is required; encrypting a second set of credentials using the public key, the second set of credentials used for authentication with the network slice; and sending a message to the mobile communication network, wherein the message includes the encrypted second set of credentials. 6. An apparatus comprising:
a transceiver that receives a registration request from a user equipment device (“UE”), wherein the UE registers with a mobile communication network using a first set of credentials; and a processor that: retrieves a public key for a network slice where slice-specific authentication is required; encrypts a second set of credentials using the public key, the second set of credentials used for authentication with the network slice; and sends a message to an authentication server, wherein the message includes the encrypted second set of credentials. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the first set of credentials is received from a Unified Data Management function (“UDM”). 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first set of credentials is received together with subscription data of the UE. 9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the second set of credentials is received from the UE. 10. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein encrypting the second set of credentials comprises generating a nonce, wherein the nonce is used to encrypt the second set of credentials. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the message to the authentication server includes the nonce. 12. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the processor checks subscription data of the UE in response to the registration request, wherein the public key is stored with the subscription data. 13. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the message to the authentication server initiates slice-specific authentication of the UE. 14. A method comprising:
receiving a registration request from a user equipment device (“UE”), wherein the UE registers with a mobile communication network using a first set of credentials; retrieving a public key for a network slice where slice-specific authentication is required; encrypting a second set of credentials using the public key, the second set of credentials used for authentication with the network slice; and sending a message to an authentication server, wherein the message includes the encrypted second set of credentials. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first set of credentials is received from a Unified Data Management function (“UDM”), wherein the first set of credentials is received together with subscription data of the UE. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein encrypting the second set of credentials comprises generating a nonce, wherein the nonce is used to encrypt the second set of credentials, wherein the message to the authentication server includes the nonce. 17. The method of claim 14, further comprising checking subscription data of the UE in response to the registration request, wherein the public key is stored with the subscription data. 18. An apparatus comprising:
a processor that provides network exposure services to a third-party service provider, the third-party service provider operating a slice authentication server; and a transceiver that receives a first set of credentials from the third-party service provider, the first set of credentials comprising a public key for a network slice where slice-specific authentication is required, wherein the processor provisions the public key to an Access and Mobility Management Function (“AMF”) as part of subscription data, wherein the subscription includes the network slice. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the first set of credentials is received via a network exposure function (“NEF”). 20. A method comprising:
providing network exposure services to a third-party service provider, the third-party service provider operating a slice authentication server; receiving a first set of credentials from the third-party service provider, the first set of credentials comprising a public key for a network slice where slice-specific authentication is required; and provisioning the public key to an Access and Mobility Management Function (“AMF”) as part of subscription data, wherein the subscription includes the network slice. | 2,800 |
349,196 | 16,806,744 | 2,867 | A first soft key for use of a function that differs from a function available by selecting a second soft key displayed in a second display area of an information processing apparatus or a first soft key for use of a function that is the same as a function available by selecting a second soft key displayed in the second display area is displayed in a first display area displayed together with the second display area in accordance with a display condition. | 1. An information processing apparatus, comprising:
a display unit configured to display a first soft key in a first display area of a display screen of the information processing apparatus, display a second soft key in a second display area of the display screen, display a setting screen that contains, as initial settings, settings predetermined by a user as default settings if the first soft key is selected by a user, and display a setting screen that contains, as initial settings, settings of a job executed by using one of a plurality of functions of the information processing apparatus if the second key is selected by the user; and a setting unit configured to set a display condition for displaying the second soft key in the second display area, wherein one of the second soft key for use of a function that differs from a function available by selecting the first soft key and the second soft key for use of a function that is the same as a function available by selecting the first soft key is displayed in the second display area, in accordance with the display condition set by the setting unit. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first soft key displayed in the first display area and the second soft key displayed in the second display area are changed by a page feed instruction generated by an user operation, and
wherein if the second soft key is hidden in accordance with the display condition set by the setting unit, one of a number keypad and a guide menu is displayed in the second display area. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein in a case where display information displayed in the first display area by selecting the first soft key includes a setting item changeable by the number keypad, the number keypad is displayed in the second display area, and
wherein in a case where the display information does not include the setting item, the guide menu relating to the display information is displayed in the second display area. 4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein when the second soft key is displayed in accordance with the display condition set by the setting unit, the display condition is displayed so as to be recognizable to the user. 5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the display condition is at least one of a condition to hide the second soft key, a condition to display the second soft key such that a function usable with the second soft key differs from a function usable with the first soft key displayed together with the second soft key, and a condition to display the second soft key such that a function usable with the second soft key is the same as a function usable with the first soft key displayed together with the second soft key. 6. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the information processing apparatus is capable of setting the initial display information that the information processing apparatus displays in the first display area immediately after the user logs in, and wherein the second soft key relating to the initial display information displayed in the first display area is displayed in the second display area in accordance with the display condition set by the setting unit, or the second soft key relating to the initial display information displayed in the first display area is not displayed. 7. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a management unit configured to manage first identification information used to identify a function used when the job is executed; and a determination unit configured to determine whether the first identification information about the executed job is the same as second identification information used to identify a function used when the first soft key displayed in the first display area is pressed, wherein in a case where the first soft key includes a custom button used to use the function on a basis of settings set by the user, the custom button is removed from determination made by the determination unit, and wherein the second soft key other than the custom button corresponding to the second identification information that is not the same as the first identification information is displayed in the second display area by the determination unit. 8. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the information processing apparatus is an image processing apparatus having at least one of a copy function and a scan function. 9. A method for controlling an information processing apparatus, the information processing apparatus displaying a first soft key in a first display area of a display screen of the information processing apparatus, displaying a second soft key in a second display area of the display screen, displaying a setting screen that contains, as initial settings, settings predetermined by a user as default settings if the first soft key is selected, and displaying a setting screen that contains, as initial settings, settings of a job executed by using one of a plurality of functions of the information processing apparatus if the second key is selected, the method comprising:
setting a display condition for displaying the second soft key in the second display area; and displaying, in the second display area, one of the second soft key for using a function that differs from a function available by selecting the first soft key and the second soft key for using a function that is the same as a function available by selecting the first soft key in accordance with the set display condition. 10. A non-transitory storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an information processing apparatus for displaying a first soft key in a first display area of a display screen and displaying a second soft key in a second display area of the display screen, where the information processing apparatus displays a setting screen that contains, as initial settings, settings predetermined by a user as default settings if the first soft key is selected, and displays a setting screen that contains, as initial settings, settings of a job executed by using one of a plurality of functions of the information processing apparatus if the second key is selected, cause the information processing apparatus to perform a method, the method comprising:
setting a display condition for displaying the second soft key in the second display area; and displaying, in the second display area of the display screen, one of the second soft key for use of a function that differs from a function available by selecting the first soft key and the second soft key for use of a function that is the same as a function available by selecting the first soft key, in accordance with the display condition set by the setting. | A first soft key for use of a function that differs from a function available by selecting a second soft key displayed in a second display area of an information processing apparatus or a first soft key for use of a function that is the same as a function available by selecting a second soft key displayed in the second display area is displayed in a first display area displayed together with the second display area in accordance with a display condition.1. An information processing apparatus, comprising:
a display unit configured to display a first soft key in a first display area of a display screen of the information processing apparatus, display a second soft key in a second display area of the display screen, display a setting screen that contains, as initial settings, settings predetermined by a user as default settings if the first soft key is selected by a user, and display a setting screen that contains, as initial settings, settings of a job executed by using one of a plurality of functions of the information processing apparatus if the second key is selected by the user; and a setting unit configured to set a display condition for displaying the second soft key in the second display area, wherein one of the second soft key for use of a function that differs from a function available by selecting the first soft key and the second soft key for use of a function that is the same as a function available by selecting the first soft key is displayed in the second display area, in accordance with the display condition set by the setting unit. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first soft key displayed in the first display area and the second soft key displayed in the second display area are changed by a page feed instruction generated by an user operation, and
wherein if the second soft key is hidden in accordance with the display condition set by the setting unit, one of a number keypad and a guide menu is displayed in the second display area. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein in a case where display information displayed in the first display area by selecting the first soft key includes a setting item changeable by the number keypad, the number keypad is displayed in the second display area, and
wherein in a case where the display information does not include the setting item, the guide menu relating to the display information is displayed in the second display area. 4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein when the second soft key is displayed in accordance with the display condition set by the setting unit, the display condition is displayed so as to be recognizable to the user. 5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the display condition is at least one of a condition to hide the second soft key, a condition to display the second soft key such that a function usable with the second soft key differs from a function usable with the first soft key displayed together with the second soft key, and a condition to display the second soft key such that a function usable with the second soft key is the same as a function usable with the first soft key displayed together with the second soft key. 6. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the information processing apparatus is capable of setting the initial display information that the information processing apparatus displays in the first display area immediately after the user logs in, and wherein the second soft key relating to the initial display information displayed in the first display area is displayed in the second display area in accordance with the display condition set by the setting unit, or the second soft key relating to the initial display information displayed in the first display area is not displayed. 7. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a management unit configured to manage first identification information used to identify a function used when the job is executed; and a determination unit configured to determine whether the first identification information about the executed job is the same as second identification information used to identify a function used when the first soft key displayed in the first display area is pressed, wherein in a case where the first soft key includes a custom button used to use the function on a basis of settings set by the user, the custom button is removed from determination made by the determination unit, and wherein the second soft key other than the custom button corresponding to the second identification information that is not the same as the first identification information is displayed in the second display area by the determination unit. 8. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the information processing apparatus is an image processing apparatus having at least one of a copy function and a scan function. 9. A method for controlling an information processing apparatus, the information processing apparatus displaying a first soft key in a first display area of a display screen of the information processing apparatus, displaying a second soft key in a second display area of the display screen, displaying a setting screen that contains, as initial settings, settings predetermined by a user as default settings if the first soft key is selected, and displaying a setting screen that contains, as initial settings, settings of a job executed by using one of a plurality of functions of the information processing apparatus if the second key is selected, the method comprising:
setting a display condition for displaying the second soft key in the second display area; and displaying, in the second display area, one of the second soft key for using a function that differs from a function available by selecting the first soft key and the second soft key for using a function that is the same as a function available by selecting the first soft key in accordance with the set display condition. 10. A non-transitory storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an information processing apparatus for displaying a first soft key in a first display area of a display screen and displaying a second soft key in a second display area of the display screen, where the information processing apparatus displays a setting screen that contains, as initial settings, settings predetermined by a user as default settings if the first soft key is selected, and displays a setting screen that contains, as initial settings, settings of a job executed by using one of a plurality of functions of the information processing apparatus if the second key is selected, cause the information processing apparatus to perform a method, the method comprising:
setting a display condition for displaying the second soft key in the second display area; and displaying, in the second display area of the display screen, one of the second soft key for use of a function that differs from a function available by selecting the first soft key and the second soft key for use of a function that is the same as a function available by selecting the first soft key, in accordance with the display condition set by the setting. | 2,800 |
349,197 | 16,806,762 | 3,692 | An electronic loan underwriting system includes a computer warehouse serving a webpage and containing loan stores each including lending criteria and loan products of a lender, and a processor coupled to the computer warehouse and the webpage and programmed to receive from a web browser of a computer user loan application information about a borrower applying for a loan and for each of the loan stores as the loan application information is being received by the processor both automatically a) compare the loan application information to the lending criteria and b) selectively post the loan products to the webpage on-the-go in real-time upon the loan application information corresponding to the lending criteria. | 1. An electronic loan underwriting system, comprising:
a computer warehouse serving a webpage and containing loan stores each including lending criteria and loan products of a lender; and a processor coupled to the computer warehouse and the webpage and programmed to receive from a web browser of a computer user loan application information about a borrower applying for a loan and for each said loan store as the loan application information is being received by the processor both automatically a) compare the loan application information to the lending criteria and b) selectively post the loan products to the webpage on-the-go in real-time upon the loan application information corresponding to the lending criteria. 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the processor is additionally programmed to receive from the web browser of the computer user a signal indicating activation of a loan select control of the webpage and associated with a selected loan product posted to the website, automatically link the selected loan product to an external link of the webpage, and receive from the web browser of the computer user a signal indicating activation of the external link constituting an acceptance by the borrower of the selected loan product. 3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the loan stores are different from one another. 4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the lending criteria comprise creditworthiness factors that bear on an extent to which the borrower is considered suitable to receive credit. 5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the loan products each comprise a loan amount, a term, and an interest rate. 6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the loan application information comprises an identification of the borrower, and creditworthiness data about the borrower. 7. The system according to claim 1, wherein the loan is to purchase a product for sale by a seller and pledged by the borrower as collateral for the loan via the webpage. 8. An electronic loan underwriting system, comprising:
a computer warehouse serving a webpage and containing loan stores each including lending criteria and loan products of a lender; a processor coupled to the computer warehouse and the webpage; and a computer readable storage medium that is not a signal storing computer executable instructions that when executed by the processor cause the processor to effectuate operations comprising receiving from a web browser of a computer user loan application information about a borrower applying for a loan and for each said loan store as the loan application information is being received by the processor both automatically a) comparing the loan application information to the lending criteria and b) selectively posting the loan products to the webpage on-the-go in real-time upon the loan application information corresponding to the lending criteria. 9. The system according to claim 8, the operations additionally comprising receiving from the web browser of the computer user a signal indicating activation of a loan select control of the webpage and associated with a selected loan product posted to the website, automatically linking the selected loan product to an external link of the webpage, and receiving from the web browser of the computer user a signal indicating activation of the external link constituting an acceptance by the borrower of the selected loan product. 10. The system according to claim 8, wherein the loan stores are different from one another. 11. The system according to claim 8, wherein the lending criteria comprise creditworthiness factors that bear on an extent to which the borrower is considered suitable to receive credit. 12. The system according to claim 8, wherein the loan products each comprise a loan amount, a term, and an interest rate. 13. The system according to claim 8, wherein the loan application information comprises an identification of the borrower, and creditworthiness data about the borrower. 14. The system according to claim 8, wherein the loan is to purchase a product for sale by a seller and pledged by the borrower as collateral for the loan via the webpage. 15. An electronic loan underwriting method, comprising:
establishing a computer warehouse serving a webpage and containing loan stores each including products and lending criteria of a lender, and a processor coupled to the computer warehouse and the webpage; and the processor receiving from a web browser of a computer user loan application information about a borrower applying for a loan and for each said loan store as the loan application information is being received by the processor both automatically a) comparing the loan application information to the lending criteria and b) selectively posting the loan products to the webpage on-the-go in real-time upon the loan application information corresponding to the lending criteria. 16. The method according to claim 15, the operations additionally comprising receiving from the web browser of the computer user a signal indicating activation of a loan select control of the webpage and associated with a selected loan product posted to the posting section, automatically linking the selected loan product to an external link of the webpage, and receiving from the web browser of the computer user a signal indicating activation of the external link constituting an acceptance by the borrower of the selected loan product. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein the loan stores are different from one another. 18. The method according to claim 15, wherein the lending criteria comprise creditworthiness factors that bear on an extent to which the borrower is considered suitable to receive credit. 19. The method according to claim 15, wherein the loan products each comprise a loan amount, a term, and an interest rate. 20. The method according to claim 15, wherein the loan application information comprises an identification of the borrower, and creditworthiness data about the borrower. 21. The method according to claim 15, wherein the loan is to purchase a product for sale by a seller and pledged by the borrower as collateral for the loan via the webpage. | An electronic loan underwriting system includes a computer warehouse serving a webpage and containing loan stores each including lending criteria and loan products of a lender, and a processor coupled to the computer warehouse and the webpage and programmed to receive from a web browser of a computer user loan application information about a borrower applying for a loan and for each of the loan stores as the loan application information is being received by the processor both automatically a) compare the loan application information to the lending criteria and b) selectively post the loan products to the webpage on-the-go in real-time upon the loan application information corresponding to the lending criteria.1. An electronic loan underwriting system, comprising:
a computer warehouse serving a webpage and containing loan stores each including lending criteria and loan products of a lender; and a processor coupled to the computer warehouse and the webpage and programmed to receive from a web browser of a computer user loan application information about a borrower applying for a loan and for each said loan store as the loan application information is being received by the processor both automatically a) compare the loan application information to the lending criteria and b) selectively post the loan products to the webpage on-the-go in real-time upon the loan application information corresponding to the lending criteria. 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the processor is additionally programmed to receive from the web browser of the computer user a signal indicating activation of a loan select control of the webpage and associated with a selected loan product posted to the website, automatically link the selected loan product to an external link of the webpage, and receive from the web browser of the computer user a signal indicating activation of the external link constituting an acceptance by the borrower of the selected loan product. 3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the loan stores are different from one another. 4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the lending criteria comprise creditworthiness factors that bear on an extent to which the borrower is considered suitable to receive credit. 5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the loan products each comprise a loan amount, a term, and an interest rate. 6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the loan application information comprises an identification of the borrower, and creditworthiness data about the borrower. 7. The system according to claim 1, wherein the loan is to purchase a product for sale by a seller and pledged by the borrower as collateral for the loan via the webpage. 8. An electronic loan underwriting system, comprising:
a computer warehouse serving a webpage and containing loan stores each including lending criteria and loan products of a lender; a processor coupled to the computer warehouse and the webpage; and a computer readable storage medium that is not a signal storing computer executable instructions that when executed by the processor cause the processor to effectuate operations comprising receiving from a web browser of a computer user loan application information about a borrower applying for a loan and for each said loan store as the loan application information is being received by the processor both automatically a) comparing the loan application information to the lending criteria and b) selectively posting the loan products to the webpage on-the-go in real-time upon the loan application information corresponding to the lending criteria. 9. The system according to claim 8, the operations additionally comprising receiving from the web browser of the computer user a signal indicating activation of a loan select control of the webpage and associated with a selected loan product posted to the website, automatically linking the selected loan product to an external link of the webpage, and receiving from the web browser of the computer user a signal indicating activation of the external link constituting an acceptance by the borrower of the selected loan product. 10. The system according to claim 8, wherein the loan stores are different from one another. 11. The system according to claim 8, wherein the lending criteria comprise creditworthiness factors that bear on an extent to which the borrower is considered suitable to receive credit. 12. The system according to claim 8, wherein the loan products each comprise a loan amount, a term, and an interest rate. 13. The system according to claim 8, wherein the loan application information comprises an identification of the borrower, and creditworthiness data about the borrower. 14. The system according to claim 8, wherein the loan is to purchase a product for sale by a seller and pledged by the borrower as collateral for the loan via the webpage. 15. An electronic loan underwriting method, comprising:
establishing a computer warehouse serving a webpage and containing loan stores each including products and lending criteria of a lender, and a processor coupled to the computer warehouse and the webpage; and the processor receiving from a web browser of a computer user loan application information about a borrower applying for a loan and for each said loan store as the loan application information is being received by the processor both automatically a) comparing the loan application information to the lending criteria and b) selectively posting the loan products to the webpage on-the-go in real-time upon the loan application information corresponding to the lending criteria. 16. The method according to claim 15, the operations additionally comprising receiving from the web browser of the computer user a signal indicating activation of a loan select control of the webpage and associated with a selected loan product posted to the posting section, automatically linking the selected loan product to an external link of the webpage, and receiving from the web browser of the computer user a signal indicating activation of the external link constituting an acceptance by the borrower of the selected loan product. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein the loan stores are different from one another. 18. The method according to claim 15, wherein the lending criteria comprise creditworthiness factors that bear on an extent to which the borrower is considered suitable to receive credit. 19. The method according to claim 15, wherein the loan products each comprise a loan amount, a term, and an interest rate. 20. The method according to claim 15, wherein the loan application information comprises an identification of the borrower, and creditworthiness data about the borrower. 21. The method according to claim 15, wherein the loan is to purchase a product for sale by a seller and pledged by the borrower as collateral for the loan via the webpage. | 3,600 |
349,198 | 16,806,728 | 3,692 | The present disclosure provides recombinant microorganisms and methods for the production of 4-HMF, 2,4-furandimethanol, furan-2,4-dicarbaldehyde, 4-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid, 2-formylfuran-4-carboxylate, 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate, and/or 2,4-FDCA from a carbon source. The method provides for engineered microorganisms that express endogenous and/or exogenous nucleic acid molecules that catalyze the conversion of a carbon source into 4-HMF, 2,4-furandimethanol, furan-2,4-dicarbaldehyde, 4-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid, 2-formylfuran-4-carboxylate, 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate, and/or 2,4-FDCA. The disclosure further provides methods of producing polymers derived from 4-HMF, 2,4-furandimethanol, furan-2,4-dicarbaldehyde, 4-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid, 2-formylfuran-4-carboxylate, 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate, and/or 2,4-FDCA. | 1.-75. (canceled) 76. A recombinant microorganism capable of producing 2,4-furandicarboxylic acid (2,4-FDCA) from a feedstock comprising a carbon source, wherein the recombinant microorganism expresses the following:
(a) endogenous or exogenous nucleic acid molecules capable of converting a carbon source to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P); (b) at least one endogenous or exogenous nucleic acid molecule encoding a (5-formylfuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate synthase that catalyzes the conversion of G3P from (a) to (5-formylfuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate; (c) at least one endogenous or exogenous nucleic acid molecule encoding a phosphatase that catalyzes the conversion of (5-formylfuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate from (b) to 4-hydroxymethylfurfural (4-HMF); and (d) at least one endogenous or exogenous nucleic acid molecule encoding a peroxigenase, dehydrogenase, or a oxidase that catalyzes independently or in synergy the oxidation of 4-HMF from (c) to 2,4 FDCA, directly or through the production of intermediates furan-2,4-dicarbaldehyde, 4-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid, 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate, 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate, 2-formylfuran-4-carboxylate. 77. The recombinant microorganism of claim 76, wherein the carbon source comprises a hexose, a pentose, glycerol, CO2, sucroses or combinations thereof. 78. The recombinant microorganism of claim 76, wherein the synthase is (5-formylfuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate synthase. 79. The recombinant microorganism of claim 76, wherein the phosphatase is endogenous to the host. 80. The recombinant microorganism of claim 79, wherein phosphatase endogenous to the host is overexpressed. 81. The recombinant microorganism of claim 76, wherein the dehydrogenase is an alcohol dehydrogenase or an aldehyde dehydrogenase. 82. The recombinant microorganism of claim 81, wherein the aldehyde dehydrogenase or alcohol dehydrogenase catalyze in synergy the oxidation of 4-HMF to 2,4 FDCA, directly or through the production of any of the intermediates furan-2,4-dicarbaldehyde, 4-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid, 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate, 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate, or 2-formyl furan-4-carboxylate. 83. The method of claim 76, wherein the (5-formylfuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate synthase comprises an amino acid sequence comprising SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 7, or SEQ ID NO: 14. 84. The method of claim 76, wherein the phosphatase is encoded by an amino acid sequence comprising SEQ ID NO: 28, any one of SEQ ID NOs 40-52, or any one of SEQ ID NOs 53-68. 85. The method of claim 76, wherein the oxidase comprises an amino acid sequence comprising SEQ ID NO: 85 or SEQ ID NO: 86. 86. The method of claim 76, wherein the oxidase is 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural oxidase. 87. The recombinant microorganism of claim 76, wherein the 2,4-FDCA is produced from furan-2,4-dicarbaldehyde, or 4-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid intermediates, wherein:
(a) a dehydrogenase, an oxidase, or a peroxigenase catalyzes the conversion of the 4-HMF to furan-2,4-dicarbaldehyde, or 4-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid; and/or (b) a dehydrogenase, an oxidase, or a peroxigenase catalyzes the conversion of the furan-2,4-dicarbaldehyde from (a) to 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate; or (c) a dehydrogenase, an oxidase, or a peroxigenase catalyzes the conversion of the 4-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid to 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate; or (d) a dehydrogenase, an oxidase, or a peroxigenase catalyzes the conversion of the furan-2,4-dicarbaldehyde from (b to 2-formylfuran-4-carboxylate; or (e) a dehydrogenase, an oxidase, or a peroxigenase catalyzes the conversion of the 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate from (b) or (c) or the 2-formylfuran-4-carboxylate from (d) to 2,4-FDCA. 88. The recombinant microorganism of claim 76, wherein the one or more recombinant microorganisms are derived from a parental microorganism selected from the group consisting of Clostridium sp., Clostridium ljungdahlii, Clostridium autoethanogenum, Clostridium ragsdalei, Eubacterium limosum, Butyribacterium methylotrophicum, Moorella thermoacetica, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Clostridium aceticum, Acetobacterium woodii, Alkalibaculum bacchii, Clostridium drakei, Clostridium carboxidivorans, Clostridium formicoaceticum, Clostridium scatologenes, Moorella thermoautotrophica, Acetonema longum, Blautia producta, Clostridium glycolicum, Clostridium magnum, Candida krusei, Clostridium mayombei, Clostridium methoxybenzovorans, Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium beijerinckii, Oxobacter pfennigii, Thermoanaerobacter kivui, Sporomusa ovata, Thermoacetogenium phaeum, Acetobacterium carbinolicum, Issatchenkia orientalis, Sporomusa termitida, Moorella glycerini, Eubacterium aggregans, Treponema azotonutricium, Pichia kudriavzevii, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus sp, Corynebacterium sp., Yarrowia lipolytica, Scheffersomyces stipitis, and Terrisporobacter glycolicus. 89. A method of producing 2,4-FDCA using a recombinant microorganism of claim 76, the method comprising cultivating the recombinant microorganism in a culture medium containing a feedstock providing a carbon source until the 2,4-FDCA is produced. 90. A polymer produced from the 2,4-FDCA of claim 76. 91. The polymer of claim 90, wherein the polymer from 2,4-FDCA is formed in a non-biological process. 92. A method of producing 2,4-furandicarboxylic acid (2,4-FDCA) by enzymatically converting glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) to 2,4-furandicarboxylic acid (2,4-FDCA), the method comprising:
(a) providing G3P in the presence of a methyl phosphate synthase that catalyzes the conversion of G3P to (5-formylfuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate; (b) providing the (5-formylfuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate from (a) a phosphatase that catalyzes the conversion of the (5-formylfuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate to 4-hydroxymethylfurfural (4-HMF); (c) providing the 4-HMF from (b) to dehydrogenases or oxidases that catalyzes independently or in synergy the oxidation of 4-HMF from (b) to 2,4 FDCA, directly or through the production of intermediates furan-2,4-dicarbaldehyde, 4-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid, 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate, 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate, 2-formylfuran-4-carboxylate. 93. A method of producing a recombinant microorganism capable of producing 2,4-FDCA from a feedstock comprising a carbon source, the method comprising introducing into or overexpressing in the recombinant microorganism the following:
(a) endogenous or exogenous nucleic acid molecules capable of converting glycerol or a monosaccharide to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P); (b) at least one endogenous or exogenous nucleic acid molecule encoding a (5-formylfuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate synthase that catalyzes the conversion of G3P from (a) to (5-formylfuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate; (c) at least one endogenous or exogenous nucleic acid molecule encoding a phosphatase that catalyzes the conversion of (5-formylfuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate from (b) to 4-hydroxymethylfurfural (4-HMF); (d) at least one endogenous or exogenous nucleic acid molecule encoding a peroxigenase, dehydrogenase, or a oxidase that catalyzes independently or in synergy the oxidation of 4-HMF from (c) to 2,4 FDCA, directly or through the production of intermediates furan-2,4-dicarbaldehyde, 4-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid, 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate, 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate, 2-formylfuran-4-carboxylate. | The present disclosure provides recombinant microorganisms and methods for the production of 4-HMF, 2,4-furandimethanol, furan-2,4-dicarbaldehyde, 4-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid, 2-formylfuran-4-carboxylate, 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate, and/or 2,4-FDCA from a carbon source. The method provides for engineered microorganisms that express endogenous and/or exogenous nucleic acid molecules that catalyze the conversion of a carbon source into 4-HMF, 2,4-furandimethanol, furan-2,4-dicarbaldehyde, 4-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid, 2-formylfuran-4-carboxylate, 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate, and/or 2,4-FDCA. The disclosure further provides methods of producing polymers derived from 4-HMF, 2,4-furandimethanol, furan-2,4-dicarbaldehyde, 4-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid, 2-formylfuran-4-carboxylate, 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate, and/or 2,4-FDCA.1.-75. (canceled) 76. A recombinant microorganism capable of producing 2,4-furandicarboxylic acid (2,4-FDCA) from a feedstock comprising a carbon source, wherein the recombinant microorganism expresses the following:
(a) endogenous or exogenous nucleic acid molecules capable of converting a carbon source to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P); (b) at least one endogenous or exogenous nucleic acid molecule encoding a (5-formylfuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate synthase that catalyzes the conversion of G3P from (a) to (5-formylfuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate; (c) at least one endogenous or exogenous nucleic acid molecule encoding a phosphatase that catalyzes the conversion of (5-formylfuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate from (b) to 4-hydroxymethylfurfural (4-HMF); and (d) at least one endogenous or exogenous nucleic acid molecule encoding a peroxigenase, dehydrogenase, or a oxidase that catalyzes independently or in synergy the oxidation of 4-HMF from (c) to 2,4 FDCA, directly or through the production of intermediates furan-2,4-dicarbaldehyde, 4-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid, 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate, 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate, 2-formylfuran-4-carboxylate. 77. The recombinant microorganism of claim 76, wherein the carbon source comprises a hexose, a pentose, glycerol, CO2, sucroses or combinations thereof. 78. The recombinant microorganism of claim 76, wherein the synthase is (5-formylfuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate synthase. 79. The recombinant microorganism of claim 76, wherein the phosphatase is endogenous to the host. 80. The recombinant microorganism of claim 79, wherein phosphatase endogenous to the host is overexpressed. 81. The recombinant microorganism of claim 76, wherein the dehydrogenase is an alcohol dehydrogenase or an aldehyde dehydrogenase. 82. The recombinant microorganism of claim 81, wherein the aldehyde dehydrogenase or alcohol dehydrogenase catalyze in synergy the oxidation of 4-HMF to 2,4 FDCA, directly or through the production of any of the intermediates furan-2,4-dicarbaldehyde, 4-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid, 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate, 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate, or 2-formyl furan-4-carboxylate. 83. The method of claim 76, wherein the (5-formylfuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate synthase comprises an amino acid sequence comprising SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 7, or SEQ ID NO: 14. 84. The method of claim 76, wherein the phosphatase is encoded by an amino acid sequence comprising SEQ ID NO: 28, any one of SEQ ID NOs 40-52, or any one of SEQ ID NOs 53-68. 85. The method of claim 76, wherein the oxidase comprises an amino acid sequence comprising SEQ ID NO: 85 or SEQ ID NO: 86. 86. The method of claim 76, wherein the oxidase is 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural oxidase. 87. The recombinant microorganism of claim 76, wherein the 2,4-FDCA is produced from furan-2,4-dicarbaldehyde, or 4-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid intermediates, wherein:
(a) a dehydrogenase, an oxidase, or a peroxigenase catalyzes the conversion of the 4-HMF to furan-2,4-dicarbaldehyde, or 4-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid; and/or (b) a dehydrogenase, an oxidase, or a peroxigenase catalyzes the conversion of the furan-2,4-dicarbaldehyde from (a) to 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate; or (c) a dehydrogenase, an oxidase, or a peroxigenase catalyzes the conversion of the 4-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid to 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate; or (d) a dehydrogenase, an oxidase, or a peroxigenase catalyzes the conversion of the furan-2,4-dicarbaldehyde from (b to 2-formylfuran-4-carboxylate; or (e) a dehydrogenase, an oxidase, or a peroxigenase catalyzes the conversion of the 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate from (b) or (c) or the 2-formylfuran-4-carboxylate from (d) to 2,4-FDCA. 88. The recombinant microorganism of claim 76, wherein the one or more recombinant microorganisms are derived from a parental microorganism selected from the group consisting of Clostridium sp., Clostridium ljungdahlii, Clostridium autoethanogenum, Clostridium ragsdalei, Eubacterium limosum, Butyribacterium methylotrophicum, Moorella thermoacetica, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Clostridium aceticum, Acetobacterium woodii, Alkalibaculum bacchii, Clostridium drakei, Clostridium carboxidivorans, Clostridium formicoaceticum, Clostridium scatologenes, Moorella thermoautotrophica, Acetonema longum, Blautia producta, Clostridium glycolicum, Clostridium magnum, Candida krusei, Clostridium mayombei, Clostridium methoxybenzovorans, Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium beijerinckii, Oxobacter pfennigii, Thermoanaerobacter kivui, Sporomusa ovata, Thermoacetogenium phaeum, Acetobacterium carbinolicum, Issatchenkia orientalis, Sporomusa termitida, Moorella glycerini, Eubacterium aggregans, Treponema azotonutricium, Pichia kudriavzevii, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus sp, Corynebacterium sp., Yarrowia lipolytica, Scheffersomyces stipitis, and Terrisporobacter glycolicus. 89. A method of producing 2,4-FDCA using a recombinant microorganism of claim 76, the method comprising cultivating the recombinant microorganism in a culture medium containing a feedstock providing a carbon source until the 2,4-FDCA is produced. 90. A polymer produced from the 2,4-FDCA of claim 76. 91. The polymer of claim 90, wherein the polymer from 2,4-FDCA is formed in a non-biological process. 92. A method of producing 2,4-furandicarboxylic acid (2,4-FDCA) by enzymatically converting glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) to 2,4-furandicarboxylic acid (2,4-FDCA), the method comprising:
(a) providing G3P in the presence of a methyl phosphate synthase that catalyzes the conversion of G3P to (5-formylfuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate; (b) providing the (5-formylfuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate from (a) a phosphatase that catalyzes the conversion of the (5-formylfuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate to 4-hydroxymethylfurfural (4-HMF); (c) providing the 4-HMF from (b) to dehydrogenases or oxidases that catalyzes independently or in synergy the oxidation of 4-HMF from (b) to 2,4 FDCA, directly or through the production of intermediates furan-2,4-dicarbaldehyde, 4-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid, 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate, 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate, 2-formylfuran-4-carboxylate. 93. A method of producing a recombinant microorganism capable of producing 2,4-FDCA from a feedstock comprising a carbon source, the method comprising introducing into or overexpressing in the recombinant microorganism the following:
(a) endogenous or exogenous nucleic acid molecules capable of converting glycerol or a monosaccharide to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P); (b) at least one endogenous or exogenous nucleic acid molecule encoding a (5-formylfuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate synthase that catalyzes the conversion of G3P from (a) to (5-formylfuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate; (c) at least one endogenous or exogenous nucleic acid molecule encoding a phosphatase that catalyzes the conversion of (5-formylfuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate from (b) to 4-hydroxymethylfurfural (4-HMF); (d) at least one endogenous or exogenous nucleic acid molecule encoding a peroxigenase, dehydrogenase, or a oxidase that catalyzes independently or in synergy the oxidation of 4-HMF from (c) to 2,4 FDCA, directly or through the production of intermediates furan-2,4-dicarbaldehyde, 4-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid, 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate, 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate, 2-formylfuran-4-carboxylate. | 3,600 |
349,199 | 16,806,757 | 3,692 | Infusion connection lines for use in infusion sets are provided. The infusion connection line includes a pump infusion tube having connectors at both ends and an indicator element for showing the installation direction within an infusion pump is disposed between the connectors. The infusion connection line is configured to connect a gravity IV set to any type of infusion pump while improving the pump infusion accuracy and minimizing tube leakage or breakage over directly connecting the gravity IV set to the infusion pump. The infusion connection line may be disconnected and disposed of after use without requiring disposal of the rest of the pump IV infusion set and/or components. | 1. An infusion connection line, comprising:
a pump infusion tube; a first connector coupled to a first end of the pump infusion tube; a second connector coupled to a second end of the pump infusion tube; and an indicator element disposed between the first and second connectors, wherein a portion of the pump infusion tube is configured to be disposed within an infusion pump, the infusion pump being any of a plurality of types of infusion pumps used in the health care industry, and wherein the infusion connection line is configured to couple a gravity intravenous (IV) infusion set to the infusion pump. 2. The infusion connection line of claim 1, wherein the first connector is a female luer connector. 3. The infusion connection line of claim 2, wherein the first connector is coupled to a first connector cap. 4. The infusion connection line of claim 2, wherein the first connector is coupled to a female stop cock assembly. 5. The infusion connection line of claim 2, wherein the first connector is coupled to a male stop cock assembly. 6. The infusion connection line of claim 2, wherein the first connector is coupled to a needle free connector. 7. The infusion connection line of claim 2, wherein the first connector is coupled to the gravity IV infusion set. 8. The infusion connection line of claim 1, wherein the second connector is a male luer connector. 9. The infusion connection line of claim 8, wherein the second connector is coupled to a second connector cap. 10. The infusion connection line of claim 8, wherein the second connector is coupled to an extension infusion line, the extension infusion line configured to deliver a fluid from the infusion pump to a receiving entity. 11. The infusion connection line of claim 1, wherein the pump infusion tube has a wall thickness of 0.45 mm to 0.65 mm. 12. The infusion connection line of claim 1, wherein the pump infusion tube has a length of 300 mm to 400 mm. 13. The infusion connection line of claim 1, wherein the pump infusion tube is formed of a high elasticity material comprising one of silicone and thermoplastic polyurethane. 14. An infusion set, comprising:
an infusion connection line, comprising:
a pump infusion tube;
a female luer connector disposed on a first end of the pump infusion tube;
a male connector disposed on a second end of the pump infusion tube; and
an indicator element disposed on the pump infusion tube between the female and male connectors; and
a gravity intravenous (IV) set coupled to the pump infusion tube, wherein a portion of the infusion connection line is configured to be disposed within an infusion pump, the infusion pump being any of a plurality of types of infusion pumps used in the health care industry. 15. The infusion set of claim 14, further comprising a female stop cock assembly coupled to the female luer connector of the pump infusion tube, wherein the gravity IV set is coupled to the female stop cock assembly. 16. The infusion set of claim 14, further comprising a male stop cock assembly coupled to the female luer connector of the pump infusion tube, wherein the gravity IV set is coupled to the male stop cock assembly. 17. The infusion set of claim 14, further comprising a needleless connector coupled to the female luer connector of the pump infusion tube, wherein the gravity IV set is coupled to the needleless connector. 18. The infusion set of claim 14, further comprising an extension infusion line coupled to the male connector of the pump infusion tube, the extension infusion line configured to deliver a fluid from the infusion pump to a receiving entity. 19. The infusion set of claim 14, wherein the pump infusion tube has a wall thickness of 0.45 mm to 0.65 mm, and wherein the pump infusion tube has a length of 300 mm to 400 mm. 20. The infusion set of claim 14, wherein the pump infusion tube is formed of a high elasticity material comprising one of silicone and thermoplastic polyurethane. | Infusion connection lines for use in infusion sets are provided. The infusion connection line includes a pump infusion tube having connectors at both ends and an indicator element for showing the installation direction within an infusion pump is disposed between the connectors. The infusion connection line is configured to connect a gravity IV set to any type of infusion pump while improving the pump infusion accuracy and minimizing tube leakage or breakage over directly connecting the gravity IV set to the infusion pump. The infusion connection line may be disconnected and disposed of after use without requiring disposal of the rest of the pump IV infusion set and/or components.1. An infusion connection line, comprising:
a pump infusion tube; a first connector coupled to a first end of the pump infusion tube; a second connector coupled to a second end of the pump infusion tube; and an indicator element disposed between the first and second connectors, wherein a portion of the pump infusion tube is configured to be disposed within an infusion pump, the infusion pump being any of a plurality of types of infusion pumps used in the health care industry, and wherein the infusion connection line is configured to couple a gravity intravenous (IV) infusion set to the infusion pump. 2. The infusion connection line of claim 1, wherein the first connector is a female luer connector. 3. The infusion connection line of claim 2, wherein the first connector is coupled to a first connector cap. 4. The infusion connection line of claim 2, wherein the first connector is coupled to a female stop cock assembly. 5. The infusion connection line of claim 2, wherein the first connector is coupled to a male stop cock assembly. 6. The infusion connection line of claim 2, wherein the first connector is coupled to a needle free connector. 7. The infusion connection line of claim 2, wherein the first connector is coupled to the gravity IV infusion set. 8. The infusion connection line of claim 1, wherein the second connector is a male luer connector. 9. The infusion connection line of claim 8, wherein the second connector is coupled to a second connector cap. 10. The infusion connection line of claim 8, wherein the second connector is coupled to an extension infusion line, the extension infusion line configured to deliver a fluid from the infusion pump to a receiving entity. 11. The infusion connection line of claim 1, wherein the pump infusion tube has a wall thickness of 0.45 mm to 0.65 mm. 12. The infusion connection line of claim 1, wherein the pump infusion tube has a length of 300 mm to 400 mm. 13. The infusion connection line of claim 1, wherein the pump infusion tube is formed of a high elasticity material comprising one of silicone and thermoplastic polyurethane. 14. An infusion set, comprising:
an infusion connection line, comprising:
a pump infusion tube;
a female luer connector disposed on a first end of the pump infusion tube;
a male connector disposed on a second end of the pump infusion tube; and
an indicator element disposed on the pump infusion tube between the female and male connectors; and
a gravity intravenous (IV) set coupled to the pump infusion tube, wherein a portion of the infusion connection line is configured to be disposed within an infusion pump, the infusion pump being any of a plurality of types of infusion pumps used in the health care industry. 15. The infusion set of claim 14, further comprising a female stop cock assembly coupled to the female luer connector of the pump infusion tube, wherein the gravity IV set is coupled to the female stop cock assembly. 16. The infusion set of claim 14, further comprising a male stop cock assembly coupled to the female luer connector of the pump infusion tube, wherein the gravity IV set is coupled to the male stop cock assembly. 17. The infusion set of claim 14, further comprising a needleless connector coupled to the female luer connector of the pump infusion tube, wherein the gravity IV set is coupled to the needleless connector. 18. The infusion set of claim 14, further comprising an extension infusion line coupled to the male connector of the pump infusion tube, the extension infusion line configured to deliver a fluid from the infusion pump to a receiving entity. 19. The infusion set of claim 14, wherein the pump infusion tube has a wall thickness of 0.45 mm to 0.65 mm, and wherein the pump infusion tube has a length of 300 mm to 400 mm. 20. The infusion set of claim 14, wherein the pump infusion tube is formed of a high elasticity material comprising one of silicone and thermoplastic polyurethane. | 3,600 |
Subsets and Splits