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349,200 | 16,806,761 | 3,692 | The invention is a novel MECP2E1 splice variant and its corresponding polypeptide. The invention also includes methods of using these nucleic acid sequences and proteins in medical diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders or development disorders. | 1-14. (canceled) 15. A method of preparing an MECP2 amplified fraction from a subject useful for analyzing an MECP2E1 gene involved in neuropsychiatric or developmental disorder, comprising:
(a) extracting nucleic acids comprising an MECP2E1 gene from a sample from the subject; (b) producing an MECP2E1 amplified fraction of the nucleic acids extracted in (a) by contacting the nucleic acids extracted in (a) with primers to amplify the MECP2E1 gene, wherein the MECP2E1 amplified fraction comprises MECP2E1 amplified products; and (c) analyzing the MECP2E1 amplified fraction produced in (b). 16. The method of claim 15, wherein step (c) comprises detecting a mutation within exon 1, or in the intron-exon boundary immediately adjacent to exon 1, of a nucleic acid sequence encoding an MeCP2E1 protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein mutation is selected from the group consisting of:
(1) a deletion of 11 consecutive base pairs in nucleotides 38 to 54 of SEQ ID NO: 1, the deletion causing a truncation of the MeCP2E1 protein of SEQ ID NO: 4 after amino acid 36; (2) a deletion consisting of nucleotides 1-69 of exon 1 of SEQ ID NO: 1; (3) an adenine to thymine change at nucleotide position 8 of SEQ ID NO: 1; (4) a deletion of a T, G or TG between nucleotide positions 69-71 of SEQ ID NO: 1; (5) a deletion of a T, G or TG between nucleotide positions 70-71 of SEQ ID NO: 1; (6) a deletion of the nucleotide sequence GC at nucleotides β38 and β39 upstream of the position corresponding to nucleotide 1 of SEQ ID NO: 1; (7) a deletion of the nucleotide sequence AG at nucleotides β19 and β20 upstream of the position corresponding to nucleotide 1 of SEQ ID NO: 1; (8) a deletion of 11 consecutive base pairs in nucleotides 38 to 54 of SEQ ID NO: 1, the deletion causing a truncation of the MeCP2E1 protein of SEQ ID NO: 4 after amino acid 36; and (9) an adenine to thymine mutation at the nucleotide position corresponding to position 8 of SEQ ID NO: 1. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the sample from the subject is a selected from blood, urine, serum, tears, saliva, and feces. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein step (c) comprises sequencing the MECP2 amplified products. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein step (b) comprises PCR, rtPCR, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), ligase chain reaction, or NASBA. 21. The method of claim 15, wherein the neuropsychiatric or developmental disorder is selected from autism, autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, Angelman syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, encephalopathy, schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ataxia, and mental retardation. 22. A method of detecting a mutation in the human MECP2 gene, comprising: (a) contacting an MECP2 nucleic acid in a human sample with a labeled oligonucleotide that hybridizes under stringent conditions to the sequence portion within the MECP2 nucleic acid comprising the mutation; and (b) detecting the hybridization of the labeled oligonucleotide with the MECP2 nucleic acid under stringent hybridization conditions, wherein detection of hybridization indicates that the mutation is present in the MECP2 nucleic acid; wherein the mutation is selected from the group consisting of: (i) a deletion of the nucleotide sequence GC at nucleotides β38 and β39 upstream of a position corresponding to nucleotide 1 of SEQ ID NO. 1; and (ii) a deletion of the nucleotide sequence AG at nucleotides β19 and β20 upstream of a position corresponding to nucleotide 1 of SEQ ID NO. 1. 23. A method of detecting the presence of a mutation or deletion in a nucleic acid molecule encoding the MeCP2E1 protein comprising: a) analyzing a test sample containing a nucleic acid sequence encoding the MeCP2E1 protein consisting of SEQ ID NO.: 4 for a mutation or deletion within exon 1, or in the intron-exon boundary immediately adjacent to exon 1, of the nucleic acid sequence; and b) comparing the results of the analysis of the test sample with the results of analysis of a control sample, wherein the control sample comprises the nucleic acid encoding the MeCP2E1 protein consisting of SEQ ID NO.: 4 without a mutation or deletion within exon 1, or in the intron-exon boundary immediately adjacent to exon 1. | The invention is a novel MECP2E1 splice variant and its corresponding polypeptide. The invention also includes methods of using these nucleic acid sequences and proteins in medical diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders or development disorders.1-14. (canceled) 15. A method of preparing an MECP2 amplified fraction from a subject useful for analyzing an MECP2E1 gene involved in neuropsychiatric or developmental disorder, comprising:
(a) extracting nucleic acids comprising an MECP2E1 gene from a sample from the subject; (b) producing an MECP2E1 amplified fraction of the nucleic acids extracted in (a) by contacting the nucleic acids extracted in (a) with primers to amplify the MECP2E1 gene, wherein the MECP2E1 amplified fraction comprises MECP2E1 amplified products; and (c) analyzing the MECP2E1 amplified fraction produced in (b). 16. The method of claim 15, wherein step (c) comprises detecting a mutation within exon 1, or in the intron-exon boundary immediately adjacent to exon 1, of a nucleic acid sequence encoding an MeCP2E1 protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein mutation is selected from the group consisting of:
(1) a deletion of 11 consecutive base pairs in nucleotides 38 to 54 of SEQ ID NO: 1, the deletion causing a truncation of the MeCP2E1 protein of SEQ ID NO: 4 after amino acid 36; (2) a deletion consisting of nucleotides 1-69 of exon 1 of SEQ ID NO: 1; (3) an adenine to thymine change at nucleotide position 8 of SEQ ID NO: 1; (4) a deletion of a T, G or TG between nucleotide positions 69-71 of SEQ ID NO: 1; (5) a deletion of a T, G or TG between nucleotide positions 70-71 of SEQ ID NO: 1; (6) a deletion of the nucleotide sequence GC at nucleotides β38 and β39 upstream of the position corresponding to nucleotide 1 of SEQ ID NO: 1; (7) a deletion of the nucleotide sequence AG at nucleotides β19 and β20 upstream of the position corresponding to nucleotide 1 of SEQ ID NO: 1; (8) a deletion of 11 consecutive base pairs in nucleotides 38 to 54 of SEQ ID NO: 1, the deletion causing a truncation of the MeCP2E1 protein of SEQ ID NO: 4 after amino acid 36; and (9) an adenine to thymine mutation at the nucleotide position corresponding to position 8 of SEQ ID NO: 1. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the sample from the subject is a selected from blood, urine, serum, tears, saliva, and feces. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein step (c) comprises sequencing the MECP2 amplified products. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein step (b) comprises PCR, rtPCR, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), ligase chain reaction, or NASBA. 21. The method of claim 15, wherein the neuropsychiatric or developmental disorder is selected from autism, autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, Angelman syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, encephalopathy, schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ataxia, and mental retardation. 22. A method of detecting a mutation in the human MECP2 gene, comprising: (a) contacting an MECP2 nucleic acid in a human sample with a labeled oligonucleotide that hybridizes under stringent conditions to the sequence portion within the MECP2 nucleic acid comprising the mutation; and (b) detecting the hybridization of the labeled oligonucleotide with the MECP2 nucleic acid under stringent hybridization conditions, wherein detection of hybridization indicates that the mutation is present in the MECP2 nucleic acid; wherein the mutation is selected from the group consisting of: (i) a deletion of the nucleotide sequence GC at nucleotides β38 and β39 upstream of a position corresponding to nucleotide 1 of SEQ ID NO. 1; and (ii) a deletion of the nucleotide sequence AG at nucleotides β19 and β20 upstream of a position corresponding to nucleotide 1 of SEQ ID NO. 1. 23. A method of detecting the presence of a mutation or deletion in a nucleic acid molecule encoding the MeCP2E1 protein comprising: a) analyzing a test sample containing a nucleic acid sequence encoding the MeCP2E1 protein consisting of SEQ ID NO.: 4 for a mutation or deletion within exon 1, or in the intron-exon boundary immediately adjacent to exon 1, of the nucleic acid sequence; and b) comparing the results of the analysis of the test sample with the results of analysis of a control sample, wherein the control sample comprises the nucleic acid encoding the MeCP2E1 protein consisting of SEQ ID NO.: 4 without a mutation or deletion within exon 1, or in the intron-exon boundary immediately adjacent to exon 1. | 3,600 |
349,201 | 16,806,769 | 3,692 | This application discloses a correction and testing system, comprising a first phased array, a second phased array, and a test instrument, wherein the first phased array comprises a first radio frequency RF channel, the test instrument is configured to: determine, based on a coupling signal, an amplitude deviation value and a phase deviation value that correspond to the first RF channel; if the amplitude deviation value and the phase deviation value satisfy a preset error correction condition, correct an amplitude coefficient and a phase coefficient that correspond to the first RF channel to obtain a target amplitude coefficient and a target phase coefficient; and measure performance indicator parameters of the first phased array by using the target amplitude coefficient and the target phase coefficient. The correction and testing system can improve test efficiency, reducing a floor area, and lowering costs. | 1. A correction and testing system, comprising:
a first phased array having a first radio frequency (RF) channel, wherein the first phased array is a to-be-tested phased array, a second phased array having a second RF channel, wherein a topology of the first RF channel has a mirror symmetry relationship with a topology of the second RF channel, wherein a radiation front of the second phased array and a radiation front of the first phased array are spaced by a subwavelength distance, and wherein the second phased array is configured to receive, through the second RF channel, a coupling signal sent by the first phased array through the first RF channel, and a test instrument configured to:
determine, based on the coupling signal, an amplitude deviation value and a phase deviation value that correspond to the first RF channel;
if the amplitude deviation value and the phase deviation value satisfy a preset error correction condition, correct an amplitude coefficient and a phase coefficient that correspond to the first RF channel to obtain a target amplitude coefficient and a target phase coefficient; and
measure performance indicator parameters of the first phased array by using the target amplitude coefficient and the target phase coefficient. 2. The correction and testing system according to claim 1, wherein the first phased array comprises a plurality of first RF channels, the second phased array comprises a plurality of second RF channels, the second phased array further comprises a plurality of switches and a plurality of attenuators, wherein the switches are connected to the second RF channels in a one-to-one manner, and the attenuators are connected to the second RF channels in a one-to-one manner;
the switches are configured to switch off the plurality of second RF channels; the switches are configured to switch on a target second RF channel in the plurality of second RF channels when the plurality of second RF channels are in an off state, wherein the target second RF channel is any second RF channel in the plurality of second RF channels; the second RF channels are configured to receive, through the target second RF channel, a coupling signal sent through a target first RF channel, until coupling signals sent through the plurality of first RF channels are all received, wherein the target first RF channel is a first RF channel in the plurality of first RF channels that has a mirror symmetry relationship with the target second RF channel; and each attenuator is configured to perform signal attenuation processing on the coupling signal. 3. The correction and testing system according to claim 2, wherein
(1) at least one of the switches is configured to switch on an nth second RF channel in the plurality of second RF channels when the plurality of second RF channels are in the off state, wherein n is a positive integer; (2) at least one of the second RF channels is used to receive, through the nth second RF channel, a coupling signal sent through an nth first RF channel, wherein the nth second RF channel has a mirror symmetry relationship with the nth first RF channel; (3) the switch is configured to switch off the nth second RF channel; and the switches and the second RF channels are configured to separately perform operations of (1) to (3) on the plurality of second RF channels having a mirror symmetry relationship with the plurality of first RF channels, until the coupling signals sent through the plurality of first RF channels are all received by the plurality of second RF channels. 4. The correction and testing system according to claim 1, wherein the test instrument comprises a vector network analysis instrument configured to:
obtain, based on the coupling signal, an amplitude value and a phase value that correspond to the first RF channel; calculate, based on the amplitude value and a preset amplitude value, the amplitude deviation value corresponding to the first RF channel; and calculate, based on the phase value and a preset phase value, the phase deviation value corresponding to the first RF channel. 5. The correction and testing system according to claim 1, wherein the test instrument comprises a test control device configured to:
determine whether an absolute value of the amplitude deviation value falls within a preset amplitude error range, and whether an absolute value of the phase deviation value falls within a preset phase error range; and if the absolute value of the amplitude deviation value falls within the preset amplitude error range, and the absolute value of the phase deviation value falls within the preset phase error range, determine that the amplitude deviation value and the phase deviation value satisfy the preset error correction condition. 6. The correction and testing system according to claim 1, wherein the test instrument is further configured to:
obtain a first position vector of the first RF channel in a space and a second position vector of the second RF channel in the space; and determine the amplitude coefficient and the phase coefficient based on the first position vector and the second position vector. 7. The correction and testing system according to claim 1, wherein the test instrument is configured to:
if the first phased array is parallel to the second phased array, train the amplitude coefficient and the phase coefficient by using a preset relationship model; and obtain the trained target amplitude coefficient and the trained target phase coefficient, wherein the preset relationship model is a functional relationship model between a coupling coefficient and a parallel deviation position. 8. The correction and testing system according to claim 7, wherein the test instrument is further configured to calculate the coupling coefficient based on a near-field electric field generated by the first RF channel, a near-field electric field generated by the second RF channel, the amplitude coefficient, and the phase coefficient. 9. The correction and testing system according to claim 6, wherein the test instrument is configured to:
if the first phased array is not parallel to the second phased array, obtain an included angle between the radiation front of the first phased array and the radiation front of the second phased array; if the included angle is a small included angle,
calculate the target amplitude coefficient based on a first amplitude correction coefficient and the amplitude coefficient, and
calculate the target phase coefficient based on a first phase correction coefficient and the phase coefficient, wherein the first amplitude correction coefficient represents preset amplitude correction coefficients in different directions, and the first phase correction coefficient represents preset phase correction coefficients in different directions; and
if the included angle is a large included angle,
calculate the target amplitude coefficient based on the first amplitude correction coefficient, a second amplitude correction coefficient, and the amplitude coefficient, and
calculate the target phase coefficient based on the first phase correction coefficient, a second phase correction coefficient, and the phase coefficient, wherein the second amplitude correction coefficient represents an amplitude correction coefficient of coupling between RF channels, and the second phase correction coefficient represents a phase correction coefficient of coupling between the RF channels. 10. The correction and testing system according to claim 1, wherein
the test instrument is further configured to determine a beam directivity pattern of the first phased array based on the target amplitude coefficient and the target phase coefficient. 11. The correction and testing system according to claim 1, wherein the test instrument is further configured to determine, as corresponding positions of the first phased array and the second phased array, positions of the first phased array and the second phased array obtained when a transmission amplitude value of the second RF channel is largest. 12. A test instrument, configured to:
receive, through a second radio frequency (RF) channel, a coupling signal sent by a first phased array through a first RF channel; determine an amplitude deviation value and a phase deviation value that correspond to the first RF channel; if the amplitude deviation value and the phase deviation value satisfy a preset error correction condition, correct an amplitude coefficient and a phase coefficient that correspond to the first RF channel to obtain a target amplitude coefficient and a target phase coefficient; and measure performance indicator parameters of the first phased array by using the target amplitude coefficient and the target phase coefficient, wherein the first phased array is a to-be-tested phased array, the first phased array comprises the first RF channel, a second phased array comprises the second RF channel, a topology of the first RF channel has a mirror symmetry relationship with a topology of the second RF channel, and a radiation front of the second phased array and a radiation front of the first phased array are spaced by a subwavelength distance. 13. The test instrument according to claim 12, wherein the test instrument comprises a vector network analysis instrument configured to:
obtain, based on the coupling signal, an amplitude value and a phase value that correspond to the first RF channel; calculate, based on the amplitude value and a preset amplitude value, the amplitude deviation value corresponding to the first RF channel; and calculate, based on the phase value and a preset phase value, the phase deviation value corresponding to the first RF channel. 14. The test instrument according to claim 12, wherein the test instrument comprises a test control device configured to:
determine whether an absolute value of the amplitude deviation value falls within a preset amplitude error range, and whether an absolute value of the phase deviation value falls within a preset phase error range; and if the absolute value of the amplitude deviation value falls within the preset amplitude error range, and the absolute value of the phase deviation value falls within the preset phase error range, determine that the amplitude deviation value and the phase deviation value satisfy the preset error correction condition. 15. The test instrument according to claim 12, wherein the test instrument is further configured to:
obtain a first position vector of the first RF channel in a space and a second position vector of the second RF channel in the space; and determine the amplitude coefficient and the phase coefficient based on the first position vector and the second position vector. 16. The test instrument according to claim 12, wherein if the first phased array is parallel to the second phased array, the test instrument is configured to:
train the amplitude coefficient and the phase coefficient by using a preset relationship model; and obtain the trained target amplitude coefficient and the trained target phase coefficient, wherein the preset relationship model is a functional relationship model between a coupling coefficient and a parallel deviation position. 17. The test instrument according to claim 16, wherein the test instrument is further configured to calculate the coupling coefficient based on a near-field electric field generated by the first RF channel, a near-field electric field generated by the second RF channel, the amplitude coefficient, and the phase coefficient. 18. The test instrument according to claim 15, wherein if the first phased array is not parallel to the second phased array, the test instrument is configured to:
obtain an included angle between the radiation front of the first phased array and the radiation front of the second phased array; if the included angle is a small included angle, calculate the target amplitude coefficient based on a first amplitude correction coefficient and the amplitude coefficient, and calculate the target phase coefficient based on a first phase correction coefficient and the phase coefficient, wherein the first amplitude correction coefficient represents preset amplitude correction coefficients in different directions, and the first phase correction coefficient represents preset phase correction coefficients in different directions; and if the included angle is a large included angle, calculate the target amplitude coefficient based on the first amplitude correction coefficient, a second amplitude correction coefficient, and the amplitude coefficient, and calculate the target phase coefficient based on the first phase correction coefficient, a second phase correction coefficient, and the phase coefficient, wherein the second amplitude correction coefficient represents an amplitude correction coefficient of coupling between RF channels, and the second phase correction coefficient represents a phase correction coefficient of coupling between the RF channels. 19. The test instrument according to claim 12, wherein the test instrument is further configured to determine a beam directivity pattern of the first phased array based on the target amplitude coefficient and the target phase coefficient. 20. The test instrument according to claim 12, wherein the test instrument is further configured to determine, as corresponding positions of the first phased array and the second phased array, positions of the first phased array and the second phased array obtained when a transmission amplitude value of the second RF channel is largest. | This application discloses a correction and testing system, comprising a first phased array, a second phased array, and a test instrument, wherein the first phased array comprises a first radio frequency RF channel, the test instrument is configured to: determine, based on a coupling signal, an amplitude deviation value and a phase deviation value that correspond to the first RF channel; if the amplitude deviation value and the phase deviation value satisfy a preset error correction condition, correct an amplitude coefficient and a phase coefficient that correspond to the first RF channel to obtain a target amplitude coefficient and a target phase coefficient; and measure performance indicator parameters of the first phased array by using the target amplitude coefficient and the target phase coefficient. The correction and testing system can improve test efficiency, reducing a floor area, and lowering costs.1. A correction and testing system, comprising:
a first phased array having a first radio frequency (RF) channel, wherein the first phased array is a to-be-tested phased array, a second phased array having a second RF channel, wherein a topology of the first RF channel has a mirror symmetry relationship with a topology of the second RF channel, wherein a radiation front of the second phased array and a radiation front of the first phased array are spaced by a subwavelength distance, and wherein the second phased array is configured to receive, through the second RF channel, a coupling signal sent by the first phased array through the first RF channel, and a test instrument configured to:
determine, based on the coupling signal, an amplitude deviation value and a phase deviation value that correspond to the first RF channel;
if the amplitude deviation value and the phase deviation value satisfy a preset error correction condition, correct an amplitude coefficient and a phase coefficient that correspond to the first RF channel to obtain a target amplitude coefficient and a target phase coefficient; and
measure performance indicator parameters of the first phased array by using the target amplitude coefficient and the target phase coefficient. 2. The correction and testing system according to claim 1, wherein the first phased array comprises a plurality of first RF channels, the second phased array comprises a plurality of second RF channels, the second phased array further comprises a plurality of switches and a plurality of attenuators, wherein the switches are connected to the second RF channels in a one-to-one manner, and the attenuators are connected to the second RF channels in a one-to-one manner;
the switches are configured to switch off the plurality of second RF channels; the switches are configured to switch on a target second RF channel in the plurality of second RF channels when the plurality of second RF channels are in an off state, wherein the target second RF channel is any second RF channel in the plurality of second RF channels; the second RF channels are configured to receive, through the target second RF channel, a coupling signal sent through a target first RF channel, until coupling signals sent through the plurality of first RF channels are all received, wherein the target first RF channel is a first RF channel in the plurality of first RF channels that has a mirror symmetry relationship with the target second RF channel; and each attenuator is configured to perform signal attenuation processing on the coupling signal. 3. The correction and testing system according to claim 2, wherein
(1) at least one of the switches is configured to switch on an nth second RF channel in the plurality of second RF channels when the plurality of second RF channels are in the off state, wherein n is a positive integer; (2) at least one of the second RF channels is used to receive, through the nth second RF channel, a coupling signal sent through an nth first RF channel, wherein the nth second RF channel has a mirror symmetry relationship with the nth first RF channel; (3) the switch is configured to switch off the nth second RF channel; and the switches and the second RF channels are configured to separately perform operations of (1) to (3) on the plurality of second RF channels having a mirror symmetry relationship with the plurality of first RF channels, until the coupling signals sent through the plurality of first RF channels are all received by the plurality of second RF channels. 4. The correction and testing system according to claim 1, wherein the test instrument comprises a vector network analysis instrument configured to:
obtain, based on the coupling signal, an amplitude value and a phase value that correspond to the first RF channel; calculate, based on the amplitude value and a preset amplitude value, the amplitude deviation value corresponding to the first RF channel; and calculate, based on the phase value and a preset phase value, the phase deviation value corresponding to the first RF channel. 5. The correction and testing system according to claim 1, wherein the test instrument comprises a test control device configured to:
determine whether an absolute value of the amplitude deviation value falls within a preset amplitude error range, and whether an absolute value of the phase deviation value falls within a preset phase error range; and if the absolute value of the amplitude deviation value falls within the preset amplitude error range, and the absolute value of the phase deviation value falls within the preset phase error range, determine that the amplitude deviation value and the phase deviation value satisfy the preset error correction condition. 6. The correction and testing system according to claim 1, wherein the test instrument is further configured to:
obtain a first position vector of the first RF channel in a space and a second position vector of the second RF channel in the space; and determine the amplitude coefficient and the phase coefficient based on the first position vector and the second position vector. 7. The correction and testing system according to claim 1, wherein the test instrument is configured to:
if the first phased array is parallel to the second phased array, train the amplitude coefficient and the phase coefficient by using a preset relationship model; and obtain the trained target amplitude coefficient and the trained target phase coefficient, wherein the preset relationship model is a functional relationship model between a coupling coefficient and a parallel deviation position. 8. The correction and testing system according to claim 7, wherein the test instrument is further configured to calculate the coupling coefficient based on a near-field electric field generated by the first RF channel, a near-field electric field generated by the second RF channel, the amplitude coefficient, and the phase coefficient. 9. The correction and testing system according to claim 6, wherein the test instrument is configured to:
if the first phased array is not parallel to the second phased array, obtain an included angle between the radiation front of the first phased array and the radiation front of the second phased array; if the included angle is a small included angle,
calculate the target amplitude coefficient based on a first amplitude correction coefficient and the amplitude coefficient, and
calculate the target phase coefficient based on a first phase correction coefficient and the phase coefficient, wherein the first amplitude correction coefficient represents preset amplitude correction coefficients in different directions, and the first phase correction coefficient represents preset phase correction coefficients in different directions; and
if the included angle is a large included angle,
calculate the target amplitude coefficient based on the first amplitude correction coefficient, a second amplitude correction coefficient, and the amplitude coefficient, and
calculate the target phase coefficient based on the first phase correction coefficient, a second phase correction coefficient, and the phase coefficient, wherein the second amplitude correction coefficient represents an amplitude correction coefficient of coupling between RF channels, and the second phase correction coefficient represents a phase correction coefficient of coupling between the RF channels. 10. The correction and testing system according to claim 1, wherein
the test instrument is further configured to determine a beam directivity pattern of the first phased array based on the target amplitude coefficient and the target phase coefficient. 11. The correction and testing system according to claim 1, wherein the test instrument is further configured to determine, as corresponding positions of the first phased array and the second phased array, positions of the first phased array and the second phased array obtained when a transmission amplitude value of the second RF channel is largest. 12. A test instrument, configured to:
receive, through a second radio frequency (RF) channel, a coupling signal sent by a first phased array through a first RF channel; determine an amplitude deviation value and a phase deviation value that correspond to the first RF channel; if the amplitude deviation value and the phase deviation value satisfy a preset error correction condition, correct an amplitude coefficient and a phase coefficient that correspond to the first RF channel to obtain a target amplitude coefficient and a target phase coefficient; and measure performance indicator parameters of the first phased array by using the target amplitude coefficient and the target phase coefficient, wherein the first phased array is a to-be-tested phased array, the first phased array comprises the first RF channel, a second phased array comprises the second RF channel, a topology of the first RF channel has a mirror symmetry relationship with a topology of the second RF channel, and a radiation front of the second phased array and a radiation front of the first phased array are spaced by a subwavelength distance. 13. The test instrument according to claim 12, wherein the test instrument comprises a vector network analysis instrument configured to:
obtain, based on the coupling signal, an amplitude value and a phase value that correspond to the first RF channel; calculate, based on the amplitude value and a preset amplitude value, the amplitude deviation value corresponding to the first RF channel; and calculate, based on the phase value and a preset phase value, the phase deviation value corresponding to the first RF channel. 14. The test instrument according to claim 12, wherein the test instrument comprises a test control device configured to:
determine whether an absolute value of the amplitude deviation value falls within a preset amplitude error range, and whether an absolute value of the phase deviation value falls within a preset phase error range; and if the absolute value of the amplitude deviation value falls within the preset amplitude error range, and the absolute value of the phase deviation value falls within the preset phase error range, determine that the amplitude deviation value and the phase deviation value satisfy the preset error correction condition. 15. The test instrument according to claim 12, wherein the test instrument is further configured to:
obtain a first position vector of the first RF channel in a space and a second position vector of the second RF channel in the space; and determine the amplitude coefficient and the phase coefficient based on the first position vector and the second position vector. 16. The test instrument according to claim 12, wherein if the first phased array is parallel to the second phased array, the test instrument is configured to:
train the amplitude coefficient and the phase coefficient by using a preset relationship model; and obtain the trained target amplitude coefficient and the trained target phase coefficient, wherein the preset relationship model is a functional relationship model between a coupling coefficient and a parallel deviation position. 17. The test instrument according to claim 16, wherein the test instrument is further configured to calculate the coupling coefficient based on a near-field electric field generated by the first RF channel, a near-field electric field generated by the second RF channel, the amplitude coefficient, and the phase coefficient. 18. The test instrument according to claim 15, wherein if the first phased array is not parallel to the second phased array, the test instrument is configured to:
obtain an included angle between the radiation front of the first phased array and the radiation front of the second phased array; if the included angle is a small included angle, calculate the target amplitude coefficient based on a first amplitude correction coefficient and the amplitude coefficient, and calculate the target phase coefficient based on a first phase correction coefficient and the phase coefficient, wherein the first amplitude correction coefficient represents preset amplitude correction coefficients in different directions, and the first phase correction coefficient represents preset phase correction coefficients in different directions; and if the included angle is a large included angle, calculate the target amplitude coefficient based on the first amplitude correction coefficient, a second amplitude correction coefficient, and the amplitude coefficient, and calculate the target phase coefficient based on the first phase correction coefficient, a second phase correction coefficient, and the phase coefficient, wherein the second amplitude correction coefficient represents an amplitude correction coefficient of coupling between RF channels, and the second phase correction coefficient represents a phase correction coefficient of coupling between the RF channels. 19. The test instrument according to claim 12, wherein the test instrument is further configured to determine a beam directivity pattern of the first phased array based on the target amplitude coefficient and the target phase coefficient. 20. The test instrument according to claim 12, wherein the test instrument is further configured to determine, as corresponding positions of the first phased array and the second phased array, positions of the first phased array and the second phased array obtained when a transmission amplitude value of the second RF channel is largest. | 3,600 |
349,202 | 16,806,733 | 3,692 | Disclosed are alkyl chain modified 1H-imidazoquinoline compounds, derivatives and analogs thereof, as Toll-like receptor-7 and -8 agonists for enhancing immune responses. Also provided are methods of making pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds. The present disclosure also describes methods of use for the alkyl chain modified 1H-imidazoquinoline compounds, derivatives and analogs thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds for the treatment of disease in a subject. | 1. A compound of formula (J): 2. The compound of claim 1, or a salt thereof, wherein R0 is C4-C14 hydrocarbyl. 3. The compound of claim 1 or 2, or a salt thereof, wherein X is βNH(CβO)β. 4. The compound of claim 1 or 2, or a salt thereof, wherein X is βNHβ. 5. The compound of any one of claims 1-4, or a salt thereof, wherein R0 is branched C4-C14 alkyl, β(CH2)z(C(CH3)2)RA, or β(CH2)mRA; m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; z is 1 or 2; and RA is C3-C8 cycloalkyl optionally substituted by 1 to 4 groups independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkylene, and halogen. 6. The compound of any one of claims 1-5, or a salt thereof, wherein R0 is branched C4-C14 alkyl. 7. The compound of any one of claims 1-5, or a salt thereof, wherein R0 is β(CH2)mRA. 8. The compound of claim 7, or a salt thereof, wherein m is 2. 9. The compound of any one of claims 1-5, or a salt thereof, wherein R0 is β(CH2)z(C(CH3)2)RA. 10. The compound of claim 9, or a salt thereof, wherein z is 1. 11. The compound of any one of claims 7-10, or a salt thereof, wherein RA is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or cyclopentyl. 12. The compound of any one of claims 7-10, or a salt thereof, wherein RA is C3-C6 cycloalkyl optionally substituted by 1 to 3 groups independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, methylene, and halogen. 13. The compound of claim 5, or a salt thereof, wherein m is 1 or 2. 14. The compound of claim 13, or a salt thereof, wherein RA is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. 15. The compound of claim 13 or 14, or a salt thereof, wherein RA is cyclopropyl optionally substituted by 1 to 3 groups independently selected from the group consisting of methyl and methylene. 16. The compound of claim 5, or a salt thereof, wherein m is 0 and RA is cyclohexyl optionally substituted by 1 to 3 groups independently selected from the group consisting of methyl and methylene. 17. The compound of claim 1, or a salt thereof, wherein R0 is selected from the group consisting of: 18. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of Compound Nos. 63-33 to 63-36 and 63-38 to 63-49 in Table 1, or a salt thereof. 19. A compound of formula (K): 20. The compound of claim 19, or a salt thereof, wherein Xis βNHβ. 21. The compound of claim 19 or 20, or a salt thereof, wherein n is an integer from 4 to 15. 22. The compound of any one of claims 19-21, or a salt thereof, wherein n is 4, 5, 6, or 7. 23. The compound of claim 19, or a salt thereof, wherein X is βNH(CβO)β. 24. The compound of claim 23, ora salt thereof, wherein n is 11, 12, 13, or 14. 25. The compound of any one of claims 19-24, or a salt thereof, wherein R1 is C3-C6 alkyl. 26. The compound of claim 25, wherein R1 is n-butyl. 27. The compound of any one of claims 19-24, or a salt thereof, wherein R1 is β(CH2)pOR1a. 28. The compound of any one of claims 19-24, or a salt thereof, wherein R1 is β(CH2)pNHR1b. 29. The compound of any one of claims 19-24, or a salt thereof, wherein R1 is β(CH2)pR1c. 30. The compound of any one of claims 19-29, or a salt thereof, wherein R2 is NH2. 31. The compound of any one of claims 19-30, or a salt thereof, wherein q is 0. 32. The compound of any one of claims 19-30, or a salt thereof, wherein q is 1 and R3 is C1-C8 alkyl. 33. The compound of any one of claims 19-32, or a salt thereof, wherein each R4a and R4b is H. 34. The compound of claim 19, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of Compound Nos. 63-01 to 63-30 in Table 1, or a salt thereof. 35. A pharmaceutical composition comprising (i) the compound according to any one of claims 1-34, or a salt thereof; and (ii) a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 36. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 35, further comprising an antigen. 37. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 35 or 36, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient comprises an oil. 38. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 35-37, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is a squalene-based oil-in-water nanoemulsion. 39. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 35 or 36, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is a liposomal formulation. 40. A method of stimulating an immune response in a mammalian subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammalian subject the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 35-39 in an amount sufficient to stimulate the immune response in the mammalian subject. 41. A method of inducing an antigen-specific antibody response in a mammalian subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammalian subject the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 35-39 in an amount sufficient to induce the antigen-specific antibody response and/or an antigen-specific T cell response in the mammalian subject. 42. A method of treating an infectious disease in a mammalian subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammalian subject the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 35-39 in an amount sufficient to treat the infectious disease in the mammalian subject. 43. A method of preventing an infectious disease in a mammalian subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammalian subject the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 35-39 in an amount sufficient to prevent the infectious disease in the mammalian subject. 44. A method of treating an IgE-related disorder in a mammalian subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammalian subject the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 35-39 in an amount sufficient to treat the IgE-related disorder in the mammalian subject. 45. A method of preventing an IgE-related disorder in a mammalian subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammalian subject the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 35-39 in an amount sufficient to prevent the IgE-related disorder in the mammalian subject. 46. A method of treating cancer in a mammalian subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammalian subject the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 35-39 in an amount sufficient to treat cancer in the mammalian subject. 47. The method of claim 46, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered by intratumoral injection. 48. The method of claim 46 or 47, further comprising administering an effective amount of a second therapeutic agent to the subject. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein the second therapeutic agent is a chemotherapeutic agent. 50. The method of claim 48, wherein the second therapeutic agent is an antagonist of an inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule. 51. The method of claim 48, wherein the second therapeutic agent is an epigenetic modulator. 52. The method of claim 48, wherein the second therapeutic agent is an inducer of immunogenic cell death. 53. The method of claim 50, wherein the inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule is selected from the group consisting of PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA-4 (CD152), LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT, IL-10, and TGF-beta. | Disclosed are alkyl chain modified 1H-imidazoquinoline compounds, derivatives and analogs thereof, as Toll-like receptor-7 and -8 agonists for enhancing immune responses. Also provided are methods of making pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds. The present disclosure also describes methods of use for the alkyl chain modified 1H-imidazoquinoline compounds, derivatives and analogs thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds for the treatment of disease in a subject.1. A compound of formula (J): 2. The compound of claim 1, or a salt thereof, wherein R0 is C4-C14 hydrocarbyl. 3. The compound of claim 1 or 2, or a salt thereof, wherein X is βNH(CβO)β. 4. The compound of claim 1 or 2, or a salt thereof, wherein X is βNHβ. 5. The compound of any one of claims 1-4, or a salt thereof, wherein R0 is branched C4-C14 alkyl, β(CH2)z(C(CH3)2)RA, or β(CH2)mRA; m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; z is 1 or 2; and RA is C3-C8 cycloalkyl optionally substituted by 1 to 4 groups independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkylene, and halogen. 6. The compound of any one of claims 1-5, or a salt thereof, wherein R0 is branched C4-C14 alkyl. 7. The compound of any one of claims 1-5, or a salt thereof, wherein R0 is β(CH2)mRA. 8. The compound of claim 7, or a salt thereof, wherein m is 2. 9. The compound of any one of claims 1-5, or a salt thereof, wherein R0 is β(CH2)z(C(CH3)2)RA. 10. The compound of claim 9, or a salt thereof, wherein z is 1. 11. The compound of any one of claims 7-10, or a salt thereof, wherein RA is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or cyclopentyl. 12. The compound of any one of claims 7-10, or a salt thereof, wherein RA is C3-C6 cycloalkyl optionally substituted by 1 to 3 groups independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, methylene, and halogen. 13. The compound of claim 5, or a salt thereof, wherein m is 1 or 2. 14. The compound of claim 13, or a salt thereof, wherein RA is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. 15. The compound of claim 13 or 14, or a salt thereof, wherein RA is cyclopropyl optionally substituted by 1 to 3 groups independently selected from the group consisting of methyl and methylene. 16. The compound of claim 5, or a salt thereof, wherein m is 0 and RA is cyclohexyl optionally substituted by 1 to 3 groups independently selected from the group consisting of methyl and methylene. 17. The compound of claim 1, or a salt thereof, wherein R0 is selected from the group consisting of: 18. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of Compound Nos. 63-33 to 63-36 and 63-38 to 63-49 in Table 1, or a salt thereof. 19. A compound of formula (K): 20. The compound of claim 19, or a salt thereof, wherein Xis βNHβ. 21. The compound of claim 19 or 20, or a salt thereof, wherein n is an integer from 4 to 15. 22. The compound of any one of claims 19-21, or a salt thereof, wherein n is 4, 5, 6, or 7. 23. The compound of claim 19, or a salt thereof, wherein X is βNH(CβO)β. 24. The compound of claim 23, ora salt thereof, wherein n is 11, 12, 13, or 14. 25. The compound of any one of claims 19-24, or a salt thereof, wherein R1 is C3-C6 alkyl. 26. The compound of claim 25, wherein R1 is n-butyl. 27. The compound of any one of claims 19-24, or a salt thereof, wherein R1 is β(CH2)pOR1a. 28. The compound of any one of claims 19-24, or a salt thereof, wherein R1 is β(CH2)pNHR1b. 29. The compound of any one of claims 19-24, or a salt thereof, wherein R1 is β(CH2)pR1c. 30. The compound of any one of claims 19-29, or a salt thereof, wherein R2 is NH2. 31. The compound of any one of claims 19-30, or a salt thereof, wherein q is 0. 32. The compound of any one of claims 19-30, or a salt thereof, wherein q is 1 and R3 is C1-C8 alkyl. 33. The compound of any one of claims 19-32, or a salt thereof, wherein each R4a and R4b is H. 34. The compound of claim 19, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of Compound Nos. 63-01 to 63-30 in Table 1, or a salt thereof. 35. A pharmaceutical composition comprising (i) the compound according to any one of claims 1-34, or a salt thereof; and (ii) a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 36. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 35, further comprising an antigen. 37. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 35 or 36, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient comprises an oil. 38. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 35-37, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is a squalene-based oil-in-water nanoemulsion. 39. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 35 or 36, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is a liposomal formulation. 40. A method of stimulating an immune response in a mammalian subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammalian subject the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 35-39 in an amount sufficient to stimulate the immune response in the mammalian subject. 41. A method of inducing an antigen-specific antibody response in a mammalian subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammalian subject the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 35-39 in an amount sufficient to induce the antigen-specific antibody response and/or an antigen-specific T cell response in the mammalian subject. 42. A method of treating an infectious disease in a mammalian subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammalian subject the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 35-39 in an amount sufficient to treat the infectious disease in the mammalian subject. 43. A method of preventing an infectious disease in a mammalian subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammalian subject the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 35-39 in an amount sufficient to prevent the infectious disease in the mammalian subject. 44. A method of treating an IgE-related disorder in a mammalian subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammalian subject the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 35-39 in an amount sufficient to treat the IgE-related disorder in the mammalian subject. 45. A method of preventing an IgE-related disorder in a mammalian subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammalian subject the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 35-39 in an amount sufficient to prevent the IgE-related disorder in the mammalian subject. 46. A method of treating cancer in a mammalian subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammalian subject the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 35-39 in an amount sufficient to treat cancer in the mammalian subject. 47. The method of claim 46, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered by intratumoral injection. 48. The method of claim 46 or 47, further comprising administering an effective amount of a second therapeutic agent to the subject. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein the second therapeutic agent is a chemotherapeutic agent. 50. The method of claim 48, wherein the second therapeutic agent is an antagonist of an inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule. 51. The method of claim 48, wherein the second therapeutic agent is an epigenetic modulator. 52. The method of claim 48, wherein the second therapeutic agent is an inducer of immunogenic cell death. 53. The method of claim 50, wherein the inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule is selected from the group consisting of PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA-4 (CD152), LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT, IL-10, and TGF-beta. | 3,600 |
349,203 | 16,806,759 | 3,692 | A semiconductor device includes an interrupt control circuit that receives a plurality of interrupt signals from the circuit blocks and outputs an interrupt request to the processor, and an interrupt monitoring circuit that corresponds to one of the interrupt signals and includes a setting circuit for setting a monitoring type and first and second monitoring periods. If the monitoring type indicates an asserted state of the interrupt signal, the interrupt monitoring circuit monitors the asserted state. If a first duration of the continuous asserted state exceeds the first monitoring period, the interrupt monitoring circuit detects the state as a failure. If the monitoring type indicates a negated state of the interrupt signal, the interrupt monitoring circuit monitors the negated state. If a second duration of the continuous negated state exceeds the second monitoring period, the interrupt monitoring circuit detects the state as a failure. | 1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first processor performing an interrupt operation in response to an interrupt request; a plurality of circuit blocks, each outputting an interrupt signal; a first interrupt control circuit receiving the interrupt signals from the circuit blocks and sending the interrupt request to the first processor; and a first interrupt monitoring circuit receiving an associated one of the interrupt signals, wherein the first interrupt monitoring circuit detects a first failure when the assert period of the associated one of the interrupt signals exceeds a first monitoring period, wherein the first interrupt monitoring circuit detects a second failure when the negate period of the associated one of the interrupt signals exceeds a second monitoring period, wherein the first interrupt monitoring circuit outputs a failure notification signal when at least one of the first and the second failure is detected. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein the first interrupt monitoring circuit includes a setting circuit, wherein the setting circuit comprises a monitoring type information indicating whether to monitor the assert period only, the negate period only, or both period of the associated one of the interrupt signals, wherein the first interrupt monitoring circuit starts to monitor the assert period and the negate period of the associated one of the interrupt signals in response to the monitoring type information, in order to detect the first and the second failure. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein the failure notification signal includes an information for specifying which of the first and the second failure has been detected. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein the first processor sets the monitoring type information. 5. A failure detection method of a semiconductor device, the semiconductor device including a first processor that performs an interrupt operation in response to an interrupt request, a plurality of circuit blocks that each outputs an interrupt signal, and a first interrupt control circuit that receives the interrupt signals from the circuit blocks and sends the interrupt request to the first processor based on the interrupt signals, the method comprising:
measuring an assert period of a first interrupt signal which is output from a first circuit block of the plurality of circuit blocks, comparing the measured assert period of the first interrupt signal with a first monitoring period to detect a first failure, measuring the negate period of the first interrupt signal, comparing the measured negate period of the first interrupt signal with a second monitoring period to detect a second failure, and generating a failure notification signal when at least one of the first and the second failure is detected. 6. The failure detection method according to claim 5, further comprising:
starting to monitor the assert period of the first interrupt signal in response to a monitoring type information indicating to monitor the assert period, and starting to monitor the negate period of the first interrupt signal in response to the monitoring type information indicating to monitor the negate period, wherein the monitoring type information is set by the first processor. 7. The failure detection method according to claim 5,
wherein the failure notification signal includes an information for specifying which of the first and the second failure has been detected. 8. The failure detection method according to claim 6,
wherein the monitoring type information is set by the first processor. | A semiconductor device includes an interrupt control circuit that receives a plurality of interrupt signals from the circuit blocks and outputs an interrupt request to the processor, and an interrupt monitoring circuit that corresponds to one of the interrupt signals and includes a setting circuit for setting a monitoring type and first and second monitoring periods. If the monitoring type indicates an asserted state of the interrupt signal, the interrupt monitoring circuit monitors the asserted state. If a first duration of the continuous asserted state exceeds the first monitoring period, the interrupt monitoring circuit detects the state as a failure. If the monitoring type indicates a negated state of the interrupt signal, the interrupt monitoring circuit monitors the negated state. If a second duration of the continuous negated state exceeds the second monitoring period, the interrupt monitoring circuit detects the state as a failure.1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first processor performing an interrupt operation in response to an interrupt request; a plurality of circuit blocks, each outputting an interrupt signal; a first interrupt control circuit receiving the interrupt signals from the circuit blocks and sending the interrupt request to the first processor; and a first interrupt monitoring circuit receiving an associated one of the interrupt signals, wherein the first interrupt monitoring circuit detects a first failure when the assert period of the associated one of the interrupt signals exceeds a first monitoring period, wherein the first interrupt monitoring circuit detects a second failure when the negate period of the associated one of the interrupt signals exceeds a second monitoring period, wherein the first interrupt monitoring circuit outputs a failure notification signal when at least one of the first and the second failure is detected. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein the first interrupt monitoring circuit includes a setting circuit, wherein the setting circuit comprises a monitoring type information indicating whether to monitor the assert period only, the negate period only, or both period of the associated one of the interrupt signals, wherein the first interrupt monitoring circuit starts to monitor the assert period and the negate period of the associated one of the interrupt signals in response to the monitoring type information, in order to detect the first and the second failure. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein the failure notification signal includes an information for specifying which of the first and the second failure has been detected. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein the first processor sets the monitoring type information. 5. A failure detection method of a semiconductor device, the semiconductor device including a first processor that performs an interrupt operation in response to an interrupt request, a plurality of circuit blocks that each outputs an interrupt signal, and a first interrupt control circuit that receives the interrupt signals from the circuit blocks and sends the interrupt request to the first processor based on the interrupt signals, the method comprising:
measuring an assert period of a first interrupt signal which is output from a first circuit block of the plurality of circuit blocks, comparing the measured assert period of the first interrupt signal with a first monitoring period to detect a first failure, measuring the negate period of the first interrupt signal, comparing the measured negate period of the first interrupt signal with a second monitoring period to detect a second failure, and generating a failure notification signal when at least one of the first and the second failure is detected. 6. The failure detection method according to claim 5, further comprising:
starting to monitor the assert period of the first interrupt signal in response to a monitoring type information indicating to monitor the assert period, and starting to monitor the negate period of the first interrupt signal in response to the monitoring type information indicating to monitor the negate period, wherein the monitoring type information is set by the first processor. 7. The failure detection method according to claim 5,
wherein the failure notification signal includes an information for specifying which of the first and the second failure has been detected. 8. The failure detection method according to claim 6,
wherein the monitoring type information is set by the first processor. | 3,600 |
349,204 | 16,806,766 | 3,692 | Embolic implants delivery systems and methods of manufacture and delivery are disclosed. The devices can be used for aneurysm and/or fistula treatment. The designs offer low profile compressibility for delivery to neurovasculature, while maintaining advantageous delivery and implant detachment control features. | 1. (canceled) 2. An implant delivery system comprising:
an elongate sleeve having a lumen; an elongate core member slidably disposed within the sleeve lumen, the core member carrying an expander thereon; a braided implant disposed over the sleeve; a cover disposed over a proximal end of the implant such that a proximal end portion of the implant is radially constrained between the cover and the sleeve; wherein, in an engaged configuration, the expander is disposed distal to the cover, and wherein the system is configured such that proximal withdrawal of the expander with respect to the cover causes the expander to exert a radially outward force on the sleeve to open the cover. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein withdrawing the expander with respect to the cover places the expander underneath the proximal end portion of the implant, thereby causing the proximal cover to open. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the cover is configured to open by tearing. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the cover is configured to open by rupturing. 6. The system of claim 2, wherein the expander comprises a wedge body. 7. The system of claim 2, wherein the expander comprises a coil. 8. The system of claim 2, wherein the sleeve comprises a tubular braid. 9. The system of claim 2, further comprising a plurality of expanders carried by the core member. 10. An implant delivery system comprising:
an elongate core member carrying an expander thereon; a self-expanding implant disposed over the core member; a sheath disposed over and radially constraining a proximal end portion of the implant; wherein the system is configured such that proximal retraction of the core member urges the expander into a position underneath the sheath, thereby rupturing the sheath and releasing the proximal end portion of the implant. 11. The system of claim 10, further comprising a sleeve disposed radially between the core member and the implant. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the sleeve is more radially expanded at a location that overlies the expander than over a location that does not overlie the expander. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the core member and expander are axially slidable with respect to the sleeve. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the sleeve comprises a braid section. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein the expander comprises a wedge body. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein the expander comprises a coil. 17. A method of implant delivery comprising:
advancing a delivery system to an intravascular target site, the delivery system comprising a core member, an implant mounted over a distal portion of the core member, an expander underlying the implant, and a cover overlying a proximal end portion of the implant; and proximally retracting the expander with respect to the cover such that the expander at least partially underlies the cover, thereby applying an expansive force to open the cover and release the implant. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein proximally retracting the core member comprises rupturing and/or tearing the cover. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the expander comprises a wedge body, and wherein proximal retraction of the expander brings the wedge body into engagement with the implant. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the expander comprises a coil, and wherein proximal retraction of the expander brings the coil into engagement with the implant. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the delivery system further comprises a sleeve disposed radially between the implant and the expander, and wherein proximally retracting the expander with respect to the cover comprises retracting the expander with respect to the sleeve such that the expander underlies both the sleeve and the cover. | Embolic implants delivery systems and methods of manufacture and delivery are disclosed. The devices can be used for aneurysm and/or fistula treatment. The designs offer low profile compressibility for delivery to neurovasculature, while maintaining advantageous delivery and implant detachment control features.1. (canceled) 2. An implant delivery system comprising:
an elongate sleeve having a lumen; an elongate core member slidably disposed within the sleeve lumen, the core member carrying an expander thereon; a braided implant disposed over the sleeve; a cover disposed over a proximal end of the implant such that a proximal end portion of the implant is radially constrained between the cover and the sleeve; wherein, in an engaged configuration, the expander is disposed distal to the cover, and wherein the system is configured such that proximal withdrawal of the expander with respect to the cover causes the expander to exert a radially outward force on the sleeve to open the cover. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein withdrawing the expander with respect to the cover places the expander underneath the proximal end portion of the implant, thereby causing the proximal cover to open. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the cover is configured to open by tearing. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the cover is configured to open by rupturing. 6. The system of claim 2, wherein the expander comprises a wedge body. 7. The system of claim 2, wherein the expander comprises a coil. 8. The system of claim 2, wherein the sleeve comprises a tubular braid. 9. The system of claim 2, further comprising a plurality of expanders carried by the core member. 10. An implant delivery system comprising:
an elongate core member carrying an expander thereon; a self-expanding implant disposed over the core member; a sheath disposed over and radially constraining a proximal end portion of the implant; wherein the system is configured such that proximal retraction of the core member urges the expander into a position underneath the sheath, thereby rupturing the sheath and releasing the proximal end portion of the implant. 11. The system of claim 10, further comprising a sleeve disposed radially between the core member and the implant. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the sleeve is more radially expanded at a location that overlies the expander than over a location that does not overlie the expander. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the core member and expander are axially slidable with respect to the sleeve. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the sleeve comprises a braid section. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein the expander comprises a wedge body. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein the expander comprises a coil. 17. A method of implant delivery comprising:
advancing a delivery system to an intravascular target site, the delivery system comprising a core member, an implant mounted over a distal portion of the core member, an expander underlying the implant, and a cover overlying a proximal end portion of the implant; and proximally retracting the expander with respect to the cover such that the expander at least partially underlies the cover, thereby applying an expansive force to open the cover and release the implant. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein proximally retracting the core member comprises rupturing and/or tearing the cover. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the expander comprises a wedge body, and wherein proximal retraction of the expander brings the wedge body into engagement with the implant. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the expander comprises a coil, and wherein proximal retraction of the expander brings the coil into engagement with the implant. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the delivery system further comprises a sleeve disposed radially between the implant and the expander, and wherein proximally retracting the expander with respect to the cover comprises retracting the expander with respect to the sleeve such that the expander underlies both the sleeve and the cover. | 3,600 |
349,205 | 16,806,758 | 3,692 | A radio communication apparatus is provided, which includes a receiver and a controller. The receiver, in operation, receives a first power headroom (PHR), which is obtained by subtracting a transmit power for a data channel from a maximum transmit power at a mobile station and which is transmitted from the mobile station, and receives a second PHR, which is obtained by subtracting the transmit power for the data channel and a transmit power for a control channel from the maximum transmit power at the mobile station and which is transmitted from the mobile station. The controller, in operation, selectively sets a simultaneous transmission of the data channel and the control channel in different frequency bands to be performed by the mobile station. When the data channel and the control channel are simultaneously transmitted in different frequency bands from the mobile station, the second PHR is obtained and transmitted from the mobile station. | 1. A communication apparatus comprising:
circuitry, which, in operation, configures a terminal to transmit a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) simultaneously with a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH); and a receiver, which, in operation, receives a power headroom (PHR), wherein the PHR is obtained by subtracting a transmit power of the PUSCH and a transmit power of the PUCCH from a maximum transmit power and is transmitted from the terminal configured to transmit the PUSCH simultaneously with the PUCCH. 2. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, comprising a transmitter, which, in operation, transmits scheduling information based on the PHR to the terminal. 3. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the receiver, in operation, receives the PHR in response to configuring the terminal to transmit the PUSCH and the PUCCH in a subframe. 4. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the receiver, in operation, receives the PHR in response to configuring the terminal to transmit the PUSCH simultaneously with the PUCCH. 5. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the receiver, in operation, receives the PHR in response to configuring the terminal to transmit the PUSCH and the PUCCH in different frequency bands of a subframe, respectively. 6. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the PHR is computed by the terminal. 7. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the receiver, in operation, receives the PHR on a media access control (MAC) element in the PUSCH. 8. A communication method comprising:
configuring a terminal to transmit a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) simultaneously with a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH); and receiving a power headroom (PHR), wherein the PHR is obtained by subtracting a transmit power of the PUSCH and a transmit power of the PUCCH from a maximum transmit power and is transmitted from the terminal configured to transmit the PUSCH simultaneously with the PUCCH. 9. The communication method according to claim 8, comprising transmitting scheduling information based on the PHR to the terminal. 10. The communication method according to claim 8, wherein the receiving includes receiving the PHR in response to configuring the terminal to transmit the PUSCH and the PUCCH in a subframe. 11. The communication method according to claim 8, wherein the receiving includes receiving the PHR in response to configuring the terminal to transmit the PUSCH simultaneously with the PUCCH. 12. The communication method according to claim 8, wherein the receiving includes receiving the PHR in response to configuring the terminal to transmit the PUSCH and the PUCCH in different frequency bands of a subframe, respectively. 13. The communication method according to claim 8, wherein the PHR is computed by the terminal. 14. The communication method according to claim 8, wherein the receiving includes receiving the PHR on a media access control (MAC) element in the PUSCH. | A radio communication apparatus is provided, which includes a receiver and a controller. The receiver, in operation, receives a first power headroom (PHR), which is obtained by subtracting a transmit power for a data channel from a maximum transmit power at a mobile station and which is transmitted from the mobile station, and receives a second PHR, which is obtained by subtracting the transmit power for the data channel and a transmit power for a control channel from the maximum transmit power at the mobile station and which is transmitted from the mobile station. The controller, in operation, selectively sets a simultaneous transmission of the data channel and the control channel in different frequency bands to be performed by the mobile station. When the data channel and the control channel are simultaneously transmitted in different frequency bands from the mobile station, the second PHR is obtained and transmitted from the mobile station.1. A communication apparatus comprising:
circuitry, which, in operation, configures a terminal to transmit a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) simultaneously with a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH); and a receiver, which, in operation, receives a power headroom (PHR), wherein the PHR is obtained by subtracting a transmit power of the PUSCH and a transmit power of the PUCCH from a maximum transmit power and is transmitted from the terminal configured to transmit the PUSCH simultaneously with the PUCCH. 2. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, comprising a transmitter, which, in operation, transmits scheduling information based on the PHR to the terminal. 3. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the receiver, in operation, receives the PHR in response to configuring the terminal to transmit the PUSCH and the PUCCH in a subframe. 4. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the receiver, in operation, receives the PHR in response to configuring the terminal to transmit the PUSCH simultaneously with the PUCCH. 5. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the receiver, in operation, receives the PHR in response to configuring the terminal to transmit the PUSCH and the PUCCH in different frequency bands of a subframe, respectively. 6. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the PHR is computed by the terminal. 7. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the receiver, in operation, receives the PHR on a media access control (MAC) element in the PUSCH. 8. A communication method comprising:
configuring a terminal to transmit a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) simultaneously with a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH); and receiving a power headroom (PHR), wherein the PHR is obtained by subtracting a transmit power of the PUSCH and a transmit power of the PUCCH from a maximum transmit power and is transmitted from the terminal configured to transmit the PUSCH simultaneously with the PUCCH. 9. The communication method according to claim 8, comprising transmitting scheduling information based on the PHR to the terminal. 10. The communication method according to claim 8, wherein the receiving includes receiving the PHR in response to configuring the terminal to transmit the PUSCH and the PUCCH in a subframe. 11. The communication method according to claim 8, wherein the receiving includes receiving the PHR in response to configuring the terminal to transmit the PUSCH simultaneously with the PUCCH. 12. The communication method according to claim 8, wherein the receiving includes receiving the PHR in response to configuring the terminal to transmit the PUSCH and the PUCCH in different frequency bands of a subframe, respectively. 13. The communication method according to claim 8, wherein the PHR is computed by the terminal. 14. The communication method according to claim 8, wherein the receiving includes receiving the PHR on a media access control (MAC) element in the PUSCH. | 3,600 |
349,206 | 16,806,767 | 3,692 | The present disclosure provides a method of enhancing the shelf-life of an activated surface of a thermoplastic material, including: coating at least a portion of a surface of the thermoplastic material with at least one adhesion promoter to provide a coated surface; and treating the coated surface with plasma to provide the activated surface of the thermoplastic material; wherein the activated surface has a contact angle in the range of from about 0 to about 40Β°; and wherein the presence of the at least one adhesion promoter is effective to maintain the contact angle in the range of from about 0 to about 40Β° for a time of about 10 days or greater. | 1. A method of enhancing the shelf-life of an activated surface of a thermoplastic material, comprising:
coating at least a portion of a surface of the thermoplastic material with at least one adhesion promoter to provide a coated surface; and treating the coated surface with plasma to provide the activated surface of the thermoplastic material; wherein the activated surface has a contact angle in the range of from about 0 to about 40Β°; and wherein the presence of the at least one adhesion promoter is effective to maintain the contact angle in the range of from about 0 to about 40Β° for a time of about 10 days or greater. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one adhesion promoter is selected from the group consisting of PEG-silane, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 3-Glycidoxypropyl methyldimethoxysilane, 3-Chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, zirconium acetylacetonate, and combinations thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one adhesion promoter is PEG-silane. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one adhesion promoter is a silane. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the presence of the at least one adhesion promoter is effective to maintain the contact angle in the range of from about 0 to about 40Β° for a time of about 15 days or greater. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the presence of the at least one adhesion promoter is effective to maintain the contact angle in the range of from about 0 to about 40Β° for a time of about 25 days or greater. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the coated surface has an adhesion promoter coating layer having a thickness of from about 2 to about 12 microns. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic material is polyether ether ketone. 9. A thermoplastic material having at least one activated surface prepared according to the method of claim 1. 10. A method of forming a thermoplastic composite structure, comprising:
providing a first thermoplastic part and a second thermoplastic part; coating at least a portion of a surface of the first thermoplastic part with at least one adhesion promoter to provide a coated surface; treating the coated surface with plasma to provide an activated surface; and bonding the first thermoplastic part and the second thermoplastic part at the activated surface with at least one adhesive to form the thermoplastic composite structure; wherein the activated surface has a contact angle in the range of from about 0 to about 40Β°; and wherein the presence of the at least one adhesion promoter is effective to maintain the contact angle in the range of from about 0 to about 40Β° for a time of about 10 days or greater. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one adhesion promoter is selected from the group consisting of PEG-silane, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 3-Glycidoxypropyl methyldimethoxysilane, 3-Chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, zirconium acetylacetonate, and combinations thereof. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the thermoplastic composite structure has a bond strength of from about 20 to about 30 MPa. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one adhesive material is epoxy. 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
coating at least a portion of a surface of the second thermoplastic part with at least one second adhesion promoter to provide a coated surface; treating the coated surface of the second thermoplastic part with plasma to provide a second activated surface; and bonding the first thermoplastic part and the second thermoplastic part to create a bond, such that the activated surface is adjacent to and facing the second activated surface at the bond; wherein the second activated surface has a second contact angle in the range of from about 0 to about 40Β°; and wherein the presence of the at least one second adhesion promoter is effective to maintain the second contact angle in the range of from about 0 to about 40Β° for a time of about 10 days or greater. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the first thermoplastic part comprises polyether ether ketone. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the second thermoplastic part comprises polyether ether ketone. 17. A thermoplastic composite structure formed according to the method of claim 10. 18. The thermoplastic composite structure of claim 17, wherein the thermoplastic composite structure is configured for use in an aerospace vehicle. | The present disclosure provides a method of enhancing the shelf-life of an activated surface of a thermoplastic material, including: coating at least a portion of a surface of the thermoplastic material with at least one adhesion promoter to provide a coated surface; and treating the coated surface with plasma to provide the activated surface of the thermoplastic material; wherein the activated surface has a contact angle in the range of from about 0 to about 40Β°; and wherein the presence of the at least one adhesion promoter is effective to maintain the contact angle in the range of from about 0 to about 40Β° for a time of about 10 days or greater.1. A method of enhancing the shelf-life of an activated surface of a thermoplastic material, comprising:
coating at least a portion of a surface of the thermoplastic material with at least one adhesion promoter to provide a coated surface; and treating the coated surface with plasma to provide the activated surface of the thermoplastic material; wherein the activated surface has a contact angle in the range of from about 0 to about 40Β°; and wherein the presence of the at least one adhesion promoter is effective to maintain the contact angle in the range of from about 0 to about 40Β° for a time of about 10 days or greater. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one adhesion promoter is selected from the group consisting of PEG-silane, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 3-Glycidoxypropyl methyldimethoxysilane, 3-Chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, zirconium acetylacetonate, and combinations thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one adhesion promoter is PEG-silane. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one adhesion promoter is a silane. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the presence of the at least one adhesion promoter is effective to maintain the contact angle in the range of from about 0 to about 40Β° for a time of about 15 days or greater. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the presence of the at least one adhesion promoter is effective to maintain the contact angle in the range of from about 0 to about 40Β° for a time of about 25 days or greater. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the coated surface has an adhesion promoter coating layer having a thickness of from about 2 to about 12 microns. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic material is polyether ether ketone. 9. A thermoplastic material having at least one activated surface prepared according to the method of claim 1. 10. A method of forming a thermoplastic composite structure, comprising:
providing a first thermoplastic part and a second thermoplastic part; coating at least a portion of a surface of the first thermoplastic part with at least one adhesion promoter to provide a coated surface; treating the coated surface with plasma to provide an activated surface; and bonding the first thermoplastic part and the second thermoplastic part at the activated surface with at least one adhesive to form the thermoplastic composite structure; wherein the activated surface has a contact angle in the range of from about 0 to about 40Β°; and wherein the presence of the at least one adhesion promoter is effective to maintain the contact angle in the range of from about 0 to about 40Β° for a time of about 10 days or greater. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one adhesion promoter is selected from the group consisting of PEG-silane, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 3-Glycidoxypropyl methyldimethoxysilane, 3-Chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, zirconium acetylacetonate, and combinations thereof. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the thermoplastic composite structure has a bond strength of from about 20 to about 30 MPa. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one adhesive material is epoxy. 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
coating at least a portion of a surface of the second thermoplastic part with at least one second adhesion promoter to provide a coated surface; treating the coated surface of the second thermoplastic part with plasma to provide a second activated surface; and bonding the first thermoplastic part and the second thermoplastic part to create a bond, such that the activated surface is adjacent to and facing the second activated surface at the bond; wherein the second activated surface has a second contact angle in the range of from about 0 to about 40Β°; and wherein the presence of the at least one second adhesion promoter is effective to maintain the second contact angle in the range of from about 0 to about 40Β° for a time of about 10 days or greater. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the first thermoplastic part comprises polyether ether ketone. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the second thermoplastic part comprises polyether ether ketone. 17. A thermoplastic composite structure formed according to the method of claim 10. 18. The thermoplastic composite structure of claim 17, wherein the thermoplastic composite structure is configured for use in an aerospace vehicle. | 3,600 |
349,207 | 16,806,765 | 3,692 | A surface cleaning apparatus comprises an air treatment member having an air treatment chamber. A moveable member is positioned in the air treatment chamber. A handle is drivingly connected to the moveable member by a driving linkage wherein part of the driving linkage extends through an opening in an end wall of the air treatment member, whereby the moveable member is longitudinally translatable through at least a portion of the chamber | 1. A surface cleaning apparatus comprising:
(a) an air flow path extending from a dirty air inlet to a clean air outlet; (b) an air treatment member having an air treatment chamber positioned in the air flow path, the air treatment chamber comprising an air treatment chamber air inlet, an air treatment chamber air outlet, an openable first end, a longitudinally spaced apart second end having the air treatment chamber air outlet and a longitudinally extending sidewall, wherein the air treatment chamber air outlet comprises a longitudinally extending porous member having a longitudinally extending porous sidewall; (c) a suction motor positioned in the air flow path upstream of the clean air outlet; (d) a moveable member positioned in the air treatment chamber, the moveable member comprising at least one of the porous member and a cleaning member positioned in the air treatment chamber between the sidewall of the air treatment chamber and the porous sidewall; and, (e) a handle that is drivingly connected to the moveable member by a driving linkage and part of the driving linkage extends through the opening in the second end whereby the moveable member is longitudinally translatable through at least a portion of the chamber. 2. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the moveable member is moveable from an operating position in which the moveable member is positioned towards the second end and a cleaned position in which the moveable member is translated longitudinally away from the second end. 3. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 2 wherein in the cleaned position, at least a portion of the moveable member is exterior of the air treatment chamber. 4. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the moveable member comprises the cleaning member and the cleaning member is moveable from an operating position in which the cleaning member abuts the second end and a cleaned position in which the moveable member is translated longitudinally away from the second end. 5. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the cleaning member comprises an annular member. 6. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the air treatment member comprises a cyclone having a centrally positioned cyclone axis of rotation. 7. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the porous member is tapered towards the openable first end. 8. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a dirt collection chamber external to the air treatment member chamber and the air treatment member chamber has a dirt outlet in communication with the dirt collection chamber. 9. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first end is openable in response to the moveable member being longitudinally translatable through the chamber. 10. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an openable lock operable between a locked position in which the first end is secured in a closed position and an open position in which the first end is moveable to an open position and the lock is moveable from the locked position to the open position in response to the moveable member being longitudinally translatable through the chamber. 11. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 10 wherein the driving linkage operably engages the lock to move the lock from the locked position to the open position as the moveable member is longitudinally translated through the chamber. 12. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 11 wherein the driving linkage comprises a longitudinally extending drive rod. 13. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 11 wherein the driving linkage operably engages the first end to open the first end as the moveable member is longitudinally translated through the chamber. 14. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 10 wherein the moveable member operably engages the lock to move the lock from the locked position to the open position as the moveable member is longitudinally translated through the chamber. 15. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the driving linkage has a portion that travels longitudinally through the opening, wherein a sealing member is associated with the opening. 16. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 15 wherein the sealing member comprises a deformable member provided in or adjacent the opening. | A surface cleaning apparatus comprises an air treatment member having an air treatment chamber. A moveable member is positioned in the air treatment chamber. A handle is drivingly connected to the moveable member by a driving linkage wherein part of the driving linkage extends through an opening in an end wall of the air treatment member, whereby the moveable member is longitudinally translatable through at least a portion of the chamber1. A surface cleaning apparatus comprising:
(a) an air flow path extending from a dirty air inlet to a clean air outlet; (b) an air treatment member having an air treatment chamber positioned in the air flow path, the air treatment chamber comprising an air treatment chamber air inlet, an air treatment chamber air outlet, an openable first end, a longitudinally spaced apart second end having the air treatment chamber air outlet and a longitudinally extending sidewall, wherein the air treatment chamber air outlet comprises a longitudinally extending porous member having a longitudinally extending porous sidewall; (c) a suction motor positioned in the air flow path upstream of the clean air outlet; (d) a moveable member positioned in the air treatment chamber, the moveable member comprising at least one of the porous member and a cleaning member positioned in the air treatment chamber between the sidewall of the air treatment chamber and the porous sidewall; and, (e) a handle that is drivingly connected to the moveable member by a driving linkage and part of the driving linkage extends through the opening in the second end whereby the moveable member is longitudinally translatable through at least a portion of the chamber. 2. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the moveable member is moveable from an operating position in which the moveable member is positioned towards the second end and a cleaned position in which the moveable member is translated longitudinally away from the second end. 3. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 2 wherein in the cleaned position, at least a portion of the moveable member is exterior of the air treatment chamber. 4. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the moveable member comprises the cleaning member and the cleaning member is moveable from an operating position in which the cleaning member abuts the second end and a cleaned position in which the moveable member is translated longitudinally away from the second end. 5. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the cleaning member comprises an annular member. 6. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the air treatment member comprises a cyclone having a centrally positioned cyclone axis of rotation. 7. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the porous member is tapered towards the openable first end. 8. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a dirt collection chamber external to the air treatment member chamber and the air treatment member chamber has a dirt outlet in communication with the dirt collection chamber. 9. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first end is openable in response to the moveable member being longitudinally translatable through the chamber. 10. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an openable lock operable between a locked position in which the first end is secured in a closed position and an open position in which the first end is moveable to an open position and the lock is moveable from the locked position to the open position in response to the moveable member being longitudinally translatable through the chamber. 11. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 10 wherein the driving linkage operably engages the lock to move the lock from the locked position to the open position as the moveable member is longitudinally translated through the chamber. 12. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 11 wherein the driving linkage comprises a longitudinally extending drive rod. 13. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 11 wherein the driving linkage operably engages the first end to open the first end as the moveable member is longitudinally translated through the chamber. 14. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 10 wherein the moveable member operably engages the lock to move the lock from the locked position to the open position as the moveable member is longitudinally translated through the chamber. 15. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the driving linkage has a portion that travels longitudinally through the opening, wherein a sealing member is associated with the opening. 16. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 15 wherein the sealing member comprises a deformable member provided in or adjacent the opening. | 3,600 |
349,208 | 16,806,738 | 3,692 | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described that provide for the management of different operation modes in wireless systems. For example, wireless device(s) may operate in a high pathloss operation mode or a normal pathloss operation mode based on the pathloss experienced between the transmitting and receiving devices. In some cases, a first wireless device may transmit a message to a second wireless device to configure a bandwidth part (BWP) for high pathloss mode communications. The message may be transmitted via control signaling and after receipt of the message, the second wireless device may enter a high pathloss mode for communications with the first wireless device (e.g., after a given time duration). Some parameters may be configurable (e.g., transmission duration, coding scheme) between high pathloss mode and normal pathloss mode, while other parameters may remain the same (e.g., processing time, switching time). | 1. A method for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:
determining a communication configuration for a second wireless device, the communication configuration indicating one or more configuration parameters for a bandwidth part, a length of a synchronization signal block, or a combination thereof, associated with a first mode; transmitting an indication of the communication configuration to the second wireless device for operating in the first mode, wherein a first length of a first transmission time interval associated with the first mode is different from a second length of a second transmission time interval associated with a second mode; and communicating with the second wireless device operating in the first mode based at least in part on the one or more configuration parameters. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first mode is a first pathloss mode; and the second mode is a second pathloss mode. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first pathloss mode is a high pathloss mode and the second pathloss mode is a normal mode. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
operating in the first mode for communications with the second wireless device; and transmitting the indication of the communication configuration to the second wireless device for the second wireless device to communicate based at least in part on operating in the first mode. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
communicating with the second wireless device after a time duration indicated by the communication configuration. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting an information element for at least one of the bandwidth part, the synchronization signal block, or the combination thereof, in the one or more configuration parameters, the information element indicating that at least one of the bandwidth part, the synchronization signal block, or the combination thereof, is configured for the first mode. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the one or more configuration parameters comprises at least one of control resource set information, channel state information resources, sounding reference signal resources, a transmission time interval duration, tracking reference signal information, or any combination thereof associated with at least one of the bandwidth part, the synchronization signal block, or the combination thereof. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the information element comprises a single bit field. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein:
at least a portion of the one or more configuration parameters are the same as one or more configuration parameters for at least one of a second bandwidth part, a second length of a synchronization signal block, or a combination thereof, associated with the second mode; and a processing time parameter, a transmission beam parameter, a latency parameter, or any combination thereof of the one or more configuration parameters is the same as a corresponding parameter of the one or more configuration parameters for at least one of the second bandwidth part, the second synchronization signal block, or the combination thereof. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting the indication of the communication configuration via radio resource control signaling or downlink control information or both. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
configuring the bandwidth part for the second wireless device for communications in the first mode, the bandwidth part comprising one of a downlink bandwidth part or an uplink bandwidth part, wherein the configuration parameters are for the bandwidth part; and configuring a second bandwidth part for the second wireless device for communications in the second mode. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the first wireless device and the second wireless device are integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes operating in an TAB network. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the first length of the first transmission time interval associated with the first mode is longer than the second length of the second transmission time interval associated with the second mode. 14. A method for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:
receiving, from a second wireless device, an indication of a communication configuration for operating in a first mode, the communication configuration indicating one or more configuration parameters for at least one of a bandwidth part, a length of a synchronization signal block, or a combination thereof, associated with the first mode; and communicating with the second wireless device in the first mode based at least in part on the one or more configuration parameters, wherein a first length of a first transmission time interval associated with the first mode is different from a second length of a second transmission time interval associated with a second mode. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the first mode is a first pathloss mode; and the second mode is a second pathloss mode. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first pathloss mode is a high pathloss mode and the second pathloss mode is a normal mode. 17. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
receiving the indication of the communication configuration to communicate based at least in part on the first wireless device operating in the first mode; and communicating after a time duration indicated by the communication configuration. 18. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
identifying an information element associated with at least one of the bandwidth part, the synchronization signal block, or the combination thereof in the one or more configuration parameters, the information element indicating that the at least one of the bandwidth part, the synchronization signal block, or the combination thereof is configured for the first mode. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein:
the one or more configuration parameters comprises at least one of control resource set information, channel state information resources, sounding reference signal resources, a transmission time interval duration, tracking reference signal information, or any combination thereof associated with the at least one of the bandwidth part, they synchronization signal block, or the combination thereof; and the information element comprises a single bit field. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein:
at least one of the one or more configuration parameters are the same as one or more configuration parameters for at least one of a second bandwidth part, a second synchronization signal block, or a combination thereof associated with the second mode; and wherein a processing time parameter, a transmission beam parameter, a latency parameter, or any combination thereof of the one or more configuration parameters is the same as a corresponding parameter of one or more configuration parameters for the at least one of the second bandwidth part, the second synchronization block, or the combination thereof. 21. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
receiving the indication of the communication configuration via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or downlink control information (DCI) or both. 22. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
configuring the bandwidth part for the first wireless device for communications in the first mode, the bandwidth part comprising one of a downlink bandwidth part or an uplink bandwidth part, wherein the configuration parameters are for the bandwidth part; and configuring a second bandwidth part for the first wireless device for communications in the second mode. 23. The method of claim 14, wherein the first wireless device and the second wireless device are integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes operating in an TAB network. 24. The method of claim 14, wherein the first length of the first transmission time interval associated with the first mode is longer than the second length of the second transmission time interval associated with the second mode. 25. A method for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:
communicating with a second wireless device according to a current mode; determining a communication configuration for the second wireless device, the communication configuration comprising one or more configuration parameters for at least one of a bandwidth part, a length of a synchronization signal block, or a combination thereof, associated with a first mode; and communicating with the second wireless device according to the first mode based at least in part on the one or more configuration parameters, wherein a first length of a first transmission time interval associated with the first mode is different from a second length of a second transmission time interval associated with a second mode. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the determining further comprises:
monitoring whether the second wireless device moves to the first mode. 27. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
entering the first mode for communications with the second wireless device; and communicating with the second wireless device via the at least one of the bandwidth part, the synchronization signal block, or the combination thereof after a time duration after entering the first mode. 28. The method of claim 25, wherein at least one of the one or more configuration parameters are the same as one or more configuration parameters for at least one of a second bandwidth part, a second synchronization signal block, or a combination thereof associated with the second mode. 29. The method of claim 25, wherein the first length of the first transmission time interval associated with the first mode is longer than the second length of the second transmission time interval associated with the second mode. 30. An apparatus for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:
a processor; and memory coupled to the processor, the processor and memory configured to:
determine a communication configuration for a second wireless device, the communication configuration indicating one or more configuration parameters for at least one of a bandwidth part, a length of a synchronization signal block, or a combination thereof, associated with a first mode;
transmit an indication of the communication configuration to the second wireless device for operating in the first mode, wherein a first length of a first transmission time interval associated with the first mode is different from a second length of a second transmission time interval associated with a second mode; and
communicate with the second wireless device operating in the first mode based at least in part on the one or more configuration parameters. | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described that provide for the management of different operation modes in wireless systems. For example, wireless device(s) may operate in a high pathloss operation mode or a normal pathloss operation mode based on the pathloss experienced between the transmitting and receiving devices. In some cases, a first wireless device may transmit a message to a second wireless device to configure a bandwidth part (BWP) for high pathloss mode communications. The message may be transmitted via control signaling and after receipt of the message, the second wireless device may enter a high pathloss mode for communications with the first wireless device (e.g., after a given time duration). Some parameters may be configurable (e.g., transmission duration, coding scheme) between high pathloss mode and normal pathloss mode, while other parameters may remain the same (e.g., processing time, switching time).1. A method for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:
determining a communication configuration for a second wireless device, the communication configuration indicating one or more configuration parameters for a bandwidth part, a length of a synchronization signal block, or a combination thereof, associated with a first mode; transmitting an indication of the communication configuration to the second wireless device for operating in the first mode, wherein a first length of a first transmission time interval associated with the first mode is different from a second length of a second transmission time interval associated with a second mode; and communicating with the second wireless device operating in the first mode based at least in part on the one or more configuration parameters. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first mode is a first pathloss mode; and the second mode is a second pathloss mode. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first pathloss mode is a high pathloss mode and the second pathloss mode is a normal mode. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
operating in the first mode for communications with the second wireless device; and transmitting the indication of the communication configuration to the second wireless device for the second wireless device to communicate based at least in part on operating in the first mode. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
communicating with the second wireless device after a time duration indicated by the communication configuration. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting an information element for at least one of the bandwidth part, the synchronization signal block, or the combination thereof, in the one or more configuration parameters, the information element indicating that at least one of the bandwidth part, the synchronization signal block, or the combination thereof, is configured for the first mode. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the one or more configuration parameters comprises at least one of control resource set information, channel state information resources, sounding reference signal resources, a transmission time interval duration, tracking reference signal information, or any combination thereof associated with at least one of the bandwidth part, the synchronization signal block, or the combination thereof. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the information element comprises a single bit field. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein:
at least a portion of the one or more configuration parameters are the same as one or more configuration parameters for at least one of a second bandwidth part, a second length of a synchronization signal block, or a combination thereof, associated with the second mode; and a processing time parameter, a transmission beam parameter, a latency parameter, or any combination thereof of the one or more configuration parameters is the same as a corresponding parameter of the one or more configuration parameters for at least one of the second bandwidth part, the second synchronization signal block, or the combination thereof. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting the indication of the communication configuration via radio resource control signaling or downlink control information or both. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
configuring the bandwidth part for the second wireless device for communications in the first mode, the bandwidth part comprising one of a downlink bandwidth part or an uplink bandwidth part, wherein the configuration parameters are for the bandwidth part; and configuring a second bandwidth part for the second wireless device for communications in the second mode. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the first wireless device and the second wireless device are integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes operating in an TAB network. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the first length of the first transmission time interval associated with the first mode is longer than the second length of the second transmission time interval associated with the second mode. 14. A method for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:
receiving, from a second wireless device, an indication of a communication configuration for operating in a first mode, the communication configuration indicating one or more configuration parameters for at least one of a bandwidth part, a length of a synchronization signal block, or a combination thereof, associated with the first mode; and communicating with the second wireless device in the first mode based at least in part on the one or more configuration parameters, wherein a first length of a first transmission time interval associated with the first mode is different from a second length of a second transmission time interval associated with a second mode. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the first mode is a first pathloss mode; and the second mode is a second pathloss mode. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first pathloss mode is a high pathloss mode and the second pathloss mode is a normal mode. 17. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
receiving the indication of the communication configuration to communicate based at least in part on the first wireless device operating in the first mode; and communicating after a time duration indicated by the communication configuration. 18. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
identifying an information element associated with at least one of the bandwidth part, the synchronization signal block, or the combination thereof in the one or more configuration parameters, the information element indicating that the at least one of the bandwidth part, the synchronization signal block, or the combination thereof is configured for the first mode. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein:
the one or more configuration parameters comprises at least one of control resource set information, channel state information resources, sounding reference signal resources, a transmission time interval duration, tracking reference signal information, or any combination thereof associated with the at least one of the bandwidth part, they synchronization signal block, or the combination thereof; and the information element comprises a single bit field. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein:
at least one of the one or more configuration parameters are the same as one or more configuration parameters for at least one of a second bandwidth part, a second synchronization signal block, or a combination thereof associated with the second mode; and wherein a processing time parameter, a transmission beam parameter, a latency parameter, or any combination thereof of the one or more configuration parameters is the same as a corresponding parameter of one or more configuration parameters for the at least one of the second bandwidth part, the second synchronization block, or the combination thereof. 21. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
receiving the indication of the communication configuration via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or downlink control information (DCI) or both. 22. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
configuring the bandwidth part for the first wireless device for communications in the first mode, the bandwidth part comprising one of a downlink bandwidth part or an uplink bandwidth part, wherein the configuration parameters are for the bandwidth part; and configuring a second bandwidth part for the first wireless device for communications in the second mode. 23. The method of claim 14, wherein the first wireless device and the second wireless device are integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes operating in an TAB network. 24. The method of claim 14, wherein the first length of the first transmission time interval associated with the first mode is longer than the second length of the second transmission time interval associated with the second mode. 25. A method for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:
communicating with a second wireless device according to a current mode; determining a communication configuration for the second wireless device, the communication configuration comprising one or more configuration parameters for at least one of a bandwidth part, a length of a synchronization signal block, or a combination thereof, associated with a first mode; and communicating with the second wireless device according to the first mode based at least in part on the one or more configuration parameters, wherein a first length of a first transmission time interval associated with the first mode is different from a second length of a second transmission time interval associated with a second mode. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the determining further comprises:
monitoring whether the second wireless device moves to the first mode. 27. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
entering the first mode for communications with the second wireless device; and communicating with the second wireless device via the at least one of the bandwidth part, the synchronization signal block, or the combination thereof after a time duration after entering the first mode. 28. The method of claim 25, wherein at least one of the one or more configuration parameters are the same as one or more configuration parameters for at least one of a second bandwidth part, a second synchronization signal block, or a combination thereof associated with the second mode. 29. The method of claim 25, wherein the first length of the first transmission time interval associated with the first mode is longer than the second length of the second transmission time interval associated with the second mode. 30. An apparatus for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:
a processor; and memory coupled to the processor, the processor and memory configured to:
determine a communication configuration for a second wireless device, the communication configuration indicating one or more configuration parameters for at least one of a bandwidth part, a length of a synchronization signal block, or a combination thereof, associated with a first mode;
transmit an indication of the communication configuration to the second wireless device for operating in the first mode, wherein a first length of a first transmission time interval associated with the first mode is different from a second length of a second transmission time interval associated with a second mode; and
communicate with the second wireless device operating in the first mode based at least in part on the one or more configuration parameters. | 3,600 |
349,209 | 16,806,750 | 3,692 | Semiconductor devices having interconnect structures with narrowed portions configured to mitigate thermomechanical stresses, and associated systems and methods, are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a semiconductor package includes a semiconductor die and a pillar structure coupled to the semiconductor die. The pillar structure can include an end portion away from the semiconductor die, the end portion having a first cross-sectional area. The pillar structure can further include a narrowed portion between the end portion and the semiconductor die, the narrowed portion having a second cross-sectional area less than the first-cross-sectional area of the end portion. A bond material can be coupled to the end portion of the pillar structure. | 1. A semiconductor package, comprising:
a semiconductor die; a pillar structure coupled to the semiconductor die, wherein the pillar structure includesβ
an end portion away from the semiconductor die, the end portion having a first cross-sectional area, and
a narrowed portion between the end portion and the semiconductor die, the narrowed portion having a second cross-sectional area less than the first-cross-sectional area of the end portion; and
a bond material coupled to the end portion of the pillar structure. 2. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the pillar structure comprises a conductive metal. 3. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the end portion has a first diameter and the narrowed portion has a second diameter less than the first diameter. 4. The semiconductor package of claim 3 wherein the second diameter is at least 50% less than the first diameter. 5. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the pillar structure comprises an elongated or cylindrical shape, and the narrowed portion is defined by a groove formed in an outer surface of the elongated or cylindrical shape. 6. The semiconductor package of claim 5 wherein the groove extends along an entire circumference of the outer surface of the elongated or cylindrical shape. 7. The semiconductor package of claim 5 wherein the groove extends along only a portion of a circumference of the outer surface of the elongated or cylindrical shape. 8. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the pillar structure includes a plurality of narrowed portions each having a respective cross-sectional area less than the first cross-sectional area of the end portion. 9. The semiconductor package of claim 8 wherein the pillar structure comprises an elongated or cylindrical shape, and the plurality of narrowed portions are defined by a corresponding plurality of grooves formed in an outer surface of the elongated or cylindrical shape. 10. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the narrowed portion is coupled to the semiconductor die. 11. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the pillar structure includes a second end portion coupled to the semiconductor die, the narrowed portion being located between the end portion and the second end portion, wherein the second end portion has a third cross-sectional area greater than the second cross-sectional area of the narrowed portion. 12. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the pillar structure is coupled to an insulating material on a surface of the semiconductor die. 13. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the pillar structure is electrically coupled to a bond pad on a surface of the semiconductor die. 14. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor package, the method comprising:
forming a pillar structure on a semiconductor die, wherein the pillar structure includesβ
an end portion away from the semiconductor die, the end portion having a first cross-sectional area, and
a narrowed portion between the end portion and the semiconductor die, the narrowed portion having a second cross-sectional area less than the first-cross-sectional area of the end portion; and
positioning a bond material on the end portion of the pillar structure. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein forming the pillar structure comprises:
forming the narrowed portion, and
forming the end portion after forming the narrowed portion. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein forming the pillar structure further comprises forming a second end portion on the semiconductor die prior to forming the narrowed portion, the second end portion having a third cross-sectional area greater than the second cross-sectional area of the narrowed portion. 17. The method of claim 15 wherein:
forming the narrowed portion comprises depositing a pillar material using a first mask geometry, and
forming the end portion comprises depositing the pillar material using a second, different mask geometry. 18. The method of claim 14 wherein forming the pillar structure comprises:
depositing a pillar material on the semiconductor die; and
removing a portion of the pillar material to form the narrowed portion. 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising coupling the bond material to a package substrate or a second semiconductor die. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising electrically coupling the semiconductor die to the package substrate or the second semiconductor die. | Semiconductor devices having interconnect structures with narrowed portions configured to mitigate thermomechanical stresses, and associated systems and methods, are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a semiconductor package includes a semiconductor die and a pillar structure coupled to the semiconductor die. The pillar structure can include an end portion away from the semiconductor die, the end portion having a first cross-sectional area. The pillar structure can further include a narrowed portion between the end portion and the semiconductor die, the narrowed portion having a second cross-sectional area less than the first-cross-sectional area of the end portion. A bond material can be coupled to the end portion of the pillar structure.1. A semiconductor package, comprising:
a semiconductor die; a pillar structure coupled to the semiconductor die, wherein the pillar structure includesβ
an end portion away from the semiconductor die, the end portion having a first cross-sectional area, and
a narrowed portion between the end portion and the semiconductor die, the narrowed portion having a second cross-sectional area less than the first-cross-sectional area of the end portion; and
a bond material coupled to the end portion of the pillar structure. 2. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the pillar structure comprises a conductive metal. 3. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the end portion has a first diameter and the narrowed portion has a second diameter less than the first diameter. 4. The semiconductor package of claim 3 wherein the second diameter is at least 50% less than the first diameter. 5. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the pillar structure comprises an elongated or cylindrical shape, and the narrowed portion is defined by a groove formed in an outer surface of the elongated or cylindrical shape. 6. The semiconductor package of claim 5 wherein the groove extends along an entire circumference of the outer surface of the elongated or cylindrical shape. 7. The semiconductor package of claim 5 wherein the groove extends along only a portion of a circumference of the outer surface of the elongated or cylindrical shape. 8. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the pillar structure includes a plurality of narrowed portions each having a respective cross-sectional area less than the first cross-sectional area of the end portion. 9. The semiconductor package of claim 8 wherein the pillar structure comprises an elongated or cylindrical shape, and the plurality of narrowed portions are defined by a corresponding plurality of grooves formed in an outer surface of the elongated or cylindrical shape. 10. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the narrowed portion is coupled to the semiconductor die. 11. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the pillar structure includes a second end portion coupled to the semiconductor die, the narrowed portion being located between the end portion and the second end portion, wherein the second end portion has a third cross-sectional area greater than the second cross-sectional area of the narrowed portion. 12. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the pillar structure is coupled to an insulating material on a surface of the semiconductor die. 13. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the pillar structure is electrically coupled to a bond pad on a surface of the semiconductor die. 14. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor package, the method comprising:
forming a pillar structure on a semiconductor die, wherein the pillar structure includesβ
an end portion away from the semiconductor die, the end portion having a first cross-sectional area, and
a narrowed portion between the end portion and the semiconductor die, the narrowed portion having a second cross-sectional area less than the first-cross-sectional area of the end portion; and
positioning a bond material on the end portion of the pillar structure. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein forming the pillar structure comprises:
forming the narrowed portion, and
forming the end portion after forming the narrowed portion. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein forming the pillar structure further comprises forming a second end portion on the semiconductor die prior to forming the narrowed portion, the second end portion having a third cross-sectional area greater than the second cross-sectional area of the narrowed portion. 17. The method of claim 15 wherein:
forming the narrowed portion comprises depositing a pillar material using a first mask geometry, and
forming the end portion comprises depositing the pillar material using a second, different mask geometry. 18. The method of claim 14 wherein forming the pillar structure comprises:
depositing a pillar material on the semiconductor die; and
removing a portion of the pillar material to form the narrowed portion. 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising coupling the bond material to a package substrate or a second semiconductor die. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising electrically coupling the semiconductor die to the package substrate or the second semiconductor die. | 3,600 |
349,210 | 16,806,731 | 3,692 | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A wireless device may configure one or more first sets of resources of a radio frequency spectrum band associated with a first pathloss mode, and may configure one or more second sets of resources associated with a second pathloss mode. Each set of resources may be configured with some transmission timing parameters and frame structure, such that a transmission time interval (TTI) associated with the first pathloss mode may be different from the TTI associated with the second pathloss mode. The wireless device may communicate with a second wireless device using the one or more first sets of resources based on identifying a pathloss value is below an identified pathloss threshold. Additionally, the wireless device may communicate with a third device using the one or more second sets of resources based on identifying a pathloss value satisfies the identified pathloss threshold. | 1. A method for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:
configuring one or more first sets of resources of a radio frequency spectrum band for communications associated with a first mode; configuring one or more second sets of resources of the radio frequency spectrum band for communications associated with a second mode, wherein a first length of a first transmission time interval associated with the first mode is different from a second length of a second transmission time interval associated with the second mode; communicating with a second wireless device operating in the first mode via the one or more first sets of resources; and communicating with a third wireless device operating in the second mode via the one or more second sets of resources. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first mode is a first pathloss mode and the second mode is a second pathloss mode. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first pathloss mode is a high pathloss mode and the second pathloss mode is a normal mode. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first, second, and third wireless devices are integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes operating in an IAB network. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
configuring a first subset of a set of communication links supported by the first wireless device for the first mode; and configuring a second subset of the set of communication links supported by the first wireless device for the second mode. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
identifying a pathloss associated with the first subset of the set of communication links, wherein the first subset of the set of communication links is configured based at least in part on the identified pathloss. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the one or more first sets of resources are associated with one or more first sets of time resources and one or more first sets of frequency resources; and the one or more second sets of resources are associated with at least a portion of the one or more first sets of time resources and one or more second sets of frequency resources different from the one or more first sets of frequency resources. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the one or more first sets of resources are associated with one or more first sets of time resources and one or more first sets of frequency resources; and the one or more second sets of resources are associated with one or more second sets of time resources different from the one or more first sets of time resources and at least a portion of the one or more first sets of frequency resources. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the one or more first sets of resources are associated with one or more first sets of time resources and one or more first sets of frequency resources; and the one or more second sets of resources are associated with one or more second sets of time resources different from the one or more first sets of time resources and one or more second sets of frequency resources different from the one or more first sets of frequency resources. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more first sets of resources and the one or more second sets of resources are the same. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
communicating with the second wireless device according to a first spatial stream; and communicating with the third wireless device according to a second spatial stream different from the first spatial stream. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
communicating with the second wireless device operating in the first mode via a first communication link associated with the one or more first sets of resources, wherein the first communication link is configured for one of transmission or reception; and communicating with the third wireless device operating in the second mode via a second communication link associated with the one or more second sets of resources, wherein the second communication link is configured for one of transmission or reception independent of the first communication link. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
configuring a set of gaps for communications of the first mode via the one or more first sets of resources; configuring a set of transmission time intervals for communications of the second mode via the one or more second sets of resources; and synchronizing the set of gaps corresponding to the first mode with the set of transmission time intervals corresponding to the second mode. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
transmitting a gap structure associated with the set of gaps, wherein the gap structure indicates respective locations and lengths corresponding to the set of gaps. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
transmitting the gap structure via a slot format indicator. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
configuring a first set of gaps, a first set of transmission time intervals associated with transmission, and a first set of transmission time intervals associated with reception for communications of the first mode via the one or more first sets of resources; configuring a second set of gaps, a second set of transmission time intervals associated with transmission, and a second set of transmission time intervals associated with reception for communications of the second mode via the one or more second sets of resources; and synchronizing the first and the second sets of gaps, the first and the second sets of transmission time intervals associated with transmission, and the first and the second sets of transmission time intervals associated with reception. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
transmitting a gap structure indicating respective locations and lengths for one or more gaps of the first set of gaps or the second set of gaps, or both. 18. A method for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:
configuring one or more sets of resources of a radio frequency spectrum band for communications associated with a first mode, wherein a first length of a first transmission time interval associated with the first mode is different from a second length of a second transmission time interval associated with a second mode; and communicating with a second wireless device in the first mode using a communication link via the one or more sets of resources. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first mode is a first pathloss mode and the second mode is a second pathloss mode. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
configuring one or more second sets of resources of the radio frequency spectrum band for communications associated with the second mode; and communicating with the second wireless device in the second mode using a second communication link via the one or more second sets of resources. 21. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
receiving, from the second wireless device, an indication to switch from the first mode to the second mode; and communicating with the second wireless device in the second mode based at least in part on the indication. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein:
the one or more first sets of resources are associated with one or more first sets of time resources and one or more first sets of frequency resources; and the one or more second sets of resources are associated with at least a portion of the one or more first sets of time resources and one or more second sets of frequency resources different from the one or more first sets of frequency resources. 23. The method of claim 20, wherein:
the one or more first sets of resources are associated with one or more first sets of time resources and one or more first sets of frequency resources; and the one or more second sets of resources are associated with one or more second sets of time resources different from the one or more first sets of time resources and at least a portion of the one or more first sets of frequency resources. 24. The method of claim 20, wherein:
the one or more first sets of resources are associated with one or more first sets of time resources and one or more first sets of frequency resources; and the one or more second sets of resources are associated with one or more second sets of time resources different from the one or more first sets of time resources and one or more second sets of frequency resources different from the one or more first sets of frequency resources. 25. The method of claim 20, wherein the one or more first sets of resources and the one or more second sets of resources are the same. 26. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
receiving, from the second wireless device, a gap structure associated with one or more gaps for the first mode, wherein the gap structure indicates respective locations and lengths corresponding to the one or more gaps; and communicating with the second wireless device based at least in part on the gap structure. 27. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
receiving the gap structure via a slot format indicator. 28. An apparatus for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:
a processor; and memory coupled to the processor, the processor and memory configured to:
configure one or more first sets of resources of a radio frequency spectrum band for communications associated with a first mode;
configure one or more second sets of resources of the radio frequency spectrum band for communications associated with a second mode, wherein a first length of a first transmission time interval associated with the first mode is different from a second length of a second transmission time interval associated with the second mode;
communicate with a second wireless device operating in the first mode via the one or more first sets of resources; and
communicate with a third wireless device operating in the second mode via the one or more second sets of resources. 29. An apparatus for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:
a processor; and memory coupled to the processor, the processor and memory configured to:
configure one or more sets of resources of a radio frequency spectrum band for communications associated with a first mode, wherein a first length of a first transmission time interval associated with the first mode is different from a second length of a second transmission time interval associated with a second mode; and
communicate with a second wireless device in the first mode using a communication link via the one or more sets of resources. | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A wireless device may configure one or more first sets of resources of a radio frequency spectrum band associated with a first pathloss mode, and may configure one or more second sets of resources associated with a second pathloss mode. Each set of resources may be configured with some transmission timing parameters and frame structure, such that a transmission time interval (TTI) associated with the first pathloss mode may be different from the TTI associated with the second pathloss mode. The wireless device may communicate with a second wireless device using the one or more first sets of resources based on identifying a pathloss value is below an identified pathloss threshold. Additionally, the wireless device may communicate with a third device using the one or more second sets of resources based on identifying a pathloss value satisfies the identified pathloss threshold.1. A method for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:
configuring one or more first sets of resources of a radio frequency spectrum band for communications associated with a first mode; configuring one or more second sets of resources of the radio frequency spectrum band for communications associated with a second mode, wherein a first length of a first transmission time interval associated with the first mode is different from a second length of a second transmission time interval associated with the second mode; communicating with a second wireless device operating in the first mode via the one or more first sets of resources; and communicating with a third wireless device operating in the second mode via the one or more second sets of resources. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first mode is a first pathloss mode and the second mode is a second pathloss mode. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first pathloss mode is a high pathloss mode and the second pathloss mode is a normal mode. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first, second, and third wireless devices are integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes operating in an IAB network. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
configuring a first subset of a set of communication links supported by the first wireless device for the first mode; and configuring a second subset of the set of communication links supported by the first wireless device for the second mode. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
identifying a pathloss associated with the first subset of the set of communication links, wherein the first subset of the set of communication links is configured based at least in part on the identified pathloss. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the one or more first sets of resources are associated with one or more first sets of time resources and one or more first sets of frequency resources; and the one or more second sets of resources are associated with at least a portion of the one or more first sets of time resources and one or more second sets of frequency resources different from the one or more first sets of frequency resources. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the one or more first sets of resources are associated with one or more first sets of time resources and one or more first sets of frequency resources; and the one or more second sets of resources are associated with one or more second sets of time resources different from the one or more first sets of time resources and at least a portion of the one or more first sets of frequency resources. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the one or more first sets of resources are associated with one or more first sets of time resources and one or more first sets of frequency resources; and the one or more second sets of resources are associated with one or more second sets of time resources different from the one or more first sets of time resources and one or more second sets of frequency resources different from the one or more first sets of frequency resources. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more first sets of resources and the one or more second sets of resources are the same. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
communicating with the second wireless device according to a first spatial stream; and communicating with the third wireless device according to a second spatial stream different from the first spatial stream. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
communicating with the second wireless device operating in the first mode via a first communication link associated with the one or more first sets of resources, wherein the first communication link is configured for one of transmission or reception; and communicating with the third wireless device operating in the second mode via a second communication link associated with the one or more second sets of resources, wherein the second communication link is configured for one of transmission or reception independent of the first communication link. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
configuring a set of gaps for communications of the first mode via the one or more first sets of resources; configuring a set of transmission time intervals for communications of the second mode via the one or more second sets of resources; and synchronizing the set of gaps corresponding to the first mode with the set of transmission time intervals corresponding to the second mode. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
transmitting a gap structure associated with the set of gaps, wherein the gap structure indicates respective locations and lengths corresponding to the set of gaps. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
transmitting the gap structure via a slot format indicator. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
configuring a first set of gaps, a first set of transmission time intervals associated with transmission, and a first set of transmission time intervals associated with reception for communications of the first mode via the one or more first sets of resources; configuring a second set of gaps, a second set of transmission time intervals associated with transmission, and a second set of transmission time intervals associated with reception for communications of the second mode via the one or more second sets of resources; and synchronizing the first and the second sets of gaps, the first and the second sets of transmission time intervals associated with transmission, and the first and the second sets of transmission time intervals associated with reception. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
transmitting a gap structure indicating respective locations and lengths for one or more gaps of the first set of gaps or the second set of gaps, or both. 18. A method for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:
configuring one or more sets of resources of a radio frequency spectrum band for communications associated with a first mode, wherein a first length of a first transmission time interval associated with the first mode is different from a second length of a second transmission time interval associated with a second mode; and communicating with a second wireless device in the first mode using a communication link via the one or more sets of resources. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first mode is a first pathloss mode and the second mode is a second pathloss mode. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
configuring one or more second sets of resources of the radio frequency spectrum band for communications associated with the second mode; and communicating with the second wireless device in the second mode using a second communication link via the one or more second sets of resources. 21. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
receiving, from the second wireless device, an indication to switch from the first mode to the second mode; and communicating with the second wireless device in the second mode based at least in part on the indication. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein:
the one or more first sets of resources are associated with one or more first sets of time resources and one or more first sets of frequency resources; and the one or more second sets of resources are associated with at least a portion of the one or more first sets of time resources and one or more second sets of frequency resources different from the one or more first sets of frequency resources. 23. The method of claim 20, wherein:
the one or more first sets of resources are associated with one or more first sets of time resources and one or more first sets of frequency resources; and the one or more second sets of resources are associated with one or more second sets of time resources different from the one or more first sets of time resources and at least a portion of the one or more first sets of frequency resources. 24. The method of claim 20, wherein:
the one or more first sets of resources are associated with one or more first sets of time resources and one or more first sets of frequency resources; and the one or more second sets of resources are associated with one or more second sets of time resources different from the one or more first sets of time resources and one or more second sets of frequency resources different from the one or more first sets of frequency resources. 25. The method of claim 20, wherein the one or more first sets of resources and the one or more second sets of resources are the same. 26. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
receiving, from the second wireless device, a gap structure associated with one or more gaps for the first mode, wherein the gap structure indicates respective locations and lengths corresponding to the one or more gaps; and communicating with the second wireless device based at least in part on the gap structure. 27. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
receiving the gap structure via a slot format indicator. 28. An apparatus for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:
a processor; and memory coupled to the processor, the processor and memory configured to:
configure one or more first sets of resources of a radio frequency spectrum band for communications associated with a first mode;
configure one or more second sets of resources of the radio frequency spectrum band for communications associated with a second mode, wherein a first length of a first transmission time interval associated with the first mode is different from a second length of a second transmission time interval associated with the second mode;
communicate with a second wireless device operating in the first mode via the one or more first sets of resources; and
communicate with a third wireless device operating in the second mode via the one or more second sets of resources. 29. An apparatus for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:
a processor; and memory coupled to the processor, the processor and memory configured to:
configure one or more sets of resources of a radio frequency spectrum band for communications associated with a first mode, wherein a first length of a first transmission time interval associated with the first mode is different from a second length of a second transmission time interval associated with a second mode; and
communicate with a second wireless device in the first mode using a communication link via the one or more sets of resources. | 3,600 |
349,211 | 16,806,787 | 3,692 | Embodiments of the present invention relate to the communications field, and provide an information transmission method, apparatus, and system, which can determine a subframe used in enhanced transmission of first information, improving transmission reliability of the first information. The information transmission method includes: determining a subframe for enhanced transmission of first information, where the first information is a master information block, or the first information is a system information block SIB including a time division duplex TDD configuration, or the first information is an SIB including a multicast-broadcast single-frequency network MBSFN subframe configuration; and performing the enhanced transmission of the first information in the determined subframe for the enhanced transmission of the first information. | 1. An information transmission method comprising:
transmitting first information multiple times in at least one subframe in at least one radio frame, wherein at least one of the transmissions of the first information does not transmit the first information on a resource element of a subframe occupied by an information channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), and a subframe for the transmission of the first information belongs to an applicable paging subframe. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein for a time division duplex (TDD) system, the subframe for the transmission of the first information is:
a subframe 0; or the subframe 0 and a subframe 5. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the subframe 0 is in at least one odd-numbered radio frame. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the subframe 5 and the subframe 0 are in at least one odd-numbered radio frame. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting first information further comprising:
transmitting the first information multiple times in one or more subframes, and the first information is a master information block (MIB); or transmitting the first information multiple times in at least two consecutive radio frames, and the first information is a system information block type 1 (SIB 1). 6. An information transmission method comprising:
receiving first information at least one subframe in at least one radio frame, where a transmission of the first information is transmitted multiple times; wherein the first information is not transmitted on a resource element of a subframe occupied by an information channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS); and a subframe for the transmission of the first information belongs to an applicable paging subframe. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein for a time division duplex (TDD) system, the subframe for the transmission of the first information is:
a subframe 0; or the subframe 0 and a subframe 5. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the subframe 0 is in at least one odd-numbered radio frame. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the subframe 5 and the subframe 0 are in at least one odd-numbered radio frame. 10. The method according to claim 6, wherein receiving first information further comprising:
receiving the first information in one or more subframes, and the first information is a master information block (MIB); or receiving the first information in at least two consecutive radio frames, and the first information is a system information block type 1 (SIB 1). 11. A device comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a program to be executed by the processor, the program including instructions to: transmit first information multiple times at least one subframe in at least one radio frame, wherein at least one of the transmissions of the first information does not transmit the first information on a resource element of a subframe occupied by an information channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS); and a subframe for the transmission of the first information belongs to an applicable paging subframe. 12. The device according to claim 11, wherein for a time division duplex (TDD) system, the subframe for the transmission of the first information is:
a subframe 0; or the subframe 0 and a subframe 5. 13. The device according to claim 12, wherein the subframe 0 is in at least one odd-numbered radio frame. 14. The device according to claim 12, wherein the subframe 5 and the subframe 0 are in at least one odd-numbered radio frame. 15. The device according to claim 11, the program further including instructions to:
transmit the first information multiple times in one or more subframes, and the first information is a master information block (MIB); or transmit the first information multiple times in at least two consecutive radio frames, and the first information is a system information block type 1 (SIB 1). 16. A device comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a program to be executed by the processor, the program including instructions to: receive first information in at least one subframe, where a transmission of the first information is transmitted multiple times; wherein the first information is not transmitted on a resource element of a subframe occupied by an information channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS); and a subframe for the transmission of the first information belongs to an applicable paging subframe. 17. The device according to claim 16, wherein for a time division duplex (TDD) system, the subframe for the transmission of the first information is:
a subframe 0; or the subframe 0 and a subframe 5. 18. The device according to claim 17, wherein
the subframe 0 is in at least one odd-numbered radio frame. 19. The device according to claim 17, wherein
the subframe 5 and the subframe 0 are in at least one odd-numbered radio frame. 20. The device according to claim 16, the program further including instructions to:
receive the first information in one or more subframes, and the first information is a master information block (MIB); or receive the first information in at least two consecutive radio frames, and the first information is a system information block type 1 (SIB 1). | Embodiments of the present invention relate to the communications field, and provide an information transmission method, apparatus, and system, which can determine a subframe used in enhanced transmission of first information, improving transmission reliability of the first information. The information transmission method includes: determining a subframe for enhanced transmission of first information, where the first information is a master information block, or the first information is a system information block SIB including a time division duplex TDD configuration, or the first information is an SIB including a multicast-broadcast single-frequency network MBSFN subframe configuration; and performing the enhanced transmission of the first information in the determined subframe for the enhanced transmission of the first information.1. An information transmission method comprising:
transmitting first information multiple times in at least one subframe in at least one radio frame, wherein at least one of the transmissions of the first information does not transmit the first information on a resource element of a subframe occupied by an information channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), and a subframe for the transmission of the first information belongs to an applicable paging subframe. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein for a time division duplex (TDD) system, the subframe for the transmission of the first information is:
a subframe 0; or the subframe 0 and a subframe 5. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the subframe 0 is in at least one odd-numbered radio frame. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the subframe 5 and the subframe 0 are in at least one odd-numbered radio frame. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting first information further comprising:
transmitting the first information multiple times in one or more subframes, and the first information is a master information block (MIB); or transmitting the first information multiple times in at least two consecutive radio frames, and the first information is a system information block type 1 (SIB 1). 6. An information transmission method comprising:
receiving first information at least one subframe in at least one radio frame, where a transmission of the first information is transmitted multiple times; wherein the first information is not transmitted on a resource element of a subframe occupied by an information channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS); and a subframe for the transmission of the first information belongs to an applicable paging subframe. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein for a time division duplex (TDD) system, the subframe for the transmission of the first information is:
a subframe 0; or the subframe 0 and a subframe 5. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the subframe 0 is in at least one odd-numbered radio frame. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the subframe 5 and the subframe 0 are in at least one odd-numbered radio frame. 10. The method according to claim 6, wherein receiving first information further comprising:
receiving the first information in one or more subframes, and the first information is a master information block (MIB); or receiving the first information in at least two consecutive radio frames, and the first information is a system information block type 1 (SIB 1). 11. A device comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a program to be executed by the processor, the program including instructions to: transmit first information multiple times at least one subframe in at least one radio frame, wherein at least one of the transmissions of the first information does not transmit the first information on a resource element of a subframe occupied by an information channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS); and a subframe for the transmission of the first information belongs to an applicable paging subframe. 12. The device according to claim 11, wherein for a time division duplex (TDD) system, the subframe for the transmission of the first information is:
a subframe 0; or the subframe 0 and a subframe 5. 13. The device according to claim 12, wherein the subframe 0 is in at least one odd-numbered radio frame. 14. The device according to claim 12, wherein the subframe 5 and the subframe 0 are in at least one odd-numbered radio frame. 15. The device according to claim 11, the program further including instructions to:
transmit the first information multiple times in one or more subframes, and the first information is a master information block (MIB); or transmit the first information multiple times in at least two consecutive radio frames, and the first information is a system information block type 1 (SIB 1). 16. A device comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a program to be executed by the processor, the program including instructions to: receive first information in at least one subframe, where a transmission of the first information is transmitted multiple times; wherein the first information is not transmitted on a resource element of a subframe occupied by an information channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS); and a subframe for the transmission of the first information belongs to an applicable paging subframe. 17. The device according to claim 16, wherein for a time division duplex (TDD) system, the subframe for the transmission of the first information is:
a subframe 0; or the subframe 0 and a subframe 5. 18. The device according to claim 17, wherein
the subframe 0 is in at least one odd-numbered radio frame. 19. The device according to claim 17, wherein
the subframe 5 and the subframe 0 are in at least one odd-numbered radio frame. 20. The device according to claim 16, the program further including instructions to:
receive the first information in one or more subframes, and the first information is a master information block (MIB); or receive the first information in at least two consecutive radio frames, and the first information is a system information block type 1 (SIB 1). | 3,600 |
349,212 | 16,806,779 | 2,862 | The invention comprises systems and methods for evaluating changes in the operational efficiency of an HVAC system over time. The climate control system obtains temperature measurements from at least a first location conditioned by the climate system, and status of said HVAC system. One or more processors receives measurements of outside temperatures from at least one source other than said HVAC system and compares said temperature measurements from said first location with expected temperature measurements. The expected temperature measurements are based at least in part upon past temperature measurements. | 1. A system for controlling an HVAC system at a user's building, the system comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors; the one or more processors configured to receive a first data from at least one sensor, wherein the first data from the at least one sensor includes a measurement of at least one characteristic of the user's building; the one or more processors further configured to receive a second data from a network connection, wherein the second data from the network connection is collected from a source external to the building; the one or more processors further configured to receive a first temperature setpoint for the building, wherein the first setpoint includes a temperature value and a time value; the one or more processors further configured to predict, based at least on the first data from the sensor, the second data from the network connection, and the first temperature setpoint, the time necessary for the HVAC system to operate in order to reach the temperature value by the time value; and the one or more processors further configured to control the HVAC system to operate to cause the building to reach the temperature value by the time value. | The invention comprises systems and methods for evaluating changes in the operational efficiency of an HVAC system over time. The climate control system obtains temperature measurements from at least a first location conditioned by the climate system, and status of said HVAC system. One or more processors receives measurements of outside temperatures from at least one source other than said HVAC system and compares said temperature measurements from said first location with expected temperature measurements. The expected temperature measurements are based at least in part upon past temperature measurements.1. A system for controlling an HVAC system at a user's building, the system comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors; the one or more processors configured to receive a first data from at least one sensor, wherein the first data from the at least one sensor includes a measurement of at least one characteristic of the user's building; the one or more processors further configured to receive a second data from a network connection, wherein the second data from the network connection is collected from a source external to the building; the one or more processors further configured to receive a first temperature setpoint for the building, wherein the first setpoint includes a temperature value and a time value; the one or more processors further configured to predict, based at least on the first data from the sensor, the second data from the network connection, and the first temperature setpoint, the time necessary for the HVAC system to operate in order to reach the temperature value by the time value; and the one or more processors further configured to control the HVAC system to operate to cause the building to reach the temperature value by the time value. | 2,800 |
349,213 | 16,806,785 | 2,862 | Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for clustering events occurring in a network environment for providing network assurance. In one embodiment, a system can identify event states of network events defined by values of parameters of a network environment. The system can determine a confidence score that at least one of the values of parameters is associated with a specific event state using the network events and the identified event states of the network events. The confidence score can be presented to a user for purposes of providing network assurance for the network environment. | 1. A computer implemented method comprising:
identifying each value of parameters of a network environment and each combination of the values of the parameters of the network environment that define a number of network events greater than or equal to a minimum specific number of events; determining, for the each value of the parameters of the network environment and the each combination of the values of the parameters of the network environment that was identified, a confidence score for each value of the parameters of the network environment and the each combination of the values of the parameters of the network environment that is associated with a specific event state of the event states; and presenting, to a user, for the each of the values of the parameters of the network environment and the each combination of the values of the parameters of the network environment, the determined confidence score, and an identification of the specific event state. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the confidence score indicates a frequency that a network event of the network events defined by at least one of the values of the parameters of the network environment has the specific event state. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the event states include whether a network event is a failing network event or a passing network event in the network environment. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the parameters of the network environment include at least one of a logical hierarchy parameter of the network environment, a network hierarchy parameter of the network environment, and a physical hierarchy parameter of the network environment. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the confidence score indicates a frequency that a network event of the network events defined by at least one of the values of the parameters of the network environment has the specific event state and is associated with a specific event category. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the values of the parameters of the network environment include at least one of an identification of a tenant in a logical layer, an application profile, and an identification of an endpoint group. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the values of the parameters of the network environment include at least one of an identification of a tenant in a network layer, an identification of a virtual routing and forwarding instance, and an identification of a bridge domain. 8. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and at least one computer-readable storage medium having stored therein instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
identifying each value of parameters of a network environment and each combination of the values of the parameters of the network environment that define a number of network events greater than or equal to a minimum specific number of events;
determining, for the each value of the parameters of the network environment and the each combination of the values of the parameters of the network environment that was identified, a confidence score for each value of the parameters of the network environment and the each combination of the values of the parameters of the network environment that is associated with a specific event state of the event states; and
presenting, to a user, for the each of the values of the parameters of the network environment and the each combination of the values of the parameters of the network environment, the determined confidence score, and an identification of the specific event state. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the confidence score indicates a frequency that a network event of the network events defined by at least one of the values of the parameters of the network environment has the specific event state. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the event states include whether a network event is a failing network event or a passing network event in the network environment. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the parameters of the network environment include at least one of a logical hierarchy parameter of the network environment, a network hierarchy parameter of the network environment, and a physical hierarchy parameter of the network environment. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the confidence score indicates a frequency that a network event of the network events defined by at least one of the values of the parameters of the network environment has the specific event state and is associated with a specific event category. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein at least one of the values of the parameters of the network environment include at least one of an identification of a tenant in a logical layer, an application profile, and an identification of an endpoint group. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein at least one of the values of the parameters of the network environment include at least one of an identification of a tenant in a network layer, an identification of a virtual routing and forwarding instance, and an identification of a bridge domain. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage media having stored therein instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
identifying each value of parameters of a network environment and each combination of the values of the parameters of the network environment that define a number of network events greater than or equal to a minimum specific number of events; determining, for the each value of the parameters of the network environment and the each combination of the values of the parameters of the network environment that was identified, a confidence score for each value of the parameters of the network environment and the each combination of the values of the parameters of the network environment that is associated with a specific event state of the event states; and presenting, to a user, for the each of the values of the parameters of the network environment and the each combination of the values of the parameters of the network environment, the determined confidence score, and an identification of the specific event state. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the confidence score indicates a frequency that a network event of the network events defined by at least one of the values of the parameters of the network environment has the specific event state. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the event states include whether a network event is a failing network event or a passing network event in the network environment. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the parameters of the network environment include at least one of a logical hierarchy parameter of the network environment, a network hierarchy parameter of the network environment, and a physical hierarchy parameter of the network environment. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the confidence score indicates a frequency that a network event of the network events defined by at least one of the values of the parameters of the network environment has the specific event state and is associated with a specific event category. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein at least one of the values of the parameters of the network environment include at least one of an identification of a tenant in a logical layer, an application profile, and an identification of an endpoint group. | Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for clustering events occurring in a network environment for providing network assurance. In one embodiment, a system can identify event states of network events defined by values of parameters of a network environment. The system can determine a confidence score that at least one of the values of parameters is associated with a specific event state using the network events and the identified event states of the network events. The confidence score can be presented to a user for purposes of providing network assurance for the network environment.1. A computer implemented method comprising:
identifying each value of parameters of a network environment and each combination of the values of the parameters of the network environment that define a number of network events greater than or equal to a minimum specific number of events; determining, for the each value of the parameters of the network environment and the each combination of the values of the parameters of the network environment that was identified, a confidence score for each value of the parameters of the network environment and the each combination of the values of the parameters of the network environment that is associated with a specific event state of the event states; and presenting, to a user, for the each of the values of the parameters of the network environment and the each combination of the values of the parameters of the network environment, the determined confidence score, and an identification of the specific event state. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the confidence score indicates a frequency that a network event of the network events defined by at least one of the values of the parameters of the network environment has the specific event state. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the event states include whether a network event is a failing network event or a passing network event in the network environment. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the parameters of the network environment include at least one of a logical hierarchy parameter of the network environment, a network hierarchy parameter of the network environment, and a physical hierarchy parameter of the network environment. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the confidence score indicates a frequency that a network event of the network events defined by at least one of the values of the parameters of the network environment has the specific event state and is associated with a specific event category. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the values of the parameters of the network environment include at least one of an identification of a tenant in a logical layer, an application profile, and an identification of an endpoint group. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the values of the parameters of the network environment include at least one of an identification of a tenant in a network layer, an identification of a virtual routing and forwarding instance, and an identification of a bridge domain. 8. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and at least one computer-readable storage medium having stored therein instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
identifying each value of parameters of a network environment and each combination of the values of the parameters of the network environment that define a number of network events greater than or equal to a minimum specific number of events;
determining, for the each value of the parameters of the network environment and the each combination of the values of the parameters of the network environment that was identified, a confidence score for each value of the parameters of the network environment and the each combination of the values of the parameters of the network environment that is associated with a specific event state of the event states; and
presenting, to a user, for the each of the values of the parameters of the network environment and the each combination of the values of the parameters of the network environment, the determined confidence score, and an identification of the specific event state. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the confidence score indicates a frequency that a network event of the network events defined by at least one of the values of the parameters of the network environment has the specific event state. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the event states include whether a network event is a failing network event or a passing network event in the network environment. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the parameters of the network environment include at least one of a logical hierarchy parameter of the network environment, a network hierarchy parameter of the network environment, and a physical hierarchy parameter of the network environment. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the confidence score indicates a frequency that a network event of the network events defined by at least one of the values of the parameters of the network environment has the specific event state and is associated with a specific event category. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein at least one of the values of the parameters of the network environment include at least one of an identification of a tenant in a logical layer, an application profile, and an identification of an endpoint group. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein at least one of the values of the parameters of the network environment include at least one of an identification of a tenant in a network layer, an identification of a virtual routing and forwarding instance, and an identification of a bridge domain. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage media having stored therein instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
identifying each value of parameters of a network environment and each combination of the values of the parameters of the network environment that define a number of network events greater than or equal to a minimum specific number of events; determining, for the each value of the parameters of the network environment and the each combination of the values of the parameters of the network environment that was identified, a confidence score for each value of the parameters of the network environment and the each combination of the values of the parameters of the network environment that is associated with a specific event state of the event states; and presenting, to a user, for the each of the values of the parameters of the network environment and the each combination of the values of the parameters of the network environment, the determined confidence score, and an identification of the specific event state. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the confidence score indicates a frequency that a network event of the network events defined by at least one of the values of the parameters of the network environment has the specific event state. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the event states include whether a network event is a failing network event or a passing network event in the network environment. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the parameters of the network environment include at least one of a logical hierarchy parameter of the network environment, a network hierarchy parameter of the network environment, and a physical hierarchy parameter of the network environment. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the confidence score indicates a frequency that a network event of the network events defined by at least one of the values of the parameters of the network environment has the specific event state and is associated with a specific event category. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein at least one of the values of the parameters of the network environment include at least one of an identification of a tenant in a logical layer, an application profile, and an identification of an endpoint group. | 2,800 |
349,214 | 16,806,751 | 2,862 | The present invention relates generally to methods of use and compositions useful for treating skin. The composition includes a combination of one or more of Butyrospermum parkii (shea butter), PEG-50 shea butter, glycerin, Helianthus annuus (sunflower) seed oil, Prunus armeniaca (apricot) kernel oil, acrylates copolymer, sodium lauryl sulfate, lauramidopropyl betaine, sodium methyl cocoyl taurate, glycerin, and polyquaternium-7. | 1. A method of treating skin, the method comprising topically applying to the skin an effective amount of a topical composition comprising:
one or both of Butyrospermum parkii (shea butter) and a combination of PEG-50 shea butter and one or both of sodium laureth sulfate and sodium lauryl sulfate; water; glycerin; triethanolamine; disodium EDTA; one or more of acrylates copolymer, PEG-150 pentaerythrityl tetrastearate, and acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer; and citric acid, and 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises:
one or both of 1 to 10% w/w of Butyrospermum parkii (shea butter) and a combination of 0.0001 to 3% w/w of PEG-50 shea butter and one or both of 3 to 15% w/w of sodium laureth sulfate and 5 to 20% w/w of sodium lauryl sulfate; 50 to 80% w/w of water; 0.1 to 10% w/w of glycerin; 0.0001 to 3% w/w of triethanolamine; 0.01 to 1% w/w of disodium EDTA; one or more of 1 to 5% w/w of acrylates copolymer, 1 to 5% w/w of PEG-150 pentaerythrityl tetrastearate, and 0.1 to 3% w/w of acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer; and 0.001 to 1% w/w of citric acid. 3.-6. (canceled) 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises:
0.01 to 1% w/w of disodium EDTA; one or more of 1 to 5% w/w of acrylates copolymer, 1 to 5% w/w of PEG-150 pentaerythrityl tetrastearate, and 0.1 to 3% w/w of acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer; 0.001 to 1% w/w of citric acid; sodium methyl cocoyl taurate; polysorbate 20; lauramidopropyl betaine; sodium chloridev PEG-12 dimethicone; polyquaternium-7; and hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the composition comprises
1 to 10% w/w of sodium methyl cocoyl taurate; 1 to 10% w/w of polysorbate 20; 1 to 10% w/w of lauramidopropyl betaine; 0.5 to 5% w/w of sodium chloride; 0.1 to 3% w/w of PEG-12 dimethicone; 0.01 to 1% w/w of polyquaternium-7; and 0.01 to 1% w/w of hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is an emulsion, serum, gel, gel emulsion, or gel serum. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein an effective amount of the composition promotes moisturization, smooths skin, renews skin, and/or cleanses skin. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the method is to increase moisturization of the skin and wherein an effective amount of the composition promotes moisturization by increasing hydration of the skin. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the composition is topically applied to dry skin and wherein dry skin is treated. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein skin hydration is increased within 15 minutes of topical application of the composition to the skin and/or skin hydration is increased for at least 24 hours after topical application of the composition to the skin. 14. A composition comprising an effective amount of:
one or both of Butyrospermum parkii (shea butter) and a combination of PEG-50 shea butter and one or both of sodium laureth sulfate and sodium lauryl sulfate; water; glycerin; triethanolamine; one or more of acrylates copolymer, PEG-150 pentaerythrityl tetrastearate, and acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer[H]; and citric acid, 15. The composition of claim 14, comprising:
one or both of 1 to 10% w/w of Butyrospermum parkii (shea butter) and a combination of 0.0001 to 3% w/w of PEG-50 shea butter and one or both of 3 to 15% w/w of sodium laureth sulfate and 5 to 20% w/w of sodium lauryl sulfate; 50 to 80% w/w of water; 0.1 to 10% w/w of glycerin; 0.0001 to 3% w/w of triethanolamine; 0.01 to 1% w/w of disodium EDTA[H]2 one or more of 1 to 5% w/w of acrylates copolymer, 1 to 5% w/w of PEG-150 pentaerythrityl tetrastearate, and 0.1 to 3% w/w of acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer; and 0.001 to 1% w/w of citric acid. 16.-17. (canceled) 18. The composition of claim 14, further comprising:
sodium methyl cocoyl taurate; polysorbate 20; lauramidopropyl betaine; sodium chloride; PEG-12 dimethicone; polyquaternium-7; and hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin. 19. The composition of claim 18, comprising:
1 to 10% w/w of sodium methyl cocoyl taurate; 1 to 10% w/w of polysorbate 20; 1 to 10% w/w of lauramidopropyl betaine; 0.5 to 5% w/w of sodium chloride; 0.1 to 3% w/w of PEG-12 dimethicone; 0.01 to 1% w/w of polyquaternium-7; and 0.01 to 1% w/w of hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin. 20. The composition of claim 14, wherein the composition is an emulsion, serum, gel, gel emulsion, or gel serum. | The present invention relates generally to methods of use and compositions useful for treating skin. The composition includes a combination of one or more of Butyrospermum parkii (shea butter), PEG-50 shea butter, glycerin, Helianthus annuus (sunflower) seed oil, Prunus armeniaca (apricot) kernel oil, acrylates copolymer, sodium lauryl sulfate, lauramidopropyl betaine, sodium methyl cocoyl taurate, glycerin, and polyquaternium-7.1. A method of treating skin, the method comprising topically applying to the skin an effective amount of a topical composition comprising:
one or both of Butyrospermum parkii (shea butter) and a combination of PEG-50 shea butter and one or both of sodium laureth sulfate and sodium lauryl sulfate; water; glycerin; triethanolamine; disodium EDTA; one or more of acrylates copolymer, PEG-150 pentaerythrityl tetrastearate, and acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer; and citric acid, and 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises:
one or both of 1 to 10% w/w of Butyrospermum parkii (shea butter) and a combination of 0.0001 to 3% w/w of PEG-50 shea butter and one or both of 3 to 15% w/w of sodium laureth sulfate and 5 to 20% w/w of sodium lauryl sulfate; 50 to 80% w/w of water; 0.1 to 10% w/w of glycerin; 0.0001 to 3% w/w of triethanolamine; 0.01 to 1% w/w of disodium EDTA; one or more of 1 to 5% w/w of acrylates copolymer, 1 to 5% w/w of PEG-150 pentaerythrityl tetrastearate, and 0.1 to 3% w/w of acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer; and 0.001 to 1% w/w of citric acid. 3.-6. (canceled) 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises:
0.01 to 1% w/w of disodium EDTA; one or more of 1 to 5% w/w of acrylates copolymer, 1 to 5% w/w of PEG-150 pentaerythrityl tetrastearate, and 0.1 to 3% w/w of acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer; 0.001 to 1% w/w of citric acid; sodium methyl cocoyl taurate; polysorbate 20; lauramidopropyl betaine; sodium chloridev PEG-12 dimethicone; polyquaternium-7; and hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the composition comprises
1 to 10% w/w of sodium methyl cocoyl taurate; 1 to 10% w/w of polysorbate 20; 1 to 10% w/w of lauramidopropyl betaine; 0.5 to 5% w/w of sodium chloride; 0.1 to 3% w/w of PEG-12 dimethicone; 0.01 to 1% w/w of polyquaternium-7; and 0.01 to 1% w/w of hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is an emulsion, serum, gel, gel emulsion, or gel serum. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein an effective amount of the composition promotes moisturization, smooths skin, renews skin, and/or cleanses skin. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the method is to increase moisturization of the skin and wherein an effective amount of the composition promotes moisturization by increasing hydration of the skin. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the composition is topically applied to dry skin and wherein dry skin is treated. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein skin hydration is increased within 15 minutes of topical application of the composition to the skin and/or skin hydration is increased for at least 24 hours after topical application of the composition to the skin. 14. A composition comprising an effective amount of:
one or both of Butyrospermum parkii (shea butter) and a combination of PEG-50 shea butter and one or both of sodium laureth sulfate and sodium lauryl sulfate; water; glycerin; triethanolamine; one or more of acrylates copolymer, PEG-150 pentaerythrityl tetrastearate, and acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer[H]; and citric acid, 15. The composition of claim 14, comprising:
one or both of 1 to 10% w/w of Butyrospermum parkii (shea butter) and a combination of 0.0001 to 3% w/w of PEG-50 shea butter and one or both of 3 to 15% w/w of sodium laureth sulfate and 5 to 20% w/w of sodium lauryl sulfate; 50 to 80% w/w of water; 0.1 to 10% w/w of glycerin; 0.0001 to 3% w/w of triethanolamine; 0.01 to 1% w/w of disodium EDTA[H]2 one or more of 1 to 5% w/w of acrylates copolymer, 1 to 5% w/w of PEG-150 pentaerythrityl tetrastearate, and 0.1 to 3% w/w of acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer; and 0.001 to 1% w/w of citric acid. 16.-17. (canceled) 18. The composition of claim 14, further comprising:
sodium methyl cocoyl taurate; polysorbate 20; lauramidopropyl betaine; sodium chloride; PEG-12 dimethicone; polyquaternium-7; and hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin. 19. The composition of claim 18, comprising:
1 to 10% w/w of sodium methyl cocoyl taurate; 1 to 10% w/w of polysorbate 20; 1 to 10% w/w of lauramidopropyl betaine; 0.5 to 5% w/w of sodium chloride; 0.1 to 3% w/w of PEG-12 dimethicone; 0.01 to 1% w/w of polyquaternium-7; and 0.01 to 1% w/w of hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin. 20. The composition of claim 14, wherein the composition is an emulsion, serum, gel, gel emulsion, or gel serum. | 2,800 |
349,215 | 16,806,780 | 2,862 | In one embodiment, a stylus includes one or more electrodes and one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media embodying first logic for transmitting signals wirelessly to a device through a touch-sensor of the device. The stylus has a first power mode in which components of the stylus for receiving signals from or transmitting signals to the device are powered off; a second power mode in which components of the stylus for receiving signals from the device are powered on at least periodically and components of the stylus for transmitting signals to the device are powered off; and a third power mode in which components of the stylus for transmitting signals to the device are powered on at least periodically. The media further embodies second logic for transitioning the stylus from one of the first, second, and third power modes to another one of the first, second, and third power modes. | 1. A stylus, comprising:
one or more electrodes; and one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media embodying logic for transmitting signals wirelessly to a device through a touch-sensor of the device; the stylus having:
a first power mode in which components of the stylus for receiving signals from the device are powered off and components of the stylus for transmitting signals to the device are powered off;
a second power mode in which the components of the stylus for receiving drive signals transmitted by drive electrodes of the device and used by the stylus to detect the device are periodically switched between a powered on state and a powered off state and the components of the stylus for transmitting signals to the device are powered off; and
a third power mode in which the components of the stylus for receiving the drive signals transmitted by the drive electrodes of the device are powered on and the components of the stylus for transmitting stylus signals to the device are powered on to transmit the stylus signals; wherein the stylus in the second mode, in response to detecting the drive signals transmitted by the drive electrodes of the device, transitions from the second mode to the third mode. 2. The stylus of claim 1, wherein the drive signal includes a pre-determined bit sequence, and the stylus synchronizes with the device using the pre-determined bit sequence. 3. The stylus of claim 1, wherein the stylus, in operation, transitions from one of the first, second, and third power modes to another one of the first, second, and third power modes based at least in part on an input from a user of the stylus. 4. The stylus of claim 3, wherein the input is a gesture performed with the stylus. 5. The stylus of claim 1, wherein the stylus, in operation, transitions from one of the first, second, and third power modes to another one of the first, second, and third power modes based at least in part on detection of, or loss of, a signal generated by the device. 6. The stylus of claim 1, wherein, in the third power mode, the components of the stylus for transmitting signals to the device are powered on during windows of time when drive lines of the touch-sensor within proximity of the stylus are scanned. 7. The stylus of claim 6, wherein, in the third power mode, the components of the stylus for transmitting signals to the device are powered on during increasingly shorter periods of time until the periods of time are greater than but within a pre-determined range of all windows of time when any of the drive lines of the touch sensor are scanned. 8. The stylus of claim 7, wherein, in the third power mode, the pre-determined range is sufficiently greater than the windows of time when drive lines of the touch-sensor within proximity of the stylus are scanned so that, if the stylus moves relative to the device, the components of the stylus for transmitting signals to the device are powered on during windows of time when drive lines of the touch-sensor within the new proximity of the stylus are scanned. 9. A method implemented by a stylus, the method comprising:
transmitting signals wirelessly to a device through a touch-sensor of the device; transitioning the stylus from one of a first power mode, a second power mode, and a third power mode to another one of the first power mode, the second power mode, and the third power mode, wherein,
in the first power mode, components of the stylus for receiving signals from the device are powered off and components of the stylus for transmitting signals to the device are powered off;
in the second power mode, the components of the stylus for receiving drive signals transmitted by drive electrodes of the device and used by the stylus to detect the device are periodically switched between a powered on state and a powered off state and the components of the stylus for transmitting signals to the device are powered off; and
in the third power mode, the components of the stylus for receiving the drive signals transmitted by the drive electrodes of the device are powered on and the components of the stylus for transmitting stylus signals to the device are powered on to transmit the stylus signals; and
transitioning the stylus from the second mode to the third mode in response to detecting the drive signals transmitted by the drive electrodes of the device. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the stylus is transitioned from one of the first, second, and third power modes to another one of the first, second, and third power modes based at least in part on an input from a user of the stylus. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the input is a gesture performed with the stylus. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the stylus is transitioned from one of the first, second, and third power modes to another one of the first, second, and third power modes based at least in part on detection of, or loss of, a signal generated by the device. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein, in the third power mode, the components of the stylus for transmitting signals to the device are powered on during windows of time when drive lines of the touch-sensor within proximity of the stylus are scanned. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein, in the third power mode, the components of the stylus for transmitting signals to the device are powered on during increasingly shorter periods of time until the periods of time are greater than but within a pre-determined range of all windows of time when any of the drive lines of the touch sensor are scanned. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein, in the third power mode, the pre-determined range is sufficiently greater than the windows of time when drive lines of the touch-sensor within proximity of the stylus are scanned so that, if the stylus moves relative to the device, the components of the stylus for transmitting signals to the device are powered on during windows of time when drive lines of the touch-sensor within the new proximity of the stylus are scanned. 16. An integrated circuit configured to control a stylus, comprising:
one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media; and logic embodied in the one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media for transmitting signals wirelessly from the stylus to a device through a touch-sensor of the device; the stylus having:
a first power mode in which components of the stylus for receiving signals from the device are powered off and components of the stylus for transmitting signals to the device are powered off;
a second power mode in which the components of the stylus for receiving drive signals transmitted by drive electrodes of the device and used by the stylus to detect the device are periodically switched between a powered on state and a powered off state and the components of the stylus for transmitting signals to the device are powered off; and
a third power mode in which the components of the stylus for receiving the drive signals transmitted by the drive electrodes of the device are powered on and the components of the stylus for transmitting stylus signals to the device are powered on to transmit the stylus signals;
wherein the logic, in response to detecting the drive signals transmitted by the drive electrodes of the device, transitions the stylus from the second mode to the third mode. 17. The integrated circuit of claim 16, wherein the drive signal includes a pre-determined bit sequence, and the logic synchronizes the stylus with the device using the pre-determined bit sequence. 18. The integrated circuit of claim 16, wherein the logic, in operation, transitions the stylus from one of the first, second, and third power modes to another one of the first, second, and third power modes based at least in part on an input from a user of the stylus. 19. The integrated circuit of claim 18, wherein the input is a gesture performed with the stylus. 20. The integrated circuit of claim 16, wherein the logic, in operation, transitions the stylus from one of the first, second, and third power modes to another one of the first, second, and third power modes based at least in part on detection of, or loss of, a signal generated by the device. | In one embodiment, a stylus includes one or more electrodes and one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media embodying first logic for transmitting signals wirelessly to a device through a touch-sensor of the device. The stylus has a first power mode in which components of the stylus for receiving signals from or transmitting signals to the device are powered off; a second power mode in which components of the stylus for receiving signals from the device are powered on at least periodically and components of the stylus for transmitting signals to the device are powered off; and a third power mode in which components of the stylus for transmitting signals to the device are powered on at least periodically. The media further embodies second logic for transitioning the stylus from one of the first, second, and third power modes to another one of the first, second, and third power modes.1. A stylus, comprising:
one or more electrodes; and one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media embodying logic for transmitting signals wirelessly to a device through a touch-sensor of the device; the stylus having:
a first power mode in which components of the stylus for receiving signals from the device are powered off and components of the stylus for transmitting signals to the device are powered off;
a second power mode in which the components of the stylus for receiving drive signals transmitted by drive electrodes of the device and used by the stylus to detect the device are periodically switched between a powered on state and a powered off state and the components of the stylus for transmitting signals to the device are powered off; and
a third power mode in which the components of the stylus for receiving the drive signals transmitted by the drive electrodes of the device are powered on and the components of the stylus for transmitting stylus signals to the device are powered on to transmit the stylus signals; wherein the stylus in the second mode, in response to detecting the drive signals transmitted by the drive electrodes of the device, transitions from the second mode to the third mode. 2. The stylus of claim 1, wherein the drive signal includes a pre-determined bit sequence, and the stylus synchronizes with the device using the pre-determined bit sequence. 3. The stylus of claim 1, wherein the stylus, in operation, transitions from one of the first, second, and third power modes to another one of the first, second, and third power modes based at least in part on an input from a user of the stylus. 4. The stylus of claim 3, wherein the input is a gesture performed with the stylus. 5. The stylus of claim 1, wherein the stylus, in operation, transitions from one of the first, second, and third power modes to another one of the first, second, and third power modes based at least in part on detection of, or loss of, a signal generated by the device. 6. The stylus of claim 1, wherein, in the third power mode, the components of the stylus for transmitting signals to the device are powered on during windows of time when drive lines of the touch-sensor within proximity of the stylus are scanned. 7. The stylus of claim 6, wherein, in the third power mode, the components of the stylus for transmitting signals to the device are powered on during increasingly shorter periods of time until the periods of time are greater than but within a pre-determined range of all windows of time when any of the drive lines of the touch sensor are scanned. 8. The stylus of claim 7, wherein, in the third power mode, the pre-determined range is sufficiently greater than the windows of time when drive lines of the touch-sensor within proximity of the stylus are scanned so that, if the stylus moves relative to the device, the components of the stylus for transmitting signals to the device are powered on during windows of time when drive lines of the touch-sensor within the new proximity of the stylus are scanned. 9. A method implemented by a stylus, the method comprising:
transmitting signals wirelessly to a device through a touch-sensor of the device; transitioning the stylus from one of a first power mode, a second power mode, and a third power mode to another one of the first power mode, the second power mode, and the third power mode, wherein,
in the first power mode, components of the stylus for receiving signals from the device are powered off and components of the stylus for transmitting signals to the device are powered off;
in the second power mode, the components of the stylus for receiving drive signals transmitted by drive electrodes of the device and used by the stylus to detect the device are periodically switched between a powered on state and a powered off state and the components of the stylus for transmitting signals to the device are powered off; and
in the third power mode, the components of the stylus for receiving the drive signals transmitted by the drive electrodes of the device are powered on and the components of the stylus for transmitting stylus signals to the device are powered on to transmit the stylus signals; and
transitioning the stylus from the second mode to the third mode in response to detecting the drive signals transmitted by the drive electrodes of the device. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the stylus is transitioned from one of the first, second, and third power modes to another one of the first, second, and third power modes based at least in part on an input from a user of the stylus. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the input is a gesture performed with the stylus. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the stylus is transitioned from one of the first, second, and third power modes to another one of the first, second, and third power modes based at least in part on detection of, or loss of, a signal generated by the device. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein, in the third power mode, the components of the stylus for transmitting signals to the device are powered on during windows of time when drive lines of the touch-sensor within proximity of the stylus are scanned. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein, in the third power mode, the components of the stylus for transmitting signals to the device are powered on during increasingly shorter periods of time until the periods of time are greater than but within a pre-determined range of all windows of time when any of the drive lines of the touch sensor are scanned. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein, in the third power mode, the pre-determined range is sufficiently greater than the windows of time when drive lines of the touch-sensor within proximity of the stylus are scanned so that, if the stylus moves relative to the device, the components of the stylus for transmitting signals to the device are powered on during windows of time when drive lines of the touch-sensor within the new proximity of the stylus are scanned. 16. An integrated circuit configured to control a stylus, comprising:
one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media; and logic embodied in the one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media for transmitting signals wirelessly from the stylus to a device through a touch-sensor of the device; the stylus having:
a first power mode in which components of the stylus for receiving signals from the device are powered off and components of the stylus for transmitting signals to the device are powered off;
a second power mode in which the components of the stylus for receiving drive signals transmitted by drive electrodes of the device and used by the stylus to detect the device are periodically switched between a powered on state and a powered off state and the components of the stylus for transmitting signals to the device are powered off; and
a third power mode in which the components of the stylus for receiving the drive signals transmitted by the drive electrodes of the device are powered on and the components of the stylus for transmitting stylus signals to the device are powered on to transmit the stylus signals;
wherein the logic, in response to detecting the drive signals transmitted by the drive electrodes of the device, transitions the stylus from the second mode to the third mode. 17. The integrated circuit of claim 16, wherein the drive signal includes a pre-determined bit sequence, and the logic synchronizes the stylus with the device using the pre-determined bit sequence. 18. The integrated circuit of claim 16, wherein the logic, in operation, transitions the stylus from one of the first, second, and third power modes to another one of the first, second, and third power modes based at least in part on an input from a user of the stylus. 19. The integrated circuit of claim 18, wherein the input is a gesture performed with the stylus. 20. The integrated circuit of claim 16, wherein the logic, in operation, transitions the stylus from one of the first, second, and third power modes to another one of the first, second, and third power modes based at least in part on detection of, or loss of, a signal generated by the device. | 2,800 |
349,216 | 16,806,783 | 2,862 | Some embodiments provide a method of identifying packet latency in a software defined datacenter (SDDC) that includes a network and multiple host computers executing multiple machines. At a first host computer, the method identifies and stores (i) multiple time values associated with several packet processing operations performed on a particular packet sent by a first machine executing on the first host computer, and (ii) a time value associated with packet transmission through the SDDC network from the first host computer to a second host computer that is a destination of the particular packet. The method provides the stored time values to a set of one or more controllers to process to identify multiple latencies experienced by multiple packets processed in the SDDC. | 1. A method of identifying packet latency in a software defined datacenter (SDDC) comprising a network and a plurality of host computers executing a plurality of machines, the method comprising:
at a first host computer:
identifying and storing a plurality of time values associated with a plurality of packet processing operations performed on a particular packet sent by a first machine executing on the first host computer;
identifying and storing a time value associated with packet transmission through the SDDC network from the first host computer to a second host computer that is a destination of the particular packet; and
providing the stored time values to a set of one or more controllers to process to identify a plurality of latencies experienced by each of a plurality of packets processed in the SDDC. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein providing the stored time values comprises providing the plurality of identified packet-processing time values with a flow identifier that identifies a flow of the particular packet, said flow identifier allowing the controller set to correlate the time values collected from the first host computer with time values collected from the second host computer, in order to identify latencies experienced by the particular packet as the packet traverses from the first machine to a second machine executing on the second host computer. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the packet processing comprises middlebox service operations and packet forwarding operations. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the middlebox service operations comprise at least one of a firewall operation, a load balancing operation, an intrusion detection operation, and an intrusion prevention operation. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the packet forwarding operations comprise at least one of a switching operation and a routing operation. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the packet processing further comprises at least one of an operation performed by a virtual MC (network interface controller) and an operation performed by a physical NIC. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the particular packet is part of a packet flow, the method comprising:
selecting a subset of packets in the packet flow for latency identification; and identifying and storing the plurality of time values for the packet processing operations of each selected packet. 8. The method of claim 7 further comprising:
for each packet processing operation, computing an average latency from the time values identified for the subset of selected packets for the packet processing operation;
wherein providing the stored time values comprises providing to the controller set the average latencies computed for the packet processing operations. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying and storing a time value associated with packet transmission comprises identifying and storing a time value associated with the packet's forwarding to the second host computer through the network. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying and storing a time value associated with packet transmission comprises identifying and storing a time value for exchanging control packets between the first and second host computers. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the control packets are bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) packets for gauging availability of a tunnel between the first and second host computers. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein each BFD packet is extended in order for a PNIC of the host computer to insert a sending timestamp in a field of the BFD packet, the sending timestamp corresponding to a time value associated with forwarding the BFD packet through the network. 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising receiving, from the destination host computer, an extended reply packet comprising (i) a sending timestamp indicating a time at which the reply packet was sent by the destination host computer, (ii) an idle interval indicating a time interval during when the BFD packet was received at the destination host computer and when the destination host computer forwarded the reply packet, and (iii) a piggybacked timestamp comprising the sending timestamp of the BFD packet. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein a roundtrip time is calculated at the host computer by subtracting the piggybacked timestamp and the idle interval from a time at which the reply packet is received at the host computer. 15. The method of claim 7, wherein selection of the subset of packets is variable and configurable. 16. The method of claim 6, wherein (i) time values associated with operations performed by the virtual MC and physical MC are identified and stored by default and (ii) time values associated with other packet processing operations performed on the particular packet are identified and stored based on user preference. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of controllers use the stored time values to calculate latencies for each stage of the packet processing operations. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein calculating latencies for each stage of the packet processing operations further comprises identifying a most time-consuming stage of the packet processing operations. 19. A non-transitory machine readable medium storing a program that when executed by a set of processing units of a first host computer identifies packet latency in a software defined datacenter (SDDC), the SDDC comprising a network and a plurality of host computers executing a plurality of machines, the program comprising sets of instructions for:
identifying and storing a plurality of time values associated with a plurality of packet processing operations performed on a particular packet sent by a first machine executing on the first host computer; identifying and storing a time value associated with packet transmission through the SDDC network from the first host computer to a second host computer that is a destination of the particular packet; and providing the stored time values to a set of one or more controllers to process to identify a plurality of latencies experienced by each of a plurality of packets processed in the SDDC. 20. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 19, wherein the set of instructions for providing the stored time values comprises a set of instructions for providing the plurality of identified packet-processing time values with a flow identifier that identifies a flow of the particular packet, said flow identifier allowing the controller set to correlate the time values collected from the first host computer with time values collected from the second host computer, in order to identify latencies experienced by the particular packet as the packet traverses from the first machine to a second machine executing on the second host computer. 21. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 19, wherein the particular packet is part of a packet flow, the program further comprising sets of instructions for:
selecting a subset of packets in the packet flow for latency identification; identifying and storing the plurality of time values for the packet processing operations of each selected packet; and for each packet processing operation, computing an average latency from the time values identified for the subset of selected packets for the packet processing operation, wherein the set of instructions for providing the stored time values comprises a set of instructions for providing to the controller set the average latencies computed for the packet processing operations. 22. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 19, wherein the set of instructions for identifying and storing a time value associated with packet transmission comprises a set of instructions for identifying and storing a time value associated with the packet's forwarding to the second host computer through the network. 23. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 19, wherein the set of instructions for identifying and storing a time value associated with packet transmission comprises a set of instructions for identifying and storing a time value for exchanging control packets between the first and second host computers. 24. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 23, wherein
the control packets are bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) packets for gauging availability of a tunnel between the first and second host computers, and each BFD packet is extended in order for a PNIC of the host computer to insert a sending timestamp in a field of the BFD packet, the sending timestamp corresponding to a time value associated with forwarding the BFD packet through the network. 25. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 24, wherein the program further comprises sets of instructions for:
receiving, from the destination host computer, an extended reply packet comprising (i) a sending timestamp indicating a time at which the reply packet was sent by the destination host computer, (ii) an idle interval indicating a time interval during when the BFD packet was received at the destination host computer and when the destination host computer forwarded the reply packet, and (iii) a piggybacked timestamp comprising the sending timestamp of the BFD packet; and calculating a round-trip time at the host computer by subtracting the piggybacked timestamp and the idle interval from a time at which the reply packet is received at the host computer. | Some embodiments provide a method of identifying packet latency in a software defined datacenter (SDDC) that includes a network and multiple host computers executing multiple machines. At a first host computer, the method identifies and stores (i) multiple time values associated with several packet processing operations performed on a particular packet sent by a first machine executing on the first host computer, and (ii) a time value associated with packet transmission through the SDDC network from the first host computer to a second host computer that is a destination of the particular packet. The method provides the stored time values to a set of one or more controllers to process to identify multiple latencies experienced by multiple packets processed in the SDDC.1. A method of identifying packet latency in a software defined datacenter (SDDC) comprising a network and a plurality of host computers executing a plurality of machines, the method comprising:
at a first host computer:
identifying and storing a plurality of time values associated with a plurality of packet processing operations performed on a particular packet sent by a first machine executing on the first host computer;
identifying and storing a time value associated with packet transmission through the SDDC network from the first host computer to a second host computer that is a destination of the particular packet; and
providing the stored time values to a set of one or more controllers to process to identify a plurality of latencies experienced by each of a plurality of packets processed in the SDDC. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein providing the stored time values comprises providing the plurality of identified packet-processing time values with a flow identifier that identifies a flow of the particular packet, said flow identifier allowing the controller set to correlate the time values collected from the first host computer with time values collected from the second host computer, in order to identify latencies experienced by the particular packet as the packet traverses from the first machine to a second machine executing on the second host computer. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the packet processing comprises middlebox service operations and packet forwarding operations. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the middlebox service operations comprise at least one of a firewall operation, a load balancing operation, an intrusion detection operation, and an intrusion prevention operation. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the packet forwarding operations comprise at least one of a switching operation and a routing operation. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the packet processing further comprises at least one of an operation performed by a virtual MC (network interface controller) and an operation performed by a physical NIC. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the particular packet is part of a packet flow, the method comprising:
selecting a subset of packets in the packet flow for latency identification; and identifying and storing the plurality of time values for the packet processing operations of each selected packet. 8. The method of claim 7 further comprising:
for each packet processing operation, computing an average latency from the time values identified for the subset of selected packets for the packet processing operation;
wherein providing the stored time values comprises providing to the controller set the average latencies computed for the packet processing operations. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying and storing a time value associated with packet transmission comprises identifying and storing a time value associated with the packet's forwarding to the second host computer through the network. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying and storing a time value associated with packet transmission comprises identifying and storing a time value for exchanging control packets between the first and second host computers. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the control packets are bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) packets for gauging availability of a tunnel between the first and second host computers. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein each BFD packet is extended in order for a PNIC of the host computer to insert a sending timestamp in a field of the BFD packet, the sending timestamp corresponding to a time value associated with forwarding the BFD packet through the network. 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising receiving, from the destination host computer, an extended reply packet comprising (i) a sending timestamp indicating a time at which the reply packet was sent by the destination host computer, (ii) an idle interval indicating a time interval during when the BFD packet was received at the destination host computer and when the destination host computer forwarded the reply packet, and (iii) a piggybacked timestamp comprising the sending timestamp of the BFD packet. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein a roundtrip time is calculated at the host computer by subtracting the piggybacked timestamp and the idle interval from a time at which the reply packet is received at the host computer. 15. The method of claim 7, wherein selection of the subset of packets is variable and configurable. 16. The method of claim 6, wherein (i) time values associated with operations performed by the virtual MC and physical MC are identified and stored by default and (ii) time values associated with other packet processing operations performed on the particular packet are identified and stored based on user preference. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of controllers use the stored time values to calculate latencies for each stage of the packet processing operations. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein calculating latencies for each stage of the packet processing operations further comprises identifying a most time-consuming stage of the packet processing operations. 19. A non-transitory machine readable medium storing a program that when executed by a set of processing units of a first host computer identifies packet latency in a software defined datacenter (SDDC), the SDDC comprising a network and a plurality of host computers executing a plurality of machines, the program comprising sets of instructions for:
identifying and storing a plurality of time values associated with a plurality of packet processing operations performed on a particular packet sent by a first machine executing on the first host computer; identifying and storing a time value associated with packet transmission through the SDDC network from the first host computer to a second host computer that is a destination of the particular packet; and providing the stored time values to a set of one or more controllers to process to identify a plurality of latencies experienced by each of a plurality of packets processed in the SDDC. 20. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 19, wherein the set of instructions for providing the stored time values comprises a set of instructions for providing the plurality of identified packet-processing time values with a flow identifier that identifies a flow of the particular packet, said flow identifier allowing the controller set to correlate the time values collected from the first host computer with time values collected from the second host computer, in order to identify latencies experienced by the particular packet as the packet traverses from the first machine to a second machine executing on the second host computer. 21. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 19, wherein the particular packet is part of a packet flow, the program further comprising sets of instructions for:
selecting a subset of packets in the packet flow for latency identification; identifying and storing the plurality of time values for the packet processing operations of each selected packet; and for each packet processing operation, computing an average latency from the time values identified for the subset of selected packets for the packet processing operation, wherein the set of instructions for providing the stored time values comprises a set of instructions for providing to the controller set the average latencies computed for the packet processing operations. 22. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 19, wherein the set of instructions for identifying and storing a time value associated with packet transmission comprises a set of instructions for identifying and storing a time value associated with the packet's forwarding to the second host computer through the network. 23. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 19, wherein the set of instructions for identifying and storing a time value associated with packet transmission comprises a set of instructions for identifying and storing a time value for exchanging control packets between the first and second host computers. 24. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 23, wherein
the control packets are bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) packets for gauging availability of a tunnel between the first and second host computers, and each BFD packet is extended in order for a PNIC of the host computer to insert a sending timestamp in a field of the BFD packet, the sending timestamp corresponding to a time value associated with forwarding the BFD packet through the network. 25. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 24, wherein the program further comprises sets of instructions for:
receiving, from the destination host computer, an extended reply packet comprising (i) a sending timestamp indicating a time at which the reply packet was sent by the destination host computer, (ii) an idle interval indicating a time interval during when the BFD packet was received at the destination host computer and when the destination host computer forwarded the reply packet, and (iii) a piggybacked timestamp comprising the sending timestamp of the BFD packet; and calculating a round-trip time at the host computer by subtracting the piggybacked timestamp and the idle interval from a time at which the reply packet is received at the host computer. | 2,800 |
349,217 | 16,806,774 | 2,862 | Some embodiments provide a method of identifying packet latency in a software defined datacenter (SDDC) that includes a network and multiple host computers executing multiple machines. At a first host computer, the method identifies and stores (i) multiple time values associated with several packet processing operations performed on a particular packet sent by a first machine executing on the first host computer, and (ii) a time value associated with packet transmission through the SDDC network from the first host computer to a second host computer that is a destination of the particular packet. The method provides the stored time values to a set of one or more controllers to process to identify multiple latencies experienced by multiple packets processed in the SDDC. | 1. A method of identifying packet latency in a software defined datacenter (SDDC) comprising a network and a plurality of host computers executing a plurality of machines, the method comprising:
at a first host computer:
identifying and storing a plurality of time values associated with a plurality of packet processing operations performed on a particular packet sent by a first machine executing on the first host computer;
identifying and storing a time value associated with packet transmission through the SDDC network from the first host computer to a second host computer that is a destination of the particular packet; and
providing the stored time values to a set of one or more controllers to process to identify a plurality of latencies experienced by each of a plurality of packets processed in the SDDC. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein providing the stored time values comprises providing the plurality of identified packet-processing time values with a flow identifier that identifies a flow of the particular packet, said flow identifier allowing the controller set to correlate the time values collected from the first host computer with time values collected from the second host computer, in order to identify latencies experienced by the particular packet as the packet traverses from the first machine to a second machine executing on the second host computer. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the packet processing comprises middlebox service operations and packet forwarding operations. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the middlebox service operations comprise at least one of a firewall operation, a load balancing operation, an intrusion detection operation, and an intrusion prevention operation. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the packet forwarding operations comprise at least one of a switching operation and a routing operation. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the packet processing further comprises at least one of an operation performed by a virtual MC (network interface controller) and an operation performed by a physical NIC. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the particular packet is part of a packet flow, the method comprising:
selecting a subset of packets in the packet flow for latency identification; and identifying and storing the plurality of time values for the packet processing operations of each selected packet. 8. The method of claim 7 further comprising:
for each packet processing operation, computing an average latency from the time values identified for the subset of selected packets for the packet processing operation;
wherein providing the stored time values comprises providing to the controller set the average latencies computed for the packet processing operations. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying and storing a time value associated with packet transmission comprises identifying and storing a time value associated with the packet's forwarding to the second host computer through the network. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying and storing a time value associated with packet transmission comprises identifying and storing a time value for exchanging control packets between the first and second host computers. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the control packets are bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) packets for gauging availability of a tunnel between the first and second host computers. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein each BFD packet is extended in order for a PNIC of the host computer to insert a sending timestamp in a field of the BFD packet, the sending timestamp corresponding to a time value associated with forwarding the BFD packet through the network. 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising receiving, from the destination host computer, an extended reply packet comprising (i) a sending timestamp indicating a time at which the reply packet was sent by the destination host computer, (ii) an idle interval indicating a time interval during when the BFD packet was received at the destination host computer and when the destination host computer forwarded the reply packet, and (iii) a piggybacked timestamp comprising the sending timestamp of the BFD packet. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein a roundtrip time is calculated at the host computer by subtracting the piggybacked timestamp and the idle interval from a time at which the reply packet is received at the host computer. 15. The method of claim 7, wherein selection of the subset of packets is variable and configurable. 16. The method of claim 6, wherein (i) time values associated with operations performed by the virtual MC and physical MC are identified and stored by default and (ii) time values associated with other packet processing operations performed on the particular packet are identified and stored based on user preference. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of controllers use the stored time values to calculate latencies for each stage of the packet processing operations. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein calculating latencies for each stage of the packet processing operations further comprises identifying a most time-consuming stage of the packet processing operations. 19. A non-transitory machine readable medium storing a program that when executed by a set of processing units of a first host computer identifies packet latency in a software defined datacenter (SDDC), the SDDC comprising a network and a plurality of host computers executing a plurality of machines, the program comprising sets of instructions for:
identifying and storing a plurality of time values associated with a plurality of packet processing operations performed on a particular packet sent by a first machine executing on the first host computer; identifying and storing a time value associated with packet transmission through the SDDC network from the first host computer to a second host computer that is a destination of the particular packet; and providing the stored time values to a set of one or more controllers to process to identify a plurality of latencies experienced by each of a plurality of packets processed in the SDDC. 20. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 19, wherein the set of instructions for providing the stored time values comprises a set of instructions for providing the plurality of identified packet-processing time values with a flow identifier that identifies a flow of the particular packet, said flow identifier allowing the controller set to correlate the time values collected from the first host computer with time values collected from the second host computer, in order to identify latencies experienced by the particular packet as the packet traverses from the first machine to a second machine executing on the second host computer. 21. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 19, wherein the particular packet is part of a packet flow, the program further comprising sets of instructions for:
selecting a subset of packets in the packet flow for latency identification; identifying and storing the plurality of time values for the packet processing operations of each selected packet; and for each packet processing operation, computing an average latency from the time values identified for the subset of selected packets for the packet processing operation, wherein the set of instructions for providing the stored time values comprises a set of instructions for providing to the controller set the average latencies computed for the packet processing operations. 22. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 19, wherein the set of instructions for identifying and storing a time value associated with packet transmission comprises a set of instructions for identifying and storing a time value associated with the packet's forwarding to the second host computer through the network. 23. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 19, wherein the set of instructions for identifying and storing a time value associated with packet transmission comprises a set of instructions for identifying and storing a time value for exchanging control packets between the first and second host computers. 24. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 23, wherein
the control packets are bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) packets for gauging availability of a tunnel between the first and second host computers, and each BFD packet is extended in order for a PNIC of the host computer to insert a sending timestamp in a field of the BFD packet, the sending timestamp corresponding to a time value associated with forwarding the BFD packet through the network. 25. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 24, wherein the program further comprises sets of instructions for:
receiving, from the destination host computer, an extended reply packet comprising (i) a sending timestamp indicating a time at which the reply packet was sent by the destination host computer, (ii) an idle interval indicating a time interval during when the BFD packet was received at the destination host computer and when the destination host computer forwarded the reply packet, and (iii) a piggybacked timestamp comprising the sending timestamp of the BFD packet; and calculating a round-trip time at the host computer by subtracting the piggybacked timestamp and the idle interval from a time at which the reply packet is received at the host computer. | Some embodiments provide a method of identifying packet latency in a software defined datacenter (SDDC) that includes a network and multiple host computers executing multiple machines. At a first host computer, the method identifies and stores (i) multiple time values associated with several packet processing operations performed on a particular packet sent by a first machine executing on the first host computer, and (ii) a time value associated with packet transmission through the SDDC network from the first host computer to a second host computer that is a destination of the particular packet. The method provides the stored time values to a set of one or more controllers to process to identify multiple latencies experienced by multiple packets processed in the SDDC.1. A method of identifying packet latency in a software defined datacenter (SDDC) comprising a network and a plurality of host computers executing a plurality of machines, the method comprising:
at a first host computer:
identifying and storing a plurality of time values associated with a plurality of packet processing operations performed on a particular packet sent by a first machine executing on the first host computer;
identifying and storing a time value associated with packet transmission through the SDDC network from the first host computer to a second host computer that is a destination of the particular packet; and
providing the stored time values to a set of one or more controllers to process to identify a plurality of latencies experienced by each of a plurality of packets processed in the SDDC. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein providing the stored time values comprises providing the plurality of identified packet-processing time values with a flow identifier that identifies a flow of the particular packet, said flow identifier allowing the controller set to correlate the time values collected from the first host computer with time values collected from the second host computer, in order to identify latencies experienced by the particular packet as the packet traverses from the first machine to a second machine executing on the second host computer. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the packet processing comprises middlebox service operations and packet forwarding operations. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the middlebox service operations comprise at least one of a firewall operation, a load balancing operation, an intrusion detection operation, and an intrusion prevention operation. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the packet forwarding operations comprise at least one of a switching operation and a routing operation. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the packet processing further comprises at least one of an operation performed by a virtual MC (network interface controller) and an operation performed by a physical NIC. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the particular packet is part of a packet flow, the method comprising:
selecting a subset of packets in the packet flow for latency identification; and identifying and storing the plurality of time values for the packet processing operations of each selected packet. 8. The method of claim 7 further comprising:
for each packet processing operation, computing an average latency from the time values identified for the subset of selected packets for the packet processing operation;
wherein providing the stored time values comprises providing to the controller set the average latencies computed for the packet processing operations. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying and storing a time value associated with packet transmission comprises identifying and storing a time value associated with the packet's forwarding to the second host computer through the network. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying and storing a time value associated with packet transmission comprises identifying and storing a time value for exchanging control packets between the first and second host computers. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the control packets are bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) packets for gauging availability of a tunnel between the first and second host computers. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein each BFD packet is extended in order for a PNIC of the host computer to insert a sending timestamp in a field of the BFD packet, the sending timestamp corresponding to a time value associated with forwarding the BFD packet through the network. 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising receiving, from the destination host computer, an extended reply packet comprising (i) a sending timestamp indicating a time at which the reply packet was sent by the destination host computer, (ii) an idle interval indicating a time interval during when the BFD packet was received at the destination host computer and when the destination host computer forwarded the reply packet, and (iii) a piggybacked timestamp comprising the sending timestamp of the BFD packet. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein a roundtrip time is calculated at the host computer by subtracting the piggybacked timestamp and the idle interval from a time at which the reply packet is received at the host computer. 15. The method of claim 7, wherein selection of the subset of packets is variable and configurable. 16. The method of claim 6, wherein (i) time values associated with operations performed by the virtual MC and physical MC are identified and stored by default and (ii) time values associated with other packet processing operations performed on the particular packet are identified and stored based on user preference. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of controllers use the stored time values to calculate latencies for each stage of the packet processing operations. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein calculating latencies for each stage of the packet processing operations further comprises identifying a most time-consuming stage of the packet processing operations. 19. A non-transitory machine readable medium storing a program that when executed by a set of processing units of a first host computer identifies packet latency in a software defined datacenter (SDDC), the SDDC comprising a network and a plurality of host computers executing a plurality of machines, the program comprising sets of instructions for:
identifying and storing a plurality of time values associated with a plurality of packet processing operations performed on a particular packet sent by a first machine executing on the first host computer; identifying and storing a time value associated with packet transmission through the SDDC network from the first host computer to a second host computer that is a destination of the particular packet; and providing the stored time values to a set of one or more controllers to process to identify a plurality of latencies experienced by each of a plurality of packets processed in the SDDC. 20. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 19, wherein the set of instructions for providing the stored time values comprises a set of instructions for providing the plurality of identified packet-processing time values with a flow identifier that identifies a flow of the particular packet, said flow identifier allowing the controller set to correlate the time values collected from the first host computer with time values collected from the second host computer, in order to identify latencies experienced by the particular packet as the packet traverses from the first machine to a second machine executing on the second host computer. 21. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 19, wherein the particular packet is part of a packet flow, the program further comprising sets of instructions for:
selecting a subset of packets in the packet flow for latency identification; identifying and storing the plurality of time values for the packet processing operations of each selected packet; and for each packet processing operation, computing an average latency from the time values identified for the subset of selected packets for the packet processing operation, wherein the set of instructions for providing the stored time values comprises a set of instructions for providing to the controller set the average latencies computed for the packet processing operations. 22. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 19, wherein the set of instructions for identifying and storing a time value associated with packet transmission comprises a set of instructions for identifying and storing a time value associated with the packet's forwarding to the second host computer through the network. 23. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 19, wherein the set of instructions for identifying and storing a time value associated with packet transmission comprises a set of instructions for identifying and storing a time value for exchanging control packets between the first and second host computers. 24. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 23, wherein
the control packets are bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) packets for gauging availability of a tunnel between the first and second host computers, and each BFD packet is extended in order for a PNIC of the host computer to insert a sending timestamp in a field of the BFD packet, the sending timestamp corresponding to a time value associated with forwarding the BFD packet through the network. 25. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 24, wherein the program further comprises sets of instructions for:
receiving, from the destination host computer, an extended reply packet comprising (i) a sending timestamp indicating a time at which the reply packet was sent by the destination host computer, (ii) an idle interval indicating a time interval during when the BFD packet was received at the destination host computer and when the destination host computer forwarded the reply packet, and (iii) a piggybacked timestamp comprising the sending timestamp of the BFD packet; and calculating a round-trip time at the host computer by subtracting the piggybacked timestamp and the idle interval from a time at which the reply packet is received at the host computer. | 2,800 |
349,218 | 16,806,752 | 2,862 | The invention relates to methods for treating pruritus with NK-1 receptor antagonists such as serlopitant. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising NK-1 receptor antagonists such as serlopitant. In addition, the invention encompasses treatment of a pruritus-associated condition with serlopitant and an additional antipruritic agent, and the use of serlopitant as a sleep aid, optionally in combination with an additional sleep-aiding agent. | 1-31. (canceled) 32. A method for ameliorating or treating a pruritus-associated condition comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of 3-[(3aR,4R,5S,7aS)-5-[(1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy]-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-octahydroisoindol-2-yl]cyclopent-2-en-1-one (serlopitant) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or polymorph thereof to a patient in need of treatment, wherein the condition is a viral infection. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the therapeutically effective amount of serlopitant comprises a dosage of about 0.10 mg, 0.15 mg, 0.20 mg, 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 0.75 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 2.5 mg, 3 mg, 4 mg, 5 mg, 6 mg, 7 mg, 8 mg, 9 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 25 mg or 30 mg one or more times a day. 34. The method of claim 32, wherein the therapeutically effective amount of serlopitant comprises a dosage of from about 0.1 mg to about 30 mg, or from about 1 mg to about 7.5 mg. 35. The method of claim 32, wherein serlopitant is administered once a day, once every other day, once every third day, once every fourth day, or once a week; and
wherein serlopitant is administered over a period of at least 2 weeks, 1 month, 1.5 months or 2 months. 36. The method of claim 32, wherein serlopitant is administered at bedtime. 37. The method of claim 32, wherein serlopitant is administered orally. 38. The method of claim 32, wherein serlopitant is administered topically, dermally or transdermally. 39. The method of claim 32, wherein serlopitant is administered by injection or infusion. 40. The method of claim 32, further comprising administering one or more additional agents. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the one or more additional agents are selected from the group consisting of antihistamines, corticosteroids, NSAIDs, immunomodulators, immunosuppressants, opioid receptor antagonists, antidepressants and anticonvulsants. 42. The method of claim 41, wherein the corticosteroid comprises one or more of a cortisone, a hydrocortisone, a prednisolone, a methylprednisolone, a prednisone, a tixocortol, a betamethasone, a dexamethasone, a fluocortolone, a halogenated steroid, analclometasone, a beclometasone, a clobetasol, a clobetasone, a desoximetasone, a diflorasone, a diflucortolone, a fluprednidene, a fluticasone, a halobetasol, a ulobetasol, a halometasone, a mometasone, an acetonide, an amcinonide, a budesonide, a ciclesonide, a desonide, a fluocinonide, a fluocinolone acetonide, a flurandrenolide, a flurandrenolone, a fludroxycortide, a halcinonide, a triamcinolone acetonide, a triamcinolone alcohol, and analogs, derivatives and carbonates thereof. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein the corticosteroid comprises one or more of cortisone acetate, hydrocortisone acetate, hydrocortisone-17-aceponate, hydrocortisone-17-buteprate, hydrocortisone-17-butyrate, hydrocortisone-17-valerate, methylprednisolone aceponate, tixocortol pivalate betamethasone dipropionate, betamethasone sodium phosphate, betamethasone valerate, dexamethasone sodium phosphate, fluocortolone caproate, fluocortolone pivalate, alclometasone dipropionate, beclometasone dipropionate, clobetasol-17-propionate, clobetasone-17-butyrate, desoximetasone acetate, diflorasone diacetate, diflucortolone valerate, fluprednidene acetate, fluticasone propionate, halobetasol proprionate, halometasone acetate, mometasone furoate, and prednicarbate. 44. The method of claim 42, wherein the corticosteroid comprises a dexamethasone. 45. The method of claim 43, wherein the corticosteroid is dexamethasone sodium phosphate. 46. The method of claim 32, further comprising administering an antiviral, or ultraviolet B phototherapy, or any combination thereof. 47. The method of claim 44, further comprising administering an antiviral, or ultraviolet B phototherapy, or any combination thereof. 48. The method of claim 32, wherein at least one loading dose of serlopitant is first administered, and at least one therapeutically effective maintenance dose of serlopitant is subsequently administered. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein the at least one loading dose is five times, four times, three times or two times larger than the at least one therapeutically effective maintenance dose, and/or wherein the loading dose is 0.75 mg, 3 mg, or 15 mg, and the at least one therapeutically effective maintenance dose is 0.25 mg, 1 mg, or 5 mg. 50. The method of claim 32, wherein the viral infection is selected from the group consisting of HIV/AIDS, herpes, measles, and a parvovirus; or wherein the viral infection is herpes zoster, parvovirus B19, varicella, or yellow fever. 51. A method of administering a therapeutically effective amount of 3-[(3aR,4R,5S,7aS)-5-[(1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy]-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-octahydroisoindol-2-yl]cyclopent-2-en-1-one (serlopitant) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or polymorph thereof and a corticosteroid to a patient with a viral infection in need of treatment;
wherein serlopitant is administered one, two, three or more times per day, orally, by injection or infusion and the corticosteroid is administered one, two, three or more times per day, intranasally, pulmonarily, by injection or infusion; wherein at least one loading dose of serlopitant is administered, and at least one therapeutically effective maintenance dose of serlopitant is subsequently administered, wherein the at least one loading dose is five times, four times, three times or two times larger than the at least one therapeutically effective maintenance dose or the at least one loading dose is 0.75 mg, 3 mg, or 15 mg, and the at least one therapeutically effective maintenance dose is 0.25 mg, 1 mg, or 5 mg; wherein about 0.1 mg to about 30 mg, or from about 1 mg to about 7.5 mg of serlopitant is administered daily; and wherein the cortosteroid is administered concurrently with or sequentially (before or after) administration of serlopitant. | The invention relates to methods for treating pruritus with NK-1 receptor antagonists such as serlopitant. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising NK-1 receptor antagonists such as serlopitant. In addition, the invention encompasses treatment of a pruritus-associated condition with serlopitant and an additional antipruritic agent, and the use of serlopitant as a sleep aid, optionally in combination with an additional sleep-aiding agent.1-31. (canceled) 32. A method for ameliorating or treating a pruritus-associated condition comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of 3-[(3aR,4R,5S,7aS)-5-[(1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy]-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-octahydroisoindol-2-yl]cyclopent-2-en-1-one (serlopitant) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or polymorph thereof to a patient in need of treatment, wherein the condition is a viral infection. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the therapeutically effective amount of serlopitant comprises a dosage of about 0.10 mg, 0.15 mg, 0.20 mg, 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 0.75 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 2.5 mg, 3 mg, 4 mg, 5 mg, 6 mg, 7 mg, 8 mg, 9 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 25 mg or 30 mg one or more times a day. 34. The method of claim 32, wherein the therapeutically effective amount of serlopitant comprises a dosage of from about 0.1 mg to about 30 mg, or from about 1 mg to about 7.5 mg. 35. The method of claim 32, wherein serlopitant is administered once a day, once every other day, once every third day, once every fourth day, or once a week; and
wherein serlopitant is administered over a period of at least 2 weeks, 1 month, 1.5 months or 2 months. 36. The method of claim 32, wherein serlopitant is administered at bedtime. 37. The method of claim 32, wherein serlopitant is administered orally. 38. The method of claim 32, wherein serlopitant is administered topically, dermally or transdermally. 39. The method of claim 32, wherein serlopitant is administered by injection or infusion. 40. The method of claim 32, further comprising administering one or more additional agents. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the one or more additional agents are selected from the group consisting of antihistamines, corticosteroids, NSAIDs, immunomodulators, immunosuppressants, opioid receptor antagonists, antidepressants and anticonvulsants. 42. The method of claim 41, wherein the corticosteroid comprises one or more of a cortisone, a hydrocortisone, a prednisolone, a methylprednisolone, a prednisone, a tixocortol, a betamethasone, a dexamethasone, a fluocortolone, a halogenated steroid, analclometasone, a beclometasone, a clobetasol, a clobetasone, a desoximetasone, a diflorasone, a diflucortolone, a fluprednidene, a fluticasone, a halobetasol, a ulobetasol, a halometasone, a mometasone, an acetonide, an amcinonide, a budesonide, a ciclesonide, a desonide, a fluocinonide, a fluocinolone acetonide, a flurandrenolide, a flurandrenolone, a fludroxycortide, a halcinonide, a triamcinolone acetonide, a triamcinolone alcohol, and analogs, derivatives and carbonates thereof. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein the corticosteroid comprises one or more of cortisone acetate, hydrocortisone acetate, hydrocortisone-17-aceponate, hydrocortisone-17-buteprate, hydrocortisone-17-butyrate, hydrocortisone-17-valerate, methylprednisolone aceponate, tixocortol pivalate betamethasone dipropionate, betamethasone sodium phosphate, betamethasone valerate, dexamethasone sodium phosphate, fluocortolone caproate, fluocortolone pivalate, alclometasone dipropionate, beclometasone dipropionate, clobetasol-17-propionate, clobetasone-17-butyrate, desoximetasone acetate, diflorasone diacetate, diflucortolone valerate, fluprednidene acetate, fluticasone propionate, halobetasol proprionate, halometasone acetate, mometasone furoate, and prednicarbate. 44. The method of claim 42, wherein the corticosteroid comprises a dexamethasone. 45. The method of claim 43, wherein the corticosteroid is dexamethasone sodium phosphate. 46. The method of claim 32, further comprising administering an antiviral, or ultraviolet B phototherapy, or any combination thereof. 47. The method of claim 44, further comprising administering an antiviral, or ultraviolet B phototherapy, or any combination thereof. 48. The method of claim 32, wherein at least one loading dose of serlopitant is first administered, and at least one therapeutically effective maintenance dose of serlopitant is subsequently administered. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein the at least one loading dose is five times, four times, three times or two times larger than the at least one therapeutically effective maintenance dose, and/or wherein the loading dose is 0.75 mg, 3 mg, or 15 mg, and the at least one therapeutically effective maintenance dose is 0.25 mg, 1 mg, or 5 mg. 50. The method of claim 32, wherein the viral infection is selected from the group consisting of HIV/AIDS, herpes, measles, and a parvovirus; or wherein the viral infection is herpes zoster, parvovirus B19, varicella, or yellow fever. 51. A method of administering a therapeutically effective amount of 3-[(3aR,4R,5S,7aS)-5-[(1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy]-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-octahydroisoindol-2-yl]cyclopent-2-en-1-one (serlopitant) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or polymorph thereof and a corticosteroid to a patient with a viral infection in need of treatment;
wherein serlopitant is administered one, two, three or more times per day, orally, by injection or infusion and the corticosteroid is administered one, two, three or more times per day, intranasally, pulmonarily, by injection or infusion; wherein at least one loading dose of serlopitant is administered, and at least one therapeutically effective maintenance dose of serlopitant is subsequently administered, wherein the at least one loading dose is five times, four times, three times or two times larger than the at least one therapeutically effective maintenance dose or the at least one loading dose is 0.75 mg, 3 mg, or 15 mg, and the at least one therapeutically effective maintenance dose is 0.25 mg, 1 mg, or 5 mg; wherein about 0.1 mg to about 30 mg, or from about 1 mg to about 7.5 mg of serlopitant is administered daily; and wherein the cortosteroid is administered concurrently with or sequentially (before or after) administration of serlopitant. | 2,800 |
349,219 | 16,806,776 | 2,862 | An apparatus including a memory operably coupled to a processor. The processor is configured to determine whether to use an intra smoothing filter for a rectangular prediction unit (PU), wherein a width of the rectangular PU is different from a height of the rectangular PU. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a processor operably coupled to the memory and configured to:
determine whether to use an intra smoothing filter for a rectangular prediction unit (PU), wherein a width of the rectangular PU is different from a height of the rectangular PU; and
apply the intra smoothing filter while performing intra prediction processing for the rectangular PU in response to determining to use the intra smoothing filter. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine whether one or more conditions are satisfied, wherein the one or more conditions comprise a block size of the rectangular PU being greater than a predefined size. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the predefined size is 32. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the block size of the rectangular PU is at least one of 64, 256, or 1024. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine whether one or more conditions are satisfied, wherein the one or more conditions comprise a block size of the rectangular PU not being less than a predefined size. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the predefined size is 64. 7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the block size of the rectangular PU is at least one of 64, 256, or 1024. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine whether one or more conditions are satisfied, wherein the one or more conditions comprise a block size of the rectangular PU being equal to a block size of a square block. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine whether to apply the intra smoothing filter while performing the intra prediction processing for the rectangular PU based on a reference filter strategy, wherein the same reference filter strategy is applied to both a rectangular block and a square block. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the same reference filter strategy is applied to both the rectangular block and the square block based on a block size. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the rectangular block and the square block have a same block size. 12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein a block size of the rectangular block is at least one of 4Γ16, 16Γ4, 2Γ32, or 32Γ2 and a block size of the square block is 8Γ8, or wherein the block size of the rectangular block is at least one of 8Γ32 or 32Γ8 and the block size of the square block is 16Γ16. 13. A method implemented by a processor at least partially implemented in hardware, comprising:
determining, by the processor, whether to use an intra smoothing filter for a rectangular prediction unit (PU), wherein a width of the rectangular PU is different from a height of the rectangular PU; and applying, by the processor, the intra smoothing filter while performing intra prediction processing for the rectangular PU in response to determining to use the intra smoothing filter. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising determining whether one or more conditions are satisfied, wherein the one or more conditions comprise a block size of the rectangular PU being greater than a predefined size. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the predefined size is 32. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the block size of the rectangular PU is at least one of 64, 256, or 1024. 17. The method of claim 13, further comprising determining whether one or more conditions are satisfied, wherein the one or more conditions comprise a block size of the rectangular PU not being less than a predefined size. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the predefined size is 64. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the block size of the rectangular PU is at least one of 64, 256, or 1024. 20. The method according to claim 13, further comprising determining whether one or more conditions are satisfied, wherein the one or more conditions comprise a block size of the rectangular PU being equal to a block size of a square block. 21. The method according to claim 13, further comprising determining whether to apply the intra smoothing filter while performing the intra prediction processing for the rectangular PU based on a reference filter strategy, wherein the same reference filter strategy is applied to both a rectangular block and a square block. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the same reference filter strategy is applied to both the rectangular block and the square block based on a block size. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the rectangular block and the square block have a same block size. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein a block size of the rectangular block is at least one of 4Γ16, 16Γ4, 2Γ32, or 32Γ2 and a block size of the square block is 8Γ8, or wherein the block size of the rectangular block is at least one of 8Γ32 or 32Γ8 and the block size of the square block is 16Γ16. 25. A non-transitory computer readable medium, comprising instructions executable by a processor such that, when executed, causes the processor to be configured to:
determine whether to use an intra smoothing filter for a rectangular prediction unit (PU), wherein a width of the rectangular PU is different from a height of the rectangular PU; and apply the intra smoothing filter while performing intra prediction processing for the rectangular PU in response to determining to use the intra smoothing filter. 26. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 25, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to be further configured to determine whether one or more conditions are satisfied, wherein the one or more conditions comprise a block size of the rectangular PU being greater than a predefined size. 27. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 26, wherein the predefined size is 32. 28. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 26, wherein the block size of the rectangular PU is at least one of 64, 256, or 1024. 29. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 25, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to be further configured to determine whether one or more conditions are satisfied, wherein the one or more conditions comprise a block size of the rectangular PU not being less than a predefined size. 30. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 29, wherein the predefined size is 64. 31. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 29, wherein the block size of the rectangular PU is at least one of 64, 256, or 1024. 32. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 25, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to be further configured to determine whether one or more conditions are satisfied, wherein the one or more conditions comprise a block size of the rectangular PU being equal to a block size of a square block. 33. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 25, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to be further configured to determine whether to apply the intra smoothing filter while performing the intra prediction processing for the rectangular PU based on a reference filter strategy, wherein the same reference filter strategy is applied to both a rectangular block and a square block. 34. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 33, wherein the same reference filter strategy is applied to both the rectangular block and the square block based on a block size. 35. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 33, wherein the rectangular block and the square block have a same block size. 36. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 33, wherein a block size of the rectangular block is at least one of 4Γ16, 16Γ4, 2Γ32, or 32Γ2 and a block size of the square block is 8Γ8, or wherein the block size of the rectangular block is at least one of 8Γ32 or 32Γ8 and the block size of the square block is 16Γ16. | An apparatus including a memory operably coupled to a processor. The processor is configured to determine whether to use an intra smoothing filter for a rectangular prediction unit (PU), wherein a width of the rectangular PU is different from a height of the rectangular PU.1. An apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a processor operably coupled to the memory and configured to:
determine whether to use an intra smoothing filter for a rectangular prediction unit (PU), wherein a width of the rectangular PU is different from a height of the rectangular PU; and
apply the intra smoothing filter while performing intra prediction processing for the rectangular PU in response to determining to use the intra smoothing filter. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine whether one or more conditions are satisfied, wherein the one or more conditions comprise a block size of the rectangular PU being greater than a predefined size. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the predefined size is 32. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the block size of the rectangular PU is at least one of 64, 256, or 1024. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine whether one or more conditions are satisfied, wherein the one or more conditions comprise a block size of the rectangular PU not being less than a predefined size. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the predefined size is 64. 7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the block size of the rectangular PU is at least one of 64, 256, or 1024. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine whether one or more conditions are satisfied, wherein the one or more conditions comprise a block size of the rectangular PU being equal to a block size of a square block. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine whether to apply the intra smoothing filter while performing the intra prediction processing for the rectangular PU based on a reference filter strategy, wherein the same reference filter strategy is applied to both a rectangular block and a square block. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the same reference filter strategy is applied to both the rectangular block and the square block based on a block size. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the rectangular block and the square block have a same block size. 12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein a block size of the rectangular block is at least one of 4Γ16, 16Γ4, 2Γ32, or 32Γ2 and a block size of the square block is 8Γ8, or wherein the block size of the rectangular block is at least one of 8Γ32 or 32Γ8 and the block size of the square block is 16Γ16. 13. A method implemented by a processor at least partially implemented in hardware, comprising:
determining, by the processor, whether to use an intra smoothing filter for a rectangular prediction unit (PU), wherein a width of the rectangular PU is different from a height of the rectangular PU; and applying, by the processor, the intra smoothing filter while performing intra prediction processing for the rectangular PU in response to determining to use the intra smoothing filter. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising determining whether one or more conditions are satisfied, wherein the one or more conditions comprise a block size of the rectangular PU being greater than a predefined size. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the predefined size is 32. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the block size of the rectangular PU is at least one of 64, 256, or 1024. 17. The method of claim 13, further comprising determining whether one or more conditions are satisfied, wherein the one or more conditions comprise a block size of the rectangular PU not being less than a predefined size. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the predefined size is 64. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the block size of the rectangular PU is at least one of 64, 256, or 1024. 20. The method according to claim 13, further comprising determining whether one or more conditions are satisfied, wherein the one or more conditions comprise a block size of the rectangular PU being equal to a block size of a square block. 21. The method according to claim 13, further comprising determining whether to apply the intra smoothing filter while performing the intra prediction processing for the rectangular PU based on a reference filter strategy, wherein the same reference filter strategy is applied to both a rectangular block and a square block. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the same reference filter strategy is applied to both the rectangular block and the square block based on a block size. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the rectangular block and the square block have a same block size. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein a block size of the rectangular block is at least one of 4Γ16, 16Γ4, 2Γ32, or 32Γ2 and a block size of the square block is 8Γ8, or wherein the block size of the rectangular block is at least one of 8Γ32 or 32Γ8 and the block size of the square block is 16Γ16. 25. A non-transitory computer readable medium, comprising instructions executable by a processor such that, when executed, causes the processor to be configured to:
determine whether to use an intra smoothing filter for a rectangular prediction unit (PU), wherein a width of the rectangular PU is different from a height of the rectangular PU; and apply the intra smoothing filter while performing intra prediction processing for the rectangular PU in response to determining to use the intra smoothing filter. 26. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 25, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to be further configured to determine whether one or more conditions are satisfied, wherein the one or more conditions comprise a block size of the rectangular PU being greater than a predefined size. 27. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 26, wherein the predefined size is 32. 28. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 26, wherein the block size of the rectangular PU is at least one of 64, 256, or 1024. 29. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 25, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to be further configured to determine whether one or more conditions are satisfied, wherein the one or more conditions comprise a block size of the rectangular PU not being less than a predefined size. 30. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 29, wherein the predefined size is 64. 31. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 29, wherein the block size of the rectangular PU is at least one of 64, 256, or 1024. 32. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 25, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to be further configured to determine whether one or more conditions are satisfied, wherein the one or more conditions comprise a block size of the rectangular PU being equal to a block size of a square block. 33. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 25, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to be further configured to determine whether to apply the intra smoothing filter while performing the intra prediction processing for the rectangular PU based on a reference filter strategy, wherein the same reference filter strategy is applied to both a rectangular block and a square block. 34. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 33, wherein the same reference filter strategy is applied to both the rectangular block and the square block based on a block size. 35. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 33, wherein the rectangular block and the square block have a same block size. 36. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 33, wherein a block size of the rectangular block is at least one of 4Γ16, 16Γ4, 2Γ32, or 32Γ2 and a block size of the square block is 8Γ8, or wherein the block size of the rectangular block is at least one of 8Γ32 or 32Γ8 and the block size of the square block is 16Γ16. | 2,800 |
349,220 | 16,806,784 | 2,862 | A method includes obtaining operational data recorded by a data recorder onboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), determining timing of a maintenance operation for the UAV based on the operational data, and providing a reminder of the maintenance operation for the UAV based on the determined timing. | 1.-30. (canceled) 31. A method, comprising:
obtaining operational data recorded by a data recorder onboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV); determining timing of a maintenance operation for the UAV based on the operational data; and providing a reminder of the maintenance operation for the UAV based on the determined timing. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the operational data is received from an operational sensor. 33. The method of claim 31, wherein the operational data comprises at least one of:
current attitude, inertial measurement unit data, power level, controller input data, controller commands, altitude, speed, heading, angular rotation, or custom-defined expanded data. 34. The method of claim 31, wherein the operational data is sampled at uniform or different sampling rates. 35. The method of claim 31, further comprising transferring the operational data to a ground based apparatus. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein transferring the operational data comprises transferring the operational data to the ground based apparatus during operation of the UAV. 37. The method of claim 31, wherein determining the timing of the maintenance operation comprises determining that a predetermined threshold is reached. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the predetermined threshold comprises a predetermined number of events or a predetermined period of time. 39. The method of claim 31, wherein the reminder of the maintenance operation comprises an instruction about required maintenance on the UAV. 40. The method of claim 31, wherein providing the reminder comprises displaying the reminder on a device remote from the UAV. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the reminder is provided when the device is operably connected to the UAV. 42. The method of claim 31, wherein the maintenance operation comprises a battery service or a motor service for the UAV. 43. An apparatus, comprising:
a receiver configured to receive operational data from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV); and a processor configured to:
process the operational data to determine timing of a maintenance operation for the UAV; and
provide a reminder of the maintenance operation for the UAV based on the determined timing. 44. The apparatus of claim 43, wherein the apparatus comprises at least one of a controller, a smart phone, a tablet, a wearable electronic device, or a personal computer. 45. The apparatus of claim 43, wherein the receiver is configured to receive operational data during operation of the UAV. 46. The apparatus of claim 43, further comprising a display configured to display the reminder. 47. The apparatus of claim 43, further comprising a recharging station for recharging batteries that power the UAV. 48. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by one or more computers, causes the one or more computers to perform the operations of:
obtaining operational data recorded by a data recorder onboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV); determining timing of a maintenance operation for the UAV based on the operational data; and providing a reminder of the maintenance operation for the UAV based on the determined timing. 49. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 48, wherein determining the timing of the maintenance operation comprises determining that a predetermined threshold is reached. 50. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 48, wherein the reminder of the maintenance operation comprises an instruction about required maintenance on the UAV. | A method includes obtaining operational data recorded by a data recorder onboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), determining timing of a maintenance operation for the UAV based on the operational data, and providing a reminder of the maintenance operation for the UAV based on the determined timing.1.-30. (canceled) 31. A method, comprising:
obtaining operational data recorded by a data recorder onboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV); determining timing of a maintenance operation for the UAV based on the operational data; and providing a reminder of the maintenance operation for the UAV based on the determined timing. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the operational data is received from an operational sensor. 33. The method of claim 31, wherein the operational data comprises at least one of:
current attitude, inertial measurement unit data, power level, controller input data, controller commands, altitude, speed, heading, angular rotation, or custom-defined expanded data. 34. The method of claim 31, wherein the operational data is sampled at uniform or different sampling rates. 35. The method of claim 31, further comprising transferring the operational data to a ground based apparatus. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein transferring the operational data comprises transferring the operational data to the ground based apparatus during operation of the UAV. 37. The method of claim 31, wherein determining the timing of the maintenance operation comprises determining that a predetermined threshold is reached. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the predetermined threshold comprises a predetermined number of events or a predetermined period of time. 39. The method of claim 31, wherein the reminder of the maintenance operation comprises an instruction about required maintenance on the UAV. 40. The method of claim 31, wherein providing the reminder comprises displaying the reminder on a device remote from the UAV. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the reminder is provided when the device is operably connected to the UAV. 42. The method of claim 31, wherein the maintenance operation comprises a battery service or a motor service for the UAV. 43. An apparatus, comprising:
a receiver configured to receive operational data from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV); and a processor configured to:
process the operational data to determine timing of a maintenance operation for the UAV; and
provide a reminder of the maintenance operation for the UAV based on the determined timing. 44. The apparatus of claim 43, wherein the apparatus comprises at least one of a controller, a smart phone, a tablet, a wearable electronic device, or a personal computer. 45. The apparatus of claim 43, wherein the receiver is configured to receive operational data during operation of the UAV. 46. The apparatus of claim 43, further comprising a display configured to display the reminder. 47. The apparatus of claim 43, further comprising a recharging station for recharging batteries that power the UAV. 48. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by one or more computers, causes the one or more computers to perform the operations of:
obtaining operational data recorded by a data recorder onboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV); determining timing of a maintenance operation for the UAV based on the operational data; and providing a reminder of the maintenance operation for the UAV based on the determined timing. 49. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 48, wherein determining the timing of the maintenance operation comprises determining that a predetermined threshold is reached. 50. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 48, wherein the reminder of the maintenance operation comprises an instruction about required maintenance on the UAV. | 2,800 |
349,221 | 16,806,775 | 2,862 | A display module including a substrate having a plurality of pixels, a data line that supplies a data signal to a pixel, a current supply line that supplies electric current to the pixel, a data driving circuit that supplies a data signal to the data line, and a gate driving circuit thereon. The plurality of pixels are arranged in a display area of the substrate, and each of the plurality of pixels includes a light emitting device, a first thin film transistor connected to the data line that supplies the data signal, a second thin film transistor connected to the current supply line, and a capacitor. The light emitting device includes a first electrode layer connected to the second thin film transistor, an organic layer formed on the first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer formed on the organic layer. | 1. A display device comprising:
a display region comprising pixels; scanning lines configured to select the pixels; data lines configured to supply data signals to the pixels; current supply lines configured to supply electric current to the pixels; a current supply bus line connected to the current supply lines; a current drain line disposed outer than the current supply bus line; a gate driving circuit configured to drive the scanning lines; and a data driving circuit configured to drive the data lines, wherein each of the plurality of pixels comprises: a light emitting element; a thin film transistor between one of the current supply lines and the light emitting element; and a capacitor configured to store a gate voltage of the thin film transistor, wherein the light emitting element includes: a first electrode layer connected to the thin film transistor; an organic layer above the first electrode layer; and a second electrode layer above the organic layer, wherein the second electrode layer is connected to the current drain line located outside the display region and formed on a layer at a same level of the first electrode layer. | A display module including a substrate having a plurality of pixels, a data line that supplies a data signal to a pixel, a current supply line that supplies electric current to the pixel, a data driving circuit that supplies a data signal to the data line, and a gate driving circuit thereon. The plurality of pixels are arranged in a display area of the substrate, and each of the plurality of pixels includes a light emitting device, a first thin film transistor connected to the data line that supplies the data signal, a second thin film transistor connected to the current supply line, and a capacitor. The light emitting device includes a first electrode layer connected to the second thin film transistor, an organic layer formed on the first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer formed on the organic layer.1. A display device comprising:
a display region comprising pixels; scanning lines configured to select the pixels; data lines configured to supply data signals to the pixels; current supply lines configured to supply electric current to the pixels; a current supply bus line connected to the current supply lines; a current drain line disposed outer than the current supply bus line; a gate driving circuit configured to drive the scanning lines; and a data driving circuit configured to drive the data lines, wherein each of the plurality of pixels comprises: a light emitting element; a thin film transistor between one of the current supply lines and the light emitting element; and a capacitor configured to store a gate voltage of the thin film transistor, wherein the light emitting element includes: a first electrode layer connected to the thin film transistor; an organic layer above the first electrode layer; and a second electrode layer above the organic layer, wherein the second electrode layer is connected to the current drain line located outside the display region and formed on a layer at a same level of the first electrode layer. | 2,800 |
349,222 | 16,806,772 | 2,862 | A computer-implemented method includes: determining an intensity of a visual effect to be applied to a user interface element; adjusting the intensity of the visual effect based on a characteristic feature of a background area; and rendering the user interface element based on the adjusted intensity of the visual effect. | 1. A non-transitory program storage device comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
receive a user interface element to be rendered over a background area, the user interface element comprising a first plurality of layers, each of the first plurality of layers comprising a first plurality of pixels, wherein a first layer of the first plurality of layers comprises a color layer, wherein each of the pixels in the color layer has a first color value and an opacity value, and wherein a second layer of the first plurality of layers comprises an information layer, wherein information elements in the information layer are rendered opaquely; and render the first plurality of layers of the user interface element on a graphical user interface of a display device, wherein the instructions to render further comprise instructions to render at least the second layer multiple times, wherein the second layer is rendered at least once with a first offset and at least once with a second offset different than the first offset. 2. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 1, wherein a third layer of the first plurality of layers comprises a border pixel layer, wherein a color of each of the pixels in the border pixel layer are determined based, at least in part, on a visual characteristic of the background area. 3. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 1, wherein a fourth layer of the first plurality of layers comprises a visual effect layer, wherein a visual effect applied by the visual effect layer varies over a spatial feature of the user interface element. 4. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 3, wherein the spatial feature of the user interface element comprises one or more of:
a vertical distance relative to the top or bottom edge of the user interface element; a horizontal distance relative to the left or right edge of the user interface element; or a radial distance from a specified point relative to the user interface element. 5. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 1, wherein the first layer and second layer are composited by sequentially being blended with the background area. 6. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 1, wherein the second layer is further rendered at least once with a first color and at least once with a second color different than the first color. 7. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 1, wherein a fifth layer of the first plurality of layers comprises a masked area, wherein the masked area specifies an area of the user interface element that is not affected by any of the other layers of the first plurality of layers. 8. A method, comprising:
receiving a user interface element to be rendered over a background area, the user interface element comprising a first plurality of layers, each of the first plurality of layers comprising a first plurality of pixels, wherein a first layer of the first plurality of layers comprises a color layer, wherein each of the pixels in the color layer has a first color value and an opacity value, and wherein a second layer of the first plurality of layers comprises an information layer, wherein information elements in the information layer are rendered opaquely; and rendering the first plurality of layers of the user interface element on a graphical user interface of a display device, wherein the rendering further comprises rendering at least the second layer multiple times, wherein the second layer is rendered at least once with a first offset and at least once with a second offset different than the first offset. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein a third layer of the first plurality of layers comprises a border pixel layer, wherein a color of each of the pixels in the border pixel layer are determined based, at least in part, on a visual characteristic of the background area. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein a fourth layer of the first plurality of layers comprises a visual effect layer, wherein a visual effect applied by the visual effect layer varies over a spatial feature of the user interface element. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the spatial feature of the user interface element comprises one or more of:
a vertical distance relative to the top or bottom edge of the user interface element; a horizontal distance relative to the left or right edge of the user interface element; or a radial distance from a specified point relative to the user interface element. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the first layer and second layer are composited by sequentially being blended with the background area. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the second layer is further rendered at least once with a first color and at least once with a second color different than the first color. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein a fifth layer of the first plurality of layers comprises a masked area, wherein the masked area specifies an area of the user interface element that is not affected by any of the other layers of the first plurality of layers. 15. A system, comprising:
a display device; and one or more processors, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute instructions that cause the one or more processors to:
receive a user interface element to be rendered over a background area, the user interface element comprising a first plurality of layers, each of the first plurality of layers comprising a first plurality of pixels,
wherein a first layer of the first plurality of layers comprises a color layer, wherein each of the pixels in the color layer has a first color value and an opacity value, and
wherein a second layer of the first plurality of layers comprises an information layer, wherein information elements in the information layer are rendered opaquely; and
render the first plurality of layers of the user interface element on a graphical user interface of the display device, wherein the instructions to render further comprise instructions to render at least the second layer multiple times, wherein the second layer is rendered at least once with a first offset and at least once with a second offset different than the first offset. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein a third layer of the first plurality of layers comprises a border pixel layer, wherein a color of each of the pixels in the border pixel layer are determined based, at least in part, on a visual characteristic of the background area. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein a fourth layer of the first plurality of layers comprises a visual effect layer, wherein a visual effect applied by the visual effect layer varies over a spatial feature of the user interface element. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the first layer and second layer are composited by sequentially being blended with the background area. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the second layer is further rendered at least once with a first color and at least once with a second color different than the first color. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein a fifth layer of the first plurality of layers comprises a masked area, wherein the masked area specifies an area of the user interface element that is not affected by any of the other layers of the first plurality of layers. | A computer-implemented method includes: determining an intensity of a visual effect to be applied to a user interface element; adjusting the intensity of the visual effect based on a characteristic feature of a background area; and rendering the user interface element based on the adjusted intensity of the visual effect.1. A non-transitory program storage device comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
receive a user interface element to be rendered over a background area, the user interface element comprising a first plurality of layers, each of the first plurality of layers comprising a first plurality of pixels, wherein a first layer of the first plurality of layers comprises a color layer, wherein each of the pixels in the color layer has a first color value and an opacity value, and wherein a second layer of the first plurality of layers comprises an information layer, wherein information elements in the information layer are rendered opaquely; and render the first plurality of layers of the user interface element on a graphical user interface of a display device, wherein the instructions to render further comprise instructions to render at least the second layer multiple times, wherein the second layer is rendered at least once with a first offset and at least once with a second offset different than the first offset. 2. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 1, wherein a third layer of the first plurality of layers comprises a border pixel layer, wherein a color of each of the pixels in the border pixel layer are determined based, at least in part, on a visual characteristic of the background area. 3. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 1, wherein a fourth layer of the first plurality of layers comprises a visual effect layer, wherein a visual effect applied by the visual effect layer varies over a spatial feature of the user interface element. 4. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 3, wherein the spatial feature of the user interface element comprises one or more of:
a vertical distance relative to the top or bottom edge of the user interface element; a horizontal distance relative to the left or right edge of the user interface element; or a radial distance from a specified point relative to the user interface element. 5. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 1, wherein the first layer and second layer are composited by sequentially being blended with the background area. 6. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 1, wherein the second layer is further rendered at least once with a first color and at least once with a second color different than the first color. 7. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 1, wherein a fifth layer of the first plurality of layers comprises a masked area, wherein the masked area specifies an area of the user interface element that is not affected by any of the other layers of the first plurality of layers. 8. A method, comprising:
receiving a user interface element to be rendered over a background area, the user interface element comprising a first plurality of layers, each of the first plurality of layers comprising a first plurality of pixels, wherein a first layer of the first plurality of layers comprises a color layer, wherein each of the pixels in the color layer has a first color value and an opacity value, and wherein a second layer of the first plurality of layers comprises an information layer, wherein information elements in the information layer are rendered opaquely; and rendering the first plurality of layers of the user interface element on a graphical user interface of a display device, wherein the rendering further comprises rendering at least the second layer multiple times, wherein the second layer is rendered at least once with a first offset and at least once with a second offset different than the first offset. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein a third layer of the first plurality of layers comprises a border pixel layer, wherein a color of each of the pixels in the border pixel layer are determined based, at least in part, on a visual characteristic of the background area. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein a fourth layer of the first plurality of layers comprises a visual effect layer, wherein a visual effect applied by the visual effect layer varies over a spatial feature of the user interface element. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the spatial feature of the user interface element comprises one or more of:
a vertical distance relative to the top or bottom edge of the user interface element; a horizontal distance relative to the left or right edge of the user interface element; or a radial distance from a specified point relative to the user interface element. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the first layer and second layer are composited by sequentially being blended with the background area. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the second layer is further rendered at least once with a first color and at least once with a second color different than the first color. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein a fifth layer of the first plurality of layers comprises a masked area, wherein the masked area specifies an area of the user interface element that is not affected by any of the other layers of the first plurality of layers. 15. A system, comprising:
a display device; and one or more processors, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute instructions that cause the one or more processors to:
receive a user interface element to be rendered over a background area, the user interface element comprising a first plurality of layers, each of the first plurality of layers comprising a first plurality of pixels,
wherein a first layer of the first plurality of layers comprises a color layer, wherein each of the pixels in the color layer has a first color value and an opacity value, and
wherein a second layer of the first plurality of layers comprises an information layer, wherein information elements in the information layer are rendered opaquely; and
render the first plurality of layers of the user interface element on a graphical user interface of the display device, wherein the instructions to render further comprise instructions to render at least the second layer multiple times, wherein the second layer is rendered at least once with a first offset and at least once with a second offset different than the first offset. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein a third layer of the first plurality of layers comprises a border pixel layer, wherein a color of each of the pixels in the border pixel layer are determined based, at least in part, on a visual characteristic of the background area. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein a fourth layer of the first plurality of layers comprises a visual effect layer, wherein a visual effect applied by the visual effect layer varies over a spatial feature of the user interface element. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the first layer and second layer are composited by sequentially being blended with the background area. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the second layer is further rendered at least once with a first color and at least once with a second color different than the first color. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein a fifth layer of the first plurality of layers comprises a masked area, wherein the masked area specifies an area of the user interface element that is not affected by any of the other layers of the first plurality of layers. | 2,800 |
349,223 | 16,806,760 | 2,862 | An apparatus and method for sourcing nuclear fusion products uses an electrochemical loading process to load low-kinetic-energy (low-k) light element particles into a target electrode, which comprises a light-element-absorbing material (e.g., Palladium). An electrolyte solution containing the low-k light element particles is maintained in contact with a backside surface of the target electrode while a bias voltage is applied between the target electrode and an electrochemical anode, thereby causing low-k light element particles to diffuse from the backside surface to an opposing frontside surface of the target electrode. High-kinetic-energy (high-k) light element particles are directed against the frontside, thereby causing fusion reactions each time a high-k light element particle operably collides with a low-k light element particle disposed on the frontside surface. Fusion reaction rates are controlled by adjusting the bias voltage. | 1. An apparatus for sourcing fusion reaction products comprising:
a target electrode comprising a light-element-absorbing material; an electrochemical cell including an electrolyte solution containing low-kinetic-energy (low-k) light element particles; and a particle accelerator configured to direct a plurality of high-kinetic-energy (high-k) light element particles toward the target electrode, wherein the electrochemical cell is configured to maintain contact between the electrolyte solution and the target electrode such that some of the low-k light element particles are absorbed from the electrolyte solution into the target electrode, and wherein the particle accelerator is configured to provide each said high-k light element particle with sufficient energy to generate a fusion reaction when said each high-k light element particle operably collides with an associated said low-k light element particle absorbed by the target electrode. 2. The apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the target electrode has a first surface and an opposing second surface, wherein the electrochemical cell is configured to maintain contact between the electrolyte solution and the second surface of the target electrode, and wherein the particle accelerator is configured to direct at least a portion of the plurality of high-k light element particles toward the first surface of the target electrode. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the electrochemical cell further comprises an electrochemical anode disposed in contact with the electrolyte solution and operably coupled to a bias source that is configured to apply an electrochemical bias between the target electrode and the electrochemical anode such that the low-k light element particles are driven from the electrolyte solution to the second surface, whereby the driven low-k light element particles are absorbed through the second surface and diffuse through the light-element-absorbing material to the first surface. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising a bias control device operably coupled to the bias source and configured to adjust a level of the electrochemical bias applied to the electrochemical anode in response to an externally applied bias control signal, whereby a diffusion rate of the low-k light element particles through the light-element-absorbing material is selectively adjustable by way of variances in a level of the externally applied bias control signal. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the target electrode comprises a hydrogen absorbing material and both the low-k light element particles and the high-k light element particles comprise hydrogen isotope particles. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the target electrode comprises palladium and the electrolyte solution comprises hydrogen isotope particles. 7. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a vacuum chamber containing a rarefied atmosphere comprising light element gas molecules,
wherein the target electrode is configured such that the first surface is exposed to the rarefied atmosphere, wherein the particle accelerator comprises a plasma ion source including a counter electrode disposed in the vacuum chamber and configured to produce a plasma discharge between the counter electrode and the target electrode such that the high-k light element particles comprise dissociated light element gas molecules that are accelerated by the plasma discharge toward the first surface of the target electrode. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising at least one of a hydrogen source and a second electrochemical cell operably configured to supply light element gas molecules into the vacuum chamber. 9. The apparatus of claim 7,
wherein the target electrode comprises a tube-shaped structure including a cylindrical central portion fixedly connected to an upper flange such that a first portion of the tube-shaped structure is disposed inside the vacuum chamber and a second portion of the tube-shaped structure is disposed outside of the vacuum chamber, where the electrolyte solution is contained within target electrode such that the low-k light element particles diffuse through the cylindrical central portion of the tube-shaped target electrode, and wherein the plasma ion source includes a cylindrical counter electrode that surrounds the cylindrical central portion of the tube-shaped target electrode. 10. The apparatus of claim 7,
where the electrochemical cell comprises a cylindrical housing containing the electrolyte solution, the electrochemical cell being mounted onto a first flange of the vacuum chamber such that a first end of the cylindrical housing is disposed inside the vacuum chamber, wherein the target electrode comprises a disk-shaped structure fixedly connected to the first end of the cylindrical housing, and wherein the plasma ion source includes one or more disk-shaped counter electrodes disposed in parallel with the disk-shaped target electrode. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrochemical cell includes both a counter electrode and a reference electrode disposed in contact with the electrolyte solution. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrochemical cell comprises a recombiner. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least one of a residual gas analyzer, a mass spectrometer, a neutron detector, a charged particle detector and a gamma ray detector operably configured to detect fusion reaction products generated by the fusion reactions. 14. A method for sourcing nuclear fusion products, the method comprising:
electrochemically loading a plurality of low low-kinetic-energy (low-k) light element particles into a target electrode such that some of said low-k element atoms are disposed on a first surface of the target electrode; and directing a plurality of high-kinetic-energy (high-k) light element particles against the first surface, wherein each said high-k light element particle has sufficient energy to produce a fusion reaction when said each high-k light element particle operably collides with an associated said low-k light element particles disposed on the first surface. 15. The method of claim 14,
wherein the target electrode comprises an electrically conductive light-element-absorbing material having a second surface that opposite to the first surface, and wherein the electrochemically loading further comprises: maintaining an electrolyte solution in contact with the second surface of the target electrode, the electrolyte solution including the low-k light element particles, and applying one of a bias voltage and a bias current to the electrolyte solution such that some of the low-k light element particles disposed in the electrolyte solution are driven to the second surface of the target electrode, and then diffuse through the target electrode to the first surface. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the electrochemically loading further comprises controlling a diffusion rate of the low-k light element particles through the target electrode to the first surface by way of controllably adjusting a level of said one of the bias voltage and the bias current. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the electrochemically loading comprises loading hydrogen isotope particles into said target electrode, wherein said target electrode comprises palladium. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein said directing the plurality of high-k light element particles is performed in a rarified environment comprising light element gas molecules, and further comprises utilizing a plasma discharge such that the high-k light element particles comprise dissociated light element gas molecules that are accelerated by the plasma discharge toward the first surface of the target electrode. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the light element gas molecules are entirely supplied by detachment of the low-k element atoms from the first surface of the target electrode. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the light element gas molecules are at least partially supplied from one of a hydrogen source and a second electrochemical cell that are operably configured to supply light element gas molecules into the vacuum chamber. 21. The method of claim 15,
wherein said electrochemically loading comprises disposing said electrolyte solution in a tube-shaped target electrode having a cylindrical outer surface, and wherein said directing comprises disposing a cylindrical counter electrode around the cylindrical outer surface of the tube-shaped target electrode and driving the cylindrical counter electrode such that a plasma cylindrical plasma discharge is generated between the cylindrical counter electrode the cylindrical outer surface of the tube-shaped target electrode. 22. The method of claim 15,
wherein said electrochemically loading comprises disposing said electrolyte solution in a cylindrical housing containing the electrolyte solution such that the electrolyte solution contacts a disk-shaped target electrode secured to a first end of the cylindrical housing, and wherein said directing comprises disposing a disk-shaped counter electrode adjacent to the disk-shaped target electrode and driving the disk-shaped counter electrode such that a plasma cylindrical plasma discharge is generated between the disk-shaped counter electrode the disk-shaped target electrode. 23. The method of claim 15, wherein said electrochemically loading further comprises utilizing a recombiner to catalyze a recombination of light element gas molecules with oxygen. 24. The method of claim 14, further comprising utilizing at least one of a residual gas analyzer, a mass spectrometer, a neutron detector, a charged particle detector and a gamma ray detector to detect fusion reaction products generated by the fusion reactions. | An apparatus and method for sourcing nuclear fusion products uses an electrochemical loading process to load low-kinetic-energy (low-k) light element particles into a target electrode, which comprises a light-element-absorbing material (e.g., Palladium). An electrolyte solution containing the low-k light element particles is maintained in contact with a backside surface of the target electrode while a bias voltage is applied between the target electrode and an electrochemical anode, thereby causing low-k light element particles to diffuse from the backside surface to an opposing frontside surface of the target electrode. High-kinetic-energy (high-k) light element particles are directed against the frontside, thereby causing fusion reactions each time a high-k light element particle operably collides with a low-k light element particle disposed on the frontside surface. Fusion reaction rates are controlled by adjusting the bias voltage.1. An apparatus for sourcing fusion reaction products comprising:
a target electrode comprising a light-element-absorbing material; an electrochemical cell including an electrolyte solution containing low-kinetic-energy (low-k) light element particles; and a particle accelerator configured to direct a plurality of high-kinetic-energy (high-k) light element particles toward the target electrode, wherein the electrochemical cell is configured to maintain contact between the electrolyte solution and the target electrode such that some of the low-k light element particles are absorbed from the electrolyte solution into the target electrode, and wherein the particle accelerator is configured to provide each said high-k light element particle with sufficient energy to generate a fusion reaction when said each high-k light element particle operably collides with an associated said low-k light element particle absorbed by the target electrode. 2. The apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the target electrode has a first surface and an opposing second surface, wherein the electrochemical cell is configured to maintain contact between the electrolyte solution and the second surface of the target electrode, and wherein the particle accelerator is configured to direct at least a portion of the plurality of high-k light element particles toward the first surface of the target electrode. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the electrochemical cell further comprises an electrochemical anode disposed in contact with the electrolyte solution and operably coupled to a bias source that is configured to apply an electrochemical bias between the target electrode and the electrochemical anode such that the low-k light element particles are driven from the electrolyte solution to the second surface, whereby the driven low-k light element particles are absorbed through the second surface and diffuse through the light-element-absorbing material to the first surface. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising a bias control device operably coupled to the bias source and configured to adjust a level of the electrochemical bias applied to the electrochemical anode in response to an externally applied bias control signal, whereby a diffusion rate of the low-k light element particles through the light-element-absorbing material is selectively adjustable by way of variances in a level of the externally applied bias control signal. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the target electrode comprises a hydrogen absorbing material and both the low-k light element particles and the high-k light element particles comprise hydrogen isotope particles. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the target electrode comprises palladium and the electrolyte solution comprises hydrogen isotope particles. 7. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a vacuum chamber containing a rarefied atmosphere comprising light element gas molecules,
wherein the target electrode is configured such that the first surface is exposed to the rarefied atmosphere, wherein the particle accelerator comprises a plasma ion source including a counter electrode disposed in the vacuum chamber and configured to produce a plasma discharge between the counter electrode and the target electrode such that the high-k light element particles comprise dissociated light element gas molecules that are accelerated by the plasma discharge toward the first surface of the target electrode. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising at least one of a hydrogen source and a second electrochemical cell operably configured to supply light element gas molecules into the vacuum chamber. 9. The apparatus of claim 7,
wherein the target electrode comprises a tube-shaped structure including a cylindrical central portion fixedly connected to an upper flange such that a first portion of the tube-shaped structure is disposed inside the vacuum chamber and a second portion of the tube-shaped structure is disposed outside of the vacuum chamber, where the electrolyte solution is contained within target electrode such that the low-k light element particles diffuse through the cylindrical central portion of the tube-shaped target electrode, and wherein the plasma ion source includes a cylindrical counter electrode that surrounds the cylindrical central portion of the tube-shaped target electrode. 10. The apparatus of claim 7,
where the electrochemical cell comprises a cylindrical housing containing the electrolyte solution, the electrochemical cell being mounted onto a first flange of the vacuum chamber such that a first end of the cylindrical housing is disposed inside the vacuum chamber, wherein the target electrode comprises a disk-shaped structure fixedly connected to the first end of the cylindrical housing, and wherein the plasma ion source includes one or more disk-shaped counter electrodes disposed in parallel with the disk-shaped target electrode. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrochemical cell includes both a counter electrode and a reference electrode disposed in contact with the electrolyte solution. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrochemical cell comprises a recombiner. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least one of a residual gas analyzer, a mass spectrometer, a neutron detector, a charged particle detector and a gamma ray detector operably configured to detect fusion reaction products generated by the fusion reactions. 14. A method for sourcing nuclear fusion products, the method comprising:
electrochemically loading a plurality of low low-kinetic-energy (low-k) light element particles into a target electrode such that some of said low-k element atoms are disposed on a first surface of the target electrode; and directing a plurality of high-kinetic-energy (high-k) light element particles against the first surface, wherein each said high-k light element particle has sufficient energy to produce a fusion reaction when said each high-k light element particle operably collides with an associated said low-k light element particles disposed on the first surface. 15. The method of claim 14,
wherein the target electrode comprises an electrically conductive light-element-absorbing material having a second surface that opposite to the first surface, and wherein the electrochemically loading further comprises: maintaining an electrolyte solution in contact with the second surface of the target electrode, the electrolyte solution including the low-k light element particles, and applying one of a bias voltage and a bias current to the electrolyte solution such that some of the low-k light element particles disposed in the electrolyte solution are driven to the second surface of the target electrode, and then diffuse through the target electrode to the first surface. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the electrochemically loading further comprises controlling a diffusion rate of the low-k light element particles through the target electrode to the first surface by way of controllably adjusting a level of said one of the bias voltage and the bias current. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the electrochemically loading comprises loading hydrogen isotope particles into said target electrode, wherein said target electrode comprises palladium. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein said directing the plurality of high-k light element particles is performed in a rarified environment comprising light element gas molecules, and further comprises utilizing a plasma discharge such that the high-k light element particles comprise dissociated light element gas molecules that are accelerated by the plasma discharge toward the first surface of the target electrode. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the light element gas molecules are entirely supplied by detachment of the low-k element atoms from the first surface of the target electrode. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the light element gas molecules are at least partially supplied from one of a hydrogen source and a second electrochemical cell that are operably configured to supply light element gas molecules into the vacuum chamber. 21. The method of claim 15,
wherein said electrochemically loading comprises disposing said electrolyte solution in a tube-shaped target electrode having a cylindrical outer surface, and wherein said directing comprises disposing a cylindrical counter electrode around the cylindrical outer surface of the tube-shaped target electrode and driving the cylindrical counter electrode such that a plasma cylindrical plasma discharge is generated between the cylindrical counter electrode the cylindrical outer surface of the tube-shaped target electrode. 22. The method of claim 15,
wherein said electrochemically loading comprises disposing said electrolyte solution in a cylindrical housing containing the electrolyte solution such that the electrolyte solution contacts a disk-shaped target electrode secured to a first end of the cylindrical housing, and wherein said directing comprises disposing a disk-shaped counter electrode adjacent to the disk-shaped target electrode and driving the disk-shaped counter electrode such that a plasma cylindrical plasma discharge is generated between the disk-shaped counter electrode the disk-shaped target electrode. 23. The method of claim 15, wherein said electrochemically loading further comprises utilizing a recombiner to catalyze a recombination of light element gas molecules with oxygen. 24. The method of claim 14, further comprising utilizing at least one of a residual gas analyzer, a mass spectrometer, a neutron detector, a charged particle detector and a gamma ray detector to detect fusion reaction products generated by the fusion reactions. | 2,800 |
349,224 | 16,806,777 | 2,862 | A processing device in a memory system reads a sense word from a memory device and executes a plurality of parity check equations on corresponding subsets of the sense word to determine a plurality of parity check equation results. The processing device determines a syndrome for the sense word using the plurality of parity check equation results, determines whether the syndrome for the sense word satisfies a codeword criterion, and responsive to the syndrome for the sense word not satisfying the codeword criterion, performs an iterative LDPC correction process, wherein at least one iteration after a first iteration in the LDPC correction process uses a criterion based at least partially on a previous iteration or partial iteration. | 1. A system comprising:
a memory device; and a processing device, operatively coupled with the memory device, to perform operations comprising:
reading a sense word from the memory device;
executing a plurality of parity check equations on corresponding subsets of the sense word to determine a plurality of parity check equation results;
determining a syndrome for the sense word using the plurality of parity check equation results;
determining whether the syndrome for the sense word satisfies a codeword criterion; and
responsive to the syndrome for the sense word not satisfying the codeword criterion, performing an iterative low density parity check (LDPC) correction process, wherein at least one iteration after a first iteration in the LDPC correction process uses a criterion that is based at least partially on a previous iteration or partial iteration, and wherein performing the iterative LDPC correction process comprises flipping any bits in the sense word having an associated energy level that is greater than or equal to a maximum energy level associated with any one bit of the sense word from the previous iteration. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device to perform further operations comprising:
receiving, from a requestor, a request to read data from the memory device, wherein the sense word is associated with the data; and responsive to the syndrome for the sense word satisfying the codeword criterion, returning the sense word to the requestor as the requested data. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of parity check equations corresponds to a different subset of the sense word, and wherein each of the plurality of parity check equation results indicates whether a number of bits set to a value of β1β in a corresponding subset of the sense word is even or odd. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein determining the syndrome for the sense word comprises logically combining the plurality of parity check equation results, and wherein determining whether the syndrome for the sense word satisfies the codeword criterion comprises determining whether all the plurality of parity check equation results in the syndrome are in a satisfied state. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein performing the iterative LDPC correction process comprises:
determining the energy level associated with each bit of the sense word; determining the maximum energy level associated with the one bit of the sense word; determining whether a current iteration of the LDPC correction process is the first iteration; and responsive to the current iteration being the first iteration, flipping any bits in the sense word having an energy level that satisfies an energy threshold condition. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein performing the iterative LDPC correction process further comprises:
responsive to the current iteration not being the first iteration, flipping the bits in the sense word having the associated energy level that is greater than or equal to the maximum energy level associated with the one bit of the sense word from the previous iteration. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the energy level associated with a given bit of the sense word represents a number of parity check equation results that are in an unsatisfied state for the bit plus the XOR of a current value of the bit with an original value of the bit. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device to perform further operations comprising:
determining whether a number of iterations performed in the iterative LDPC correction process satisfies an iteration criterion; in response to the number of iterations performed satisfying the iteration criterion, continuing the LDPC correction process; and in response to the number of iterations performed not satisfying the iteration criterion, ending the LDPC correction process. 9. A method comprising:
reading a sense word; executing a plurality of parity check equations on corresponding subsets of the sense word to determine a plurality of parity check equation results; determining a syndrome for the sense word using the plurality of parity check equation results; determining whether the syndrome for the sense word satisfies a codeword criterion; and responsive to the syndrome for the sense word not satisfying the codeword criterion, performing an iterative low density parity check (LDPC) correction process, wherein at least one iteration after a first iteration in the LDPC correction process uses a criterion based at least partially on a previous iteration or partial iteration, and wherein performing the iterative LDPC correction process comprises flipping any bits in the sense word having an associated energy level that is greater than or equal to a maximum energy level associated with any one bit of the sense word from the previous iteration. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving, from a requestor, a request to read data, wherein the sense word is associated with the data; and responsive to the syndrome for the sense word satisfying the codeword criterion, returning the sense word to the requestor as the requested data. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein each of the plurality of parity check equations corresponds to a different subset of the sense word, and wherein each of the plurality of parity check equation results indicates whether a number of bits set to a value of β1β in a corresponding subset of the sense word is even or odd. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein determining the syndrome for the sense word comprises logically combining the plurality of parity check equation results, and wherein determining whether the syndrome for the sense word satisfies the codeword criterion comprises determining whether all the plurality of parity check equation results in the syndrome are in a satisfied state. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein performing the iterative LDPC correction process comprises:
determining the energy level associated with each bit of the sense word; determining the maximum energy level associated with the one bit of the sense word; determining whether a current iteration of the LDPC correction process is the first iteration; and responsive to the current iteration being the first iteration, flipping any bits in the sense word having an energy level that satisfies an energy threshold condition. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein performing the iterative LDPC correction process further comprises:
responsive to the current iteration not being the first iteration, flipping the bits in the sense word having the associated energy level that is greater than or equal to the maximum energy level associated with the one bit of the sense word from the previous iteration. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the energy level associated with a given bit of the sense word represents a number of parity check equation results that are in an unsatisfied state for the bit plus the XOR of a current value of the bit with an original value of the bit. 16. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
determining whether a number of iterations performed in the iterative LDPC correction process satisfies an iteration criterion; in response to the number of iterations performed satisfying the iteration criterion, continuing the LDPC correction process; and in response to the number of iterations performed not satisfying the iteration criterion, ending the LDPC correction process. 17. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processing device, cause the processing device to perform operations comprising:
reading a sense word from a memory device; executing a plurality of parity check equations on corresponding subsets of the sense word to determine a plurality of parity check equation results; determining whether the plurality of parity check equation results indicates an error in the sense word; and responsive to the parity check equation results indicating an error in the sense word:
performing a first iteration of an error correction process; and
performing one or more subsequent iterations of the error correction process, wherein the one or more subsequent iterations comprise flipping any bits in the sense word having a number of parity check equation results that are in an unsatisfied state equal to a maximum number of parity check equation results that are in the unsatisfied state for any one bit of the sense word from a previous iteration or partial iteration. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein each of the plurality of parity check equations corresponds to a different subset of the sense word, and wherein each of the plurality of parity check equation results indicates whether a number of bits set to a value of β1β in a corresponding subset of the sense word is even or odd. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein determining whether the plurality of parity check equation results indicates an error in the sense word comprises determining whether all of the plurality of parity check equation results are in a satisfied state. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein performing the first iteration of the error correction process comprises:
determining a number of parity check equation results that are in an unsatisfied state for each bit of the sense word; determining a maximum number of parity check equation results that are in the unsatisfied state for any one bit of the sense word; and flipping any bit in the sense word having a number of parity check equation results that are in the unsatisfied state that satisfies an energy threshold condition. | A processing device in a memory system reads a sense word from a memory device and executes a plurality of parity check equations on corresponding subsets of the sense word to determine a plurality of parity check equation results. The processing device determines a syndrome for the sense word using the plurality of parity check equation results, determines whether the syndrome for the sense word satisfies a codeword criterion, and responsive to the syndrome for the sense word not satisfying the codeword criterion, performs an iterative LDPC correction process, wherein at least one iteration after a first iteration in the LDPC correction process uses a criterion based at least partially on a previous iteration or partial iteration.1. A system comprising:
a memory device; and a processing device, operatively coupled with the memory device, to perform operations comprising:
reading a sense word from the memory device;
executing a plurality of parity check equations on corresponding subsets of the sense word to determine a plurality of parity check equation results;
determining a syndrome for the sense word using the plurality of parity check equation results;
determining whether the syndrome for the sense word satisfies a codeword criterion; and
responsive to the syndrome for the sense word not satisfying the codeword criterion, performing an iterative low density parity check (LDPC) correction process, wherein at least one iteration after a first iteration in the LDPC correction process uses a criterion that is based at least partially on a previous iteration or partial iteration, and wherein performing the iterative LDPC correction process comprises flipping any bits in the sense word having an associated energy level that is greater than or equal to a maximum energy level associated with any one bit of the sense word from the previous iteration. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device to perform further operations comprising:
receiving, from a requestor, a request to read data from the memory device, wherein the sense word is associated with the data; and responsive to the syndrome for the sense word satisfying the codeword criterion, returning the sense word to the requestor as the requested data. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of parity check equations corresponds to a different subset of the sense word, and wherein each of the plurality of parity check equation results indicates whether a number of bits set to a value of β1β in a corresponding subset of the sense word is even or odd. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein determining the syndrome for the sense word comprises logically combining the plurality of parity check equation results, and wherein determining whether the syndrome for the sense word satisfies the codeword criterion comprises determining whether all the plurality of parity check equation results in the syndrome are in a satisfied state. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein performing the iterative LDPC correction process comprises:
determining the energy level associated with each bit of the sense word; determining the maximum energy level associated with the one bit of the sense word; determining whether a current iteration of the LDPC correction process is the first iteration; and responsive to the current iteration being the first iteration, flipping any bits in the sense word having an energy level that satisfies an energy threshold condition. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein performing the iterative LDPC correction process further comprises:
responsive to the current iteration not being the first iteration, flipping the bits in the sense word having the associated energy level that is greater than or equal to the maximum energy level associated with the one bit of the sense word from the previous iteration. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the energy level associated with a given bit of the sense word represents a number of parity check equation results that are in an unsatisfied state for the bit plus the XOR of a current value of the bit with an original value of the bit. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device to perform further operations comprising:
determining whether a number of iterations performed in the iterative LDPC correction process satisfies an iteration criterion; in response to the number of iterations performed satisfying the iteration criterion, continuing the LDPC correction process; and in response to the number of iterations performed not satisfying the iteration criterion, ending the LDPC correction process. 9. A method comprising:
reading a sense word; executing a plurality of parity check equations on corresponding subsets of the sense word to determine a plurality of parity check equation results; determining a syndrome for the sense word using the plurality of parity check equation results; determining whether the syndrome for the sense word satisfies a codeword criterion; and responsive to the syndrome for the sense word not satisfying the codeword criterion, performing an iterative low density parity check (LDPC) correction process, wherein at least one iteration after a first iteration in the LDPC correction process uses a criterion based at least partially on a previous iteration or partial iteration, and wherein performing the iterative LDPC correction process comprises flipping any bits in the sense word having an associated energy level that is greater than or equal to a maximum energy level associated with any one bit of the sense word from the previous iteration. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving, from a requestor, a request to read data, wherein the sense word is associated with the data; and responsive to the syndrome for the sense word satisfying the codeword criterion, returning the sense word to the requestor as the requested data. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein each of the plurality of parity check equations corresponds to a different subset of the sense word, and wherein each of the plurality of parity check equation results indicates whether a number of bits set to a value of β1β in a corresponding subset of the sense word is even or odd. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein determining the syndrome for the sense word comprises logically combining the plurality of parity check equation results, and wherein determining whether the syndrome for the sense word satisfies the codeword criterion comprises determining whether all the plurality of parity check equation results in the syndrome are in a satisfied state. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein performing the iterative LDPC correction process comprises:
determining the energy level associated with each bit of the sense word; determining the maximum energy level associated with the one bit of the sense word; determining whether a current iteration of the LDPC correction process is the first iteration; and responsive to the current iteration being the first iteration, flipping any bits in the sense word having an energy level that satisfies an energy threshold condition. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein performing the iterative LDPC correction process further comprises:
responsive to the current iteration not being the first iteration, flipping the bits in the sense word having the associated energy level that is greater than or equal to the maximum energy level associated with the one bit of the sense word from the previous iteration. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the energy level associated with a given bit of the sense word represents a number of parity check equation results that are in an unsatisfied state for the bit plus the XOR of a current value of the bit with an original value of the bit. 16. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
determining whether a number of iterations performed in the iterative LDPC correction process satisfies an iteration criterion; in response to the number of iterations performed satisfying the iteration criterion, continuing the LDPC correction process; and in response to the number of iterations performed not satisfying the iteration criterion, ending the LDPC correction process. 17. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processing device, cause the processing device to perform operations comprising:
reading a sense word from a memory device; executing a plurality of parity check equations on corresponding subsets of the sense word to determine a plurality of parity check equation results; determining whether the plurality of parity check equation results indicates an error in the sense word; and responsive to the parity check equation results indicating an error in the sense word:
performing a first iteration of an error correction process; and
performing one or more subsequent iterations of the error correction process, wherein the one or more subsequent iterations comprise flipping any bits in the sense word having a number of parity check equation results that are in an unsatisfied state equal to a maximum number of parity check equation results that are in the unsatisfied state for any one bit of the sense word from a previous iteration or partial iteration. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein each of the plurality of parity check equations corresponds to a different subset of the sense word, and wherein each of the plurality of parity check equation results indicates whether a number of bits set to a value of β1β in a corresponding subset of the sense word is even or odd. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein determining whether the plurality of parity check equation results indicates an error in the sense word comprises determining whether all of the plurality of parity check equation results are in a satisfied state. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein performing the first iteration of the error correction process comprises:
determining a number of parity check equation results that are in an unsatisfied state for each bit of the sense word; determining a maximum number of parity check equation results that are in the unsatisfied state for any one bit of the sense word; and flipping any bit in the sense word having a number of parity check equation results that are in the unsatisfied state that satisfies an energy threshold condition. | 2,800 |
349,225 | 16,806,782 | 2,862 | Tobacco products suitable for oral ingestion are provided. The tobacco products include a tobacco composition and at least one edible film. The edible film can include one or more of (i) a fruit or vegetable puree and (ii) a denatured protein. A multi-layer tobacco product is provided that includes a tobacco composition in the form of a compressed sheet layer and at least one edible film adjacent to the tobacco composition layer, wherein the edible film includes a puree of at least one fruit, vegetable, or a combination thereof. A process for preparing a tobacco product is also provided, such as a process that includes receiving a tobacco composition and an edible film; applying the edible film to the tobacco composition; and compressing the edible film and tobacco composition together to form a multi-layer tobacco product. | 1.-18. (canceled) 19. A process for preparing a tobacco product adapted for oral consumption, comprising
receiving a tobacco composition; receiving at least one edible film; applying the at least one edible film to the tobacco composition; and compressing the edible film and tobacco composition together to form a multi-layer tobacco product adapted for oral consumption, wherein the edible film comprises one or more of (i) a fruit or vegetable puree and (ii) a denatured protein. 20. The process of claim 19, wherein the tobacco composition is received as a cut, ground, pelletized, particulate, granular, shredded, reconstituted, extruded, or cast tobacco material. 21. The process of claim 19, wherein the tobacco composition is received as a compressed tobacco sheet. 22. The process of claim 19, wherein the edible film is fibrillated or perforated prior to or after compressing the edible film and tobacco composition. 23. The process of claim 19, further comprising the step of heating the edible film prior to compressing the edible film and tobacco composition. | Tobacco products suitable for oral ingestion are provided. The tobacco products include a tobacco composition and at least one edible film. The edible film can include one or more of (i) a fruit or vegetable puree and (ii) a denatured protein. A multi-layer tobacco product is provided that includes a tobacco composition in the form of a compressed sheet layer and at least one edible film adjacent to the tobacco composition layer, wherein the edible film includes a puree of at least one fruit, vegetable, or a combination thereof. A process for preparing a tobacco product is also provided, such as a process that includes receiving a tobacco composition and an edible film; applying the edible film to the tobacco composition; and compressing the edible film and tobacco composition together to form a multi-layer tobacco product.1.-18. (canceled) 19. A process for preparing a tobacco product adapted for oral consumption, comprising
receiving a tobacco composition; receiving at least one edible film; applying the at least one edible film to the tobacco composition; and compressing the edible film and tobacco composition together to form a multi-layer tobacco product adapted for oral consumption, wherein the edible film comprises one or more of (i) a fruit or vegetable puree and (ii) a denatured protein. 20. The process of claim 19, wherein the tobacco composition is received as a cut, ground, pelletized, particulate, granular, shredded, reconstituted, extruded, or cast tobacco material. 21. The process of claim 19, wherein the tobacco composition is received as a compressed tobacco sheet. 22. The process of claim 19, wherein the edible film is fibrillated or perforated prior to or after compressing the edible film and tobacco composition. 23. The process of claim 19, further comprising the step of heating the edible film prior to compressing the edible film and tobacco composition. | 2,800 |
349,226 | 16,806,693 | 2,862 | A preset alert trigger event associated with a wealth management application operated on an electronic device is detected. In response to detecting the preset alert trigger event, the electronic device obtains a physiological characteristic parameter characterizing an emotion of a target user. The electronic device determines that a preset normal emotion fluctuation condition is not satisfied according to the physiological characteristic parameter. In response to determining that the normal emotion fluctuation condition is not satisfied, a risk alert on a wealth management action of the target user performed in the wealth management application is output. | 1. A computer-implemented information alert method, comprising:
detecting a preset alert trigger event associated with a wealth management application operated on an electronic device; in response to detecting the preset alert trigger event, obtaining, by the electronic device, a physiological characteristic parameter characterizing an emotion of a target user; determining, by the electronic device, that a preset normal emotion fluctuation condition is not satisfied according to the physiological characteristic parameter; and in response to determining that the normal emotion fluctuation condition is not satisfied, outputting a risk alert on a wealth management action of the target user performed in the wealth management application. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the preset alert trigger event comprises at least one of:
receiving an instruction to start a wealth management application; receiving an instruction to display a page of a wealth management product; receiving an instruction to perform a wealth management action; a characteristic indicator of the wealth management product on a currently displayed wealth management product page is not within a preset indicator range, wherein the characteristic indicator comprises at least one of a rising rate, a falling rate, and a rate of return; and a risk type of a wealth management product on a currently displayed wealth management product page corresponds to a preset risk type. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electronic device is a smart terminal, and wherein obtaining the physiological characteristic parameter characterizing the emotion of the target user comprises:
obtaining the physiological characteristic parameter characterizing the emotion of the target user from a wearable device bound to the smart terminal. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the physiological characteristic parameter comprises at least one of:
heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure, palm humidity, brain waves, and a facial image. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein:
the physiological characteristic parameter comprises at least one of heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure, and palm humidity; the preset normal emotion fluctuation condition comprises the physiological characteristic parameter is within a normal parameter range; the normal parameter range is obtained based on an average value of a physiological characteristic parameter of a user in a specified period or the normal parameter range is obtained based on a physiological characteristic parameter of a user when performing a preset normal type of network action; and the user is the target user or a user related to the target user who is in the same age group, has the same gender, or is in the same region as the target user. 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the physiological characteristic parameter comprises brain waves, and wherein the preset normal emotion fluctuation condition comprises:
frequencies of the brain waves are within a preset normal frequency range and amplitudes of the brain waves are within a preset normal amplitude range. 7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the physiological characteristic parameter comprises a facial image, and wherein determining that the preset normal emotion fluctuation condition is not satisfied comprises:
obtaining a facial expression of the target user by performing expression recognition on the facial image; and determining that the facial expression is not a preset normal type expression. 8. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
detecting a preset alert trigger event associated with a wealth management application operated on an electronic device; in response to detecting the preset alert trigger event, obtaining, by the electronic device, a physiological characteristic parameter characterizing an emotion of a target user; determining, by the electronic device, that a preset normal emotion fluctuation condition is not satisfied according to the physiological characteristic parameter; and in response to determining that the normal emotion fluctuation condition is not satisfied, outputting a risk alert on a wealth management action of the target user performed in the wealth management application. 9. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the preset alert trigger event comprises at least one of:
receiving an instruction to start a wealth management application; receiving an instruction to display a page of a wealth management product; receiving an instruction to perform a wealth management action; a characteristic indicator of the wealth management product on a currently displayed wealth management product page is not within a preset indicator range, wherein the characteristic indicator comprises at least one of a rising rate, a falling rate, and a rate of return; and a risk type of a wealth management product on a currently displayed wealth management product page corresponds to a preset risk type. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the electronic device is a smart terminal, and wherein obtaining the physiological characteristic parameter characterizing the emotion of the target user comprises:
obtaining the physiological characteristic parameter characterizing the emotion of the target user from a wearable device bound to the smart terminal. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the physiological characteristic parameter comprises at least one of:
heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure, palm humidity, brain waves, and a facial image. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein:
the physiological characteristic parameter comprises at least one of heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure, and palm humidity; the preset normal emotion fluctuation condition comprises the physiological characteristic parameter is within a normal parameter range; the normal parameter range is obtained based on an average value of a physiological characteristic parameter of a user in a specified period or the normal parameter range is obtained based on a physiological characteristic parameter of a user when performing a preset normal type of network action; and the user is the target user or a user related to the target user who is in the same age group, has the same gender, or is in the same region as the target user. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein the physiological characteristic parameter comprises brain waves, and wherein the preset normal emotion fluctuation condition comprises:
frequencies of the brain waves are within a preset normal frequency range and amplitudes of the brain waves are within a preset normal amplitude range. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein the physiological characteristic parameter comprises a facial image, and wherein determining that the preset normal emotion fluctuation condition is not satisfied comprises:
obtaining a facial expression of the target user by performing expression recognition on the facial image; and determining that the facial expression is not a preset normal type expression. 15. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
detecting a preset alert trigger event associated with a wealth management application operated on an electronic device;
in response to detecting the preset alert trigger event, obtaining, by the electronic device, a physiological characteristic parameter characterizing an emotion of a target user;
determining, by the electronic device, that a preset normal emotion fluctuation condition is not satisfied according to the physiological characteristic parameter; and
in response to determining that the normal emotion fluctuation condition is not satisfied, outputting a risk alert on a wealth management action of the target user performed in the wealth management application. 16. The computer-implemented system according to claim 15, wherein the preset alert trigger event comprises at least one of:
receiving an instruction to start a wealth management application; receiving an instruction to display a page of a wealth management product; receiving an instruction to perform a wealth management action; a characteristic indicator of the wealth management product on a currently displayed wealth management product page is not within a preset indicator range, wherein the characteristic indicator comprises at least one of a rising rate, a falling rate, and a rate of return; and a risk type of a wealth management product on a currently displayed wealth management product page corresponds to a preset risk type. 17. The computer-implemented system according to claim 15, wherein the electronic device is a smart terminal, and wherein obtaining the physiological characteristic parameter characterizing the emotion of the target user comprises:
obtaining the physiological characteristic parameter characterizing the emotion of the target user from a wearable device bound to the smart terminal. 18. The computer-implemented system according to claim 15, wherein the physiological characteristic parameter comprises at least one of:
heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure, palm humidity, brain waves, and a facial image. 19. The computer-implemented system according to claim 18, wherein:
the physiological characteristic parameter comprises at least one of heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure, and palm humidity; the preset normal emotion fluctuation condition comprises the physiological characteristic parameter is within a normal parameter range; the normal parameter range is obtained based on an average value of a physiological characteristic parameter of a user in a specified period or the normal parameter range is obtained based on a physiological characteristic parameter of a user when performing a preset normal type of network action; and the user is the target user or a user related to the target user who is in the same age group, has the same gender, or is in the same region as the target user. 20. The computer-implemented system according to claim 18, wherein the physiological characteristic parameter comprises brain waves, and wherein the preset normal emotion fluctuation condition comprises:
frequencies of the brain waves are within a preset normal frequency range and amplitudes of the brain waves are within a preset normal amplitude range. | A preset alert trigger event associated with a wealth management application operated on an electronic device is detected. In response to detecting the preset alert trigger event, the electronic device obtains a physiological characteristic parameter characterizing an emotion of a target user. The electronic device determines that a preset normal emotion fluctuation condition is not satisfied according to the physiological characteristic parameter. In response to determining that the normal emotion fluctuation condition is not satisfied, a risk alert on a wealth management action of the target user performed in the wealth management application is output.1. A computer-implemented information alert method, comprising:
detecting a preset alert trigger event associated with a wealth management application operated on an electronic device; in response to detecting the preset alert trigger event, obtaining, by the electronic device, a physiological characteristic parameter characterizing an emotion of a target user; determining, by the electronic device, that a preset normal emotion fluctuation condition is not satisfied according to the physiological characteristic parameter; and in response to determining that the normal emotion fluctuation condition is not satisfied, outputting a risk alert on a wealth management action of the target user performed in the wealth management application. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the preset alert trigger event comprises at least one of:
receiving an instruction to start a wealth management application; receiving an instruction to display a page of a wealth management product; receiving an instruction to perform a wealth management action; a characteristic indicator of the wealth management product on a currently displayed wealth management product page is not within a preset indicator range, wherein the characteristic indicator comprises at least one of a rising rate, a falling rate, and a rate of return; and a risk type of a wealth management product on a currently displayed wealth management product page corresponds to a preset risk type. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electronic device is a smart terminal, and wherein obtaining the physiological characteristic parameter characterizing the emotion of the target user comprises:
obtaining the physiological characteristic parameter characterizing the emotion of the target user from a wearable device bound to the smart terminal. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the physiological characteristic parameter comprises at least one of:
heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure, palm humidity, brain waves, and a facial image. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein:
the physiological characteristic parameter comprises at least one of heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure, and palm humidity; the preset normal emotion fluctuation condition comprises the physiological characteristic parameter is within a normal parameter range; the normal parameter range is obtained based on an average value of a physiological characteristic parameter of a user in a specified period or the normal parameter range is obtained based on a physiological characteristic parameter of a user when performing a preset normal type of network action; and the user is the target user or a user related to the target user who is in the same age group, has the same gender, or is in the same region as the target user. 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the physiological characteristic parameter comprises brain waves, and wherein the preset normal emotion fluctuation condition comprises:
frequencies of the brain waves are within a preset normal frequency range and amplitudes of the brain waves are within a preset normal amplitude range. 7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the physiological characteristic parameter comprises a facial image, and wherein determining that the preset normal emotion fluctuation condition is not satisfied comprises:
obtaining a facial expression of the target user by performing expression recognition on the facial image; and determining that the facial expression is not a preset normal type expression. 8. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
detecting a preset alert trigger event associated with a wealth management application operated on an electronic device; in response to detecting the preset alert trigger event, obtaining, by the electronic device, a physiological characteristic parameter characterizing an emotion of a target user; determining, by the electronic device, that a preset normal emotion fluctuation condition is not satisfied according to the physiological characteristic parameter; and in response to determining that the normal emotion fluctuation condition is not satisfied, outputting a risk alert on a wealth management action of the target user performed in the wealth management application. 9. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the preset alert trigger event comprises at least one of:
receiving an instruction to start a wealth management application; receiving an instruction to display a page of a wealth management product; receiving an instruction to perform a wealth management action; a characteristic indicator of the wealth management product on a currently displayed wealth management product page is not within a preset indicator range, wherein the characteristic indicator comprises at least one of a rising rate, a falling rate, and a rate of return; and a risk type of a wealth management product on a currently displayed wealth management product page corresponds to a preset risk type. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the electronic device is a smart terminal, and wherein obtaining the physiological characteristic parameter characterizing the emotion of the target user comprises:
obtaining the physiological characteristic parameter characterizing the emotion of the target user from a wearable device bound to the smart terminal. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the physiological characteristic parameter comprises at least one of:
heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure, palm humidity, brain waves, and a facial image. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein:
the physiological characteristic parameter comprises at least one of heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure, and palm humidity; the preset normal emotion fluctuation condition comprises the physiological characteristic parameter is within a normal parameter range; the normal parameter range is obtained based on an average value of a physiological characteristic parameter of a user in a specified period or the normal parameter range is obtained based on a physiological characteristic parameter of a user when performing a preset normal type of network action; and the user is the target user or a user related to the target user who is in the same age group, has the same gender, or is in the same region as the target user. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein the physiological characteristic parameter comprises brain waves, and wherein the preset normal emotion fluctuation condition comprises:
frequencies of the brain waves are within a preset normal frequency range and amplitudes of the brain waves are within a preset normal amplitude range. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein the physiological characteristic parameter comprises a facial image, and wherein determining that the preset normal emotion fluctuation condition is not satisfied comprises:
obtaining a facial expression of the target user by performing expression recognition on the facial image; and determining that the facial expression is not a preset normal type expression. 15. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
detecting a preset alert trigger event associated with a wealth management application operated on an electronic device;
in response to detecting the preset alert trigger event, obtaining, by the electronic device, a physiological characteristic parameter characterizing an emotion of a target user;
determining, by the electronic device, that a preset normal emotion fluctuation condition is not satisfied according to the physiological characteristic parameter; and
in response to determining that the normal emotion fluctuation condition is not satisfied, outputting a risk alert on a wealth management action of the target user performed in the wealth management application. 16. The computer-implemented system according to claim 15, wherein the preset alert trigger event comprises at least one of:
receiving an instruction to start a wealth management application; receiving an instruction to display a page of a wealth management product; receiving an instruction to perform a wealth management action; a characteristic indicator of the wealth management product on a currently displayed wealth management product page is not within a preset indicator range, wherein the characteristic indicator comprises at least one of a rising rate, a falling rate, and a rate of return; and a risk type of a wealth management product on a currently displayed wealth management product page corresponds to a preset risk type. 17. The computer-implemented system according to claim 15, wherein the electronic device is a smart terminal, and wherein obtaining the physiological characteristic parameter characterizing the emotion of the target user comprises:
obtaining the physiological characteristic parameter characterizing the emotion of the target user from a wearable device bound to the smart terminal. 18. The computer-implemented system according to claim 15, wherein the physiological characteristic parameter comprises at least one of:
heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure, palm humidity, brain waves, and a facial image. 19. The computer-implemented system according to claim 18, wherein:
the physiological characteristic parameter comprises at least one of heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure, and palm humidity; the preset normal emotion fluctuation condition comprises the physiological characteristic parameter is within a normal parameter range; the normal parameter range is obtained based on an average value of a physiological characteristic parameter of a user in a specified period or the normal parameter range is obtained based on a physiological characteristic parameter of a user when performing a preset normal type of network action; and the user is the target user or a user related to the target user who is in the same age group, has the same gender, or is in the same region as the target user. 20. The computer-implemented system according to claim 18, wherein the physiological characteristic parameter comprises brain waves, and wherein the preset normal emotion fluctuation condition comprises:
frequencies of the brain waves are within a preset normal frequency range and amplitudes of the brain waves are within a preset normal amplitude range. | 2,800 |
349,227 | 16,806,755 | 2,862 | Apparatus and methods are disclosed, including an apparatus that includes a number of tiers of a first semiconductor material, each tier including at least one access line of at least one memory cell and at least one source, channel and/or drain of at least one peripheral transistor, such as one used in an access line decoder circuit or a data line multiplexing circuit. The apparatus can also include a number of pillars of a second semiconductor material extending through the tiers of the first semiconductor material, each pillar including either a source, channel and/or drain of at least one of the memory cells, or a gate of at least one of the peripheral transistors. Methods of forming such apparatus are also described, along with other embodiments. | 1. A memory structure, comprising:
multiple vertically arranged tiers comprising a first semiconductor material, and comprising an access line of a respective group of memory cells, each of such tiers also including at least one of a source, a channel, and a drain of a respective peripheral transistor; and multiple pillars of a second semiconductor material extending through the tiers comprising the first semiconductor material, a first pillar of the multiple pillars comprising at least one of a source, a channel and a drain of each of multiple memory cells, and a second pillar of the multiple pillars formed of a third semiconductor material and comprising a gate of at least one peripheral transistor. 2. The memory structure of claim 1, wherein each access line is coupled to one of the source and the drain of a respective peripheral transistor of the peripheral transistors. 3. The memory structure of claim 1, wherein:
the first semiconductor material comprises n-type polysilicon; and the second semiconductor material comprises p-type polysilicon. 4. The memory structure of claim 1, wherein each of the peripheral transistors comprises multiple gates. 5. The memory structure of claim 1, further comprising:
a slot through the multiple tiers comprising the first semiconductor material that separates a first portion of the tiers comprising the first semiconductor material that includes a first group of the memory cells from a second portion of the tiers comprising the first semiconductor material that includes a second group of the memory cells, wherein the first pillar is a U-shaped pillar extending through respective memory cells of the first and second groups. 6. The memory structure of claim 1, wherein each of the first semiconductor material and the second semiconductor material comprises polysilicon. 7. The memory structure of claim 1, wherein the memory cells form a memory array, and wherein the memory array and the access lines for the memory cells of the memory array are located in a first region, and wherein the respective multiple peripheral transistors are located in a second region. 8. The memory structure of claim 7, wherein the second region comprises multiple decoder blocks which comprise a respective peripheral transistor of the multiple peripheral transistors. 9. The memory structure of claim 8, wherein a first slot separates the first region of the multiple vertically arranged tiers of a first semiconductor material from the second region of the multiple vertically arranged tiers of the first semiconductor material. 10. The memory structure of claim 9, further comprising:
a slot through the multiple tiers comprising the first semiconductor material in the first region, wherein the slot separates a first portion of the multiple tiers comprising the first semiconductor material that includes a first group of the memory cells and a first group of access lines, from a second portion of the multiple tiers comprising the first semiconductor material that includes a second group of the memory cells and a second group of access lines. 11. The memory structure of claim 9, wherein the first group of access lines are coupled to a first decoder block; and wherein the second group of access lines are coupled to a second decoder block. 12. The memory structure of claim 9, wherein the access lines for the memory cells of the memory array extend for different lengths outside the array to form a staircase structure. 13. A memory structure, comprising:
multiple vertically disposed tiers, comprising, in a first region, the tiers formed of a first semiconductor material, each tier of the first semiconductor material comprising at least one of a source, a channel and a drain of a respective peripheral transistor; and in a second region, the tiers formed of metal, each tier of metal comprising an access line of respective memory cells within an array of memory cells, each portion of a tier formed of metal coupled to a respective portion of the tier formed of semiconductor material. 14. The memory structure of claim 13, further comprising multiple first pillars of a second semiconductor material extending through the tiers of metal of the second region, each of the first pillars comprising at least one of a source, a channel and a drain of at least one of the memory cells. 15. The memory structure of claim 13, further comprising multiple second pillars of a semiconductor material extending through the tiers of the first semiconductor material of the first region, each of the second pillars comprising a gate of at least one of the peripheral transistors. 16. The memory structure of claim 13, wherein:
the metal is selected from the group consisting of one or more of titanium nitride (TiN), tantalum (Ta), tantalum nitride (TaN), and Tungsten (W), in any combination; and the first semiconductor material comprises polysilicon. 17. The memory structure of claim 13, wherein the peripheral transistor associated with the respective tiers of the first semiconductor material comprises a respective decoder transistor at each of the conductive tiers of semiconductor material. 18. The memory structure of claim 13, further comprising a slot through the multiple tiers separating the first region of the tiers formed of the first semiconductor from the second region of the tiers formed of metal. 19. The memory structure of claim 13, wherein the multiple vertically disposed tiers in the second region formed of metal and forming access lines for the memory cells of the memory array extend for incrementally different distances beyond the array of memory cells, forming a staircase configuration of the access lines outside of the memory array. 20. The memory structure of claim 13, wherein a first slot separates the first region of the multiple vertically arranged tiers of a first semiconductor material from the second region of the multiple vertically arranged tiers formed of metal. 21. The memory structure of claim 13, further comprising:
a slot through the tiers of the first semiconductor material in the second region, wherein the slot separates a first portion of respective multiple tiers formed of metal that form access lines for a first group of the memory cells from a second portion of respective multiple tiers formed of metal that form access lines for a second group of the memory cells. | Apparatus and methods are disclosed, including an apparatus that includes a number of tiers of a first semiconductor material, each tier including at least one access line of at least one memory cell and at least one source, channel and/or drain of at least one peripheral transistor, such as one used in an access line decoder circuit or a data line multiplexing circuit. The apparatus can also include a number of pillars of a second semiconductor material extending through the tiers of the first semiconductor material, each pillar including either a source, channel and/or drain of at least one of the memory cells, or a gate of at least one of the peripheral transistors. Methods of forming such apparatus are also described, along with other embodiments.1. A memory structure, comprising:
multiple vertically arranged tiers comprising a first semiconductor material, and comprising an access line of a respective group of memory cells, each of such tiers also including at least one of a source, a channel, and a drain of a respective peripheral transistor; and multiple pillars of a second semiconductor material extending through the tiers comprising the first semiconductor material, a first pillar of the multiple pillars comprising at least one of a source, a channel and a drain of each of multiple memory cells, and a second pillar of the multiple pillars formed of a third semiconductor material and comprising a gate of at least one peripheral transistor. 2. The memory structure of claim 1, wherein each access line is coupled to one of the source and the drain of a respective peripheral transistor of the peripheral transistors. 3. The memory structure of claim 1, wherein:
the first semiconductor material comprises n-type polysilicon; and the second semiconductor material comprises p-type polysilicon. 4. The memory structure of claim 1, wherein each of the peripheral transistors comprises multiple gates. 5. The memory structure of claim 1, further comprising:
a slot through the multiple tiers comprising the first semiconductor material that separates a first portion of the tiers comprising the first semiconductor material that includes a first group of the memory cells from a second portion of the tiers comprising the first semiconductor material that includes a second group of the memory cells, wherein the first pillar is a U-shaped pillar extending through respective memory cells of the first and second groups. 6. The memory structure of claim 1, wherein each of the first semiconductor material and the second semiconductor material comprises polysilicon. 7. The memory structure of claim 1, wherein the memory cells form a memory array, and wherein the memory array and the access lines for the memory cells of the memory array are located in a first region, and wherein the respective multiple peripheral transistors are located in a second region. 8. The memory structure of claim 7, wherein the second region comprises multiple decoder blocks which comprise a respective peripheral transistor of the multiple peripheral transistors. 9. The memory structure of claim 8, wherein a first slot separates the first region of the multiple vertically arranged tiers of a first semiconductor material from the second region of the multiple vertically arranged tiers of the first semiconductor material. 10. The memory structure of claim 9, further comprising:
a slot through the multiple tiers comprising the first semiconductor material in the first region, wherein the slot separates a first portion of the multiple tiers comprising the first semiconductor material that includes a first group of the memory cells and a first group of access lines, from a second portion of the multiple tiers comprising the first semiconductor material that includes a second group of the memory cells and a second group of access lines. 11. The memory structure of claim 9, wherein the first group of access lines are coupled to a first decoder block; and wherein the second group of access lines are coupled to a second decoder block. 12. The memory structure of claim 9, wherein the access lines for the memory cells of the memory array extend for different lengths outside the array to form a staircase structure. 13. A memory structure, comprising:
multiple vertically disposed tiers, comprising, in a first region, the tiers formed of a first semiconductor material, each tier of the first semiconductor material comprising at least one of a source, a channel and a drain of a respective peripheral transistor; and in a second region, the tiers formed of metal, each tier of metal comprising an access line of respective memory cells within an array of memory cells, each portion of a tier formed of metal coupled to a respective portion of the tier formed of semiconductor material. 14. The memory structure of claim 13, further comprising multiple first pillars of a second semiconductor material extending through the tiers of metal of the second region, each of the first pillars comprising at least one of a source, a channel and a drain of at least one of the memory cells. 15. The memory structure of claim 13, further comprising multiple second pillars of a semiconductor material extending through the tiers of the first semiconductor material of the first region, each of the second pillars comprising a gate of at least one of the peripheral transistors. 16. The memory structure of claim 13, wherein:
the metal is selected from the group consisting of one or more of titanium nitride (TiN), tantalum (Ta), tantalum nitride (TaN), and Tungsten (W), in any combination; and the first semiconductor material comprises polysilicon. 17. The memory structure of claim 13, wherein the peripheral transistor associated with the respective tiers of the first semiconductor material comprises a respective decoder transistor at each of the conductive tiers of semiconductor material. 18. The memory structure of claim 13, further comprising a slot through the multiple tiers separating the first region of the tiers formed of the first semiconductor from the second region of the tiers formed of metal. 19. The memory structure of claim 13, wherein the multiple vertically disposed tiers in the second region formed of metal and forming access lines for the memory cells of the memory array extend for incrementally different distances beyond the array of memory cells, forming a staircase configuration of the access lines outside of the memory array. 20. The memory structure of claim 13, wherein a first slot separates the first region of the multiple vertically arranged tiers of a first semiconductor material from the second region of the multiple vertically arranged tiers formed of metal. 21. The memory structure of claim 13, further comprising:
a slot through the tiers of the first semiconductor material in the second region, wherein the slot separates a first portion of respective multiple tiers formed of metal that form access lines for a first group of the memory cells from a second portion of respective multiple tiers formed of metal that form access lines for a second group of the memory cells. | 2,800 |
349,228 | 16,806,781 | 2,862 | A credit-based claim settlement implementing method comprises receiving a claim settlement request from a user terminal of a user. In response to receiving the claim settlement request, the method further comprises: determining credit information of the user; when the credit information of the user satisfies a credit constraint condition, prompting the user to upload images of claim settlement materials from the user terminal; detecting, using a living body detection technology, whether uploading the images of claim settlement materials is performed by uploading a photograph taken in real time from the user terminal; in response to detecting that uploading the images of claim settlement materials is performed by uploading a photograph taken in real time from the user terminal, determining whether the claim settlement materials are authentic; and in response to determining that the claim settlement materials are authentic, determining a claim settlement amount based on the claim settlement materials. | 1. A credit-based claim settlement implementing method, comprising:
receiving a claim settlement request from a user terminal of a user; in response to receiving the claim settlement request, determining credit information of the user; when the credit information of the user satisfies a credit constraint condition, prompting the user to upload images of claim settlement materials from the user terminal; detecting, using a living body detection technology, whether uploading the images of claim settlement materials is performed by uploading a photograph taken in real time from the user terminal; in response to detecting that uploading the images of claim settlement materials is performed by uploading a photograph taken in real time from the user terminal, determining whether the claim settlement materials are authentic; and in response to determining that the claim settlement materials are authentic, determining a claim settlement amount based on the claim settlement materials. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining credit information of the user comprises:
authenticating an identity of the user; and in response to the identity of the user being authenticated, determining the credit information of the user. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the claim settlement materials include a payment invoice, the determining whether the claim settlement materials are authentic comprises:
identifying invoice information of the payment invoice using an artificial intelligence technology; and determining whether the payment invoice is authentic according to the invoice information. 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
when the claim settlement amount does not exceed a self-service claim settlement limit, initiating transfer of fund in the claim settlement amount to the user. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
negatively updating the credit information of the user if the claim settlement materials are determined unauthentic. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the prompting the user to upload images of claim settlement materials from the user terminal comprises:
sending the user a message for uploading the images of claim settlement materials; receiving a confirmation of the message from the user; and acquiring the images of claim settlement materials obtained with a camera of the user terminal. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining credit information of the user comprises:
determining the credit information of the user according to at least asset information, claim settlement frequencies, or a credit history of the user. 8. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, comprising at least a computer instruction stored in a memory and executed by a processor, to cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving a claim settlement request from a user terminal of a user; in response to receiving the claim settlement request, determining credit information of the user; when the credit information of the user satisfies a credit constraint condition, prompting the user to upload images of claim settlement materials from the user terminal; detecting, using a living body detection technology, whether uploading the images of claim settlement materials is performed by uploading a photograph taken in real time from the user terminal; in response to detecting that uploading the images of claim settlement materials is performed by uploading a photograph taken in real time from the user terminal, determining whether the claim settlement materials are authentic; and in response to determining that the claim settlement materials are authentic, determining a claim settlement amount based on the claim settlement materials. 9. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise:
authenticating an identity of the user; and in response to the identity of the user being authenticated, determining the credit information of the user. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 9, wherein the operations further comprise:
when the claim settlement materials comprise a payment invoice, identifying invoice information of the payment invoice using an artificial intelligence technology; and determining whether the payment invoice is authentic according to the invoice information. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise:
when the claim settlement amount does not exceed a self-service claim settlement limit, initiating transfer of fund in the claim settlement amount to the user. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise:
negatively updating the credit information of the user if the claim settlement materials are determined unauthentic. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise:
sending the user a message for uploading the images of claim settlement materials; receiving a confirmation of the message from the user; and acquiring the images of claim settlement materials obtained with a camera of the user terminal. 14. A credit-based claim settlement implementing device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory storing machine-executable instructions, wherein the instructions are executable to cause the processor to perform operations including: receiving a claim settlement request from a user terminal of a user; in response to receiving the claim settlement request, determining credit information of the user; when the credit information of the user satisfies a credit constraint condition, prompting the user to upload images of claim settlement materials from the user terminal; detecting, using a living body detection technology, whether uploading the images of claim settlement materials is performed by uploading a photograph taken in real time from the user terminal; in response to detecting that uploading the images of claim settlement materials is performed by uploading a photograph taken in real time from the user terminal, determining whether the claim settlement materials are authentic; and in response to determining that the claim settlement materials are authentic, determining a claim settlement amount based on the claim settlement materials. 15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise:
authenticating an identity of the user; and in response to the identity of the user being authenticated, determining the credit information of the user. 16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
when the claim settlement materials comprise a payment invoice, identifying invoice information of the payment invoice using an artificial intelligence technology; and determining whether the payment invoice is authentic according to the invoice information. 17. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise:
when the claim settlement amount does not exceed a self-service claim settlement limit, initiating transfer of fund in the claim settlement amount to the user. 18. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise:
negatively updating the credit information of the user if the claim settlement materials are determined unauthentic. 19. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise:
sending the user a message for uploading the images of claim settlement materials; receiving a confirmation of the message from the user; and acquiring the images of claim settlement materials obtained with a camera of the user terminal. 20. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining the credit information of the user according to at least asset information, claim settlement frequencies, or a credit history of the user. | A credit-based claim settlement implementing method comprises receiving a claim settlement request from a user terminal of a user. In response to receiving the claim settlement request, the method further comprises: determining credit information of the user; when the credit information of the user satisfies a credit constraint condition, prompting the user to upload images of claim settlement materials from the user terminal; detecting, using a living body detection technology, whether uploading the images of claim settlement materials is performed by uploading a photograph taken in real time from the user terminal; in response to detecting that uploading the images of claim settlement materials is performed by uploading a photograph taken in real time from the user terminal, determining whether the claim settlement materials are authentic; and in response to determining that the claim settlement materials are authentic, determining a claim settlement amount based on the claim settlement materials.1. A credit-based claim settlement implementing method, comprising:
receiving a claim settlement request from a user terminal of a user; in response to receiving the claim settlement request, determining credit information of the user; when the credit information of the user satisfies a credit constraint condition, prompting the user to upload images of claim settlement materials from the user terminal; detecting, using a living body detection technology, whether uploading the images of claim settlement materials is performed by uploading a photograph taken in real time from the user terminal; in response to detecting that uploading the images of claim settlement materials is performed by uploading a photograph taken in real time from the user terminal, determining whether the claim settlement materials are authentic; and in response to determining that the claim settlement materials are authentic, determining a claim settlement amount based on the claim settlement materials. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining credit information of the user comprises:
authenticating an identity of the user; and in response to the identity of the user being authenticated, determining the credit information of the user. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the claim settlement materials include a payment invoice, the determining whether the claim settlement materials are authentic comprises:
identifying invoice information of the payment invoice using an artificial intelligence technology; and determining whether the payment invoice is authentic according to the invoice information. 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
when the claim settlement amount does not exceed a self-service claim settlement limit, initiating transfer of fund in the claim settlement amount to the user. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
negatively updating the credit information of the user if the claim settlement materials are determined unauthentic. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the prompting the user to upload images of claim settlement materials from the user terminal comprises:
sending the user a message for uploading the images of claim settlement materials; receiving a confirmation of the message from the user; and acquiring the images of claim settlement materials obtained with a camera of the user terminal. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining credit information of the user comprises:
determining the credit information of the user according to at least asset information, claim settlement frequencies, or a credit history of the user. 8. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, comprising at least a computer instruction stored in a memory and executed by a processor, to cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving a claim settlement request from a user terminal of a user; in response to receiving the claim settlement request, determining credit information of the user; when the credit information of the user satisfies a credit constraint condition, prompting the user to upload images of claim settlement materials from the user terminal; detecting, using a living body detection technology, whether uploading the images of claim settlement materials is performed by uploading a photograph taken in real time from the user terminal; in response to detecting that uploading the images of claim settlement materials is performed by uploading a photograph taken in real time from the user terminal, determining whether the claim settlement materials are authentic; and in response to determining that the claim settlement materials are authentic, determining a claim settlement amount based on the claim settlement materials. 9. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise:
authenticating an identity of the user; and in response to the identity of the user being authenticated, determining the credit information of the user. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 9, wherein the operations further comprise:
when the claim settlement materials comprise a payment invoice, identifying invoice information of the payment invoice using an artificial intelligence technology; and determining whether the payment invoice is authentic according to the invoice information. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise:
when the claim settlement amount does not exceed a self-service claim settlement limit, initiating transfer of fund in the claim settlement amount to the user. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise:
negatively updating the credit information of the user if the claim settlement materials are determined unauthentic. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise:
sending the user a message for uploading the images of claim settlement materials; receiving a confirmation of the message from the user; and acquiring the images of claim settlement materials obtained with a camera of the user terminal. 14. A credit-based claim settlement implementing device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory storing machine-executable instructions, wherein the instructions are executable to cause the processor to perform operations including: receiving a claim settlement request from a user terminal of a user; in response to receiving the claim settlement request, determining credit information of the user; when the credit information of the user satisfies a credit constraint condition, prompting the user to upload images of claim settlement materials from the user terminal; detecting, using a living body detection technology, whether uploading the images of claim settlement materials is performed by uploading a photograph taken in real time from the user terminal; in response to detecting that uploading the images of claim settlement materials is performed by uploading a photograph taken in real time from the user terminal, determining whether the claim settlement materials are authentic; and in response to determining that the claim settlement materials are authentic, determining a claim settlement amount based on the claim settlement materials. 15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise:
authenticating an identity of the user; and in response to the identity of the user being authenticated, determining the credit information of the user. 16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
when the claim settlement materials comprise a payment invoice, identifying invoice information of the payment invoice using an artificial intelligence technology; and determining whether the payment invoice is authentic according to the invoice information. 17. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise:
when the claim settlement amount does not exceed a self-service claim settlement limit, initiating transfer of fund in the claim settlement amount to the user. 18. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise:
negatively updating the credit information of the user if the claim settlement materials are determined unauthentic. 19. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise:
sending the user a message for uploading the images of claim settlement materials; receiving a confirmation of the message from the user; and acquiring the images of claim settlement materials obtained with a camera of the user terminal. 20. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining the credit information of the user according to at least asset information, claim settlement frequencies, or a credit history of the user. | 2,800 |
349,229 | 16,806,770 | 2,862 | The present invention provides methods for obtaining purified rapamycin derivatives, including purified Biolimus A9. A crystalline form of Biolimus A9 is also described. | 1. A method for obtaining a purified, solid compound having a structure according to Formula I: 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the non-polar organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of hexane, heptane, methyl t-butyl ether, ligroin, octane, cyclohexane, and mixtures thereof. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the non-polar organic solvent is hexane. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the non-polar organic solvent is heptane. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein forming the mixture in step a) comprises heating the mixture. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein forming the mixture in step a) comprises heating the mixture to a temperature of from about 35Β° C. to about 100Β° C. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein forming the mixture in step a) comprises heating the mixture to reflux. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein solidifying a portion of the compound in step b) comprises cooling the mixture. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein cooling the mixture in step b) comprises cooling the mixture to a temperature of from about β78Β° C. to about 25Β° C. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein cooling the mixture in step b) comprises cooling the mixture to a temperature of about 15Β° C. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the purified, solid compound is obtained in a crystalline form. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the purified, solid compound is obtained in an amorphous form. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
d) solubilizing the solidified compound in a polar organic solvent to form a solution; e) contacting the solution with water to precipitate at least a portion of the compound; and f) drying the precipitated compound. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the polar organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, t-butanol, tetrahydrofuran, and acetone. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the polar organic solvent is methanol. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the drying is conducted under reduced pressure. 17-28. (canceled) 29. A crystalline form of 40-O-(2-ethoxyethyl) rapamycin. 30. The crystalline form of claim 29, wherein the X-ray powder diffraction pattern thereof shows one or more diffraction peaks at or around the angles (20) selected from the group consisting of 5.00Β°, 7.06Β°, 9.22Β°, 10.07Β°, 10.50Β°, 11.94Β°, 12.71Β°, 13.15Β°, 14.73Β°, 16.33Β°, 16.80Β°, 17.07Β°, 18.01Β°, 18.57Β°, 19.42Β°, 19.81Β°, 20.16Β°, 20.44Β°, 20.93Β°, 21.55Β°, 22.29Β°, 22.58Β°, 23.92Β°, 24.26Β°, 24.83Β°, 25.17Β°, 26.32Β°, 27.48Β°, 28.60Β°, and 32.28Β°. 31. The crystalline form of claim 29, wherein the X-ray powder diffraction pattern thereof shows 10 or more diffraction peaks at or around the angles (20) selected from the group consisting of 5.00Β°, 7.06Β°, 9.22Β°, 10.07Β°, 10.50Β°, 11.94Β°, 12.71Β°, 13.15Β°, 14.73Β°, 16.33Β°, 16.80Β°, 17.07Β°, 18.01Β°, 18.57Β°, 19.42Β°, 19.81Β°, 20.16Β°, 20.44Β°, 20.93Β°, 21.55Β°, 22.29Β°, 22.58Β°, 23.92Β°, 24.26Β°, 24.83Β°, 25.17Β°, 26.32Β°, 27.48Β°, 28.60Β°, and 32.28Β°. 32. The crystalline form of claim 29, wherein the X-ray powder diffraction pattern thereof shows 25 or more diffraction peaks at or around the angles (20) selected from the group consisting of 5.00Β°, 7.06Β°, 9.22Β°, 10.07Β°, 10.50Β°, 11.94Β°, 12.71Β°, 13.15Β°, 14.73Β°, 16.33Β°, 16.800, 17.07Β°, 18.010, 18.57Β°, 19.42Β°, 19.81Β°, 20.16Β°, 20.44Β°, 20.93Β°, 21.55Β°, 22.29Β°, 22.58Β°, 23.92Β°, 24.26Β°, 24.83Β°, 25.17Β°, 26.32Β°, 27.48Β°, 28.60Β°, and 32.28Β°. | The present invention provides methods for obtaining purified rapamycin derivatives, including purified Biolimus A9. A crystalline form of Biolimus A9 is also described.1. A method for obtaining a purified, solid compound having a structure according to Formula I: 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the non-polar organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of hexane, heptane, methyl t-butyl ether, ligroin, octane, cyclohexane, and mixtures thereof. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the non-polar organic solvent is hexane. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the non-polar organic solvent is heptane. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein forming the mixture in step a) comprises heating the mixture. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein forming the mixture in step a) comprises heating the mixture to a temperature of from about 35Β° C. to about 100Β° C. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein forming the mixture in step a) comprises heating the mixture to reflux. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein solidifying a portion of the compound in step b) comprises cooling the mixture. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein cooling the mixture in step b) comprises cooling the mixture to a temperature of from about β78Β° C. to about 25Β° C. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein cooling the mixture in step b) comprises cooling the mixture to a temperature of about 15Β° C. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the purified, solid compound is obtained in a crystalline form. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the purified, solid compound is obtained in an amorphous form. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
d) solubilizing the solidified compound in a polar organic solvent to form a solution; e) contacting the solution with water to precipitate at least a portion of the compound; and f) drying the precipitated compound. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the polar organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, t-butanol, tetrahydrofuran, and acetone. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the polar organic solvent is methanol. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the drying is conducted under reduced pressure. 17-28. (canceled) 29. A crystalline form of 40-O-(2-ethoxyethyl) rapamycin. 30. The crystalline form of claim 29, wherein the X-ray powder diffraction pattern thereof shows one or more diffraction peaks at or around the angles (20) selected from the group consisting of 5.00Β°, 7.06Β°, 9.22Β°, 10.07Β°, 10.50Β°, 11.94Β°, 12.71Β°, 13.15Β°, 14.73Β°, 16.33Β°, 16.80Β°, 17.07Β°, 18.01Β°, 18.57Β°, 19.42Β°, 19.81Β°, 20.16Β°, 20.44Β°, 20.93Β°, 21.55Β°, 22.29Β°, 22.58Β°, 23.92Β°, 24.26Β°, 24.83Β°, 25.17Β°, 26.32Β°, 27.48Β°, 28.60Β°, and 32.28Β°. 31. The crystalline form of claim 29, wherein the X-ray powder diffraction pattern thereof shows 10 or more diffraction peaks at or around the angles (20) selected from the group consisting of 5.00Β°, 7.06Β°, 9.22Β°, 10.07Β°, 10.50Β°, 11.94Β°, 12.71Β°, 13.15Β°, 14.73Β°, 16.33Β°, 16.80Β°, 17.07Β°, 18.01Β°, 18.57Β°, 19.42Β°, 19.81Β°, 20.16Β°, 20.44Β°, 20.93Β°, 21.55Β°, 22.29Β°, 22.58Β°, 23.92Β°, 24.26Β°, 24.83Β°, 25.17Β°, 26.32Β°, 27.48Β°, 28.60Β°, and 32.28Β°. 32. The crystalline form of claim 29, wherein the X-ray powder diffraction pattern thereof shows 25 or more diffraction peaks at or around the angles (20) selected from the group consisting of 5.00Β°, 7.06Β°, 9.22Β°, 10.07Β°, 10.50Β°, 11.94Β°, 12.71Β°, 13.15Β°, 14.73Β°, 16.33Β°, 16.800, 17.07Β°, 18.010, 18.57Β°, 19.42Β°, 19.81Β°, 20.16Β°, 20.44Β°, 20.93Β°, 21.55Β°, 22.29Β°, 22.58Β°, 23.92Β°, 24.26Β°, 24.83Β°, 25.17Β°, 26.32Β°, 27.48Β°, 28.60Β°, and 32.28Β°. | 2,800 |
349,230 | 16,806,747 | 2,862 | Example techniques relate to voice interaction in an environment with a media playback system that is playing back audio content. In an example implementation, while playing back first audio in a given environment at a given loudness: a playback device (a) detects that an event is anticipated in the given environment, the event involving playback of second audio and (b) determines a loudness of background noise in the given environment, the background noise comprising ambient noise in the given environment. The playback device ducks the first audio in proportion to a difference between the given loudness of the first audio and the determined loudness of the background noise and plays back the ducked first audio concurrently with the second audio. | 1. A playback device comprising:
a network interface; one or more microphones; an audio stage comprising an amplifier; one or more speakers; one or more processors; a housing, the housing carrying at least the network interface, the one or more microphones, the audio stage, the one or more speakers, the one or more processors, and data storage having stored therein instructions executable by the one or more processors to cause the playback device to perform functions comprising: while playing back first audio in a given environment at a given loudness via the audio stage and the one or more speakers:
(a) recording, via the one or more microphones, audio into a buffer;
(b) detecting, within the recorded audio, a wake word to invoke a voice assistant;
(c) in response to detecting the wake word: (i) ducking the first audio while recording, into the buffer, audio representing a voice input to the voice assistant and (ii) sending, to the voice assistant, the recorded audio in the buffer representing the voice input to the voice assistant;
(d) receiving, from the voice assistant in response to the voice input, second audio representing a spoken response to the voice input; and
in response to receiving the second audio representing the spoken response to the voice input, ducking the first audio while playing back the ducked first audio concurrently with the second audio representing the spoken response to the voice input via the audio stage and the one or more speakers. 2. The playback device of claim 1, wherein ducking the first audio while recording audio representing the voice input to the voice assistant comprises ducking the first audio to a first volume level, and wherein ducking the first audio while playing back the ducked first audio concurrently with the second audio representing the spoken response to the voice input comprises ducking the first audio to a second volume level that is different from the first volume level. 3. The playback device of claim 2, wherein the functions further comprise determining a loudness of background noise in the given environment, and wherein ducking the first audio to the second volume level that is different from the first volume level comprises ducking the first audio to a particular volume level that is based on the loudness of background noise in the given environment. 4. The playback device of claim 3, wherein ducking the first audio to the particular volume level that is based on the loudness of background noise in the given environment comprises ducking the first audio in proportion to a difference between the given loudness of the first audio and the determined loudness of the background noise. 5. The playback device of claim 3, wherein playing back the ducked first audio concurrently with the second audio comprises:
determining that a difference between a loudness of the ducked first audio and a given dynamic range is (a) less than the determined loudness of the background noise or (b) greater than the determined loudness of the background noise; when the determined difference between the loudness of the ducked first audio and the given dynamic range is less than the determined loudness of the background noise, compressing the first audio to a dynamic range that is louder than the determined loudness of the background noise and playing back the compressed first audio; and when the determined difference between the loudness of the ducked first audio and the given dynamic range is greater than the determined loudness of the background noise, playing back the first audio without compression. 6. The playback device of claim 3, wherein determining the loudness of background noise in the given environment comprises measuring the loudness of the background noise in the given environment via one or more microphones. 7. The playback device of claim 6, wherein at least one of the one or more microphones is housed in a networked microphone device that is distinct from the playback device, and wherein measuring the loudness of the background noise in the given environment via one or more microphones comprises causing the networked microphone device to measure the loudness of the background noise in the given environment. 8. The playback device of claim 7, wherein measuring the loudness of the background noise in the given environment comprises offsetting the first audio being played back by the playback device from the measurement of the background noise in the given environment. 9. The playback device of claim 1, wherein playing back the ducked first audio concurrently with the second audio comprises:
detecting that a signal-to-noise ratio within the given environment is below a voice input threshold; and responsively, filtering the first audio, wherein filtering the first audio comprises cutting the first audio in a frequency range corresponding to human speech. 10. The playback device of claim 9, wherein filtering the first audio further comprises boosting the first audio outside the frequency range corresponding to human speech. 11. The playback device of claim 1, wherein the playback device is a first playback device of a group of playback device that includes one or more second playback devices, and wherein playing back the ducked first audio concurrently with the second audio comprises playing back the ducked first audio concurrently with the second audio in synchrony with the one or more second playback devices. 12. The playback device of claim 1, wherein the functions further comprise detecting that the spoken response to the voice input has been played back, and wherein ducking the first audio comprises ducking the first audio until the spoken response to the voice input has been played back. 13. The playback device of claim 1, wherein sending, to the voice assistant, the recorded audio in the buffer representing the voice input to the voice assistant comprises sending, to one or more servers associated with the voice assistant, the recorded audio in the buffer representing the voice input to the voice assistant. 14. A method to be performed by a playback device, the method comprising:
while playing back first audio in a given environment at a given loudness via an audio stage and one or more speakers:
(a) recording, via one or more microphones, audio into a buffer;
(b) detecting, within the recorded audio, a wake word to invoke a voice assistant;
(c) in response to detecting the wake word: (i) ducking the first audio while recording, into the buffer, audio representing a voice input to the voice assistant and (ii) sending, to the voice assistant, the recorded audio in the buffer representing the voice input to the voice assistant;
(d) receiving, from the voice assistant in response to the voice input, second audio representing a spoken response to the voice input; and
in response to receiving the second audio representing the spoken response to the voice input, ducking the first audio while playing back the ducked first audio concurrently with the second audio representing the spoken response to the voice input via the audio stage and the one or more speakers. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein ducking the first audio while recording audio representing the voice input to the voice assistant comprises ducking the first audio to a first volume level, and wherein ducking the first audio while playing back the ducked first audio concurrently with the second audio representing the spoken response to the voice input comprises ducking the first audio to a second volume level that is different from the first volume level. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
determining a loudness of background noise in the given environment, and wherein ducking the first audio to the second volume level that is different from the first volume level comprises ducking the first audio to a particular volume level that is based on the loudness of background noise in the given environment. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein ducking the first audio to the particular volume level that is based on the loudness of background noise in the given environment comprises ducking the first audio in proportion to a difference between the given loudness of the first audio and the determined loudness of the background noise. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein playing back the ducked first audio concurrently with the second audio comprises:
determining that a difference between a loudness of the ducked first audio and a given dynamic range is (a) less than the determined loudness of the background noise or (b) greater than the determined loudness of the background noise; when the determined difference between the loudness of the ducked first audio and the given dynamic range is less than the determined loudness of the background noise, compressing the first audio to a dynamic range that is louder than the determined loudness of the background noise and playing back the compressed first audio; and when the determined difference between the loudness of the ducked first audio and the given dynamic range is greater than the determined loudness of the background noise, playing back the first audio without compression. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein sending, to the voice assistant, the recorded audio in the buffer representing the voice input to the voice assistant comprises sending, to one or more servers associated with the voice assistant, the recorded audio in the buffer representing the voice input to the voice assistant. 20. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions, that when executed by one or more processors of a playback device, cause the playback device to perform functions comprising:
while playing back first audio in a given environment at a given loudness via an audio stage and one or more speakers:
(a) recording, via one or more microphones, audio into a buffer;
(b) detecting, within the recorded audio, a wake word to invoke a voice assistant;
(c) in response to detecting the wake word: (i) ducking the first audio while recording, into the buffer, audio representing a voice input to the voice assistant and (ii) sending, to the voice assistant, the recorded audio in the buffer representing the voice input to the voice assistant;
(d) receiving, from the voice assistant in response to the voice input, second audio representing a spoken response to the voice input; and
in response to receiving the second audio representing the spoken response to the voice input, ducking the first audio while playing back the ducked first audio concurrently with the second audio representing the spoken response to the voice input via the audio stage and the one or more speakers. | Example techniques relate to voice interaction in an environment with a media playback system that is playing back audio content. In an example implementation, while playing back first audio in a given environment at a given loudness: a playback device (a) detects that an event is anticipated in the given environment, the event involving playback of second audio and (b) determines a loudness of background noise in the given environment, the background noise comprising ambient noise in the given environment. The playback device ducks the first audio in proportion to a difference between the given loudness of the first audio and the determined loudness of the background noise and plays back the ducked first audio concurrently with the second audio.1. A playback device comprising:
a network interface; one or more microphones; an audio stage comprising an amplifier; one or more speakers; one or more processors; a housing, the housing carrying at least the network interface, the one or more microphones, the audio stage, the one or more speakers, the one or more processors, and data storage having stored therein instructions executable by the one or more processors to cause the playback device to perform functions comprising: while playing back first audio in a given environment at a given loudness via the audio stage and the one or more speakers:
(a) recording, via the one or more microphones, audio into a buffer;
(b) detecting, within the recorded audio, a wake word to invoke a voice assistant;
(c) in response to detecting the wake word: (i) ducking the first audio while recording, into the buffer, audio representing a voice input to the voice assistant and (ii) sending, to the voice assistant, the recorded audio in the buffer representing the voice input to the voice assistant;
(d) receiving, from the voice assistant in response to the voice input, second audio representing a spoken response to the voice input; and
in response to receiving the second audio representing the spoken response to the voice input, ducking the first audio while playing back the ducked first audio concurrently with the second audio representing the spoken response to the voice input via the audio stage and the one or more speakers. 2. The playback device of claim 1, wherein ducking the first audio while recording audio representing the voice input to the voice assistant comprises ducking the first audio to a first volume level, and wherein ducking the first audio while playing back the ducked first audio concurrently with the second audio representing the spoken response to the voice input comprises ducking the first audio to a second volume level that is different from the first volume level. 3. The playback device of claim 2, wherein the functions further comprise determining a loudness of background noise in the given environment, and wherein ducking the first audio to the second volume level that is different from the first volume level comprises ducking the first audio to a particular volume level that is based on the loudness of background noise in the given environment. 4. The playback device of claim 3, wherein ducking the first audio to the particular volume level that is based on the loudness of background noise in the given environment comprises ducking the first audio in proportion to a difference between the given loudness of the first audio and the determined loudness of the background noise. 5. The playback device of claim 3, wherein playing back the ducked first audio concurrently with the second audio comprises:
determining that a difference between a loudness of the ducked first audio and a given dynamic range is (a) less than the determined loudness of the background noise or (b) greater than the determined loudness of the background noise; when the determined difference between the loudness of the ducked first audio and the given dynamic range is less than the determined loudness of the background noise, compressing the first audio to a dynamic range that is louder than the determined loudness of the background noise and playing back the compressed first audio; and when the determined difference between the loudness of the ducked first audio and the given dynamic range is greater than the determined loudness of the background noise, playing back the first audio without compression. 6. The playback device of claim 3, wherein determining the loudness of background noise in the given environment comprises measuring the loudness of the background noise in the given environment via one or more microphones. 7. The playback device of claim 6, wherein at least one of the one or more microphones is housed in a networked microphone device that is distinct from the playback device, and wherein measuring the loudness of the background noise in the given environment via one or more microphones comprises causing the networked microphone device to measure the loudness of the background noise in the given environment. 8. The playback device of claim 7, wherein measuring the loudness of the background noise in the given environment comprises offsetting the first audio being played back by the playback device from the measurement of the background noise in the given environment. 9. The playback device of claim 1, wherein playing back the ducked first audio concurrently with the second audio comprises:
detecting that a signal-to-noise ratio within the given environment is below a voice input threshold; and responsively, filtering the first audio, wherein filtering the first audio comprises cutting the first audio in a frequency range corresponding to human speech. 10. The playback device of claim 9, wherein filtering the first audio further comprises boosting the first audio outside the frequency range corresponding to human speech. 11. The playback device of claim 1, wherein the playback device is a first playback device of a group of playback device that includes one or more second playback devices, and wherein playing back the ducked first audio concurrently with the second audio comprises playing back the ducked first audio concurrently with the second audio in synchrony with the one or more second playback devices. 12. The playback device of claim 1, wherein the functions further comprise detecting that the spoken response to the voice input has been played back, and wherein ducking the first audio comprises ducking the first audio until the spoken response to the voice input has been played back. 13. The playback device of claim 1, wherein sending, to the voice assistant, the recorded audio in the buffer representing the voice input to the voice assistant comprises sending, to one or more servers associated with the voice assistant, the recorded audio in the buffer representing the voice input to the voice assistant. 14. A method to be performed by a playback device, the method comprising:
while playing back first audio in a given environment at a given loudness via an audio stage and one or more speakers:
(a) recording, via one or more microphones, audio into a buffer;
(b) detecting, within the recorded audio, a wake word to invoke a voice assistant;
(c) in response to detecting the wake word: (i) ducking the first audio while recording, into the buffer, audio representing a voice input to the voice assistant and (ii) sending, to the voice assistant, the recorded audio in the buffer representing the voice input to the voice assistant;
(d) receiving, from the voice assistant in response to the voice input, second audio representing a spoken response to the voice input; and
in response to receiving the second audio representing the spoken response to the voice input, ducking the first audio while playing back the ducked first audio concurrently with the second audio representing the spoken response to the voice input via the audio stage and the one or more speakers. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein ducking the first audio while recording audio representing the voice input to the voice assistant comprises ducking the first audio to a first volume level, and wherein ducking the first audio while playing back the ducked first audio concurrently with the second audio representing the spoken response to the voice input comprises ducking the first audio to a second volume level that is different from the first volume level. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
determining a loudness of background noise in the given environment, and wherein ducking the first audio to the second volume level that is different from the first volume level comprises ducking the first audio to a particular volume level that is based on the loudness of background noise in the given environment. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein ducking the first audio to the particular volume level that is based on the loudness of background noise in the given environment comprises ducking the first audio in proportion to a difference between the given loudness of the first audio and the determined loudness of the background noise. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein playing back the ducked first audio concurrently with the second audio comprises:
determining that a difference between a loudness of the ducked first audio and a given dynamic range is (a) less than the determined loudness of the background noise or (b) greater than the determined loudness of the background noise; when the determined difference between the loudness of the ducked first audio and the given dynamic range is less than the determined loudness of the background noise, compressing the first audio to a dynamic range that is louder than the determined loudness of the background noise and playing back the compressed first audio; and when the determined difference between the loudness of the ducked first audio and the given dynamic range is greater than the determined loudness of the background noise, playing back the first audio without compression. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein sending, to the voice assistant, the recorded audio in the buffer representing the voice input to the voice assistant comprises sending, to one or more servers associated with the voice assistant, the recorded audio in the buffer representing the voice input to the voice assistant. 20. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions, that when executed by one or more processors of a playback device, cause the playback device to perform functions comprising:
while playing back first audio in a given environment at a given loudness via an audio stage and one or more speakers:
(a) recording, via one or more microphones, audio into a buffer;
(b) detecting, within the recorded audio, a wake word to invoke a voice assistant;
(c) in response to detecting the wake word: (i) ducking the first audio while recording, into the buffer, audio representing a voice input to the voice assistant and (ii) sending, to the voice assistant, the recorded audio in the buffer representing the voice input to the voice assistant;
(d) receiving, from the voice assistant in response to the voice input, second audio representing a spoken response to the voice input; and
in response to receiving the second audio representing the spoken response to the voice input, ducking the first audio while playing back the ducked first audio concurrently with the second audio representing the spoken response to the voice input via the audio stage and the one or more speakers. | 2,800 |
349,231 | 16,806,797 | 2,862 | An example device is configured to determine, based on a sky image of a portion of sky over a power distribution network and using a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based image regression model, an estimated global horizontal irradiance (GHI) value and manage or control the power distribution network using the estimated GHI value. The device may also be configured to determine, based on GHI values and aggregate load values for at least a portion of the power distribution network, using a Bayesian Structural Time Series model, an estimated photovoltaic power output value for the at least a portion of the power distribution network. The device may manage or control the power distribution network using the estimated photovoltaic power output value. | 1. A device comprising:
at least one processor configured to:
determine, based on a sky image of a portion of sky over a power distribution network, using a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based image regression model, an estimated global horizontal irradiance (GHI) value; and
cause at least one device in the power distribution network to modify operation based on the estimated GHI value. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the CNN-based image regression model comprises five convolutional blocks and a flattening/densifying block. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein each of the five convolutional blocks is configured to perform a respective convolution, a respective batch normalization, respective operation by a rectified linear unit (ReLU), and a respective max pooling. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the at least one device to modify operation based on the estimated GHI value by:
determining, based on the estimated GHI value and an aggregate load value for at least a portion of the power distribution network, using a Bayesian Structural Time Series (BSTS) model that estimates photovoltaic (PV) generation based on GHI values, an estimated PV power output value for the at least a portion of the power distribution network, and causing the at least one device to modify operation based on the estimated PV power output value for the at least a portion of the power distribution network. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the BSTS model comprises a state space model that captures time evolution of state variables. 6. The device of claim 4, wherein the BSTS model estimates the PV generation based additionally on temperature values. 7. The device of claim 1, further comprising a sky imaging device configured to capture the sky image. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein causing the at least one device to modify operation based on the estimated GHI value comprises outputting the estimated GHI value. 9. A device comprising:
at least one processor configured to:
determine, based on a sky image of a portion of sky over a power distribution network, an estimated global horizontal irradiance (GHI) value;
determine, based on the estimated GHI value and an aggregate load value for at least a portion of the power distribution network, using a Bayesian Structural Time Series (BSTS) model that estimates photovoltaic (PV) generation based on GHI values, an estimated PV power output value for the at least a portion of the power distribution network; and
cause at least one device in the power distribution network to modify operation based on the estimated PV power output value for the at least a portion of the power distribution network. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the BSTS model comprises a state space model that captures time evolution of state variables. 11. The device of claim 9, wherein the BSTS model estimates the PV generation based additionally on temperature values. 12. The device of claim 9, wherein causing the at least one device to modify operation based on the estimated PV power output value for the at least a portion of the power distribution network comprises outputting the estimated PV power output value for the at least a portion of the power distribution network. 13. A method comprising:
determining, by a computing device comprising at least one processor, based on a sky image of a portion of sky over a power distribution network, using a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based image regression model, an estimated global horizontal irradiance (GHI) value; and causing at least one device in the power distribution network to modify operation based on the estimated GHI value. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the CNN-based image regression model comprises five convolutional blocks and a flattening/densifying block. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein each of the five convolutional blocks is configured to perform a respective convolution, a respective batch normalization, respective operation by a rectified linear unit (ReLU), and a respective max pooling. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein causing the at least one device to modify operation based on the estimated GHI value comprises:
determining, based on the estimated GHI value and an aggregate load value for at least a portion of the power distribution network, using a Bayesian Structural Time Series (BSTS) model that estimates photovoltaic (PV) generation based on GHI values, an estimated PV power output value for the at least a portion of the power distribution network, and causing the at least one device to modify operation based on the estimated PV power output value for the at least a portion of the power distribution network. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the BSTS model comprises a state space model that captures the time evolution of state variables. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the BSTS model estimates the PV generation based additionally on temperature values. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein causing the at least one device to modify operation based on the estimated GHI value comprises transmitting the estimated GHI value to a distribution network management system. 20. The method of claim 13, further comprising generating, by the computing device, based on a plurality of sky images of the portion of sky and a respective plurality of GHI values, the CNN-based image regression model. | An example device is configured to determine, based on a sky image of a portion of sky over a power distribution network and using a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based image regression model, an estimated global horizontal irradiance (GHI) value and manage or control the power distribution network using the estimated GHI value. The device may also be configured to determine, based on GHI values and aggregate load values for at least a portion of the power distribution network, using a Bayesian Structural Time Series model, an estimated photovoltaic power output value for the at least a portion of the power distribution network. The device may manage or control the power distribution network using the estimated photovoltaic power output value.1. A device comprising:
at least one processor configured to:
determine, based on a sky image of a portion of sky over a power distribution network, using a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based image regression model, an estimated global horizontal irradiance (GHI) value; and
cause at least one device in the power distribution network to modify operation based on the estimated GHI value. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the CNN-based image regression model comprises five convolutional blocks and a flattening/densifying block. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein each of the five convolutional blocks is configured to perform a respective convolution, a respective batch normalization, respective operation by a rectified linear unit (ReLU), and a respective max pooling. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the at least one device to modify operation based on the estimated GHI value by:
determining, based on the estimated GHI value and an aggregate load value for at least a portion of the power distribution network, using a Bayesian Structural Time Series (BSTS) model that estimates photovoltaic (PV) generation based on GHI values, an estimated PV power output value for the at least a portion of the power distribution network, and causing the at least one device to modify operation based on the estimated PV power output value for the at least a portion of the power distribution network. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the BSTS model comprises a state space model that captures time evolution of state variables. 6. The device of claim 4, wherein the BSTS model estimates the PV generation based additionally on temperature values. 7. The device of claim 1, further comprising a sky imaging device configured to capture the sky image. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein causing the at least one device to modify operation based on the estimated GHI value comprises outputting the estimated GHI value. 9. A device comprising:
at least one processor configured to:
determine, based on a sky image of a portion of sky over a power distribution network, an estimated global horizontal irradiance (GHI) value;
determine, based on the estimated GHI value and an aggregate load value for at least a portion of the power distribution network, using a Bayesian Structural Time Series (BSTS) model that estimates photovoltaic (PV) generation based on GHI values, an estimated PV power output value for the at least a portion of the power distribution network; and
cause at least one device in the power distribution network to modify operation based on the estimated PV power output value for the at least a portion of the power distribution network. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the BSTS model comprises a state space model that captures time evolution of state variables. 11. The device of claim 9, wherein the BSTS model estimates the PV generation based additionally on temperature values. 12. The device of claim 9, wherein causing the at least one device to modify operation based on the estimated PV power output value for the at least a portion of the power distribution network comprises outputting the estimated PV power output value for the at least a portion of the power distribution network. 13. A method comprising:
determining, by a computing device comprising at least one processor, based on a sky image of a portion of sky over a power distribution network, using a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based image regression model, an estimated global horizontal irradiance (GHI) value; and causing at least one device in the power distribution network to modify operation based on the estimated GHI value. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the CNN-based image regression model comprises five convolutional blocks and a flattening/densifying block. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein each of the five convolutional blocks is configured to perform a respective convolution, a respective batch normalization, respective operation by a rectified linear unit (ReLU), and a respective max pooling. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein causing the at least one device to modify operation based on the estimated GHI value comprises:
determining, based on the estimated GHI value and an aggregate load value for at least a portion of the power distribution network, using a Bayesian Structural Time Series (BSTS) model that estimates photovoltaic (PV) generation based on GHI values, an estimated PV power output value for the at least a portion of the power distribution network, and causing the at least one device to modify operation based on the estimated PV power output value for the at least a portion of the power distribution network. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the BSTS model comprises a state space model that captures the time evolution of state variables. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the BSTS model estimates the PV generation based additionally on temperature values. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein causing the at least one device to modify operation based on the estimated GHI value comprises transmitting the estimated GHI value to a distribution network management system. 20. The method of claim 13, further comprising generating, by the computing device, based on a plurality of sky images of the portion of sky and a respective plurality of GHI values, the CNN-based image regression model. | 2,800 |
349,232 | 16,806,789 | 2,862 | A wireless communication system includes a wireless base station, a plurality of wireless terminals that communicate with the wireless base station using a first communication function, communicate with each other using a second communication function that consumes less power than the first communication function, and are driven by a battery, and a wireless controller. According to the configuration, it is possible to solve problems of the battery replacement cost of the wireless terminals in the system. | 1. A wireless communication system comprising:
a wireless base station; a plurality of wireless terminals each of which is driven by a battery; a wireless control device configured to control a communication between the wireless base station and the wireless terminals; wherein the wireless base station and the wireless terminals are configured to communicate by a first communication function or a second communication function, a power consumption of the second communication function being lower than that of the first communication function, wherein the wireless control device determines, from the wireless terminals, a first wireless terminal whose remaining battery capacity is low and a second wireless terminal whose remaining battery capacity is higher than that of the first wireless terminal, wherein the wireless control device controls a communication between the wireless base station and the second wireless terminal to be performed by the first communication function, and controls a communication between the first wireless terminal and the second wireless terminal to be performed by the second communication function. 2. The wireless communication system according to claim 1,
wherein the wireless control device controls a communication between the wireless base station and the first wireless terminal to be performed via the second wireless terminal. 3. The wireless communication system according to claim 2,
wherein the first wireless terminal transmits an uplink data to the second wireless terminal by the second communication function, and wherein the second wireless terminal transmits the uplink data to the wireless base station by the first communication function. 4. The wireless communication system according to claim 3,
wherein the wireless base station transmits a downlink data to the second wireless terminal by the first communication function, and wherein the second wireless terminal transmits the downlink data to the first wireless terminal by the first communication function. 5. The wireless communication system according to claim 1,
wherein each of the wireless terminals is configured to send own remaining battery capacity data to the base station. 6. The wireless communication system according to claim 1,
wherein the wireless control device is configured to redetermine the first wireless terminal and the second wireless terminal. 7. The wireless communication system according to claim 1,
wherein the wireless control device is further configured to determine a third wireless terminal which relays the communication between the first wireless terminal and the second wireless terminal. 8. The wireless communication system according to claim 7,
wherein the first wireless terminal transmits an uplink data to the second wireless terminal by the second communication function via the third wireless terminal, and wherein the second wireless terminal transmits the uplink data to the wireless base station by the first communication function. 9. The wireless communication system according to claim 8,
wherein the wireless base station transmits a downlink data to the second wireless terminal by the first communication function, and wherein the second wireless terminal transmits the downlink data to the first wireless terminal by the first communication function via the third wireless terminal. 10. A wireless communication system comprising:
a wireless base station; a first wireless terminal driven by a first battery; a second wireless terminal driven by a second battery; wherein a remaining capacity of the first battery is lower than that of the second battery, wherein a communication between the wireless base station and the second wireless terminal is performed by a first communication function, wherein a communication between the first wireless terminal and the second wireless terminal is performed by a second communication function whose power consumption is lower than that of the first communication function, wherein a communication between the wireless base station and the first wireless terminal is performed via the second wireless terminal. 11. The wireless communication system according to claim 10,
wherein the first wireless terminal transmits an uplink data to the second wireless terminal by the second communication function, and wherein the second wireless terminal transmits the uplink data to the wireless base station by the first communication function. 12. The wireless communication system according to claim 11,
wherein the wireless base station transmits a downlink data to the second wireless terminal by the first communication function, and wherein the second wireless terminal transmits the downlink data to the first wireless terminal by the first communication function. 13. The wireless communication system according to claim 10, further comprising a third wireless terminal which relays the communication between the first wireless terminal and the second wireless terminal. | A wireless communication system includes a wireless base station, a plurality of wireless terminals that communicate with the wireless base station using a first communication function, communicate with each other using a second communication function that consumes less power than the first communication function, and are driven by a battery, and a wireless controller. According to the configuration, it is possible to solve problems of the battery replacement cost of the wireless terminals in the system.1. A wireless communication system comprising:
a wireless base station; a plurality of wireless terminals each of which is driven by a battery; a wireless control device configured to control a communication between the wireless base station and the wireless terminals; wherein the wireless base station and the wireless terminals are configured to communicate by a first communication function or a second communication function, a power consumption of the second communication function being lower than that of the first communication function, wherein the wireless control device determines, from the wireless terminals, a first wireless terminal whose remaining battery capacity is low and a second wireless terminal whose remaining battery capacity is higher than that of the first wireless terminal, wherein the wireless control device controls a communication between the wireless base station and the second wireless terminal to be performed by the first communication function, and controls a communication between the first wireless terminal and the second wireless terminal to be performed by the second communication function. 2. The wireless communication system according to claim 1,
wherein the wireless control device controls a communication between the wireless base station and the first wireless terminal to be performed via the second wireless terminal. 3. The wireless communication system according to claim 2,
wherein the first wireless terminal transmits an uplink data to the second wireless terminal by the second communication function, and wherein the second wireless terminal transmits the uplink data to the wireless base station by the first communication function. 4. The wireless communication system according to claim 3,
wherein the wireless base station transmits a downlink data to the second wireless terminal by the first communication function, and wherein the second wireless terminal transmits the downlink data to the first wireless terminal by the first communication function. 5. The wireless communication system according to claim 1,
wherein each of the wireless terminals is configured to send own remaining battery capacity data to the base station. 6. The wireless communication system according to claim 1,
wherein the wireless control device is configured to redetermine the first wireless terminal and the second wireless terminal. 7. The wireless communication system according to claim 1,
wherein the wireless control device is further configured to determine a third wireless terminal which relays the communication between the first wireless terminal and the second wireless terminal. 8. The wireless communication system according to claim 7,
wherein the first wireless terminal transmits an uplink data to the second wireless terminal by the second communication function via the third wireless terminal, and wherein the second wireless terminal transmits the uplink data to the wireless base station by the first communication function. 9. The wireless communication system according to claim 8,
wherein the wireless base station transmits a downlink data to the second wireless terminal by the first communication function, and wherein the second wireless terminal transmits the downlink data to the first wireless terminal by the first communication function via the third wireless terminal. 10. A wireless communication system comprising:
a wireless base station; a first wireless terminal driven by a first battery; a second wireless terminal driven by a second battery; wherein a remaining capacity of the first battery is lower than that of the second battery, wherein a communication between the wireless base station and the second wireless terminal is performed by a first communication function, wherein a communication between the first wireless terminal and the second wireless terminal is performed by a second communication function whose power consumption is lower than that of the first communication function, wherein a communication between the wireless base station and the first wireless terminal is performed via the second wireless terminal. 11. The wireless communication system according to claim 10,
wherein the first wireless terminal transmits an uplink data to the second wireless terminal by the second communication function, and wherein the second wireless terminal transmits the uplink data to the wireless base station by the first communication function. 12. The wireless communication system according to claim 11,
wherein the wireless base station transmits a downlink data to the second wireless terminal by the first communication function, and wherein the second wireless terminal transmits the downlink data to the first wireless terminal by the first communication function. 13. The wireless communication system according to claim 10, further comprising a third wireless terminal which relays the communication between the first wireless terminal and the second wireless terminal. | 2,800 |
349,233 | 16,806,805 | 2,862 | A wireless communication system includes a wireless base station, a plurality of wireless terminals that communicate with the wireless base station using a first communication function, communicate with each other using a second communication function that consumes less power than the first communication function, and are driven by a battery, and a wireless controller. According to the configuration, it is possible to solve problems of the battery replacement cost of the wireless terminals in the system. | 1. A wireless communication system comprising:
a wireless base station; a plurality of wireless terminals each of which is driven by a battery; a wireless control device configured to control a communication between the wireless base station and the wireless terminals; wherein the wireless base station and the wireless terminals are configured to communicate by a first communication function or a second communication function, a power consumption of the second communication function being lower than that of the first communication function, wherein the wireless control device determines, from the wireless terminals, a first wireless terminal whose remaining battery capacity is low and a second wireless terminal whose remaining battery capacity is higher than that of the first wireless terminal, wherein the wireless control device controls a communication between the wireless base station and the second wireless terminal to be performed by the first communication function, and controls a communication between the first wireless terminal and the second wireless terminal to be performed by the second communication function. 2. The wireless communication system according to claim 1,
wherein the wireless control device controls a communication between the wireless base station and the first wireless terminal to be performed via the second wireless terminal. 3. The wireless communication system according to claim 2,
wherein the first wireless terminal transmits an uplink data to the second wireless terminal by the second communication function, and wherein the second wireless terminal transmits the uplink data to the wireless base station by the first communication function. 4. The wireless communication system according to claim 3,
wherein the wireless base station transmits a downlink data to the second wireless terminal by the first communication function, and wherein the second wireless terminal transmits the downlink data to the first wireless terminal by the first communication function. 5. The wireless communication system according to claim 1,
wherein each of the wireless terminals is configured to send own remaining battery capacity data to the base station. 6. The wireless communication system according to claim 1,
wherein the wireless control device is configured to redetermine the first wireless terminal and the second wireless terminal. 7. The wireless communication system according to claim 1,
wherein the wireless control device is further configured to determine a third wireless terminal which relays the communication between the first wireless terminal and the second wireless terminal. 8. The wireless communication system according to claim 7,
wherein the first wireless terminal transmits an uplink data to the second wireless terminal by the second communication function via the third wireless terminal, and wherein the second wireless terminal transmits the uplink data to the wireless base station by the first communication function. 9. The wireless communication system according to claim 8,
wherein the wireless base station transmits a downlink data to the second wireless terminal by the first communication function, and wherein the second wireless terminal transmits the downlink data to the first wireless terminal by the first communication function via the third wireless terminal. 10. A wireless communication system comprising:
a wireless base station; a first wireless terminal driven by a first battery; a second wireless terminal driven by a second battery; wherein a remaining capacity of the first battery is lower than that of the second battery, wherein a communication between the wireless base station and the second wireless terminal is performed by a first communication function, wherein a communication between the first wireless terminal and the second wireless terminal is performed by a second communication function whose power consumption is lower than that of the first communication function, wherein a communication between the wireless base station and the first wireless terminal is performed via the second wireless terminal. 11. The wireless communication system according to claim 10,
wherein the first wireless terminal transmits an uplink data to the second wireless terminal by the second communication function, and wherein the second wireless terminal transmits the uplink data to the wireless base station by the first communication function. 12. The wireless communication system according to claim 11,
wherein the wireless base station transmits a downlink data to the second wireless terminal by the first communication function, and wherein the second wireless terminal transmits the downlink data to the first wireless terminal by the first communication function. 13. The wireless communication system according to claim 10, further comprising a third wireless terminal which relays the communication between the first wireless terminal and the second wireless terminal. | A wireless communication system includes a wireless base station, a plurality of wireless terminals that communicate with the wireless base station using a first communication function, communicate with each other using a second communication function that consumes less power than the first communication function, and are driven by a battery, and a wireless controller. According to the configuration, it is possible to solve problems of the battery replacement cost of the wireless terminals in the system.1. A wireless communication system comprising:
a wireless base station; a plurality of wireless terminals each of which is driven by a battery; a wireless control device configured to control a communication between the wireless base station and the wireless terminals; wherein the wireless base station and the wireless terminals are configured to communicate by a first communication function or a second communication function, a power consumption of the second communication function being lower than that of the first communication function, wherein the wireless control device determines, from the wireless terminals, a first wireless terminal whose remaining battery capacity is low and a second wireless terminal whose remaining battery capacity is higher than that of the first wireless terminal, wherein the wireless control device controls a communication between the wireless base station and the second wireless terminal to be performed by the first communication function, and controls a communication between the first wireless terminal and the second wireless terminal to be performed by the second communication function. 2. The wireless communication system according to claim 1,
wherein the wireless control device controls a communication between the wireless base station and the first wireless terminal to be performed via the second wireless terminal. 3. The wireless communication system according to claim 2,
wherein the first wireless terminal transmits an uplink data to the second wireless terminal by the second communication function, and wherein the second wireless terminal transmits the uplink data to the wireless base station by the first communication function. 4. The wireless communication system according to claim 3,
wherein the wireless base station transmits a downlink data to the second wireless terminal by the first communication function, and wherein the second wireless terminal transmits the downlink data to the first wireless terminal by the first communication function. 5. The wireless communication system according to claim 1,
wherein each of the wireless terminals is configured to send own remaining battery capacity data to the base station. 6. The wireless communication system according to claim 1,
wherein the wireless control device is configured to redetermine the first wireless terminal and the second wireless terminal. 7. The wireless communication system according to claim 1,
wherein the wireless control device is further configured to determine a third wireless terminal which relays the communication between the first wireless terminal and the second wireless terminal. 8. The wireless communication system according to claim 7,
wherein the first wireless terminal transmits an uplink data to the second wireless terminal by the second communication function via the third wireless terminal, and wherein the second wireless terminal transmits the uplink data to the wireless base station by the first communication function. 9. The wireless communication system according to claim 8,
wherein the wireless base station transmits a downlink data to the second wireless terminal by the first communication function, and wherein the second wireless terminal transmits the downlink data to the first wireless terminal by the first communication function via the third wireless terminal. 10. A wireless communication system comprising:
a wireless base station; a first wireless terminal driven by a first battery; a second wireless terminal driven by a second battery; wherein a remaining capacity of the first battery is lower than that of the second battery, wherein a communication between the wireless base station and the second wireless terminal is performed by a first communication function, wherein a communication between the first wireless terminal and the second wireless terminal is performed by a second communication function whose power consumption is lower than that of the first communication function, wherein a communication between the wireless base station and the first wireless terminal is performed via the second wireless terminal. 11. The wireless communication system according to claim 10,
wherein the first wireless terminal transmits an uplink data to the second wireless terminal by the second communication function, and wherein the second wireless terminal transmits the uplink data to the wireless base station by the first communication function. 12. The wireless communication system according to claim 11,
wherein the wireless base station transmits a downlink data to the second wireless terminal by the first communication function, and wherein the second wireless terminal transmits the downlink data to the first wireless terminal by the first communication function. 13. The wireless communication system according to claim 10, further comprising a third wireless terminal which relays the communication between the first wireless terminal and the second wireless terminal. | 2,800 |
349,234 | 16,806,790 | 2,862 | This document provides devices and methods for the treatment of heart conditions such as valvular stenosis. For example, this document provides devices and methods by which a guide catheter can align itself with a blood flow stream to thereby help direct a guidewire or other elongate device transmitted from the guide catheter through an orifice of a heart valve. | 1. A device for centering a medical instrument in a conduit within a patient, the device comprising:
a framework comprised of a plurality of elongate metal frame members, wherein the frame members are attached to each other to define a central lumen having an open proximal end and an open distal end, wherein the distal end has a greater diameter than a diameter of the proximal end, and wherein the frame members are attached to each other to further define two or more side apertures that are nearer to the proximal end than to the distal end; and a covering, wherein the covering is attached to the framework and the covering is a biocompatible membrane or film. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of elongate metal frame members are comprised of nitinol, wherein the device is collapsible to a low-profile configuration adapted for confinement within a delivery sheath, and wherein the device can self-expand to an expanded configuration when the device is not contained within the delivery sheath. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the frame members are attached to each other to further define four or more side apertures that are nearer to the proximal end than to the distal end. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the side apertures are symmetrically positioned about a longitudinal axis of the device. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the side apertures define open fluid flow paths that are not occluded by the covering. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of elongate metal frame members form a plurality of petals. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein adjacent petals of the plurality of petals overlap each other. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein the plurality of petals are hinged to a proximal end collar of the device. 9. A system for treating a human patient, the system comprising:
a self-centering device comprising:
a framework comprised of a plurality of elongate metal frame members, wherein the frame members are attached to each other to define a central lumen having an open proximal end and an open distal end, wherein the distal end has a greater diameter than a diameter of the proximal end, and wherein the frame members are attached to each other to further define two or more side apertures that are nearer to the proximal end than to the distal end; and
a covering, wherein the covering is attached to the framework and the covering is a biocompatible membrane or film;
a guidewire comprising an elongate metal wire; and a guide catheter with a lumen, wherein the self-centering device and the guidewire are arranged to be contained within the lumen, wherein the self-centering device is in a low-profile configuration when the self-centering device is contained within the lumen, and wherein the self-centering device can self-expand to an expanded configuration when the self-centering device is not contained within the lumen. 10. A method for treating a human patient, the method comprising:
providing a medical device system comprising:
a self-centering device comprising:
a framework comprised of a plurality of elongate metal frame members, wherein the frame members are attached to each other to define a central lumen having an open proximal end and an open distal end, wherein the distal end has a greater diameter than a diameter of the proximal end, and wherein the frame members are attached to each other to further define two or more side apertures that are nearer to the proximal end than to the distal end; and
a covering, wherein the covering is attached to the framework and the covering is a biocompatible membrane or film;
a guidewire comprising an elongate metal wire; and
a guide catheter with a lumen, wherein the self-centering device and the guidewire are arranged to be contained within the lumen, wherein the self-centering device is in a low-profile configuration when the self-centering device is contained within the lumen, and wherein the self-centering device can self-expand to an expanded configuration when the self-centering device is not contained within the lumen;
inserting the guide catheter containing the self-centering device and the guidewire into the patient; directing the guide catheter to a target site within the patient; causing the self-centering device to emerge from a distal end of the guide catheter, wherein the self-centering device reconfigures from the low-profile configuration to the expanded configuration when the self-centering device emerges from the guide catheter; and causing the guidewire to emerge from a distal end of the guide catheter. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the method is used to treat a stenotic aortic valve of the patient. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the method is used to treat perivalvular aortic or mitral valve leaks, or a vascular fistula in the patient. | This document provides devices and methods for the treatment of heart conditions such as valvular stenosis. For example, this document provides devices and methods by which a guide catheter can align itself with a blood flow stream to thereby help direct a guidewire or other elongate device transmitted from the guide catheter through an orifice of a heart valve.1. A device for centering a medical instrument in a conduit within a patient, the device comprising:
a framework comprised of a plurality of elongate metal frame members, wherein the frame members are attached to each other to define a central lumen having an open proximal end and an open distal end, wherein the distal end has a greater diameter than a diameter of the proximal end, and wherein the frame members are attached to each other to further define two or more side apertures that are nearer to the proximal end than to the distal end; and a covering, wherein the covering is attached to the framework and the covering is a biocompatible membrane or film. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of elongate metal frame members are comprised of nitinol, wherein the device is collapsible to a low-profile configuration adapted for confinement within a delivery sheath, and wherein the device can self-expand to an expanded configuration when the device is not contained within the delivery sheath. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the frame members are attached to each other to further define four or more side apertures that are nearer to the proximal end than to the distal end. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the side apertures are symmetrically positioned about a longitudinal axis of the device. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the side apertures define open fluid flow paths that are not occluded by the covering. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of elongate metal frame members form a plurality of petals. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein adjacent petals of the plurality of petals overlap each other. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein the plurality of petals are hinged to a proximal end collar of the device. 9. A system for treating a human patient, the system comprising:
a self-centering device comprising:
a framework comprised of a plurality of elongate metal frame members, wherein the frame members are attached to each other to define a central lumen having an open proximal end and an open distal end, wherein the distal end has a greater diameter than a diameter of the proximal end, and wherein the frame members are attached to each other to further define two or more side apertures that are nearer to the proximal end than to the distal end; and
a covering, wherein the covering is attached to the framework and the covering is a biocompatible membrane or film;
a guidewire comprising an elongate metal wire; and a guide catheter with a lumen, wherein the self-centering device and the guidewire are arranged to be contained within the lumen, wherein the self-centering device is in a low-profile configuration when the self-centering device is contained within the lumen, and wherein the self-centering device can self-expand to an expanded configuration when the self-centering device is not contained within the lumen. 10. A method for treating a human patient, the method comprising:
providing a medical device system comprising:
a self-centering device comprising:
a framework comprised of a plurality of elongate metal frame members, wherein the frame members are attached to each other to define a central lumen having an open proximal end and an open distal end, wherein the distal end has a greater diameter than a diameter of the proximal end, and wherein the frame members are attached to each other to further define two or more side apertures that are nearer to the proximal end than to the distal end; and
a covering, wherein the covering is attached to the framework and the covering is a biocompatible membrane or film;
a guidewire comprising an elongate metal wire; and
a guide catheter with a lumen, wherein the self-centering device and the guidewire are arranged to be contained within the lumen, wherein the self-centering device is in a low-profile configuration when the self-centering device is contained within the lumen, and wherein the self-centering device can self-expand to an expanded configuration when the self-centering device is not contained within the lumen;
inserting the guide catheter containing the self-centering device and the guidewire into the patient; directing the guide catheter to a target site within the patient; causing the self-centering device to emerge from a distal end of the guide catheter, wherein the self-centering device reconfigures from the low-profile configuration to the expanded configuration when the self-centering device emerges from the guide catheter; and causing the guidewire to emerge from a distal end of the guide catheter. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the method is used to treat a stenotic aortic valve of the patient. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the method is used to treat perivalvular aortic or mitral valve leaks, or a vascular fistula in the patient. | 2,800 |
349,235 | 16,806,820 | 1,634 | The present invention relates to new methods for diagnosing a pregnancy-associated disorder by analyzing fetal DNA present in the mother's blood. More specifically, this invention relies on the discovery that the maspin gene is differentially methylated in fetal DNA and in maternal DNA and provides these new diagnostic methods, which distinguish fetal DNA from maternal DNA and detect prenatal disorders based on abnormalities in fetal DNA level and methylation status. | 1-56. (canceled) 57. A method of analyzing the maspin gene in the blood of a pregnant woman, comprising the steps of
(a) treating DNA obtained from a blood sample taken from a pregnant woman with a reagent that differentially modifies methylated and non-methylated DNA, thereby distinguishing methylated and unmethylated version of the maspin gene; and (b) determining the level of at least one portion the unmethylated version of the maspin gene. 58. The method of claim 57, further comprising, prior to step (a), obtaining the blood sample from the woman and isolating DNA from the blood sample. 59. The method of claim 57, wherein the DNA is acellular DNA in the blood sample. 60. The method of claim 57, wherein the blood sample is whole blood. 61. The method of claim 57, wherein the blood sample is plasma or serum. 62. The method of claim 57, wherein the blood sample is obtained from the woman after 10 weeks of gestation. 63. The method of claim 57, wherein the reagent comprises bisulfite. 64. The method of claim 57, wherein the reagent comprises one or more enzymes that preferentially cleave methylated DNA. 65. The method of claim 57, wherein the reagent comprises one or more enzymes that preferentially cleave unmethylated DNA. 66. The method of claim 57, wherein step (b) comprises performing an amplification reaction to amplify the at least one portion of the maspin gene. 67. The method of claim 66, wherein the amplification reaction is a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 68. The method of claim 67, wherein the PCR is a methylation-specific PCR. 69. The method of claim 67, wherein the PCR is real-time PCR. 70. The method of claim 66, wherein the amplification reaction is a nucleic acid sequence based amplification, a strand displacement reaction, or a branched DNA amplification reaction. 71. The method of claim 57, wherein step (a) comprises determining the nucleotide sequence of the at least one portion of the maspin gene. 72. The method of claim 71, wherein step (a) comprises mass spectrometry, primer extension, polynucleotide hybridization, or electrophoresis. 73. The method of claim 57, wherein the at least one portion of the maspin gene is the promoter region of the maspin gene. | The present invention relates to new methods for diagnosing a pregnancy-associated disorder by analyzing fetal DNA present in the mother's blood. More specifically, this invention relies on the discovery that the maspin gene is differentially methylated in fetal DNA and in maternal DNA and provides these new diagnostic methods, which distinguish fetal DNA from maternal DNA and detect prenatal disorders based on abnormalities in fetal DNA level and methylation status.1-56. (canceled) 57. A method of analyzing the maspin gene in the blood of a pregnant woman, comprising the steps of
(a) treating DNA obtained from a blood sample taken from a pregnant woman with a reagent that differentially modifies methylated and non-methylated DNA, thereby distinguishing methylated and unmethylated version of the maspin gene; and (b) determining the level of at least one portion the unmethylated version of the maspin gene. 58. The method of claim 57, further comprising, prior to step (a), obtaining the blood sample from the woman and isolating DNA from the blood sample. 59. The method of claim 57, wherein the DNA is acellular DNA in the blood sample. 60. The method of claim 57, wherein the blood sample is whole blood. 61. The method of claim 57, wherein the blood sample is plasma or serum. 62. The method of claim 57, wherein the blood sample is obtained from the woman after 10 weeks of gestation. 63. The method of claim 57, wherein the reagent comprises bisulfite. 64. The method of claim 57, wherein the reagent comprises one or more enzymes that preferentially cleave methylated DNA. 65. The method of claim 57, wherein the reagent comprises one or more enzymes that preferentially cleave unmethylated DNA. 66. The method of claim 57, wherein step (b) comprises performing an amplification reaction to amplify the at least one portion of the maspin gene. 67. The method of claim 66, wherein the amplification reaction is a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 68. The method of claim 67, wherein the PCR is a methylation-specific PCR. 69. The method of claim 67, wherein the PCR is real-time PCR. 70. The method of claim 66, wherein the amplification reaction is a nucleic acid sequence based amplification, a strand displacement reaction, or a branched DNA amplification reaction. 71. The method of claim 57, wherein step (a) comprises determining the nucleotide sequence of the at least one portion of the maspin gene. 72. The method of claim 71, wherein step (a) comprises mass spectrometry, primer extension, polynucleotide hybridization, or electrophoresis. 73. The method of claim 57, wherein the at least one portion of the maspin gene is the promoter region of the maspin gene. | 1,600 |
349,236 | 16,806,801 | 1,634 | According to one example of the disclosure, a device comprises an antenna, a capacitor including a first plate having a first voltage, and the antenna having a second voltage, and sensing circuitry coupled to the first plate and configured to apply the first voltage to the first plate, determine a capacitance between the first plate and the antenna, and identify, based on the capacitance, a capacitive touch input. | 1. A device comprising:
an antenna; a capacitor including:
a first plate having a first voltage; and
the antenna having a second voltage; and
sensing circuitry coupled to the first plate and configured to:
apply the first voltage to the first plate;
determine a capacitance between the first plate and the antenna; and
identify, based on the capacitance, a capacitive touch input. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the second voltage is a ground reference. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the capacitor consists of the first plate and the antenna. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the antenna is implemented around a perimeter the first plate. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the antenna is substantially symmetrical around the first plate. 6. The device of claim 1, further comprising an enclosure having an outer surface and an inner surface and including the sensing circuitry, wherein the first plate and the antenna are formed on the outer surface of the enclosure. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the first plate is coupled to the inner surface of the enclosure by at least one via through the enclosure. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein the at least one via is coupled to the sensing circuitry by a trace on the inner surface of the enclosure. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the sensing circuitry includes a printed circuit board (PCB), and wherein the trace is coupled to the PCB by a pogo pin between the trace and the PCB. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the sensing circuitry is further configured to sense at least one of the first voltage and a current applied to the first plate, and wherein determining, by the sensing circuitry, the capacitance between the first plate and the antenna is based on the at least one of the first voltage and the current applied to the first plate. 11. The device of claim 1, wherein the capacitor further includes a second plate having a third voltage, and wherein the sensing circuitry is further configured to:
apply the third voltage to the second plate; determine a change in a mutual capacitance between the first plate and the second plate; and identify, based on the change in the mutual capacitance, the capacitive touch input. 12. A method of operating a device including an antenna and a capacitor including a first plate and the antenna, the method comprising:
applying a first voltage to the first plate; generating an electrical field between the first plate and the antenna based on the first voltage; determining at least one electrical parameter indicative of a capacitance between the first plate and the antenna based on the electrical field; and identifying, based on the at least one electrical parameter, a capacitive touch input. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein determining the at least one electrical parameter includes sensing at least one of the first voltage and a current applied to the first plate. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising determining, based on the at least one electrical parameter, the capacitance between the first plate and the antenna, wherein identifying the capacitive touch input includes detecting a change in the capacitance between the first plate and the antenna. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the capacitor further includes a second plate, the method further comprising:
applying a second voltage to the second plate; generating an electrical field between the first plate and the second plate based on the second voltage; determining at least one electrical parameter indicative of a change in a mutual capacitance between the first plate and the second plate based on the electrical field; and identifying, based on the at least one electrical parameter indicative of the change in the mutual capacitance, the capacitive touch input. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein identifying the capacitive touch input includes detecting a change in the at least one electrical parameter indicative of a change in the capacitance between the first plate and the antenna. 17. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing thereon sequences of computer-executable instructions for operating a device including an antenna and a capacitor comprising a first plate and an antenna, the sequences of computer-executable instructions including instructions that instruct at least one processor to:
apply a first voltage to the first plate; generate an electrical field between the first plate and the antenna based on the first voltage; determine at least one electrical parameter indicative of a capacitance between the first plate and the antenna based on the electrical field; and identify, based on the at least one electrical parameter, a capacitive touch input. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein determining the at least one electrical parameter includes sensing at least one of the first voltage and a current applied to the first plate, and wherein the instructions further instruct the at least one processor to determine, based on the at least one electrical parameter, the capacitance between the first plate and the antenna. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein identifying the capacitive touch input includes at least one of detecting a change in the capacitance between the first plate and the antenna and detecting a change in the at least one electrical parameter indicative of a change in the capacitance between the first plate and the antenna. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the device further includes a second plate, and wherein the instructions further instruct the at least one processor to:
apply a second voltage to the second plate; generate an electrical field between the first plate and the second plate based on the second voltage; determine at least one electrical parameter indicative of a change in a mutual capacitance between the first plate and the second plate based on the electrical field; and identify, based on the at least one electrical parameter indicative of the change in the mutual capacitance, the capacitive touch input. | According to one example of the disclosure, a device comprises an antenna, a capacitor including a first plate having a first voltage, and the antenna having a second voltage, and sensing circuitry coupled to the first plate and configured to apply the first voltage to the first plate, determine a capacitance between the first plate and the antenna, and identify, based on the capacitance, a capacitive touch input.1. A device comprising:
an antenna; a capacitor including:
a first plate having a first voltage; and
the antenna having a second voltage; and
sensing circuitry coupled to the first plate and configured to:
apply the first voltage to the first plate;
determine a capacitance between the first plate and the antenna; and
identify, based on the capacitance, a capacitive touch input. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the second voltage is a ground reference. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the capacitor consists of the first plate and the antenna. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the antenna is implemented around a perimeter the first plate. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the antenna is substantially symmetrical around the first plate. 6. The device of claim 1, further comprising an enclosure having an outer surface and an inner surface and including the sensing circuitry, wherein the first plate and the antenna are formed on the outer surface of the enclosure. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the first plate is coupled to the inner surface of the enclosure by at least one via through the enclosure. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein the at least one via is coupled to the sensing circuitry by a trace on the inner surface of the enclosure. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the sensing circuitry includes a printed circuit board (PCB), and wherein the trace is coupled to the PCB by a pogo pin between the trace and the PCB. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the sensing circuitry is further configured to sense at least one of the first voltage and a current applied to the first plate, and wherein determining, by the sensing circuitry, the capacitance between the first plate and the antenna is based on the at least one of the first voltage and the current applied to the first plate. 11. The device of claim 1, wherein the capacitor further includes a second plate having a third voltage, and wherein the sensing circuitry is further configured to:
apply the third voltage to the second plate; determine a change in a mutual capacitance between the first plate and the second plate; and identify, based on the change in the mutual capacitance, the capacitive touch input. 12. A method of operating a device including an antenna and a capacitor including a first plate and the antenna, the method comprising:
applying a first voltage to the first plate; generating an electrical field between the first plate and the antenna based on the first voltage; determining at least one electrical parameter indicative of a capacitance between the first plate and the antenna based on the electrical field; and identifying, based on the at least one electrical parameter, a capacitive touch input. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein determining the at least one electrical parameter includes sensing at least one of the first voltage and a current applied to the first plate. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising determining, based on the at least one electrical parameter, the capacitance between the first plate and the antenna, wherein identifying the capacitive touch input includes detecting a change in the capacitance between the first plate and the antenna. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the capacitor further includes a second plate, the method further comprising:
applying a second voltage to the second plate; generating an electrical field between the first plate and the second plate based on the second voltage; determining at least one electrical parameter indicative of a change in a mutual capacitance between the first plate and the second plate based on the electrical field; and identifying, based on the at least one electrical parameter indicative of the change in the mutual capacitance, the capacitive touch input. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein identifying the capacitive touch input includes detecting a change in the at least one electrical parameter indicative of a change in the capacitance between the first plate and the antenna. 17. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing thereon sequences of computer-executable instructions for operating a device including an antenna and a capacitor comprising a first plate and an antenna, the sequences of computer-executable instructions including instructions that instruct at least one processor to:
apply a first voltage to the first plate; generate an electrical field between the first plate and the antenna based on the first voltage; determine at least one electrical parameter indicative of a capacitance between the first plate and the antenna based on the electrical field; and identify, based on the at least one electrical parameter, a capacitive touch input. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein determining the at least one electrical parameter includes sensing at least one of the first voltage and a current applied to the first plate, and wherein the instructions further instruct the at least one processor to determine, based on the at least one electrical parameter, the capacitance between the first plate and the antenna. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein identifying the capacitive touch input includes at least one of detecting a change in the capacitance between the first plate and the antenna and detecting a change in the at least one electrical parameter indicative of a change in the capacitance between the first plate and the antenna. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the device further includes a second plate, and wherein the instructions further instruct the at least one processor to:
apply a second voltage to the second plate; generate an electrical field between the first plate and the second plate based on the second voltage; determine at least one electrical parameter indicative of a change in a mutual capacitance between the first plate and the second plate based on the electrical field; and identify, based on the at least one electrical parameter indicative of the change in the mutual capacitance, the capacitive touch input. | 1,600 |
349,237 | 16,806,788 | 1,634 | A method of increasing a speed of operation of a computer via a metadata-based business rule interpreter. The method includes receiving, at a processor, user input defining a business rule. The method also includes translating, by the processor, the user input into a domain-specific language entirely consisting of metadata objects, wherein a translated syntax is formed, the translated syntax being an abstract syntax tree structure consisting of only the metadata objects. The method also includes executing, by the processor, an abstract syntax tree interpreter and taking as input into the abstract syntax tree interpreter the translated syntax. A compiler operation to generate computer code for implementing the business rule is avoided. Executing the abstract syntax tree interpreter produces a result in a browser without using executable code to achieve the result. | 1. A method comprising:
increasing a speed of operation of a computer via a metadata-based business rule interpreter by:
receiving, at a processor, user input defining a business rule wherein:
the user input comprises a plurality of composable executor functions, wherein at least one of the plurality of composable executor functions defines an atomic code construct; and
the composable executor functions operate inside of a context defined at a beginning of a business rule execution;
translating, by the processor, the user input into a domain-specific language, the domain-specific language consisting of metadata objects, wherein the translating forms a translated syntax as between the user input and the metadata objects, the translated syntax being an abstract syntax tree structure consisting of only the metadata objects; and
executing, by the processor, an abstract syntax tree interpreter and taking as input into the abstract syntax tree interpreter the translated syntax, wherein:
a compiler operation to generate computer code for implementing the business rule is avoided; and
executing the abstract syntax tree interpreter produces a result in a browser without using executable code to achieve the result. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the user input comprises receiving one or more pre-determined metadata objects. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the user input further comprises block types and properties of the block types. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the abstract syntax tree interpreter resides in the browser. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of composable executor functions defines a single, atomic code construct. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein a target object of the business rule execution is for all input to and output from the business rule. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein different permutations of compositions of the composable executor functions enables execution of different business rule behaviors at runtime. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the translating and executing operates at least ten times faster than execution of a business rule interpreter which uses a compiler to generate executable code from the user input for producing the result in the browser. 9. A computer system comprising:
a processor; and computer recordable storage medium connected to the processor and storing instructions which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to implement a metadata-based business rule interpreter that:
receives user input defining a business rule, wherein:
the user input comprises a composable executor function that defines an atomic code construct; and
the composable executor function operates inside of a context defined at a beginning of a business rule execution step;
translates the user input into a domain-specific language, the domain-specific language consisting of metadata objects, wherein translation forms a translated syntax as between the user input and the domain-specific language, the translated syntax being an abstract syntax tree structure consisting of only the metadata objects; and
executes an abstract syntax tree interpreter and taking as input into the abstract syntax tree interpreter the translated syntax, wherein a compiler operation to generate computer code for implementing the business rule is avoided, and wherein executing the abstract syntax tree interpreter produces a result in a browser without using executable code to achieve the result. 10. The computer system of claim 9, wherein the user input comprises one or more pre-determined metadata objects. 11. The computer system of claim 10, wherein the user input further comprises block types and properties of the block types. 12. The computer system of claim 9, wherein the user input further comprises a plurality of composable executor functions, each of which defines a single, atomic code construct. 13. The computer system of claim 12 wherein the plurality of composable executor functions operate inside of the context. 14. The computer system of claim 13, wherein different permutations of compositions of the composable executor functions enables execution of different business rule behaviors at runtime. 15. A computer program product comprising:
a computer recordable storage medium including instructions for increasing speed of operation of a computer via a metadata-based business rule interpreter, the instructions comprising:
first program code for receiving user input defining a business rule, wherein:
the user input comprises a composable executor function;
the composable executor function defines an atomic code construct; and
the composable executor function operates inside of a context defined at a beginning of a business rule execution step;
second program code for translating the user input into a domain-specific language, the domain-specific language consisting of metadata objects, wherein the translating forms a translated syntax as between the business rule and the metadata objects, the translated syntax being an abstract syntax tree structure consisting of only the metadata objects; and
third program code for executing an abstract syntax tree interpreter and taking as input into the abstract syntax tree interpreter the translated syntax, wherein a compiler operation to generate computer code for implementing the business rule is avoided, and wherein executing the abstract syntax tree interpreter produces a result in a browser without using executable code to achieve the result. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the first program code comprises fourth program code for receiving one or more pre-determined metadata objects. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein the user input further comprises block types and properties of the block types. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the user input is further defined by a plurality of composable executor functions, each of which defines the atomic code construct. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein the composable executor functions operate inside of a context defined at a beginning of a business rule execution step which is a target object for all symbols defined in a course of a business rule execution, as well as for all input to and output from the business rule. 20. The computer program product of claim 19, wherein different permutations of compositions of the composable executor functions enables execution of different business rule behaviors at runtime. | A method of increasing a speed of operation of a computer via a metadata-based business rule interpreter. The method includes receiving, at a processor, user input defining a business rule. The method also includes translating, by the processor, the user input into a domain-specific language entirely consisting of metadata objects, wherein a translated syntax is formed, the translated syntax being an abstract syntax tree structure consisting of only the metadata objects. The method also includes executing, by the processor, an abstract syntax tree interpreter and taking as input into the abstract syntax tree interpreter the translated syntax. A compiler operation to generate computer code for implementing the business rule is avoided. Executing the abstract syntax tree interpreter produces a result in a browser without using executable code to achieve the result.1. A method comprising:
increasing a speed of operation of a computer via a metadata-based business rule interpreter by:
receiving, at a processor, user input defining a business rule wherein:
the user input comprises a plurality of composable executor functions, wherein at least one of the plurality of composable executor functions defines an atomic code construct; and
the composable executor functions operate inside of a context defined at a beginning of a business rule execution;
translating, by the processor, the user input into a domain-specific language, the domain-specific language consisting of metadata objects, wherein the translating forms a translated syntax as between the user input and the metadata objects, the translated syntax being an abstract syntax tree structure consisting of only the metadata objects; and
executing, by the processor, an abstract syntax tree interpreter and taking as input into the abstract syntax tree interpreter the translated syntax, wherein:
a compiler operation to generate computer code for implementing the business rule is avoided; and
executing the abstract syntax tree interpreter produces a result in a browser without using executable code to achieve the result. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the user input comprises receiving one or more pre-determined metadata objects. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the user input further comprises block types and properties of the block types. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the abstract syntax tree interpreter resides in the browser. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of composable executor functions defines a single, atomic code construct. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein a target object of the business rule execution is for all input to and output from the business rule. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein different permutations of compositions of the composable executor functions enables execution of different business rule behaviors at runtime. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the translating and executing operates at least ten times faster than execution of a business rule interpreter which uses a compiler to generate executable code from the user input for producing the result in the browser. 9. A computer system comprising:
a processor; and computer recordable storage medium connected to the processor and storing instructions which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to implement a metadata-based business rule interpreter that:
receives user input defining a business rule, wherein:
the user input comprises a composable executor function that defines an atomic code construct; and
the composable executor function operates inside of a context defined at a beginning of a business rule execution step;
translates the user input into a domain-specific language, the domain-specific language consisting of metadata objects, wherein translation forms a translated syntax as between the user input and the domain-specific language, the translated syntax being an abstract syntax tree structure consisting of only the metadata objects; and
executes an abstract syntax tree interpreter and taking as input into the abstract syntax tree interpreter the translated syntax, wherein a compiler operation to generate computer code for implementing the business rule is avoided, and wherein executing the abstract syntax tree interpreter produces a result in a browser without using executable code to achieve the result. 10. The computer system of claim 9, wherein the user input comprises one or more pre-determined metadata objects. 11. The computer system of claim 10, wherein the user input further comprises block types and properties of the block types. 12. The computer system of claim 9, wherein the user input further comprises a plurality of composable executor functions, each of which defines a single, atomic code construct. 13. The computer system of claim 12 wherein the plurality of composable executor functions operate inside of the context. 14. The computer system of claim 13, wherein different permutations of compositions of the composable executor functions enables execution of different business rule behaviors at runtime. 15. A computer program product comprising:
a computer recordable storage medium including instructions for increasing speed of operation of a computer via a metadata-based business rule interpreter, the instructions comprising:
first program code for receiving user input defining a business rule, wherein:
the user input comprises a composable executor function;
the composable executor function defines an atomic code construct; and
the composable executor function operates inside of a context defined at a beginning of a business rule execution step;
second program code for translating the user input into a domain-specific language, the domain-specific language consisting of metadata objects, wherein the translating forms a translated syntax as between the business rule and the metadata objects, the translated syntax being an abstract syntax tree structure consisting of only the metadata objects; and
third program code for executing an abstract syntax tree interpreter and taking as input into the abstract syntax tree interpreter the translated syntax, wherein a compiler operation to generate computer code for implementing the business rule is avoided, and wherein executing the abstract syntax tree interpreter produces a result in a browser without using executable code to achieve the result. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the first program code comprises fourth program code for receiving one or more pre-determined metadata objects. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein the user input further comprises block types and properties of the block types. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the user input is further defined by a plurality of composable executor functions, each of which defines the atomic code construct. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein the composable executor functions operate inside of a context defined at a beginning of a business rule execution step which is a target object for all symbols defined in a course of a business rule execution, as well as for all input to and output from the business rule. 20. The computer program product of claim 19, wherein different permutations of compositions of the composable executor functions enables execution of different business rule behaviors at runtime. | 1,600 |
349,238 | 16,806,822 | 1,634 | A semiconductor device includes a plurality of stacked dies electrically connected with each other. Each of the stacked dies includes a data path, a strobe path, a stack information generation circuit, and a delay control circuit. The data path transmits a data signal. The strobe path transmits a data strobe signal. The stack information generation circuit generates stack information representing a number of the dies. The delay control circuit controls a delay time of at least one of the data path and the strobe path to based on the stack information. | 1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a plurality of stacked dies electrically connected with each other, wherein each of the stacked dies comprises: a data path configured to transmit a data signal; a strobe path configured to transmit a data strobe signal; a stack information generation circuit configured to generate stack information representing a number of the stacked to dies; and a delay control circuit configured to control a delay time of at least one of the data path and the strobe path based on the stack information. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the stack information generation circuit comprises at least one pad of the semiconductor device. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein the at least one pad comprises a pad that is not used in a normal mode of the semiconductor device. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the stack information generation circuit comprises at least one pad of the semiconductor device, wherein the at least one pad is bonded to any one of a power voltage terminal and a ground voltage terminal based on the number of the stacked dies. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the stack information generation circuit comprises a fuse set programmed based on a value of the stack information. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the data path comprises:
to an input buffer configured to receive the data signal to generate an internal data signal; and a data delay circuit configured to delay and output the internal data signal by a time changed based on an output from the delay control circuit. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the strobe path comprises:
an input buffer configured to receive the data strobe signal to generate an internal strobe signal; and
a strobe delay circuit configured to delay and output the internal strobe signal by a time changed based on an output from the delay control circuit. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the delay control circuit is configured to generate a first delay control code and a second delay control code having a value opposite to that of the first delay control code, and
the delay control circuit is configured to control the delay times of the data path and the strobe path in an inversely proportional relation using the first and second delay control codes. 9. A semiconductor device comprising:
a plurality of stacked dies electrically connected with each other, wherein each of the stacked dies comprises: to a data path configured to transmit a data signal; a strobe path configured to transmit a data strobe signal; a delay control circuit configured to control a delay time of at least one of the data path and the strobe path based on stack information representing a number of the stacked dies; and a stack information process circuit configured to receive the stack information as an address signal and to provide the delay control circuit with the received stack information. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 9, wherein the semiconductor device comprises a plurality of pads,
the stack information process circuit is configured to recognize a stack information write command based on a command cycle enable signal provided through any one of the plurality of pads, and the stack information process circuit is configured to receive the stack information provided through DQ pads among the plurality of pads based on an address cycle enable signal provided through another pad among the plurality of pads. 11. The semiconductor device of claim 9, wherein the data path comprises:
an input buffer configured to receive the data signal to generate an internal data signal; and a data delay circuit configured to delay and output the internal data signal by a time changed based on an output from the to delay control circuit. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 9, wherein the strobe path comprises:
an input buffer configured to receive the data strobe signal to is generate an internal strobe signal; and
a strobe delay circuit configured to delay and output the internal strobe signal by a time changed based on an output from the delay control circuit. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 9, wherein the delay control circuit is configured to generate a first delay control code and a second delay control code having a value opposite to that of the first delay control code, and
the delay control circuit is configured to control the delay times of the data path and the strobe path in an inversely proportional relation using the first and second delay control codes. 14. A semiconductor system comprising:
a semiconductor device including a plurality of stacked dies electrically connected with each other, wherein each of the stacked dies is configured to control a delay time of a data path for transmitting a data signal and a delay time of a strobe path for transmitting a data strobe signal based on stack information representing a number of the stacked dies; and to a controller configured to provide the semiconductor device with the stack information. 15. The semiconductor system of claim 14, wherein the controller is configured to receive the stack information through spare is pads among pads of the semiconductor device. 16. The semiconductor system of claim 14, wherein the semiconductor device comprises a delay control circuit configured to control the delay time of at least one of the data path and the strobe path based on the stack information. 17. The semiconductor system of claim 14, wherein the controller is configured to provide the semiconductor device with the stack information as an address signal based on a stack information write command. 18. The semiconductor system of claim 17, wherein the semiconductor device comprises:
a delay control circuit configured to control the delay time of at least one of the data path and the strobe path based on the stack information; and a stack information process circuit configured to receive the stack information as the address signal and to provide the delay control circuit with the received stack information. 19. The semiconductor system of claim 18, wherein the stack information process circuit is configured to recognize the stack information write command based on a command cycle enable signal provided through any one of the pads, and
the stack information process circuit is configured to receive the stack information provided through DQ pads among the pads based on an address cycle enable signal provided through another pad among the pads. | A semiconductor device includes a plurality of stacked dies electrically connected with each other. Each of the stacked dies includes a data path, a strobe path, a stack information generation circuit, and a delay control circuit. The data path transmits a data signal. The strobe path transmits a data strobe signal. The stack information generation circuit generates stack information representing a number of the dies. The delay control circuit controls a delay time of at least one of the data path and the strobe path to based on the stack information.1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a plurality of stacked dies electrically connected with each other, wherein each of the stacked dies comprises: a data path configured to transmit a data signal; a strobe path configured to transmit a data strobe signal; a stack information generation circuit configured to generate stack information representing a number of the stacked to dies; and a delay control circuit configured to control a delay time of at least one of the data path and the strobe path based on the stack information. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the stack information generation circuit comprises at least one pad of the semiconductor device. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein the at least one pad comprises a pad that is not used in a normal mode of the semiconductor device. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the stack information generation circuit comprises at least one pad of the semiconductor device, wherein the at least one pad is bonded to any one of a power voltage terminal and a ground voltage terminal based on the number of the stacked dies. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the stack information generation circuit comprises a fuse set programmed based on a value of the stack information. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the data path comprises:
to an input buffer configured to receive the data signal to generate an internal data signal; and a data delay circuit configured to delay and output the internal data signal by a time changed based on an output from the delay control circuit. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the strobe path comprises:
an input buffer configured to receive the data strobe signal to generate an internal strobe signal; and
a strobe delay circuit configured to delay and output the internal strobe signal by a time changed based on an output from the delay control circuit. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the delay control circuit is configured to generate a first delay control code and a second delay control code having a value opposite to that of the first delay control code, and
the delay control circuit is configured to control the delay times of the data path and the strobe path in an inversely proportional relation using the first and second delay control codes. 9. A semiconductor device comprising:
a plurality of stacked dies electrically connected with each other, wherein each of the stacked dies comprises: to a data path configured to transmit a data signal; a strobe path configured to transmit a data strobe signal; a delay control circuit configured to control a delay time of at least one of the data path and the strobe path based on stack information representing a number of the stacked dies; and a stack information process circuit configured to receive the stack information as an address signal and to provide the delay control circuit with the received stack information. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 9, wherein the semiconductor device comprises a plurality of pads,
the stack information process circuit is configured to recognize a stack information write command based on a command cycle enable signal provided through any one of the plurality of pads, and the stack information process circuit is configured to receive the stack information provided through DQ pads among the plurality of pads based on an address cycle enable signal provided through another pad among the plurality of pads. 11. The semiconductor device of claim 9, wherein the data path comprises:
an input buffer configured to receive the data signal to generate an internal data signal; and a data delay circuit configured to delay and output the internal data signal by a time changed based on an output from the to delay control circuit. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 9, wherein the strobe path comprises:
an input buffer configured to receive the data strobe signal to is generate an internal strobe signal; and
a strobe delay circuit configured to delay and output the internal strobe signal by a time changed based on an output from the delay control circuit. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 9, wherein the delay control circuit is configured to generate a first delay control code and a second delay control code having a value opposite to that of the first delay control code, and
the delay control circuit is configured to control the delay times of the data path and the strobe path in an inversely proportional relation using the first and second delay control codes. 14. A semiconductor system comprising:
a semiconductor device including a plurality of stacked dies electrically connected with each other, wherein each of the stacked dies is configured to control a delay time of a data path for transmitting a data signal and a delay time of a strobe path for transmitting a data strobe signal based on stack information representing a number of the stacked dies; and to a controller configured to provide the semiconductor device with the stack information. 15. The semiconductor system of claim 14, wherein the controller is configured to receive the stack information through spare is pads among pads of the semiconductor device. 16. The semiconductor system of claim 14, wherein the semiconductor device comprises a delay control circuit configured to control the delay time of at least one of the data path and the strobe path based on the stack information. 17. The semiconductor system of claim 14, wherein the controller is configured to provide the semiconductor device with the stack information as an address signal based on a stack information write command. 18. The semiconductor system of claim 17, wherein the semiconductor device comprises:
a delay control circuit configured to control the delay time of at least one of the data path and the strobe path based on the stack information; and a stack information process circuit configured to receive the stack information as the address signal and to provide the delay control circuit with the received stack information. 19. The semiconductor system of claim 18, wherein the stack information process circuit is configured to recognize the stack information write command based on a command cycle enable signal provided through any one of the pads, and
the stack information process circuit is configured to receive the stack information provided through DQ pads among the pads based on an address cycle enable signal provided through another pad among the pads. | 1,600 |
349,239 | 16,806,818 | 1,634 | A pressure-sensitive sensor, includes a hollow tubular member including an elastic insulating material; and n electrode wires (n being an integer of not less than 3) arranged away from one another and held inside the tubular member, wherein when an external pressure is applied to the tubular member, the tubular member elastically deforms such that at least two of the n electrode wires contact with each other, and wherein the n electrode wires extend linearly and parallel to a central axis of the tubular member. | 1. A pressure-sensitive sensor, comprising:
a hollow tubular member comprising an elastic insulating material; and n electrode wires (n being an integer of not less than 3) arranged away from one another and held inside the tubular member, wherein when an external pressure is applied to the tubular member, the tubular member elastically deforms such that at least two of the n electrode wires contact with each other, and wherein the n electrode wires extend linearly and parallel to a central axis of the tubular member. | A pressure-sensitive sensor, includes a hollow tubular member including an elastic insulating material; and n electrode wires (n being an integer of not less than 3) arranged away from one another and held inside the tubular member, wherein when an external pressure is applied to the tubular member, the tubular member elastically deforms such that at least two of the n electrode wires contact with each other, and wherein the n electrode wires extend linearly and parallel to a central axis of the tubular member.1. A pressure-sensitive sensor, comprising:
a hollow tubular member comprising an elastic insulating material; and n electrode wires (n being an integer of not less than 3) arranged away from one another and held inside the tubular member, wherein when an external pressure is applied to the tubular member, the tubular member elastically deforms such that at least two of the n electrode wires contact with each other, and wherein the n electrode wires extend linearly and parallel to a central axis of the tubular member. | 1,600 |
349,240 | 16,806,823 | 2,699 | A printed document client receives a first print stream for a soft copy document, determines whether one or more conditions for adding a graphical symbol to the printed document are satisfied, and when the one or more conditions for adding the graphical symbol to the printed document are satisfied, adds the graphical symbol to the first print stream to generate a second print stream that includes the graphical symbol, and outputs the second print stream to a printer so the graphical symbol is printed on the printed document corresponding to the soft copy document. The printed document can be a hard copy document or a soft copy document generated from the second print stream. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processor; a memory coupled to the at least one processor; and a printed document client residing in the memory and executed by the at least one processor, the printed document client:
receiving a first print stream for a soft copy document;
determining whether at least one specified condition for adding a graphical symbol to a printed document is satisfied;
when the at least one specified condition for adding the graphical symbol to the printed document is satisfied:
adding the graphical symbol to the first print stream to generate a second print stream that includes the graphical symbol; and
outputting the second print stream to a printer so the graphical symbol is on the printed document corresponding to the soft copy document. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein, when the at least one specified condition for adding the graphical symbol to the printed document is not satisfied, sending the first print stream to the printer so the printed document corresponding to the soft copy document does not include any graphical symbol corresponding to a print event that generated the first print stream. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein, when the at least one specified condition for adding the graphical symbol to the printed document is satisfied, generating the graphical symbol from print event data corresponding to a print event that generated the first print stream. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the at least one condition for adding the graphical symbol comprises at least one characteristic of the soft copy document. 5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the at least one characteristic of the soft copy document comprises at least one of:
file type;
file timestamp;
file document type;
file tag; and
whether the file is or is not in a document repository. 6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the at least one condition for adding the graphical symbol comprises at least one characteristic of a user printing the soft copy document. 7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the at least one characteristic of a user printing the soft copy document comprises at least one of:
user role;
user security level; and
user tag. 8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the at least one condition for adding the graphical symbol comprises at least one characteristic of the apparatus executing the printed document client. 9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the at least one characteristic of the apparatus executing the printed document client comprises at least one of:
apparatus location;
apparatus security level; and
apparatus tag. 10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the at least one condition for adding the graphical symbol comprises at least one characteristic of a computer system of which the apparatus is part. 11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the at least one characteristic of a computer system of which the apparatus is part comprises at least one of:
system status; and
administrator enable or disable of the printed document client. 12. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processor; a memory coupled to the at least one processor; and a printed document client residing in the memory and executed by the at least one processor, the printed document client:
receiving a first print stream for a soft copy document;
determining whether at least one specified condition for adding a graphical symbol to a printed document is satisfied, wherein the at least one specified conditions comprises at least one of:
a characteristic of the soft copy document;
a characteristic of a user printing the soft copy document;
a characteristic of the apparatus executing the printed document client; and
a characteristic of a computer system of which the apparatus is part;
when the at least one specified condition for adding the graphical symbol to the printed document is satisfied:
adding the graphical symbol to the first print stream to generate a second print stream that includes the graphical symbol; and
outputting the second print stream to a printer so the graphical symbol is printed on the printed document corresponding to the soft copy document;
when the at least one specified condition for adding the graphical symbol to the printed document is not satisfied:
sending the first print stream to the printer so the printed document corresponding to the soft copy document does not include the graphical symbol. 13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein:
the characteristic of the soft copy document comprises at least one of:
file type;
file timestamp;
file document type;
file tag; and
whether the file is or is not in a document repository;
the characteristic of a user printing the soft copy document comprises at least one of:
user role;
user security level; and
user tag;
the characteristic of the apparatus executing the printed document client comprises at least one of:
apparatus location;
apparatus security level; and
apparatus tag;
the characteristic of a computer system of which the apparatus is part comprises at least one of:
system status; and
administrator enable or disable of the printed document client. 14. A computer-implemented method executed by at least one processor for printing documents, the method comprising:
receiving a first print stream for a soft copy document; determining whether at least one specified condition for adding the graphical symbol to a printed document is satisfied; when the at least one specified condition for adding the graphical symbol to the printed document is satisfied:
adding the graphical symbol to the first print stream to generate a second print stream that includes the graphical symbol; and
outputting the second print stream to a printer so the graphical symbol is printed on the printed document corresponding to the soft copy document. 15. The method of claim 14 further comprising:
when the at least one specified condition for adding the graphical symbol to the printed document is not satisfied, sending the first print stream to the printer so the printed document corresponding to the soft copy document does not include any graphical symbol corresponding to a print event that generated the first print stream. 16. The method of claim 14 wherein when the at least one specified condition for adding the graphical symbol to the printed document is satisfied, generating the graphical symbol from print event data corresponding to a print event that generated the first print stream. 17. The method of claim 14 wherein the at least one condition for adding the graphical symbol comprises at least one characteristic of the soft copy document. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the at least one characteristic of the soft copy document comprises at least one of:
file type;
file timestamp;
file document type;
file tag; and
whether the file is or is not in a document repository. 19. The method of claim 14 wherein the at least one condition for adding the graphical symbol comprises at least one characteristic of a user printing the soft copy document. 20. The method of claim 19 wherein the at least one characteristic of a user printing the soft copy document comprises at least one of:
user role;
user security level; and
user tag. 21. The method of claim 14 wherein the at least one condition for adding the graphical symbol comprises at least one characteristic of a computer system executing the printed document client. 22. The method of claim 21 wherein the at least one characteristic of the computer system executing the printed document client comprises at least one of:
computer system location;
computer system security level; and
computer system tag. 23. The method of claim 14 wherein the at least one condition for adding the graphical symbol comprises at least one characteristic of a computer system of which the computer system executing a printed document client is part. 24. The method of claim 23 wherein the at least one characteristic of a computer system of which computer system executing the printed document client is part comprises at least one of:
system status; and
administrator enable or disable of the printed document client. | A printed document client receives a first print stream for a soft copy document, determines whether one or more conditions for adding a graphical symbol to the printed document are satisfied, and when the one or more conditions for adding the graphical symbol to the printed document are satisfied, adds the graphical symbol to the first print stream to generate a second print stream that includes the graphical symbol, and outputs the second print stream to a printer so the graphical symbol is printed on the printed document corresponding to the soft copy document. The printed document can be a hard copy document or a soft copy document generated from the second print stream.1. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processor; a memory coupled to the at least one processor; and a printed document client residing in the memory and executed by the at least one processor, the printed document client:
receiving a first print stream for a soft copy document;
determining whether at least one specified condition for adding a graphical symbol to a printed document is satisfied;
when the at least one specified condition for adding the graphical symbol to the printed document is satisfied:
adding the graphical symbol to the first print stream to generate a second print stream that includes the graphical symbol; and
outputting the second print stream to a printer so the graphical symbol is on the printed document corresponding to the soft copy document. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein, when the at least one specified condition for adding the graphical symbol to the printed document is not satisfied, sending the first print stream to the printer so the printed document corresponding to the soft copy document does not include any graphical symbol corresponding to a print event that generated the first print stream. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein, when the at least one specified condition for adding the graphical symbol to the printed document is satisfied, generating the graphical symbol from print event data corresponding to a print event that generated the first print stream. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the at least one condition for adding the graphical symbol comprises at least one characteristic of the soft copy document. 5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the at least one characteristic of the soft copy document comprises at least one of:
file type;
file timestamp;
file document type;
file tag; and
whether the file is or is not in a document repository. 6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the at least one condition for adding the graphical symbol comprises at least one characteristic of a user printing the soft copy document. 7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the at least one characteristic of a user printing the soft copy document comprises at least one of:
user role;
user security level; and
user tag. 8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the at least one condition for adding the graphical symbol comprises at least one characteristic of the apparatus executing the printed document client. 9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the at least one characteristic of the apparatus executing the printed document client comprises at least one of:
apparatus location;
apparatus security level; and
apparatus tag. 10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the at least one condition for adding the graphical symbol comprises at least one characteristic of a computer system of which the apparatus is part. 11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the at least one characteristic of a computer system of which the apparatus is part comprises at least one of:
system status; and
administrator enable or disable of the printed document client. 12. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processor; a memory coupled to the at least one processor; and a printed document client residing in the memory and executed by the at least one processor, the printed document client:
receiving a first print stream for a soft copy document;
determining whether at least one specified condition for adding a graphical symbol to a printed document is satisfied, wherein the at least one specified conditions comprises at least one of:
a characteristic of the soft copy document;
a characteristic of a user printing the soft copy document;
a characteristic of the apparatus executing the printed document client; and
a characteristic of a computer system of which the apparatus is part;
when the at least one specified condition for adding the graphical symbol to the printed document is satisfied:
adding the graphical symbol to the first print stream to generate a second print stream that includes the graphical symbol; and
outputting the second print stream to a printer so the graphical symbol is printed on the printed document corresponding to the soft copy document;
when the at least one specified condition for adding the graphical symbol to the printed document is not satisfied:
sending the first print stream to the printer so the printed document corresponding to the soft copy document does not include the graphical symbol. 13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein:
the characteristic of the soft copy document comprises at least one of:
file type;
file timestamp;
file document type;
file tag; and
whether the file is or is not in a document repository;
the characteristic of a user printing the soft copy document comprises at least one of:
user role;
user security level; and
user tag;
the characteristic of the apparatus executing the printed document client comprises at least one of:
apparatus location;
apparatus security level; and
apparatus tag;
the characteristic of a computer system of which the apparatus is part comprises at least one of:
system status; and
administrator enable or disable of the printed document client. 14. A computer-implemented method executed by at least one processor for printing documents, the method comprising:
receiving a first print stream for a soft copy document; determining whether at least one specified condition for adding the graphical symbol to a printed document is satisfied; when the at least one specified condition for adding the graphical symbol to the printed document is satisfied:
adding the graphical symbol to the first print stream to generate a second print stream that includes the graphical symbol; and
outputting the second print stream to a printer so the graphical symbol is printed on the printed document corresponding to the soft copy document. 15. The method of claim 14 further comprising:
when the at least one specified condition for adding the graphical symbol to the printed document is not satisfied, sending the first print stream to the printer so the printed document corresponding to the soft copy document does not include any graphical symbol corresponding to a print event that generated the first print stream. 16. The method of claim 14 wherein when the at least one specified condition for adding the graphical symbol to the printed document is satisfied, generating the graphical symbol from print event data corresponding to a print event that generated the first print stream. 17. The method of claim 14 wherein the at least one condition for adding the graphical symbol comprises at least one characteristic of the soft copy document. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the at least one characteristic of the soft copy document comprises at least one of:
file type;
file timestamp;
file document type;
file tag; and
whether the file is or is not in a document repository. 19. The method of claim 14 wherein the at least one condition for adding the graphical symbol comprises at least one characteristic of a user printing the soft copy document. 20. The method of claim 19 wherein the at least one characteristic of a user printing the soft copy document comprises at least one of:
user role;
user security level; and
user tag. 21. The method of claim 14 wherein the at least one condition for adding the graphical symbol comprises at least one characteristic of a computer system executing the printed document client. 22. The method of claim 21 wherein the at least one characteristic of the computer system executing the printed document client comprises at least one of:
computer system location;
computer system security level; and
computer system tag. 23. The method of claim 14 wherein the at least one condition for adding the graphical symbol comprises at least one characteristic of a computer system of which the computer system executing a printed document client is part. 24. The method of claim 23 wherein the at least one characteristic of a computer system of which computer system executing the printed document client is part comprises at least one of:
system status; and
administrator enable or disable of the printed document client. | 2,600 |
349,241 | 16,806,799 | 3,724 | A cutting tool with a plurality of cutting elements connected to a support structure wherein a portion of the support structure is configured to flex or bend based on the rotational frequency of the cutting tool. The rotational frequency of the cutting tool is a product of the design and composition of the tool. | 1. A cutting tool comprising:
a centralized shaft having a central axis with a first end and a second end wherein the first end is configured to connect to a rotational element such that the cutting tool is rotatable about the central axis at a rotational frequency; a resiliently compliant support element connected to the centralized shaft wherein the resiliently compliant support element moves in correlation to the rotational frequency at a preferred resonance frequency; and; a cutting element connected to at least a portion of the resiliently compliant support element wherein the cutting element produces a hammering effect as a result of movement from the resiliently compliant support element. 2. The cutting tool of claim 1, comprising a plurality of resiliently compliant support elements wherein each of the plurality of resiliently compliant support elements extend radially outward from the central axis such that they are elongated elements having a first portion connected to the centralized shaft and a second portion, and wherein each of the plurality of resiliently compliant support elements rest in a resting plane when not rotating and where each of the plurality of resiliently compliant support elements flex out of plane when rotating; and
a plurality of cutting elements wherein each of the plurality of cutting elements corresponds to at least one of the plurality of resiliently compliant support elements and is connected to the second portion thereof. 3. The cutting tool of claim 2, wherein each of the plurality of resiliently compliant support elements comprises a secondary flex element interconnected between at least two of the cutting elements. 4. The cutting tool of claim 3, wherein the secondary flex element is selected from a group of shapes consisting of, βVβ shaped, βUβ shaped, and straight. 5. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein the cutting tool is manufactured from a material selected from a group consisting of steel, titanium, composite, nickel-based alloy, metal matrix composite, carbide-reinforced alloy, bulk metallic glass, amorphous metal, tungsten, niobium, vanadium, and molybdenum. 6. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein the elongated shaft has a bore hole that extends through the shaft running along the central axis from the first end to the second end. 7. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein the cutting tool is selected from a group consisting of saw blade, coring blade, rock drilling bit, and a chainsaw. 8. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein the resiliently compliant support element has a vibrational mode based on the geometry of the tool. 9. The cutting tool of claim 8, wherein the vibrational mode is a traveling wave pattern. 10. The cutting tool of claim 8, wherein the vibrational mode is an arched cross sectional pattern. 11. The cutting tool of claim 8, wherein the vibrational mode is a traveling wave pattern. 12. The cutting tool of claim 8, wherein the vibrational mode is a V-shaped cross sectional pattern. 13. The cutting tool of claim 8, wherein the vibrational mode is a horizontal plane cross sectional pattern. 14. The cutting tool of claim 8, wherein the vibrational mode is angled wave cross sectional pattern. 15. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein the cutting tool is a self-hammering cutting tool. 16. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein the cutting element is made from a metal matrix composite. 17. The cutting tool of claim 1, further comprising a strain gage disposed on resiliently compliant support element and electronically connected to an output device wherein an applied force on the resiliently compliant support element will generate a strain or stress signal, and wherein the strain or stress signal is transmitted from the strain gage to the output device. 18. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein the tool is adapted to cut through a material selected from a group consisting of rock, dirt, oil, oil sands, wood, ice, metal, ice and rock, cement, and composite. 19. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein the tool is adapted for use in an industry selected from a group consisting of mining, oil extraction, gas extraction, ore mining, rock cutting, construction, ice cutting, and machining. 20. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein the cutting tool is produced using additive manufacturing. 21. The cutting tool of claim 20, wherein the cutting tool is heat treated after manufacturing to strengthen the tool. 22. The cutting tool of claim 1, further comprising a coating on a cutting surface of the cutting element wherein the coating provides an additional hardening element to the surface of the cutting element. 23. The cutting tool of claim 1, further comprising an additional mass connected to a portion of the cutting element, wherein the additional mass operates to alter the preferred resonance frequency of the tool. 24. The cutting tool of claim 23, wherein the additional mass is a carbide bit. | A cutting tool with a plurality of cutting elements connected to a support structure wherein a portion of the support structure is configured to flex or bend based on the rotational frequency of the cutting tool. The rotational frequency of the cutting tool is a product of the design and composition of the tool.1. A cutting tool comprising:
a centralized shaft having a central axis with a first end and a second end wherein the first end is configured to connect to a rotational element such that the cutting tool is rotatable about the central axis at a rotational frequency; a resiliently compliant support element connected to the centralized shaft wherein the resiliently compliant support element moves in correlation to the rotational frequency at a preferred resonance frequency; and; a cutting element connected to at least a portion of the resiliently compliant support element wherein the cutting element produces a hammering effect as a result of movement from the resiliently compliant support element. 2. The cutting tool of claim 1, comprising a plurality of resiliently compliant support elements wherein each of the plurality of resiliently compliant support elements extend radially outward from the central axis such that they are elongated elements having a first portion connected to the centralized shaft and a second portion, and wherein each of the plurality of resiliently compliant support elements rest in a resting plane when not rotating and where each of the plurality of resiliently compliant support elements flex out of plane when rotating; and
a plurality of cutting elements wherein each of the plurality of cutting elements corresponds to at least one of the plurality of resiliently compliant support elements and is connected to the second portion thereof. 3. The cutting tool of claim 2, wherein each of the plurality of resiliently compliant support elements comprises a secondary flex element interconnected between at least two of the cutting elements. 4. The cutting tool of claim 3, wherein the secondary flex element is selected from a group of shapes consisting of, βVβ shaped, βUβ shaped, and straight. 5. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein the cutting tool is manufactured from a material selected from a group consisting of steel, titanium, composite, nickel-based alloy, metal matrix composite, carbide-reinforced alloy, bulk metallic glass, amorphous metal, tungsten, niobium, vanadium, and molybdenum. 6. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein the elongated shaft has a bore hole that extends through the shaft running along the central axis from the first end to the second end. 7. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein the cutting tool is selected from a group consisting of saw blade, coring blade, rock drilling bit, and a chainsaw. 8. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein the resiliently compliant support element has a vibrational mode based on the geometry of the tool. 9. The cutting tool of claim 8, wherein the vibrational mode is a traveling wave pattern. 10. The cutting tool of claim 8, wherein the vibrational mode is an arched cross sectional pattern. 11. The cutting tool of claim 8, wherein the vibrational mode is a traveling wave pattern. 12. The cutting tool of claim 8, wherein the vibrational mode is a V-shaped cross sectional pattern. 13. The cutting tool of claim 8, wherein the vibrational mode is a horizontal plane cross sectional pattern. 14. The cutting tool of claim 8, wherein the vibrational mode is angled wave cross sectional pattern. 15. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein the cutting tool is a self-hammering cutting tool. 16. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein the cutting element is made from a metal matrix composite. 17. The cutting tool of claim 1, further comprising a strain gage disposed on resiliently compliant support element and electronically connected to an output device wherein an applied force on the resiliently compliant support element will generate a strain or stress signal, and wherein the strain or stress signal is transmitted from the strain gage to the output device. 18. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein the tool is adapted to cut through a material selected from a group consisting of rock, dirt, oil, oil sands, wood, ice, metal, ice and rock, cement, and composite. 19. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein the tool is adapted for use in an industry selected from a group consisting of mining, oil extraction, gas extraction, ore mining, rock cutting, construction, ice cutting, and machining. 20. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein the cutting tool is produced using additive manufacturing. 21. The cutting tool of claim 20, wherein the cutting tool is heat treated after manufacturing to strengthen the tool. 22. The cutting tool of claim 1, further comprising a coating on a cutting surface of the cutting element wherein the coating provides an additional hardening element to the surface of the cutting element. 23. The cutting tool of claim 1, further comprising an additional mass connected to a portion of the cutting element, wherein the additional mass operates to alter the preferred resonance frequency of the tool. 24. The cutting tool of claim 23, wherein the additional mass is a carbide bit. | 3,700 |
349,242 | 16,806,794 | 3,724 | The present technology discloses systems, methods, and computer-readable media to establish at least one target for a network, the target including at least one of an ingress parameter or an egress parameter and a policy for network packets; receive at least one network packet on the network; search for at least one matching target from the at least one targets, the at least matching target comprising parameters that match the at least one network packet; apply a policy in the at least one matching target to the at least one network packet; and forward the at least one network packet in accordance with the policy. | 1. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising computer-readable instructions stored thereon, which when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
establish at least one target for a network, the at least one target including:
at least one of an ingress parameter or an egress parameter, and
a policy for network packets;
receive at least one network packet on the network; search for at least one matching target from the at least one targets, the at least one matching target comprising parameters that match the at least one network packet; apply a policy in the at least one matching target to the at least one network packet; and forward the at least one network packet in accordance with the policy. 2. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the at least one ingress parameter or the at least one egress parameter is one of a virtual private network, a user policy group, a device policy group, or a wild card, wherein a wild card matches any network packet. 3. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the at least one ingress parameter or the at least one egress parameter is a range of parameters. 4. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, execution of the computer-readable instructions further causing the one or more processors to:
receive specification of the at least one target from a user. 5. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein
there are at least two matching targets, and execution of the computer-readable instructions further causing the one or more processors to apply at least two policies to the at least one network packet in a defined sequence. 6. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 5, wherein the defined sequence moves from a highest-level ingress parameter matching target policy to a lowest-level ingress parameter matching target policy to a lowest-level egress parameter matching target policy to a highest-level egress parameter matching target policy, the level of a parameter matching target policy determined by it being a superset or subset relative to other matching target policies. 7. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, execution of the computer-readable instructions further causing the one or more processors to:
search sequentially for the at least one matching target from the at least one targets. 8. A method comprising:
establishing at least one target for a network, the target including:
at least one of an ingress parameter or an egress parameter, and
a policy for network packets;
receiving at least one network packet on the network; searching for at least one matching target from the at least one targets, the at least one matching target comprising parameters that match the at least one network packet; applying a policy in the at least one matching target to the at least one network packet; and forwarding the at least one network packet in accordance with the policy. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the at least one ingress parameter or the at least one egress parameter is one of a virtual private network, a user policy group, a device policy group, or a wild card, wherein a wild card matches any network packet. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the at least one ingress parameter or the at least one egress parameter is a range of parameters. 11. The method of claim 8, the method further comprising:
receiving specification of the at least one target from a user. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein there are at least two matching targets, the method further comprising:
applying at least two policies to the at least one network packet in a defined sequence. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the defined sequence goes from a highest-level ingress parameter matching target policy to a lowest-level ingress parameter matching target policy to a lowest-level egress parameter matching target policy to a highest-level egress parameter matching target policy, the level of a parameter matching target policy determined by the parameter being a superset or a subset relative to other matching target policies. 14. The method of claim 8, the method further comprising:
searching sequentially for the at least one matching target from the at least one targets. 15. A device comprising:
memory having computer-readable instructions stored therein; and one or more processors configured to execute computer-readable instructions to:
establish at least one target for a network, the target including:
at least one of an ingress parameter or an egress parameter, and
a policy for network packets;
receive at least one network packet on the network;
search for at least one matching target from the at least one targets, the at least one matching target comprising parameters that match the at least one network packet;
apply a policy in the at least one matching target to the at least one network packet; and
forward the at least one network packet in accordance with the policy. 16. The device of claim 15, wherein the at least one ingress parameter or the at least one egress parameter is one of a virtual private network, a user policy group, a device policy group, or a wild card, wherein a wild card matches any network packet, or the at least one ingress parameter or the at least one egress parameter is a range of parameters. 17. The device of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the computer-readable instructions to:
receive specification of the at least one target from a user. 18. The device of claim 15, wherein there are at least two matching targets, the instructions further effective to cause the processor to:
apply at least two policies to the at least one network packet in a defined sequence. 19. The device of claim 18, wherein the defined sequence goes from a highest-level ingress parameter matching target policy to a lowest-level ingress parameter matching target policy to a lowest-level egress parameter matching target policy to a highest-level egress parameter matching target policy, the level of a parameter matching target policy determined by the parameter being a superset or a subset relative to other matching target policies. 20. The device of claim 15, the instructions further effective to cause the processor to:
search sequentially for the at least one matching target from the at least one targets. | The present technology discloses systems, methods, and computer-readable media to establish at least one target for a network, the target including at least one of an ingress parameter or an egress parameter and a policy for network packets; receive at least one network packet on the network; search for at least one matching target from the at least one targets, the at least matching target comprising parameters that match the at least one network packet; apply a policy in the at least one matching target to the at least one network packet; and forward the at least one network packet in accordance with the policy.1. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising computer-readable instructions stored thereon, which when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
establish at least one target for a network, the at least one target including:
at least one of an ingress parameter or an egress parameter, and
a policy for network packets;
receive at least one network packet on the network; search for at least one matching target from the at least one targets, the at least one matching target comprising parameters that match the at least one network packet; apply a policy in the at least one matching target to the at least one network packet; and forward the at least one network packet in accordance with the policy. 2. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the at least one ingress parameter or the at least one egress parameter is one of a virtual private network, a user policy group, a device policy group, or a wild card, wherein a wild card matches any network packet. 3. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the at least one ingress parameter or the at least one egress parameter is a range of parameters. 4. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, execution of the computer-readable instructions further causing the one or more processors to:
receive specification of the at least one target from a user. 5. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein
there are at least two matching targets, and execution of the computer-readable instructions further causing the one or more processors to apply at least two policies to the at least one network packet in a defined sequence. 6. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 5, wherein the defined sequence moves from a highest-level ingress parameter matching target policy to a lowest-level ingress parameter matching target policy to a lowest-level egress parameter matching target policy to a highest-level egress parameter matching target policy, the level of a parameter matching target policy determined by it being a superset or subset relative to other matching target policies. 7. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, execution of the computer-readable instructions further causing the one or more processors to:
search sequentially for the at least one matching target from the at least one targets. 8. A method comprising:
establishing at least one target for a network, the target including:
at least one of an ingress parameter or an egress parameter, and
a policy for network packets;
receiving at least one network packet on the network; searching for at least one matching target from the at least one targets, the at least one matching target comprising parameters that match the at least one network packet; applying a policy in the at least one matching target to the at least one network packet; and forwarding the at least one network packet in accordance with the policy. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the at least one ingress parameter or the at least one egress parameter is one of a virtual private network, a user policy group, a device policy group, or a wild card, wherein a wild card matches any network packet. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the at least one ingress parameter or the at least one egress parameter is a range of parameters. 11. The method of claim 8, the method further comprising:
receiving specification of the at least one target from a user. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein there are at least two matching targets, the method further comprising:
applying at least two policies to the at least one network packet in a defined sequence. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the defined sequence goes from a highest-level ingress parameter matching target policy to a lowest-level ingress parameter matching target policy to a lowest-level egress parameter matching target policy to a highest-level egress parameter matching target policy, the level of a parameter matching target policy determined by the parameter being a superset or a subset relative to other matching target policies. 14. The method of claim 8, the method further comprising:
searching sequentially for the at least one matching target from the at least one targets. 15. A device comprising:
memory having computer-readable instructions stored therein; and one or more processors configured to execute computer-readable instructions to:
establish at least one target for a network, the target including:
at least one of an ingress parameter or an egress parameter, and
a policy for network packets;
receive at least one network packet on the network;
search for at least one matching target from the at least one targets, the at least one matching target comprising parameters that match the at least one network packet;
apply a policy in the at least one matching target to the at least one network packet; and
forward the at least one network packet in accordance with the policy. 16. The device of claim 15, wherein the at least one ingress parameter or the at least one egress parameter is one of a virtual private network, a user policy group, a device policy group, or a wild card, wherein a wild card matches any network packet, or the at least one ingress parameter or the at least one egress parameter is a range of parameters. 17. The device of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the computer-readable instructions to:
receive specification of the at least one target from a user. 18. The device of claim 15, wherein there are at least two matching targets, the instructions further effective to cause the processor to:
apply at least two policies to the at least one network packet in a defined sequence. 19. The device of claim 18, wherein the defined sequence goes from a highest-level ingress parameter matching target policy to a lowest-level ingress parameter matching target policy to a lowest-level egress parameter matching target policy to a highest-level egress parameter matching target policy, the level of a parameter matching target policy determined by the parameter being a superset or a subset relative to other matching target policies. 20. The device of claim 15, the instructions further effective to cause the processor to:
search sequentially for the at least one matching target from the at least one targets. | 3,700 |
349,243 | 16,806,804 | 1,766 | A water-based wellbore fluid may include an aqueous base fluid and a modified graphene shale inhibitor that comprises one or more substituents that are covalently bonded to graphene via a linking group. One of the one or more substituents may be a hydrocarbon group that has a number of carbon atoms in the range from 8 to 14. | 1. A water-based wellbore fluid, comprising:
an aqueous base fluid; and a modified graphene shale inhibitor that comprises one or more substituents that are covalently bonded to graphene via a linking group, wherein one of the one or more substituents is a hydrocarbon group that has a number of carbon atoms in the range from 8 to 14. 2. The water-based wellbore fluid of claim 1, wherein the linking group is one or more selected from the group consisting of an ester, an acid anhydride, and an amide. 3. The water-based wellbore fluid of claim 1, wherein the number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon group is in the range from 10 to 12. 4. The water-based wellbore fluid of claim 1, wherein the modified graphene shale inhibitor is an undecanecarboxylate-modified graphene. 5. The water-based wellbore fluid of claim 4, further comprising one or more additives selected from the group consisting of weighting agents, viscosifiers, wetting agents, corrosion inhibitors, oxygen scavengers, anti-oxidants, biocides, surfactants, dispersants, interfacial tension reducers, pH buffers, mutual solvents, and thinning agents. 6. The water-based wellbore fluid of claim 1, wherein the water-based wellbore fluid has an apparent viscosity in the range from about 10 to 35 cP. 7. The water-based wellbore fluid of claim 1, wherein the water-based wellbore fluid has a plastic viscosity in the range from about 1 to 25 cP. 8. The water-based wellbore fluid of claim 1, wherein the water-based wellbore fluid has a yield point in the range from about 2 to 15 Pa. 9. The water-based wellbore fluid of claim 1, further comprising one or more additives selected from the group consisting of weighting agents, viscosifiers, wetting agents, corrosion inhibitors, oxygen scavengers, anti-oxidants, biocides, surfactants, dispersants, interfacial tension reducers, pH buffers, mutual solvents, and thinning agents. 10. The water-based wellbore fluid of claim 1, wherein the water-based wellbore fluid is a water-based drilling mud. 11. A method of drilling a wellbore, the method comprising:
circulating a water-based drilling mud into the wellbore while drilling, wherein the water-based drilling mud comprises a modified graphene shale inhibitor that comprises one or more substituents that are covalently bonded to graphene via a linking group, and wherein one of the one or more substituents is a hydrocarbon group that contains a number of carbon atoms in the range from 8 to 14. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the linking group is one or more selected from the group consisting of an ester, an acid anhydride, and an amide, and
wherein the number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon group is in the range from 10 to 12. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the modified graphene shale inhibitor is an undecanecarboxylate-modified graphene. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the water-based drilling mud has one or more of the group consisting of:
an apparent viscosity in the range from about 10 to 35 cP; a plastic viscosity in the range from about 1 to 25 cP; and a yield point in the range from about 2 to 15 Pa. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the water-based drilling mud has one or more of the group consisting of:
a rolling recovery of shale cuttings of greater than 80%; and an inhibition durability recovery of greater than 85% after 6 hours. 16. A method of preparing a modified graphene shale inhibitor, the method comprising:
preparing a carboxylic acid-containing graphene oxide by oxidizing graphite; reacting the carboxylic acid-containing graphene oxide with a halogenating agent to give an acyl halide-containing graphene; and reacting the acyl halide-containing graphene with a substituent-bearing compound to give the modified graphene shale inhibitor, wherein the substituent-bearing compound contains a hydrocarbon chain and one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids, alcohols, aldehydes, amines, amides, glycols, and silanes. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the substituent-bearing compound comprises a carboxylic acid functional group. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the hydrocarbon chain contains a number of carbon atoms is in the range from 8 to 15. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the halogenating agent is a chlorinating agent. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the chlorinating agent is thionyl chloride. 21. The method of claim 16, wherein the modified graphene shale inhibitor is an undecanecarboxylate-modified graphene. 22. The method of claim 16, wherein the preparation of the carboxylic acid-containing graphene oxide comprises:
adding sodium nitrate to the graphite with stirring in an ice bath; adding multiple aliquots of an oxidizing agent to the cooled sodium nitrate and graphite mixture; adding water in a dropwise manner and heating the resulting mixture; cooling the mixture to room temperature and adding hydrogen peroxide in a dropwise manner; and centrifuging the resulting suspension. 23. The method of claim 22 wherein the preparation of the carboxylic acid-containing graphene oxide further comprises adding nitric acid after centrifugation. 24. The method of claim 16, wherein the reaction of the carboxylic acid-containing graphene oxide with the halogenating agent is performed under reflux for 12 h or more. | A water-based wellbore fluid may include an aqueous base fluid and a modified graphene shale inhibitor that comprises one or more substituents that are covalently bonded to graphene via a linking group. One of the one or more substituents may be a hydrocarbon group that has a number of carbon atoms in the range from 8 to 14.1. A water-based wellbore fluid, comprising:
an aqueous base fluid; and a modified graphene shale inhibitor that comprises one or more substituents that are covalently bonded to graphene via a linking group, wherein one of the one or more substituents is a hydrocarbon group that has a number of carbon atoms in the range from 8 to 14. 2. The water-based wellbore fluid of claim 1, wherein the linking group is one or more selected from the group consisting of an ester, an acid anhydride, and an amide. 3. The water-based wellbore fluid of claim 1, wherein the number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon group is in the range from 10 to 12. 4. The water-based wellbore fluid of claim 1, wherein the modified graphene shale inhibitor is an undecanecarboxylate-modified graphene. 5. The water-based wellbore fluid of claim 4, further comprising one or more additives selected from the group consisting of weighting agents, viscosifiers, wetting agents, corrosion inhibitors, oxygen scavengers, anti-oxidants, biocides, surfactants, dispersants, interfacial tension reducers, pH buffers, mutual solvents, and thinning agents. 6. The water-based wellbore fluid of claim 1, wherein the water-based wellbore fluid has an apparent viscosity in the range from about 10 to 35 cP. 7. The water-based wellbore fluid of claim 1, wherein the water-based wellbore fluid has a plastic viscosity in the range from about 1 to 25 cP. 8. The water-based wellbore fluid of claim 1, wherein the water-based wellbore fluid has a yield point in the range from about 2 to 15 Pa. 9. The water-based wellbore fluid of claim 1, further comprising one or more additives selected from the group consisting of weighting agents, viscosifiers, wetting agents, corrosion inhibitors, oxygen scavengers, anti-oxidants, biocides, surfactants, dispersants, interfacial tension reducers, pH buffers, mutual solvents, and thinning agents. 10. The water-based wellbore fluid of claim 1, wherein the water-based wellbore fluid is a water-based drilling mud. 11. A method of drilling a wellbore, the method comprising:
circulating a water-based drilling mud into the wellbore while drilling, wherein the water-based drilling mud comprises a modified graphene shale inhibitor that comprises one or more substituents that are covalently bonded to graphene via a linking group, and wherein one of the one or more substituents is a hydrocarbon group that contains a number of carbon atoms in the range from 8 to 14. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the linking group is one or more selected from the group consisting of an ester, an acid anhydride, and an amide, and
wherein the number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon group is in the range from 10 to 12. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the modified graphene shale inhibitor is an undecanecarboxylate-modified graphene. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the water-based drilling mud has one or more of the group consisting of:
an apparent viscosity in the range from about 10 to 35 cP; a plastic viscosity in the range from about 1 to 25 cP; and a yield point in the range from about 2 to 15 Pa. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the water-based drilling mud has one or more of the group consisting of:
a rolling recovery of shale cuttings of greater than 80%; and an inhibition durability recovery of greater than 85% after 6 hours. 16. A method of preparing a modified graphene shale inhibitor, the method comprising:
preparing a carboxylic acid-containing graphene oxide by oxidizing graphite; reacting the carboxylic acid-containing graphene oxide with a halogenating agent to give an acyl halide-containing graphene; and reacting the acyl halide-containing graphene with a substituent-bearing compound to give the modified graphene shale inhibitor, wherein the substituent-bearing compound contains a hydrocarbon chain and one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids, alcohols, aldehydes, amines, amides, glycols, and silanes. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the substituent-bearing compound comprises a carboxylic acid functional group. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the hydrocarbon chain contains a number of carbon atoms is in the range from 8 to 15. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the halogenating agent is a chlorinating agent. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the chlorinating agent is thionyl chloride. 21. The method of claim 16, wherein the modified graphene shale inhibitor is an undecanecarboxylate-modified graphene. 22. The method of claim 16, wherein the preparation of the carboxylic acid-containing graphene oxide comprises:
adding sodium nitrate to the graphite with stirring in an ice bath; adding multiple aliquots of an oxidizing agent to the cooled sodium nitrate and graphite mixture; adding water in a dropwise manner and heating the resulting mixture; cooling the mixture to room temperature and adding hydrogen peroxide in a dropwise manner; and centrifuging the resulting suspension. 23. The method of claim 22 wherein the preparation of the carboxylic acid-containing graphene oxide further comprises adding nitric acid after centrifugation. 24. The method of claim 16, wherein the reaction of the carboxylic acid-containing graphene oxide with the halogenating agent is performed under reflux for 12 h or more. | 1,700 |
349,244 | 16,806,793 | 1,766 | Embodiments are disclosed of a fan module. The fan module includes a module housing having a module inlet and a module outlet. A fan compartment matrix is positioned within the housing to move air between the module inlet and the module outlet. The fan compartment matrix includes an MΓN matrix of fan compartments, each fan compartment having an upstream side and a downstream side. A longitudinal air channel positioned between each pair of fan columns and a transverse air channel positioned between each pair of fan rows, the transverse air channel being fluidly coupled to the fan compartments between which it is positioned. A control chamber is positioned at each confluence of the at least one longitudinal air channel and the transverse air channel, the control chamber including one or more valves to control airflow between the longitudinal air channel and the transverse air channel. A fan is positioned in each fan compartment. | 1. A fan module, comprising:
a module housing having a module inlet and a module outlet; a fan compartment matrix positioned within the housing to move air between the module inlet and the module outlet, the fan compartment matrix including:
an MΓN matrix of fan compartments, M being the number of fan rows and N being the number of fan columns, each fan compartment having an upstream side, a downstream side, and valves to control flow through the upstream side, the downstream side, or both the upstream side and the downstream side;
a longitudinal air channel positioned between each pair of fan columns;
a transverse air channel positioned between each pair of fan rows, the transverse air channel being fluidly coupled to the fan compartments between which it is positioned; and
a control chamber positioned at each confluence of the at least one longitudinal air channel and the transverse air channel, the control chamber including one or more valves to control airflow between the longitudinal air channel and the transverse air channel; and
a fan positioned in each fan compartment. 2. The fan module of claim 1, further comprising a set of one or more louvers positioned over the module outlet, wherein the louvers can control the direction, the flow rate, or both the direction and flow rate, of air exiting through the module outlet. 3. The fan module of claim 1, wherein each control chamber is configurable to:
bypass its corresponding transverse channel, and direct airflow through its corresponding longitudinal air channel or block airflow through its corresponding longitudinal air channel. 4. The fan module of claim 1, wherein each control chamber is configurable to:
allow longitudinal airflow in an upstream part of the corresponding longitudinal air channel while blocking airflow into a downstream part of the corresponding longitudinal air channel, and direct airflow from the upstream part of the corresponding longitudinal air channel into the corresponding transverse air channel in both transverse directions. 5. The fan module of claim 1, wherein each control chamber is configurable to:
allow longitudinal airflow in an upstream part of the corresponding longitudinal air channel while blocking airflow into a downstream part of the corresponding longitudinal air channel, and direct airflow from the upstream part of the corresponding longitudinal air channel in only one transverse direction into the corresponding transverse air channel. 6. The fan module of claim 1, wherein each fan compartment has its upstream side fluidly coupled to the module inlet or to the transverse air channel and has its downstream side fluidly coupled to the module outlet or to the transverse air channel. 7. The fan module of claim 1, wherein there are multiple transverse air channels and each fan compartment has its upstream side and its downstream side fluidly coupled to separate ones of the multiple transverse air channels. 8. The fan module of claim 1, wherein each fan compartment includes a valve to control airflow through its upstream side, a valve to control airflow through its downstream side, or valves to control airflow through both its upstream and downstream sides. 9. The fan module of claim 6, further comprising a controller communicatively coupled to the one or more valves of the control chamber and to one or more valves of each fan compartment. 10. A system, comprising:
a compartment having therein at least one heat-generating electronic component; a fan module fluidly coupled to an interior of the compartment, the fan module comprising:
a module housing having a module inlet and a module outlet;
a fan compartment matrix positioned within the housing to move air between the module inlet and the module outlet, the fan compartment matrix including:
an MΓN matrix of fan compartments, M being the number of fan rows and N being the number of fan columns, each fan compartment having an upstream side, a downstream side, and valves to control flow through the upstream side, the downstream side, or both the upstream side and the downstream side;
a longitudinal air channel positioned between each pair of fan columns;
a transverse air channel positioned between each pair of fan rows, the transverse air channel being fluidly coupled to the fan compartments between which it is positioned; and
a control chamber positioned at each confluence of a longitudinal air channel and a transverse air channel, the control chamber including one or more valves to control airflow between the longitudinal air channel and the transverse air channel; and
a fan positioned in each fan compartment. 11. The system of claim 10, further comprising a set of one or more louvers positioned over the module outlet, wherein the louvers can control the direction, the flow rate, or both the direction and flow rate, of air exiting through the module outlet. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein each control chamber is configurable to:
bypass its corresponding transverse channel, and direct airflow through its corresponding longitudinal air channel or block airflow through its corresponding longitudinal air channel. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein each control chamber is configurable to:
allow longitudinal airflow in an upstream part of the corresponding longitudinal air channel while blocking airflow into a downstream part of the corresponding longitudinal air channel, and direct airflow from the upstream part of the corresponding longitudinal air channel into the corresponding transverse air channel in both transverse directions. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein each control chamber is configurable to:
allow longitudinal airflow in an upstream part of the corresponding longitudinal air channel while blocking airflow into a downstream part of the corresponding longitudinal air channel, and direct airflow from the upstream part of the corresponding longitudinal air channel in only one transverse direction into the corresponding transverse air channel. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein each fan compartment has its upstream side fluidly coupled to the module inlet or to the transverse air channel and has its downstream side fluidly coupled to the module outlet or to the transverse air channel. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein there are multiple transverse air channels and each fan compartment has its upstream side and its downstream side fluidly coupled to separate ones of the multiple transverse air channels. 17. The system of claim 10, wherein each fan compartment includes a valve to control airflow through its upstream side, a valve to control airflow through its downstream side, or valves to control airflow through both its upstream and downstream sides. 18. The system of claim 17, further comprising a controller communicatively coupled to the one or more valves of the control chamber, to one or more valves of each fan compartment, and to at least one temperature sensor thermally coupled to a heat-generating component. 19. A process, comprising:
coupling a fan module to a compartment having therein at least one heat-generating electronic component, the fan module comprising:
a module housing having a module inlet and a module outlet,
a fan compartment matrix positioned within the housing to move air between the module inlet and the module outlet, the fan compartment matrix including:
an MΓN matrix of fan compartments, M being the number of fan rows and N being the number of fan columns, each fan compartment having an upstream side, a downstream side, and valves to control flow through the upstream side, the downstream side, or both the upstream side and the downstream side,
a longitudinal air channel positioned between each pair of fan columns,
a transverse air channel positioned between each pair of fan rows, the transverse air channel being fluidly coupled to the fan compartments between which it is positioned, and
a control chamber positioned at each confluence of a longitudinal air channel and a transverse air channel, the control chamber including one or more valves to control airflow between the longitudinal air channel and the transverse air channel, and
a fan positioned in each fan compartment;
adapting the fan module to cool the one or more heat-generating components within the compartment. 20. The process of claim 19, wherein the fan module has multiple operating modes and wherein adapting the fan module to cool the one or more heat-generating components comprises:
operating the heat generating components at maximum power; running the fan module in each operating mode, determining whether the operating mode keeps the heat-generating components below their maximum temperature, and adjusting the fan speed to optimize the power consumption. recording successful operating modes, the successful operating modes being the one that keep the heat-generating components below their maximum temperature; and operating the fan module during normal operation of the heat generating components using one or more of the successful modes. | Embodiments are disclosed of a fan module. The fan module includes a module housing having a module inlet and a module outlet. A fan compartment matrix is positioned within the housing to move air between the module inlet and the module outlet. The fan compartment matrix includes an MΓN matrix of fan compartments, each fan compartment having an upstream side and a downstream side. A longitudinal air channel positioned between each pair of fan columns and a transverse air channel positioned between each pair of fan rows, the transverse air channel being fluidly coupled to the fan compartments between which it is positioned. A control chamber is positioned at each confluence of the at least one longitudinal air channel and the transverse air channel, the control chamber including one or more valves to control airflow between the longitudinal air channel and the transverse air channel. A fan is positioned in each fan compartment.1. A fan module, comprising:
a module housing having a module inlet and a module outlet; a fan compartment matrix positioned within the housing to move air between the module inlet and the module outlet, the fan compartment matrix including:
an MΓN matrix of fan compartments, M being the number of fan rows and N being the number of fan columns, each fan compartment having an upstream side, a downstream side, and valves to control flow through the upstream side, the downstream side, or both the upstream side and the downstream side;
a longitudinal air channel positioned between each pair of fan columns;
a transverse air channel positioned between each pair of fan rows, the transverse air channel being fluidly coupled to the fan compartments between which it is positioned; and
a control chamber positioned at each confluence of the at least one longitudinal air channel and the transverse air channel, the control chamber including one or more valves to control airflow between the longitudinal air channel and the transverse air channel; and
a fan positioned in each fan compartment. 2. The fan module of claim 1, further comprising a set of one or more louvers positioned over the module outlet, wherein the louvers can control the direction, the flow rate, or both the direction and flow rate, of air exiting through the module outlet. 3. The fan module of claim 1, wherein each control chamber is configurable to:
bypass its corresponding transverse channel, and direct airflow through its corresponding longitudinal air channel or block airflow through its corresponding longitudinal air channel. 4. The fan module of claim 1, wherein each control chamber is configurable to:
allow longitudinal airflow in an upstream part of the corresponding longitudinal air channel while blocking airflow into a downstream part of the corresponding longitudinal air channel, and direct airflow from the upstream part of the corresponding longitudinal air channel into the corresponding transverse air channel in both transverse directions. 5. The fan module of claim 1, wherein each control chamber is configurable to:
allow longitudinal airflow in an upstream part of the corresponding longitudinal air channel while blocking airflow into a downstream part of the corresponding longitudinal air channel, and direct airflow from the upstream part of the corresponding longitudinal air channel in only one transverse direction into the corresponding transverse air channel. 6. The fan module of claim 1, wherein each fan compartment has its upstream side fluidly coupled to the module inlet or to the transverse air channel and has its downstream side fluidly coupled to the module outlet or to the transverse air channel. 7. The fan module of claim 1, wherein there are multiple transverse air channels and each fan compartment has its upstream side and its downstream side fluidly coupled to separate ones of the multiple transverse air channels. 8. The fan module of claim 1, wherein each fan compartment includes a valve to control airflow through its upstream side, a valve to control airflow through its downstream side, or valves to control airflow through both its upstream and downstream sides. 9. The fan module of claim 6, further comprising a controller communicatively coupled to the one or more valves of the control chamber and to one or more valves of each fan compartment. 10. A system, comprising:
a compartment having therein at least one heat-generating electronic component; a fan module fluidly coupled to an interior of the compartment, the fan module comprising:
a module housing having a module inlet and a module outlet;
a fan compartment matrix positioned within the housing to move air between the module inlet and the module outlet, the fan compartment matrix including:
an MΓN matrix of fan compartments, M being the number of fan rows and N being the number of fan columns, each fan compartment having an upstream side, a downstream side, and valves to control flow through the upstream side, the downstream side, or both the upstream side and the downstream side;
a longitudinal air channel positioned between each pair of fan columns;
a transverse air channel positioned between each pair of fan rows, the transverse air channel being fluidly coupled to the fan compartments between which it is positioned; and
a control chamber positioned at each confluence of a longitudinal air channel and a transverse air channel, the control chamber including one or more valves to control airflow between the longitudinal air channel and the transverse air channel; and
a fan positioned in each fan compartment. 11. The system of claim 10, further comprising a set of one or more louvers positioned over the module outlet, wherein the louvers can control the direction, the flow rate, or both the direction and flow rate, of air exiting through the module outlet. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein each control chamber is configurable to:
bypass its corresponding transverse channel, and direct airflow through its corresponding longitudinal air channel or block airflow through its corresponding longitudinal air channel. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein each control chamber is configurable to:
allow longitudinal airflow in an upstream part of the corresponding longitudinal air channel while blocking airflow into a downstream part of the corresponding longitudinal air channel, and direct airflow from the upstream part of the corresponding longitudinal air channel into the corresponding transverse air channel in both transverse directions. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein each control chamber is configurable to:
allow longitudinal airflow in an upstream part of the corresponding longitudinal air channel while blocking airflow into a downstream part of the corresponding longitudinal air channel, and direct airflow from the upstream part of the corresponding longitudinal air channel in only one transverse direction into the corresponding transverse air channel. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein each fan compartment has its upstream side fluidly coupled to the module inlet or to the transverse air channel and has its downstream side fluidly coupled to the module outlet or to the transverse air channel. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein there are multiple transverse air channels and each fan compartment has its upstream side and its downstream side fluidly coupled to separate ones of the multiple transverse air channels. 17. The system of claim 10, wherein each fan compartment includes a valve to control airflow through its upstream side, a valve to control airflow through its downstream side, or valves to control airflow through both its upstream and downstream sides. 18. The system of claim 17, further comprising a controller communicatively coupled to the one or more valves of the control chamber, to one or more valves of each fan compartment, and to at least one temperature sensor thermally coupled to a heat-generating component. 19. A process, comprising:
coupling a fan module to a compartment having therein at least one heat-generating electronic component, the fan module comprising:
a module housing having a module inlet and a module outlet,
a fan compartment matrix positioned within the housing to move air between the module inlet and the module outlet, the fan compartment matrix including:
an MΓN matrix of fan compartments, M being the number of fan rows and N being the number of fan columns, each fan compartment having an upstream side, a downstream side, and valves to control flow through the upstream side, the downstream side, or both the upstream side and the downstream side,
a longitudinal air channel positioned between each pair of fan columns,
a transverse air channel positioned between each pair of fan rows, the transverse air channel being fluidly coupled to the fan compartments between which it is positioned, and
a control chamber positioned at each confluence of a longitudinal air channel and a transverse air channel, the control chamber including one or more valves to control airflow between the longitudinal air channel and the transverse air channel, and
a fan positioned in each fan compartment;
adapting the fan module to cool the one or more heat-generating components within the compartment. 20. The process of claim 19, wherein the fan module has multiple operating modes and wherein adapting the fan module to cool the one or more heat-generating components comprises:
operating the heat generating components at maximum power; running the fan module in each operating mode, determining whether the operating mode keeps the heat-generating components below their maximum temperature, and adjusting the fan speed to optimize the power consumption. recording successful operating modes, the successful operating modes being the one that keep the heat-generating components below their maximum temperature; and operating the fan module during normal operation of the heat generating components using one or more of the successful modes. | 1,700 |
349,245 | 16,806,795 | 1,766 | An improved adherence monitoring system increases the efficiency for obtaining patient adherence information. The improved adherence monitoring system reduces network traffic with regards to the communication of patient adherence information. The improved adherence monitoring system automates an adherence notification pathway. The improved adherence monitoring system can increase patient adherence by increasing the efficiency of medication therapy. The improved adherence monitoring system may also increase the efficiency by which patient adherence information is disbursed. | 1. An apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the processor, cause the apparatus to at least:
receive electronically, from a healthcare provider computer, via an electronic health records (EHR) intermediary configured to aggregate healthcare transactions originating from a plurality of healthcare provider computers and a plurality of pharmacy claims processor computers, a prescription benefit check request comprising at least one of patient data, a service identifier, an identifier for a prescribed medication, or one or more prescriber data; in response to receiving the prescription benefit check request, monitor a network comprising one or more communication channels associated with the EHR intermediary to determine that a pharmacy billing request corresponding to the prescription benefit check request has been submitted to a pharmacy claims processor by matching at least one of the one or more prescriber data, the patient data or the service identifier stored on the at least one memory in association with the prescription benefit check request to that of a matching pharmacy billing response communicated over the network; in response to identifying the matching pharmacy billing response communicated via the EHR intermediary, generate a prescription fill notification response comprising at least a prescription fill date, and a pharmacy identification; and electronically direct communication of the prescription fill notification response to the healthcare provider computer, thereby notifying the healthcare provider computer of medication adherence. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the prescription benefit check request is transmitted based upon a physician selection at the healthcare provider computer. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the prescription benefit check request is a subsequent fill notification request, and wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to cause the apparatus to at least:
access one or more subsequent fill monitoring criteria comprising at least one of a request to monitor for one or more fills during a specified time period, a request to monitor for a total number of fills, or a request to monitor for one or more fills until a refill status for the prescribed medication has expired; and generate a prescription fill notification response for each subsequent fill of the prescribed medication detected based on respectively identified matching pharmacy billing responses. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to cause the apparatus to at least:
receive electronically, from the healthcare provider computer, a cancelation notice comprising notification to cancel tracking of one or more subsequent fills for the prescribed medication identified in the prescription benefit check request. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to cause the apparatus to at least:
generate, based at least upon the prescription benefit check request, one or more adherence reports based upon the prescription medication identifier for the prescribed medication, wherein an adherence report comprises at least an adherence fill rate for the prescribed medication; and electronically direct the communication of the adherence report to the EHR intermediary for distribution to the healthcare provider computer, the pharmacy claims processor computer, or the pharmacy computer. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to cause the apparatus to at least:
access a routing table stored by a service provider computer embodied by a switch or a router to identify the healthcare provider computer from which the prescription benefit check request originated. 7. A method comprising:
receiving electronically, from a healthcare provider computer, via an electronic health records (EHR) intermediary configured to aggregate healthcare transactions originating from a plurality of healthcare provider computers and a plurality of pharmacy claims processor computers, a prescription benefit check request comprising at least one of patient data, a service identifier, an identifier for a prescribed medication, or one or more prescriber data; in response to receiving the prescription benefit check request, monitoring a network comprising one or more communication channels associated with the EHR intermediary to determine that a pharmacy billing request corresponding to the prescription benefit check request has been submitted to a pharmacy claims processor by matching at least one of the one or more prescriber data, the patient data or the service identifier stored on the at least one memory in association with the prescription benefit check request to that of a matching pharmacy billing response communicated over the network; in response to identifying the matching pharmacy billing response communicated via the EHR intermediary, generating a prescription fill notification response comprising at least a prescription fill date, and a pharmacy identification; and electronically directing communication of the prescription fill notification response to the healthcare provider computer, thereby notifying the healthcare provider computer of medication adherence. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the prescription benefit check request is transmitted based upon a physician selection at the healthcare provider computer. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the prescription benefit check request is a subsequent fill notification request, and the method further comprises:
accessing one or more subsequent fill monitoring criteria comprising at least one of a request to monitor for one or more fills during a specified time period, a request to monitor for a total number of fills, or a request to monitor for one or more fills until a refill status for the prescribed medication has expired; and generating a prescription fill notification response for each subsequent fill of the prescribed medication detected based on respectively identified matching pharmacy billing responses. 10. The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
receiving electronically, from the healthcare provider computer, a cancelation notice comprising notification to cancel tracking of one or more subsequent fills for the prescribed medication identified in the prescription benefit check request. 11. The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
generating, based at least upon the prescription benefit check request, one or more adherence reports based upon the prescription medication identifier for the prescribed medication, wherein an adherence report comprises at least an adherence fill rate for the prescribed medication; and electronically directing the communication of the adherence report to the EHR intermediary for distribution to the healthcare provider computer, the pharmacy claims processor computer, or the pharmacy computer. 12. The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
accessing a routing table stored by a service provider computer embodied by a switch or a router to identify the healthcare provider computer from which the prescription benefit check request originated. 13. A computer program product comprising at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer-executable program code instructions stored therein, the computer-executable program code instructions comprising program code instructions to:
receive electronically, from a healthcare provider computer, via an electronic health records (EHR) intermediary configured to aggregate healthcare transactions originating from a plurality of healthcare provider computers and a plurality of pharmacy claims processor computers, a prescription benefit check request comprising at least one of patient data, a service identifier, an identifier for a prescribed medication, or one or more prescriber data; in response to receiving the prescription benefit check request, monitor a network comprising one or more communication channels associated with the EHR intermediary to determine that a pharmacy billing request corresponding to the prescription benefit check request has been submitted to a pharmacy claims processor by matching at least one of the one or more prescriber data, the patient data or the service identifier stored on the at least one memory in association with the prescription benefit check request to that of a matching pharmacy billing response communicated over the network; in response to identifying the matching pharmacy billing response communicated via the EHR intermediary, generate a prescription fill notification response comprising at least a prescription fill date, and a pharmacy identification; and electronically direct communication of the prescription fill notification response to the healthcare provider computer, thereby notifying the healthcare provider computer of medication adherence. 14. The computer program product according to claim 13, wherein the prescription benefit check request is transmitted based upon a physician selection at the healthcare provider computer. 15. The computer program product according to claim 13, wherein the computer-executable program code instructions further comprise program code instructions to:
access one or more subsequent fill monitoring criteria comprising at least one of a request to monitor for one or more fills during a specified time period, a request to monitor for a total number of fills, or a request to monitor for one or more fills until a refill status for the prescribed medication has expired; and generate a prescription fill notification response for each subsequent fill of the prescribed medication detected based on respectively identified matching pharmacy billing responses. 16. The computer program product according to claim 13, wherein the computer-executable program code instructions further comprise program code instructions to:
receive electronically, from the healthcare provider computer, a cancelation notice comprising notification to cancel tracking of one or more subsequent fills for the prescribed medication identified in the prescription benefit check request. 17. The computer program product according to claim 13, wherein the computer-executable program code instructions further comprise program code instructions to:
generate, based at least upon the prescription benefit check request, one or more adherence reports based upon the prescription medication identifier for the prescribed medication, wherein an adherence report comprises at least an adherence fill rate for the prescribed medication; and electronically direct the communication of the adherence report to the EHR intermediary for distribution to the healthcare provider computer, the pharmacy claims processor computer, or the pharmacy computer. 18. The computer program product according to claim 13, wherein the computer-executable program code instructions further comprise program code instructions to:
access a routing table stored by a service provider computer embodied by a switch or a router to identify the healthcare provider computer from which the prescription benefit check request originated. | An improved adherence monitoring system increases the efficiency for obtaining patient adherence information. The improved adherence monitoring system reduces network traffic with regards to the communication of patient adherence information. The improved adherence monitoring system automates an adherence notification pathway. The improved adherence monitoring system can increase patient adherence by increasing the efficiency of medication therapy. The improved adherence monitoring system may also increase the efficiency by which patient adherence information is disbursed.1. An apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the processor, cause the apparatus to at least:
receive electronically, from a healthcare provider computer, via an electronic health records (EHR) intermediary configured to aggregate healthcare transactions originating from a plurality of healthcare provider computers and a plurality of pharmacy claims processor computers, a prescription benefit check request comprising at least one of patient data, a service identifier, an identifier for a prescribed medication, or one or more prescriber data; in response to receiving the prescription benefit check request, monitor a network comprising one or more communication channels associated with the EHR intermediary to determine that a pharmacy billing request corresponding to the prescription benefit check request has been submitted to a pharmacy claims processor by matching at least one of the one or more prescriber data, the patient data or the service identifier stored on the at least one memory in association with the prescription benefit check request to that of a matching pharmacy billing response communicated over the network; in response to identifying the matching pharmacy billing response communicated via the EHR intermediary, generate a prescription fill notification response comprising at least a prescription fill date, and a pharmacy identification; and electronically direct communication of the prescription fill notification response to the healthcare provider computer, thereby notifying the healthcare provider computer of medication adherence. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the prescription benefit check request is transmitted based upon a physician selection at the healthcare provider computer. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the prescription benefit check request is a subsequent fill notification request, and wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to cause the apparatus to at least:
access one or more subsequent fill monitoring criteria comprising at least one of a request to monitor for one or more fills during a specified time period, a request to monitor for a total number of fills, or a request to monitor for one or more fills until a refill status for the prescribed medication has expired; and generate a prescription fill notification response for each subsequent fill of the prescribed medication detected based on respectively identified matching pharmacy billing responses. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to cause the apparatus to at least:
receive electronically, from the healthcare provider computer, a cancelation notice comprising notification to cancel tracking of one or more subsequent fills for the prescribed medication identified in the prescription benefit check request. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to cause the apparatus to at least:
generate, based at least upon the prescription benefit check request, one or more adherence reports based upon the prescription medication identifier for the prescribed medication, wherein an adherence report comprises at least an adherence fill rate for the prescribed medication; and electronically direct the communication of the adherence report to the EHR intermediary for distribution to the healthcare provider computer, the pharmacy claims processor computer, or the pharmacy computer. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to cause the apparatus to at least:
access a routing table stored by a service provider computer embodied by a switch or a router to identify the healthcare provider computer from which the prescription benefit check request originated. 7. A method comprising:
receiving electronically, from a healthcare provider computer, via an electronic health records (EHR) intermediary configured to aggregate healthcare transactions originating from a plurality of healthcare provider computers and a plurality of pharmacy claims processor computers, a prescription benefit check request comprising at least one of patient data, a service identifier, an identifier for a prescribed medication, or one or more prescriber data; in response to receiving the prescription benefit check request, monitoring a network comprising one or more communication channels associated with the EHR intermediary to determine that a pharmacy billing request corresponding to the prescription benefit check request has been submitted to a pharmacy claims processor by matching at least one of the one or more prescriber data, the patient data or the service identifier stored on the at least one memory in association with the prescription benefit check request to that of a matching pharmacy billing response communicated over the network; in response to identifying the matching pharmacy billing response communicated via the EHR intermediary, generating a prescription fill notification response comprising at least a prescription fill date, and a pharmacy identification; and electronically directing communication of the prescription fill notification response to the healthcare provider computer, thereby notifying the healthcare provider computer of medication adherence. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the prescription benefit check request is transmitted based upon a physician selection at the healthcare provider computer. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the prescription benefit check request is a subsequent fill notification request, and the method further comprises:
accessing one or more subsequent fill monitoring criteria comprising at least one of a request to monitor for one or more fills during a specified time period, a request to monitor for a total number of fills, or a request to monitor for one or more fills until a refill status for the prescribed medication has expired; and generating a prescription fill notification response for each subsequent fill of the prescribed medication detected based on respectively identified matching pharmacy billing responses. 10. The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
receiving electronically, from the healthcare provider computer, a cancelation notice comprising notification to cancel tracking of one or more subsequent fills for the prescribed medication identified in the prescription benefit check request. 11. The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
generating, based at least upon the prescription benefit check request, one or more adherence reports based upon the prescription medication identifier for the prescribed medication, wherein an adherence report comprises at least an adherence fill rate for the prescribed medication; and electronically directing the communication of the adherence report to the EHR intermediary for distribution to the healthcare provider computer, the pharmacy claims processor computer, or the pharmacy computer. 12. The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
accessing a routing table stored by a service provider computer embodied by a switch or a router to identify the healthcare provider computer from which the prescription benefit check request originated. 13. A computer program product comprising at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer-executable program code instructions stored therein, the computer-executable program code instructions comprising program code instructions to:
receive electronically, from a healthcare provider computer, via an electronic health records (EHR) intermediary configured to aggregate healthcare transactions originating from a plurality of healthcare provider computers and a plurality of pharmacy claims processor computers, a prescription benefit check request comprising at least one of patient data, a service identifier, an identifier for a prescribed medication, or one or more prescriber data; in response to receiving the prescription benefit check request, monitor a network comprising one or more communication channels associated with the EHR intermediary to determine that a pharmacy billing request corresponding to the prescription benefit check request has been submitted to a pharmacy claims processor by matching at least one of the one or more prescriber data, the patient data or the service identifier stored on the at least one memory in association with the prescription benefit check request to that of a matching pharmacy billing response communicated over the network; in response to identifying the matching pharmacy billing response communicated via the EHR intermediary, generate a prescription fill notification response comprising at least a prescription fill date, and a pharmacy identification; and electronically direct communication of the prescription fill notification response to the healthcare provider computer, thereby notifying the healthcare provider computer of medication adherence. 14. The computer program product according to claim 13, wherein the prescription benefit check request is transmitted based upon a physician selection at the healthcare provider computer. 15. The computer program product according to claim 13, wherein the computer-executable program code instructions further comprise program code instructions to:
access one or more subsequent fill monitoring criteria comprising at least one of a request to monitor for one or more fills during a specified time period, a request to monitor for a total number of fills, or a request to monitor for one or more fills until a refill status for the prescribed medication has expired; and generate a prescription fill notification response for each subsequent fill of the prescribed medication detected based on respectively identified matching pharmacy billing responses. 16. The computer program product according to claim 13, wherein the computer-executable program code instructions further comprise program code instructions to:
receive electronically, from the healthcare provider computer, a cancelation notice comprising notification to cancel tracking of one or more subsequent fills for the prescribed medication identified in the prescription benefit check request. 17. The computer program product according to claim 13, wherein the computer-executable program code instructions further comprise program code instructions to:
generate, based at least upon the prescription benefit check request, one or more adherence reports based upon the prescription medication identifier for the prescribed medication, wherein an adherence report comprises at least an adherence fill rate for the prescribed medication; and electronically direct the communication of the adherence report to the EHR intermediary for distribution to the healthcare provider computer, the pharmacy claims processor computer, or the pharmacy computer. 18. The computer program product according to claim 13, wherein the computer-executable program code instructions further comprise program code instructions to:
access a routing table stored by a service provider computer embodied by a switch or a router to identify the healthcare provider computer from which the prescription benefit check request originated. | 1,700 |
349,246 | 16,806,806 | 1,766 | A positioning device is provided for delivering or guiding a surgical device into a lumen of a body vessel to a position adjacent target tissue. The device includes a housing, an elongate sleeve, and a source of pressurized fluid. The sleeve has a first end coupled to a delivery side of the housing, a second end positioned on a return side of the housing, and an inverted distal portion positioned between the first and second ends. One second end of the sleeve can be furled about a support member supported on the housing. A distal portion of the sleeve defines a cavity that communicates with a pressure chamber within the housing. When pressurized fluid is directed into the pressure chamber, the pressurized fluid flows into the cavity of the distal portion of the sleeve to advance the sleeve away from the housing. | 1. A positioning device for accessing target tissue within a body lumen, the positioning device comprising;
a housing defining a central bore and a pressure chamber, the housing having a delivery side and a return side; sleeve having a first end and a second end and an inverted distal portion located between the first and second ends, the first end of the sleeve supported on the delivery side of the housing and the second end of the sleeve supported on the return side of the housing, the inverted distal portion defining a cavity and a central guide channel, the cavity in communication with the pressure chamber; and a source of pressurized fluid communicating with the pressure chamber of the housing; wherein when pressurized fluid is directed to the pressure chamber, the pressurized fluid is directed into the cavity of the inverted distal portion of the sleeve to advance the inverted distal portion of the sleeve away from the housing. 2. The positioning device of claim 1, further including an annular support mechanism supported on the housing, wherein the sleeve is wound about the support member. 3. The positioning device of claim 2, wherein the annular support mechanism is supported on the delivery side of the housing. 4. The positioning device of claim 2, wherein the annular support mechanism is supported on the return side of the housing. 5. The positioning device of claim 2, wherein the annular support mechanism includes a rotatable toroid. 6. The positioning device of claim 2, wherein the annular support mechanism includes a motor driven toroid. 7. The positioning device of claim 1, further including a first clamp supported on the housing adjacent the annular support mechanism, the first clamp movable from an unclamped position to a clamped position to control an advancement rate of the distal inverted portion of the sleeve. 8. The positioning device of claim 7, further including a first actuator coupled to the first clamp, the first actuator actuatable to selectively move the first clamp between an unclamped position and a clamped position. 9. The positioning device of claim 1, further including a first flexible sealing member positioned about the central bore of the housing, the first flexible sealing member being positioned to engage the sleeve to prevent fluid from passing between the flexible sealing member and the sleeve. 10. The positioning device of claim 9, further including a second flexible sealing member positioned on the housing, the second flexible sealing member being positioned to engage an inner surface of an outer portion of the sleeve to prevent fluid from passing between the sleeve and the housing. 11. The positioning device of claim 8, wherein the first and second flexible sealing members have a tear-drop shaped cross-section. 12. The positioning device of claim 1, further including a fluid control valve including an inlet that communicates with the source of pressurized fluid and an outlet that communicates with the pressure chamber in the housing. 13. The positioning device of claim 12, wherein the inlet to the fluid control valve also communicates with a vent. 14. The positioning device of claim 1, further including a surgical device having a flange, the surgical device supported within the guide channel, the flange positioned distal of the inverted distal portion of the sleeve such that advancement of the sleeve away from the housing moves the surgical device away from the housing. 15. The positioning device of claim 1, wherein the guide channel on the return side of the housing is open to receive a surgical device. 16. The positioning device of claim 1, wherein the sleeve is formed of a material selected from the group consisting of aromatic polyamides, cloth, nylon, polyester, polyethylene, woven fabrics, composites, or the like. 17. A delivery device for positioning a surgical device adjacent target tissue within a body lumen, the delivery device comprising;
a housing defining a central bore and a pressure chamber that communicates with the central bore, the housing having a delivery side and a return side; a sleeve having a first end and a second end and an inverted distal portion located between the first and second ends, the first end of the sleeve supported on the delivery side of the housing and second end of the sleeve supported on the return side of the housing, the inverted distal portion defining a cavity and a central guide channel, the cavity in communication with the pressure chamber; a source of pressurized fluid communicating with the pressure chamber of the housing; and a surgical device extending through the guide channel, the surgical device including a body having a flange that is positioned distally of the inverted distal portion of the sleeve; wherein when pressurized fluid is directed to the pressure chamber, the pressurized fluid is directed into the cavity of the inverted distal portion of the sleeve to advance the inverted distal portion of the sleeve and the surgical device away from the housing. 18. The delivery device of claim 17, wherein the surgical device is an endoscope. 19. The delivery device of claim 17, further including an annular support mechanism and a first clamp, the annular support mechanism having a rotatable toroid supported on the housing, the sleeve wound about rotatable toroid, the first clamp supported on the housing adjacent the annular support mechanism, the first clamp movable from an unclamped position to a clamped position to control an advancement rate of the distal inverted portion of the sleeve. 20. A method of positioning a surgical device adjacent target tissue within a lumen of a body vessel comprising:
securing a first end of a tubular sleeve to a delivery side of a housing; inverting a distal portion of the sleeve within the housing and positioning a second end of the sleeve on a return side of the housing such that the sleeve defines a central guide channel and the inverted distal portion of the sleeve defines a cavity; and coupling the cavity defined by the inverted distal portion of the sleeve to a pressure chamber in the housing to facilitate advancement of the inverted distal portion of the sleeve away from the housing through a lumen of a body vessel. | A positioning device is provided for delivering or guiding a surgical device into a lumen of a body vessel to a position adjacent target tissue. The device includes a housing, an elongate sleeve, and a source of pressurized fluid. The sleeve has a first end coupled to a delivery side of the housing, a second end positioned on a return side of the housing, and an inverted distal portion positioned between the first and second ends. One second end of the sleeve can be furled about a support member supported on the housing. A distal portion of the sleeve defines a cavity that communicates with a pressure chamber within the housing. When pressurized fluid is directed into the pressure chamber, the pressurized fluid flows into the cavity of the distal portion of the sleeve to advance the sleeve away from the housing.1. A positioning device for accessing target tissue within a body lumen, the positioning device comprising;
a housing defining a central bore and a pressure chamber, the housing having a delivery side and a return side; sleeve having a first end and a second end and an inverted distal portion located between the first and second ends, the first end of the sleeve supported on the delivery side of the housing and the second end of the sleeve supported on the return side of the housing, the inverted distal portion defining a cavity and a central guide channel, the cavity in communication with the pressure chamber; and a source of pressurized fluid communicating with the pressure chamber of the housing; wherein when pressurized fluid is directed to the pressure chamber, the pressurized fluid is directed into the cavity of the inverted distal portion of the sleeve to advance the inverted distal portion of the sleeve away from the housing. 2. The positioning device of claim 1, further including an annular support mechanism supported on the housing, wherein the sleeve is wound about the support member. 3. The positioning device of claim 2, wherein the annular support mechanism is supported on the delivery side of the housing. 4. The positioning device of claim 2, wherein the annular support mechanism is supported on the return side of the housing. 5. The positioning device of claim 2, wherein the annular support mechanism includes a rotatable toroid. 6. The positioning device of claim 2, wherein the annular support mechanism includes a motor driven toroid. 7. The positioning device of claim 1, further including a first clamp supported on the housing adjacent the annular support mechanism, the first clamp movable from an unclamped position to a clamped position to control an advancement rate of the distal inverted portion of the sleeve. 8. The positioning device of claim 7, further including a first actuator coupled to the first clamp, the first actuator actuatable to selectively move the first clamp between an unclamped position and a clamped position. 9. The positioning device of claim 1, further including a first flexible sealing member positioned about the central bore of the housing, the first flexible sealing member being positioned to engage the sleeve to prevent fluid from passing between the flexible sealing member and the sleeve. 10. The positioning device of claim 9, further including a second flexible sealing member positioned on the housing, the second flexible sealing member being positioned to engage an inner surface of an outer portion of the sleeve to prevent fluid from passing between the sleeve and the housing. 11. The positioning device of claim 8, wherein the first and second flexible sealing members have a tear-drop shaped cross-section. 12. The positioning device of claim 1, further including a fluid control valve including an inlet that communicates with the source of pressurized fluid and an outlet that communicates with the pressure chamber in the housing. 13. The positioning device of claim 12, wherein the inlet to the fluid control valve also communicates with a vent. 14. The positioning device of claim 1, further including a surgical device having a flange, the surgical device supported within the guide channel, the flange positioned distal of the inverted distal portion of the sleeve such that advancement of the sleeve away from the housing moves the surgical device away from the housing. 15. The positioning device of claim 1, wherein the guide channel on the return side of the housing is open to receive a surgical device. 16. The positioning device of claim 1, wherein the sleeve is formed of a material selected from the group consisting of aromatic polyamides, cloth, nylon, polyester, polyethylene, woven fabrics, composites, or the like. 17. A delivery device for positioning a surgical device adjacent target tissue within a body lumen, the delivery device comprising;
a housing defining a central bore and a pressure chamber that communicates with the central bore, the housing having a delivery side and a return side; a sleeve having a first end and a second end and an inverted distal portion located between the first and second ends, the first end of the sleeve supported on the delivery side of the housing and second end of the sleeve supported on the return side of the housing, the inverted distal portion defining a cavity and a central guide channel, the cavity in communication with the pressure chamber; a source of pressurized fluid communicating with the pressure chamber of the housing; and a surgical device extending through the guide channel, the surgical device including a body having a flange that is positioned distally of the inverted distal portion of the sleeve; wherein when pressurized fluid is directed to the pressure chamber, the pressurized fluid is directed into the cavity of the inverted distal portion of the sleeve to advance the inverted distal portion of the sleeve and the surgical device away from the housing. 18. The delivery device of claim 17, wherein the surgical device is an endoscope. 19. The delivery device of claim 17, further including an annular support mechanism and a first clamp, the annular support mechanism having a rotatable toroid supported on the housing, the sleeve wound about rotatable toroid, the first clamp supported on the housing adjacent the annular support mechanism, the first clamp movable from an unclamped position to a clamped position to control an advancement rate of the distal inverted portion of the sleeve. 20. A method of positioning a surgical device adjacent target tissue within a lumen of a body vessel comprising:
securing a first end of a tubular sleeve to a delivery side of a housing; inverting a distal portion of the sleeve within the housing and positioning a second end of the sleeve on a return side of the housing such that the sleeve defines a central guide channel and the inverted distal portion of the sleeve defines a cavity; and coupling the cavity defined by the inverted distal portion of the sleeve to a pressure chamber in the housing to facilitate advancement of the inverted distal portion of the sleeve away from the housing through a lumen of a body vessel. | 1,700 |
349,247 | 16,806,812 | 1,766 | Methods for recombinant and enzymatic production of mogroside compounds and compositions containing mogroside compounds are provided by this invention. | 1. A method of producing one or more mogrol precursor, one or more mogroside precursor, and/or one or more mogroside compound in a recombinant host cell, comprising:
(a) a gene encoding a polypeptide capable of synthesizing oxidosqualene or dioxidosqualene from squalene;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing oxidosqualene or dioxidosqualene from squalene comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:54;
(b) a gene encoding a polypeptide capable of synthesizing cucurbitadienol from oxidosqualene, or 24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol from dioxidosqualene;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing cucurbitadienol from oxidosqualene or 24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol from dioxidosqualene comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:43;
(c) a gene encoding a polypeptide capable of synthesizing 11-hydroxy-cucurbitadienol from cucurbitadienol, or 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol from 24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing 11-hydroxy-cucurbitadienol from cucurbitadienol or 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol from 24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:44;
(d) a gene encoding a polypeptide capable of synthesizing mogrol from 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing mogrol from 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:74;
(e) a gene encoding a polypeptide capable of reducing cytochrome P450 complex; wherein the polypeptide capable of reducing cytochrome P450 complex comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:46; and/or (f) a gene encoding a polypeptide capable of synthesizing the mogroside precursor from 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing the mogroside precursor from 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:38 or 40;
and further comprising: (g) a gene encoding a polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-3 hydroxyl group;
wherein the polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-3 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs:22, 62, and 68;
(h) a gene encoding a polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-24 hydroxyl group;
wherein the polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-24 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs:21, 22, 23, 24 25, 48, and 68;
(i) a gene encoding a polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-3 hydroxyl group and C-24 hydroxyl group;
wherein the polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-3 hydroxyl group and C-24 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:22 or 68;
(j) a gene encoding a polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-11 hydroxyl group;
wherein the polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-11 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:24;
(k) a gene encoding a polypeptide capable of beta-1,6-glycosylation of the C2β² of the 24-O-glucose of the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound;
wherein the polypeptide capable of beta-1,6-glycosylation of the C2β² of the 24-O-glucose of the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs:50, 53, 70, and 72; and/or
(l) a gene encoding a polypeptide capable of beta-1,6-glycosylation of the C2β² of the 24-O-glucose and/or beta-1,2-glycosylation of the C6β² of the 3-O-glucose and/or the 24-O-glucose of the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound;
wherein the polypeptide capable of beta-1,6-glycosylation of the C2β² of the 24-O-glucose and/or beta-1,2-glycosylation of the C6β² of the 3-O-glucose and/or the 24-O-glucose of the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:70 or 72;
wherein at least one of the genes in items (a)-(l) is a recombinant gene; comprising growing the recombinant host cell in a culture medium, under conditions in which the genes are expressed; and and wherein the one or more mogrol precursor, the one or more mogroside precursor, and/or the one or more mogroside compound are produced by the recombinant host cell. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
(a) the one or more mogrol precursor comprises squalene, oxidosqualene, dioxidosqualene, cucurbitadienol, 24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol, 11-hydroxy-cucurbitadienol, 11-hydroxy 24, 25 epoxy cucurbitadienol, and/or 11-oxo-mogrol; (b) the one or more mogroside precursor comprises mogrol or a glycosylated, a di-glycosylated, a tri-glycosylated, and/or a tetra-glycosylated mogrol; (c) the tetra-glycosylated mogrol comprises mogroside IV and siamenoside I; (d) the one or more mogroside compound comprises a glycosylated, a di-glycosylated, a tri-glycosylated, a tetra-glycosylated, and/or a penta-glycosylated mogroside compound; (e) the glycosylated mogroside compound is mogroside I A1 or mogroside I E1; (f) the di-glycosylated mogroside compound is mogroside II A, mogroside II A1, mogroside II A2, mogroside II E, or mogroside II E1; (g) the tri-glycosylated mogroside compound is mogroside III A1, mogroside III A2, mogroside III, or mogroside III E; (h) the tetra-glycosylated mogroside compound is mogroside IV, mogroside IV A, or siamenoside I; and (i) the penta-glycosylated mogroside compound is mogroside V. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the recombinant host cell is grown in a fermentor at a temperature for a period of time, wherein the temperature and period of time facilitate the production of the mogrol precursor, the mogroside precursor, and/or the mogroside compound. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the genes are constitutively expressed. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the expression of the genes is induced. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the recombinant host cell is a plant cell, a mammalian cell, an insect cell, a fungal cell, an algal cell, or a bacterial cell. 7. A method of producing one or more mogroside compound, comprising whole cell bioconversion of one or more plant-derived or synthetic mogroside precursors in a cell culture medium of a recombinant host cell using:
(a) a polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-3 hydroxyl group;
wherein the polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-3 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs:22, 62, and 68;
(b) a polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-24 hydroxyl group;
wherein the polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-24 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs:21, 22, 23, 24 25, 48, and 68;
(c) a polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-3 hydroxyl group and C-24 hydroxyl group;
wherein the polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-3 hydroxyl group and C-24 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:22 or 68;
(d) a polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-11 hydroxyl group;
wherein the polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-11 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:24;
(e) a polypeptide capable of beta-1,6-glycosylation of the C2β² of the 24-O-glucose of the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound;
wherein the polypeptide capable of beta-1,6-glycosylation of the C2β² of the 24-O-glucose of the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:50, 53, 70, or 72; and/or
(f) a polypeptide capable of beta-1,6-glycosylation of the C2β² of the 24-O-glucose and/or beta-1,2-glycosylation of the C6β² of the 3-O-glucose and/or the 24-O-glucose of the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound;
wherein the polypeptide capable of beta-1,6-glycosylation of the C2β² of the 24-O-glucose and/or beta-1,2-glycosylation of the C6β² of the 3-O-glucose and/or the 24-O-glucose of the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:70 or 72;
wherein at least one of the polypeptides in items (a)-(f) is a recombinant polypeptide expressed in the recombinant host cell; and producing the one or more mogroside compound thereby. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising whole cell bioconversion of one or more plant-derived or synthetic mogrol precursors in the cell culture medium of the recombinant host cell, further using:
(a) a polypeptide capable of synthesizing oxidosqualene or dioxidosqualene from squalene;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing oxidosqualene or dioxidosqualene from squalene comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:54;
(b) a polypeptide capable of synthesizing cucurbitadienol from oxidosqualene, or 24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol from dioxidosqualene;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing cucurbitadienol from oxidosqualene or 24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol from dioxidosqualene comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:43;
(c) a polypeptide capable of synthesizing 11-hydroxy-cucurbitadienol from cucurbitadienol, or 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol from 24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing 11-hydroxy-cucurbitadienol from cucurbitadienol or 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol from 24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:44;
(d) a polypeptide capable of synthesizing mogrol from 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing mogrol from 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:74;
(e) a polypeptide capable of reducing cytochrome P450 complex;
wherein the polypeptide capable of reducing cytochrome P450 complex comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:46; and/or
(f) a polypeptide capable of synthesizing the mogroside precursor from 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing the mogroside precursor from 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:38 or 40;
wherein at least one of the polypeptides in items (a)-(f) is a recombinant polypeptide expressed in the recombinant host cell; and producing the one or more mogroside compound thereby. 9. An in vitro method of producing one or more mogroside compound, comprising adding:
(a) a polypeptide capable of glycosylating a mogroside precursor at its C-3 hydroxyl group;
wherein the polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor at its C-3 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs:22, 62, and 68;
(b) a polypeptide capable of glycosylating a mogroside precursor at its C-24 hydroxyl group;
wherein the polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor at its C-24 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs:21, 22, 23, 24 25, 48, and 68;
(c) a polypeptide capable of glycosylating a mogroside precursor at its C-3 hydroxyl group and C-24 hydroxyl group;
wherein the polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor at its C-3 hydroxyl group and C-24 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:22 or 68;
(d) a polypeptide capable of glycosylating a mogroside precursor at its C-11 hydroxyl group;
wherein the polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor at its C-11 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:24;
(e) a polypeptide capable of beta-1,6-glycosylation of the C2β² of the 24-O-glucose of a mogroside precursor;
wherein the polypeptide capable of beta-1,6-glycosylation of the C2β² of the 24-O-glucose of the mogroside precursor comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs:50, 53, 70, and 72; and/or
(f) a polypeptide capable of beta-1,6-glycosylation of the C2β² of the 24-O-glucose and/or beta-1,2-glycosylation of the C6β² of the 3-O-glucose and/or the 24-O-glucose of a mogroside precursor;
wherein the polypeptide capable of beta-1,6-glycosylation of the C2β² of the 24-O-glucose and/or beta-1,2-glycosylation of the C6β² of the 3-O-glucose and/or the 24-O-glucose of the mogroside precursor comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:70 or 72;
and one or more plant-derived or a synthetic mogroside precursor to a reaction mixture; wherein at least one of the polypeptides in items (a)-(f) is a recombinant polypeptide; and producing the one or more mogroside compound thereby. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising adding:
(a) a polypeptide capable of synthesizing oxidosqualene or dioxidosqualene from squalene;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing oxidosqualene or dioxidosqualene from squalene comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:54;
(b) a polypeptide capable of synthesizing cucurbitadienol from oxidosqualene, or 24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol from dioxidosqualene;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing cucurbitadienol from oxidosqualene or 24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol from dioxidosqualene comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:43;
(c) a polypeptide capable of synthesizing 11-hydroxy-cucurbitadienol from cucurbitadienol, or 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol from 24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing 11-hydroxy-cucurbitadienol from cucurbitadienol or 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol from 24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:44;
(d) a polypeptide capable of synthesizing mogrol from 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing mogrol from 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:74;
(e) a polypeptide capable of reducing cytochrome P450 complex;
wherein the polypeptide capable of reducing cytochrome P450 complex comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:46; and/or
(f) a polypeptide capable of synthesizing the mogroside precursor from 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing the mogroside precursor from 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:38 or 40;
and one or more plant-derived or synthetic mogrol precursor to the reaction mixture; wherein at least one of the polypeptides in items (a)-(f) is a recombinant polypeptide; and producing the one or more mogroside compound thereby. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising supplying one or more UDP-glucose or a cell-free system for regeneration of the one or more UDP-glucose. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the in vitro method is an enzymatic in vitro method or a whole cell in vitro method. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising isolating the produced the one or more mogrol precursor, the one or more mogroside precursor, and/or the one or more mogroside compound from the cell culture. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising recovering the produced one or more mogroside precursor, and/or one or more mogroside compound from the cell culture, providing a mogroside composition thereby, wherein the recovered mogroside composition is enriched for the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound relative to a mogroside composition from a S. grosvenorii plant; and
wherein the recovered mogroside composition has a reduced level of S. grosvenorii plant-derived components relative to a plant-derived S. grosvenorii extract. 15. A sweetener composition, comprising the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound produced by the method of claim 1. 16. A food product, a beverage, or a beverage concentrate, comprising the sweetener composition of claim 19. | Methods for recombinant and enzymatic production of mogroside compounds and compositions containing mogroside compounds are provided by this invention.1. A method of producing one or more mogrol precursor, one or more mogroside precursor, and/or one or more mogroside compound in a recombinant host cell, comprising:
(a) a gene encoding a polypeptide capable of synthesizing oxidosqualene or dioxidosqualene from squalene;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing oxidosqualene or dioxidosqualene from squalene comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:54;
(b) a gene encoding a polypeptide capable of synthesizing cucurbitadienol from oxidosqualene, or 24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol from dioxidosqualene;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing cucurbitadienol from oxidosqualene or 24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol from dioxidosqualene comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:43;
(c) a gene encoding a polypeptide capable of synthesizing 11-hydroxy-cucurbitadienol from cucurbitadienol, or 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol from 24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing 11-hydroxy-cucurbitadienol from cucurbitadienol or 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol from 24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:44;
(d) a gene encoding a polypeptide capable of synthesizing mogrol from 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing mogrol from 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:74;
(e) a gene encoding a polypeptide capable of reducing cytochrome P450 complex; wherein the polypeptide capable of reducing cytochrome P450 complex comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:46; and/or (f) a gene encoding a polypeptide capable of synthesizing the mogroside precursor from 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing the mogroside precursor from 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:38 or 40;
and further comprising: (g) a gene encoding a polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-3 hydroxyl group;
wherein the polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-3 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs:22, 62, and 68;
(h) a gene encoding a polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-24 hydroxyl group;
wherein the polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-24 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs:21, 22, 23, 24 25, 48, and 68;
(i) a gene encoding a polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-3 hydroxyl group and C-24 hydroxyl group;
wherein the polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-3 hydroxyl group and C-24 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:22 or 68;
(j) a gene encoding a polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-11 hydroxyl group;
wherein the polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-11 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:24;
(k) a gene encoding a polypeptide capable of beta-1,6-glycosylation of the C2β² of the 24-O-glucose of the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound;
wherein the polypeptide capable of beta-1,6-glycosylation of the C2β² of the 24-O-glucose of the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs:50, 53, 70, and 72; and/or
(l) a gene encoding a polypeptide capable of beta-1,6-glycosylation of the C2β² of the 24-O-glucose and/or beta-1,2-glycosylation of the C6β² of the 3-O-glucose and/or the 24-O-glucose of the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound;
wherein the polypeptide capable of beta-1,6-glycosylation of the C2β² of the 24-O-glucose and/or beta-1,2-glycosylation of the C6β² of the 3-O-glucose and/or the 24-O-glucose of the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:70 or 72;
wherein at least one of the genes in items (a)-(l) is a recombinant gene; comprising growing the recombinant host cell in a culture medium, under conditions in which the genes are expressed; and and wherein the one or more mogrol precursor, the one or more mogroside precursor, and/or the one or more mogroside compound are produced by the recombinant host cell. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
(a) the one or more mogrol precursor comprises squalene, oxidosqualene, dioxidosqualene, cucurbitadienol, 24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol, 11-hydroxy-cucurbitadienol, 11-hydroxy 24, 25 epoxy cucurbitadienol, and/or 11-oxo-mogrol; (b) the one or more mogroside precursor comprises mogrol or a glycosylated, a di-glycosylated, a tri-glycosylated, and/or a tetra-glycosylated mogrol; (c) the tetra-glycosylated mogrol comprises mogroside IV and siamenoside I; (d) the one or more mogroside compound comprises a glycosylated, a di-glycosylated, a tri-glycosylated, a tetra-glycosylated, and/or a penta-glycosylated mogroside compound; (e) the glycosylated mogroside compound is mogroside I A1 or mogroside I E1; (f) the di-glycosylated mogroside compound is mogroside II A, mogroside II A1, mogroside II A2, mogroside II E, or mogroside II E1; (g) the tri-glycosylated mogroside compound is mogroside III A1, mogroside III A2, mogroside III, or mogroside III E; (h) the tetra-glycosylated mogroside compound is mogroside IV, mogroside IV A, or siamenoside I; and (i) the penta-glycosylated mogroside compound is mogroside V. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the recombinant host cell is grown in a fermentor at a temperature for a period of time, wherein the temperature and period of time facilitate the production of the mogrol precursor, the mogroside precursor, and/or the mogroside compound. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the genes are constitutively expressed. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the expression of the genes is induced. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the recombinant host cell is a plant cell, a mammalian cell, an insect cell, a fungal cell, an algal cell, or a bacterial cell. 7. A method of producing one or more mogroside compound, comprising whole cell bioconversion of one or more plant-derived or synthetic mogroside precursors in a cell culture medium of a recombinant host cell using:
(a) a polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-3 hydroxyl group;
wherein the polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-3 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs:22, 62, and 68;
(b) a polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-24 hydroxyl group;
wherein the polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-24 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs:21, 22, 23, 24 25, 48, and 68;
(c) a polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-3 hydroxyl group and C-24 hydroxyl group;
wherein the polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-3 hydroxyl group and C-24 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:22 or 68;
(d) a polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-11 hydroxyl group;
wherein the polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound at its C-11 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:24;
(e) a polypeptide capable of beta-1,6-glycosylation of the C2β² of the 24-O-glucose of the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound;
wherein the polypeptide capable of beta-1,6-glycosylation of the C2β² of the 24-O-glucose of the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:50, 53, 70, or 72; and/or
(f) a polypeptide capable of beta-1,6-glycosylation of the C2β² of the 24-O-glucose and/or beta-1,2-glycosylation of the C6β² of the 3-O-glucose and/or the 24-O-glucose of the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound;
wherein the polypeptide capable of beta-1,6-glycosylation of the C2β² of the 24-O-glucose and/or beta-1,2-glycosylation of the C6β² of the 3-O-glucose and/or the 24-O-glucose of the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:70 or 72;
wherein at least one of the polypeptides in items (a)-(f) is a recombinant polypeptide expressed in the recombinant host cell; and producing the one or more mogroside compound thereby. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising whole cell bioconversion of one or more plant-derived or synthetic mogrol precursors in the cell culture medium of the recombinant host cell, further using:
(a) a polypeptide capable of synthesizing oxidosqualene or dioxidosqualene from squalene;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing oxidosqualene or dioxidosqualene from squalene comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:54;
(b) a polypeptide capable of synthesizing cucurbitadienol from oxidosqualene, or 24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol from dioxidosqualene;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing cucurbitadienol from oxidosqualene or 24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol from dioxidosqualene comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:43;
(c) a polypeptide capable of synthesizing 11-hydroxy-cucurbitadienol from cucurbitadienol, or 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol from 24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing 11-hydroxy-cucurbitadienol from cucurbitadienol or 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol from 24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:44;
(d) a polypeptide capable of synthesizing mogrol from 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing mogrol from 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:74;
(e) a polypeptide capable of reducing cytochrome P450 complex;
wherein the polypeptide capable of reducing cytochrome P450 complex comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:46; and/or
(f) a polypeptide capable of synthesizing the mogroside precursor from 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing the mogroside precursor from 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:38 or 40;
wherein at least one of the polypeptides in items (a)-(f) is a recombinant polypeptide expressed in the recombinant host cell; and producing the one or more mogroside compound thereby. 9. An in vitro method of producing one or more mogroside compound, comprising adding:
(a) a polypeptide capable of glycosylating a mogroside precursor at its C-3 hydroxyl group;
wherein the polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor at its C-3 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs:22, 62, and 68;
(b) a polypeptide capable of glycosylating a mogroside precursor at its C-24 hydroxyl group;
wherein the polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor at its C-24 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs:21, 22, 23, 24 25, 48, and 68;
(c) a polypeptide capable of glycosylating a mogroside precursor at its C-3 hydroxyl group and C-24 hydroxyl group;
wherein the polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor at its C-3 hydroxyl group and C-24 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:22 or 68;
(d) a polypeptide capable of glycosylating a mogroside precursor at its C-11 hydroxyl group;
wherein the polypeptide capable of glycosylating the mogroside precursor at its C-11 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:24;
(e) a polypeptide capable of beta-1,6-glycosylation of the C2β² of the 24-O-glucose of a mogroside precursor;
wherein the polypeptide capable of beta-1,6-glycosylation of the C2β² of the 24-O-glucose of the mogroside precursor comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs:50, 53, 70, and 72; and/or
(f) a polypeptide capable of beta-1,6-glycosylation of the C2β² of the 24-O-glucose and/or beta-1,2-glycosylation of the C6β² of the 3-O-glucose and/or the 24-O-glucose of a mogroside precursor;
wherein the polypeptide capable of beta-1,6-glycosylation of the C2β² of the 24-O-glucose and/or beta-1,2-glycosylation of the C6β² of the 3-O-glucose and/or the 24-O-glucose of the mogroside precursor comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:70 or 72;
and one or more plant-derived or a synthetic mogroside precursor to a reaction mixture; wherein at least one of the polypeptides in items (a)-(f) is a recombinant polypeptide; and producing the one or more mogroside compound thereby. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising adding:
(a) a polypeptide capable of synthesizing oxidosqualene or dioxidosqualene from squalene;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing oxidosqualene or dioxidosqualene from squalene comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:54;
(b) a polypeptide capable of synthesizing cucurbitadienol from oxidosqualene, or 24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol from dioxidosqualene;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing cucurbitadienol from oxidosqualene or 24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol from dioxidosqualene comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:43;
(c) a polypeptide capable of synthesizing 11-hydroxy-cucurbitadienol from cucurbitadienol, or 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol from 24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing 11-hydroxy-cucurbitadienol from cucurbitadienol or 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol from 24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:44;
(d) a polypeptide capable of synthesizing mogrol from 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing mogrol from 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:74;
(e) a polypeptide capable of reducing cytochrome P450 complex;
wherein the polypeptide capable of reducing cytochrome P450 complex comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:46; and/or
(f) a polypeptide capable of synthesizing the mogroside precursor from 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol;
wherein the polypeptide capable of synthesizing the mogroside precursor from 11-hydroxy-24,25-epoxy-cucurbitadienol comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:38 or 40;
and one or more plant-derived or synthetic mogrol precursor to the reaction mixture; wherein at least one of the polypeptides in items (a)-(f) is a recombinant polypeptide; and producing the one or more mogroside compound thereby. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising supplying one or more UDP-glucose or a cell-free system for regeneration of the one or more UDP-glucose. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the in vitro method is an enzymatic in vitro method or a whole cell in vitro method. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising isolating the produced the one or more mogrol precursor, the one or more mogroside precursor, and/or the one or more mogroside compound from the cell culture. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising recovering the produced one or more mogroside precursor, and/or one or more mogroside compound from the cell culture, providing a mogroside composition thereby, wherein the recovered mogroside composition is enriched for the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound relative to a mogroside composition from a S. grosvenorii plant; and
wherein the recovered mogroside composition has a reduced level of S. grosvenorii plant-derived components relative to a plant-derived S. grosvenorii extract. 15. A sweetener composition, comprising the mogroside precursor and/or the mogroside compound produced by the method of claim 1. 16. A food product, a beverage, or a beverage concentrate, comprising the sweetener composition of claim 19. | 1,700 |
349,248 | 16,806,836 | 1,766 | An apparatus for distributing tie plates alongside rails of a railroad track including a singulating system for separating and singulating tie plates to be distributed along the rails of a railroad track, an orientation system positioned beneath the singulating system for orienting the tie plates with the correct side up, and a distribution system for distributing tie plates along the rails of a raiload track. | 1. An apparatus for distributing tie plates alongside rails of a railroad track, comprising:
a pre-load staging hopper and conveyor belt; a singulating system for separating and singulating tie plates to be distributed along the rails of a railroad track, the singulating system comprising an infeed chute positioned beneath the pre-load staging hopper and conveyor belt for receiving the tie plates; an incline conveyor having a lower end and an upper end, wherein the lower end of the incline conveyor is positioned beneath the infeed chute; a bi-directional flat belt positioned at the upper end of the incline conveyor; a transfer chute positioned at a first end of the bi-directional flat belt for receiving a tie plate for orienting and distribution, and a conveyor belt at a second end of the bi-directional flat belt for recycling a tie plate back to the infeed chute; an orientation system positioned beneath the transfer chute at the second end of the bi-directional flat belt, the orientation system comprising a scan conveyor belt, a scanner for detecting the orientation of a tie plate on the scan conveyor as the tie plate passes beneath the scanner, a processor in communication with the scanner for determining which direction a scanned tie plate needs to be rotated and whether the scanned tie plate needs to be flipped, and a flipping mechanism positioned at the end of the scan conveyor; and a distribution system for distributing tie plates along the rails of a raiload track, the distribution system comprising an infeed belt positioned adjacent the end of the scan conveyor and beneath the flipping mechanism; a gate between the scan conveyor and the infeed belt for aligning the tie plates as the tie plates move onto the infeed belt; a skate conveyor positioned adjacent the infeed belt; a lower belt feeder for aggregating tie plates to be distributed; and outfeed belts for depositing tie plates to the left or right of the rails of a railroad track. 2. An apparatus for distributing tie plates alongside rails of a railroad track, comprising:
a singulating system for separating and singulating tie plates to be distributed along the rails of a railroad track; an orientation system for orienting tie plates after the ties plates pass through the singulating system, wherein the orientation system is positioned beneath a transfer chute between the singulating system and the orientation system; and a distribution system for distributing the oriented tie plates exiting the orientation system along the rails of a raiload track, the distribution system comprising outfeed belts for depositing tie plates to the left or right of the rails of a railroad track. 3. The apparatus for distributing tie plates alongside rails of a railroad track of claim 2, further comprising a pre-load staging hopper and conveyor belt positioned in front of and above the singulating system. 4. The apparatus for distributing tie plates alongside rails of a railroad track of claim 2, wherein the singulating system further comprises an infeed chute positioned beneath a pre-load staging hopper and conveyor belt for receiving the tie plates. 5. The apparatus for distributing tie plates alongside rails of a railroad track of claim 4, wherein the singulating system further comprises an incline conveyor having a lower end and an upper end, wherein the lower end of the incline conveyor is positioned beneath the infeed chute. 6. The apparatus for distributing tie plates alongside rails of a railroad track of claim 5, wherein the singulating system further comprises a bi-directional flat belt positioned at the upper end of the incline conveyor. 7. The apparatus for distributing tie plates alongside rails of a railroad track of claim 6, wherein the singulating system further comprises a transfer chute positioned at a first end of the bi-directional flat belt for receiving a tie plate for orienting and distribution, and a conveyor belt at a second end of the bi-directional flat belt for recycling a tie plate back to the infeed chute. 8. The apparatus for distributing tie plates alongside rails of a railroad track of claim 2, wherein the orientation system further comprises a scan conveyor belt, a scanner for detecting the orientation of a tie plate on the scan conveyor as the tie plate passes beneath the scanner, and a processor in communication with the scanner for determining which direction a scanned tie plate needs to be rotated and whether the scanned tie plate needs to be flipped. 9. The apparatus for distributing tie plates alongside rails of a railroad track of claim 8, wherein the orientation system further comprises a flipping mechanism positioned at the end of the scan conveyor. 10. The apparatus for distributing tie plates alongside rails of a railroad track of claim 2, wherein the distribution system further comprises an infeed belt positioned adjacent the end of the scan conveyor and beneath the flipping mechanism; a gate between the scan conveyor and the infeed belt for aligning the tie plates as the tie plates move onto the infeed belt; a skate conveyor positioned adjacent the infeed belt; and a lower belt feeder for aggregating tie plates to be distributed. 11. A method of placing railroad tie plates alongside rails of a railroad track, comprising:
feeding railroad tie plates into a tie plate distribution system comprising (i) a singulating system for separating and singulating tie plates to be distributed along the rails of a railroad track; an orientation system for orienting tie plates after the ties plates pass through the singulating system, wherein the orientation system is positioned beneath a transfer chute between the singulating system and the orientation system; and a distribution system for distributing the oriented tie plates exiting the orientation system along the rails of a raiload track, the distribution system comprising outfeed belts for depositing tie plates to the left or right of the rails of a railroad track. | An apparatus for distributing tie plates alongside rails of a railroad track including a singulating system for separating and singulating tie plates to be distributed along the rails of a railroad track, an orientation system positioned beneath the singulating system for orienting the tie plates with the correct side up, and a distribution system for distributing tie plates along the rails of a raiload track.1. An apparatus for distributing tie plates alongside rails of a railroad track, comprising:
a pre-load staging hopper and conveyor belt; a singulating system for separating and singulating tie plates to be distributed along the rails of a railroad track, the singulating system comprising an infeed chute positioned beneath the pre-load staging hopper and conveyor belt for receiving the tie plates; an incline conveyor having a lower end and an upper end, wherein the lower end of the incline conveyor is positioned beneath the infeed chute; a bi-directional flat belt positioned at the upper end of the incline conveyor; a transfer chute positioned at a first end of the bi-directional flat belt for receiving a tie plate for orienting and distribution, and a conveyor belt at a second end of the bi-directional flat belt for recycling a tie plate back to the infeed chute; an orientation system positioned beneath the transfer chute at the second end of the bi-directional flat belt, the orientation system comprising a scan conveyor belt, a scanner for detecting the orientation of a tie plate on the scan conveyor as the tie plate passes beneath the scanner, a processor in communication with the scanner for determining which direction a scanned tie plate needs to be rotated and whether the scanned tie plate needs to be flipped, and a flipping mechanism positioned at the end of the scan conveyor; and a distribution system for distributing tie plates along the rails of a raiload track, the distribution system comprising an infeed belt positioned adjacent the end of the scan conveyor and beneath the flipping mechanism; a gate between the scan conveyor and the infeed belt for aligning the tie plates as the tie plates move onto the infeed belt; a skate conveyor positioned adjacent the infeed belt; a lower belt feeder for aggregating tie plates to be distributed; and outfeed belts for depositing tie plates to the left or right of the rails of a railroad track. 2. An apparatus for distributing tie plates alongside rails of a railroad track, comprising:
a singulating system for separating and singulating tie plates to be distributed along the rails of a railroad track; an orientation system for orienting tie plates after the ties plates pass through the singulating system, wherein the orientation system is positioned beneath a transfer chute between the singulating system and the orientation system; and a distribution system for distributing the oriented tie plates exiting the orientation system along the rails of a raiload track, the distribution system comprising outfeed belts for depositing tie plates to the left or right of the rails of a railroad track. 3. The apparatus for distributing tie plates alongside rails of a railroad track of claim 2, further comprising a pre-load staging hopper and conveyor belt positioned in front of and above the singulating system. 4. The apparatus for distributing tie plates alongside rails of a railroad track of claim 2, wherein the singulating system further comprises an infeed chute positioned beneath a pre-load staging hopper and conveyor belt for receiving the tie plates. 5. The apparatus for distributing tie plates alongside rails of a railroad track of claim 4, wherein the singulating system further comprises an incline conveyor having a lower end and an upper end, wherein the lower end of the incline conveyor is positioned beneath the infeed chute. 6. The apparatus for distributing tie plates alongside rails of a railroad track of claim 5, wherein the singulating system further comprises a bi-directional flat belt positioned at the upper end of the incline conveyor. 7. The apparatus for distributing tie plates alongside rails of a railroad track of claim 6, wherein the singulating system further comprises a transfer chute positioned at a first end of the bi-directional flat belt for receiving a tie plate for orienting and distribution, and a conveyor belt at a second end of the bi-directional flat belt for recycling a tie plate back to the infeed chute. 8. The apparatus for distributing tie plates alongside rails of a railroad track of claim 2, wherein the orientation system further comprises a scan conveyor belt, a scanner for detecting the orientation of a tie plate on the scan conveyor as the tie plate passes beneath the scanner, and a processor in communication with the scanner for determining which direction a scanned tie plate needs to be rotated and whether the scanned tie plate needs to be flipped. 9. The apparatus for distributing tie plates alongside rails of a railroad track of claim 8, wherein the orientation system further comprises a flipping mechanism positioned at the end of the scan conveyor. 10. The apparatus for distributing tie plates alongside rails of a railroad track of claim 2, wherein the distribution system further comprises an infeed belt positioned adjacent the end of the scan conveyor and beneath the flipping mechanism; a gate between the scan conveyor and the infeed belt for aligning the tie plates as the tie plates move onto the infeed belt; a skate conveyor positioned adjacent the infeed belt; and a lower belt feeder for aggregating tie plates to be distributed. 11. A method of placing railroad tie plates alongside rails of a railroad track, comprising:
feeding railroad tie plates into a tie plate distribution system comprising (i) a singulating system for separating and singulating tie plates to be distributed along the rails of a railroad track; an orientation system for orienting tie plates after the ties plates pass through the singulating system, wherein the orientation system is positioned beneath a transfer chute between the singulating system and the orientation system; and a distribution system for distributing the oriented tie plates exiting the orientation system along the rails of a raiload track, the distribution system comprising outfeed belts for depositing tie plates to the left or right of the rails of a railroad track. | 1,700 |
349,249 | 16,806,791 | 1,766 | This disclosure relates to deep trench capacitors embedded in a package substrate on which an integrated circuit is mounted. In some aspects, a chip package includes an integrated circuit die that has a power distribution circuit for one or more circuits of the integrated circuit. The chip package also includes a substrate different from the integrated circuit and having a first surface on which the integrated circuit die is mounted and a second surface opposite the first surface. The substrate includes one or more cavities formed in at least one of the first surface or the second surface. The chip package also includes one or more deep trench capacitors disposed in at least one of the one or more cavities. Each deep trench capacitor is connected to the power distribution circuit by conductors. | 1. A chip package comprising:
an integrated circuit die comprising a power distribution circuit for one or more circuits of the integrated circuit; a substrate different from the integrated circuit and having (i) a first surface on which the integrated circuit die is mounted and (ii) a second surface opposite the first surface, the substrate comprising one or more cavities formed in at least one of the first surface or the second surface; and one or more deep trench capacitors disposed in at least one of the one or more cavities, each deep trench capacitor being connected to the power distribution circuit by conductors. 2. The chip package of claim 1, wherein each cavity is formed on the first surface and extends from the first surface into the substrate. 3. The chip package of claim 1, wherein each cavity is formed on the second surface and extends from the second surface into the substrate. 4. The chip package of claim 1, wherein each cavity and each deep trench capacitor is arranged under the power distribution circuit. 5. The chip package of claim 1, wherein the substrate includes, for each conductor a via in which the conductor is routed from the deep trench capacitor through the substrate and to a contact of the integrated circuit die. 6. The chip package of claim 1, wherein:
the one or more cavities comprises a plurality of cavities; and the substrate includes substrate walls between adjacent cavities. 7. The chip package of claim 1, wherein:
each cavity is formed on the second surface and extends from the second surface into the substrate; the second surface comprises a ball grid array with a plurality of interconnection pads that each extend from the second surface to an end of the interconnection pad; and each deep trench capacitor extends out of the cavity without extending past the ends of the interconnection pads. 8. A method for fabricating a chip package, comprising:
forming one or more cavities in a substrate having (i) a first surface configured to receive an integrated circuit die and (ii) a second surface opposite the first surface, each cavity being formed in at least one of the first surface or the second surface; mounting one or more deep trench capacitors in each cavity; and mounting the integrated circuit die on the first surface. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein:
each cavity is formed in the first surface; and forming the one or more cavities comprises applying one or more layers of substrate build-up to the first surface after mounting the one or more deep trench capacitors in each cavity. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein each deep trench capacitor is electrically connected to the integrated circuit by way of vias formed in the substrate. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein forming the one or more cavities comprises etching away a portion of the substrate. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein:
each cavity is formed in the first surface; the deep trench capacitor is connected to the integrated circuit die prior to mounting the integrated circuit on the first surface; and mounting the integrated circuit die on the first surface and mounting the one or more deep trench capacitors in each cavity comprises mounting the integrated circuit die such that each deep trench capacitors are disposed within a cavity. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein forming the one or more cavities comprises:
applying a release layer to the first surface; applying one or more build-up layers over the release layer; and removing the release layer and each portion of each build-up layer that covers the release layer. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein applying the release layer comprises applying the release layer on a portion of the first surface where the cavity will be formed. 15. A chip package, comprising:
an integrated circuit die; a substrate having (i) a first surface on which the integrated circuit die is mounted and (ii) a second surface opposite the first surface, the substrate comprising one or more cavities formed in at least one of the first surface or the second surface; and one or more capacitors disposed in at least one of the one or more cavities and being connected to the integrated circuit die. 16. The chip package of claim 15, wherein the one or more capacitors comprise deep trench capacitors. 17. The chip package of claim 15, wherein the one or more capacitors decouple one or more circuits of the integrated circuit die from a power circuit of the integrated circuit die. 18. The chip package of claim 15, wherein each cavity is formed on the first surface and extends from the first surface into the substrate. 19. The chip package of claim 15, wherein each cavity is formed on the second surface and extends from the second surface into the substrate. 20. The chip package of claim 15, wherein each cavity and each deep trench capacitor is arranged under the power distribution circuit. | This disclosure relates to deep trench capacitors embedded in a package substrate on which an integrated circuit is mounted. In some aspects, a chip package includes an integrated circuit die that has a power distribution circuit for one or more circuits of the integrated circuit. The chip package also includes a substrate different from the integrated circuit and having a first surface on which the integrated circuit die is mounted and a second surface opposite the first surface. The substrate includes one or more cavities formed in at least one of the first surface or the second surface. The chip package also includes one or more deep trench capacitors disposed in at least one of the one or more cavities. Each deep trench capacitor is connected to the power distribution circuit by conductors.1. A chip package comprising:
an integrated circuit die comprising a power distribution circuit for one or more circuits of the integrated circuit; a substrate different from the integrated circuit and having (i) a first surface on which the integrated circuit die is mounted and (ii) a second surface opposite the first surface, the substrate comprising one or more cavities formed in at least one of the first surface or the second surface; and one or more deep trench capacitors disposed in at least one of the one or more cavities, each deep trench capacitor being connected to the power distribution circuit by conductors. 2. The chip package of claim 1, wherein each cavity is formed on the first surface and extends from the first surface into the substrate. 3. The chip package of claim 1, wherein each cavity is formed on the second surface and extends from the second surface into the substrate. 4. The chip package of claim 1, wherein each cavity and each deep trench capacitor is arranged under the power distribution circuit. 5. The chip package of claim 1, wherein the substrate includes, for each conductor a via in which the conductor is routed from the deep trench capacitor through the substrate and to a contact of the integrated circuit die. 6. The chip package of claim 1, wherein:
the one or more cavities comprises a plurality of cavities; and the substrate includes substrate walls between adjacent cavities. 7. The chip package of claim 1, wherein:
each cavity is formed on the second surface and extends from the second surface into the substrate; the second surface comprises a ball grid array with a plurality of interconnection pads that each extend from the second surface to an end of the interconnection pad; and each deep trench capacitor extends out of the cavity without extending past the ends of the interconnection pads. 8. A method for fabricating a chip package, comprising:
forming one or more cavities in a substrate having (i) a first surface configured to receive an integrated circuit die and (ii) a second surface opposite the first surface, each cavity being formed in at least one of the first surface or the second surface; mounting one or more deep trench capacitors in each cavity; and mounting the integrated circuit die on the first surface. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein:
each cavity is formed in the first surface; and forming the one or more cavities comprises applying one or more layers of substrate build-up to the first surface after mounting the one or more deep trench capacitors in each cavity. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein each deep trench capacitor is electrically connected to the integrated circuit by way of vias formed in the substrate. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein forming the one or more cavities comprises etching away a portion of the substrate. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein:
each cavity is formed in the first surface; the deep trench capacitor is connected to the integrated circuit die prior to mounting the integrated circuit on the first surface; and mounting the integrated circuit die on the first surface and mounting the one or more deep trench capacitors in each cavity comprises mounting the integrated circuit die such that each deep trench capacitors are disposed within a cavity. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein forming the one or more cavities comprises:
applying a release layer to the first surface; applying one or more build-up layers over the release layer; and removing the release layer and each portion of each build-up layer that covers the release layer. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein applying the release layer comprises applying the release layer on a portion of the first surface where the cavity will be formed. 15. A chip package, comprising:
an integrated circuit die; a substrate having (i) a first surface on which the integrated circuit die is mounted and (ii) a second surface opposite the first surface, the substrate comprising one or more cavities formed in at least one of the first surface or the second surface; and one or more capacitors disposed in at least one of the one or more cavities and being connected to the integrated circuit die. 16. The chip package of claim 15, wherein the one or more capacitors comprise deep trench capacitors. 17. The chip package of claim 15, wherein the one or more capacitors decouple one or more circuits of the integrated circuit die from a power circuit of the integrated circuit die. 18. The chip package of claim 15, wherein each cavity is formed on the first surface and extends from the first surface into the substrate. 19. The chip package of claim 15, wherein each cavity is formed on the second surface and extends from the second surface into the substrate. 20. The chip package of claim 15, wherein each cavity and each deep trench capacitor is arranged under the power distribution circuit. | 1,700 |
349,250 | 16,806,815 | 1,766 | The articulated wireline hole finder is a modular device which attaches to the bottom of a wireline logging tool-string to aid conveyance down irregular shaped and/or deviated boreholes which possess features such as ledges, washouts, and contractions, that might otherwise terminate full descent of the tool-string to the bottom of the borehole and thereby compromise the wireline data acquisition objectives. Elements of the articulated wireline hole finder may include a low friction roller nose assembly and spacer sub, an articulated spring joint, that transfers tool-string weight and directs lateral movement of the roller nose towards hole center, and a pair of five arm centralizers that possess a wide dynamic range. | 1. An articulated wireline hole finder, comprising:
a low-friction roller nose, wherein the low-friction roller nose comprises:
a central mandrel, wherein the central mandrel further comprises at least one slot located on an outer surface of the center mandrel; and
at least one sub-assembly, wherein the at least one sub-assembly attaches to the central mandrel through the at least one slot and wherein the at least one sub-assembly comprises at least one wheel; and
an articulated spring joint, wherein the articulated spring joint connects to the low-friction roller nose through a sub spacer. 2. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 1, wherein each of the at least one wheel are mounted in profiled wheel retainers that bolt onto the central mandrel. 3. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 1, including a plurality of said slots located on the mandrel and a plurality of sub-assemblies attached to the central mandrel through the plurality of slots, each sub-assembly including three wheels and a plurality of axles. 4. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 3, wherein the plurality of axles comprises a grease port and a plurality of grease channels. 5. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 1, wherein the at least one sub assembly bolts onto the central mandrel. 6. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 1, wherein the articulated spring joint is axially spaced uphole from the mandrel. 7. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 1, further comprising a main body and a centralizer, wherein the centralizer connects to the main body and further comprises at least one leaf spring arm and the at least one leaf spring arm connects to a floating end at both ends of the at least one leaf spring arm. 8. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 7, wherein the floating end connects to the at least one leaf spring arm by a pivoting arm connector through a retaining pin. 9. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 8, wherein the floating end allows the centralizer to revolve around the main body and a pivoting arm allows the centralizer to flex. 10. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 7, wherein at least one lock ring prevents the centralizer from compressing along the axis of the main body. 11. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 10, wherein the centralizers have a maximum opening diameter of about thirty inches and a minimum compressed diameter of about less than six inches. 12. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 1, wherein the articulated spring joint initiates a pivoting action and moves the low-friction roller nose. 13. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 1, wherein the articulated spring joint comprises two halves, connected by a main pin and a spring which is under compression. 14. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 13, wherein the main pin comprises a tapered ball joint at one end and is threaded at the opposing end. 15. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 13, wherein the spring is smaller in diameter than the external diameter of a body of the articulated wireline hole finder. 16. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 1, wherein the articulated spring joint comprises articulation that is about approximately twelve degrees from a central axis of the articulated wireline holder finder when fully actuated. 17. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 16, wherein the articulated spring joint is pressure compensated with a fluid entry port and a fluid exit port. 18. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 17, wherein a blanking plug equalizes the fluid at the fluid entry port. 19. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 1, wherein a main body length is adjustable. 20. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 1, further comprising a main body, wherein the main body further comprises a tube and a centralizer, wherein the centralizer further comprises at least one leaf spring arm. | The articulated wireline hole finder is a modular device which attaches to the bottom of a wireline logging tool-string to aid conveyance down irregular shaped and/or deviated boreholes which possess features such as ledges, washouts, and contractions, that might otherwise terminate full descent of the tool-string to the bottom of the borehole and thereby compromise the wireline data acquisition objectives. Elements of the articulated wireline hole finder may include a low friction roller nose assembly and spacer sub, an articulated spring joint, that transfers tool-string weight and directs lateral movement of the roller nose towards hole center, and a pair of five arm centralizers that possess a wide dynamic range.1. An articulated wireline hole finder, comprising:
a low-friction roller nose, wherein the low-friction roller nose comprises:
a central mandrel, wherein the central mandrel further comprises at least one slot located on an outer surface of the center mandrel; and
at least one sub-assembly, wherein the at least one sub-assembly attaches to the central mandrel through the at least one slot and wherein the at least one sub-assembly comprises at least one wheel; and
an articulated spring joint, wherein the articulated spring joint connects to the low-friction roller nose through a sub spacer. 2. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 1, wherein each of the at least one wheel are mounted in profiled wheel retainers that bolt onto the central mandrel. 3. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 1, including a plurality of said slots located on the mandrel and a plurality of sub-assemblies attached to the central mandrel through the plurality of slots, each sub-assembly including three wheels and a plurality of axles. 4. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 3, wherein the plurality of axles comprises a grease port and a plurality of grease channels. 5. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 1, wherein the at least one sub assembly bolts onto the central mandrel. 6. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 1, wherein the articulated spring joint is axially spaced uphole from the mandrel. 7. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 1, further comprising a main body and a centralizer, wherein the centralizer connects to the main body and further comprises at least one leaf spring arm and the at least one leaf spring arm connects to a floating end at both ends of the at least one leaf spring arm. 8. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 7, wherein the floating end connects to the at least one leaf spring arm by a pivoting arm connector through a retaining pin. 9. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 8, wherein the floating end allows the centralizer to revolve around the main body and a pivoting arm allows the centralizer to flex. 10. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 7, wherein at least one lock ring prevents the centralizer from compressing along the axis of the main body. 11. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 10, wherein the centralizers have a maximum opening diameter of about thirty inches and a minimum compressed diameter of about less than six inches. 12. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 1, wherein the articulated spring joint initiates a pivoting action and moves the low-friction roller nose. 13. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 1, wherein the articulated spring joint comprises two halves, connected by a main pin and a spring which is under compression. 14. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 13, wherein the main pin comprises a tapered ball joint at one end and is threaded at the opposing end. 15. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 13, wherein the spring is smaller in diameter than the external diameter of a body of the articulated wireline hole finder. 16. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 1, wherein the articulated spring joint comprises articulation that is about approximately twelve degrees from a central axis of the articulated wireline holder finder when fully actuated. 17. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 16, wherein the articulated spring joint is pressure compensated with a fluid entry port and a fluid exit port. 18. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 17, wherein a blanking plug equalizes the fluid at the fluid entry port. 19. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 1, wherein a main body length is adjustable. 20. The articulated wireline hole finder of claim 1, further comprising a main body, wherein the main body further comprises a tube and a centralizer, wherein the centralizer further comprises at least one leaf spring arm. | 1,700 |
349,251 | 16,806,830 | 1,766 | A user equipment (UE) of re-organizing a timing advance group (TAG) is provided. The UE includes: a receiving unit for receiving, from a serving base station, secondary serving cell (SCell) configuration information which includes a first field and a second field, the first field including an ScellIndex of an SCell to indicate a removal of the SCell, the second field including at least one of the ScellIndex to indicate an addition of the SCell and a TAG ID indicating a TAG of the SCell, and a radio resource control (RRC) processing unit for performing the addition of the SCell after performing the removal of the SCell from one or more SCells configured in the UE, and for reorganizing the TAG by including the SCell in the TAG. | 1. A communication method performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising:
receiving a message for RRC Connection Reconfiguration from an eNodeB (eNB), wherein the message for RRC Connection Reconfiguration comprises an index for a first secondary cell (scell) and an index for a second scell; receiving a PDCCH order from the eNB, wherein the PDCCH order comprises a random access preamble index; transmitting a random access preamble associated with the random access preamble index to the eNB using the first scell; receiving a random access response from the eNB using a primary cell, wherein the random access response includes a timing advance value; and transmitting user data to the eNB using the second scell at least based on the timing advance value. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a message for activating the first scell from the eNB. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the PDCCH order is received using the first scell. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising starting a timing alignment timer after receiving the random access response. 5. A communication apparatus comprising:
a processor; and and a memory operably coupled to the memory, wherein the processor, when executing program instructions stored in the memory, is configured to:
cause the communication apparatus to receive a message for RRC Connection Reconfiguration from an eNodeB (eNB), wherein the message for RRC Connection Reconfiguration comprises an index for a first secondary cell (scell) and an index for a second scell;
cause the communication apparatus to receive a PDCCH order from the eNB, wherein the PDCCH order comprises a random access preamble index;
cause the communication apparatus to transmit a random access preamble associated with the random access preamble index to the eNB using the first scell;
cause the communication apparatus to receive a random access response from the eNB using a primary cell, wherein the random access response includes a timing advance value; and
cause the communication apparatus to transmit user data to the eNB using the second scell at least based on the timing advance value. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the communication apparatus to receive a message for activating the first scell from the eNB. 7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the PDCCH order is received using the first scell. 8. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to start a timing alignment timer after receiving the random access response. 9. A device for a user equipment (UE), the device comprising:
a processor; and and a memory operably coupled to the memory, wherein the processor, when executing program instructions stored in the memory, is configured to:
cause the UE to receive a message for RRC Connection Reconfiguration from an eNodeB (eNB), wherein the message for RRC Connection Reconfiguration comprises an index for a first secondary cell (scell) and an index for a second scell;
cause the UE to receive a PDCCH order from the eNB, wherein the PDCCH order comprises a random access preamble index;
cause the UE to transmit a random access preamble associated with the random access preamble index to the eNB using the first scell;
cause the UE to receive a random access response from the eNB using a primary cell, wherein the random access response includes a timing advance value; and
cause the UE to transmit user data to the eNB using the second scell at least based on the timing advance value. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the communication apparatus to receive a message for activating the first scell from the eNB. 11. The device of claim 9, wherein the PDCCH order is received using the first scell. 12. The device of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to start a timing alignment timer after receiving the random access response. | A user equipment (UE) of re-organizing a timing advance group (TAG) is provided. The UE includes: a receiving unit for receiving, from a serving base station, secondary serving cell (SCell) configuration information which includes a first field and a second field, the first field including an ScellIndex of an SCell to indicate a removal of the SCell, the second field including at least one of the ScellIndex to indicate an addition of the SCell and a TAG ID indicating a TAG of the SCell, and a radio resource control (RRC) processing unit for performing the addition of the SCell after performing the removal of the SCell from one or more SCells configured in the UE, and for reorganizing the TAG by including the SCell in the TAG.1. A communication method performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising:
receiving a message for RRC Connection Reconfiguration from an eNodeB (eNB), wherein the message for RRC Connection Reconfiguration comprises an index for a first secondary cell (scell) and an index for a second scell; receiving a PDCCH order from the eNB, wherein the PDCCH order comprises a random access preamble index; transmitting a random access preamble associated with the random access preamble index to the eNB using the first scell; receiving a random access response from the eNB using a primary cell, wherein the random access response includes a timing advance value; and transmitting user data to the eNB using the second scell at least based on the timing advance value. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a message for activating the first scell from the eNB. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the PDCCH order is received using the first scell. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising starting a timing alignment timer after receiving the random access response. 5. A communication apparatus comprising:
a processor; and and a memory operably coupled to the memory, wherein the processor, when executing program instructions stored in the memory, is configured to:
cause the communication apparatus to receive a message for RRC Connection Reconfiguration from an eNodeB (eNB), wherein the message for RRC Connection Reconfiguration comprises an index for a first secondary cell (scell) and an index for a second scell;
cause the communication apparatus to receive a PDCCH order from the eNB, wherein the PDCCH order comprises a random access preamble index;
cause the communication apparatus to transmit a random access preamble associated with the random access preamble index to the eNB using the first scell;
cause the communication apparatus to receive a random access response from the eNB using a primary cell, wherein the random access response includes a timing advance value; and
cause the communication apparatus to transmit user data to the eNB using the second scell at least based on the timing advance value. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the communication apparatus to receive a message for activating the first scell from the eNB. 7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the PDCCH order is received using the first scell. 8. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to start a timing alignment timer after receiving the random access response. 9. A device for a user equipment (UE), the device comprising:
a processor; and and a memory operably coupled to the memory, wherein the processor, when executing program instructions stored in the memory, is configured to:
cause the UE to receive a message for RRC Connection Reconfiguration from an eNodeB (eNB), wherein the message for RRC Connection Reconfiguration comprises an index for a first secondary cell (scell) and an index for a second scell;
cause the UE to receive a PDCCH order from the eNB, wherein the PDCCH order comprises a random access preamble index;
cause the UE to transmit a random access preamble associated with the random access preamble index to the eNB using the first scell;
cause the UE to receive a random access response from the eNB using a primary cell, wherein the random access response includes a timing advance value; and
cause the UE to transmit user data to the eNB using the second scell at least based on the timing advance value. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the communication apparatus to receive a message for activating the first scell from the eNB. 11. The device of claim 9, wherein the PDCCH order is received using the first scell. 12. The device of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to start a timing alignment timer after receiving the random access response. | 1,700 |
349,252 | 16,806,816 | 1,766 | This invention discloses a light emitting semiconductor device including a light-emitting structure and an external optical element. The optical element couples to the light-emitting structure circumferentially. In addition, the refractive index of the external optical element is greater than or about the same as that of a transparent substrate of the light-emitting structure, or in-between that of the transparent substrate and the encapsulant material. | 1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a submount comprising a first top surface, a first bottom surface, and an outmost side surface; a light-emitting structure disposed on the submount, and having a pad; a lead comprising a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion is exposed on the first top surface, and the second portion is connected to the first portion and covers the outmost side surface from the first top surface to the first bottom surface; and an optical element surrounding the light-emitting structure in a configuration of exposing the pad and devoid of laterally contacting the second portion. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising an encapsulant material covering the submount, light-emitting structure, and the optical element. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein the encapsulant material is connected to the light-emitting structure. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein the light-emitting structure comprises a second top surface, the encapsulant material connects to the second top surface. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a reflective structure formed between the optical element and the submount. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the second portion is substantially perpendicular to the first portion. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the optical element is not directly connected to the submount. | This invention discloses a light emitting semiconductor device including a light-emitting structure and an external optical element. The optical element couples to the light-emitting structure circumferentially. In addition, the refractive index of the external optical element is greater than or about the same as that of a transparent substrate of the light-emitting structure, or in-between that of the transparent substrate and the encapsulant material.1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a submount comprising a first top surface, a first bottom surface, and an outmost side surface; a light-emitting structure disposed on the submount, and having a pad; a lead comprising a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion is exposed on the first top surface, and the second portion is connected to the first portion and covers the outmost side surface from the first top surface to the first bottom surface; and an optical element surrounding the light-emitting structure in a configuration of exposing the pad and devoid of laterally contacting the second portion. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising an encapsulant material covering the submount, light-emitting structure, and the optical element. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein the encapsulant material is connected to the light-emitting structure. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein the light-emitting structure comprises a second top surface, the encapsulant material connects to the second top surface. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a reflective structure formed between the optical element and the submount. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the second portion is substantially perpendicular to the first portion. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the optical element is not directly connected to the submount. | 1,700 |
349,253 | 16,806,843 | 1,766 | A display device includes: a substrate including a first display area and a second display area, the second display area including transmissive areas; first opposite electrodes spaced apart from each other over the substrate; and second opposite electrodes including an overlapping portion that overlaps the first opposite electrodes over the substrate, the second opposite electrodes being spaced apart from each other, wherein connection opposite electrodes, in which the first opposite electrodes and the second opposite electrodes are connected by the overlapping portion in the second display area, are alternately arranged with the transmissive areas, each of the first opposite electrodes is arranged to correspond to a first pixel area including a plurality of sub-pixels, and each of the second opposite electrodes is arranged to correspond to a second pixel area neighboring the first pixel area and including a plurality of sub-pixels. | 1. A display device comprising:
a substrate including a first display area and a second display area, the second display area including transmissive areas; first opposite electrodes spaced apart from each other over the substrate; and second opposite electrodes respectively including overlapping portions that overlap the first opposite electrodes over the substrate, the second opposite electrodes being spaced apart from each other, wherein connection opposite electrodes, in which the first opposite electrodes are connected to the second opposite electrodes by the overlapping portion in the second display area, are alternately arranged with the transmissive areas, each of the first opposite electrodes is arranged to correspond to a first pixel area including a plurality of sub-pixels, and each of the second opposite electrodes is arranged to correspond to a second pixel area neighboring the first pixel area and including a plurality of sub-pixels. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the overlapping portion includes a first overlapping portion and a second overlapping portion, a first central opposite electrode, which is one of the first opposite electrodes, overlaps a second central opposite electrode, which is one of the second opposite electrodes, in the first overlapping portion, and the second central opposite electrode overlaps a first peripheral opposite electrode, which is another of the first opposite electrodes, in the second overlapping portion. 3. The display device of claim 2, wherein
an extension line of the first overlapping portion in a lengthwise direction intersects with an extension line of the second overlapping portion in a lengthwise direction. 4. The display device of claim 3, wherein
the first overlapping portion contacts the second overlapping portion. 5. The display device of claim 2, wherein
an extension line of the first overlapping portion in a lengthwise direction is parallel to an extension line of the second overlapping portion in a lengthwise direction. 6. The display device of claim 2, wherein
the overlapping portion further includes a third overlapping portion, and the first peripheral opposite electrode overlaps a second peripheral opposite electrode, which is another of the second opposite electrodes, in the third overlapping portion. 7. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the overlapping portion includes a second overlapping portion and a third overlapping portion, a second central opposite electrode, which is one of the second opposite electrodes, overlaps a first peripheral opposite electrode, which is one of the first opposite electrodes, in the second overlapping portion, and the first peripheral opposite electrode overlaps a second peripheral opposite electrode, which is another of the second opposite electrodes, in the third overlapping portion. 8. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the first pixel area and the second pixel area constitute a virtual quadrangle, the plurality of sub-pixels include a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel, and a third sub-pixel emitting light of different colors, and are respectively arranged at vertexes of the virtual quadrangle, and the second sub-pixels face each other around a center of the virtual quadrangle. 9. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the first pixel area and the second pixel area constitute a virtual quadrangle, the plurality of sub-pixels include a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel, and a third sub-pixel emitting light having different colors, and are respectively arranged at vertexes of the virtual quadrangle, and the first sub-pixel faces the third sub-pixel around a center of the virtual quadrangle. 10. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the first pixel area and the second pixel area are each surrounded by the overlapping portion in the first display area. 11. The display device of claim 1, wherein
an interval between the first opposite electrodes neighboring each other and arranged in a first direction in the first display area is different from an interval between the first opposite electrodes neighboring each other and arranged in the first direction in the second display area. 12. A method of manufacturing a display device, the method comprising:
preparing a substrate including a first display area and a second display area, the second display area including transmissive areas; forming first opposite electrodes by using a first mask including first openings spaced apart from each other; and forming second opposite electrodes including an overlapping portion that overlaps the first opposite electrodes by using a second mask including second openings spaced apart from each other, wherein connection opposite electrodes, in which the first opposite electrodes are connected to the second opposite electrodes by the overlapping portion in the second display area, are alternately arranged with the transmissive areas, each of the first opposite electrodes is arranged to correspond to a first pixel area including a plurality of sub-pixels, and each of the second opposite electrodes is arranged to correspond to a second pixel area neighboring the first pixel area and including a plurality of sub-pixels. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein
the overlapping portion includes a first overlapping portion and a second overlapping portion, a first central opposite electrode, which is one of the first opposite electrodes, overlaps a second opposite electrode, which is one of the second opposite electrodes, in the first overlapping portion, and the second opposite electrode overlaps a first peripheral opposite electrode, which is another of the first opposite electrodes, in the second overlapping portion. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein
an extension line of the first overlapping portion in a lengthwise direction intersects with an extension line of the second overlapping portion in a lengthwise direction. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein
an extension line of the first overlapping portion in a lengthwise direction is parallel to an extension line of the second overlapping portion in a lengthwise direction. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein
the overlapping portion further includes a third overlapping portion, the first peripheral opposite electrode overlaps a second peripheral opposite electrode, which is another of the second opposite electrodes, in the third overlapping portion. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein
a shape of the first openings and a shape of the second openings are each a rectangular shape including a long side and a short side, and the shape of the first openings is different from the shape of the second openings. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein
a shape of the first openings and a shape of the second openings are each a rectangular shape including a long side and a short side, and the shape of the first openings is the same as the shape of the second openings. 19. The method of claim 12, wherein
the first pixel area and the second pixel area constitute a virtual quadrangle, the plurality of sub-pixels include a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel, and a third sub-pixel emitting light of different colors, and are respectively arranged at vertexes of the virtual quadrangle, the second sub-pixels face each other around a center of the virtual quadrangle, and the first sub-pixel faces the third sub-pixel around the center of the virtual quadrangle. 20. The method of claim 12, wherein
an interval between the first opposite electrodes neighboring each other and arranged in a first direction in the first display area is different from an interval between the first opposite electrodes neighboring each other and arranged in the first direction in the second display area. | A display device includes: a substrate including a first display area and a second display area, the second display area including transmissive areas; first opposite electrodes spaced apart from each other over the substrate; and second opposite electrodes including an overlapping portion that overlaps the first opposite electrodes over the substrate, the second opposite electrodes being spaced apart from each other, wherein connection opposite electrodes, in which the first opposite electrodes and the second opposite electrodes are connected by the overlapping portion in the second display area, are alternately arranged with the transmissive areas, each of the first opposite electrodes is arranged to correspond to a first pixel area including a plurality of sub-pixels, and each of the second opposite electrodes is arranged to correspond to a second pixel area neighboring the first pixel area and including a plurality of sub-pixels.1. A display device comprising:
a substrate including a first display area and a second display area, the second display area including transmissive areas; first opposite electrodes spaced apart from each other over the substrate; and second opposite electrodes respectively including overlapping portions that overlap the first opposite electrodes over the substrate, the second opposite electrodes being spaced apart from each other, wherein connection opposite electrodes, in which the first opposite electrodes are connected to the second opposite electrodes by the overlapping portion in the second display area, are alternately arranged with the transmissive areas, each of the first opposite electrodes is arranged to correspond to a first pixel area including a plurality of sub-pixels, and each of the second opposite electrodes is arranged to correspond to a second pixel area neighboring the first pixel area and including a plurality of sub-pixels. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the overlapping portion includes a first overlapping portion and a second overlapping portion, a first central opposite electrode, which is one of the first opposite electrodes, overlaps a second central opposite electrode, which is one of the second opposite electrodes, in the first overlapping portion, and the second central opposite electrode overlaps a first peripheral opposite electrode, which is another of the first opposite electrodes, in the second overlapping portion. 3. The display device of claim 2, wherein
an extension line of the first overlapping portion in a lengthwise direction intersects with an extension line of the second overlapping portion in a lengthwise direction. 4. The display device of claim 3, wherein
the first overlapping portion contacts the second overlapping portion. 5. The display device of claim 2, wherein
an extension line of the first overlapping portion in a lengthwise direction is parallel to an extension line of the second overlapping portion in a lengthwise direction. 6. The display device of claim 2, wherein
the overlapping portion further includes a third overlapping portion, and the first peripheral opposite electrode overlaps a second peripheral opposite electrode, which is another of the second opposite electrodes, in the third overlapping portion. 7. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the overlapping portion includes a second overlapping portion and a third overlapping portion, a second central opposite electrode, which is one of the second opposite electrodes, overlaps a first peripheral opposite electrode, which is one of the first opposite electrodes, in the second overlapping portion, and the first peripheral opposite electrode overlaps a second peripheral opposite electrode, which is another of the second opposite electrodes, in the third overlapping portion. 8. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the first pixel area and the second pixel area constitute a virtual quadrangle, the plurality of sub-pixels include a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel, and a third sub-pixel emitting light of different colors, and are respectively arranged at vertexes of the virtual quadrangle, and the second sub-pixels face each other around a center of the virtual quadrangle. 9. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the first pixel area and the second pixel area constitute a virtual quadrangle, the plurality of sub-pixels include a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel, and a third sub-pixel emitting light having different colors, and are respectively arranged at vertexes of the virtual quadrangle, and the first sub-pixel faces the third sub-pixel around a center of the virtual quadrangle. 10. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the first pixel area and the second pixel area are each surrounded by the overlapping portion in the first display area. 11. The display device of claim 1, wherein
an interval between the first opposite electrodes neighboring each other and arranged in a first direction in the first display area is different from an interval between the first opposite electrodes neighboring each other and arranged in the first direction in the second display area. 12. A method of manufacturing a display device, the method comprising:
preparing a substrate including a first display area and a second display area, the second display area including transmissive areas; forming first opposite electrodes by using a first mask including first openings spaced apart from each other; and forming second opposite electrodes including an overlapping portion that overlaps the first opposite electrodes by using a second mask including second openings spaced apart from each other, wherein connection opposite electrodes, in which the first opposite electrodes are connected to the second opposite electrodes by the overlapping portion in the second display area, are alternately arranged with the transmissive areas, each of the first opposite electrodes is arranged to correspond to a first pixel area including a plurality of sub-pixels, and each of the second opposite electrodes is arranged to correspond to a second pixel area neighboring the first pixel area and including a plurality of sub-pixels. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein
the overlapping portion includes a first overlapping portion and a second overlapping portion, a first central opposite electrode, which is one of the first opposite electrodes, overlaps a second opposite electrode, which is one of the second opposite electrodes, in the first overlapping portion, and the second opposite electrode overlaps a first peripheral opposite electrode, which is another of the first opposite electrodes, in the second overlapping portion. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein
an extension line of the first overlapping portion in a lengthwise direction intersects with an extension line of the second overlapping portion in a lengthwise direction. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein
an extension line of the first overlapping portion in a lengthwise direction is parallel to an extension line of the second overlapping portion in a lengthwise direction. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein
the overlapping portion further includes a third overlapping portion, the first peripheral opposite electrode overlaps a second peripheral opposite electrode, which is another of the second opposite electrodes, in the third overlapping portion. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein
a shape of the first openings and a shape of the second openings are each a rectangular shape including a long side and a short side, and the shape of the first openings is different from the shape of the second openings. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein
a shape of the first openings and a shape of the second openings are each a rectangular shape including a long side and a short side, and the shape of the first openings is the same as the shape of the second openings. 19. The method of claim 12, wherein
the first pixel area and the second pixel area constitute a virtual quadrangle, the plurality of sub-pixels include a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel, and a third sub-pixel emitting light of different colors, and are respectively arranged at vertexes of the virtual quadrangle, the second sub-pixels face each other around a center of the virtual quadrangle, and the first sub-pixel faces the third sub-pixel around the center of the virtual quadrangle. 20. The method of claim 12, wherein
an interval between the first opposite electrodes neighboring each other and arranged in a first direction in the first display area is different from an interval between the first opposite electrodes neighboring each other and arranged in the first direction in the second display area. | 1,700 |
349,254 | 16,806,802 | 1,766 | Provided in the embodiments of the present application are a message display method, wherein the method comprises: receiving a message from an application program; displaying a message notification for the message in a first display area on a screen; and additionally displaying an operation control corresponding to the message notification in a navigation bar, the operation control being a control used for processing the message notification, and the navigation bar being located in a second display area on the screen. | 1. A method of message display, comprising:
receiving a message from an application program; displaying a message notification for the message in a first display area on a screen; and additionally displaying an operation control corresponding to the message notification in a navigation bar, wherein the operation control is a control configured to process the message notification, and the navigation bar is located in a second display area on the screen. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
after the additionally displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification in the navigation bar: receiving a first touch signal triggered on the operation control; and displaying a second user interface of the application program according to the first touch signal, wherein the second user interface is configured to display message content of the message. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, the displaying the second user interface of the application program according to the first touch signal comprises:
generating a pending intent message according to the first touch signal; determining the application program according to the pending intent message; and calling the application program according to the pending intent message, and displaying the second user interface through the application program. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
after the additionally displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification in the navigation bar, when a displaying time length of the message notification reaches a preset displaying time length, stopping displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification in the navigation bar. 5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising:
when a displaying time length of the message notification reaches a preset displaying time length, stopping displaying the message notification of the message on the first display area. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
after the additionally displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification in the navigation bar: receiving a second touch signal triggered on the operation control; stopping displaying the message notification on a first user interface according to the second touch signal; and stopping displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification in the navigation bar. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
after the additionally displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification in the navigation bar: receiving a third touch signal triggered on the operation control; and deleting the message according to the third touch signal. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein, the navigation bar displays at least one virtual button; and
the additionally displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification in the navigation bar comprises:
determining a holding manner for a terminal, wherein the holding manner includes a left hand holding manner and a right hand holding manner;
when the holding manner is the left hand holding manner, additionally displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification at the left of the virtual button in the navigation bar; and
when the holding manner is the right hand holding manner, additionally displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification at the right of the virtual button in the navigation bar. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein, the message is a short message and the application program is a short message application program; or the message is a goods message and the application program is a shopping application program; or the message is a news message and the application program is a news application program; or the message is a reminder message and the application program is a memorandum application program; or the message is a multimedia message and the application program is a player application program; or the message is an instant communication message and the application program is an instant communication application program. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in the displaying a message notification for the message in a first display area on a screen, display manners of the message notification include at least one of: displaying the message notification in a status bar on the screen, displaying the message notification on a banner popped up from the screen, displaying the message notification on a lock screen interface of the screen, or displaying the message notification in an superimposing manner at any position of a user interface of the screen. 11. A terminal comprising a processor and a memory; wherein, the processor stores at least one instruction, and the at least one instruction is loaded and executed by the processor to implement a method of message display, the method comprising: receiving a message from an application program;
displaying a message notification for the message in a first display area on a screen; and additionally displaying an operation control corresponding to the message notification in a navigation bar, wherein the operation control is a control configured to process the message notification, and the navigation bar is located in a second display area on the screen. 12. The terminal according to claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
after the additionally displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification in the navigation bar: receiving a first touch signal triggered on the operation control; and displaying a second user interface of the application program according to the first touch signal, wherein the second user interface is configured to display message content of the message. 13. The terminal according to claim 12, wherein, the displaying the second user interface of the application program according to the first touch signal comprises:
generating a pending intent message according to the first touch signal; determining the application program according to the pending intent message; and calling the application program according to the pending intent message, and displaying the second user interface through the application program. 14. The terminal according to claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
after the additionally displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification in the navigation bar, when a displaying time length of the message notification reaches a preset displaying time length, stopping displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification in the navigation bar. 15. The terminal according to claim 14, further comprising:
when a displaying time length of the message notification reaches a preset displaying time length, stopping displaying the message notification of the message on the first display area. 16. The terminal according to claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
after the additionally displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification in the navigation bar: receiving a second touch signal triggered on the operation control; stopping displaying the message notification on a first user interface according to the second touch signal; and stopping displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification in the navigation bar. 17. The terminal according to claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
after the additionally displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification in the navigation bar: receiving a third touch signal triggered on the operation control; and deleting the message according to the third touch signal. 18. The terminal according to claim 11, wherein, the navigation bar displays at least one virtual button; and
the additionally displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification in the navigation bar comprises:
determining a holding manner for a terminal, wherein the holding manner includes a left hand holding manner and a right hand holding manner;
when the holding manner is the left hand holding manner, additionally displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification at the left of the virtual button in the navigation bar; and
when the holding manner is the right hand holding manner, additionally displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification at the right of the virtual button in the navigation bar. 19. The terminal according to claim 11, wherein, in the displaying a message notification for the message in a first display area on a screen, display manners of the message notification include at least one of displaying the message notification in a status bar on the screen, displaying the message notification on a banner popped up from the screen, displaying the message notification on a lock screen interface of the screen, or displaying the message notification in an superimposing manner at any position of a user interface of the screen. 20. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, wherein, the non-transitory computer readable storage medium stores at least one instruction, and the at least one instruction is loaded and executed by a processor to implement a message display method comprising:
receiving a message from an application program; displaying a message notification for the message in a first display area on a screen; and additionally displaying an operation control corresponding to the message notification in a navigation bar, wherein the operation control is a control configured to process the message notification, and the navigation bar is located in a second display area on the screen. | Provided in the embodiments of the present application are a message display method, wherein the method comprises: receiving a message from an application program; displaying a message notification for the message in a first display area on a screen; and additionally displaying an operation control corresponding to the message notification in a navigation bar, the operation control being a control used for processing the message notification, and the navigation bar being located in a second display area on the screen.1. A method of message display, comprising:
receiving a message from an application program; displaying a message notification for the message in a first display area on a screen; and additionally displaying an operation control corresponding to the message notification in a navigation bar, wherein the operation control is a control configured to process the message notification, and the navigation bar is located in a second display area on the screen. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
after the additionally displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification in the navigation bar: receiving a first touch signal triggered on the operation control; and displaying a second user interface of the application program according to the first touch signal, wherein the second user interface is configured to display message content of the message. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, the displaying the second user interface of the application program according to the first touch signal comprises:
generating a pending intent message according to the first touch signal; determining the application program according to the pending intent message; and calling the application program according to the pending intent message, and displaying the second user interface through the application program. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
after the additionally displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification in the navigation bar, when a displaying time length of the message notification reaches a preset displaying time length, stopping displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification in the navigation bar. 5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising:
when a displaying time length of the message notification reaches a preset displaying time length, stopping displaying the message notification of the message on the first display area. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
after the additionally displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification in the navigation bar: receiving a second touch signal triggered on the operation control; stopping displaying the message notification on a first user interface according to the second touch signal; and stopping displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification in the navigation bar. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
after the additionally displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification in the navigation bar: receiving a third touch signal triggered on the operation control; and deleting the message according to the third touch signal. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein, the navigation bar displays at least one virtual button; and
the additionally displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification in the navigation bar comprises:
determining a holding manner for a terminal, wherein the holding manner includes a left hand holding manner and a right hand holding manner;
when the holding manner is the left hand holding manner, additionally displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification at the left of the virtual button in the navigation bar; and
when the holding manner is the right hand holding manner, additionally displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification at the right of the virtual button in the navigation bar. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein, the message is a short message and the application program is a short message application program; or the message is a goods message and the application program is a shopping application program; or the message is a news message and the application program is a news application program; or the message is a reminder message and the application program is a memorandum application program; or the message is a multimedia message and the application program is a player application program; or the message is an instant communication message and the application program is an instant communication application program. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in the displaying a message notification for the message in a first display area on a screen, display manners of the message notification include at least one of: displaying the message notification in a status bar on the screen, displaying the message notification on a banner popped up from the screen, displaying the message notification on a lock screen interface of the screen, or displaying the message notification in an superimposing manner at any position of a user interface of the screen. 11. A terminal comprising a processor and a memory; wherein, the processor stores at least one instruction, and the at least one instruction is loaded and executed by the processor to implement a method of message display, the method comprising: receiving a message from an application program;
displaying a message notification for the message in a first display area on a screen; and additionally displaying an operation control corresponding to the message notification in a navigation bar, wherein the operation control is a control configured to process the message notification, and the navigation bar is located in a second display area on the screen. 12. The terminal according to claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
after the additionally displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification in the navigation bar: receiving a first touch signal triggered on the operation control; and displaying a second user interface of the application program according to the first touch signal, wherein the second user interface is configured to display message content of the message. 13. The terminal according to claim 12, wherein, the displaying the second user interface of the application program according to the first touch signal comprises:
generating a pending intent message according to the first touch signal; determining the application program according to the pending intent message; and calling the application program according to the pending intent message, and displaying the second user interface through the application program. 14. The terminal according to claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
after the additionally displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification in the navigation bar, when a displaying time length of the message notification reaches a preset displaying time length, stopping displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification in the navigation bar. 15. The terminal according to claim 14, further comprising:
when a displaying time length of the message notification reaches a preset displaying time length, stopping displaying the message notification of the message on the first display area. 16. The terminal according to claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
after the additionally displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification in the navigation bar: receiving a second touch signal triggered on the operation control; stopping displaying the message notification on a first user interface according to the second touch signal; and stopping displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification in the navigation bar. 17. The terminal according to claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
after the additionally displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification in the navigation bar: receiving a third touch signal triggered on the operation control; and deleting the message according to the third touch signal. 18. The terminal according to claim 11, wherein, the navigation bar displays at least one virtual button; and
the additionally displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification in the navigation bar comprises:
determining a holding manner for a terminal, wherein the holding manner includes a left hand holding manner and a right hand holding manner;
when the holding manner is the left hand holding manner, additionally displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification at the left of the virtual button in the navigation bar; and
when the holding manner is the right hand holding manner, additionally displaying the operation control corresponding to the message notification at the right of the virtual button in the navigation bar. 19. The terminal according to claim 11, wherein, in the displaying a message notification for the message in a first display area on a screen, display manners of the message notification include at least one of displaying the message notification in a status bar on the screen, displaying the message notification on a banner popped up from the screen, displaying the message notification on a lock screen interface of the screen, or displaying the message notification in an superimposing manner at any position of a user interface of the screen. 20. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, wherein, the non-transitory computer readable storage medium stores at least one instruction, and the at least one instruction is loaded and executed by a processor to implement a message display method comprising:
receiving a message from an application program; displaying a message notification for the message in a first display area on a screen; and additionally displaying an operation control corresponding to the message notification in a navigation bar, wherein the operation control is a control configured to process the message notification, and the navigation bar is located in a second display area on the screen. | 1,700 |
349,255 | 16,806,808 | 1,766 | In various examples, there is provided methods performed by nodes in a cluster of nodes to establish a master clock at a new master node following a reconfiguration of the nodes included in the cluster, whereby the master clock is provided by an old master node prior to the reconfiguration, and synchronize a local clock of slave nodes to clock of the new master node. The new master node sends a message to the slave nodes instructing them to disable their respective local clocks, receives acknowledgements that the local clocks have been disabled, waits until a time at which all leases have expired for any nodes removed from the cluster, sets the value of its clock to be greater than a maximum value that could have been provided by the old master node at the time the leases expired and indicates to the other nodes to re-enable their local clocks. | 1. A method performed by a new master node in a cluster of nodes to establish a master clock using a local clock on the new master node following a reconfiguration of the nodes included in the cluster, wherein each of the nodes in the cluster comprises a respective local clock which is synchronized to the master clock, the master clock being provided by an old master node prior to the reconfiguration, the method comprising:
sending a message to the other nodes in the cluster of nodes instructing them to disable their respective local clocks; receiving respective acknowledgements from the other nodes in the cluster of nodes indicating that their respective local clocks have been disabled; identifying a time at which all leases of any nodes which have been removed from the cluster of nodes by the reconfiguration will have expired; waiting until the identified time has passed; determining a maximum value that the master clock provided by the old master node could have been at the identified time; setting the local clock to be greater than the maximum value; and indicating to the other nodes in the cluster of nodes to re-enable their respective local clocks. | In various examples, there is provided methods performed by nodes in a cluster of nodes to establish a master clock at a new master node following a reconfiguration of the nodes included in the cluster, whereby the master clock is provided by an old master node prior to the reconfiguration, and synchronize a local clock of slave nodes to clock of the new master node. The new master node sends a message to the slave nodes instructing them to disable their respective local clocks, receives acknowledgements that the local clocks have been disabled, waits until a time at which all leases have expired for any nodes removed from the cluster, sets the value of its clock to be greater than a maximum value that could have been provided by the old master node at the time the leases expired and indicates to the other nodes to re-enable their local clocks.1. A method performed by a new master node in a cluster of nodes to establish a master clock using a local clock on the new master node following a reconfiguration of the nodes included in the cluster, wherein each of the nodes in the cluster comprises a respective local clock which is synchronized to the master clock, the master clock being provided by an old master node prior to the reconfiguration, the method comprising:
sending a message to the other nodes in the cluster of nodes instructing them to disable their respective local clocks; receiving respective acknowledgements from the other nodes in the cluster of nodes indicating that their respective local clocks have been disabled; identifying a time at which all leases of any nodes which have been removed from the cluster of nodes by the reconfiguration will have expired; waiting until the identified time has passed; determining a maximum value that the master clock provided by the old master node could have been at the identified time; setting the local clock to be greater than the maximum value; and indicating to the other nodes in the cluster of nodes to re-enable their respective local clocks. | 1,700 |
349,256 | 16,806,848 | 1,766 | A method for generating an employee benefit plan. The process collects employment data about employees of a plurality of business entities. The employment data comprises a number of dimensions of data collected from a number of sources. The process identifies a number of plan benefits for benefit plan for each of the business entities. The process determines metrics for the plan benefits during a given time interval. The process simultaneously models the plan benefits and the metrics for plan benefits to identify correlations among the dimensions of data and generalize rules for competitive benefit prediction. According to the modeling, the process predicts a number of competitive benefits for an employee benefit plan of a particular business entity based on the employment data of the particular business entity. The process generates the employee benefit plan for the particular business entity based on the number of competitive benefits. | 1. A computer-implemented method generating an employee benefit plan, the method comprising:
collecting, by a computer system, employment data about employees of a plurality of business entities, wherein the employment data comprises a number of dimensions of data collected from a number of sources; identifying, by the computer system, a number of plan benefits for benefit plan for each of the business entities; determining, by the computer system, metrics for the plan benefits during a given time interval; simultaneously modeling, by the computer system, the plan benefits and the metrics for plan benefits to identify correlations among the number of dimensions of data and generalize rules for competitive benefit prediction; predicting, by the computer system according to the modeling, a number of competitive benefits for an employee benefit plan of a particular business entity based on the employment data of the particular business entity; and generating, by the computer system, the employee benefit plan for the particular business entity based on the number of competitive benefits. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein modeling the employment data and plan benefits comprises:
predicting, with a recurrent neural network, competitive benefits for the business entities according to the metrics for the plan benefits during a given time interval; computing, with a number of fully connected neural networks, a probability density function for each competitive benefit predicted by the recurrent neural network; and calculating a weighted average of the probability density functions. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein a separate fully connected neural network calculates the probability density function for each competitive benefit. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the competitive benefit comprises one of employer-provided contributions to retirement plans, health insurance, or life insurance. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein metrics comprises a normalized benefit participation score. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein business entities are grouped according to a number of shared static features. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein predicting number of competitive benefits for the employee benefit plan of the particular business entity is based on employment data of the particular business entity and employment data of a number of other business entities sharing specified static features. 8. A computer system for generating an employee benefit plan, the computer system comprising:
a bus system; a storage device connected to the bus system, wherein the storage device stores program instructions; and a number of processors connected to the bus system, wherein the number of processors execute the program instructions:
to collect employment data for a plurality of business entities, wherein the employment data comprises a number of dimensions of data collected from a number of sources;
to identify a benefit plan for each of the business entities;
to determine metrics for plan benefits of the benefit plans during a given time interval;
to simultaneously model the employment data and the metrics for plan benefits to identify correlations among the number of dimensions of data and generalize rules for competitive benefit prediction;
to forecast, according to the modeling, a number of competitive benefits for an employee benefit plan of a particular business entity based on the employment data of the particular business entity; and
to generate the employee benefit plan for the particular business entity according to the number of competitive benefits. 9. The computer system of claim 8, wherein in modeling the employment data and plan benefits, the number of processors further execute the program instructions:
to predict competitive benefits for the business entities according to the metrics for the plan benefits during a given time interval; to compute, with a number of fully connected neural networks, a probability density function for each competitive benefit predicted by the recurrent neural network; and to calculate a weighted average of the probability density functions. 10. The computer system of claim 9, wherein a separate fully connected neural network calculates the probability density function for each competitive benefit. 11. The computer system of claim 8, wherein the competitive benefit one of employer-provided contributions to retirement plans, health insurance, or life insurance. 12. The computer system of claim 8, wherein metrics for plan benefits comprise a normalized benefit participation score. 13. The computer system of claim 8, wherein business entities are grouped according to a number of shared static features. 14. The computer system of claim 13, wherein the predicting number of competitive benefits for the employee benefit plan of the particular business entity is based on employment data of the particular business entity and employment data of a number of other business entities sharing specified static features. 15. A computer program product for generating an employee benefit plan, the computer program product comprising:
a non-volatile computer-readable storage media; and program code, stored on the computer-readable storage media, executable by a computer system to cause the computer system to collect employment data for a plurality of business entities, wherein the employment data comprises a number of dimensions of data collected from a number of sources; program code, stored on the computer-readable storage media, executable by the computer system to cause the computer system to identify a benefit plan for each of the business entities; program code, stored on the computer-readable storage media, executable by the computer system to cause the computer system to determine metrics for plan benefits of the benefit plans during a given time interval; program code, stored on the computer-readable storage media, executable by the computer system to cause the computer system to simultaneously model the employment data and the metrics for plan benefits to identify correlations among the dimensions of data and generalize rules for competitive benefit prediction; program code, stored on the computer-readable storage media, executable by the computer system to cause the computer system to forecast according to the modeling, a number of competitive benefits for an employee benefit plan of a particular business entity based on the employment data of the particular business entity; and program code, stored on the computer-readable storage media, executable by the computer system to cause the computer system to generate the employee benefit plan for the particular business entity according to the number of competitive benefits. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the program code for modeling the employment data and plan benefits comprises:
program code for predicting, with a recurrent neural network, competitive benefits for the business entities according to the metrics for the plan benefits during a given time interval; program code for computing, with a number of fully connected neural networks, a probability density function for each competitive benefit predicted by the recurrent neural network; and program code for calculating a weighted average of the probability density functions. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein a separate fully connected neural network calculates the probability density function for each competitive benefit. 18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the competitive benefit comprises employer-provided contributions to retirement plans, health insurance, or life insurance. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein metrics for plan benefits comprise a normalized benefit participation score. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein business entities are grouped according to a number of shared static features. 21. The computer program product of claim 20, wherein the predicting number of competitive benefits for the employee benefit plan of the particular business entity is based on employment data of the particular business entity and employment data of a number of other business entities sharing specified static features. | A method for generating an employee benefit plan. The process collects employment data about employees of a plurality of business entities. The employment data comprises a number of dimensions of data collected from a number of sources. The process identifies a number of plan benefits for benefit plan for each of the business entities. The process determines metrics for the plan benefits during a given time interval. The process simultaneously models the plan benefits and the metrics for plan benefits to identify correlations among the dimensions of data and generalize rules for competitive benefit prediction. According to the modeling, the process predicts a number of competitive benefits for an employee benefit plan of a particular business entity based on the employment data of the particular business entity. The process generates the employee benefit plan for the particular business entity based on the number of competitive benefits.1. A computer-implemented method generating an employee benefit plan, the method comprising:
collecting, by a computer system, employment data about employees of a plurality of business entities, wherein the employment data comprises a number of dimensions of data collected from a number of sources; identifying, by the computer system, a number of plan benefits for benefit plan for each of the business entities; determining, by the computer system, metrics for the plan benefits during a given time interval; simultaneously modeling, by the computer system, the plan benefits and the metrics for plan benefits to identify correlations among the number of dimensions of data and generalize rules for competitive benefit prediction; predicting, by the computer system according to the modeling, a number of competitive benefits for an employee benefit plan of a particular business entity based on the employment data of the particular business entity; and generating, by the computer system, the employee benefit plan for the particular business entity based on the number of competitive benefits. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein modeling the employment data and plan benefits comprises:
predicting, with a recurrent neural network, competitive benefits for the business entities according to the metrics for the plan benefits during a given time interval; computing, with a number of fully connected neural networks, a probability density function for each competitive benefit predicted by the recurrent neural network; and calculating a weighted average of the probability density functions. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein a separate fully connected neural network calculates the probability density function for each competitive benefit. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the competitive benefit comprises one of employer-provided contributions to retirement plans, health insurance, or life insurance. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein metrics comprises a normalized benefit participation score. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein business entities are grouped according to a number of shared static features. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein predicting number of competitive benefits for the employee benefit plan of the particular business entity is based on employment data of the particular business entity and employment data of a number of other business entities sharing specified static features. 8. A computer system for generating an employee benefit plan, the computer system comprising:
a bus system; a storage device connected to the bus system, wherein the storage device stores program instructions; and a number of processors connected to the bus system, wherein the number of processors execute the program instructions:
to collect employment data for a plurality of business entities, wherein the employment data comprises a number of dimensions of data collected from a number of sources;
to identify a benefit plan for each of the business entities;
to determine metrics for plan benefits of the benefit plans during a given time interval;
to simultaneously model the employment data and the metrics for plan benefits to identify correlations among the number of dimensions of data and generalize rules for competitive benefit prediction;
to forecast, according to the modeling, a number of competitive benefits for an employee benefit plan of a particular business entity based on the employment data of the particular business entity; and
to generate the employee benefit plan for the particular business entity according to the number of competitive benefits. 9. The computer system of claim 8, wherein in modeling the employment data and plan benefits, the number of processors further execute the program instructions:
to predict competitive benefits for the business entities according to the metrics for the plan benefits during a given time interval; to compute, with a number of fully connected neural networks, a probability density function for each competitive benefit predicted by the recurrent neural network; and to calculate a weighted average of the probability density functions. 10. The computer system of claim 9, wherein a separate fully connected neural network calculates the probability density function for each competitive benefit. 11. The computer system of claim 8, wherein the competitive benefit one of employer-provided contributions to retirement plans, health insurance, or life insurance. 12. The computer system of claim 8, wherein metrics for plan benefits comprise a normalized benefit participation score. 13. The computer system of claim 8, wherein business entities are grouped according to a number of shared static features. 14. The computer system of claim 13, wherein the predicting number of competitive benefits for the employee benefit plan of the particular business entity is based on employment data of the particular business entity and employment data of a number of other business entities sharing specified static features. 15. A computer program product for generating an employee benefit plan, the computer program product comprising:
a non-volatile computer-readable storage media; and program code, stored on the computer-readable storage media, executable by a computer system to cause the computer system to collect employment data for a plurality of business entities, wherein the employment data comprises a number of dimensions of data collected from a number of sources; program code, stored on the computer-readable storage media, executable by the computer system to cause the computer system to identify a benefit plan for each of the business entities; program code, stored on the computer-readable storage media, executable by the computer system to cause the computer system to determine metrics for plan benefits of the benefit plans during a given time interval; program code, stored on the computer-readable storage media, executable by the computer system to cause the computer system to simultaneously model the employment data and the metrics for plan benefits to identify correlations among the dimensions of data and generalize rules for competitive benefit prediction; program code, stored on the computer-readable storage media, executable by the computer system to cause the computer system to forecast according to the modeling, a number of competitive benefits for an employee benefit plan of a particular business entity based on the employment data of the particular business entity; and program code, stored on the computer-readable storage media, executable by the computer system to cause the computer system to generate the employee benefit plan for the particular business entity according to the number of competitive benefits. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the program code for modeling the employment data and plan benefits comprises:
program code for predicting, with a recurrent neural network, competitive benefits for the business entities according to the metrics for the plan benefits during a given time interval; program code for computing, with a number of fully connected neural networks, a probability density function for each competitive benefit predicted by the recurrent neural network; and program code for calculating a weighted average of the probability density functions. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein a separate fully connected neural network calculates the probability density function for each competitive benefit. 18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the competitive benefit comprises employer-provided contributions to retirement plans, health insurance, or life insurance. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein metrics for plan benefits comprise a normalized benefit participation score. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein business entities are grouped according to a number of shared static features. 21. The computer program product of claim 20, wherein the predicting number of competitive benefits for the employee benefit plan of the particular business entity is based on employment data of the particular business entity and employment data of a number of other business entities sharing specified static features. | 1,700 |
349,257 | 16,806,800 | 1,766 | A surface cleaning apparatus comprises an air treatment member having an air treatment chamber. A moveable member is positioned in the air treatment chamber. A driving assembly is drivingly connected to the moveable member wherein the driving assembly is reconfigurable between a stored position and an operable position in which the driving assembly is operable to longitudinally translate the moveable member through at least a portion of the chamber. | 1. A surface cleaning apparatus comprising:
(a) an air flow path extending from a dirty air inlet to a clean air outlet; (b) an air treatment member having an air treatment chamber positioned in the air flow path, the air treatment chamber comprising an air treatment chamber air inlet, an air treatment chamber air outlet, an openable first end, a longitudinally spaced apart second end having the air treatment chamber air outlet and a longitudinally extending sidewall, wherein the air treatment chamber air outlet comprises a longitudinally extending porous member having a longitudinally extending porous sidewall; (c) a suction motor positioned in the air flow path upstream of the clean air outlet; (d) a moveable member positioned in the air treatment chamber, the moveable member comprising at least one of the porous member and a cleaning member positioned in the air treatment chamber between the sidewall of the air treatment chamber and the porous sidewall; and, (e) a driving assembly comprising a handle and a driving linkage wherein the driving assembly is reconfigurable between a stored position and an operable position in which the driving assembly is operable to longitudinally translate the moveable member through at least a portion of the chamber. 2. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the driving linkage comprises an extendable member wherein, in the stored position, the extendable member is in a contracted configuration and, in the operable position, the extendable member is in an extended configuration in which the handle is operable to longitudinally translate the moveable member through at least a portion of the chamber. 3. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 2 wherein the driving linkage is drivingly connected to the moveable member when the extendable member is in the contracted configuration. 4. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 2 wherein the extendable member comprises a telescoping drive rod. 5. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the extendable member comprises a rotatably mounted drive rod, the rotatably mounted drive rod has a longitudinal axis and the rotatably mounted drive rod is rotatably mounted about an axis that extends in a plane that is transverse to the longitudinal axis of the drive rod. 6. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 5 wherein the driving linkage comprises a longitudinally translatable drive rod and the rotatably mounted drive rod is rotatably mounted to the longitudinally translatable drive rod. 7. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein a portion of the driving linkage is exterior to the air treatment chamber and in the stored position, the portion of the driving linkage is recessed against a portion of the surface cleaning apparatus. 8. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 7 wherein, in the stored position, the portion of the driving linkage is coextensive with a portion of the air treatment member. 9. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 2 wherein the extendable member is exterior to the air treatment chamber and in the contracted configuration, the extendable member is recessed against a portion of the surface cleaning apparatus. 10. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 9 wherein, in the contracted configuration, the extendable member is coextensive with a portion of the air treatment member. 11. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 2 wherein the extendable member has the handle and, in the extended configuration, the handle is longitudinally spaced from the first and second ends of the air treatment chamber. 12. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the handle is rotatably mounted and in the stored position, the handle is recessed against a portion of the surface cleaning apparatus and in the operable position the handle is positioned away from the portion of the surface cleaning apparatus. 13. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 12 wherein, in the stored position, the handle abuts the portion of the surface cleaning apparatus. 14. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 12 wherein the driving linkage comprises a longitudinally extending drive rod having a drive rod axis and the handle is rotatable about the drive rod axis. 15. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a stop member operably engageable with the driving assembly to inhibit the driving assembly moving to the operable position. 16. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the moveable member is moveable from an operating position in which the moveable member is positioned towards the second end and a cleaned position in which the moveable member is translated longitudinally away from the second end. 17. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 16 wherein in the cleaned position, at least a portion of the moveable member is exterior of the air treatment chamber. 18. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the moveable member comprises the cleaning member and the cleaning member is moveable from an operating position in which the cleaning member abuts the second end and a cleaned position in which the moveable member is translated longitudinally away from the second end. 19. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the cleaning member comprises an annular member. 20. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the air treatment member comprises a cyclone having a centrally positioned cyclone axis of rotation. | A surface cleaning apparatus comprises an air treatment member having an air treatment chamber. A moveable member is positioned in the air treatment chamber. A driving assembly is drivingly connected to the moveable member wherein the driving assembly is reconfigurable between a stored position and an operable position in which the driving assembly is operable to longitudinally translate the moveable member through at least a portion of the chamber.1. A surface cleaning apparatus comprising:
(a) an air flow path extending from a dirty air inlet to a clean air outlet; (b) an air treatment member having an air treatment chamber positioned in the air flow path, the air treatment chamber comprising an air treatment chamber air inlet, an air treatment chamber air outlet, an openable first end, a longitudinally spaced apart second end having the air treatment chamber air outlet and a longitudinally extending sidewall, wherein the air treatment chamber air outlet comprises a longitudinally extending porous member having a longitudinally extending porous sidewall; (c) a suction motor positioned in the air flow path upstream of the clean air outlet; (d) a moveable member positioned in the air treatment chamber, the moveable member comprising at least one of the porous member and a cleaning member positioned in the air treatment chamber between the sidewall of the air treatment chamber and the porous sidewall; and, (e) a driving assembly comprising a handle and a driving linkage wherein the driving assembly is reconfigurable between a stored position and an operable position in which the driving assembly is operable to longitudinally translate the moveable member through at least a portion of the chamber. 2. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the driving linkage comprises an extendable member wherein, in the stored position, the extendable member is in a contracted configuration and, in the operable position, the extendable member is in an extended configuration in which the handle is operable to longitudinally translate the moveable member through at least a portion of the chamber. 3. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 2 wherein the driving linkage is drivingly connected to the moveable member when the extendable member is in the contracted configuration. 4. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 2 wherein the extendable member comprises a telescoping drive rod. 5. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the extendable member comprises a rotatably mounted drive rod, the rotatably mounted drive rod has a longitudinal axis and the rotatably mounted drive rod is rotatably mounted about an axis that extends in a plane that is transverse to the longitudinal axis of the drive rod. 6. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 5 wherein the driving linkage comprises a longitudinally translatable drive rod and the rotatably mounted drive rod is rotatably mounted to the longitudinally translatable drive rod. 7. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein a portion of the driving linkage is exterior to the air treatment chamber and in the stored position, the portion of the driving linkage is recessed against a portion of the surface cleaning apparatus. 8. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 7 wherein, in the stored position, the portion of the driving linkage is coextensive with a portion of the air treatment member. 9. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 2 wherein the extendable member is exterior to the air treatment chamber and in the contracted configuration, the extendable member is recessed against a portion of the surface cleaning apparatus. 10. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 9 wherein, in the contracted configuration, the extendable member is coextensive with a portion of the air treatment member. 11. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 2 wherein the extendable member has the handle and, in the extended configuration, the handle is longitudinally spaced from the first and second ends of the air treatment chamber. 12. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the handle is rotatably mounted and in the stored position, the handle is recessed against a portion of the surface cleaning apparatus and in the operable position the handle is positioned away from the portion of the surface cleaning apparatus. 13. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 12 wherein, in the stored position, the handle abuts the portion of the surface cleaning apparatus. 14. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 12 wherein the driving linkage comprises a longitudinally extending drive rod having a drive rod axis and the handle is rotatable about the drive rod axis. 15. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a stop member operably engageable with the driving assembly to inhibit the driving assembly moving to the operable position. 16. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the moveable member is moveable from an operating position in which the moveable member is positioned towards the second end and a cleaned position in which the moveable member is translated longitudinally away from the second end. 17. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 16 wherein in the cleaned position, at least a portion of the moveable member is exterior of the air treatment chamber. 18. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the moveable member comprises the cleaning member and the cleaning member is moveable from an operating position in which the cleaning member abuts the second end and a cleaned position in which the moveable member is translated longitudinally away from the second end. 19. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the cleaning member comprises an annular member. 20. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the air treatment member comprises a cyclone having a centrally positioned cyclone axis of rotation. | 1,700 |
349,258 | 16,806,828 | 1,766 | The invention is a novel MECP2E1 splice variant and its corresponding polypeptide. The invention also includes methods of using these nucleic acid sequences and proteins in medical diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders or development disorders. | 1-11. (canceled) 12. A method of preparing an MECP2 protein fraction from a subject useful for analyzing an MECP2E1 protein involved in neuropsychiatric or developmental disorder, comprising:
(a) extracting proteins comprising an MECP2E1 protein from a sample from the subject; (b) producing an MECP2E1 protein fraction of the proteins extracted in (a) by contacting the proteins extracted in (a) with antibodies or antibody fragments that bind to the MECP2E1 protein; and (c) analyzing the MECP2E1 protein fraction produced in (b). 13. The method of claim 12, wherein step (c) comprises detecting a mutation in a wild-type MECP2E1 protein, wherein the wild-type MECP2E1 protein has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein mutation is a premature truncation of the wild-type MECP2E1 protein. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the premature truncation occurs after amino acid at positions 36 or 97 of SEQ ID NO: 4. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the sample from the subject is a selected from blood, urine, serum, tears, saliva, and feces. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein step (c) comprises performing a radioimmunoassay, enzyme immunoassay, immunofluorescence, immune-precipitation, latex agglutination, hemagglutination, or histochemical test. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the antibodies or antibody fragments of (b) are labeled with a detectable marker. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the detectable marker is an enzyme, fluorescent material, luminescent material, or radioactive material. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the enzyme is horseradish peroxidase, biotin, alkaline phosphatase, Ξ²-galactosidase, or acetylcholinesterase. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein the fluorescent material is umbelliferone, fluorescein, fluorescein isothiocyanate, rhodamine, dichlorotriazinylamine fluorescein, dansyl chloride, or phycoerythrin. 22. The method of claim 19, wherein the luminescent material is luminol. 23. The method of claim 19, wherein the radioactive material is S-35, Cu-64, Ga-67, Zr-89, Ru-97, Tc-99m, Rh-105, Pd-109, In-111, I-123, I-125, I-131, Re-186, Au-198, Au-199, Ph-203, At-211, Pb-212, or Bi-212. 24. The method of claim 12, wherein step (c) comprises quantifying the amount of MECP2E1 protein in the sample. 25. The method of claim 12, wherein the neuropsychiatric or developmental disorder is selected from autism, autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, Angelman syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, encephalopathy, schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ataxia, and mental retardation. 26. A method of preparing an MECP2 amplified fraction from a subject useful for analyzing an MECP2E1 gene involved in neuropsychiatric or developmental disorder, comprising:
(a) extracting nucleic acids comprising an MECP2E1 gene from a sample from the subject; (b) producing an MECP2E1 amplified fraction of the nucleic acids extracted in (a) by contacting the nucleic acids extracted in (a) with primers to amplify the MECP2E1 gene, wherein the MECP2E1 amplified fraction comprises MECP2E1 amplified products; and (c) analyzing the MECP2E1 amplified fraction produced in (b). 27. The method of claim 26, wherein step (c) comprises detecting a mutation within exon 1, or in the intron-exon boundary immediately adjacent to exon 1, of a nucleic acid sequence encoding an MeCP2E1 protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein mutation is selected from the group consisting of:
(1) a deletion of 11 consecutive base pairs in nucleotides 38 to 54 of SEQ ID NO: 1, the deletion causing a truncation of the MeCP2E1 protein of SEQ ID NO: 4 after amino acid 36; (2) a deletion consisting of nucleotides 1-69 of exon 1 of SEQ ID NO: 1; (3) an adenine to thymine change at nucleotide position 8 of SEQ ID NO: 1; (4) a deletion of a T, G or TG between nucleotide positions 69-71 of SEQ ID NO: 1; (5) a deletion of a T, G or TG between nucleotide positions 70-71 of SEQ ID NO: 1; (6) a deletion of the nucleotide sequence GC at nucleotides β38 and β39 upstream of the position corresponding to nucleotide 1 of SEQ ID NO: 1; (7) a deletion of the nucleotide sequence AG at nucleotides β19 and β20 upstream of the position corresponding to nucleotide 1 of SEQ ID NO:1; (8) a deletion of 11 consecutive base pairs in nucleotides 38 to 54 of SEQ ID NO: 1, the deletion causing a truncation of the MeCP2E1 protein of SEQ ID NO: 4 after amino acid 36; and (9) an adenine to thymine mutation at the nucleotide position corresponding to position 8 of SEQ ID NO: 1. 29. A method of detecting Rett syndrome that is associated with a point mutation in the human MECP2 gene, comprising detecting the presence or absence of a point mutation which disrupts the initiation codon in exon 1 of a nucleic acid sequence encoding the MeCP2E1 protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 4 in a sample obtained from a human by (i) amplifying the sample nucleic acid sequence with primers that amplify an adenine to guanine change at nucleotide position 8 of SEQ ID NO:1 and comparing the amplified sample nucleic acid sequence to a control nucleic acid sequence or (ii) detecting with a probe an adenine to guanine change at nucleotide position 8 of SEQ ID NO:1, wherein the presence of the mutation in the sample nucleic acid sequence indicates that the human has Rett syndrome. | The invention is a novel MECP2E1 splice variant and its corresponding polypeptide. The invention also includes methods of using these nucleic acid sequences and proteins in medical diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders or development disorders.1-11. (canceled) 12. A method of preparing an MECP2 protein fraction from a subject useful for analyzing an MECP2E1 protein involved in neuropsychiatric or developmental disorder, comprising:
(a) extracting proteins comprising an MECP2E1 protein from a sample from the subject; (b) producing an MECP2E1 protein fraction of the proteins extracted in (a) by contacting the proteins extracted in (a) with antibodies or antibody fragments that bind to the MECP2E1 protein; and (c) analyzing the MECP2E1 protein fraction produced in (b). 13. The method of claim 12, wherein step (c) comprises detecting a mutation in a wild-type MECP2E1 protein, wherein the wild-type MECP2E1 protein has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein mutation is a premature truncation of the wild-type MECP2E1 protein. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the premature truncation occurs after amino acid at positions 36 or 97 of SEQ ID NO: 4. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the sample from the subject is a selected from blood, urine, serum, tears, saliva, and feces. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein step (c) comprises performing a radioimmunoassay, enzyme immunoassay, immunofluorescence, immune-precipitation, latex agglutination, hemagglutination, or histochemical test. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the antibodies or antibody fragments of (b) are labeled with a detectable marker. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the detectable marker is an enzyme, fluorescent material, luminescent material, or radioactive material. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the enzyme is horseradish peroxidase, biotin, alkaline phosphatase, Ξ²-galactosidase, or acetylcholinesterase. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein the fluorescent material is umbelliferone, fluorescein, fluorescein isothiocyanate, rhodamine, dichlorotriazinylamine fluorescein, dansyl chloride, or phycoerythrin. 22. The method of claim 19, wherein the luminescent material is luminol. 23. The method of claim 19, wherein the radioactive material is S-35, Cu-64, Ga-67, Zr-89, Ru-97, Tc-99m, Rh-105, Pd-109, In-111, I-123, I-125, I-131, Re-186, Au-198, Au-199, Ph-203, At-211, Pb-212, or Bi-212. 24. The method of claim 12, wherein step (c) comprises quantifying the amount of MECP2E1 protein in the sample. 25. The method of claim 12, wherein the neuropsychiatric or developmental disorder is selected from autism, autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, Angelman syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, encephalopathy, schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ataxia, and mental retardation. 26. A method of preparing an MECP2 amplified fraction from a subject useful for analyzing an MECP2E1 gene involved in neuropsychiatric or developmental disorder, comprising:
(a) extracting nucleic acids comprising an MECP2E1 gene from a sample from the subject; (b) producing an MECP2E1 amplified fraction of the nucleic acids extracted in (a) by contacting the nucleic acids extracted in (a) with primers to amplify the MECP2E1 gene, wherein the MECP2E1 amplified fraction comprises MECP2E1 amplified products; and (c) analyzing the MECP2E1 amplified fraction produced in (b). 27. The method of claim 26, wherein step (c) comprises detecting a mutation within exon 1, or in the intron-exon boundary immediately adjacent to exon 1, of a nucleic acid sequence encoding an MeCP2E1 protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein mutation is selected from the group consisting of:
(1) a deletion of 11 consecutive base pairs in nucleotides 38 to 54 of SEQ ID NO: 1, the deletion causing a truncation of the MeCP2E1 protein of SEQ ID NO: 4 after amino acid 36; (2) a deletion consisting of nucleotides 1-69 of exon 1 of SEQ ID NO: 1; (3) an adenine to thymine change at nucleotide position 8 of SEQ ID NO: 1; (4) a deletion of a T, G or TG between nucleotide positions 69-71 of SEQ ID NO: 1; (5) a deletion of a T, G or TG between nucleotide positions 70-71 of SEQ ID NO: 1; (6) a deletion of the nucleotide sequence GC at nucleotides β38 and β39 upstream of the position corresponding to nucleotide 1 of SEQ ID NO: 1; (7) a deletion of the nucleotide sequence AG at nucleotides β19 and β20 upstream of the position corresponding to nucleotide 1 of SEQ ID NO:1; (8) a deletion of 11 consecutive base pairs in nucleotides 38 to 54 of SEQ ID NO: 1, the deletion causing a truncation of the MeCP2E1 protein of SEQ ID NO: 4 after amino acid 36; and (9) an adenine to thymine mutation at the nucleotide position corresponding to position 8 of SEQ ID NO: 1. 29. A method of detecting Rett syndrome that is associated with a point mutation in the human MECP2 gene, comprising detecting the presence or absence of a point mutation which disrupts the initiation codon in exon 1 of a nucleic acid sequence encoding the MeCP2E1 protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 4 in a sample obtained from a human by (i) amplifying the sample nucleic acid sequence with primers that amplify an adenine to guanine change at nucleotide position 8 of SEQ ID NO:1 and comparing the amplified sample nucleic acid sequence to a control nucleic acid sequence or (ii) detecting with a probe an adenine to guanine change at nucleotide position 8 of SEQ ID NO:1, wherein the presence of the mutation in the sample nucleic acid sequence indicates that the human has Rett syndrome. | 1,700 |
349,259 | 16,806,841 | 1,766 | A component carrier and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The component carrier includes a stack having at least one electrically conductive layer structure and/or at least one electrically insulating layer structure, a component embedded in the stack, and at least one vertical through connection extending between two opposing main surfaces of and through the component. | 1. A component carrier, comprising:
a stack having at least one electrically conductive layer structure and/or at least one electrically insulating layer structure; a component embedded in the stack; and at least one vertical through connection extending between two opposing main surfaces of and through the component. 2. The component carrier according to claim 1, wherein the vertical through connection is connected to a first via in the at least one electrically insulating layer structure arranged adjacent to a first main surface of the two opposing main surfaces of the component. 3. The component carrier according to claim 2, wherein the vertical through connection is further connected to a second via in a second electrically insulating layer structure arranged adjacent to a second main surface of the component, the second main surface of the component being opposed to the first main surface of the component. 4. The component carrier according to claim 2, wherein the vertical through connection is aligned to the first via. 5. The component carrier according to claim 1, wherein contacts of the component carrier have a first pitch and contacts of the component have a second pitch, wherein the first pitch is substantially equal to the second pitch. 6. The component carrier according to claim 1, further comprising:
an active silicon layer at least on one of the two opposing main surfaces of the component, wherein a plurality of N vias is provided and the active silicon layer connects at least one vertical through connection to n vias, wherein n<N, and a plurality of M vertical through connections is provided and the active silicon layer connects at least one via to m vertical through connections, wherein m<M. 7. The component carrier according to claim 1, wherein the vertical through connection is connected at at least one of an upper end and a lower end by at least one copper filled laser via, in particular an array of stacked copper filled laser vias. 8. The component carrier according to claim 7, wherein the at least one copper filled laser via has an axis which is shifted from an axis of the vertical through connection. 9. The component carrier according to claim 7, wherein axes of interconnected, stacked copper filled laser vias are shifted from each other in a staggered manner, in particular substantially in the same direction. 10. The component carrier according to claim 1, wherein the vertical through connection is an inlay. 11. The component carrier according to claim 1, wherein at least one vertical through connection is formed by etching, in particular by ion etching. 12. The component carrier according to claim 1, wherein the at least one vertical through connection is formed by at least one of mechanical drilling and laser drilling. 13. The component carrier according to claim 1, comprising at least one of the following features:
the component is at least one of a semiconductor component and a silicon chip; the component carrier comprises at least one component being surface mounted on and/or embedded in the component carrier, wherein the at least one component is in particular selected from a group consisting of an electronic component, an electrically non-conductive and/or electrically conductive inlay, a heat transfer unit, a light guiding element, an energy harvesting unit, an active electronic component, a passive electronic component, an electronic chip, a storage device, a filter, an integrated circuit, a signal processing component, a power management component, an optoelectronic interface element, a voltage converter, a cryptographic component, a transmitter and/or receiver, an electromechanical transducer, an actuator, a microelectromechanical system, a microprocessor, a capacitor, a resistor, an inductance, an accumulator, a switch, a camera, an antenna, a magnetic element, a further component carrier, and a logic chip; wherein the at least one electrically conductive layer structure of the component carrier comprises at least one of the group consisting of copper, aluminum, nickel, silver, gold, palladium, and tungsten, any of the mentioned materials being optionally coated with supra-conductive material such as graphene; wherein the at least one electrically insulating layer structure comprises at least one of the group consisting of resin, in particular reinforced or non-reinforced resin, for instance epoxy resin or bismaleimide-triazine resin, FR-4, FR-5, cyanate ester, polyphenylene derivate, glass, prepreg material, polyimide, polyamide, liquid crystal polymer, epoxy-based build-up film, polytetrafluoroethylene, a ceramic, and a metal oxide; wherein the component carrier is shaped as a plate; wherein the component carrier is configured as one of the group consisting of a printed circuit board, a substrate, and an interposer; wherein the component carrier is configured as a laminate-type component carrier. 14. A method of manufacturing a component carrier, comprising:
forming a stack having at least one electrically conductive layer structure and/or at least one electrically insulating layer structure; embedding a component in the stack; and forming at least one vertical through connection extending between two opposing main surfaces of and through the component. 15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising:
forming a first via in the least one electrically insulating layer structure arranged adjacent to one main surface of the two opposing main surfaces of the component, wherein the first via is connected to the vertical through connection. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising:
forming a second via in a second electrically insulating layer structure arranged adjacent to a second main surface of the component, the second main surface of the component being opposed to the first main surface of the component, wherein the second via is connected to the vertical through connection. 17. The method according to claim 15, further comprising:
forming the vertical through connection to be aligned to the first via. 18. The method according to claim 14, further comprising at least one of the following features:
arranging an active silicon layer at least on one of the two opposing main surfaces of the component, wherein a plurality of N vias is formed and the active silicon layer connects at least one vertical through connection to n vias, wherein n<N, and a plurality of M vertical through connections is formed and the active silicon layer connects at least one via to m vertical through connections, wherein m<M; the vertical through connection is connected at at least one of an upper end and a lower end by at least one copper filled laser via, in particular an array of stacked copper filled laser vias, wherein the at least one copper filled laser via has an axis which is shifted from an axis of the vertical through connection, wherein axes of interconnected, stacked copper filled laser vias are shifted from each other in a staggered manner, in particular substantially in the same direction; the method further comprises arranging an inlay into the component to form the vertical through connection; at least one vertical through connection is formed by etching, in particular by ion etching; and the at least one vertical through connection is formed by at least one of mechanical drilling and laser drilling. | A component carrier and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The component carrier includes a stack having at least one electrically conductive layer structure and/or at least one electrically insulating layer structure, a component embedded in the stack, and at least one vertical through connection extending between two opposing main surfaces of and through the component.1. A component carrier, comprising:
a stack having at least one electrically conductive layer structure and/or at least one electrically insulating layer structure; a component embedded in the stack; and at least one vertical through connection extending between two opposing main surfaces of and through the component. 2. The component carrier according to claim 1, wherein the vertical through connection is connected to a first via in the at least one electrically insulating layer structure arranged adjacent to a first main surface of the two opposing main surfaces of the component. 3. The component carrier according to claim 2, wherein the vertical through connection is further connected to a second via in a second electrically insulating layer structure arranged adjacent to a second main surface of the component, the second main surface of the component being opposed to the first main surface of the component. 4. The component carrier according to claim 2, wherein the vertical through connection is aligned to the first via. 5. The component carrier according to claim 1, wherein contacts of the component carrier have a first pitch and contacts of the component have a second pitch, wherein the first pitch is substantially equal to the second pitch. 6. The component carrier according to claim 1, further comprising:
an active silicon layer at least on one of the two opposing main surfaces of the component, wherein a plurality of N vias is provided and the active silicon layer connects at least one vertical through connection to n vias, wherein n<N, and a plurality of M vertical through connections is provided and the active silicon layer connects at least one via to m vertical through connections, wherein m<M. 7. The component carrier according to claim 1, wherein the vertical through connection is connected at at least one of an upper end and a lower end by at least one copper filled laser via, in particular an array of stacked copper filled laser vias. 8. The component carrier according to claim 7, wherein the at least one copper filled laser via has an axis which is shifted from an axis of the vertical through connection. 9. The component carrier according to claim 7, wherein axes of interconnected, stacked copper filled laser vias are shifted from each other in a staggered manner, in particular substantially in the same direction. 10. The component carrier according to claim 1, wherein the vertical through connection is an inlay. 11. The component carrier according to claim 1, wherein at least one vertical through connection is formed by etching, in particular by ion etching. 12. The component carrier according to claim 1, wherein the at least one vertical through connection is formed by at least one of mechanical drilling and laser drilling. 13. The component carrier according to claim 1, comprising at least one of the following features:
the component is at least one of a semiconductor component and a silicon chip; the component carrier comprises at least one component being surface mounted on and/or embedded in the component carrier, wherein the at least one component is in particular selected from a group consisting of an electronic component, an electrically non-conductive and/or electrically conductive inlay, a heat transfer unit, a light guiding element, an energy harvesting unit, an active electronic component, a passive electronic component, an electronic chip, a storage device, a filter, an integrated circuit, a signal processing component, a power management component, an optoelectronic interface element, a voltage converter, a cryptographic component, a transmitter and/or receiver, an electromechanical transducer, an actuator, a microelectromechanical system, a microprocessor, a capacitor, a resistor, an inductance, an accumulator, a switch, a camera, an antenna, a magnetic element, a further component carrier, and a logic chip; wherein the at least one electrically conductive layer structure of the component carrier comprises at least one of the group consisting of copper, aluminum, nickel, silver, gold, palladium, and tungsten, any of the mentioned materials being optionally coated with supra-conductive material such as graphene; wherein the at least one electrically insulating layer structure comprises at least one of the group consisting of resin, in particular reinforced or non-reinforced resin, for instance epoxy resin or bismaleimide-triazine resin, FR-4, FR-5, cyanate ester, polyphenylene derivate, glass, prepreg material, polyimide, polyamide, liquid crystal polymer, epoxy-based build-up film, polytetrafluoroethylene, a ceramic, and a metal oxide; wherein the component carrier is shaped as a plate; wherein the component carrier is configured as one of the group consisting of a printed circuit board, a substrate, and an interposer; wherein the component carrier is configured as a laminate-type component carrier. 14. A method of manufacturing a component carrier, comprising:
forming a stack having at least one electrically conductive layer structure and/or at least one electrically insulating layer structure; embedding a component in the stack; and forming at least one vertical through connection extending between two opposing main surfaces of and through the component. 15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising:
forming a first via in the least one electrically insulating layer structure arranged adjacent to one main surface of the two opposing main surfaces of the component, wherein the first via is connected to the vertical through connection. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising:
forming a second via in a second electrically insulating layer structure arranged adjacent to a second main surface of the component, the second main surface of the component being opposed to the first main surface of the component, wherein the second via is connected to the vertical through connection. 17. The method according to claim 15, further comprising:
forming the vertical through connection to be aligned to the first via. 18. The method according to claim 14, further comprising at least one of the following features:
arranging an active silicon layer at least on one of the two opposing main surfaces of the component, wherein a plurality of N vias is formed and the active silicon layer connects at least one vertical through connection to n vias, wherein n<N, and a plurality of M vertical through connections is formed and the active silicon layer connects at least one via to m vertical through connections, wherein m<M; the vertical through connection is connected at at least one of an upper end and a lower end by at least one copper filled laser via, in particular an array of stacked copper filled laser vias, wherein the at least one copper filled laser via has an axis which is shifted from an axis of the vertical through connection, wherein axes of interconnected, stacked copper filled laser vias are shifted from each other in a staggered manner, in particular substantially in the same direction; the method further comprises arranging an inlay into the component to form the vertical through connection; at least one vertical through connection is formed by etching, in particular by ion etching; and the at least one vertical through connection is formed by at least one of mechanical drilling and laser drilling. | 1,700 |
349,260 | 16,806,844 | 1,766 | An arrangement for joining two joining members includes a first part having a support surface, a first carrier element configured to carry at least one foil, a transportation unit configured to arrange the first carrier element such that the foil is arranged above the support surface in a vertical direction, and a second part configured to exert pressure to a joining stack, when the joining stack is arranged on the support surface. The joining stack includes a first joining member arranged on the support surface, a second joining member, and an electrically conductive connection layer arranged between the joining members. When pressure is exerted to the joining stack, the foil is arranged between the second part and the joining stack and is pressed onto the joining stack and the joining stack is pressed onto the first part, compressing the connection layer and forming a substance-to-substance bond between the joining members. | 1. An arrangement for joining two joining members, comprising:
a first part comprising a support surface; a first carrier element configured to carry at least one foil; a transportation unit configured to arrange the first carrier element with the at least one foil arranged thereon in such a way that the at least one foil is arranged above the support surface of the first part in a vertical direction; and a second part configured to exert pressure to a joining stack, when the joining stack is arranged on the support surface, wherein the joining stack comprises a first joining member arranged on the support surface, a second joining member, and an electrically conductive connection layer arranged between the first joining member and the second joining member, wherein when pressure is exerted to the joining stack by the second part, the at least one foil is arranged between the second part and the joining stack and is pressed onto the joining stack and the joining stack is pressed onto the first part, thereby compressing the connection layer and forming a substance-to-substance bond between the first joining member and the second joining member. 2. The arrangement of claim 1, wherein when the at least one foil carried by the first carrier element is arranged above the support surface, and before pressure is exerted to the joining stack by the second part, a first foil of the at least one foil that is arranged closest to the joining stack is arranged at a first distance greater than zero from an uppermost surface of the joining stack. 3. The arrangement of claim 1, wherein the first carrier element comprises a frame with a projection, and wherein when the at least one foil is carried by the first carrier element an edge region of the at least one foil rests on the projection of the frame. 4. The arrangement of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first part and the second part comprises a heating element. 5. The arrangement of claim 1, further comprising a second carrier element configured to carry the joining stack before arranging the joining stack on the support surface of the first part. 6. The arrangement of claim 5, wherein when the at least one foil is arranged above the support surface of the first part, the first carrier element is arranged on the second carrier element. 7. The arrangement of claim 1, wherein when the at least one foil is arranged above the support surface of the first part, the first carrier element is partly arranged above an edge region of the first joining member in the vertical direction. 8. The arrangement of claim 1, wherein the first carrier element comprises fastening or holding means configured to hold the at least one foil in place, when the at least one foil is arranged on the first carrier element. 9. The arrangement of claim 1, wherein the at least one foil comprises a compensation foil configured to evenly distribute a pressure exerted by the second part over the joining stack. 10. The arrangement of claim 9, wherein the compensation foil comprises silicone heat-resistant rubbery or rubber material, or an elastomer that is resistant to heat at least up to temperatures between 150Β° C. and 250Β° C. 11. The arrangement of claim 1, wherein the at least one foil comprises a protective foil configured to prevent contaminants from contaminating the joining members. 12. The arrangement of claim 11, wherein the protective foil comprises an inert polymer or a polyimide. 13. The arrangement of claim 1, further comprising holding elements configured to be arranged on the first part, wherein when the first carrier element is arranged in a final resting position on the first part, the holding elements are configured to be arranged between the first carrier element and the first part. 14. The arrangement of claim 13, wherein the holding elements are configured to hold down the first joining member on the support surface in the vertical direction. 15. The arrangement of claim 1, further comprising a first robotic unit configured to pick up the at least one foil and assemble the at least one foil on the first carrier element. 16. The arrangement of claim 15, further comprising a second robotic unit configured to transfer the first carrier element with the at least one foil arranged thereon to a process chamber. 17. The arrangement of claim 16, further comprising a third robotic unit configured to transfer the joining stack to the process chamber. 18. A method, comprising:
arranging a first joining member, an electrically conductive connection layer, and a second joining member on a support surface of a first part to form a joining stack, wherein the electrically conductive connection layer is arranged between the first joining member and the second joining member; arranging at least one foil on a first carrier element; using a transportation unit to arrange the first carrier element such that the at least one foil is arranged above the support surface of the first part in a vertical direction; and exerting pressure to the joining stack by a second part, wherein when the at least one foil is arranged above the support surface and pressure is exerted to the joining stack by the second part, the at least one foil is arranged between the second part and the joining stack and is pressed onto the joining stack, and the joining stack is pressed onto the first part, thereby compressing the connection layer and forming a substance-to-substance bond between the first joining member and the second joining member. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein forming the substance-to-substance bond between the first joining member and the second joining member is performed in a process chamber comprising one or more sub-chambers, and wherein either the joining stack and the first carrier element with the at least one foil are both assembled and transferred into a first sub-chamber, wherein a defined atmosphere is generated in the first sub-chamber and the joining stack and the foil stack are subsequently transferred to a second sub-chamber, and wherein the joining process is performed in the second sub-chamber. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the joining stack is assembled and transferred into a first sub-chamber, wherein a defined atmosphere is generated in the first sub-chamber, wherein the first carrier element with the at least one foil is assembled in a third sub-chamber, wherein the joining stack and the first carrier element with the at least one foil arranged thereon are subsequently transferred to a second sub-chamber, and wherein the joining process is performed in the second sub-chamber. | An arrangement for joining two joining members includes a first part having a support surface, a first carrier element configured to carry at least one foil, a transportation unit configured to arrange the first carrier element such that the foil is arranged above the support surface in a vertical direction, and a second part configured to exert pressure to a joining stack, when the joining stack is arranged on the support surface. The joining stack includes a first joining member arranged on the support surface, a second joining member, and an electrically conductive connection layer arranged between the joining members. When pressure is exerted to the joining stack, the foil is arranged between the second part and the joining stack and is pressed onto the joining stack and the joining stack is pressed onto the first part, compressing the connection layer and forming a substance-to-substance bond between the joining members.1. An arrangement for joining two joining members, comprising:
a first part comprising a support surface; a first carrier element configured to carry at least one foil; a transportation unit configured to arrange the first carrier element with the at least one foil arranged thereon in such a way that the at least one foil is arranged above the support surface of the first part in a vertical direction; and a second part configured to exert pressure to a joining stack, when the joining stack is arranged on the support surface, wherein the joining stack comprises a first joining member arranged on the support surface, a second joining member, and an electrically conductive connection layer arranged between the first joining member and the second joining member, wherein when pressure is exerted to the joining stack by the second part, the at least one foil is arranged between the second part and the joining stack and is pressed onto the joining stack and the joining stack is pressed onto the first part, thereby compressing the connection layer and forming a substance-to-substance bond between the first joining member and the second joining member. 2. The arrangement of claim 1, wherein when the at least one foil carried by the first carrier element is arranged above the support surface, and before pressure is exerted to the joining stack by the second part, a first foil of the at least one foil that is arranged closest to the joining stack is arranged at a first distance greater than zero from an uppermost surface of the joining stack. 3. The arrangement of claim 1, wherein the first carrier element comprises a frame with a projection, and wherein when the at least one foil is carried by the first carrier element an edge region of the at least one foil rests on the projection of the frame. 4. The arrangement of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first part and the second part comprises a heating element. 5. The arrangement of claim 1, further comprising a second carrier element configured to carry the joining stack before arranging the joining stack on the support surface of the first part. 6. The arrangement of claim 5, wherein when the at least one foil is arranged above the support surface of the first part, the first carrier element is arranged on the second carrier element. 7. The arrangement of claim 1, wherein when the at least one foil is arranged above the support surface of the first part, the first carrier element is partly arranged above an edge region of the first joining member in the vertical direction. 8. The arrangement of claim 1, wherein the first carrier element comprises fastening or holding means configured to hold the at least one foil in place, when the at least one foil is arranged on the first carrier element. 9. The arrangement of claim 1, wherein the at least one foil comprises a compensation foil configured to evenly distribute a pressure exerted by the second part over the joining stack. 10. The arrangement of claim 9, wherein the compensation foil comprises silicone heat-resistant rubbery or rubber material, or an elastomer that is resistant to heat at least up to temperatures between 150Β° C. and 250Β° C. 11. The arrangement of claim 1, wherein the at least one foil comprises a protective foil configured to prevent contaminants from contaminating the joining members. 12. The arrangement of claim 11, wherein the protective foil comprises an inert polymer or a polyimide. 13. The arrangement of claim 1, further comprising holding elements configured to be arranged on the first part, wherein when the first carrier element is arranged in a final resting position on the first part, the holding elements are configured to be arranged between the first carrier element and the first part. 14. The arrangement of claim 13, wherein the holding elements are configured to hold down the first joining member on the support surface in the vertical direction. 15. The arrangement of claim 1, further comprising a first robotic unit configured to pick up the at least one foil and assemble the at least one foil on the first carrier element. 16. The arrangement of claim 15, further comprising a second robotic unit configured to transfer the first carrier element with the at least one foil arranged thereon to a process chamber. 17. The arrangement of claim 16, further comprising a third robotic unit configured to transfer the joining stack to the process chamber. 18. A method, comprising:
arranging a first joining member, an electrically conductive connection layer, and a second joining member on a support surface of a first part to form a joining stack, wherein the electrically conductive connection layer is arranged between the first joining member and the second joining member; arranging at least one foil on a first carrier element; using a transportation unit to arrange the first carrier element such that the at least one foil is arranged above the support surface of the first part in a vertical direction; and exerting pressure to the joining stack by a second part, wherein when the at least one foil is arranged above the support surface and pressure is exerted to the joining stack by the second part, the at least one foil is arranged between the second part and the joining stack and is pressed onto the joining stack, and the joining stack is pressed onto the first part, thereby compressing the connection layer and forming a substance-to-substance bond between the first joining member and the second joining member. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein forming the substance-to-substance bond between the first joining member and the second joining member is performed in a process chamber comprising one or more sub-chambers, and wherein either the joining stack and the first carrier element with the at least one foil are both assembled and transferred into a first sub-chamber, wherein a defined atmosphere is generated in the first sub-chamber and the joining stack and the foil stack are subsequently transferred to a second sub-chamber, and wherein the joining process is performed in the second sub-chamber. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the joining stack is assembled and transferred into a first sub-chamber, wherein a defined atmosphere is generated in the first sub-chamber, wherein the first carrier element with the at least one foil is assembled in a third sub-chamber, wherein the joining stack and the first carrier element with the at least one foil arranged thereon are subsequently transferred to a second sub-chamber, and wherein the joining process is performed in the second sub-chamber. | 1,700 |
349,261 | 16,806,827 | 2,874 | A managed fiber optic connector assembly formed with an optical fiber management enclosure. The optical fiber management enclosure is formed with a back body as one-piece to form an integrated fiber optic management enclosure, or fiber optic management enclosure is inserted into the back body form a two-piece enclosure. The fiber management enclosure has a plural of channels, for example, an upper channel and a lower channel that retain, separate and guide a plural of optical fibers that are accepted through a port at a distal end of the managed fiber optic connector assembly. | 1. An optical fiber management enclosure comprising:
a main body with a port at a distal end for accepting a plural of optical fiber; at least two upper channel formed within the main body; each upper channel guides two or more optic fiber to a lower channel, and the individual optical fiber are secured with a ferrule nearer a proximal end of the fiber management enclosure. 2. The optical fiber management enclosure of claim 1, wherein the fiber management enclosure is secured within a cavity formed in back body. 3. The optical fiber management enclosure of claim 2, wherein the back body has a plural of hooks at a top surface and at a bottom surface, the hooks latch into a recess formed at a distal end of an inner front body of a fiber optic connector assembly. 4. The optical fiber management enclosure of claim 3, wherein a stain relief boot accepts the back body, and further wherein the stain relief boot has a plural of hooks on a top surface and a bottom surface, the hooks are received in a corresponding recess at a distal end of a connector outer housing. 5. The optical fiber management enclosure wherein the connector outer housing is configured to accept a plural of inner front bodies and wherein each inner front body accepts a duplex ferrule assembly configured to accept the corresponding optical fiber from a fiber management enclosure channel. 6. The optic fiber management enclosure of claim 1, wherein a first upper channel and a second upper channel are substantially equal in length. 7. The fiber optic management enclosure of claim 1, wherein a first lower channel and a second lower channel are substantially equal in length. 8. A fiber optic cable assembly resulting from the configuration of claim 5. 9. A system of fiber optic connectors comprising:
a plural of fiber optic cable assembly of claim 8; a trunk line interconnecting a first fiber optic cable assembly to a second fiber optic cable assembly to establish an optical connection between a first network and a second network; and wherein a plural MPO connectors and cassette are removed. 10. A managed fiber optic connector, comprising:
an integrated, one-piece fiber optic management assembly; a strain relief boot with a cavity; the cavity accepts the integrated fiber optic management assembly; a plural of outer connector housing latch hooks are accepted within a corresponding plural of latch hook openings at a distal end of the outer connector housing; the distal end of the outer connector housing accepts a corresponding plural of fiber optic assembly; a distal end of the plural of fiber optic assembly are retained within a proximal end of the integrated, one-piece optic fiber management assembly; and wherein securing the plural of latch hook within the plural of corresponding latch hook openings forms the managed fiber optic connector. 11. The managed fiber optic connector of claim 1, wherein a fiber optic management assembly is formed from a fiber optic management enclosure inserted into a cavity at a proximal end of a back body, and the integrated, one-piece fiber optic management assembly is replaced by the fiber optic management assembly forming the managed fiber optic connector. 12. The managed fiber optic connector of claim 1, wherein the integrated, one-piece fiber optic management assembly further comprise a post at a distal thereof, the post accepts one or more strength members which are secured about the post to improve a pull strength of a fiber optic cable further comprising a plural of optical fibers therein. 13. The managed fiber optic connector of claim 12, where the plural of optical fiber are accepted by a port formed as part of the post, the plural of optical fiber are split into opposing, upper channels and are further split and placed into a plural of lower channels for splicing to an optical fiber at a distal end of a ferrule to form an optical communication path from the optical fiber within the optical cable to the ferrule. 14. The managed fiber optic connector of claim 10, wherein a plural of unitary channels are formed within the integrated, one-piece fiber optic management assembly. 15. The managed fiber optic connector of claim 14, wherein Each of the plural of unitary channel accepts and retains at least one optical fiber provided by a fiber optic cable, and the proximal end of each optical fiber is secured with a ferrule to form an optical communication pathway from a fiber optic cable comprising a plural of optical fibers. 16. A fiber optic network, comprising:
a first fiber optic network and a second fiber optic network; a trunk line interconnecting the first fiber optic network and the second fiber optic network; the trunk line is a plural of optical fibers; a first fiber optic management enclosure in optical communication with a first plural of fiber optic connectors receiving an optical signal from a first transceiver at first end of the first optic management enclosure; a second end of the first fiber optic management enclosure is in optical communication with the trunk line, and wherein the trunk line is in optical communication with a second fiber optic network enclosure forming the fiber optic network. 17. The fiber optic network according to claim 16, wherein a first end of the second fiber optic network enclosure is in optical communication with a second transceiver located in the second network. | A managed fiber optic connector assembly formed with an optical fiber management enclosure. The optical fiber management enclosure is formed with a back body as one-piece to form an integrated fiber optic management enclosure, or fiber optic management enclosure is inserted into the back body form a two-piece enclosure. The fiber management enclosure has a plural of channels, for example, an upper channel and a lower channel that retain, separate and guide a plural of optical fibers that are accepted through a port at a distal end of the managed fiber optic connector assembly.1. An optical fiber management enclosure comprising:
a main body with a port at a distal end for accepting a plural of optical fiber; at least two upper channel formed within the main body; each upper channel guides two or more optic fiber to a lower channel, and the individual optical fiber are secured with a ferrule nearer a proximal end of the fiber management enclosure. 2. The optical fiber management enclosure of claim 1, wherein the fiber management enclosure is secured within a cavity formed in back body. 3. The optical fiber management enclosure of claim 2, wherein the back body has a plural of hooks at a top surface and at a bottom surface, the hooks latch into a recess formed at a distal end of an inner front body of a fiber optic connector assembly. 4. The optical fiber management enclosure of claim 3, wherein a stain relief boot accepts the back body, and further wherein the stain relief boot has a plural of hooks on a top surface and a bottom surface, the hooks are received in a corresponding recess at a distal end of a connector outer housing. 5. The optical fiber management enclosure wherein the connector outer housing is configured to accept a plural of inner front bodies and wherein each inner front body accepts a duplex ferrule assembly configured to accept the corresponding optical fiber from a fiber management enclosure channel. 6. The optic fiber management enclosure of claim 1, wherein a first upper channel and a second upper channel are substantially equal in length. 7. The fiber optic management enclosure of claim 1, wherein a first lower channel and a second lower channel are substantially equal in length. 8. A fiber optic cable assembly resulting from the configuration of claim 5. 9. A system of fiber optic connectors comprising:
a plural of fiber optic cable assembly of claim 8; a trunk line interconnecting a first fiber optic cable assembly to a second fiber optic cable assembly to establish an optical connection between a first network and a second network; and wherein a plural MPO connectors and cassette are removed. 10. A managed fiber optic connector, comprising:
an integrated, one-piece fiber optic management assembly; a strain relief boot with a cavity; the cavity accepts the integrated fiber optic management assembly; a plural of outer connector housing latch hooks are accepted within a corresponding plural of latch hook openings at a distal end of the outer connector housing; the distal end of the outer connector housing accepts a corresponding plural of fiber optic assembly; a distal end of the plural of fiber optic assembly are retained within a proximal end of the integrated, one-piece optic fiber management assembly; and wherein securing the plural of latch hook within the plural of corresponding latch hook openings forms the managed fiber optic connector. 11. The managed fiber optic connector of claim 1, wherein a fiber optic management assembly is formed from a fiber optic management enclosure inserted into a cavity at a proximal end of a back body, and the integrated, one-piece fiber optic management assembly is replaced by the fiber optic management assembly forming the managed fiber optic connector. 12. The managed fiber optic connector of claim 1, wherein the integrated, one-piece fiber optic management assembly further comprise a post at a distal thereof, the post accepts one or more strength members which are secured about the post to improve a pull strength of a fiber optic cable further comprising a plural of optical fibers therein. 13. The managed fiber optic connector of claim 12, where the plural of optical fiber are accepted by a port formed as part of the post, the plural of optical fiber are split into opposing, upper channels and are further split and placed into a plural of lower channels for splicing to an optical fiber at a distal end of a ferrule to form an optical communication path from the optical fiber within the optical cable to the ferrule. 14. The managed fiber optic connector of claim 10, wherein a plural of unitary channels are formed within the integrated, one-piece fiber optic management assembly. 15. The managed fiber optic connector of claim 14, wherein Each of the plural of unitary channel accepts and retains at least one optical fiber provided by a fiber optic cable, and the proximal end of each optical fiber is secured with a ferrule to form an optical communication pathway from a fiber optic cable comprising a plural of optical fibers. 16. A fiber optic network, comprising:
a first fiber optic network and a second fiber optic network; a trunk line interconnecting the first fiber optic network and the second fiber optic network; the trunk line is a plural of optical fibers; a first fiber optic management enclosure in optical communication with a first plural of fiber optic connectors receiving an optical signal from a first transceiver at first end of the first optic management enclosure; a second end of the first fiber optic management enclosure is in optical communication with the trunk line, and wherein the trunk line is in optical communication with a second fiber optic network enclosure forming the fiber optic network. 17. The fiber optic network according to claim 16, wherein a first end of the second fiber optic network enclosure is in optical communication with a second transceiver located in the second network. | 2,800 |
349,262 | 16,806,842 | 2,874 | Disclosed are a method and apparatus for remotely controlling an imaging apparatus. A method of controlling a remote control apparatus includes converting a spoken utterance of a user into an utterance text or receiving the utterance text, applying a generative model-based first learning model to the utterance text and generating an image having attributes corresponding to a context of the utterance text, and externally transmitting the image and the utterance text. In addition, a method of controlling an imaging apparatus includes receiving a first input including text or speech data and a second input including a first image, capturing at least one second image based on the first input, comparing the first image and the second image, and transmitting the second image in response to a comparison result of the first image and the second image. | 1. A method of controlling a remote control apparatus, the method comprising:
converting a spoken utterance of a user into an utterance text or receiving the utterance text; applying a generative model-based first learning model to the utterance text and generating an image having attributes corresponding to a context of the utterance text; and externally transmitting the image and the utterance text. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first learning model is a first learning model trained to output an image having attributes corresponding to a context of a text or speech input, and is a generative model-based learning model including any one of a generative adversarial network (GAN), a conditional GAN (cGAN), a deep convolution GAN (DCGAN), an auto-encoder, or a variational auto-encoder (VAE). 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the generating the image comprises:
converting the utterance text into a word vector and a sentence vector; estimating word attention and sentence attention from the word vector and the sentence vector, respectively; and generating the image based on the word attention and the sentence attention by the generative model-based first learning model. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the estimating the word attention and the sentence attention comprises:
estimating two or more intents based on the word vector and the sentence vector in an utterance text; applying a weight to an intent for generating an image, among the two or more intents; and estimating the word attention and the sentence attention based on the weight. 5. A method of controlling an imaging apparatus, the method comprising:
receiving a first input including text or speech data and a second input including a first image; capturing at least one second image based on the first input; comparing the first image and the second image; and transmitting the second image in response to a comparison result of the first image and the second image, wherein the first image is an image obtained by applying a generative model-based first learning model to the first input, and is an image having attributes corresponding to a context of the first input. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the comparing the first image and the second image comprises applying a machine learning-based second learning model trained to estimate similarity of images using two images as an input, to the first image and the second image. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the comparing the first image and the second image comprises:
extracting feature vectors from the first image and the second image, respectively; and comparing the feature vectors extracted from the first image and the second image. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the capturing the second image comprises:
applying an intent classification learning model based on a natural language processing artificial neural network to the first input; and capturing the second image based on an output of the intent classification learning model. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the natural language processing artificial neural network is a natural language processing artificial neural network trained to output at least two or more intents from the first input. 10. A remote control apparatus comprising:
a first utterance receiver configured to convert a spoken utterance of a user into an utterance text or to receive the utterance text; an image generator configured to apply a generative model-based first learning model to the utterance text and to generate an image having attributes corresponding to a context of the utterance text; and a first transmitter configured to externally transmit the image and the utterance text. 11. The remote control apparatus of claim 10, wherein the first learning model is a first learning model trained to output the image having the attributes corresponding to a context of a text or speech input, and is a generative model-based learning model including any one of a generative adversarial network (GAN), a conditional GAN (cGAN), a deep convolution GAN (DCGAN), an auto-encoder, or a variational auto-encoder (VAE). 12. The remote control apparatus of claim 10, further comprising:
a vector converter configured to convert the utterance text into a word vector and a sentence vector; and an attention extractor configured to estimate word attention and sentence attention from the word vector and the sentence vector, respectively, wherein the image generator generates the image based on the word attention and the sentence attention by the generative model-based first learning model. 13. The remote control apparatus of claim 12, wherein the attention extractor estimates two or more intents in the utterance text, applies a weight to an intent for generating an image, among the two or more intents, and estimates the word attention and the sentence attention based on the weight. 14. An imaging apparatus comprising:
a second utterance receiver configured to receive a first input including text or speech; a generated image receiver configured to receive a second input including a first image; an image capturer configured to capture at least one second image based on the first input; a comparator configured to compare the first image and the second image; and a second transmitter configured to transmit the second image in response to a comparison result of the first image and the second image, wherein the first image is an image obtained by applying a generative model-based first learning model to the first input, and is an image having attributes corresponding to a context of the first input. 15. The imaging apparatus of claim 14, wherein the comparator applies a machine learning-based second learning model trained to estimate similarity of images using two images as an input, to the first image and the second image. 16. The imaging apparatus of claim 14, wherein the comparator extracts feature vectors from the first image and the second image, respectively, and compares the feature vectors extracted from the first image and the second image to determine similarity of the first image and the second image. 17. The imaging apparatus of claim 14, further comprising:
an intent discriminator configured to apply an intent classification learning model based on a natural language processing artificial neural network to the first input, wherein the image capturer captures the second image based on an output of the intent classification learning model. 18. The imaging apparatus of claim 17, wherein the natural language processing artificial neural network is a natural language processing artificial neural network trained to output at least two or more intents from the first input. | Disclosed are a method and apparatus for remotely controlling an imaging apparatus. A method of controlling a remote control apparatus includes converting a spoken utterance of a user into an utterance text or receiving the utterance text, applying a generative model-based first learning model to the utterance text and generating an image having attributes corresponding to a context of the utterance text, and externally transmitting the image and the utterance text. In addition, a method of controlling an imaging apparatus includes receiving a first input including text or speech data and a second input including a first image, capturing at least one second image based on the first input, comparing the first image and the second image, and transmitting the second image in response to a comparison result of the first image and the second image.1. A method of controlling a remote control apparatus, the method comprising:
converting a spoken utterance of a user into an utterance text or receiving the utterance text; applying a generative model-based first learning model to the utterance text and generating an image having attributes corresponding to a context of the utterance text; and externally transmitting the image and the utterance text. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first learning model is a first learning model trained to output an image having attributes corresponding to a context of a text or speech input, and is a generative model-based learning model including any one of a generative adversarial network (GAN), a conditional GAN (cGAN), a deep convolution GAN (DCGAN), an auto-encoder, or a variational auto-encoder (VAE). 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the generating the image comprises:
converting the utterance text into a word vector and a sentence vector; estimating word attention and sentence attention from the word vector and the sentence vector, respectively; and generating the image based on the word attention and the sentence attention by the generative model-based first learning model. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the estimating the word attention and the sentence attention comprises:
estimating two or more intents based on the word vector and the sentence vector in an utterance text; applying a weight to an intent for generating an image, among the two or more intents; and estimating the word attention and the sentence attention based on the weight. 5. A method of controlling an imaging apparatus, the method comprising:
receiving a first input including text or speech data and a second input including a first image; capturing at least one second image based on the first input; comparing the first image and the second image; and transmitting the second image in response to a comparison result of the first image and the second image, wherein the first image is an image obtained by applying a generative model-based first learning model to the first input, and is an image having attributes corresponding to a context of the first input. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the comparing the first image and the second image comprises applying a machine learning-based second learning model trained to estimate similarity of images using two images as an input, to the first image and the second image. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the comparing the first image and the second image comprises:
extracting feature vectors from the first image and the second image, respectively; and comparing the feature vectors extracted from the first image and the second image. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the capturing the second image comprises:
applying an intent classification learning model based on a natural language processing artificial neural network to the first input; and capturing the second image based on an output of the intent classification learning model. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the natural language processing artificial neural network is a natural language processing artificial neural network trained to output at least two or more intents from the first input. 10. A remote control apparatus comprising:
a first utterance receiver configured to convert a spoken utterance of a user into an utterance text or to receive the utterance text; an image generator configured to apply a generative model-based first learning model to the utterance text and to generate an image having attributes corresponding to a context of the utterance text; and a first transmitter configured to externally transmit the image and the utterance text. 11. The remote control apparatus of claim 10, wherein the first learning model is a first learning model trained to output the image having the attributes corresponding to a context of a text or speech input, and is a generative model-based learning model including any one of a generative adversarial network (GAN), a conditional GAN (cGAN), a deep convolution GAN (DCGAN), an auto-encoder, or a variational auto-encoder (VAE). 12. The remote control apparatus of claim 10, further comprising:
a vector converter configured to convert the utterance text into a word vector and a sentence vector; and an attention extractor configured to estimate word attention and sentence attention from the word vector and the sentence vector, respectively, wherein the image generator generates the image based on the word attention and the sentence attention by the generative model-based first learning model. 13. The remote control apparatus of claim 12, wherein the attention extractor estimates two or more intents in the utterance text, applies a weight to an intent for generating an image, among the two or more intents, and estimates the word attention and the sentence attention based on the weight. 14. An imaging apparatus comprising:
a second utterance receiver configured to receive a first input including text or speech; a generated image receiver configured to receive a second input including a first image; an image capturer configured to capture at least one second image based on the first input; a comparator configured to compare the first image and the second image; and a second transmitter configured to transmit the second image in response to a comparison result of the first image and the second image, wherein the first image is an image obtained by applying a generative model-based first learning model to the first input, and is an image having attributes corresponding to a context of the first input. 15. The imaging apparatus of claim 14, wherein the comparator applies a machine learning-based second learning model trained to estimate similarity of images using two images as an input, to the first image and the second image. 16. The imaging apparatus of claim 14, wherein the comparator extracts feature vectors from the first image and the second image, respectively, and compares the feature vectors extracted from the first image and the second image to determine similarity of the first image and the second image. 17. The imaging apparatus of claim 14, further comprising:
an intent discriminator configured to apply an intent classification learning model based on a natural language processing artificial neural network to the first input, wherein the image capturer captures the second image based on an output of the intent classification learning model. 18. The imaging apparatus of claim 17, wherein the natural language processing artificial neural network is a natural language processing artificial neural network trained to output at least two or more intents from the first input. | 2,800 |
349,263 | 16,806,821 | 2,874 | Techniques are disclosed for capturing, transcoding, and caching off-air programming at a location local to the consumer. According to certain embodiments, a device is provided that receives off-air (e.g., broadcast) and/or cable (e.g., ClearQAM) programming via one or more antennas and caches the programming in various streams having various bit rates for later viewing using, for example, Adaptive Bit Rate (ABR) streaming. Such a device can be incorporated in a larger system that can stream content via a data communication network (e.g., the Internet) and the device in a seamless manner. The device also can be controlled by a remote system via the data communication network, and further can be configured to stream content to a remote device via the data communication network. | 1. (canceled) 2. An at-home device for receiving and delivering television programming, the at-home device comprising:
an over-the-air television tuner that receives over-the-air local television broadcasts from an over-the-air antenna installed at a home of a user; a memory; a wireless communication interface that communicates with a wireless network, the wireless communication interface being distinct from the over-the-air television tuners; and one or more processors communicatively coupled with the over-the-air television tuner, the memory, and the wireless communication interface, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
perform an initial setup of the at-home device to determine a plurality of over-the-air broadcast television channels that are received using the over-the-air television tuner via the over-the-air antenna at the home;
provide, via the Internet to a content manager hosted by a remote content provider system, an indication of the plurality of over-the-air broadcast television channels determined during the performed initial setup of the at-home device;
receive a request to transmit a stream of an over-the-air broadcast television channel from the plurality of over-the-air broadcast television channels from the content manager hosted by the remote content provider system based on: (1) the content manager receiving a request from a remote computerized device, and 2) the indication of the plurality of the over-the-air broadcast television channels determined during the performed initial setup of the at-home device;
receive, from the over-the-air antenna via the over-the-air television tuner, an over-the-air broadcast of the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel;
transcode the over-the-air broadcast of the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel into a different video compression format to create a transcoded video stream; and
output, via a communication interface, at least a portion of the transcoded video stream. 3. The at-home device for receiving and delivering television programming of claim 2, wherein the at least the portion of the transcoded video stream output to the remote computerized device is transmitted to the remote computerized device via the Internet. 4. The at-home device for receiving and delivering television programming of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors being configured to transcode the over-the-air broadcast comprises the one or more processors being configured to transcode the over-the-air broadcast of the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel from MPEG-2 to MPEG-4. 5. The at-home device for receiving and delivering television programming of claim 2, wherein the transcoding performed by the one or more processors is performed in real time as the over-the-air broadcast of the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel is received. 6. The at-home device for receiving and delivering television programming of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors being configured to transcode the over-the-air broadcast comprises the one or more processors using adaptive bitrate streaming to adjust a streamed bitrate of the transcoded video stream to respond to network congestion determined via the wireless communication interface. 7. The at-home device for receiving and delivering television programming of claim 2, further comprising a second over-the-air television tuner, wherein the second over-the-air television tuner receives a second over-the-air broadcast of a second over-the-air broadcast television channel of the plurality of over-the-air broadcast television channels while the over-the-air television tuner is receiving the over-the-air broadcast of the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel. 8. The at-home device for receiving and delivering television programming of claim 2, wherein:
the over-the-air television tuner is configured to be communicatively connected with a plurality of over-the-air antennas that comprises the over-the-air antenna; and the one or more processors is further configured to select the over-the-air antenna from the plurality of over-the-air antennas to use to receive the over-the-air broadcast of the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel based on a signal strength associated with the over-the-air antenna. 9. The at-home device for receiving and delivering television programming of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors being configured to output the transcoded video stream comprises the one or more processors being configured to output the transcoded video stream via a wired communication interface to a television. 10. A method for using an at-home device for receiving and streaming television programming, the method comprising:
performing, by the at-home device, an initial setup of the at-home device to determine a plurality of over-the-air broadcast television channels that are received using an over-the-air television tuner connected with an over-the-air antenna at a home; transmitting, by the at-home device, via the Internet to a content manager hosted by a remote content provider system, an indication of the plurality of over-the-air broadcast television channels determined during the initial setup of the at-home device; receiving, by the at-home device, via a wireless communication interface in communication with a wireless network, a request to transmit a stream of an over-the-air broadcast television channel from the plurality of over-the-air broadcast television channels based on: (1) a request from a remote computerized device being transmitted; and (2) the indication of the plurality of the over-the-air broadcast channels determined during the performed initial setup of the at-home device; receiving, by the at-home device, from the over-the-air antenna connected with the over-the-air television tuner, an over-the-air broadcast of the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel; transcoding, by the at-home device, the over-the-air broadcast of the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel into a different video compression format to create a transcoded video stream; and outputting, by the at-home device, at least a portion of the transcoded video stream in response to the request. 11. The method for using the at-home device for receiving and streaming television programming of claim 10, wherein the at least the portion of the transcoded video stream output to the remote computerized device is transmitted to the remote computerized device via the Internet. 12. The method for using the at-home device for receiving and streaming television programming of claim 10, wherein transcoding the over-the-air broadcast comprises transcoding the over-the-air broadcast of the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel from MPEG-2 to MPEG-4. 13. The method for using the at-home device for receiving and streaming television programming of claim 10, wherein transcoding is performed in real time as the over-the-air broadcast of the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel is received. 14. The method for using the at-home device for receiving and streaming television programming of claim 10, wherein transcoding the over-the-air broadcast is performed using adaptive bitrate streaming to adjust a streamed bitrate of the transcoded video stream to respond to network congestion determined via the wireless communication interface. 15. The method for using the at-home device for receiving and streaming television programming of claim 10, further comprising:
receiving, using a second over-the-air television tuner, a second over-the-air broadcast of a second over-the-air broadcast television channel of the plurality of over-the-air broadcast television channels while the over-the-air television tuner is receiving the over-the-air broadcast of the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel. 16. The method for using the at-home device for receiving and streaming television programming of claim 10, wherein outputting at least the portion of the transcoded video stream in response to the request comprises outputting, by the at-home device, via a wired communication interface, at least the portion of the transcoded video stream to a display device. 17. A non-transitory processor-readable medium for an at-home over-the-air reception and streaming device, comprising processor-readable instructions configured to cause one or more processors to:
perform an initial setup of the at-home over-the-air reception and streaming device to determine a plurality of over-the-air broadcast television channels that are received using an over-the-air television tuner connected with an over-the-air antenna at a home; cause to be transmitted, to a content manager via the Internet, an indication of the plurality of over-the-air broadcast television channels determined during the performed initial setup of the at-home over-the-air reception and streaming device, wherein the content manager is hosted remotely by a remote content provider system; receive, via a wireless communication interface, a request to transmit a stream of an over-the-air broadcast television channel from the plurality of over-the-air broadcast television channels based on the indication of the plurality of the over-the-air broadcast television channels determined during the performed initial setup of the at-home over-the-air reception and streaming device; receive, from the over-the-air antenna connected with the over-the-air television tuner, an over-the-air broadcast of the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel; transcode, the over-the-air broadcast of the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel into a different video compression format to create a transcoded video stream; and output at least a portion of the transcoded video stream in response to the request. 18. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the at least the portion of the transcoded video stream output to the remote computerized device is transmitted to the remote computerized device via the Internet. 19. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the processor-readable instructions configure the one or more processors to transcode the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel from MPEG-2 to MPEG-4. 20. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the processor-readable instructions configure the one or more processors to transcode in real time as the over-the-air broadcast of the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel is received. 21. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the processor-readable instructions configure the one or more processors to output at least the portion of the transcoded video stream in response to the request comprises the one or more processors being configured to output at least the portion of the transcoded video stream via a wired interface to a display device. | Techniques are disclosed for capturing, transcoding, and caching off-air programming at a location local to the consumer. According to certain embodiments, a device is provided that receives off-air (e.g., broadcast) and/or cable (e.g., ClearQAM) programming via one or more antennas and caches the programming in various streams having various bit rates for later viewing using, for example, Adaptive Bit Rate (ABR) streaming. Such a device can be incorporated in a larger system that can stream content via a data communication network (e.g., the Internet) and the device in a seamless manner. The device also can be controlled by a remote system via the data communication network, and further can be configured to stream content to a remote device via the data communication network.1. (canceled) 2. An at-home device for receiving and delivering television programming, the at-home device comprising:
an over-the-air television tuner that receives over-the-air local television broadcasts from an over-the-air antenna installed at a home of a user; a memory; a wireless communication interface that communicates with a wireless network, the wireless communication interface being distinct from the over-the-air television tuners; and one or more processors communicatively coupled with the over-the-air television tuner, the memory, and the wireless communication interface, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
perform an initial setup of the at-home device to determine a plurality of over-the-air broadcast television channels that are received using the over-the-air television tuner via the over-the-air antenna at the home;
provide, via the Internet to a content manager hosted by a remote content provider system, an indication of the plurality of over-the-air broadcast television channels determined during the performed initial setup of the at-home device;
receive a request to transmit a stream of an over-the-air broadcast television channel from the plurality of over-the-air broadcast television channels from the content manager hosted by the remote content provider system based on: (1) the content manager receiving a request from a remote computerized device, and 2) the indication of the plurality of the over-the-air broadcast television channels determined during the performed initial setup of the at-home device;
receive, from the over-the-air antenna via the over-the-air television tuner, an over-the-air broadcast of the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel;
transcode the over-the-air broadcast of the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel into a different video compression format to create a transcoded video stream; and
output, via a communication interface, at least a portion of the transcoded video stream. 3. The at-home device for receiving and delivering television programming of claim 2, wherein the at least the portion of the transcoded video stream output to the remote computerized device is transmitted to the remote computerized device via the Internet. 4. The at-home device for receiving and delivering television programming of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors being configured to transcode the over-the-air broadcast comprises the one or more processors being configured to transcode the over-the-air broadcast of the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel from MPEG-2 to MPEG-4. 5. The at-home device for receiving and delivering television programming of claim 2, wherein the transcoding performed by the one or more processors is performed in real time as the over-the-air broadcast of the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel is received. 6. The at-home device for receiving and delivering television programming of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors being configured to transcode the over-the-air broadcast comprises the one or more processors using adaptive bitrate streaming to adjust a streamed bitrate of the transcoded video stream to respond to network congestion determined via the wireless communication interface. 7. The at-home device for receiving and delivering television programming of claim 2, further comprising a second over-the-air television tuner, wherein the second over-the-air television tuner receives a second over-the-air broadcast of a second over-the-air broadcast television channel of the plurality of over-the-air broadcast television channels while the over-the-air television tuner is receiving the over-the-air broadcast of the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel. 8. The at-home device for receiving and delivering television programming of claim 2, wherein:
the over-the-air television tuner is configured to be communicatively connected with a plurality of over-the-air antennas that comprises the over-the-air antenna; and the one or more processors is further configured to select the over-the-air antenna from the plurality of over-the-air antennas to use to receive the over-the-air broadcast of the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel based on a signal strength associated with the over-the-air antenna. 9. The at-home device for receiving and delivering television programming of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors being configured to output the transcoded video stream comprises the one or more processors being configured to output the transcoded video stream via a wired communication interface to a television. 10. A method for using an at-home device for receiving and streaming television programming, the method comprising:
performing, by the at-home device, an initial setup of the at-home device to determine a plurality of over-the-air broadcast television channels that are received using an over-the-air television tuner connected with an over-the-air antenna at a home; transmitting, by the at-home device, via the Internet to a content manager hosted by a remote content provider system, an indication of the plurality of over-the-air broadcast television channels determined during the initial setup of the at-home device; receiving, by the at-home device, via a wireless communication interface in communication with a wireless network, a request to transmit a stream of an over-the-air broadcast television channel from the plurality of over-the-air broadcast television channels based on: (1) a request from a remote computerized device being transmitted; and (2) the indication of the plurality of the over-the-air broadcast channels determined during the performed initial setup of the at-home device; receiving, by the at-home device, from the over-the-air antenna connected with the over-the-air television tuner, an over-the-air broadcast of the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel; transcoding, by the at-home device, the over-the-air broadcast of the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel into a different video compression format to create a transcoded video stream; and outputting, by the at-home device, at least a portion of the transcoded video stream in response to the request. 11. The method for using the at-home device for receiving and streaming television programming of claim 10, wherein the at least the portion of the transcoded video stream output to the remote computerized device is transmitted to the remote computerized device via the Internet. 12. The method for using the at-home device for receiving and streaming television programming of claim 10, wherein transcoding the over-the-air broadcast comprises transcoding the over-the-air broadcast of the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel from MPEG-2 to MPEG-4. 13. The method for using the at-home device for receiving and streaming television programming of claim 10, wherein transcoding is performed in real time as the over-the-air broadcast of the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel is received. 14. The method for using the at-home device for receiving and streaming television programming of claim 10, wherein transcoding the over-the-air broadcast is performed using adaptive bitrate streaming to adjust a streamed bitrate of the transcoded video stream to respond to network congestion determined via the wireless communication interface. 15. The method for using the at-home device for receiving and streaming television programming of claim 10, further comprising:
receiving, using a second over-the-air television tuner, a second over-the-air broadcast of a second over-the-air broadcast television channel of the plurality of over-the-air broadcast television channels while the over-the-air television tuner is receiving the over-the-air broadcast of the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel. 16. The method for using the at-home device for receiving and streaming television programming of claim 10, wherein outputting at least the portion of the transcoded video stream in response to the request comprises outputting, by the at-home device, via a wired communication interface, at least the portion of the transcoded video stream to a display device. 17. A non-transitory processor-readable medium for an at-home over-the-air reception and streaming device, comprising processor-readable instructions configured to cause one or more processors to:
perform an initial setup of the at-home over-the-air reception and streaming device to determine a plurality of over-the-air broadcast television channels that are received using an over-the-air television tuner connected with an over-the-air antenna at a home; cause to be transmitted, to a content manager via the Internet, an indication of the plurality of over-the-air broadcast television channels determined during the performed initial setup of the at-home over-the-air reception and streaming device, wherein the content manager is hosted remotely by a remote content provider system; receive, via a wireless communication interface, a request to transmit a stream of an over-the-air broadcast television channel from the plurality of over-the-air broadcast television channels based on the indication of the plurality of the over-the-air broadcast television channels determined during the performed initial setup of the at-home over-the-air reception and streaming device; receive, from the over-the-air antenna connected with the over-the-air television tuner, an over-the-air broadcast of the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel; transcode, the over-the-air broadcast of the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel into a different video compression format to create a transcoded video stream; and output at least a portion of the transcoded video stream in response to the request. 18. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the at least the portion of the transcoded video stream output to the remote computerized device is transmitted to the remote computerized device via the Internet. 19. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the processor-readable instructions configure the one or more processors to transcode the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel from MPEG-2 to MPEG-4. 20. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the processor-readable instructions configure the one or more processors to transcode in real time as the over-the-air broadcast of the requested over-the-air broadcast television channel is received. 21. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the processor-readable instructions configure the one or more processors to output at least the portion of the transcoded video stream in response to the request comprises the one or more processors being configured to output at least the portion of the transcoded video stream via a wired interface to a display device. | 2,800 |
349,264 | 16,806,829 | 2,699 | Methods, devices, and systems for determining a job file for a three-dimensional printing machine based on part-to-build data. Embodiments include determining the part-to-build data based on: determining part data from a received computer-aided design (CAD) file, generating orientation data, generating support data, generating feature data, and generating slicing data. In some embodiments, determining the job file may be further based on generating nesting matrix associated with the part-to-build data. | 1. A system comprising:
a part-to-build component, wherein the part-to-build component comprises a processor and an addressable memory, the processor configured to:
determine part data from a received at least one computer-aided design (CAD) file;
determine a part-to-build file based on: geometry data associated with the received at least one CAD file; and
a job generating component wherein the job generating component comprises a processor and an addressable memory, the processor configured to:
generate a nesting matrix associated with a received determined part-to-build file via a nesting component;
generate slicing data based on the generated nesting matrix associated with the received determined part-to-build file;
determine a job file based on the generated nesting matrix and the generated slicing data, wherein the job file comprises data for operating a three-dimensional printer. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the part-to-build component processor is further configured to receive user input from a user interface. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the part data comprises data relating to geometric information of at least one part stored in the received CAD file. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor of the part-to-build component is further configured to:
generate orientation data associated with the determined part data via an orientation component; generate support data associated with the determined part data via a support generation component; and generate feature data associated with the determined part data via a feature type component. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the part-to-build file is determined further based on at least one of: determined part data, generated orientation data, generated support data, and generated feature data. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the part-to-build component processor is further configured to receive surface recognition data related to the determined part data from an external surface recognition component. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor of the job generating component is further configured to:
output the job file to a three-dimensional printing machine for performing three-dimensional printing. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the job generating component processor is further configured to receive user input from a user interface. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the generation of the nesting matrix is further based on the received user input. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the job file directs a three-dimensional printing machine to machine the part data contained within the job file. 11. A method comprising:
transmitting, by a computing device, a request to a three-dimensional (3D) printing machine for machine-specific data based on receiving job input data comprising data related to a desired build; receiving, by the computing device, a part-to-build data, wherein the part-to-build data comprises: geometry data relating to at least one three-dimensional computer-aided design (CAD) file, and a set of manufacturing information data; determining, by the computing device, nesting matrix data associated with the received part-to-build data; and determining, by the computing device, slicing data based on the determined nesting matrix data associated with the received part-to-build data; determining, by the computing device, a machine job file based on determined nesting matrix data and determined slicing data. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the set of manufacturing information data comprises at least one of: part orientation data, support structure data, feature data, and slicing data. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the determining of nesting matrix data is based on the received job input data. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
determining, by the computing device, feature type data and exposure strategy data. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein determining the machine job file is further based on the determined feature type data and exposure strategy data. 16. A device for generating a job file, the device comprising:
a processor and addressable memory, the processor configured to:
receive at least one computer-aided design (CAD) file;
determine part data from the at least one CAD file;
generate a part-to-build file wherein the part-to-build file comprises:
geometry data related to at least one CAD file;
determine nesting matrix data associated with the generated part-to-build file;
determine slicing data based on the determined nesting matrix data associated with the generated part-to-build file; and
generate a job file based on the determined nesting matrix data and determined slicing data. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the part-to-build file further comprises: at least one of: part data, orientation data, support data, and feature data. 18. The device of claim 16, wherein the generation of slicing data is based on data related to the determined part data, the data comprising at least one of: orientation data, support data, and feature data. 19. The device of claim 16, wherein the generation of the job file is related to the received data in the part-to-build file, exposure strategy data, and nested part data. | Methods, devices, and systems for determining a job file for a three-dimensional printing machine based on part-to-build data. Embodiments include determining the part-to-build data based on: determining part data from a received computer-aided design (CAD) file, generating orientation data, generating support data, generating feature data, and generating slicing data. In some embodiments, determining the job file may be further based on generating nesting matrix associated with the part-to-build data.1. A system comprising:
a part-to-build component, wherein the part-to-build component comprises a processor and an addressable memory, the processor configured to:
determine part data from a received at least one computer-aided design (CAD) file;
determine a part-to-build file based on: geometry data associated with the received at least one CAD file; and
a job generating component wherein the job generating component comprises a processor and an addressable memory, the processor configured to:
generate a nesting matrix associated with a received determined part-to-build file via a nesting component;
generate slicing data based on the generated nesting matrix associated with the received determined part-to-build file;
determine a job file based on the generated nesting matrix and the generated slicing data, wherein the job file comprises data for operating a three-dimensional printer. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the part-to-build component processor is further configured to receive user input from a user interface. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the part data comprises data relating to geometric information of at least one part stored in the received CAD file. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor of the part-to-build component is further configured to:
generate orientation data associated with the determined part data via an orientation component; generate support data associated with the determined part data via a support generation component; and generate feature data associated with the determined part data via a feature type component. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the part-to-build file is determined further based on at least one of: determined part data, generated orientation data, generated support data, and generated feature data. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the part-to-build component processor is further configured to receive surface recognition data related to the determined part data from an external surface recognition component. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor of the job generating component is further configured to:
output the job file to a three-dimensional printing machine for performing three-dimensional printing. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the job generating component processor is further configured to receive user input from a user interface. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the generation of the nesting matrix is further based on the received user input. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the job file directs a three-dimensional printing machine to machine the part data contained within the job file. 11. A method comprising:
transmitting, by a computing device, a request to a three-dimensional (3D) printing machine for machine-specific data based on receiving job input data comprising data related to a desired build; receiving, by the computing device, a part-to-build data, wherein the part-to-build data comprises: geometry data relating to at least one three-dimensional computer-aided design (CAD) file, and a set of manufacturing information data; determining, by the computing device, nesting matrix data associated with the received part-to-build data; and determining, by the computing device, slicing data based on the determined nesting matrix data associated with the received part-to-build data; determining, by the computing device, a machine job file based on determined nesting matrix data and determined slicing data. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the set of manufacturing information data comprises at least one of: part orientation data, support structure data, feature data, and slicing data. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the determining of nesting matrix data is based on the received job input data. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
determining, by the computing device, feature type data and exposure strategy data. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein determining the machine job file is further based on the determined feature type data and exposure strategy data. 16. A device for generating a job file, the device comprising:
a processor and addressable memory, the processor configured to:
receive at least one computer-aided design (CAD) file;
determine part data from the at least one CAD file;
generate a part-to-build file wherein the part-to-build file comprises:
geometry data related to at least one CAD file;
determine nesting matrix data associated with the generated part-to-build file;
determine slicing data based on the determined nesting matrix data associated with the generated part-to-build file; and
generate a job file based on the determined nesting matrix data and determined slicing data. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the part-to-build file further comprises: at least one of: part data, orientation data, support data, and feature data. 18. The device of claim 16, wherein the generation of slicing data is based on data related to the determined part data, the data comprising at least one of: orientation data, support data, and feature data. 19. The device of claim 16, wherein the generation of the job file is related to the received data in the part-to-build file, exposure strategy data, and nested part data. | 2,600 |
349,265 | 16,806,817 | 2,699 | Disclosed is a process for isolating cell-free nucleic acid (including both DNA and RNA) or an analog thereof from a bodily fluid, and which entails: a) mixing in a container the bodily fluid, a chaotropic agent in solid form, a detergent and a buffer, and a solid phase which includes magnetic particles, thus forming a reaction mixture containing the cell-free nucleic acid; b) magnetically separating the solid phase having the cell-free nucleic acid bound thereto from the reaction mixture; and optionally c) dissociating the nucleic acid from the solid phase. Compositions and kits are also disclosed. | 1. A composition useful for isolating cell-free nucleic acid from a bodily fluid, comprising a chaotropic agent in solid form, a buffer, and a detergent, wherein the chaotropic agent is present in an amount of about 2 to about 10 grams and is selected such that when mixed with a volume of sample fluid to form a reaction mixture having a volume of about 2 to about 10 milliliters, the chaotropic agent is present in a concentration of about 3M to about 10M. 2. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the buffer is solid, and the detergent is a liquid or a solid. 3. A composition according to claim 2, wherein the buffer is a phosphate buffer salt, TrisOH/TriHCl solid, or TrisHCl/TrisHAc. 4. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the buffer is liquid, and the detergent is a liquid or a solid. 5. A composition according to claim 4, wherein the buffer is TRIS HCl, 100 mM, PH8.0, Tris HAc, pH8.0, or Tricine HCl, 100 mM. 6. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the detergent is solid, and the buffer is a liquid or a solid. 7. A composition according to claim 6, wherein the detergent is sodium deoxycholate or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). 8. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the detergent is liquid, and the buffer is a liquid or a solid. 9. A composition according to claim 8, wherein the detergent is octylphenol ethoxylate. 10. A composition according to claim 1, further comprising magnetic particles. 11. A composition according to claim 1, further comprising a chelating agent or an anti-clotting agent, or a combination thereof. 12. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the chaotropic agent is present in an amount of about 4 to about 6 grams. 13. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the chaotropic agent is present in an amount effective to achieve a molarity of about 4M to about 6M when mixed with a volume of sample fluid of about 2 to about 10 milliliters. 14. A composition according to claim 13, wherein the chaotropic agent is present in an amount effective to achieve a molarity of about 4M to about 7.5M when mixed with a volume of sample fluid of about 2 to about 10 milliliters. 15. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the chaotropic agent is present in an amount effective to achieve a molarity of about 5.5M to about 6.5M when mixed with a volume of sample fluid of about 2 to about 10 milliliters. 16. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the chaotropic agent is present in an amount effective to achieve a molarity of about 3M to about 10M when mixed with a volume of sample fluid of about 2.5 to about 5 milliliters. 17. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the chaotropic agent is present in an amount effective to achieve a molarity of about 3M to about 10M when mixed with a volume of sample fluid of about 3 to about 5 milliliters. 18. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the chaotropic agent is present in an amount effective to achieve a molarity of about 3M to about 10M when mixed with a volume of sample fluid of about 5 milliliters. 19. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the chaotropic agent is present in an amount effective to achieve a molarity of about 5.5M to about 6.5M when mixed with a volume of sample fluid of about 3 to about 5 milliliters. 20. A test kit for isolating cell-free nucleic acid from a bodily fluid, comprising in a first container, a chaotropic agent in solid form in an amount of about 2 to about 10 grams and is selected such that when mixed with a volume of sample fluid to form a reaction mixture having a volume of about 2 to about 10 milliliters, the chaotropic agent is present in a concentration of about 3M to about 10M, a buffer, and a detergent. 21. A test kit according to claim 20, wherein the first container further comprises a solid phase comprising magnetic particles. 22. A test kit according to claim 20, further comprising a second container having disposed therein a solid phase comprising magnetic particles. 23. A test kit according to claim 22, wherein the magnetic particles are coated with silica. 24. A test kit according to claim 20, further comprising a second container having disposed therein a washing buffer comprising a chaotrope. 25. A test kit according to claim 20, further comprising a third container comprising a washing buffer comprising a drying agent. 26. A test kit according to claim 20, further comprising a fourth container comprising an elution buffer. 27. A process for isolating cell-free nucleic acid or an analog thereof from a bodily fluid, comprising: a) mixing in a container the bodily fluid, a chaotropic agent in solid form, a detergent and a buffer, and a solid phase which comprises magnetic particles, thus forming a reaction mixture containing the cell-free nucleic acid, wherein the reaction mixture has a volume of about 2 ml to about 10 ml, and wherein the chaotropic agent is present in the reaction mixture in an amount of about 2 to about 10 grams and at a concentration of about 3M to about 10M; b) magnetically separating the solid phase having the cell-free nucleic acid bound thereto from the reaction mixture; and optionally c) dissociating the nucleic acid from the solid phase. 28. A process according to claim 27, wherein the bodily fluid comprises blood or a component thereof. 29. A process according to claim 28, wherein the bodily fluid is maternal blood or a component thereof. 30. A process according to claim 27, wherein the bodily fluid is obtained from a cancer patient who has been treated with a therapeutic agent which comprises a nucleic-acid analog. | Disclosed is a process for isolating cell-free nucleic acid (including both DNA and RNA) or an analog thereof from a bodily fluid, and which entails: a) mixing in a container the bodily fluid, a chaotropic agent in solid form, a detergent and a buffer, and a solid phase which includes magnetic particles, thus forming a reaction mixture containing the cell-free nucleic acid; b) magnetically separating the solid phase having the cell-free nucleic acid bound thereto from the reaction mixture; and optionally c) dissociating the nucleic acid from the solid phase. Compositions and kits are also disclosed.1. A composition useful for isolating cell-free nucleic acid from a bodily fluid, comprising a chaotropic agent in solid form, a buffer, and a detergent, wherein the chaotropic agent is present in an amount of about 2 to about 10 grams and is selected such that when mixed with a volume of sample fluid to form a reaction mixture having a volume of about 2 to about 10 milliliters, the chaotropic agent is present in a concentration of about 3M to about 10M. 2. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the buffer is solid, and the detergent is a liquid or a solid. 3. A composition according to claim 2, wherein the buffer is a phosphate buffer salt, TrisOH/TriHCl solid, or TrisHCl/TrisHAc. 4. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the buffer is liquid, and the detergent is a liquid or a solid. 5. A composition according to claim 4, wherein the buffer is TRIS HCl, 100 mM, PH8.0, Tris HAc, pH8.0, or Tricine HCl, 100 mM. 6. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the detergent is solid, and the buffer is a liquid or a solid. 7. A composition according to claim 6, wherein the detergent is sodium deoxycholate or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). 8. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the detergent is liquid, and the buffer is a liquid or a solid. 9. A composition according to claim 8, wherein the detergent is octylphenol ethoxylate. 10. A composition according to claim 1, further comprising magnetic particles. 11. A composition according to claim 1, further comprising a chelating agent or an anti-clotting agent, or a combination thereof. 12. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the chaotropic agent is present in an amount of about 4 to about 6 grams. 13. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the chaotropic agent is present in an amount effective to achieve a molarity of about 4M to about 6M when mixed with a volume of sample fluid of about 2 to about 10 milliliters. 14. A composition according to claim 13, wherein the chaotropic agent is present in an amount effective to achieve a molarity of about 4M to about 7.5M when mixed with a volume of sample fluid of about 2 to about 10 milliliters. 15. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the chaotropic agent is present in an amount effective to achieve a molarity of about 5.5M to about 6.5M when mixed with a volume of sample fluid of about 2 to about 10 milliliters. 16. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the chaotropic agent is present in an amount effective to achieve a molarity of about 3M to about 10M when mixed with a volume of sample fluid of about 2.5 to about 5 milliliters. 17. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the chaotropic agent is present in an amount effective to achieve a molarity of about 3M to about 10M when mixed with a volume of sample fluid of about 3 to about 5 milliliters. 18. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the chaotropic agent is present in an amount effective to achieve a molarity of about 3M to about 10M when mixed with a volume of sample fluid of about 5 milliliters. 19. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the chaotropic agent is present in an amount effective to achieve a molarity of about 5.5M to about 6.5M when mixed with a volume of sample fluid of about 3 to about 5 milliliters. 20. A test kit for isolating cell-free nucleic acid from a bodily fluid, comprising in a first container, a chaotropic agent in solid form in an amount of about 2 to about 10 grams and is selected such that when mixed with a volume of sample fluid to form a reaction mixture having a volume of about 2 to about 10 milliliters, the chaotropic agent is present in a concentration of about 3M to about 10M, a buffer, and a detergent. 21. A test kit according to claim 20, wherein the first container further comprises a solid phase comprising magnetic particles. 22. A test kit according to claim 20, further comprising a second container having disposed therein a solid phase comprising magnetic particles. 23. A test kit according to claim 22, wherein the magnetic particles are coated with silica. 24. A test kit according to claim 20, further comprising a second container having disposed therein a washing buffer comprising a chaotrope. 25. A test kit according to claim 20, further comprising a third container comprising a washing buffer comprising a drying agent. 26. A test kit according to claim 20, further comprising a fourth container comprising an elution buffer. 27. A process for isolating cell-free nucleic acid or an analog thereof from a bodily fluid, comprising: a) mixing in a container the bodily fluid, a chaotropic agent in solid form, a detergent and a buffer, and a solid phase which comprises magnetic particles, thus forming a reaction mixture containing the cell-free nucleic acid, wherein the reaction mixture has a volume of about 2 ml to about 10 ml, and wherein the chaotropic agent is present in the reaction mixture in an amount of about 2 to about 10 grams and at a concentration of about 3M to about 10M; b) magnetically separating the solid phase having the cell-free nucleic acid bound thereto from the reaction mixture; and optionally c) dissociating the nucleic acid from the solid phase. 28. A process according to claim 27, wherein the bodily fluid comprises blood or a component thereof. 29. A process according to claim 28, wherein the bodily fluid is maternal blood or a component thereof. 30. A process according to claim 27, wherein the bodily fluid is obtained from a cancer patient who has been treated with a therapeutic agent which comprises a nucleic-acid analog. | 2,600 |
349,266 | 16,806,834 | 2,699 | The invention comprises a solid state infrared source and method of use thereof comprising: (1) an electrically conductive film, comprising a semi-transparent material, the semi-transparent material comprising a transmission property of at least forty percent, wherein at least forty percent of internal infrared emissions from the electrically conductive film transmit to an outer surface of the electrically conductive film, wherein the infrared emissions comprise a peak intensity between 3.9 and 6 micrometers; (2) a first silicon nitride layer; and (3) a second silicon nitride layer, the electrically conductive film positioned between the first silicon nitride layer and the second silicon nitride layer, where applying an electric current of less than one Watt through the electrically conductive film raises a temperature of the electrically conductive film to in excess of eight hundred degrees centigrade in less than twenty milliseconds resultant in the infrared emissions. | 1. An apparatus, comprising:
a solid state source, comprising:
an electrically conductive film, comprising a semi-transparent material, said semi-transparent material comprising a transmission property of at least forty percent, wherein at least forty percent of internal infrared emissions from said electrically conductive film transmit to an outer surface of said electrically conductive film,
wherein the infrared emissions comprise a peak intensity between 3.9 and 6 micrometers. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, said solid state source further comprising:
a first silicon nitride film; and a second silicon nitride film, said electrically conductive film both positioned between and substantially contacting said first silicon nitride film and said second silicon nitride film. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, said electrically conductive film comprising:
a metal oxide; and a thickness of less than three micrometers. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, said electrically conductive film comprising:
at least ninety-five percent zinc oxide, said semi-transparent material comprising zinc oxide. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, said solid state source further comprising:
a layer of metal oxide crystals separated by gaps, a first mean minimum cross-section of said metal oxide crystals of less than one hundred micrometers, a second mean minimum cross-section of the gaps of less than fifty micrometers. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, said metal oxide crystals comprising:
at least fifty percent zinc oxide. 7. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising:
a filler material filling a subset of said gaps proximate an emission surface of said layer of metal oxide crystals, said filler material comprising an index of refraction greater than 1.4. 8. The apparatus of claim 2, said solid state source further comprising:
a silicon substrate; a silicon dioxide side of said silicon substrate; and a reflective layer between said silicon dioxide side of said silicon substrate and said electrically conductive film. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising:
a third silicon nitride film comprising an indention therein, said reflective layer positioned in said indention. 10. A method, comprising the steps of:
providing a solid state source, comprising:
an electrically conductive film, comprising a semi-transparent material;
transmitting at least forty percent of internal infrared emissions from a center of said semi-transparent material to an outer surface of said electrically conductive film, wherein the infrared emissions comprise a peak intensity between 3.9 and 6 micrometers. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising the step of:
applying a pulsed current to said electrically conductive film resulting in heating of said electrically conductive film to 700 to 1300 degrees centigrade with less than 1.5 Watts. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of:
isolating the pulsed current into said electrically conductive film by sealing a length and width of said electrically conductive film between a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising the step of:
reflecting the infrared emissions off of a reflective layer, said reflective layer positioned in said solid state source between said first dielectric layer and a support matrix of silicon. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising the steps of:
thermally conducting heat, resultant from application of said pulsed current, from said electrically conductive film, through said second dielectric layer to a nanoparticle layer of zinc oxide particles; and said zinc oxide particles emitting a second set of infrared photons. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising the step of:
dissipating heat from said electrically conductive film, between peak intensities of the pulsed current, through said first dielectric layer comprising a first thickness of less than five micrometers and said second dielectric layer comprising a second thickness of less than five micrometers. | The invention comprises a solid state infrared source and method of use thereof comprising: (1) an electrically conductive film, comprising a semi-transparent material, the semi-transparent material comprising a transmission property of at least forty percent, wherein at least forty percent of internal infrared emissions from the electrically conductive film transmit to an outer surface of the electrically conductive film, wherein the infrared emissions comprise a peak intensity between 3.9 and 6 micrometers; (2) a first silicon nitride layer; and (3) a second silicon nitride layer, the electrically conductive film positioned between the first silicon nitride layer and the second silicon nitride layer, where applying an electric current of less than one Watt through the electrically conductive film raises a temperature of the electrically conductive film to in excess of eight hundred degrees centigrade in less than twenty milliseconds resultant in the infrared emissions.1. An apparatus, comprising:
a solid state source, comprising:
an electrically conductive film, comprising a semi-transparent material, said semi-transparent material comprising a transmission property of at least forty percent, wherein at least forty percent of internal infrared emissions from said electrically conductive film transmit to an outer surface of said electrically conductive film,
wherein the infrared emissions comprise a peak intensity between 3.9 and 6 micrometers. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, said solid state source further comprising:
a first silicon nitride film; and a second silicon nitride film, said electrically conductive film both positioned between and substantially contacting said first silicon nitride film and said second silicon nitride film. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, said electrically conductive film comprising:
a metal oxide; and a thickness of less than three micrometers. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, said electrically conductive film comprising:
at least ninety-five percent zinc oxide, said semi-transparent material comprising zinc oxide. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, said solid state source further comprising:
a layer of metal oxide crystals separated by gaps, a first mean minimum cross-section of said metal oxide crystals of less than one hundred micrometers, a second mean minimum cross-section of the gaps of less than fifty micrometers. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, said metal oxide crystals comprising:
at least fifty percent zinc oxide. 7. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising:
a filler material filling a subset of said gaps proximate an emission surface of said layer of metal oxide crystals, said filler material comprising an index of refraction greater than 1.4. 8. The apparatus of claim 2, said solid state source further comprising:
a silicon substrate; a silicon dioxide side of said silicon substrate; and a reflective layer between said silicon dioxide side of said silicon substrate and said electrically conductive film. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising:
a third silicon nitride film comprising an indention therein, said reflective layer positioned in said indention. 10. A method, comprising the steps of:
providing a solid state source, comprising:
an electrically conductive film, comprising a semi-transparent material;
transmitting at least forty percent of internal infrared emissions from a center of said semi-transparent material to an outer surface of said electrically conductive film, wherein the infrared emissions comprise a peak intensity between 3.9 and 6 micrometers. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising the step of:
applying a pulsed current to said electrically conductive film resulting in heating of said electrically conductive film to 700 to 1300 degrees centigrade with less than 1.5 Watts. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of:
isolating the pulsed current into said electrically conductive film by sealing a length and width of said electrically conductive film between a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising the step of:
reflecting the infrared emissions off of a reflective layer, said reflective layer positioned in said solid state source between said first dielectric layer and a support matrix of silicon. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising the steps of:
thermally conducting heat, resultant from application of said pulsed current, from said electrically conductive film, through said second dielectric layer to a nanoparticle layer of zinc oxide particles; and said zinc oxide particles emitting a second set of infrared photons. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising the step of:
dissipating heat from said electrically conductive film, between peak intensities of the pulsed current, through said first dielectric layer comprising a first thickness of less than five micrometers and said second dielectric layer comprising a second thickness of less than five micrometers. | 2,600 |
349,267 | 16,806,798 | 2,699 | Embodiments relate to a neural processor circuit including one or more planar engine circuits that perform non-convolution operations in parallel with convolution operations performed by one or more neural engine circuits. The neural engine circuits perform the convolution operations on neural input data corresponding to one or more neural engine tasks to generate neural output data. The planar engine circuits perform non-convolution operations on planar input data corresponding to one or more planar engine tasks to generate planar output data. A data processor circuit in the neural processor circuit addresses data dependency between the one or more neural engine tasks and the one or more planar engine tasks by controlling reading of the neural output data as the planar input data by the planar engine circuits or reading of the planar output data as the neural input data by the neural engine circuits. | 1. A neural processor circuit comprising:
one or more neural engine circuits configured to perform convolution operations on neural input data corresponding to one or more neural engine tasks to generate neural output data; one or more planar engine circuits configured to perform non-convolution operations on planar input data corresponding to one or more planar engine tasks to generate planar output data, the one or more engine circuits configured to perform the non-convolution operations in parallel with performing of the convolution operations by the one or more neural engines; and a data processor circuit coupled to the one or more neural engine circuits and the one or more planar engine circuits, the data processor circuit configured to address data dependency between the one or more neural engine tasks and the one or more planar engine tasks by controlling:
reading of the neural output data as the planar input data by the one or more planar engine circuits, or
reading of the planar output data as the neural input data by the one or more neural engine circuits. 2. The neural processor circuit of claim 1, wherein (i) two or more of the neural engine tasks are performed in parallel with one of the planar engine tasks or (ii) two or more of the planar engine tasks are performed in parallel with one of the neural engine tasks. 3. The neural processor circuit of claim 1, wherein the data processor circuit comprises:
a buffer circuit configured to store at least one of the neural output data or the planar output data, and a data control circuit coupled to the buffer circuit and configured to selectively enable:
the one or more neural engines to read neural input data corresponding to a neural engine task responsive to the neural output data or the planar output data upon which the neural engine task depends is available in the buffer circuit, or
the one or more planar engines to read planar input data corresponding to a planar engine task responsive to the neural output data or the planar output data upon which the planar engine task depends is available in the buffer circuit. 4. The neural processor circuit of claim 3, wherein the data processor circuit further comprises a task buffer coupled to the data control circuit, the task buffer configured to store entries of configuration data corresponding to a subset of the neural engine tasks and the planar engine tasks, the configuration data indicating:
a configuration of the data control circuit for a corresponding neural engine task or a corresponding planar engine task, and data dependency between the subset of the neural engine tasks and the planar engine tasks. 5. The neural processor circuit of claim 4, further comprising a task manager circuit configured to:
receive a plurality of task descriptors, each of the task descriptors defining a configuration of the neural processor circuit to execute a corresponding neural engine task or a corresponding planar engine task, and extract configuration data corresponding to the tasks descriptors, and send the extracted configuration data to the data processor circuit for processing and storage. 6. The neural processor circuit of claim 5, wherein the task descriptors are generated by a compiling process. 7. The neural processor circuit of claim 4, wherein the data processor circuit is further configured to:
discard a first portion of the configuration data for a finished neural engine task or a finished planar engine task from the task buffer, and store a second portion of the configuration data for a new neural engine tasks or a new planar engine task responsive to discarding the first portion of the configuration data. 8. The neural processor circuit of claim 1, wherein the data processor circuit is further configured to address data hazards between the one or more neural engine tasks and the one or more planar engine tasks by controlling writing of the neural output data or the planar output data into the data processor circuit. 9. The neural processor circuit of claim 1, wherein the non-convolution operations comprise at least one of an operation to reduce a spatial size of the planar input data or an elementwise operation on the planar input data. 10. The neural processor circuit of claim 1, wherein the data processor circuit causes:
the one or more neural engine circuits to perform the one or more neural engine tasks in a first sequence as determined by a compiling process for a neural network, and the one or more plana engine circuits to perform the one or more planar engine tasks in a second sequence as determined by the compiling process. 11. A method of performing neural processing operations, comprising:
controlling, by a data processor circuit, reading of neural output data as planar input data by one or more neural engine circuits or reading of planar output data as neural input data by one or more planar engine circuits to address data dependency between the one or more neural engine tasks and the one or more planar engine tasks; performing, by the one or more neural engine circuits, convolution operations on the neural input data corresponding to one or more neural engine tasks to generate the neural output data; and performing, by the one or more planar engine circuits, non-convolution operations in parallel with performing of the convolution operations, on the planar input data corresponding to one or more planar engine tasks to generate the planar output data. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein (i) two or more of the neural engine tasks are performed in parallel with one of the planar engine tasks or (ii) two or more of the planar engine tasks are performed in parallel with one of the neural engine tasks. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
storing at least one of the neural output data or the planar output data in a buffer circuit; and selectively enabling the one or more neural engines to read neural input data corresponding to a neural engine task or enable the one or more planar engines to read planar input data corresponding to a planar engine task responsive to the neural output data or the planar output data upon which the neural engine task or the planar engine task depends is available in the buffer circuit. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising storing, in a task buffer of the data processor circuit, entries of configuration data corresponding to a subset of the neural engine tasks and the planar engine tasks, the configuration data indicating:
a configuration of the data control circuit for a corresponding neural engine task or a corresponding planar engine task, and data dependency between the subset of the neural engine tasks and the planar engine tasks. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising configured to:
receiving, by a task manager circuit, a plurality of task descriptors, each of the task descriptors defining a configuration of the neural processor circuit to execute a corresponding neural engine task or a corresponding planar engine task, and extracting, by the task manager circuit, configuration data corresponding to the tasks descriptors, and sending the extracted configuration data from the task manager circuit to the data processor circuit for processing and storage. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
discarding a first portion of the configuration data for a finished neural engine task or a finished planar engine task from the task buffer, and storing a second portion of the configuration data for a new neural engine tasks or a new planar engine task responsive to discarding the first portion of the configuration data. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising controlling writing of the neural output data by the one or more neural engine circuits or writing of the planar output data by the one or more planar engine circuits into the data processor circuit. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the non-convolution operations comprise at least one of an operation to reduce a spatial size of the planar input data or an elementwise operation on the planar input data. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more neural engine tasks are performed in a first sequence as determined by a compiling process for a neural network, and the one or more planar engine tasks are performed in a second sequence as determined by the compiling process. 20. An electronic device, comprising:
one or more neural engine circuits configured to perform convolution operations on neural input data corresponding to one or more neural engine tasks to generate neural output data; one or more planar engine circuits configured to perform non-convolution operations on planar input data corresponding to one or more planar engine tasks to generate planar output data, the one or more engine circuits configured to perform the non-convolution operations in parallel with performing of the convolution operations by the one or more neural engines; and a data processor circuit coupled to the one or more neural engine circuits and the one or more planar engine circuits, the data processor circuit configured to address data dependency between the one or more neural engine tasks and the one or more planar engine tasks by controlling:
reading of the neural output data as the planar input data by the one or more planar engine circuits, or
reading of the planar output data as the neural input data by the one or more neural engine circuits. | Embodiments relate to a neural processor circuit including one or more planar engine circuits that perform non-convolution operations in parallel with convolution operations performed by one or more neural engine circuits. The neural engine circuits perform the convolution operations on neural input data corresponding to one or more neural engine tasks to generate neural output data. The planar engine circuits perform non-convolution operations on planar input data corresponding to one or more planar engine tasks to generate planar output data. A data processor circuit in the neural processor circuit addresses data dependency between the one or more neural engine tasks and the one or more planar engine tasks by controlling reading of the neural output data as the planar input data by the planar engine circuits or reading of the planar output data as the neural input data by the neural engine circuits.1. A neural processor circuit comprising:
one or more neural engine circuits configured to perform convolution operations on neural input data corresponding to one or more neural engine tasks to generate neural output data; one or more planar engine circuits configured to perform non-convolution operations on planar input data corresponding to one or more planar engine tasks to generate planar output data, the one or more engine circuits configured to perform the non-convolution operations in parallel with performing of the convolution operations by the one or more neural engines; and a data processor circuit coupled to the one or more neural engine circuits and the one or more planar engine circuits, the data processor circuit configured to address data dependency between the one or more neural engine tasks and the one or more planar engine tasks by controlling:
reading of the neural output data as the planar input data by the one or more planar engine circuits, or
reading of the planar output data as the neural input data by the one or more neural engine circuits. 2. The neural processor circuit of claim 1, wherein (i) two or more of the neural engine tasks are performed in parallel with one of the planar engine tasks or (ii) two or more of the planar engine tasks are performed in parallel with one of the neural engine tasks. 3. The neural processor circuit of claim 1, wherein the data processor circuit comprises:
a buffer circuit configured to store at least one of the neural output data or the planar output data, and a data control circuit coupled to the buffer circuit and configured to selectively enable:
the one or more neural engines to read neural input data corresponding to a neural engine task responsive to the neural output data or the planar output data upon which the neural engine task depends is available in the buffer circuit, or
the one or more planar engines to read planar input data corresponding to a planar engine task responsive to the neural output data or the planar output data upon which the planar engine task depends is available in the buffer circuit. 4. The neural processor circuit of claim 3, wherein the data processor circuit further comprises a task buffer coupled to the data control circuit, the task buffer configured to store entries of configuration data corresponding to a subset of the neural engine tasks and the planar engine tasks, the configuration data indicating:
a configuration of the data control circuit for a corresponding neural engine task or a corresponding planar engine task, and data dependency between the subset of the neural engine tasks and the planar engine tasks. 5. The neural processor circuit of claim 4, further comprising a task manager circuit configured to:
receive a plurality of task descriptors, each of the task descriptors defining a configuration of the neural processor circuit to execute a corresponding neural engine task or a corresponding planar engine task, and extract configuration data corresponding to the tasks descriptors, and send the extracted configuration data to the data processor circuit for processing and storage. 6. The neural processor circuit of claim 5, wherein the task descriptors are generated by a compiling process. 7. The neural processor circuit of claim 4, wherein the data processor circuit is further configured to:
discard a first portion of the configuration data for a finished neural engine task or a finished planar engine task from the task buffer, and store a second portion of the configuration data for a new neural engine tasks or a new planar engine task responsive to discarding the first portion of the configuration data. 8. The neural processor circuit of claim 1, wherein the data processor circuit is further configured to address data hazards between the one or more neural engine tasks and the one or more planar engine tasks by controlling writing of the neural output data or the planar output data into the data processor circuit. 9. The neural processor circuit of claim 1, wherein the non-convolution operations comprise at least one of an operation to reduce a spatial size of the planar input data or an elementwise operation on the planar input data. 10. The neural processor circuit of claim 1, wherein the data processor circuit causes:
the one or more neural engine circuits to perform the one or more neural engine tasks in a first sequence as determined by a compiling process for a neural network, and the one or more plana engine circuits to perform the one or more planar engine tasks in a second sequence as determined by the compiling process. 11. A method of performing neural processing operations, comprising:
controlling, by a data processor circuit, reading of neural output data as planar input data by one or more neural engine circuits or reading of planar output data as neural input data by one or more planar engine circuits to address data dependency between the one or more neural engine tasks and the one or more planar engine tasks; performing, by the one or more neural engine circuits, convolution operations on the neural input data corresponding to one or more neural engine tasks to generate the neural output data; and performing, by the one or more planar engine circuits, non-convolution operations in parallel with performing of the convolution operations, on the planar input data corresponding to one or more planar engine tasks to generate the planar output data. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein (i) two or more of the neural engine tasks are performed in parallel with one of the planar engine tasks or (ii) two or more of the planar engine tasks are performed in parallel with one of the neural engine tasks. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
storing at least one of the neural output data or the planar output data in a buffer circuit; and selectively enabling the one or more neural engines to read neural input data corresponding to a neural engine task or enable the one or more planar engines to read planar input data corresponding to a planar engine task responsive to the neural output data or the planar output data upon which the neural engine task or the planar engine task depends is available in the buffer circuit. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising storing, in a task buffer of the data processor circuit, entries of configuration data corresponding to a subset of the neural engine tasks and the planar engine tasks, the configuration data indicating:
a configuration of the data control circuit for a corresponding neural engine task or a corresponding planar engine task, and data dependency between the subset of the neural engine tasks and the planar engine tasks. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising configured to:
receiving, by a task manager circuit, a plurality of task descriptors, each of the task descriptors defining a configuration of the neural processor circuit to execute a corresponding neural engine task or a corresponding planar engine task, and extracting, by the task manager circuit, configuration data corresponding to the tasks descriptors, and sending the extracted configuration data from the task manager circuit to the data processor circuit for processing and storage. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
discarding a first portion of the configuration data for a finished neural engine task or a finished planar engine task from the task buffer, and storing a second portion of the configuration data for a new neural engine tasks or a new planar engine task responsive to discarding the first portion of the configuration data. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising controlling writing of the neural output data by the one or more neural engine circuits or writing of the planar output data by the one or more planar engine circuits into the data processor circuit. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the non-convolution operations comprise at least one of an operation to reduce a spatial size of the planar input data or an elementwise operation on the planar input data. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more neural engine tasks are performed in a first sequence as determined by a compiling process for a neural network, and the one or more planar engine tasks are performed in a second sequence as determined by the compiling process. 20. An electronic device, comprising:
one or more neural engine circuits configured to perform convolution operations on neural input data corresponding to one or more neural engine tasks to generate neural output data; one or more planar engine circuits configured to perform non-convolution operations on planar input data corresponding to one or more planar engine tasks to generate planar output data, the one or more engine circuits configured to perform the non-convolution operations in parallel with performing of the convolution operations by the one or more neural engines; and a data processor circuit coupled to the one or more neural engine circuits and the one or more planar engine circuits, the data processor circuit configured to address data dependency between the one or more neural engine tasks and the one or more planar engine tasks by controlling:
reading of the neural output data as the planar input data by the one or more planar engine circuits, or
reading of the planar output data as the neural input data by the one or more neural engine circuits. | 2,600 |
349,268 | 16,806,824 | 2,699 | A lock loss recapture method includes acquiring a signal transmission time range of a target satellite, determining a code phase search range based on the signal transmission time range, acquiring a carrier frequency search range of the target satellite, and tracking a signal of the target satellite in response to the code phase search range satisfying a first condition and the carrier frequency search range satisfying a second condition. | 1. A lock loss recapture method comprising:
acquiring a signal transmission time range of a target satellite; determining a code phase search range based on the signal transmission time range; acquiring a carrier frequency search range of the target satellite; and tracking a signal of the target satellite in response to the code phase search range satisfying a first condition and the carrier frequency search range satisfying a second condition. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein tracking the signal of the target satellite includes:
determining a current code phase based on a first rule and the code phase search range; determining a current carrier frequency based on a second rule and the carrier frequency search range; and tracking the signal of the target satellite based on the current code phase and the current carrier frequency. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising, after tracking the signal of the target satellite:
acquiring a predetermined code phase and a predetermined carrier frequency; determining that the signal of the target satellite is locked in response to, within a first time period, a code phase difference between the current code phase and the predetermined code phase being less than or equal to a first value, and a frequency difference between the current carrier frequency and the predetermined carrier frequency being less than or equal to a second value within a first time period; and determining whether a lock loss time exceeds a second time period in response to, within the first time period, the code phase difference being greater than the first value, or the frequency difference being greater than the second value. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein acquiring the signal transmission time range of the target satellite includes:
acquiring a signal transmission time of the target satellite; acquiring a parameter error range including an error range of a geometric distance between a receiver and the target satellite, an error range of an error parameter, and an error range of a current time; and determining the signal transmission time range based on the signal transmission time of the target satellite and the parameter error range. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein acquiring the signal transmission time of the target satellite includes:
acquiring a current time of the receiver; acquiring the geometric distance between the receiver and the target satellite; estimating a pseudo-distance based on the geometric distance and the error parameter; and determining the signal transmission time based on the pseudo-distance and the current time of the receiver. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein acquiring the geometric distance between the receiver and the target satellite includes:
acquiring receiver position information using one or more positioning devices including one or more of an inertial navigation, a visual sensor, or an ultrasound; acquiring satellite position information of the target satellite using a satellite ephemeris acquired by the receiver and the current time of the receiver; and acquiring the geometric distance based on the receiver position information and the satellite position information. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the code phase search range based on the signal transmission time range includes:
acquiring a code period of a target satellite carrier; acquiring a number of chips through the code period; and obtaining the code phase search range based on the code period, the number of the chips, and the signal transmission time range. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein acquiring the carrier frequency search range of the target satellite includes:
acquiring a carrier frequency of the target satellite; acquiring an error range of an error parameter; and determining the carrier frequency search range based on the carrier frequency and the error range of the error parameter. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein determining the carrier frequency of the target satellite includes:
acquiring the error parameter; and determining the carrier frequency of the target satellite based on the error parameter. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
capturing the signal of the target satellite using a capturing engine or a channel correlator in response to the carrier frequency search range not satisfying the first condition. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
determining whether the signal of the target satellite was successfully captured; tracking the signal of the target satellite in response to the signal of the target satellite being successfully captured; and determining whether a lock loss time exceeds the second time period in response to the signal of the target satellite not being successfully captured. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
determining whether the lock loss time exceeds the second time period, the lock loss time being a time period from when the receiver loses the signal of the target satellite to when the receiver again successfully tracks the signal of the target satellite; terminating the lock loss recapture in response to the lock loss time exceeding the second time period; and expanding at least one of the carrier frequency search range or the code phase search range in response to the lock loss time not exceeding the second time period. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising;
capturing the signal of the target satellite using a channel correlator in response to the carrier frequency search range satisfying the first condition and the code phase search range not satisfying the second condition. 14. A terminal comprising:
a memory storing a program; and a processor configured to execute the program to:
acquire a signal transmission time range of a target satellite;
determine a code phase search range based on the signal transmission time range;
acquire a carrier frequency search range of the target satellite; and
track a signal of the target satellite in response to the code phase search range satisfying a first condition and the carrier frequency search range satisfying a second condition. 15. The terminal of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the program to:
determine a current code phase based on a first rule and the code phase search range; determine a current carrier frequency based on a second rule and the carrier frequency search range; and track the signal of the target satellite based on the current code phase and the current carrier frequency. 16. The terminal of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the program to, after tracking the signal of the target satellite:
acquire a predetermined code phase and a predetermined carrier frequency; determine that the signal of the target satellite is locked in response to, within a first time period, a code phase difference between the current code phase and the predetermined code phase being less than or equal to a first value, and a frequency difference between the current carrier frequency and the predetermined carrier frequency being less than or equal to a second value within a first time period; and determine whether a lock loss time exceeds a second time period in response to, within the first time period, the code phase error being greater than the first value, or the frequency difference being greater than the second value. 17. The terminal of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the program to:
acquire a signal transmission time of the target satellite; acquire a parameter error range including an error range of a geometric distance between a receiver and the target satellite, an error range of an error parameter, and an error range of a current time; and determine the signal transmission time range based on the signal transmission time of the target satellite and the parameter error range. 18. The terminal of claim 17, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the program to:
acquire a current time of the receiver; acquire the geometric distance between the receiver and the target satellite; estimate a pseudo-distance based on the geometric distance and the error parameter; and determine the signal transmission time based on the pseudo-distance and the current time of the receiver. 19. The terminal of claim 18, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the program to:
acquire receiver position information using one or more positioning devices including one or more of an inertial navigation, a visual sensor, or an ultrasound; acquire satellite position information of the target satellite using a satellite ephemeris acquired by the receiver and the current time of the receiver; and acquire the geometric distance based on the receiver position information and the satellite position information. 20. A computer-readable recording medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a computer, causes the computer to:
acquire a signal transmission time range of a target satellite; determine a code phase search range based on the signal transmission time range; acquire a carrier frequency search range of the target satellite; and track a signal of the target satellite in response to the code phase search range satisfying a first condition and the carrier frequency search range satisfying a second condition. | A lock loss recapture method includes acquiring a signal transmission time range of a target satellite, determining a code phase search range based on the signal transmission time range, acquiring a carrier frequency search range of the target satellite, and tracking a signal of the target satellite in response to the code phase search range satisfying a first condition and the carrier frequency search range satisfying a second condition.1. A lock loss recapture method comprising:
acquiring a signal transmission time range of a target satellite; determining a code phase search range based on the signal transmission time range; acquiring a carrier frequency search range of the target satellite; and tracking a signal of the target satellite in response to the code phase search range satisfying a first condition and the carrier frequency search range satisfying a second condition. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein tracking the signal of the target satellite includes:
determining a current code phase based on a first rule and the code phase search range; determining a current carrier frequency based on a second rule and the carrier frequency search range; and tracking the signal of the target satellite based on the current code phase and the current carrier frequency. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising, after tracking the signal of the target satellite:
acquiring a predetermined code phase and a predetermined carrier frequency; determining that the signal of the target satellite is locked in response to, within a first time period, a code phase difference between the current code phase and the predetermined code phase being less than or equal to a first value, and a frequency difference between the current carrier frequency and the predetermined carrier frequency being less than or equal to a second value within a first time period; and determining whether a lock loss time exceeds a second time period in response to, within the first time period, the code phase difference being greater than the first value, or the frequency difference being greater than the second value. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein acquiring the signal transmission time range of the target satellite includes:
acquiring a signal transmission time of the target satellite; acquiring a parameter error range including an error range of a geometric distance between a receiver and the target satellite, an error range of an error parameter, and an error range of a current time; and determining the signal transmission time range based on the signal transmission time of the target satellite and the parameter error range. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein acquiring the signal transmission time of the target satellite includes:
acquiring a current time of the receiver; acquiring the geometric distance between the receiver and the target satellite; estimating a pseudo-distance based on the geometric distance and the error parameter; and determining the signal transmission time based on the pseudo-distance and the current time of the receiver. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein acquiring the geometric distance between the receiver and the target satellite includes:
acquiring receiver position information using one or more positioning devices including one or more of an inertial navigation, a visual sensor, or an ultrasound; acquiring satellite position information of the target satellite using a satellite ephemeris acquired by the receiver and the current time of the receiver; and acquiring the geometric distance based on the receiver position information and the satellite position information. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the code phase search range based on the signal transmission time range includes:
acquiring a code period of a target satellite carrier; acquiring a number of chips through the code period; and obtaining the code phase search range based on the code period, the number of the chips, and the signal transmission time range. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein acquiring the carrier frequency search range of the target satellite includes:
acquiring a carrier frequency of the target satellite; acquiring an error range of an error parameter; and determining the carrier frequency search range based on the carrier frequency and the error range of the error parameter. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein determining the carrier frequency of the target satellite includes:
acquiring the error parameter; and determining the carrier frequency of the target satellite based on the error parameter. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
capturing the signal of the target satellite using a capturing engine or a channel correlator in response to the carrier frequency search range not satisfying the first condition. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
determining whether the signal of the target satellite was successfully captured; tracking the signal of the target satellite in response to the signal of the target satellite being successfully captured; and determining whether a lock loss time exceeds the second time period in response to the signal of the target satellite not being successfully captured. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
determining whether the lock loss time exceeds the second time period, the lock loss time being a time period from when the receiver loses the signal of the target satellite to when the receiver again successfully tracks the signal of the target satellite; terminating the lock loss recapture in response to the lock loss time exceeding the second time period; and expanding at least one of the carrier frequency search range or the code phase search range in response to the lock loss time not exceeding the second time period. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising;
capturing the signal of the target satellite using a channel correlator in response to the carrier frequency search range satisfying the first condition and the code phase search range not satisfying the second condition. 14. A terminal comprising:
a memory storing a program; and a processor configured to execute the program to:
acquire a signal transmission time range of a target satellite;
determine a code phase search range based on the signal transmission time range;
acquire a carrier frequency search range of the target satellite; and
track a signal of the target satellite in response to the code phase search range satisfying a first condition and the carrier frequency search range satisfying a second condition. 15. The terminal of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the program to:
determine a current code phase based on a first rule and the code phase search range; determine a current carrier frequency based on a second rule and the carrier frequency search range; and track the signal of the target satellite based on the current code phase and the current carrier frequency. 16. The terminal of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the program to, after tracking the signal of the target satellite:
acquire a predetermined code phase and a predetermined carrier frequency; determine that the signal of the target satellite is locked in response to, within a first time period, a code phase difference between the current code phase and the predetermined code phase being less than or equal to a first value, and a frequency difference between the current carrier frequency and the predetermined carrier frequency being less than or equal to a second value within a first time period; and determine whether a lock loss time exceeds a second time period in response to, within the first time period, the code phase error being greater than the first value, or the frequency difference being greater than the second value. 17. The terminal of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the program to:
acquire a signal transmission time of the target satellite; acquire a parameter error range including an error range of a geometric distance between a receiver and the target satellite, an error range of an error parameter, and an error range of a current time; and determine the signal transmission time range based on the signal transmission time of the target satellite and the parameter error range. 18. The terminal of claim 17, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the program to:
acquire a current time of the receiver; acquire the geometric distance between the receiver and the target satellite; estimate a pseudo-distance based on the geometric distance and the error parameter; and determine the signal transmission time based on the pseudo-distance and the current time of the receiver. 19. The terminal of claim 18, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the program to:
acquire receiver position information using one or more positioning devices including one or more of an inertial navigation, a visual sensor, or an ultrasound; acquire satellite position information of the target satellite using a satellite ephemeris acquired by the receiver and the current time of the receiver; and acquire the geometric distance based on the receiver position information and the satellite position information. 20. A computer-readable recording medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a computer, causes the computer to:
acquire a signal transmission time range of a target satellite; determine a code phase search range based on the signal transmission time range; acquire a carrier frequency search range of the target satellite; and track a signal of the target satellite in response to the code phase search range satisfying a first condition and the carrier frequency search range satisfying a second condition. | 2,600 |
349,269 | 16,806,813 | 2,699 | A novel light source for a 3D display system includes a plurality of left eye light emitters and a plurality of right eye light emitters. The left eye emitters include a broad spectral distribution emitter and an overlapping narrow spectral distribution emitter in each of the blue, green, and red color bands. Similarly, the right eye emitters include a broad spectral distribution emitter and an overlapping narrow spectral distribution emitter in each of the blue, green, and red color bands. The combined spectral distributions of each of the broad and narrow emitters provide a primary light for each color and for each eye that has a desirable spectral shape, including wide bandwidth and short tail(s). The invention thus minimizes cross-talk and speckling in left- and right-eye images of 3D display systems. | 1. A light source for a 3D display system, said light source comprising:
a first emitter operative to emit light having a first spectral distribution within a first color range, said first spectral distribution having a peak and a tail; a second emitter operative to emit light having a second spectral distribution within said first color range, said second spectral distribution being spaced apart from said first spectral distribution and having a peak and a tail; a third emitter operative to emit light having a third spectral distribution within said first color range, said third spectral distribution overlapping a portion of said first spectral distribution, being spaced apart from said second spectral distribution, having a peak between said peaks of said first spectral distribution and said second spectral distribution, and having a tail that declines more rapidly than said tail of said first spectral distribution; a fourth emitter operative to emit light having a fourth spectral distribution within said first color range, said fourth spectral distribution overlapping a portion of said second spectral distribution, being spaced apart from said third spectral distribution, having a peak between said peaks of said second spectral distribution and said third spectral distribution, and having a tail that declines more rapidly than said tail of said second spectral distribution; a fifth emitter operative to emit light having a fifth spectral distribution within a second color range, said fifth spectral distribution having a peak and a tail; a sixth emitter operative to emit light having a sixth spectral distribution within said second color range, said sixth spectral distribution being spaced apart from said fifth spectral distribution and having a peak and a tail; a seventh emitter operative to emit light having a seventh spectral distribution within said second color range, said seventh spectral distribution overlapping a portion of said fifth spectral distribution, being spaced apart from said sixth spectral distribution, having a peak between said peaks of said fifth spectral distribution and said sixth spectral distribution, and having a tail that declines more rapidly than said tail of said fifth spectral distribution; an eighth emitter operative to emit light having an eighth spectral distribution within said second color range, said eighth spectral distribution overlapping a portion of said sixth spectral distribution, being spaced apart from said seventh spectral distribution, having a peak between said peaks of said sixth spectral distribution and said seventh spectral distribution, and having a tail that declines more rapidly than said tail of said sixth spectral distribution; a ninth emitter operative to emit light having a ninth spectral distribution within a third color range, said ninth spectral distribution having a peak and a tail; a tenth emitter operative to emit light having a tenth spectral distribution within said third color range, said tenth spectral distribution being spaced apart from said ninth spectral distribution and having a peak and a tail; and an eleventh emitter operative to emit light having an eleventh spectral distribution within said third color range, said eleventh spectral distribution overlapping a portion of said ninth spectral distribution, being spaced apart from said tenth spectral distribution, having a peak between said peaks of said ninth spectral distribution and said tenth spectral distribution, and having a tail that declines more rapidly than said tail of said ninth spectral distribution; wherein a FWHM of first spectral distribution is greater than or equal to 4 nanometers; and wherein a FWHM of third spectral distribution is less than or equal to 2 nanometers. 2. The light source of claim 1, further comprising:
a twelfth emitter operative to emit light having a twelfth spectral distribution within said third color range, said twelfth spectral distribution overlapping a portion of said tenth spectral distribution, being spaced apart from said eleventh spectral distribution, having a peak between said peaks of said tenth spectral distribution and said eleventh spectral distribution, and having a tail that declines more rapidly than said tail of said tenth spectral distribution. 3. The light source of claim 2, wherein:
said first color range is within a red portion of the visible spectrum; said second color range is within a green portion of the visible spectrum; and said third color range is within a blue portion of the visible spectrum. 4. A method of manufacturing a light source for a 3D display system, said method comprising:
providing a first emitter operative to emit light having a first spectral distribution within a first color range, said first spectral distribution having a central wavelength and a particular full width at half maximum (FWHM); providing a second emitter operative to emit light having a second spectral distribution within said first color range, said second spectral distribution being spaced apart from said first spectral distribution; providing a third emitter operative to emit light having a third spectral distribution within said first color range, said third spectral distribution overlapping a portion of said first spectral distribution, being spaced apart from said second spectral distribution, having a central wavelength between said central wavelengths of said first spectral distribution and said second spectral distribution, and having a particular FWHM that is smaller than the FWHM of said first spectral distribution; providing a fourth emitter operative to emit light having a fourth spectral distribution within said first color range, said fourth spectral distribution overlapping a portion of said second spectral distribution, being spaced apart from said third spectral distribution, having a central wavelength between said central wavelengths of said second spectral distribution and said third spectral distribution, and having a particular FWHM that is smaller than a FWHM of said second spectral distribution; and assembling said light source to include said first emitter, said second emitter, said third emitter, and said fourth emitter; wherein said FWHM of first spectral distribution is greater than or equal to 4 nanometers; and wherein said FWHM of third spectral distribution is less than or equal to 2 nanometers. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein said step of assembling said light source includes:
combining said first emitter and said third emitter into a module adapted to provide light to a first projector; and combining said second emitter and said fourth emitter into a module adapted to provide light to a second projector. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
providing a fifth emitter operative to emit light having a fifth spectral distribution within a second color range, said fifth spectral distribution having a central wavelength and a particular full width at half maximum (FWHM); providing a sixth emitter operative to emit light having a sixth spectral distribution within said second color range, said sixth spectral distribution being spaced apart from said fifth spectral distribution; and providing a seventh emitter operative to emit light having a seventh spectral distribution within said second color range, said seventh spectral distribution overlapping a portion of said fifth spectral distribution, being spaced apart from said sixth spectral distribution, having a central wavelength between said central wavelengths of said fifth spectral distribution and said sixth spectral distribution, and having a particular FWHM that is smaller than the FWHM of said fifth spectral distribution; providing an eighth emitter operative to emit light having an eighth spectral distribution within said second color range, said eighth spectral distribution overlapping a portion of said sixth spectral distribution, being spaced apart from said seventh spectral distribution, having a central wavelength between said central wavelengths of said sixth spectral distribution and said seventh spectral distribution, and having a particular FWHM that is smaller than a FWHM of said sixth spectral distribution; and wherein said step of assembling said light source includes assembling said light source to include said fifth emitter, said sixth emitter, said seventh emitter, and said eighth emitter. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein said step of assembling said light source includes:
combining said first emitter, said third emitter, said fifth emitter, and said seventh emitter into a module adapted to provide light to a first projector; and combining said second emitter, said fourth emitter, said sixth emitter, and said eighth emitter into a module adapted to provide light to a second projector. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein:
said first color range is within a red portion of the visible spectrum; and said second color range is within a green portion of the visible spectrum. 9. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
providing a ninth emitter operative to emit light having a ninth spectral distribution within a third color range, said ninth spectral distribution having a central wavelength and a particular full width at half maximum (FWHM); providing a tenth emitter operative to emit light having a tenth spectral distribution within said third color range, said tenth spectral distribution being spaced apart from said ninth spectral distribution; and providing an eleventh emitter operative to emit light having an eleventh spectral distribution within said third color range, said eleventh spectral distribution overlapping a portion of said ninth spectral distribution, being spaced apart from said tenth spectral distribution, having a central wavelength between said central wavelengths of said ninth spectral distribution and said tenth spectral distribution, and having a particular FWHM that is smaller than the FWHM of said ninth spectral distribution; providing a twelfth emitter operative to emit light having a twelfth spectral distribution within said third color range, said twelfth spectral distribution overlapping a portion of said tenth spectral distribution, being spaced apart from said eleventh spectral distribution, having a central wavelength between said central wavelengths of said tenth spectral distribution and said eleventh spectral distribution, and having a particular FWHM that is smaller than a FWHM of said tenth spectral distribution; and wherein said step of assembling said light source includes assembling said light source to include said ninth emitter, said tenth emitter, said eleventh emitter, and said twelfth emitter. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein said step of assembling said light source includes:
combining said first emitter, said third emitter, said fifth emitter, said seventh emitter, said ninth emitter, and said eleventh emitter into a module adapted to provide light to a first projector; and combining said second emitter, said fourth emitter, said sixth emitter, said eighth emitter, said tenth emitter, and said twelfth emitter into a module adapted to provide light to a second projector. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein:
said first color range is within a red portion of the visible spectrum; said second color range is within a green portion of the visible spectrum; and said third color range is within a blue portion of the visible spectrum. | A novel light source for a 3D display system includes a plurality of left eye light emitters and a plurality of right eye light emitters. The left eye emitters include a broad spectral distribution emitter and an overlapping narrow spectral distribution emitter in each of the blue, green, and red color bands. Similarly, the right eye emitters include a broad spectral distribution emitter and an overlapping narrow spectral distribution emitter in each of the blue, green, and red color bands. The combined spectral distributions of each of the broad and narrow emitters provide a primary light for each color and for each eye that has a desirable spectral shape, including wide bandwidth and short tail(s). The invention thus minimizes cross-talk and speckling in left- and right-eye images of 3D display systems.1. A light source for a 3D display system, said light source comprising:
a first emitter operative to emit light having a first spectral distribution within a first color range, said first spectral distribution having a peak and a tail; a second emitter operative to emit light having a second spectral distribution within said first color range, said second spectral distribution being spaced apart from said first spectral distribution and having a peak and a tail; a third emitter operative to emit light having a third spectral distribution within said first color range, said third spectral distribution overlapping a portion of said first spectral distribution, being spaced apart from said second spectral distribution, having a peak between said peaks of said first spectral distribution and said second spectral distribution, and having a tail that declines more rapidly than said tail of said first spectral distribution; a fourth emitter operative to emit light having a fourth spectral distribution within said first color range, said fourth spectral distribution overlapping a portion of said second spectral distribution, being spaced apart from said third spectral distribution, having a peak between said peaks of said second spectral distribution and said third spectral distribution, and having a tail that declines more rapidly than said tail of said second spectral distribution; a fifth emitter operative to emit light having a fifth spectral distribution within a second color range, said fifth spectral distribution having a peak and a tail; a sixth emitter operative to emit light having a sixth spectral distribution within said second color range, said sixth spectral distribution being spaced apart from said fifth spectral distribution and having a peak and a tail; a seventh emitter operative to emit light having a seventh spectral distribution within said second color range, said seventh spectral distribution overlapping a portion of said fifth spectral distribution, being spaced apart from said sixth spectral distribution, having a peak between said peaks of said fifth spectral distribution and said sixth spectral distribution, and having a tail that declines more rapidly than said tail of said fifth spectral distribution; an eighth emitter operative to emit light having an eighth spectral distribution within said second color range, said eighth spectral distribution overlapping a portion of said sixth spectral distribution, being spaced apart from said seventh spectral distribution, having a peak between said peaks of said sixth spectral distribution and said seventh spectral distribution, and having a tail that declines more rapidly than said tail of said sixth spectral distribution; a ninth emitter operative to emit light having a ninth spectral distribution within a third color range, said ninth spectral distribution having a peak and a tail; a tenth emitter operative to emit light having a tenth spectral distribution within said third color range, said tenth spectral distribution being spaced apart from said ninth spectral distribution and having a peak and a tail; and an eleventh emitter operative to emit light having an eleventh spectral distribution within said third color range, said eleventh spectral distribution overlapping a portion of said ninth spectral distribution, being spaced apart from said tenth spectral distribution, having a peak between said peaks of said ninth spectral distribution and said tenth spectral distribution, and having a tail that declines more rapidly than said tail of said ninth spectral distribution; wherein a FWHM of first spectral distribution is greater than or equal to 4 nanometers; and wherein a FWHM of third spectral distribution is less than or equal to 2 nanometers. 2. The light source of claim 1, further comprising:
a twelfth emitter operative to emit light having a twelfth spectral distribution within said third color range, said twelfth spectral distribution overlapping a portion of said tenth spectral distribution, being spaced apart from said eleventh spectral distribution, having a peak between said peaks of said tenth spectral distribution and said eleventh spectral distribution, and having a tail that declines more rapidly than said tail of said tenth spectral distribution. 3. The light source of claim 2, wherein:
said first color range is within a red portion of the visible spectrum; said second color range is within a green portion of the visible spectrum; and said third color range is within a blue portion of the visible spectrum. 4. A method of manufacturing a light source for a 3D display system, said method comprising:
providing a first emitter operative to emit light having a first spectral distribution within a first color range, said first spectral distribution having a central wavelength and a particular full width at half maximum (FWHM); providing a second emitter operative to emit light having a second spectral distribution within said first color range, said second spectral distribution being spaced apart from said first spectral distribution; providing a third emitter operative to emit light having a third spectral distribution within said first color range, said third spectral distribution overlapping a portion of said first spectral distribution, being spaced apart from said second spectral distribution, having a central wavelength between said central wavelengths of said first spectral distribution and said second spectral distribution, and having a particular FWHM that is smaller than the FWHM of said first spectral distribution; providing a fourth emitter operative to emit light having a fourth spectral distribution within said first color range, said fourth spectral distribution overlapping a portion of said second spectral distribution, being spaced apart from said third spectral distribution, having a central wavelength between said central wavelengths of said second spectral distribution and said third spectral distribution, and having a particular FWHM that is smaller than a FWHM of said second spectral distribution; and assembling said light source to include said first emitter, said second emitter, said third emitter, and said fourth emitter; wherein said FWHM of first spectral distribution is greater than or equal to 4 nanometers; and wherein said FWHM of third spectral distribution is less than or equal to 2 nanometers. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein said step of assembling said light source includes:
combining said first emitter and said third emitter into a module adapted to provide light to a first projector; and combining said second emitter and said fourth emitter into a module adapted to provide light to a second projector. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
providing a fifth emitter operative to emit light having a fifth spectral distribution within a second color range, said fifth spectral distribution having a central wavelength and a particular full width at half maximum (FWHM); providing a sixth emitter operative to emit light having a sixth spectral distribution within said second color range, said sixth spectral distribution being spaced apart from said fifth spectral distribution; and providing a seventh emitter operative to emit light having a seventh spectral distribution within said second color range, said seventh spectral distribution overlapping a portion of said fifth spectral distribution, being spaced apart from said sixth spectral distribution, having a central wavelength between said central wavelengths of said fifth spectral distribution and said sixth spectral distribution, and having a particular FWHM that is smaller than the FWHM of said fifth spectral distribution; providing an eighth emitter operative to emit light having an eighth spectral distribution within said second color range, said eighth spectral distribution overlapping a portion of said sixth spectral distribution, being spaced apart from said seventh spectral distribution, having a central wavelength between said central wavelengths of said sixth spectral distribution and said seventh spectral distribution, and having a particular FWHM that is smaller than a FWHM of said sixth spectral distribution; and wherein said step of assembling said light source includes assembling said light source to include said fifth emitter, said sixth emitter, said seventh emitter, and said eighth emitter. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein said step of assembling said light source includes:
combining said first emitter, said third emitter, said fifth emitter, and said seventh emitter into a module adapted to provide light to a first projector; and combining said second emitter, said fourth emitter, said sixth emitter, and said eighth emitter into a module adapted to provide light to a second projector. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein:
said first color range is within a red portion of the visible spectrum; and said second color range is within a green portion of the visible spectrum. 9. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
providing a ninth emitter operative to emit light having a ninth spectral distribution within a third color range, said ninth spectral distribution having a central wavelength and a particular full width at half maximum (FWHM); providing a tenth emitter operative to emit light having a tenth spectral distribution within said third color range, said tenth spectral distribution being spaced apart from said ninth spectral distribution; and providing an eleventh emitter operative to emit light having an eleventh spectral distribution within said third color range, said eleventh spectral distribution overlapping a portion of said ninth spectral distribution, being spaced apart from said tenth spectral distribution, having a central wavelength between said central wavelengths of said ninth spectral distribution and said tenth spectral distribution, and having a particular FWHM that is smaller than the FWHM of said ninth spectral distribution; providing a twelfth emitter operative to emit light having a twelfth spectral distribution within said third color range, said twelfth spectral distribution overlapping a portion of said tenth spectral distribution, being spaced apart from said eleventh spectral distribution, having a central wavelength between said central wavelengths of said tenth spectral distribution and said eleventh spectral distribution, and having a particular FWHM that is smaller than a FWHM of said tenth spectral distribution; and wherein said step of assembling said light source includes assembling said light source to include said ninth emitter, said tenth emitter, said eleventh emitter, and said twelfth emitter. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein said step of assembling said light source includes:
combining said first emitter, said third emitter, said fifth emitter, said seventh emitter, said ninth emitter, and said eleventh emitter into a module adapted to provide light to a first projector; and combining said second emitter, said fourth emitter, said sixth emitter, said eighth emitter, said tenth emitter, and said twelfth emitter into a module adapted to provide light to a second projector. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein:
said first color range is within a red portion of the visible spectrum; said second color range is within a green portion of the visible spectrum; and said third color range is within a blue portion of the visible spectrum. | 2,600 |
349,270 | 16,806,807 | 2,699 | A system for controlling airflow in a plenum, that comprises a worm gear and planetary gear that are removably coupled to a worm shaft and planetary shaft, respectively. The planetary shaft controls the movement of a damper between an open position permitting maximum airflow through the plenum, and a closed position restricting airflow through the plenum. A motor or gear-motor is positioned at the plenum for driving the worm shaft. The motor is controlled by a remotely located controller that includes a power supply for operating the motor and that has a display providing a continuous indication of the position of the damper between the open and closed positions. The controller is connected to the motor through a cable with a detachable electrical connection between the cable and the controller, such as a jack and plug. A wall plate for housing the electrical connection is mounted on a wall or other structure. The wall plate has a first plate for housing the jack and a second plate with a flexible flange for removably securing the jack in the housing by snap fit insertion. | 1. A system for controlling airflow through a plenum, comprising:
a damper within the plenum, the damper having a first position permitting maximum airflow and a second position restricting airflow through the plenum; a motor positioned at the plenum for moving the damper between the first and second positions; and a handheld controller removably coupled to the motor at a remote location, the handheld controller including:
a power supply for providing a current to power the motor;
a display;
a microprocessor for controlling the display and the current provided by the power supply; and
a switch for sending a signal to the microprocessor;
wherein the microprocessor provides a current from the power supply to the motor in response to a signal from the switch, and directs the display to provide an indication of the position of the damper relative to the first and second positions. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the handheld controller is removably coupled to the motor by an electrical connector comprising a plug and a jack for receiving the plug, the jack having a body; and
the system further comprising a wall plate for mounting the electrical connector remotely from the motor, comprising first and second plates, wherein the body of the jack is secured between the first and second plates, the first plate having a housing sized and shaped to receive the body of the jack and the second plate having a well that is sized and shaped to receive the housing; and wherein the jack is removably secured in the wall plate by fitting the housing in the well. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the damper is a rotary damper comprising a plurality of blades that rotate relative to each other about a common axis, the rotation of the blades defining a blade rotation plane, and at least one blade having an edge with a flange projecting orthogonal to the blade rotation plane, the flange forming a stop for restricting the overrotation of the blades beyond the first or second position. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the display comprises a plurality of LEDs that provide a continuous indication of the position of the damper relative to the first and/or second positions. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the plurality of LEDs further provide an indication of the direction of rotation of the damper. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the damper is a rotary damper, and wherein the motor rotates the damper at a constant speed and the microprocessor determines the position of the damper based on the time of rotation from the first or second position. 7. A system of claim 6, wherein the damper further comprises:
a drive shaft; a worm gear coupled to the drive shaft; a planetary gear in rotational engagement with the worm gear, the planetary gear and the worm gear having a gear ratio; a planetary shaft coupled to the planetary gear, the planetary shaft controlling the rotation of the damper between the first and second positions; the motor coupled to and configured to rotate the drive shaft at a constant speed; and wherein the microprocessor determines the position of the damper based on the gear ration and time of rotation from the first or second position. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the display comprises a plurality of LEDs that provide a continuous indication of the position of the damper relative to the first and/or second positions. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the plurality of LEDs further provide an indication of the direction of rotation of the damper. | A system for controlling airflow in a plenum, that comprises a worm gear and planetary gear that are removably coupled to a worm shaft and planetary shaft, respectively. The planetary shaft controls the movement of a damper between an open position permitting maximum airflow through the plenum, and a closed position restricting airflow through the plenum. A motor or gear-motor is positioned at the plenum for driving the worm shaft. The motor is controlled by a remotely located controller that includes a power supply for operating the motor and that has a display providing a continuous indication of the position of the damper between the open and closed positions. The controller is connected to the motor through a cable with a detachable electrical connection between the cable and the controller, such as a jack and plug. A wall plate for housing the electrical connection is mounted on a wall or other structure. The wall plate has a first plate for housing the jack and a second plate with a flexible flange for removably securing the jack in the housing by snap fit insertion.1. A system for controlling airflow through a plenum, comprising:
a damper within the plenum, the damper having a first position permitting maximum airflow and a second position restricting airflow through the plenum; a motor positioned at the plenum for moving the damper between the first and second positions; and a handheld controller removably coupled to the motor at a remote location, the handheld controller including:
a power supply for providing a current to power the motor;
a display;
a microprocessor for controlling the display and the current provided by the power supply; and
a switch for sending a signal to the microprocessor;
wherein the microprocessor provides a current from the power supply to the motor in response to a signal from the switch, and directs the display to provide an indication of the position of the damper relative to the first and second positions. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the handheld controller is removably coupled to the motor by an electrical connector comprising a plug and a jack for receiving the plug, the jack having a body; and
the system further comprising a wall plate for mounting the electrical connector remotely from the motor, comprising first and second plates, wherein the body of the jack is secured between the first and second plates, the first plate having a housing sized and shaped to receive the body of the jack and the second plate having a well that is sized and shaped to receive the housing; and wherein the jack is removably secured in the wall plate by fitting the housing in the well. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the damper is a rotary damper comprising a plurality of blades that rotate relative to each other about a common axis, the rotation of the blades defining a blade rotation plane, and at least one blade having an edge with a flange projecting orthogonal to the blade rotation plane, the flange forming a stop for restricting the overrotation of the blades beyond the first or second position. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the display comprises a plurality of LEDs that provide a continuous indication of the position of the damper relative to the first and/or second positions. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the plurality of LEDs further provide an indication of the direction of rotation of the damper. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the damper is a rotary damper, and wherein the motor rotates the damper at a constant speed and the microprocessor determines the position of the damper based on the time of rotation from the first or second position. 7. A system of claim 6, wherein the damper further comprises:
a drive shaft; a worm gear coupled to the drive shaft; a planetary gear in rotational engagement with the worm gear, the planetary gear and the worm gear having a gear ratio; a planetary shaft coupled to the planetary gear, the planetary shaft controlling the rotation of the damper between the first and second positions; the motor coupled to and configured to rotate the drive shaft at a constant speed; and wherein the microprocessor determines the position of the damper based on the gear ration and time of rotation from the first or second position. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the display comprises a plurality of LEDs that provide a continuous indication of the position of the damper relative to the first and/or second positions. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the plurality of LEDs further provide an indication of the direction of rotation of the damper. | 2,600 |
349,271 | 16,806,826 | 2,699 | A processing device in a memory system reads a sense word from a memory device and executes a plurality of parity check equations on corresponding subsets of the sense word to determine a plurality of parity check equation results. The processing device determines a syndrome for the sense word using the plurality of parity check equation results, determines whether the syndrome for the sense word satisfies a codeword criterion, and responsive to the syndrome for the sense word not satisfying the codeword criterion, performs an iterative low density parity check (LDPC) correction process, wherein at least one criterion of the iterative LDPC correction process is adjusted after a threshold number of iterations is performed. | 1. A system comprising:
a memory device; and a processing device, operatively coupled with the memory device, to perform operations comprising:
reading a sense word from the memory device;
executing a plurality of parity check equations on corresponding subsets of the sense word to determine a plurality of parity check equation results;
determining a syndrome for the sense word using the plurality of parity check equation results;
determining whether the syndrome for the sense word satisfies a codeword criterion; and
responsive to the syndrome for the sense word not satisfying the codeword criterion, performing an iterative low density parity check (LDPC) correction process, wherein at least one criterion of the iterative LDPC correction process is adjusted after a threshold number of iterations is performed. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein performing the iterative LDPC correction process comprises:
determining an energy level associated with each bit of the sense word; determining a maximum energy level associated with any one bit of the sense word; determining whether a current iteration of the LDPC correction process is the first iteration; and responsive to the current iteration being the first iteration, flipping any bits in the sense word having an energy level that satisfies an energy threshold condition. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein performing the iterative LDPC correction process further comprises:
responsive to the current iteration not being the first iteration, determining whether the current iteration is one of the threshold number of iterations; and responsive to the current iteration being one of the threshold number of iterations, flipping any bits in the sense word having an associated energy level greater than or equal to one less than the maximum energy level associated with any one bit of the sense word from a previous iteration. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the energy level associated with a given bit of the sense word represents a number of parity check equation results that are in an unsatisfied state for the bit plus the XOR of a current value of the bit with an original value of the bit. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein performing the iterative LDPC correction process further comprises:
responsive to the current iteration not being one of the threshold number of iterations, flipping any bits in the sense word having an associated energy level that is greater than or equal to the maximum energy level associated with any one bit of the sense word from the previous iteration. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device to perform further operations comprising:
receiving, from a requestor, a request to read data from the memory device, wherein the sense word is associated with the data; and responsive to the syndrome for the sense word satisfying the codeword criterion, returning the sense word to the requestor as the requested data. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of parity check equations corresponds to a different subset of the sense word, and wherein each of the plurality of parity check equation results indicates whether a number of bits set to a value of β1β in a corresponding subset of the sense word is even or odd, wherein determining the syndrome for the sense word comprises logically combining the plurality of parity check equation results, and wherein determining whether the syndrome for the sense word satisfies the codeword criterion comprises determining whether all the plurality of parity check equation results in the syndrome are in a satisfied state. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device to perform further operations comprising:
determining whether a number of iterations performed in the iterative LDPC correction process satisfies an iteration criterion; in response to the number of iterations performed satisfying the iteration criterion, continuing the LDPC correction process; and in response to the number of iterations performed not satisfying the iteration criterion, ending the LDPC correction process. 9. A method comprising:
reading a sense word; executing a plurality of parity check equations on corresponding subsets of the sense word to determine a plurality of parity check equation results; determining a syndrome for the sense word using the plurality of parity check equation results; determining whether the syndrome for the sense word satisfies a codeword criterion; and responsive to the syndrome for the sense word not satisfying the codeword criterion, performing an iterative low density parity check (LDPC) correction process, wherein at least one criterion of the iterative LDPC correction process is adjusted after a threshold number of iterations is performed. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein performing the iterative LDPC correction process comprises:
determining an energy level associated with each bit of the sense word; determining a maximum energy level associated with any one bit of the sense word; determining whether a current iteration of the LDPC correction process is the first iteration; and responsive to the current iteration being the first iteration, flipping any bits in the sense word having an energy level that satisfies an energy threshold condition. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein performing the iterative LDPC correction process further comprises:
responsive to the current iteration not being the first iteration, determining whether the current iteration is one of the threshold number of iterations; and responsive to the current iteration being one of the threshold number of iterations, flipping any bits in the sense word having an associated energy level greater than or equal to one less than the maximum energy level associated with any one bit of the sense word from a previous iteration. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the energy level associated with a given bit of the sense word represents a number of parity check equation results that are in an unsatisfied state for the bit plus the XOR of a current value of the bit with an original value of the bit. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein performing the iterative LDPC correction process further comprises:
responsive to the current iteration not being one of the threshold number of iterations, flipping any bits in the sense word having an associated energy level that is greater than or equal to the maximum energy level associated with any one bit of the sense word from the previous iteration. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving, from a requestor, a request to read data, wherein the sense word is associated with the data; and responsive to the syndrome for the sense word satisfying the codeword criterion, returning the sense word to the requestor as the requested data. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein each of the plurality of parity check equations corresponds to a different subset of the sense word, and wherein each of the plurality of parity check equation results indicates whether a number of bits set to a value of β1β in a corresponding subset of the sense word is even or odd, wherein determining the syndrome for the sense word comprises logically combining the plurality of parity check equation results, and wherein determining whether the syndrome for the sense word satisfies the codeword criterion comprises determining whether all the plurality of parity check equation results in the syndrome are in a satisfied state. 16. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
determining whether a number of iterations performed in the iterative LDPC correction process satisfies an iteration criterion; in response to the number of iterations performed satisfying the iteration criterion, continuing the LDPC correction process; and in response to the number of iterations performed not satisfying the iteration criterion, ending the LDPC correction process. 17. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processing device, cause the processing device to perform operations comprising:
reading a sense word from a memory device; executing a plurality of parity check equations on corresponding subsets of the sense word to determine a plurality of parity check equation results; determining whether the plurality of parity check equation results indicates an error in the sense word; and responsive to the parity check equation results indicating an error in the sense word:
performing a first iteration of an error correction process;
performing a threshold number of iterations of the error correction process wherein the threshold number of iterations comprise flipping any bits in the sense word having a number of parity check equation results that are in an unsatisfied state greater than or equal to one less than a maximum number of parity check equation results that are in the unsatisfied state for any one bit of the sense word from a previous iteration; and
performing one or more subsequent iterations of the error correction process after the threshold number of iterations, wherein the one or more subsequent iterations comprise flipping any bits in the sense word having a number of parity check equation results that are in an unsatisfied state equal to a maximum number of parity check equation results that are in the unsatisfied state for any one bit of the sense word from the previous iteration. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein each of the plurality of parity check equations corresponds to a different subset of the sense word, and wherein each of the plurality of parity check equation results indicates whether a number of bits set to a value of β1β in a corresponding subset of the sense word is even or odd. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein determining whether the plurality of parity check equation results indicates an error in the sense word comprises determining whether all of the plurality of parity check equation results are in a satisfied state. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein performing the first iteration of the error correction process comprises:
determining a number of parity check equation results that are in an unsatisfied state for each bit of the sense word; determining a maximum number of parity check equation results that are in the unsatisfied state for any one bit of the sense word; and flipping any bit in the sense word having number of parity check equation results that are in the unsatisfied state that satisfies an energy threshold condition. | A processing device in a memory system reads a sense word from a memory device and executes a plurality of parity check equations on corresponding subsets of the sense word to determine a plurality of parity check equation results. The processing device determines a syndrome for the sense word using the plurality of parity check equation results, determines whether the syndrome for the sense word satisfies a codeword criterion, and responsive to the syndrome for the sense word not satisfying the codeword criterion, performs an iterative low density parity check (LDPC) correction process, wherein at least one criterion of the iterative LDPC correction process is adjusted after a threshold number of iterations is performed.1. A system comprising:
a memory device; and a processing device, operatively coupled with the memory device, to perform operations comprising:
reading a sense word from the memory device;
executing a plurality of parity check equations on corresponding subsets of the sense word to determine a plurality of parity check equation results;
determining a syndrome for the sense word using the plurality of parity check equation results;
determining whether the syndrome for the sense word satisfies a codeword criterion; and
responsive to the syndrome for the sense word not satisfying the codeword criterion, performing an iterative low density parity check (LDPC) correction process, wherein at least one criterion of the iterative LDPC correction process is adjusted after a threshold number of iterations is performed. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein performing the iterative LDPC correction process comprises:
determining an energy level associated with each bit of the sense word; determining a maximum energy level associated with any one bit of the sense word; determining whether a current iteration of the LDPC correction process is the first iteration; and responsive to the current iteration being the first iteration, flipping any bits in the sense word having an energy level that satisfies an energy threshold condition. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein performing the iterative LDPC correction process further comprises:
responsive to the current iteration not being the first iteration, determining whether the current iteration is one of the threshold number of iterations; and responsive to the current iteration being one of the threshold number of iterations, flipping any bits in the sense word having an associated energy level greater than or equal to one less than the maximum energy level associated with any one bit of the sense word from a previous iteration. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the energy level associated with a given bit of the sense word represents a number of parity check equation results that are in an unsatisfied state for the bit plus the XOR of a current value of the bit with an original value of the bit. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein performing the iterative LDPC correction process further comprises:
responsive to the current iteration not being one of the threshold number of iterations, flipping any bits in the sense word having an associated energy level that is greater than or equal to the maximum energy level associated with any one bit of the sense word from the previous iteration. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device to perform further operations comprising:
receiving, from a requestor, a request to read data from the memory device, wherein the sense word is associated with the data; and responsive to the syndrome for the sense word satisfying the codeword criterion, returning the sense word to the requestor as the requested data. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of parity check equations corresponds to a different subset of the sense word, and wherein each of the plurality of parity check equation results indicates whether a number of bits set to a value of β1β in a corresponding subset of the sense word is even or odd, wherein determining the syndrome for the sense word comprises logically combining the plurality of parity check equation results, and wherein determining whether the syndrome for the sense word satisfies the codeword criterion comprises determining whether all the plurality of parity check equation results in the syndrome are in a satisfied state. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device to perform further operations comprising:
determining whether a number of iterations performed in the iterative LDPC correction process satisfies an iteration criterion; in response to the number of iterations performed satisfying the iteration criterion, continuing the LDPC correction process; and in response to the number of iterations performed not satisfying the iteration criterion, ending the LDPC correction process. 9. A method comprising:
reading a sense word; executing a plurality of parity check equations on corresponding subsets of the sense word to determine a plurality of parity check equation results; determining a syndrome for the sense word using the plurality of parity check equation results; determining whether the syndrome for the sense word satisfies a codeword criterion; and responsive to the syndrome for the sense word not satisfying the codeword criterion, performing an iterative low density parity check (LDPC) correction process, wherein at least one criterion of the iterative LDPC correction process is adjusted after a threshold number of iterations is performed. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein performing the iterative LDPC correction process comprises:
determining an energy level associated with each bit of the sense word; determining a maximum energy level associated with any one bit of the sense word; determining whether a current iteration of the LDPC correction process is the first iteration; and responsive to the current iteration being the first iteration, flipping any bits in the sense word having an energy level that satisfies an energy threshold condition. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein performing the iterative LDPC correction process further comprises:
responsive to the current iteration not being the first iteration, determining whether the current iteration is one of the threshold number of iterations; and responsive to the current iteration being one of the threshold number of iterations, flipping any bits in the sense word having an associated energy level greater than or equal to one less than the maximum energy level associated with any one bit of the sense word from a previous iteration. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the energy level associated with a given bit of the sense word represents a number of parity check equation results that are in an unsatisfied state for the bit plus the XOR of a current value of the bit with an original value of the bit. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein performing the iterative LDPC correction process further comprises:
responsive to the current iteration not being one of the threshold number of iterations, flipping any bits in the sense word having an associated energy level that is greater than or equal to the maximum energy level associated with any one bit of the sense word from the previous iteration. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving, from a requestor, a request to read data, wherein the sense word is associated with the data; and responsive to the syndrome for the sense word satisfying the codeword criterion, returning the sense word to the requestor as the requested data. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein each of the plurality of parity check equations corresponds to a different subset of the sense word, and wherein each of the plurality of parity check equation results indicates whether a number of bits set to a value of β1β in a corresponding subset of the sense word is even or odd, wherein determining the syndrome for the sense word comprises logically combining the plurality of parity check equation results, and wherein determining whether the syndrome for the sense word satisfies the codeword criterion comprises determining whether all the plurality of parity check equation results in the syndrome are in a satisfied state. 16. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
determining whether a number of iterations performed in the iterative LDPC correction process satisfies an iteration criterion; in response to the number of iterations performed satisfying the iteration criterion, continuing the LDPC correction process; and in response to the number of iterations performed not satisfying the iteration criterion, ending the LDPC correction process. 17. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processing device, cause the processing device to perform operations comprising:
reading a sense word from a memory device; executing a plurality of parity check equations on corresponding subsets of the sense word to determine a plurality of parity check equation results; determining whether the plurality of parity check equation results indicates an error in the sense word; and responsive to the parity check equation results indicating an error in the sense word:
performing a first iteration of an error correction process;
performing a threshold number of iterations of the error correction process wherein the threshold number of iterations comprise flipping any bits in the sense word having a number of parity check equation results that are in an unsatisfied state greater than or equal to one less than a maximum number of parity check equation results that are in the unsatisfied state for any one bit of the sense word from a previous iteration; and
performing one or more subsequent iterations of the error correction process after the threshold number of iterations, wherein the one or more subsequent iterations comprise flipping any bits in the sense word having a number of parity check equation results that are in an unsatisfied state equal to a maximum number of parity check equation results that are in the unsatisfied state for any one bit of the sense word from the previous iteration. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein each of the plurality of parity check equations corresponds to a different subset of the sense word, and wherein each of the plurality of parity check equation results indicates whether a number of bits set to a value of β1β in a corresponding subset of the sense word is even or odd. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein determining whether the plurality of parity check equation results indicates an error in the sense word comprises determining whether all of the plurality of parity check equation results are in a satisfied state. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein performing the first iteration of the error correction process comprises:
determining a number of parity check equation results that are in an unsatisfied state for each bit of the sense word; determining a maximum number of parity check equation results that are in the unsatisfied state for any one bit of the sense word; and flipping any bit in the sense word having number of parity check equation results that are in the unsatisfied state that satisfies an energy threshold condition. | 2,600 |
349,272 | 16,806,859 | 2,699 | A smart driver system for electrochromic devices is provided. The system includes at least one smart driver having one or more processors, memory and a communication module. The at least one smart driver is configurable to couple to or integrate with one or more smart windows having electrochromic devices. The at least one smart driver is configurable to input identification information from a plurality of self-identifying components of a smart window system, including the one or more smart windows, and to self-initialize or self-adjust a plurality of operating parameters for operation of the self-identifying components in accordance with the identification information. | 1. A smart driver system for electrochromic devices, comprising:
at least one smart driver having one or more processors, memory and a communication module; the at least one smart driver configurable to couple to or integrate with one or more smart windows having electrochromic devices; and the at least one smart driver configurable to input identification information from a plurality of self-identifying components of a smart window system, including the one or more smart windows, and to self-initialize or self-adjust a plurality of operating parameters for operation of the self-identifying components in accordance with the identification information. 2. The smart driver system of claim 1, wherein the at least one smart driver comprises:
a smart window gateway configurable to couple to a network and to one or more smart window services on the network, and configurable to couple to smart controllers; one or more smart controllers configurable to couple to the smart window gateway and the one or more smart windows; and the smart window gateway or the one or more smart controllers configurable to couple to one or more user devices, with the smart window gateway, the one or more smart window services, the one or more smart controllers, the one or more user devices and the one or more smart windows acting as a distributed device network for controlling the electrochromic devices of the one or more smart windows. 3. The smart driver system of claim 1, further comprising:
the at least one smart driver configurable to communicate with a user device having a barcode reader application, wherein the at least one smart driver configurable to input the identification information from the plurality of self-identifying components of the smart window system comprises the at least one smart driver configurable to receive barcode information from the user device having the barcode reader application, responsive to the user device scanning barcodes on the self-identifying components of the smart window system. 4. The smart driver system of claim 1, further comprising:
a server, configured to receive one or more photographs of one or more of the plurality of self-identifying components as installed; and the server further configured to store the one or more photographs in association with the identification information from the plurality of self identifying components. 5. The smart driver system of claim 1, wherein the at least one smart driver configurable to self-initialize or self-adjust the plurality of operating parameters comprises:
the at least one smart driver configurable to send data from the plurality of self-identifying components via a network to a server for diagnostics, monitoring or remote troubleshooting. 6. The smart driver system of claim 1, further comprising:
the at least one smart driver configurable to cooperate with a user device having an install application, to install, connect and verify correct operation of the self-identifying components in accordance with the self-initialized or self-adjusted plurality of operating parameters. 7. The smart driver system of claim 1, further comprising:
the at least one smart driver configurable to perform fault checks on at least two from a group consisting of: an analog-to-digital converter configurable to couple to and monitor a smart window; a step start voltage of the smart window; a temperature of driver electronics; an expected communication; a value of a sense voltage of the smart window; voltage limits of the smart window; current limits of the smart window; drive voltage to the smart window; change in the sense voltage of the smart window; an impedance of an electrochromic device; an expected minimum current at a beginning of a step to the smart window; and a sequestration circuit of the smart window. 8. A smart driver system with electrochromic devices, comprising:
a plurality of smart windows having electrochromic devices; at least one smart driver integrated with the plurality of smart windows or configurable to couple to the plurality of smart windows; and the plurality of smart windows and the at least one smart driver having memory, one or more processors and communication capability, and being configurable to receive identification information from a plurality of self-identifying components of the smart driver system with electrochromic devices and to self-initialize or self-adjust a plurality of operating parameters for operation of the plurality of smart windows in accordance with the identification information. 9. The smart driver system with electrochromic devices of claim 8, wherein the at least one smart driver comprises:
a smart window gateway having at least one processor and configurable to couple to a network to communicate with one or more smart window services; one or more smart controllers each having at least one processor; and the smart window gateway and the one or more smart controllers configurable to couple to and communicate with each other, the plurality of smart windows, one or more user devices having one or more applications, and the one or more smart window services, to act as a distributed device network for controlling the electrochromic devices. 10. The smart driver system with electrochromic devices of claim 8, wherein the plurality of smart windows and the at least one smart driver being configurable to receive the identification information from the plurality of self-identifying components comprises:
the at least one smart driver configurable to receive barcode information from a user device scanning barcodes of the self-identifying components. 11. The smart driver system with electrochromic devices of claim 8, wherein the at least one smart driver is configurable to cooperate with one or more smart window services in a server coupled by a network to the at least one smart driver, for monitoring or diagnostics. 12. The smart driver system with electrochromic devices of claim 8, further comprising:
the at least one smart driver configurable to cooperate with a user device having an install application, and cooperate with one or more smart window services in a server coupled by a network to the at least one smart driver, for installation and verification of operation of the self-identifying components in association with the identification information. 13. The smart driver system with electrochromic devices of claim 8, further comprising:
the at least one smart driver configurable to perform fault checks on and verify correct operation of the self-identifying components. 14. A method of driving smart windows having electrochromic devices, performed by a smart driver system, the method comprising:
receiving identification information from a plurality of self-identifying components of a smart window system, including one or more smart windows; self-initializing a plurality of operating parameters for the plurality of self-identifying components, in accordance with the identification information, for setup of the smart window system; and self-adjusting at least one of the plurality of operating parameters, for operation of the smart window system. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
coupling and communicating among a smart window gateway, a network, one or more smart controllers, one or more smart windows, and one or more user devices, to act as a distributed device network; and controlling the electrochromic devices, by the distributed device network. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
communicating with a user device having a barcode reader application, wherein the receiving the input identification information from the plurality of self-identifying components comprises receiving scanned barcodes from the user device resulting from the user device scanning barcodes of the self-identifying components. 17. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
receiving, at a server, from a user device, one or more photographs of one or more of the plurality of self-identifying components; and storing, in a database coupled to the server, the one or more photographs of the one or more of the plurality of self-identifying components in association with the identification information from the plurality of self-identifying components. 18. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
cooperating with one or more smart window services in a server that is coupled via a network to the smart driver system, to perform monitoring or diagnostics on the plurality of self-identifying components. 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
cooperating with a user device having an install application, and with one or more smart window services in a server that is coupled via a network to the smart driver system, to install, connect and verify correct operation of the self-identifying components. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
performing fault checks on at least two from a group consisting of: an analog-to-digital converter configurable to couple to and monitor a smart window; a step start voltage of the smart window; a temperature of driver electronics; an expected communication; a value of a sense voltage of the smart window; voltage limits of the smart window; current limits of the smart window; drive voltage to the smart window; change in the sense voltage of the smart window; an impedance of an electrochromic device; an expected minimum current at a beginning of a step to the smart window; and a sequestration circuit of the smart window. | A smart driver system for electrochromic devices is provided. The system includes at least one smart driver having one or more processors, memory and a communication module. The at least one smart driver is configurable to couple to or integrate with one or more smart windows having electrochromic devices. The at least one smart driver is configurable to input identification information from a plurality of self-identifying components of a smart window system, including the one or more smart windows, and to self-initialize or self-adjust a plurality of operating parameters for operation of the self-identifying components in accordance with the identification information.1. A smart driver system for electrochromic devices, comprising:
at least one smart driver having one or more processors, memory and a communication module; the at least one smart driver configurable to couple to or integrate with one or more smart windows having electrochromic devices; and the at least one smart driver configurable to input identification information from a plurality of self-identifying components of a smart window system, including the one or more smart windows, and to self-initialize or self-adjust a plurality of operating parameters for operation of the self-identifying components in accordance with the identification information. 2. The smart driver system of claim 1, wherein the at least one smart driver comprises:
a smart window gateway configurable to couple to a network and to one or more smart window services on the network, and configurable to couple to smart controllers; one or more smart controllers configurable to couple to the smart window gateway and the one or more smart windows; and the smart window gateway or the one or more smart controllers configurable to couple to one or more user devices, with the smart window gateway, the one or more smart window services, the one or more smart controllers, the one or more user devices and the one or more smart windows acting as a distributed device network for controlling the electrochromic devices of the one or more smart windows. 3. The smart driver system of claim 1, further comprising:
the at least one smart driver configurable to communicate with a user device having a barcode reader application, wherein the at least one smart driver configurable to input the identification information from the plurality of self-identifying components of the smart window system comprises the at least one smart driver configurable to receive barcode information from the user device having the barcode reader application, responsive to the user device scanning barcodes on the self-identifying components of the smart window system. 4. The smart driver system of claim 1, further comprising:
a server, configured to receive one or more photographs of one or more of the plurality of self-identifying components as installed; and the server further configured to store the one or more photographs in association with the identification information from the plurality of self identifying components. 5. The smart driver system of claim 1, wherein the at least one smart driver configurable to self-initialize or self-adjust the plurality of operating parameters comprises:
the at least one smart driver configurable to send data from the plurality of self-identifying components via a network to a server for diagnostics, monitoring or remote troubleshooting. 6. The smart driver system of claim 1, further comprising:
the at least one smart driver configurable to cooperate with a user device having an install application, to install, connect and verify correct operation of the self-identifying components in accordance with the self-initialized or self-adjusted plurality of operating parameters. 7. The smart driver system of claim 1, further comprising:
the at least one smart driver configurable to perform fault checks on at least two from a group consisting of: an analog-to-digital converter configurable to couple to and monitor a smart window; a step start voltage of the smart window; a temperature of driver electronics; an expected communication; a value of a sense voltage of the smart window; voltage limits of the smart window; current limits of the smart window; drive voltage to the smart window; change in the sense voltage of the smart window; an impedance of an electrochromic device; an expected minimum current at a beginning of a step to the smart window; and a sequestration circuit of the smart window. 8. A smart driver system with electrochromic devices, comprising:
a plurality of smart windows having electrochromic devices; at least one smart driver integrated with the plurality of smart windows or configurable to couple to the plurality of smart windows; and the plurality of smart windows and the at least one smart driver having memory, one or more processors and communication capability, and being configurable to receive identification information from a plurality of self-identifying components of the smart driver system with electrochromic devices and to self-initialize or self-adjust a plurality of operating parameters for operation of the plurality of smart windows in accordance with the identification information. 9. The smart driver system with electrochromic devices of claim 8, wherein the at least one smart driver comprises:
a smart window gateway having at least one processor and configurable to couple to a network to communicate with one or more smart window services; one or more smart controllers each having at least one processor; and the smart window gateway and the one or more smart controllers configurable to couple to and communicate with each other, the plurality of smart windows, one or more user devices having one or more applications, and the one or more smart window services, to act as a distributed device network for controlling the electrochromic devices. 10. The smart driver system with electrochromic devices of claim 8, wherein the plurality of smart windows and the at least one smart driver being configurable to receive the identification information from the plurality of self-identifying components comprises:
the at least one smart driver configurable to receive barcode information from a user device scanning barcodes of the self-identifying components. 11. The smart driver system with electrochromic devices of claim 8, wherein the at least one smart driver is configurable to cooperate with one or more smart window services in a server coupled by a network to the at least one smart driver, for monitoring or diagnostics. 12. The smart driver system with electrochromic devices of claim 8, further comprising:
the at least one smart driver configurable to cooperate with a user device having an install application, and cooperate with one or more smart window services in a server coupled by a network to the at least one smart driver, for installation and verification of operation of the self-identifying components in association with the identification information. 13. The smart driver system with electrochromic devices of claim 8, further comprising:
the at least one smart driver configurable to perform fault checks on and verify correct operation of the self-identifying components. 14. A method of driving smart windows having electrochromic devices, performed by a smart driver system, the method comprising:
receiving identification information from a plurality of self-identifying components of a smart window system, including one or more smart windows; self-initializing a plurality of operating parameters for the plurality of self-identifying components, in accordance with the identification information, for setup of the smart window system; and self-adjusting at least one of the plurality of operating parameters, for operation of the smart window system. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
coupling and communicating among a smart window gateway, a network, one or more smart controllers, one or more smart windows, and one or more user devices, to act as a distributed device network; and controlling the electrochromic devices, by the distributed device network. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
communicating with a user device having a barcode reader application, wherein the receiving the input identification information from the plurality of self-identifying components comprises receiving scanned barcodes from the user device resulting from the user device scanning barcodes of the self-identifying components. 17. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
receiving, at a server, from a user device, one or more photographs of one or more of the plurality of self-identifying components; and storing, in a database coupled to the server, the one or more photographs of the one or more of the plurality of self-identifying components in association with the identification information from the plurality of self-identifying components. 18. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
cooperating with one or more smart window services in a server that is coupled via a network to the smart driver system, to perform monitoring or diagnostics on the plurality of self-identifying components. 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
cooperating with a user device having an install application, and with one or more smart window services in a server that is coupled via a network to the smart driver system, to install, connect and verify correct operation of the self-identifying components. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
performing fault checks on at least two from a group consisting of: an analog-to-digital converter configurable to couple to and monitor a smart window; a step start voltage of the smart window; a temperature of driver electronics; an expected communication; a value of a sense voltage of the smart window; voltage limits of the smart window; current limits of the smart window; drive voltage to the smart window; change in the sense voltage of the smart window; an impedance of an electrochromic device; an expected minimum current at a beginning of a step to the smart window; and a sequestration circuit of the smart window. | 2,600 |
349,273 | 16,806,814 | 2,699 | A candle with an embedded item and methods for manufacturing same are disclosed. A method for manufacturing a candle having an embedded item can include providing a first set of items of a first value and a second set of items of a second value different from the first value, combining the two sets to create a third set, and distributing the items of the third set among a set of candles, one item per candle, where the presence, nature, or value of the item within the candle is obscured. The method can further include selling the candles for a first price, wherein, the presence of the embedded item, the nature of the embedded item, the value of the embedded item, or the value of the embedded item relative to the first price is not known to the purchaser. The embedded item can comprise an object redeemable for a prize. | 1. A method for manufacturing a candle having an item embedded within, comprising:
providing a first set of items, each item having a first value; providing a second set of items, each item having a second value different from the first value; combining the first and second sets of items to create a third set of items; distributing the items of the third set among a set of candles, wherein each candle of the set of candles comprises an enclosure that forms a periphery of the candle, wax that forms a body of the candle, and a wick, and wherein one item from the third set is enclosed within a container that is embedded within the wax of the candle body, wherein the container is attached to the inside of the enclosure that forms a periphery of the candle such that the presence of the container is visible through the enclosure but a nature of the embedded item from the third set or a value of the embedded item from the third set, is not discernable while the item from the third set is embedded in the candle. | A candle with an embedded item and methods for manufacturing same are disclosed. A method for manufacturing a candle having an embedded item can include providing a first set of items of a first value and a second set of items of a second value different from the first value, combining the two sets to create a third set, and distributing the items of the third set among a set of candles, one item per candle, where the presence, nature, or value of the item within the candle is obscured. The method can further include selling the candles for a first price, wherein, the presence of the embedded item, the nature of the embedded item, the value of the embedded item, or the value of the embedded item relative to the first price is not known to the purchaser. The embedded item can comprise an object redeemable for a prize.1. A method for manufacturing a candle having an item embedded within, comprising:
providing a first set of items, each item having a first value; providing a second set of items, each item having a second value different from the first value; combining the first and second sets of items to create a third set of items; distributing the items of the third set among a set of candles, wherein each candle of the set of candles comprises an enclosure that forms a periphery of the candle, wax that forms a body of the candle, and a wick, and wherein one item from the third set is enclosed within a container that is embedded within the wax of the candle body, wherein the container is attached to the inside of the enclosure that forms a periphery of the candle such that the presence of the container is visible through the enclosure but a nature of the embedded item from the third set or a value of the embedded item from the third set, is not discernable while the item from the third set is embedded in the candle. | 2,600 |
349,274 | 16,806,856 | 2,699 | A computerized method for processing investment data includes providing a server supporting a database for receiving, processing and storing investment data; providing a rules engine for processing rules data employing rules relating to credit assignment; introducing into the server investment data from a plurality of external sources, processing the rules data by the rules engine and permitting user access to the processed and stored investment data. Information regarding customer investments, client information and investment transaction information is provided in the server. A corresponding system is disclosed. | 1. A computerized method of processing investment data comprising
providing a server supporting a database for receiving, processing and storing investment data, providing rules relating to credit assignment, introducing into said server investment data from a plurality of external sources, and permitting user access to said processed and stored investment data resident in said server after application of said rules to said investment data. 2. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 1 including effecting a credit assignment through said method. 3. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 2 including providing nonuser financial data in said external source investment data. 4. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 3 including providing said investment data from external sources to said server by data interface objects. 5. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 4 including providing said investment data to said user through a user interface. 6. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 5 including providing said processed investment data to said user in predetermined report form. 7. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 6 including providing investment data from a plurality of said external sources to said data interface objects substantially simultaneously. 8. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 5 including providing said investment data to said user in a form selected from the group consisting of html, xml and pdf files. 9. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 7 including employing a rules engine for applying said rules to said investment data. 10. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 9 including said investment data containing rules data which is processed by said rules engine. 11. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 10 including periodically revising said rules. 12. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 11 including effecting said rules revision by input from at least one of a said user and said data steward. 13. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 9 including a data steward periodically revising said investment data. 14. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 9 including a data steward periodically revising said rules. 15. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 13 including effecting said revising in said database. 16. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 14 including effecting said revising in said database. 17. The computerized method of processing of investment data of claim 1 including storing said rules in said database. 18. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 1 including said users accessing said user interface through the internet. 19. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 1 including storing in said server investment data relating to trade information. 20. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 1 including storing in said server data regarding investment asset positions. | A computerized method for processing investment data includes providing a server supporting a database for receiving, processing and storing investment data; providing a rules engine for processing rules data employing rules relating to credit assignment; introducing into the server investment data from a plurality of external sources, processing the rules data by the rules engine and permitting user access to the processed and stored investment data. Information regarding customer investments, client information and investment transaction information is provided in the server. A corresponding system is disclosed.1. A computerized method of processing investment data comprising
providing a server supporting a database for receiving, processing and storing investment data, providing rules relating to credit assignment, introducing into said server investment data from a plurality of external sources, and permitting user access to said processed and stored investment data resident in said server after application of said rules to said investment data. 2. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 1 including effecting a credit assignment through said method. 3. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 2 including providing nonuser financial data in said external source investment data. 4. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 3 including providing said investment data from external sources to said server by data interface objects. 5. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 4 including providing said investment data to said user through a user interface. 6. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 5 including providing said processed investment data to said user in predetermined report form. 7. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 6 including providing investment data from a plurality of said external sources to said data interface objects substantially simultaneously. 8. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 5 including providing said investment data to said user in a form selected from the group consisting of html, xml and pdf files. 9. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 7 including employing a rules engine for applying said rules to said investment data. 10. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 9 including said investment data containing rules data which is processed by said rules engine. 11. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 10 including periodically revising said rules. 12. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 11 including effecting said rules revision by input from at least one of a said user and said data steward. 13. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 9 including a data steward periodically revising said investment data. 14. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 9 including a data steward periodically revising said rules. 15. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 13 including effecting said revising in said database. 16. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 14 including effecting said revising in said database. 17. The computerized method of processing of investment data of claim 1 including storing said rules in said database. 18. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 1 including said users accessing said user interface through the internet. 19. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 1 including storing in said server investment data relating to trade information. 20. The computerized method of processing investment data of claim 1 including storing in said server data regarding investment asset positions. | 2,600 |
349,275 | 16,806,850 | 2,699 | A gaming system wherein a first reel strip is selected from a set of reel strips for a first game. The first reel strip has a set of first consecutive symbol positions and a set of second consecutive symbol positions, each associated with a plurality of symbols and the second consecutive symbol positions comprise at least two consecutive identical symbols. The first reel strip is then displayed within at least one reel. If the user desires to play one or more additional games, the system selects and displays at least one additional reel strip from a set of reel strips. The additional reel strip has a set of first consecutive symbol positions and a set of second consecutive symbol positions, each associated with a plurality of symbols, and the second consecutive symbol positions comprise fewer consecutive identical symbols than were present in the previous game. This process is repeated until a reel strip is selected which has no consecutive identical symbols in the second consecutive identical symbol positions. If another request to play an additional game is received from the user, the system may repeat the first selection step and all steps that follow until no further requests to play are received from the user. | 1.-24. (canceled) 25. A machine for entertainment of playing one or more consecutive games, comprising:
a plurality of reels, each reel having a plurality of reel sequential symbol positions; a matrix comprising a matrix height of a predetermined number of the reel sequential symbol positions and a matrix width of the number of reels, on which a play of a game and an outcome of the play of the game is displayed; a plurality of reel strips, each having a first set of consecutive symbol positions and a second set of consecutive symbol positions, said each symbol position associated with one of a plurality of symbols randomly selected and said second set of consecutive symbol positions comprising at least two identical symbols of the plurality of symbols, the number of identical symbols in the second set of consecutive symbol positions is selected from a range from a first number to a second number randomly prior to the play of the game and the second number greater than the first number, the number of symbol positions in the first set determined as the difference between the number of reel sequential symbol positions less the number of symbol positions of the second set of consecutive symbol positions, and for each subsequent one of the one or more games the second set of consecutive symbol positions comprising a number of consecutive identical symbols different than the number in the second set in the prior play of the game; a device configured for selecting for play of the game a respective one of the plurality of reel strips for each of the reels, which first set and second set of consecutive symbol positions populates the plurality of reel sequential symbol positions for the respective reel; a display for displaying the matrix during and after the play of the game; and means for moving the plurality of reels during play of the game, whereby each of reels moves the reel sequential symbol positions through the display until the movement of the reels is stopped and the display displays the symbols in the matrix of the sequential symbol positions in the predetermined matrix height and matrix width. 26. The machine as recited in claim 25, wherein the number of consecutive symbol positions in the second set is determined for a first reel randomly in a range from a first number to a second number of reel sequential symbol positions prior to the one or more play of the game using the machine. 27. The machine as recited in claim 25, wherein the number of consecutive symbol positions in the second set is determined for each reel randomly in a range from a first number to a second number of reel sequential symbol positions for each of the reels prior to the one or more play of the game using the machine. 28. The machine as recited in claim 25, wherein the matrix height of the number of the reel sequential symbol positions is predetermined randomly in a range of a first number to a second number of sequential symbol positions prior to the one or more play of the game using the machine. 29. The machine as recited in claim 25, wherein the matrix width is predetermined randomly in a range of a first number to a second number of reels prior to the one or more play of the game using the machine. 30. The machine as recited in claim 25, wherein the number of consecutive identical symbols in the second set of consecutive symbol positions for a respective subsequent one of the one or more games is less than the number in the second set in the prior play of the game. 31. The machine as recited in claim 25, wherein the number of consecutive identical symbols in the second set of consecutive symbol positions for a respective subsequent one of the one or more games is more than the number in the second set in the prior play of the game. 32. The machine as recited in claim 25, further comprising a microprocessor computer device configured with software instructions for providing the reels, the plurality of reel strips, and moving the plurality of reels during a play of the game. 33. The machine as recited in claim 25, wherein the number of consecutive symbol positions in the first set and the number of consecutive symbol positions in the second set are the same for each reel strip. 34. The machine as recited in claim 25, wherein the number of consecutive symbol positions in the first set and the number of consecutive symbol positions in the second set are different. 35. The machine as recited in claim 25, wherein the number of consecutive symbol positions in the first set and the number of consecutive symbol positions in the second set are different for each reel strip. 36. The machine as recited in claim 25, wherein each of the plurality of reel strips comprise different identical symbols within the respective second set of consecutive symbol positions. 37. The machine as recited in claim 25, wherein the symbols within the first set of consecutive symbol positions are not consecutively identical. 38. The machine as recited in claim 25, wherein a first one of the reel strips comprises at least one symbol within the first set of consecutive symbol positions that is different from a symbol within the first set of consecutive symbol positions of a second one of the reel strips. 39. The machine as recited in claim 25, wherein a first one of the reel strips comprises a plurality of symbols within the first set of consecutive symbol positions that are different from the symbols within the first set of consecutive symbol positions of a second one of the reel strips. 40. The machine as recited in claim 25, wherein one or more of the identical symbols in the second set of consecutive symbol positions includes an upgrade indicator that upon display in the matrix after play of the game causes the identical symbol to upgrade to a different symbol of the plurality of symbols having a value greater than a value of the identical symbol optionally, (i) for the one identical symbol, (ii) for more than one of the identical symbols, or (iii) for all of the consecutive identical symbols. 41. The machine as recited in claim 40, wherein the upgrade occurs if the consecutive identical symbol with the upgrade indicator is displayed adjacent a wilds symbol in the matrix. 42. The machine as recited in claim 40, whereupon determining that the upgrade did not result in a win for the player of the game, repeating the upgrade to provide a subsequent higher value symbol of the plurality of symbols. 43. The machine as recited in claim 40, wherein the upgrade occurs randomly. 44. The machine as recited in claim 40, wherein the upgrade occurs in response to display of a trigger symbol in the matrix. 45. The machine as recited in claim 40, wherein the game restarts with at least two consecutive symbols after play of a game with less than two consecutive symbols. 46. The machine as recited in claim 40, wherein the second set of consecutive symbol positions comprises:
a first sequential number of consecutive symbol positions having the at least two identical symbols of the plurality of symbols; and a second set of consecutive symbol positions each having a second at least two identical symbols of the plurality of symbols different from the at least two identical symbols. 47. A method of playing one or more consecutive games on a machine for entertainment comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a plurality of reels, each reel having a plurality of reel sequential symbol positions; (b) defining a matrix comprising a matrix height of a predetermined number of the reel sequential symbol positions and a matrix width of the number of reels, on which a play of a game and an outcome of the play of the game is displayed; (c) selecting a reel strip from a plurality of reel strips, each reel strip having a first set of consecutive symbol positions and a second set of consecutive symbol positions, said each symbol position of the first set of consecutive symbol positions populated with a respective one of a plurality of the symbols randomly selected and said second set of consecutive symbol positions comprising at least two identical symbols of the plurality of symbols, the number of identical symbols in the second set of consecutive symbol positions selected randomly from a range of a first number to a second number prior to the play of the game and the second number greater than the first number, the number of symbol positions in the first set determined as the difference between the number of reel sequential symbol positions less the number of symbol positions of the second set of consecutive symbol positions, and for each subsequent one of the one or more games the second set of consecutive symbol positions comprising a number of consecutive identical symbols different than the number in the second set in the prior play of the game; (d) selecting a respective one of the plurality of reel strips for each of the reels, which first set and second set of consecutive symbol positions populates the plurality of reel sequential symbol positions for the respective reel; (e) providing a display for display of the matrix during and after the play of the game; and (f) moving the plurality of reels during the play of the game, whereby each of reels moves the reel sequential symbol positions through the display until stopped and the display displays the symbols in the matrix of the sequential symbol positions. 48. The method as recited in claim 47, further comprising the step of determining randomly the number of consecutive symbol positions in the second set in a range from a first number to a second number of reel sequential symbol positions for a first one of the reels prior to the one or more play of the game. 49. The method as recited in claim 47, further comprising the step of determining the number of consecutive symbol positions in a range from a first number to a second number of reel sequential symbol positions for each of the reels prior to the one or more play of the game. 50. The method as recited in claim 47, further comprising the step of determining randomly the matrix height of the number of the reel sequential symbol positions in a range of a first number to a second number of sequential symbol positions prior to the one or more play of the game using the machine. 51. The method as recited in claim 47, further comprising the step of determining randomly the matrix width in a range of a first number to a second number of reels prior to the one or more play of the game using the machine. 52. The method as recited in claim 47, wherein the number of consecutive identical symbols in the second set of consecutive symbol positions for a respective subsequent one of the one or more games is less than the number in the second set in the prior play of the game. 53. The method as recited in claim 47, wherein the number of consecutive identical symbols in the second set of consecutive symbol positions for a respective subsequent one of the one or more games is more than the number in the second set in the prior play of the game. 54. The method as recited in claim 47, further comprising the step of providing a microprocessor computer device configured with software instructions for providing the reels, the plurality of reel strips, and moving the plurality of reels during a play of the game. 55. The method as recited in claim 47, wherein the number of consecutive symbol positions in the first set and the number of consecutive symbol positions in the second set are the same for each reel strip. 56. The method as recited in claim 47, wherein the number of consecutive symbol positions in the first set and the number of consecutive symbol positions in the second set are different. 57. The method as recited in claim 47, wherein the number of consecutive symbol positions in the first set and the number of consecutive symbol positions in the second set are different for each reel strip. 58. The method as recited in claim 47, wherein each of the plurality of reel strips comprise different identical symbols within the respective second set of consecutive symbol positions. 59. The method as recited in claim 47, wherein the symbols within the first set of consecutive symbol positions are not consecutively identical. 60. The method as recited in claim 47, wherein a first one of the reel strips comprises at least one symbol within the first set of consecutive symbol positions that is different from a symbol within the first set of consecutive symbol positions of a second one of the reel strips. 61. The method as recited in claim 47, wherein a first one of the reel strips comprises a plurality of symbols within the first set of consecutive symbol positions that are different from the symbols within the first set of consecutive symbol positions of a second one of the reel strips. 62. The method as recited in claim 47, further comprising the steps of
providing an upgrade indicator for one or more of the identical symbols in the second set of consecutive symbol positions; and upon display of the upgrade indicator in the matrix after play of the game, upgrading the identical symbol to a different symbol of the plurality of symbols having a value greater than a value of the identical symbol optionally, (i) for the one identical symbol, (ii) for more than one of the identical symbols, or (iii) for all of the consecutive identical symbols. 63. The method as recited in claim 61, wherein the upgrade occurs if the consecutive identical symbol with the upgrade indicator is displayed adjacent a wilds symbol in the matrix. 64. The method as recited in claim 61, whereupon determining that the upgrade did not result in a win for the player of the game, repeating the upgrade to provide a subsequent higher value symbol of the plurality of symbols. 65. The method as recited in claim 61, wherein the upgrade occurs randomly. 66. The method as recited in claim 61, wherein the upgrade occurs in response to displaying a trigger symbol in the matrix. 67. The method as recited in claim 61, wherein providing the second set of consecutive symbol positions comprises the steps of:
providing a first sequential number of consecutive symbol positions having the at least two identical symbols of the plurality of symbols; and providing a second set of consecutive symbol positions each having a second at least two identical symbols of the plurality of symbols different from the at least two identical symbols. | A gaming system wherein a first reel strip is selected from a set of reel strips for a first game. The first reel strip has a set of first consecutive symbol positions and a set of second consecutive symbol positions, each associated with a plurality of symbols and the second consecutive symbol positions comprise at least two consecutive identical symbols. The first reel strip is then displayed within at least one reel. If the user desires to play one or more additional games, the system selects and displays at least one additional reel strip from a set of reel strips. The additional reel strip has a set of first consecutive symbol positions and a set of second consecutive symbol positions, each associated with a plurality of symbols, and the second consecutive symbol positions comprise fewer consecutive identical symbols than were present in the previous game. This process is repeated until a reel strip is selected which has no consecutive identical symbols in the second consecutive identical symbol positions. If another request to play an additional game is received from the user, the system may repeat the first selection step and all steps that follow until no further requests to play are received from the user.1.-24. (canceled) 25. A machine for entertainment of playing one or more consecutive games, comprising:
a plurality of reels, each reel having a plurality of reel sequential symbol positions; a matrix comprising a matrix height of a predetermined number of the reel sequential symbol positions and a matrix width of the number of reels, on which a play of a game and an outcome of the play of the game is displayed; a plurality of reel strips, each having a first set of consecutive symbol positions and a second set of consecutive symbol positions, said each symbol position associated with one of a plurality of symbols randomly selected and said second set of consecutive symbol positions comprising at least two identical symbols of the plurality of symbols, the number of identical symbols in the second set of consecutive symbol positions is selected from a range from a first number to a second number randomly prior to the play of the game and the second number greater than the first number, the number of symbol positions in the first set determined as the difference between the number of reel sequential symbol positions less the number of symbol positions of the second set of consecutive symbol positions, and for each subsequent one of the one or more games the second set of consecutive symbol positions comprising a number of consecutive identical symbols different than the number in the second set in the prior play of the game; a device configured for selecting for play of the game a respective one of the plurality of reel strips for each of the reels, which first set and second set of consecutive symbol positions populates the plurality of reel sequential symbol positions for the respective reel; a display for displaying the matrix during and after the play of the game; and means for moving the plurality of reels during play of the game, whereby each of reels moves the reel sequential symbol positions through the display until the movement of the reels is stopped and the display displays the symbols in the matrix of the sequential symbol positions in the predetermined matrix height and matrix width. 26. The machine as recited in claim 25, wherein the number of consecutive symbol positions in the second set is determined for a first reel randomly in a range from a first number to a second number of reel sequential symbol positions prior to the one or more play of the game using the machine. 27. The machine as recited in claim 25, wherein the number of consecutive symbol positions in the second set is determined for each reel randomly in a range from a first number to a second number of reel sequential symbol positions for each of the reels prior to the one or more play of the game using the machine. 28. The machine as recited in claim 25, wherein the matrix height of the number of the reel sequential symbol positions is predetermined randomly in a range of a first number to a second number of sequential symbol positions prior to the one or more play of the game using the machine. 29. The machine as recited in claim 25, wherein the matrix width is predetermined randomly in a range of a first number to a second number of reels prior to the one or more play of the game using the machine. 30. The machine as recited in claim 25, wherein the number of consecutive identical symbols in the second set of consecutive symbol positions for a respective subsequent one of the one or more games is less than the number in the second set in the prior play of the game. 31. The machine as recited in claim 25, wherein the number of consecutive identical symbols in the second set of consecutive symbol positions for a respective subsequent one of the one or more games is more than the number in the second set in the prior play of the game. 32. The machine as recited in claim 25, further comprising a microprocessor computer device configured with software instructions for providing the reels, the plurality of reel strips, and moving the plurality of reels during a play of the game. 33. The machine as recited in claim 25, wherein the number of consecutive symbol positions in the first set and the number of consecutive symbol positions in the second set are the same for each reel strip. 34. The machine as recited in claim 25, wherein the number of consecutive symbol positions in the first set and the number of consecutive symbol positions in the second set are different. 35. The machine as recited in claim 25, wherein the number of consecutive symbol positions in the first set and the number of consecutive symbol positions in the second set are different for each reel strip. 36. The machine as recited in claim 25, wherein each of the plurality of reel strips comprise different identical symbols within the respective second set of consecutive symbol positions. 37. The machine as recited in claim 25, wherein the symbols within the first set of consecutive symbol positions are not consecutively identical. 38. The machine as recited in claim 25, wherein a first one of the reel strips comprises at least one symbol within the first set of consecutive symbol positions that is different from a symbol within the first set of consecutive symbol positions of a second one of the reel strips. 39. The machine as recited in claim 25, wherein a first one of the reel strips comprises a plurality of symbols within the first set of consecutive symbol positions that are different from the symbols within the first set of consecutive symbol positions of a second one of the reel strips. 40. The machine as recited in claim 25, wherein one or more of the identical symbols in the second set of consecutive symbol positions includes an upgrade indicator that upon display in the matrix after play of the game causes the identical symbol to upgrade to a different symbol of the plurality of symbols having a value greater than a value of the identical symbol optionally, (i) for the one identical symbol, (ii) for more than one of the identical symbols, or (iii) for all of the consecutive identical symbols. 41. The machine as recited in claim 40, wherein the upgrade occurs if the consecutive identical symbol with the upgrade indicator is displayed adjacent a wilds symbol in the matrix. 42. The machine as recited in claim 40, whereupon determining that the upgrade did not result in a win for the player of the game, repeating the upgrade to provide a subsequent higher value symbol of the plurality of symbols. 43. The machine as recited in claim 40, wherein the upgrade occurs randomly. 44. The machine as recited in claim 40, wherein the upgrade occurs in response to display of a trigger symbol in the matrix. 45. The machine as recited in claim 40, wherein the game restarts with at least two consecutive symbols after play of a game with less than two consecutive symbols. 46. The machine as recited in claim 40, wherein the second set of consecutive symbol positions comprises:
a first sequential number of consecutive symbol positions having the at least two identical symbols of the plurality of symbols; and a second set of consecutive symbol positions each having a second at least two identical symbols of the plurality of symbols different from the at least two identical symbols. 47. A method of playing one or more consecutive games on a machine for entertainment comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a plurality of reels, each reel having a plurality of reel sequential symbol positions; (b) defining a matrix comprising a matrix height of a predetermined number of the reel sequential symbol positions and a matrix width of the number of reels, on which a play of a game and an outcome of the play of the game is displayed; (c) selecting a reel strip from a plurality of reel strips, each reel strip having a first set of consecutive symbol positions and a second set of consecutive symbol positions, said each symbol position of the first set of consecutive symbol positions populated with a respective one of a plurality of the symbols randomly selected and said second set of consecutive symbol positions comprising at least two identical symbols of the plurality of symbols, the number of identical symbols in the second set of consecutive symbol positions selected randomly from a range of a first number to a second number prior to the play of the game and the second number greater than the first number, the number of symbol positions in the first set determined as the difference between the number of reel sequential symbol positions less the number of symbol positions of the second set of consecutive symbol positions, and for each subsequent one of the one or more games the second set of consecutive symbol positions comprising a number of consecutive identical symbols different than the number in the second set in the prior play of the game; (d) selecting a respective one of the plurality of reel strips for each of the reels, which first set and second set of consecutive symbol positions populates the plurality of reel sequential symbol positions for the respective reel; (e) providing a display for display of the matrix during and after the play of the game; and (f) moving the plurality of reels during the play of the game, whereby each of reels moves the reel sequential symbol positions through the display until stopped and the display displays the symbols in the matrix of the sequential symbol positions. 48. The method as recited in claim 47, further comprising the step of determining randomly the number of consecutive symbol positions in the second set in a range from a first number to a second number of reel sequential symbol positions for a first one of the reels prior to the one or more play of the game. 49. The method as recited in claim 47, further comprising the step of determining the number of consecutive symbol positions in a range from a first number to a second number of reel sequential symbol positions for each of the reels prior to the one or more play of the game. 50. The method as recited in claim 47, further comprising the step of determining randomly the matrix height of the number of the reel sequential symbol positions in a range of a first number to a second number of sequential symbol positions prior to the one or more play of the game using the machine. 51. The method as recited in claim 47, further comprising the step of determining randomly the matrix width in a range of a first number to a second number of reels prior to the one or more play of the game using the machine. 52. The method as recited in claim 47, wherein the number of consecutive identical symbols in the second set of consecutive symbol positions for a respective subsequent one of the one or more games is less than the number in the second set in the prior play of the game. 53. The method as recited in claim 47, wherein the number of consecutive identical symbols in the second set of consecutive symbol positions for a respective subsequent one of the one or more games is more than the number in the second set in the prior play of the game. 54. The method as recited in claim 47, further comprising the step of providing a microprocessor computer device configured with software instructions for providing the reels, the plurality of reel strips, and moving the plurality of reels during a play of the game. 55. The method as recited in claim 47, wherein the number of consecutive symbol positions in the first set and the number of consecutive symbol positions in the second set are the same for each reel strip. 56. The method as recited in claim 47, wherein the number of consecutive symbol positions in the first set and the number of consecutive symbol positions in the second set are different. 57. The method as recited in claim 47, wherein the number of consecutive symbol positions in the first set and the number of consecutive symbol positions in the second set are different for each reel strip. 58. The method as recited in claim 47, wherein each of the plurality of reel strips comprise different identical symbols within the respective second set of consecutive symbol positions. 59. The method as recited in claim 47, wherein the symbols within the first set of consecutive symbol positions are not consecutively identical. 60. The method as recited in claim 47, wherein a first one of the reel strips comprises at least one symbol within the first set of consecutive symbol positions that is different from a symbol within the first set of consecutive symbol positions of a second one of the reel strips. 61. The method as recited in claim 47, wherein a first one of the reel strips comprises a plurality of symbols within the first set of consecutive symbol positions that are different from the symbols within the first set of consecutive symbol positions of a second one of the reel strips. 62. The method as recited in claim 47, further comprising the steps of
providing an upgrade indicator for one or more of the identical symbols in the second set of consecutive symbol positions; and upon display of the upgrade indicator in the matrix after play of the game, upgrading the identical symbol to a different symbol of the plurality of symbols having a value greater than a value of the identical symbol optionally, (i) for the one identical symbol, (ii) for more than one of the identical symbols, or (iii) for all of the consecutive identical symbols. 63. The method as recited in claim 61, wherein the upgrade occurs if the consecutive identical symbol with the upgrade indicator is displayed adjacent a wilds symbol in the matrix. 64. The method as recited in claim 61, whereupon determining that the upgrade did not result in a win for the player of the game, repeating the upgrade to provide a subsequent higher value symbol of the plurality of symbols. 65. The method as recited in claim 61, wherein the upgrade occurs randomly. 66. The method as recited in claim 61, wherein the upgrade occurs in response to displaying a trigger symbol in the matrix. 67. The method as recited in claim 61, wherein providing the second set of consecutive symbol positions comprises the steps of:
providing a first sequential number of consecutive symbol positions having the at least two identical symbols of the plurality of symbols; and providing a second set of consecutive symbol positions each having a second at least two identical symbols of the plurality of symbols different from the at least two identical symbols. | 2,600 |
349,276 | 16,806,839 | 2,699 | A surface cleaning apparatus comprises an air treatment member having an air treatment chamber. A moveable member is positioned in the air treatment chamber. A driving assembly is drivingly connected to the moveable member wherein the driving assembly is operable between a stored position is which the surface cleaning apparatus is operable to clean a surface and a cleaned position in which the moveable member has been translated through at least a portion of the chamber, wherein, in the stored position, a portion of the driving assembly is longitudinally spaced from the first and second axially spaced apart ends of the air treatment chamber. | 1. A surface cleaning apparatus comprising:
(a) an air flow path extending from a dirty air inlet to a clean air outlet; (b) a first air treatment member having an air treatment chamber positioned in the air flow path, the air treatment chamber comprising an air treatment chamber air inlet, an air treatment chamber air outlet, an openable first end, a longitudinally spaced apart second end having the air treatment chamber air outlet and a longitudinally extending sidewall, wherein the air treatment chamber air outlet comprises a longitudinally extending porous member having a longitudinally extending porous sidewall; (c) a suction motor positioned in the air flow path upstream of the clean air outlet; (d) a moveable member positioned in the air treatment chamber, the moveable member comprising at least one of the porous member and a cleaning member positioned in the air treatment chamber between the sidewall of the air treatment chamber and the porous sidewall; and, (e) a driving assembly comprising a handle and a driving linkage wherein the driving assembly is operable between a stored position is which the surface cleaning apparatus is operable to clean a surface and a cleaned position in which the moveable member has been translated through at least a portion of the chamber, wherein, in the stored position, a portion of the driving assembly comprising the handle is longitudinally spaced from the first and second ends of the air treatment chamber. 2. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the driving linkage comprises a drive rod and, in the stored position, at least a portion of the drive rod extends along another portion of the surface cleaning apparatus. 3. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 2 wherein the another portion of the surface cleaning apparatus comprising a dirt collection chamber exterior to the air treatment chamber, the air treatment chamber further comprises a dirt outlet in communication with the dirt collection chamber and the portion of the drive rod is coextensive with a portion of the dirt collection chamber that is longitudinally spaced from the first and second ends of the air treatment chamber. 4. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 2 further comprising a second stage air treatment member downstream from the first air treatment member and the another portion of the surface cleaning apparatus comprises the second stage air treatment member. 5. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 2 wherein the first air treatment member is a first cyclonic stage and the surface cleaning apparatus further comprises a second cyclonic stage downstream from the first cyclonic stage and the another portion of the surface cleaning apparatus comprises the second cyclonic stage. 6. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 2 further comprising a suction motor housing and the another portion of the surface cleaning apparatus comprises the suction motor housing. 7. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the driving linkage has a fixed longitudinal length. 8. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the driving assembly is reconfigurable between the stored position in which the handle is recessed against a portion of the surface cleaning apparatus and an operable position in which the handle has been rotated away from the portion of the surface cleaning apparatus and the driving assembly is operable to longitudinally translate the moveable member through at least a portion of the chamber 9. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 8 wherein, in the stored position, the handle abuts the portion of the surface cleaning apparatus. 10. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 8 wherein the driving linkage comprises a longitudinally extending drive rod having a drive rod axis and the handle is rotatable about the drive rod axis. 11. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 8 further comprising a stop member operably engageable with the driving assembly to inhibit the handle rotating away from the stored position. 12. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the driving linkage comprises an extendable member wherein, in the stored position, the extendable member is in a contracted configuration and, in the operable position, the extendable member is in an extended configuration in which the handle is operable to longitudinally translate the moveable member through at least a portion of the chamber. 13. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 12 wherein the driving linkage is drivingly connected to the moveable member when the extendable member is in the contracted configuration. 14. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 12 wherein the extendable member comprises a telescoping drive rod. 15. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the moveable member is moveable from an operating position in which the moveable member is positioned towards the second end and a cleaned position in which the moveable member is translated longitudinally away from the second end. 16. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 15 wherein in the cleaned position, at least a portion of the moveable member is exterior of the air treatment chamber. 17. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the moveable member comprises the cleaning member and the cleaning member is moveable from an operating position in which the cleaning member abuts the second end and a cleaned position in which the moveable member is translated longitudinally away from the second end. 18. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the cleaning member comprises an annular member. 19. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the air treatment member comprises a cyclone having a centrally positioned cyclone axis of rotation. | A surface cleaning apparatus comprises an air treatment member having an air treatment chamber. A moveable member is positioned in the air treatment chamber. A driving assembly is drivingly connected to the moveable member wherein the driving assembly is operable between a stored position is which the surface cleaning apparatus is operable to clean a surface and a cleaned position in which the moveable member has been translated through at least a portion of the chamber, wherein, in the stored position, a portion of the driving assembly is longitudinally spaced from the first and second axially spaced apart ends of the air treatment chamber.1. A surface cleaning apparatus comprising:
(a) an air flow path extending from a dirty air inlet to a clean air outlet; (b) a first air treatment member having an air treatment chamber positioned in the air flow path, the air treatment chamber comprising an air treatment chamber air inlet, an air treatment chamber air outlet, an openable first end, a longitudinally spaced apart second end having the air treatment chamber air outlet and a longitudinally extending sidewall, wherein the air treatment chamber air outlet comprises a longitudinally extending porous member having a longitudinally extending porous sidewall; (c) a suction motor positioned in the air flow path upstream of the clean air outlet; (d) a moveable member positioned in the air treatment chamber, the moveable member comprising at least one of the porous member and a cleaning member positioned in the air treatment chamber between the sidewall of the air treatment chamber and the porous sidewall; and, (e) a driving assembly comprising a handle and a driving linkage wherein the driving assembly is operable between a stored position is which the surface cleaning apparatus is operable to clean a surface and a cleaned position in which the moveable member has been translated through at least a portion of the chamber, wherein, in the stored position, a portion of the driving assembly comprising the handle is longitudinally spaced from the first and second ends of the air treatment chamber. 2. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the driving linkage comprises a drive rod and, in the stored position, at least a portion of the drive rod extends along another portion of the surface cleaning apparatus. 3. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 2 wherein the another portion of the surface cleaning apparatus comprising a dirt collection chamber exterior to the air treatment chamber, the air treatment chamber further comprises a dirt outlet in communication with the dirt collection chamber and the portion of the drive rod is coextensive with a portion of the dirt collection chamber that is longitudinally spaced from the first and second ends of the air treatment chamber. 4. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 2 further comprising a second stage air treatment member downstream from the first air treatment member and the another portion of the surface cleaning apparatus comprises the second stage air treatment member. 5. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 2 wherein the first air treatment member is a first cyclonic stage and the surface cleaning apparatus further comprises a second cyclonic stage downstream from the first cyclonic stage and the another portion of the surface cleaning apparatus comprises the second cyclonic stage. 6. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 2 further comprising a suction motor housing and the another portion of the surface cleaning apparatus comprises the suction motor housing. 7. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the driving linkage has a fixed longitudinal length. 8. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the driving assembly is reconfigurable between the stored position in which the handle is recessed against a portion of the surface cleaning apparatus and an operable position in which the handle has been rotated away from the portion of the surface cleaning apparatus and the driving assembly is operable to longitudinally translate the moveable member through at least a portion of the chamber 9. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 8 wherein, in the stored position, the handle abuts the portion of the surface cleaning apparatus. 10. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 8 wherein the driving linkage comprises a longitudinally extending drive rod having a drive rod axis and the handle is rotatable about the drive rod axis. 11. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 8 further comprising a stop member operably engageable with the driving assembly to inhibit the handle rotating away from the stored position. 12. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the driving linkage comprises an extendable member wherein, in the stored position, the extendable member is in a contracted configuration and, in the operable position, the extendable member is in an extended configuration in which the handle is operable to longitudinally translate the moveable member through at least a portion of the chamber. 13. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 12 wherein the driving linkage is drivingly connected to the moveable member when the extendable member is in the contracted configuration. 14. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 12 wherein the extendable member comprises a telescoping drive rod. 15. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the moveable member is moveable from an operating position in which the moveable member is positioned towards the second end and a cleaned position in which the moveable member is translated longitudinally away from the second end. 16. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 15 wherein in the cleaned position, at least a portion of the moveable member is exterior of the air treatment chamber. 17. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the moveable member comprises the cleaning member and the cleaning member is moveable from an operating position in which the cleaning member abuts the second end and a cleaned position in which the moveable member is translated longitudinally away from the second end. 18. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the cleaning member comprises an annular member. 19. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the air treatment member comprises a cyclone having a centrally positioned cyclone axis of rotation. | 2,600 |
349,277 | 16,806,840 | 2,699 | A towel set includes a towel holder and a plurality of towels stacked on one another. Each towel includes an opening, and the towel holder projects through the openings of the towels. | 1. A towel set comprising:
a towel holder; and a plurality of towels stacked on one another, wherein each towel comprises an opening, wherein the towel holder projects through the openings of the towels. 2. The towel set according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of towels comprise a plurality of double-layered towels. 3. The towel set according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of towels comprise a plurality of single-layered towels. 4. The towel set according to claim 1, further including a shroud extending around at least a portion of the plurality of stacked towels. 5. The towel set according to claim 1, wherein the towel holder is hinged. 6. The towel set according to claim 1, wherein the towel holder is height adjustable. 7. The towel set according to claim 1, wherein the towel holder comprises a suctioning device. 8. A towel set comprising:
a plurality of stacked towels, wherein each towel comprises an opening, the openings configured to receive an elongated member. 9. The towel set according to claim 8 further, wherein the openings are axially aligned. 10. The towel set according to claim 8, wherein the openings define a geometry selected from the group consisting of round, slit, and buttonhole. 11. The towel set according to claim 10, wherein the openings are located at a central portion of the towel. 12. The towel set according to claim 10, wherein the openings are located at a position off-center of the central portion. 13. The towel set according to claim 8, wherein the towels define a geometry selected from the group consisting of round, square, and polygonal. 14. The towel set according to claim 8, further including a shroud extending around at least a portion of the plurality of stacked towels. 15. The towel set according to claim 8 further comprising a towel holder, the towel holder comprising a base and the elongated member secured to the base, wherein the plurality of stacked towels rest on the base. 16. The towel set according to claim 8, further including a shroud in sealing contact with a base for retaining used towels. 17. A towel set comprising:
a towel holder comprising a base and an elongated member secured to the base; and a plurality of towels stacked on one another, each towel comprising an opening, wherein the elongated member projects through the openings of the towels. 18. The towel set according to claim 17, further including a shroud extending around at least a portion of the towel set. 19. The towel set according to claim 17, wherein the elongated member is curvilinear. 20. The towel set according to claim 17, wherein a width of the elongated member is adapted to the openings of the towels. | A towel set includes a towel holder and a plurality of towels stacked on one another. Each towel includes an opening, and the towel holder projects through the openings of the towels.1. A towel set comprising:
a towel holder; and a plurality of towels stacked on one another, wherein each towel comprises an opening, wherein the towel holder projects through the openings of the towels. 2. The towel set according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of towels comprise a plurality of double-layered towels. 3. The towel set according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of towels comprise a plurality of single-layered towels. 4. The towel set according to claim 1, further including a shroud extending around at least a portion of the plurality of stacked towels. 5. The towel set according to claim 1, wherein the towel holder is hinged. 6. The towel set according to claim 1, wherein the towel holder is height adjustable. 7. The towel set according to claim 1, wherein the towel holder comprises a suctioning device. 8. A towel set comprising:
a plurality of stacked towels, wherein each towel comprises an opening, the openings configured to receive an elongated member. 9. The towel set according to claim 8 further, wherein the openings are axially aligned. 10. The towel set according to claim 8, wherein the openings define a geometry selected from the group consisting of round, slit, and buttonhole. 11. The towel set according to claim 10, wherein the openings are located at a central portion of the towel. 12. The towel set according to claim 10, wherein the openings are located at a position off-center of the central portion. 13. The towel set according to claim 8, wherein the towels define a geometry selected from the group consisting of round, square, and polygonal. 14. The towel set according to claim 8, further including a shroud extending around at least a portion of the plurality of stacked towels. 15. The towel set according to claim 8 further comprising a towel holder, the towel holder comprising a base and the elongated member secured to the base, wherein the plurality of stacked towels rest on the base. 16. The towel set according to claim 8, further including a shroud in sealing contact with a base for retaining used towels. 17. A towel set comprising:
a towel holder comprising a base and an elongated member secured to the base; and a plurality of towels stacked on one another, each towel comprising an opening, wherein the elongated member projects through the openings of the towels. 18. The towel set according to claim 17, further including a shroud extending around at least a portion of the towel set. 19. The towel set according to claim 17, wherein the elongated member is curvilinear. 20. The towel set according to claim 17, wherein a width of the elongated member is adapted to the openings of the towels. | 2,600 |
349,278 | 16,806,855 | 3,711 | Embodiments of golf club heads with enclosed weight members are described herein. In many embodiments, the club head comprises a body having a front end, a back end, a heel end, a toe end, a top rail, and a sole; the body further including a front body defining the front end; a rear body coupled to the front body, wherein the rear body is formed of a second material having a second density; a plurality of weight receptacles defined in one or both of the front body and the rear body and one or more weight members received into the weight receptacles, the one or more weight members being formed of a third material having a third density; and wherein the one or more weight members are fully enclosed between the front body and the rear body. | 1. A golf club head comprising:
a body having a front end, a back end opposite the front end, a heel end, a toe end opposite the heel end, a top rail, and a sole opposite the top rail; the body further including a front body defining the front end and portions of the heel end, the toe end, the top rail, and the sole; the front body being formed of a first material having a first density; a rear body coupled to the front body; the rear body defining the back end and portions of the heel end, the toe end, the top rail, and the sole, and the rear body being formed of a second material having a second density; a plurality of weight receptacles defined in one or both of the front body and the rear body; one or more weight members received into the weight receptacles, the one or more weight members being formed of a third material having a third density; and wherein the one or more weight members are fully enclosed between the front body and the rear body; and wherein the first density is greater than the second density, and the third density is greater than the first density. 2. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the front body includes a first mating surface, and the rear body includes a second mating surface that mates with the first mating surface to join the rear body to the front body, and wherein a receptacle bank protrudes away from one of the first mating surface and the second mating surface, and wherein the weight receptacles are defined within the receptacle bank. 3. The golf club head of claim 2, wherein the receptacle bank comprises a first receptacle bank located proximate the heel and a second receptacle bank located proximate the toe end, the first and second receptacle banks extending generally lengthwise between the front end and the back end. 4. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the first density is greater than the second density. 5. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the first density is at least 25% greater than the second density. 6. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the first density is at least 75% greater than the second density. 7. A golf club head comprising:
a front body including a strikeface and a first mating surface opposite the strikeface; a rear body having a second mating surface that mates with the first mating surface to couple the rear body to the front body; the front and rear bodies cooperating to define a top rail and a sole opposite the top rail; one or more weight receptacles defined in the first mating surface; one or more weight members received into the one or more weight receptacles and fully enclosed between the front and rear bodies; and wherein the first mating surface is divided into a substantially planar upper first mating surface extending closer to the top rail, and a substantially planar lower first mating surface extending closer to the sole and oriented at an angle relative to the upper first mating surface, wherein the weight receptacles are defined in the lower first mating surface. 8. The golf club head of claim 7, wherein the upper first mating surface extends generally parallel to the strikeface. 9. The golf club head of claim 7, wherein the angle is between 60 and 175 degrees. 10. The golf club head of claim 7, wherein each weight receptacle receives a respective weight member. 11. The golf club head of claim 7, wherein the portion of the rear body that forms a portion of the sole surface at least 10% of the sole surface. 12. The golf club head of claim 7, wherein the portion of the rear body that forms a portion of the sole surface forms at least 20% of the sole surface. 13. The golf club head of claim 7, wherein the portion of the rear body that forms a portion of the sole surface forms at least 30% of the sole surface. 14. The golf club head of claim 7, wherein the density of the front body is greater than the density of the rear body. 15. The golf club head of claim 7, wherein the density of the front body is at least 25% greater than the density of the rear body. 16. The golf club head of claim 7, wherein the density of the front body is at least 75% greater than the density of the rear body. 17. The golf club head of claim 7, wherein the golf club head is devoid of a cavity. 18. A system of golf club heads comprising:
a first golf club head including a first front body, a first rear body joined to the first front body, and one or more first weight members enclosed between the first front body and the first rear body, the first front body and the first rear body cooperating to define a first sole surface of the first golf club head, the first rear body defining a first sole surface portion of the first sole surface; a second golf club head including a second front body identical to the first front body, a second rear body joined to the second front body, and one or more second weight members enclosed between the second front body and the second rear body, the second front body and the second rear body cooperating to define a second sole surface of the second golf club head, the second rear body defining a second sole surface portion of the second sole surface; and wherein the second sole surface portion has a larger area than the first sole surface portion. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein each of the first and second front bodies are formed of a first material, and each of the first and second rear bodies are formed of a second material different than the first material. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein each of the first and second front bodies includes weight receptacles that receive the respective first weight members and second weight members. | Embodiments of golf club heads with enclosed weight members are described herein. In many embodiments, the club head comprises a body having a front end, a back end, a heel end, a toe end, a top rail, and a sole; the body further including a front body defining the front end; a rear body coupled to the front body, wherein the rear body is formed of a second material having a second density; a plurality of weight receptacles defined in one or both of the front body and the rear body and one or more weight members received into the weight receptacles, the one or more weight members being formed of a third material having a third density; and wherein the one or more weight members are fully enclosed between the front body and the rear body.1. A golf club head comprising:
a body having a front end, a back end opposite the front end, a heel end, a toe end opposite the heel end, a top rail, and a sole opposite the top rail; the body further including a front body defining the front end and portions of the heel end, the toe end, the top rail, and the sole; the front body being formed of a first material having a first density; a rear body coupled to the front body; the rear body defining the back end and portions of the heel end, the toe end, the top rail, and the sole, and the rear body being formed of a second material having a second density; a plurality of weight receptacles defined in one or both of the front body and the rear body; one or more weight members received into the weight receptacles, the one or more weight members being formed of a third material having a third density; and wherein the one or more weight members are fully enclosed between the front body and the rear body; and wherein the first density is greater than the second density, and the third density is greater than the first density. 2. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the front body includes a first mating surface, and the rear body includes a second mating surface that mates with the first mating surface to join the rear body to the front body, and wherein a receptacle bank protrudes away from one of the first mating surface and the second mating surface, and wherein the weight receptacles are defined within the receptacle bank. 3. The golf club head of claim 2, wherein the receptacle bank comprises a first receptacle bank located proximate the heel and a second receptacle bank located proximate the toe end, the first and second receptacle banks extending generally lengthwise between the front end and the back end. 4. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the first density is greater than the second density. 5. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the first density is at least 25% greater than the second density. 6. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the first density is at least 75% greater than the second density. 7. A golf club head comprising:
a front body including a strikeface and a first mating surface opposite the strikeface; a rear body having a second mating surface that mates with the first mating surface to couple the rear body to the front body; the front and rear bodies cooperating to define a top rail and a sole opposite the top rail; one or more weight receptacles defined in the first mating surface; one or more weight members received into the one or more weight receptacles and fully enclosed between the front and rear bodies; and wherein the first mating surface is divided into a substantially planar upper first mating surface extending closer to the top rail, and a substantially planar lower first mating surface extending closer to the sole and oriented at an angle relative to the upper first mating surface, wherein the weight receptacles are defined in the lower first mating surface. 8. The golf club head of claim 7, wherein the upper first mating surface extends generally parallel to the strikeface. 9. The golf club head of claim 7, wherein the angle is between 60 and 175 degrees. 10. The golf club head of claim 7, wherein each weight receptacle receives a respective weight member. 11. The golf club head of claim 7, wherein the portion of the rear body that forms a portion of the sole surface at least 10% of the sole surface. 12. The golf club head of claim 7, wherein the portion of the rear body that forms a portion of the sole surface forms at least 20% of the sole surface. 13. The golf club head of claim 7, wherein the portion of the rear body that forms a portion of the sole surface forms at least 30% of the sole surface. 14. The golf club head of claim 7, wherein the density of the front body is greater than the density of the rear body. 15. The golf club head of claim 7, wherein the density of the front body is at least 25% greater than the density of the rear body. 16. The golf club head of claim 7, wherein the density of the front body is at least 75% greater than the density of the rear body. 17. The golf club head of claim 7, wherein the golf club head is devoid of a cavity. 18. A system of golf club heads comprising:
a first golf club head including a first front body, a first rear body joined to the first front body, and one or more first weight members enclosed between the first front body and the first rear body, the first front body and the first rear body cooperating to define a first sole surface of the first golf club head, the first rear body defining a first sole surface portion of the first sole surface; a second golf club head including a second front body identical to the first front body, a second rear body joined to the second front body, and one or more second weight members enclosed between the second front body and the second rear body, the second front body and the second rear body cooperating to define a second sole surface of the second golf club head, the second rear body defining a second sole surface portion of the second sole surface; and wherein the second sole surface portion has a larger area than the first sole surface portion. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein each of the first and second front bodies are formed of a first material, and each of the first and second rear bodies are formed of a second material different than the first material. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein each of the first and second front bodies includes weight receptacles that receive the respective first weight members and second weight members. | 3,700 |
349,279 | 16,806,811 | 3,711 | Methods and apparatus for multi-destination wireless transmissions as disclosed. An example multi-destination transmitter includes a direction determiner to determine directions for wireless transmission of data to destination devices and a transmission handler to: select a subset of the destination devices that are associated with different ones of a plurality of antennas as indicated by the directions determined by the direction determiner; and transmit the data to the subset of the destination devices via the plurality of antennas. | 1. A multi-destination transmitter comprising:
a direction determiner to determine directions for wireless transmission of data to destination devices; and a transmission handler to:
select a subset of the destination devices that are associated with different ones of at least one of a plurality of antennas or a plurality of antenna sectors of the plurality of antennas as indicated by the directions determined by the direction determiner; and
transmit the data to the subset of the destination devices via the plurality of antennas. | Methods and apparatus for multi-destination wireless transmissions as disclosed. An example multi-destination transmitter includes a direction determiner to determine directions for wireless transmission of data to destination devices and a transmission handler to: select a subset of the destination devices that are associated with different ones of a plurality of antennas as indicated by the directions determined by the direction determiner; and transmit the data to the subset of the destination devices via the plurality of antennas.1. A multi-destination transmitter comprising:
a direction determiner to determine directions for wireless transmission of data to destination devices; and a transmission handler to:
select a subset of the destination devices that are associated with different ones of at least one of a plurality of antennas or a plurality of antenna sectors of the plurality of antennas as indicated by the directions determined by the direction determiner; and
transmit the data to the subset of the destination devices via the plurality of antennas. | 3,700 |
349,280 | 16,806,849 | 3,711 | Systems, methods, and apparatuses are disclosed for nitrile rubber material for use with consumer electronic devices. In one embodiment, an example rubber component for a device may include acrylonitrile butadiene rubber having a weight percentage of between about 50% to about 75%, a solid filler having a weight percentage of between about 10% to about 40%, a liquid filler having a weight percentage of between about 0.5% to about 20%, a first process aid having a weight percentage of between about 1% to about 3%, and a cross-linking agent having a weight percentage of up to 2%. | 1. A foot for an electronic device, the foot formed of a material comprising:
acrylonitrile butadiene rubber having a weight percentage of between about 55% to about 60%; carbon black material having a weight percentage of between about 20% to about 25%; oil having a weight percentage of between about 10% to about 15%; zinc oxide having a weight percentage of between about 2% to about 3%; stearic acid having a weight percentage of up to 1%; a cross-linking agent having a weight percentage of up to 1%; and an accelerator having a weight percentage of about 1% and about 2%. 2. The foot of claim 1, wherein the foot comprises:
a first portion having a first surface roughness; and a second portion having a second surface roughness that is greater than the first surface roughness. 3. The foot of claim 2, wherein the material has a durometer of between about Shore 40A and about Shore 70A. 4. The foot of claim 1, wherein the cross-linking agent comprises 80% sulfur, and the accelerator is tetramethylthiuram disulfide; and
wherein the weight percentage of the carbon black material corresponds to a color of the foot, and the weight percentage of the oil corresponds to a hardness of the rubber foot. 5. A material comprising:
acrylonitrile butadiene rubber having a weight percentage of between about 50% to about 75%; a solid filler having a weight percentage of between about 10% to about 40%; a liquid filler having a weight percentage of between about 0.5% to about 20%; a first process aid having a weight percentage of between about 1% to about 3%; and a cross-linking agent having a weight percentage of up to 2%. 6. The material of claim 5, wherein the solid filler is a carbon black material, and the liquid filler is oil, and wherein the weight percentage of the carbon black material corresponds to a color of the material, and the weight percentage of the oil corresponds to a hardness of the material. 7. The material of claim 5, further comprising:
an accelerator having a weight percentage of about 0.2% and about 2%. 8. The material of claim 7, wherein the cross-linking agent comprises 80% sulfur, and the accelerator comprises tetramethylthiuram disulfide. 9. The material of claim 5, further comprising:
a first portion having a first surface roughness; and a second portion having a second surface roughness that is greater than the first surface roughness. 10. The material of claim 8, wherein the first portion comprises text or artwork. 11. The material of claim 5, wherein the material has a durometer of between about Shore 25A and about Shore 75A. 12. The material of claim 5, further comprising:
a second process aid having a weight percentage of up to 2%. 13. The material of claim 12, wherein the first process aid is zinc oxide, and the second process aid is stearic acid. 14. The material of claim 5, wherein the material has a shrinkage factor of about 2%. 15. The material of claim 5, wherein the material is coupled to a housing of an electronic device. 16. A device comprising:
a housing; a processor disposed within the housing; a network interface coupled to the processor; a rubber material coupled to the housing, the rubber material comprising:
acrylonitrile butadiene rubber having a weight percentage of between about 50% to about 75%;
a dark colored solid filler having a weight percentage of between about 10% to about 40%;
an oil having a weight percentage of between about 0.5% to about 20%; and
a cross-linking agent having a weight percentage of up to 1%. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the rubber material further comprises:
a first process aid having a weight percentage of between about 1% to about 3%; and a second process aid having a weight percentage of up to 2%. 18. The device of claim 16, wherein the rubber material has a durometer of about Shore 60A. 19. The device of claim 16, wherein the rubber material further comprises:
a first portion having a first surface roughness; and a second portion having a second surface roughness that is greater than the first surface roughness. 20. The device of claim 16, wherein the rubber material further comprises:
an accelerator having a weight percentage of about 0.2% and about 2%, and wherein the cross-linking agent comprises 80% sulfur, and the accelerator comprises tetramethylthiuram disulfide. | Systems, methods, and apparatuses are disclosed for nitrile rubber material for use with consumer electronic devices. In one embodiment, an example rubber component for a device may include acrylonitrile butadiene rubber having a weight percentage of between about 50% to about 75%, a solid filler having a weight percentage of between about 10% to about 40%, a liquid filler having a weight percentage of between about 0.5% to about 20%, a first process aid having a weight percentage of between about 1% to about 3%, and a cross-linking agent having a weight percentage of up to 2%.1. A foot for an electronic device, the foot formed of a material comprising:
acrylonitrile butadiene rubber having a weight percentage of between about 55% to about 60%; carbon black material having a weight percentage of between about 20% to about 25%; oil having a weight percentage of between about 10% to about 15%; zinc oxide having a weight percentage of between about 2% to about 3%; stearic acid having a weight percentage of up to 1%; a cross-linking agent having a weight percentage of up to 1%; and an accelerator having a weight percentage of about 1% and about 2%. 2. The foot of claim 1, wherein the foot comprises:
a first portion having a first surface roughness; and a second portion having a second surface roughness that is greater than the first surface roughness. 3. The foot of claim 2, wherein the material has a durometer of between about Shore 40A and about Shore 70A. 4. The foot of claim 1, wherein the cross-linking agent comprises 80% sulfur, and the accelerator is tetramethylthiuram disulfide; and
wherein the weight percentage of the carbon black material corresponds to a color of the foot, and the weight percentage of the oil corresponds to a hardness of the rubber foot. 5. A material comprising:
acrylonitrile butadiene rubber having a weight percentage of between about 50% to about 75%; a solid filler having a weight percentage of between about 10% to about 40%; a liquid filler having a weight percentage of between about 0.5% to about 20%; a first process aid having a weight percentage of between about 1% to about 3%; and a cross-linking agent having a weight percentage of up to 2%. 6. The material of claim 5, wherein the solid filler is a carbon black material, and the liquid filler is oil, and wherein the weight percentage of the carbon black material corresponds to a color of the material, and the weight percentage of the oil corresponds to a hardness of the material. 7. The material of claim 5, further comprising:
an accelerator having a weight percentage of about 0.2% and about 2%. 8. The material of claim 7, wherein the cross-linking agent comprises 80% sulfur, and the accelerator comprises tetramethylthiuram disulfide. 9. The material of claim 5, further comprising:
a first portion having a first surface roughness; and a second portion having a second surface roughness that is greater than the first surface roughness. 10. The material of claim 8, wherein the first portion comprises text or artwork. 11. The material of claim 5, wherein the material has a durometer of between about Shore 25A and about Shore 75A. 12. The material of claim 5, further comprising:
a second process aid having a weight percentage of up to 2%. 13. The material of claim 12, wherein the first process aid is zinc oxide, and the second process aid is stearic acid. 14. The material of claim 5, wherein the material has a shrinkage factor of about 2%. 15. The material of claim 5, wherein the material is coupled to a housing of an electronic device. 16. A device comprising:
a housing; a processor disposed within the housing; a network interface coupled to the processor; a rubber material coupled to the housing, the rubber material comprising:
acrylonitrile butadiene rubber having a weight percentage of between about 50% to about 75%;
a dark colored solid filler having a weight percentage of between about 10% to about 40%;
an oil having a weight percentage of between about 0.5% to about 20%; and
a cross-linking agent having a weight percentage of up to 1%. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the rubber material further comprises:
a first process aid having a weight percentage of between about 1% to about 3%; and a second process aid having a weight percentage of up to 2%. 18. The device of claim 16, wherein the rubber material has a durometer of about Shore 60A. 19. The device of claim 16, wherein the rubber material further comprises:
a first portion having a first surface roughness; and a second portion having a second surface roughness that is greater than the first surface roughness. 20. The device of claim 16, wherein the rubber material further comprises:
an accelerator having a weight percentage of about 0.2% and about 2%, and wherein the cross-linking agent comprises 80% sulfur, and the accelerator comprises tetramethylthiuram disulfide. | 3,700 |
349,281 | 16,806,845 | 3,711 | A robot waist skeleton includes: a swing waist effector; a first bracket, one end of which is connected to an output end of the swing waist effector; a bend waist effector, a case of which is connected to the other end of the first bracket; a second bracket, one end of which is connected to the case of the swing waist effector; a rotate waist effector, an output end of which is connected to the other end of the second bracket; and a third bracket, one end of which is connected to a case of the swing waist effector. | 1. A robot waist skeleton, comprising:
a swing waist effector; a first bracket, one end of which is connected to an output end of the swing waist effector; a bend waist effector, a case of which is connected to the other end of the first bracket; a second bracket, one end of which is connected to the case of the swing waist effector; a rotate waist effector, an output end of which is connected to the other end of the second bracket; and a third bracket, one end of which is connected to a case of the swing waist effector. 2. The robot waist skeleton according to claim 1, wherein
the first bracket comprises: a first stand plate and a second stand plate; wherein one end of the first stand plate is rotatably connected to a case of the swing waist effector, and the other end of the first stand plate is connected to the case of the bend waist effector; and one end of the second stand plate is connected to the output end of the swing waist effector, and the other end of the second stand plate is connected to the case of the bend waist effector. 3. The robot waist skeleton according to claim 2, wherein
the robot waist skeleton comprises a first bearing; the case of the swing waist effector is provided with a first boss, the first boss and the output end of the swing waist effector being oppositely disposed; and one end of the first stand plate is provided with a first through hole, the first bearing being fixed into the first through hole, and the first boss being sleeved onto the interior of the first bearing. 4. The robot waist skeleton according to claim 2, wherein
the case of the bend waist effector is provided with a first planar portion and a second planar portion, the first planar portion and the second planar portion being oppositely disposed, the other end of the first stand plate being fixed to the first planar portion, and the other end of the second stand plate being fixed to the second planar portion. 5. The robot waist skeleton according to claim 1, wherein
the second bracket comprises: a first connecting block, a third stand plate, and a fourth stand plate; wherein one end of the third stand plate and one end of the fourth stand plate are respectively fixed to two opposite sides of the first connecting block, the other end of the third stand plate is rotatably connected to the case of the bend waist effector, the other end of the fourth stand plate is connected to an output end of the bend waist effector, and the first connecting block is connected to the output end of the rotate waist effector. 6. The robot waist skeleton according to claim 5, wherein
the robot waist skeleton comprises a second bearing; the case of the bend waist effector is provided with a second boss, the second boss and the output end of the bend waist effector being oppositely disposed; and the other end of the third stand plate is provided with a second through hole, the second bearing being fixed into the second through hole, and the second boss being sleeved onto the interior of the second bearing. 7. The robot waist skeleton according to claim 5, wherein
the first connecting block is provided with a third through hole, and the output end of the rotate waist effector is provided with a third boss, the third boss being inserted into the third through hole, and the third boss being fixed to the first connecting block. 8. The robot waist skeleton according to claim 1, wherein
the third bracket comprises a stand post, the stand post being a hollow tubular structure; and the case of the rotate waist effector is provided with a fourth boss, the fourth boss is inserted into one end of the stand post, and the fourth boss being fixed to the stand post. 9. The robot waist skeleton according to claim 1, wherein
the swing waist effector is a parallel effector, and the bend waist effector and the rotate waist effector are both coaxial effectors. 10. A robot, comprising the robot waist skeleton as defined in claim 1. | A robot waist skeleton includes: a swing waist effector; a first bracket, one end of which is connected to an output end of the swing waist effector; a bend waist effector, a case of which is connected to the other end of the first bracket; a second bracket, one end of which is connected to the case of the swing waist effector; a rotate waist effector, an output end of which is connected to the other end of the second bracket; and a third bracket, one end of which is connected to a case of the swing waist effector.1. A robot waist skeleton, comprising:
a swing waist effector; a first bracket, one end of which is connected to an output end of the swing waist effector; a bend waist effector, a case of which is connected to the other end of the first bracket; a second bracket, one end of which is connected to the case of the swing waist effector; a rotate waist effector, an output end of which is connected to the other end of the second bracket; and a third bracket, one end of which is connected to a case of the swing waist effector. 2. The robot waist skeleton according to claim 1, wherein
the first bracket comprises: a first stand plate and a second stand plate; wherein one end of the first stand plate is rotatably connected to a case of the swing waist effector, and the other end of the first stand plate is connected to the case of the bend waist effector; and one end of the second stand plate is connected to the output end of the swing waist effector, and the other end of the second stand plate is connected to the case of the bend waist effector. 3. The robot waist skeleton according to claim 2, wherein
the robot waist skeleton comprises a first bearing; the case of the swing waist effector is provided with a first boss, the first boss and the output end of the swing waist effector being oppositely disposed; and one end of the first stand plate is provided with a first through hole, the first bearing being fixed into the first through hole, and the first boss being sleeved onto the interior of the first bearing. 4. The robot waist skeleton according to claim 2, wherein
the case of the bend waist effector is provided with a first planar portion and a second planar portion, the first planar portion and the second planar portion being oppositely disposed, the other end of the first stand plate being fixed to the first planar portion, and the other end of the second stand plate being fixed to the second planar portion. 5. The robot waist skeleton according to claim 1, wherein
the second bracket comprises: a first connecting block, a third stand plate, and a fourth stand plate; wherein one end of the third stand plate and one end of the fourth stand plate are respectively fixed to two opposite sides of the first connecting block, the other end of the third stand plate is rotatably connected to the case of the bend waist effector, the other end of the fourth stand plate is connected to an output end of the bend waist effector, and the first connecting block is connected to the output end of the rotate waist effector. 6. The robot waist skeleton according to claim 5, wherein
the robot waist skeleton comprises a second bearing; the case of the bend waist effector is provided with a second boss, the second boss and the output end of the bend waist effector being oppositely disposed; and the other end of the third stand plate is provided with a second through hole, the second bearing being fixed into the second through hole, and the second boss being sleeved onto the interior of the second bearing. 7. The robot waist skeleton according to claim 5, wherein
the first connecting block is provided with a third through hole, and the output end of the rotate waist effector is provided with a third boss, the third boss being inserted into the third through hole, and the third boss being fixed to the first connecting block. 8. The robot waist skeleton according to claim 1, wherein
the third bracket comprises a stand post, the stand post being a hollow tubular structure; and the case of the rotate waist effector is provided with a fourth boss, the fourth boss is inserted into one end of the stand post, and the fourth boss being fixed to the stand post. 9. The robot waist skeleton according to claim 1, wherein
the swing waist effector is a parallel effector, and the bend waist effector and the rotate waist effector are both coaxial effectors. 10. A robot, comprising the robot waist skeleton as defined in claim 1. | 3,700 |
349,282 | 16,806,837 | 3,711 | A processing system including at least one processor may obtain traffic measurements for end-to-end paths in a telecommunication network, calculate traffic estimates for the end-to-end paths in future time periods based on the traffic measurements in accordance with at least one machine learning model, calculate traffic estimates for primary paths in the telecommunication network based upon the traffic estimates for the end-to-end paths, compute a backup path configuration for a primary path of the telecommunication network for the future time periods based upon the traffic estimates for the primary paths in the future time periods, detect a change in the backup path configuration for the primary path in a future time period based upon the computing, and adjust a backup path in accordance with the backup path configuration when the change in the backup path configuration is detected. | 1. A method comprising:
calculating in accordance with at least one machine learning model, by a processing system including at least one processor, traffic estimates for a plurality of end-to-end paths in at least one future time period using a plurality of traffic measurements for the plurality of end-to-end paths in a telecommunication network; calculating, by the processing system, at least one traffic estimate for a plurality of primary paths in the telecommunication network based upon the traffic estimates for the plurality of end-to-end paths; computing, by the processing system, at least one backup path configuration for at least one primary path of the telecommunication network for the at least one future time period based upon the at least one traffic estimate for the plurality of primary paths in the at least one future time period; detecting, by the processing system, a change in the at least one backup path configuration for the at least one primary path in a future time period of the at least one future time period based upon the computing; and adjusting, by the processing system, at least one backup path in accordance with the at least one backup path configuration when the change in the at least one backup path configuration is detected. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the adjusting is performed at a designated time in advance of the future time period. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of primary paths comprises:
a link between adjacent nodes in the telecommunication network; or a node, and two links connected to the node in the telecommunication network. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of end-to-end paths comprises a multiprotocol label switching tunnel. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the calculating the traffic estimates for the plurality of end-to-end paths further comprises:
computing an end-to-end path traffic matrix having rows and columns corresponding to nodes in the telecommunication network, wherein each entry of a plurality of entries in the end-to-end path traffic matrix represents a traffic estimate for one of the plurality of end-to-end paths comprising a path between two of the nodes in the telecommunication network. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the calculating the at least one traffic estimate for the plurality of primary paths further comprises:
computing a primary path traffic vector having rows and columns corresponding to a subset of the nodes in the telecommunication network, wherein each entry of a plurality of entries in the primary path traffic vector represents a traffic estimate for one of the plurality of primary paths in the telecommunication network. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the primary path traffic vector is computed from the end-to-end path traffic matrix in accordance with a routing engine mapping of the plurality of end-to-end paths in the telecommunication network, wherein the at least one backup path configuration is computed based upon the primary path traffic vector comprising the at least one traffic estimate for the plurality of primary paths at the future time period. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one machine learning model comprises a plurality of nonlinear autoregressive models, wherein the traffic estimates for the plurality of end-to-end paths are calculated in accordance with the plurality of nonlinear autoregressive models. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the plurality of nonlinear autoregressive models comprises Gaussian process regression models. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of traffic measurements is used as training data to train the plurality of nonlinear autoregressive models. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein each of the plurality of nonlinear autoregressive models is associated with a respective one of the plurality of end-to-end paths, and wherein each of the plurality of nonlinear autoregressive models is separately trained from at least a portion of the plurality of traffic measurements that is obtained for the respective one of the plurality of end-to-end paths. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein each of the plurality of nonlinear autoregressive models generates a traffic estimate for one of the plurality of end-to-end paths for the future time period in accordance with a function of traffic measurements of the plurality of traffic measurements from the one of the plurality of end-to-end paths from a plurality of previous time periods. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein each of the plurality of nonlinear autoregressive models generates the traffic estimate for the one of the plurality of end-to-end paths for the future time period in further accordance with a linear trend factor. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein for each of the plurality of nonlinear autoregressive models, a previous time period of the plurality of previous time periods is selected for inclusion in the plurality of previous time periods when a partial autocorrelation associated with the previous time period exceeds a threshold. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the threshold is dependent upon a time lag between a reference time period and the previous time period, wherein the threshold is increased for a longer time lag and is decreased for a shorter time lag, wherein the reference time period comprises a most recent time period for which the plurality of traffic measurements is obtained. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the adjusting the at least one backup path comprises:
providing an additional capacity to an existing set of resources for the at least one backup path; or changing the existing set of resources for the at least one backup path to a different set of resources. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the changing the existing set of resources for the at least one backup path to the different set of resources comprises:
assigning the at least one backup path to at least one different link or at least one different node of the telecommunication network that is not in the existing set of resources. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the changing the existing set of resources for the at least one backup path to the different set of resources further comprises:
activating the at least one different link in the telecommunication network via at least one of:
at least one reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer; or
at least one fiber cross-connect. 19. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions which, when executed by a processing system including at least one processor, cause the processing system to perform operations, the operations comprising:
calculating in accordance with at least one machine learning model, traffic estimates for a plurality of end-to-end paths in at least one future time period using a plurality of traffic measurements for the plurality of end-to-end paths in a telecommunication network; calculating at least one traffic estimate for a plurality of primary paths in the telecommunication network based upon the traffic estimates for the plurality of end-to-end paths; computing at least one backup path configuration for at least one primary path of the telecommunication network for the at least one future time period based upon the at least one traffic estimate for the plurality of primary paths in the at least one future time period; detecting a change in the at least one backup path configuration for the at least one primary path in a future time period of the at least one future time period based upon the computing; and adjusting, by the processing system, at least one backup path in accordance with the at least one backup path configuration when the change in the at least one backup path configuration is detected. 20. An apparatus comprising:
a processing system including at least one processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions which, when executed by the processing system, cause the processing system to perform operations, the operations comprising:
calculating in accordance with at least one machine learning model, traffic estimates for a plurality of end-to-end paths in at least one future time period using a plurality of traffic measurements for the plurality of end-to-end paths in a telecommunication network;
calculating at least one traffic estimate for a plurality of primary paths in the telecommunication network based upon the traffic estimates for the plurality of end-to-end paths;
computing at least one backup path configuration for at least one primary path of the telecommunication network for the at least one future time period based upon the at least one traffic estimate for the plurality of primary paths in the at least one future time period;
detecting a change in the at least one backup path configuration for the at least one primary path in a future time period of the at least one future time period based upon the computing; and
adjusting, by the processing system, at least one backup path in accordance with the at least one backup path configuration when the change in the at least one backup path configuration is detected. | A processing system including at least one processor may obtain traffic measurements for end-to-end paths in a telecommunication network, calculate traffic estimates for the end-to-end paths in future time periods based on the traffic measurements in accordance with at least one machine learning model, calculate traffic estimates for primary paths in the telecommunication network based upon the traffic estimates for the end-to-end paths, compute a backup path configuration for a primary path of the telecommunication network for the future time periods based upon the traffic estimates for the primary paths in the future time periods, detect a change in the backup path configuration for the primary path in a future time period based upon the computing, and adjust a backup path in accordance with the backup path configuration when the change in the backup path configuration is detected.1. A method comprising:
calculating in accordance with at least one machine learning model, by a processing system including at least one processor, traffic estimates for a plurality of end-to-end paths in at least one future time period using a plurality of traffic measurements for the plurality of end-to-end paths in a telecommunication network; calculating, by the processing system, at least one traffic estimate for a plurality of primary paths in the telecommunication network based upon the traffic estimates for the plurality of end-to-end paths; computing, by the processing system, at least one backup path configuration for at least one primary path of the telecommunication network for the at least one future time period based upon the at least one traffic estimate for the plurality of primary paths in the at least one future time period; detecting, by the processing system, a change in the at least one backup path configuration for the at least one primary path in a future time period of the at least one future time period based upon the computing; and adjusting, by the processing system, at least one backup path in accordance with the at least one backup path configuration when the change in the at least one backup path configuration is detected. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the adjusting is performed at a designated time in advance of the future time period. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of primary paths comprises:
a link between adjacent nodes in the telecommunication network; or a node, and two links connected to the node in the telecommunication network. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of end-to-end paths comprises a multiprotocol label switching tunnel. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the calculating the traffic estimates for the plurality of end-to-end paths further comprises:
computing an end-to-end path traffic matrix having rows and columns corresponding to nodes in the telecommunication network, wherein each entry of a plurality of entries in the end-to-end path traffic matrix represents a traffic estimate for one of the plurality of end-to-end paths comprising a path between two of the nodes in the telecommunication network. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the calculating the at least one traffic estimate for the plurality of primary paths further comprises:
computing a primary path traffic vector having rows and columns corresponding to a subset of the nodes in the telecommunication network, wherein each entry of a plurality of entries in the primary path traffic vector represents a traffic estimate for one of the plurality of primary paths in the telecommunication network. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the primary path traffic vector is computed from the end-to-end path traffic matrix in accordance with a routing engine mapping of the plurality of end-to-end paths in the telecommunication network, wherein the at least one backup path configuration is computed based upon the primary path traffic vector comprising the at least one traffic estimate for the plurality of primary paths at the future time period. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one machine learning model comprises a plurality of nonlinear autoregressive models, wherein the traffic estimates for the plurality of end-to-end paths are calculated in accordance with the plurality of nonlinear autoregressive models. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the plurality of nonlinear autoregressive models comprises Gaussian process regression models. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of traffic measurements is used as training data to train the plurality of nonlinear autoregressive models. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein each of the plurality of nonlinear autoregressive models is associated with a respective one of the plurality of end-to-end paths, and wherein each of the plurality of nonlinear autoregressive models is separately trained from at least a portion of the plurality of traffic measurements that is obtained for the respective one of the plurality of end-to-end paths. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein each of the plurality of nonlinear autoregressive models generates a traffic estimate for one of the plurality of end-to-end paths for the future time period in accordance with a function of traffic measurements of the plurality of traffic measurements from the one of the plurality of end-to-end paths from a plurality of previous time periods. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein each of the plurality of nonlinear autoregressive models generates the traffic estimate for the one of the plurality of end-to-end paths for the future time period in further accordance with a linear trend factor. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein for each of the plurality of nonlinear autoregressive models, a previous time period of the plurality of previous time periods is selected for inclusion in the plurality of previous time periods when a partial autocorrelation associated with the previous time period exceeds a threshold. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the threshold is dependent upon a time lag between a reference time period and the previous time period, wherein the threshold is increased for a longer time lag and is decreased for a shorter time lag, wherein the reference time period comprises a most recent time period for which the plurality of traffic measurements is obtained. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the adjusting the at least one backup path comprises:
providing an additional capacity to an existing set of resources for the at least one backup path; or changing the existing set of resources for the at least one backup path to a different set of resources. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the changing the existing set of resources for the at least one backup path to the different set of resources comprises:
assigning the at least one backup path to at least one different link or at least one different node of the telecommunication network that is not in the existing set of resources. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the changing the existing set of resources for the at least one backup path to the different set of resources further comprises:
activating the at least one different link in the telecommunication network via at least one of:
at least one reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer; or
at least one fiber cross-connect. 19. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions which, when executed by a processing system including at least one processor, cause the processing system to perform operations, the operations comprising:
calculating in accordance with at least one machine learning model, traffic estimates for a plurality of end-to-end paths in at least one future time period using a plurality of traffic measurements for the plurality of end-to-end paths in a telecommunication network; calculating at least one traffic estimate for a plurality of primary paths in the telecommunication network based upon the traffic estimates for the plurality of end-to-end paths; computing at least one backup path configuration for at least one primary path of the telecommunication network for the at least one future time period based upon the at least one traffic estimate for the plurality of primary paths in the at least one future time period; detecting a change in the at least one backup path configuration for the at least one primary path in a future time period of the at least one future time period based upon the computing; and adjusting, by the processing system, at least one backup path in accordance with the at least one backup path configuration when the change in the at least one backup path configuration is detected. 20. An apparatus comprising:
a processing system including at least one processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions which, when executed by the processing system, cause the processing system to perform operations, the operations comprising:
calculating in accordance with at least one machine learning model, traffic estimates for a plurality of end-to-end paths in at least one future time period using a plurality of traffic measurements for the plurality of end-to-end paths in a telecommunication network;
calculating at least one traffic estimate for a plurality of primary paths in the telecommunication network based upon the traffic estimates for the plurality of end-to-end paths;
computing at least one backup path configuration for at least one primary path of the telecommunication network for the at least one future time period based upon the at least one traffic estimate for the plurality of primary paths in the at least one future time period;
detecting a change in the at least one backup path configuration for the at least one primary path in a future time period of the at least one future time period based upon the computing; and
adjusting, by the processing system, at least one backup path in accordance with the at least one backup path configuration when the change in the at least one backup path configuration is detected. | 3,700 |
349,283 | 16,806,831 | 3,711 | A secure cartridge-based storage system includes a set of read/write control electronics on a control board adapted to removably couple with each of a plurality of storage cartridges. For each individual storage cartridge, the read/write electronics are adapted to retrieve a unique device identifier from the storage cartridge; retrieve an encryption key stored on the control board in association with the unique device identifier; and utilize the encryption key to encrypt or decrypt data that is in transit to or from a target storage location on the storage media. | 1. A storage system comprising:
a storage cartridge including a storage media encased in an enclosure; control electronics on a control board adapted to:
removably couple to the storage cartridge;
retrieve a unique device identifier from the storage cartridge;
retrieve an encryption key stored on the control board in association with the unique device identifier; and
utilize the encryption key to encrypt or decrypt data that is in transit to or from a target storage location on the storage media. 2. The storage system of claim 1, wherein the read/write control electronics retrieve the encryption key by:
prompting a host for a public key associated in memory with the unique device identifier; receiving the public key from the host responsive to the prompt; verifying the received public key matches a stored public key; and retrieving the encryption key responsive to successful verification of the public key. 3. The storage system of claim 1, wherein the read/write control electronics are further configured to:
detect a coupling to a second storage cartridge; determine a unique device identifier of the second storage cartridge; determine that the unique device identifier is not currently stored in association with an encryption key; and transmit an encryption key initialization request to a host device. 4. The storage system of claim 3, wherein the read/write control electronics are further configured to:
receive a host-specified public key responsive to the transmission of the encryption key initialization request; generate an encryption key to associate with the host-specified public key; and locally store the unique device identifier for the second storage cartridge in association with the host-specified public key and the generated encryption key at a location on the control board. 5. The storage system of claim 1, wherein the storage system stores a single encryption key in association with a plurality of unique device identifiers and uses the single encryption key to encrypt and decrypt data on each of a plurality of storage devices identified by a corresponding one of the unique device identifiers. 6. The storage system of claim 1, wherein the storage system stores a unique encryption key in association with each different one of a plurality of unique device identifiers. 7. The storage system of claim 1, wherein the unique drive identifier is stored on or within the enclosure at a location external to the storage media. 8. The storage system of claim 1, wherein the unique drive identifier is at least one of a scannable bar code, RFID tag, and NFC tag. 9. A method comprising:
transmitting a control signal from a control board to retrieve a unique device identifier from a storage cartridge removably coupled to a set of read/write control electronics located on the control board, the storage cartridge including a storage media encased in an enclosure; retrieving an encryption key stored on the control board in association with the unique device identifier; and utilizing the encryption key to encrypt or decrypt data that is in transit to or from a target storage location on the storage cartridge. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein retrieving the encryption key further comprises:
prompting a host for a public key associated in memory with the unique device identifier; receiving the public key from the host responsive to the prompt; verifying the received public key matches a stored public key; and retrieving the encryption key responsive to successful verification of the public key. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
detecting a coupling to a second storage cartridge; determining a unique device identifier of the second storage cartridge; determining that the unique device identifier is not currently stored in association with an encryption key; and transmitting an encryption key initialization request to a host device. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving a host-specified public key responsive to the transmission of the encryption key initialization request; selecting an encryption key to associate with the host-specified public key; and locally storing the unique device identifier for the second storage cartridge in association with the host-specified public key and the selected encryption key at a location on the control board. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the control board stores a single encryption key in association with a plurality of unique device identifiers and uses the single encryption key to encrypt and decrypt data on each of a plurality of storage devices identified by a corresponding one of the unique device identifiers. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the control board stores a unique encryption key in association with each different one of a plurality of unique device identifiers. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein the unique drive identifier is stored on or within the storage cartridge. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the unique drive identifier is at least one of a scannable bar code, RFID tag, and NFC tag. 17. One or more tangible computer-readable storage media encoding computer-executable instructions for executing a computer process comprising:
transmitting a control signal from a control board to retrieve a unique device identifier from a storage cartridge removably coupled to a set of read/write control electronics located on the control board, the storage cartridge including a storage media encased in an enclosure; retrieving an encryption key stored on the control board in association with the unique device identifier; and utilizing the encryption key to encrypt or decrypt data that is in transit to or from a target storage location on the storage media. 18. The one or more tangible computer-readable storage media of claim 17, wherein retrieving the encryption key further comprises:
prompting a host for a public key associated in memory with the unique device identifier; receiving the public key from the host responsive to the prompt; verifying the received public key matches a stored public key; and retrieving the encryption key responsive to successful verification of the public key. 19. The one or more tangible computer-readable storage media of claim 17, wherein the control board stores a single encryption key in association with a plurality of unique device identifiers and uses the single encryption key to encrypt and decrypt data on each of a plurality of storage devices identified by a corresponding one of the unique device identifiers. 20. The one or more tangible computer-readable storage media of claim 17, wherein the control board stores a unique encryption key in association with each different one of a plurality of unique device identifiers. | A secure cartridge-based storage system includes a set of read/write control electronics on a control board adapted to removably couple with each of a plurality of storage cartridges. For each individual storage cartridge, the read/write electronics are adapted to retrieve a unique device identifier from the storage cartridge; retrieve an encryption key stored on the control board in association with the unique device identifier; and utilize the encryption key to encrypt or decrypt data that is in transit to or from a target storage location on the storage media.1. A storage system comprising:
a storage cartridge including a storage media encased in an enclosure; control electronics on a control board adapted to:
removably couple to the storage cartridge;
retrieve a unique device identifier from the storage cartridge;
retrieve an encryption key stored on the control board in association with the unique device identifier; and
utilize the encryption key to encrypt or decrypt data that is in transit to or from a target storage location on the storage media. 2. The storage system of claim 1, wherein the read/write control electronics retrieve the encryption key by:
prompting a host for a public key associated in memory with the unique device identifier; receiving the public key from the host responsive to the prompt; verifying the received public key matches a stored public key; and retrieving the encryption key responsive to successful verification of the public key. 3. The storage system of claim 1, wherein the read/write control electronics are further configured to:
detect a coupling to a second storage cartridge; determine a unique device identifier of the second storage cartridge; determine that the unique device identifier is not currently stored in association with an encryption key; and transmit an encryption key initialization request to a host device. 4. The storage system of claim 3, wherein the read/write control electronics are further configured to:
receive a host-specified public key responsive to the transmission of the encryption key initialization request; generate an encryption key to associate with the host-specified public key; and locally store the unique device identifier for the second storage cartridge in association with the host-specified public key and the generated encryption key at a location on the control board. 5. The storage system of claim 1, wherein the storage system stores a single encryption key in association with a plurality of unique device identifiers and uses the single encryption key to encrypt and decrypt data on each of a plurality of storage devices identified by a corresponding one of the unique device identifiers. 6. The storage system of claim 1, wherein the storage system stores a unique encryption key in association with each different one of a plurality of unique device identifiers. 7. The storage system of claim 1, wherein the unique drive identifier is stored on or within the enclosure at a location external to the storage media. 8. The storage system of claim 1, wherein the unique drive identifier is at least one of a scannable bar code, RFID tag, and NFC tag. 9. A method comprising:
transmitting a control signal from a control board to retrieve a unique device identifier from a storage cartridge removably coupled to a set of read/write control electronics located on the control board, the storage cartridge including a storage media encased in an enclosure; retrieving an encryption key stored on the control board in association with the unique device identifier; and utilizing the encryption key to encrypt or decrypt data that is in transit to or from a target storage location on the storage cartridge. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein retrieving the encryption key further comprises:
prompting a host for a public key associated in memory with the unique device identifier; receiving the public key from the host responsive to the prompt; verifying the received public key matches a stored public key; and retrieving the encryption key responsive to successful verification of the public key. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
detecting a coupling to a second storage cartridge; determining a unique device identifier of the second storage cartridge; determining that the unique device identifier is not currently stored in association with an encryption key; and transmitting an encryption key initialization request to a host device. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving a host-specified public key responsive to the transmission of the encryption key initialization request; selecting an encryption key to associate with the host-specified public key; and locally storing the unique device identifier for the second storage cartridge in association with the host-specified public key and the selected encryption key at a location on the control board. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the control board stores a single encryption key in association with a plurality of unique device identifiers and uses the single encryption key to encrypt and decrypt data on each of a plurality of storage devices identified by a corresponding one of the unique device identifiers. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the control board stores a unique encryption key in association with each different one of a plurality of unique device identifiers. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein the unique drive identifier is stored on or within the storage cartridge. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the unique drive identifier is at least one of a scannable bar code, RFID tag, and NFC tag. 17. One or more tangible computer-readable storage media encoding computer-executable instructions for executing a computer process comprising:
transmitting a control signal from a control board to retrieve a unique device identifier from a storage cartridge removably coupled to a set of read/write control electronics located on the control board, the storage cartridge including a storage media encased in an enclosure; retrieving an encryption key stored on the control board in association with the unique device identifier; and utilizing the encryption key to encrypt or decrypt data that is in transit to or from a target storage location on the storage media. 18. The one or more tangible computer-readable storage media of claim 17, wherein retrieving the encryption key further comprises:
prompting a host for a public key associated in memory with the unique device identifier; receiving the public key from the host responsive to the prompt; verifying the received public key matches a stored public key; and retrieving the encryption key responsive to successful verification of the public key. 19. The one or more tangible computer-readable storage media of claim 17, wherein the control board stores a single encryption key in association with a plurality of unique device identifiers and uses the single encryption key to encrypt and decrypt data on each of a plurality of storage devices identified by a corresponding one of the unique device identifiers. 20. The one or more tangible computer-readable storage media of claim 17, wherein the control board stores a unique encryption key in association with each different one of a plurality of unique device identifiers. | 3,700 |
349,284 | 16,806,888 | 2,832 | An energy harvesting device may include a hub structure configured to rotate about an axis. The energy harvesting device may further include a first arm. The first arm may include a hinge connecting a first proximal end of the first arm to the hub structure. The first arm may further include a first weight coupled to a first distal end of the first arm. The energy harvesting device may include a second arm. The second arm may include a second hinge connecting a second proximal end of the second arm to the hub structure. The energy harvesting device may further include a second weight coupled to a second distal end of the second arm. | 1. An energy harvesting device comprising:
a hub structure configured to rotate about an axis; a first arm comprising:
a first hinge connecting a first proximal end of the first arm to the hub structure;
a first weight coupled to a first distal end of the first arm; and
a second arm comprising:
a second hinge connecting a second proximal end of the second arm to the hub structure; and
a second weight coupled to a second distal end of the second arm. 2. The energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein the first hinge comprises an elastic material to store energy to produce a motion by catapulting in a forward direction at a threshold point. 3. The energy harvesting device of claim 2, wherein the first hinge comprises protrusions to prevent deflections of the first hinge in one or more directions. 4. The energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein the first hinge comprises a pin to rotationally couple the first arm to the hub structure. 5. The energy harvesting device of claim 1 further comprising a ratcheting device coupled to a central portion of the hub structure to allow the hub structure to rotate in a first direction and to prevent the hub structure from rotating in a second direction opposite the first direction. 6. The energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein the hub structure, the first arm, and the second arm are integral to each other. 7. The energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein the first arm comprises a backstop proximate to the first hinge to contact the hub structure. 8. The energy harvesting device of claim 1 comprising a plurality of arms, wherein the plurality of arms comprises the first arm and the second arm, and wherein each arm of the plurality of arms is equally spaced around the hub structure. 9. The energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein the hub structure forms a recess to receive at least a portion of the first arm. 10. The energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein the energy harvesting device is to rotate to power:
a sensor for one or more of a hand pump, an oil rig, or a train strut; and a wireless module. 11. A system comprising:
an energy harvesting device comprising:
a hub structure comprising a central portion configured to rotationally couple to an oscillation rotational structure along a first axis of rotation, wherein the oscillation rotational structure to perform oscillating rotational motion;
a first arm comprising:
a first hinge connecting a first proximal end of the first arm to the hub structure;
a first weight coupled to a first distal end of the first arm; and
a second arm comprising:
a second hinge connecting a second proximal end of the second arm to the hub structure; and
a second weight coupled to a second distal end of the second arm. 12. The system of claim 11 further comprising:
an energy generator coupled to the energy harvesting device; and
a battery coupled to the energy generator, wherein the battery is to be charged by the energy generator responsive to rotation of the energy harvesting device. 13. The system of claim 12 further comprising:
a sensor to provide sensor data;
a wireless module to be powered by the battery; and
a processing device to receive the sensor data and to transmit the sensor data via the wireless module. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein one or more of:
the sensor is an accelerometer; the sensor data comprises oscillation rotational measurements; the sensor is a strain gauge; or the sensor data is to be used to perform structural health monitoring. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the energy harvesting device is to rotate around the first axis of rotation, wherein the oscillation rotational structure is to perform the oscillating rotational motion relative to a second axis of rotation that is parallel to the first axis of rotation. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the first arm and the second arm are coupled to an outside perimeter of the hub structure, and wherein the first hinge and the second hinge are to prevent the first arm and the second arm from deflecting from being normal to the first axis of rotation. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the oscillation rotational structure is one or more of a:
a handle of a hand pump; an arm of an oil rig; or a train strut. 18. A method comprising:
receiving, by a processing device, energy generated by a rotation of an energy harvesting device rotating responsive to an oscillating rotational motion of an oscillation rotational structure; receiving, by the processing device, sensor data from a sensor coupled to the oscillation rotational structure; and causing, by the processing device, the sensor data to be transmitted via a wireless module. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein:
the energy harvesting device rotates about an axis of a hub structure of the energy harvesting device responsive to the oscillating rotational motion of the oscillation rotational structure; a shaft comprises a first distal end coupled to the hub structure at the axis of the hub structure and a second distal end coupled to an energy generator; and the shaft drives the energy generator responsive to the rotation of the energy harvesting device. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein:
responsive to the shaft driving the energy generator, the energy generator generates the energy; and the energy is stored in a battery coupled to the processing device. | An energy harvesting device may include a hub structure configured to rotate about an axis. The energy harvesting device may further include a first arm. The first arm may include a hinge connecting a first proximal end of the first arm to the hub structure. The first arm may further include a first weight coupled to a first distal end of the first arm. The energy harvesting device may include a second arm. The second arm may include a second hinge connecting a second proximal end of the second arm to the hub structure. The energy harvesting device may further include a second weight coupled to a second distal end of the second arm.1. An energy harvesting device comprising:
a hub structure configured to rotate about an axis; a first arm comprising:
a first hinge connecting a first proximal end of the first arm to the hub structure;
a first weight coupled to a first distal end of the first arm; and
a second arm comprising:
a second hinge connecting a second proximal end of the second arm to the hub structure; and
a second weight coupled to a second distal end of the second arm. 2. The energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein the first hinge comprises an elastic material to store energy to produce a motion by catapulting in a forward direction at a threshold point. 3. The energy harvesting device of claim 2, wherein the first hinge comprises protrusions to prevent deflections of the first hinge in one or more directions. 4. The energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein the first hinge comprises a pin to rotationally couple the first arm to the hub structure. 5. The energy harvesting device of claim 1 further comprising a ratcheting device coupled to a central portion of the hub structure to allow the hub structure to rotate in a first direction and to prevent the hub structure from rotating in a second direction opposite the first direction. 6. The energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein the hub structure, the first arm, and the second arm are integral to each other. 7. The energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein the first arm comprises a backstop proximate to the first hinge to contact the hub structure. 8. The energy harvesting device of claim 1 comprising a plurality of arms, wherein the plurality of arms comprises the first arm and the second arm, and wherein each arm of the plurality of arms is equally spaced around the hub structure. 9. The energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein the hub structure forms a recess to receive at least a portion of the first arm. 10. The energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein the energy harvesting device is to rotate to power:
a sensor for one or more of a hand pump, an oil rig, or a train strut; and a wireless module. 11. A system comprising:
an energy harvesting device comprising:
a hub structure comprising a central portion configured to rotationally couple to an oscillation rotational structure along a first axis of rotation, wherein the oscillation rotational structure to perform oscillating rotational motion;
a first arm comprising:
a first hinge connecting a first proximal end of the first arm to the hub structure;
a first weight coupled to a first distal end of the first arm; and
a second arm comprising:
a second hinge connecting a second proximal end of the second arm to the hub structure; and
a second weight coupled to a second distal end of the second arm. 12. The system of claim 11 further comprising:
an energy generator coupled to the energy harvesting device; and
a battery coupled to the energy generator, wherein the battery is to be charged by the energy generator responsive to rotation of the energy harvesting device. 13. The system of claim 12 further comprising:
a sensor to provide sensor data;
a wireless module to be powered by the battery; and
a processing device to receive the sensor data and to transmit the sensor data via the wireless module. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein one or more of:
the sensor is an accelerometer; the sensor data comprises oscillation rotational measurements; the sensor is a strain gauge; or the sensor data is to be used to perform structural health monitoring. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the energy harvesting device is to rotate around the first axis of rotation, wherein the oscillation rotational structure is to perform the oscillating rotational motion relative to a second axis of rotation that is parallel to the first axis of rotation. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the first arm and the second arm are coupled to an outside perimeter of the hub structure, and wherein the first hinge and the second hinge are to prevent the first arm and the second arm from deflecting from being normal to the first axis of rotation. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the oscillation rotational structure is one or more of a:
a handle of a hand pump; an arm of an oil rig; or a train strut. 18. A method comprising:
receiving, by a processing device, energy generated by a rotation of an energy harvesting device rotating responsive to an oscillating rotational motion of an oscillation rotational structure; receiving, by the processing device, sensor data from a sensor coupled to the oscillation rotational structure; and causing, by the processing device, the sensor data to be transmitted via a wireless module. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein:
the energy harvesting device rotates about an axis of a hub structure of the energy harvesting device responsive to the oscillating rotational motion of the oscillation rotational structure; a shaft comprises a first distal end coupled to the hub structure at the axis of the hub structure and a second distal end coupled to an energy generator; and the shaft drives the energy generator responsive to the rotation of the energy harvesting device. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein:
responsive to the shaft driving the energy generator, the energy generator generates the energy; and the energy is stored in a battery coupled to the processing device. | 2,800 |
349,285 | 16,806,882 | 2,832 | Embodiments provide methods and systems for generating a plain-text explanation for a prediction score associated with a record. An explanation generation system is configured to receive the record from a user. A prediction score is calculated using an ML model and a plurality of feature variables that are contributing to the prediction score are determined by the system. The plurality of feature variables are rank-ordered by the system based on their corresponding contribution to the prediction score. Further, correlated features are determined from among the plurality of feature variables and are grouped into one or more groups of correlated feature variables. At least one feature variable from each of the one or more groups is selected to determine a list of feature variables. The list of feature variables is passed to a sentence creation module that generates a plain-text explanation. The generated plain-text explanation is displayed to the user. | 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving, by a processor of an explanation generation system, a record; determining, by the processor, a plurality of feature variables contributing to a prediction score associated with the record, the prediction score computed by a Machine Learning (ML) model; ranking, by the processor, the plurality of feature variables based at least on corresponding contribution of feature variables on the prediction score associated with the record; determining, by the processor, one or more groups of correlated feature variables from among the plurality of feature variables; filtering, by the processor, at least one redundant correlated feature variable from each of the one or more groups of correlated feature variables for determining a list of feature variables; and generating, by the processor, a plain-text explanation for the prediction score associated with the record based on the list of feature variables. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein generating the plain-text explanation comprises:
parsing, by the processor, the determined list of feature variables; and generating, by the processor, the plain-text explanation based on the parsing. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
displaying the plain-text explanation on a display of the explanation generation system. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
determining, by the processor, using a scenario analysis tool, an optimal value for at least one feature variable from the list of feature variables that maximizes the prediction score. 5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein determining the optimal value for the at least one feature variable comprises:
calculating, by the processor, impacts of the plurality of feature variables on the prediction score, by changing values of the plurality of feature variables; and re-computing, by the processor, the prediction score for the changed values. 6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) and SHapley Additive ex-Planation (SHAP) are used to determine the impacts of the plurality of feature variables on the prediction score. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plain-text explanation comprises an optimal value for at least one feature variable from the list of feature variables which will maximize the prediction score. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein receiving the record comprises receiving the ML model used to pre-score the record. 9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein same predictive ML model used to pre-score the record is utilized to compute the prediction score. 10. An explanation generation system for generating plain-text explanation, the explanation generation system comprising:
a memory comprising executable instructions; and a processor communicably coupled to a communication interface, the processor configured to execute the executable instructions to cause the explanation generation system to at least: receive a record; determine a plurality of feature variables contributing to a prediction score, the prediction score computed by a Machine Learning (ML) model; rank the plurality of feature variables based at least on corresponding contribution of feature variables on the prediction score associated with the record; determine one or more groups of correlated feature variables from among the plurality of feature variables; filter at least one redundant correlated feature variable from each of the one or more groups of the correlated feature variables for determining a list of feature variables; and generate a plain-text explanation for the prediction score associated with the record based on the list of feature variables. 11. The system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the system is further caused to:
parse, by the processor, the determined list of feature variables; and generate, by the processor the plain-text explanation based on the parsing. 12. The system as claimed in claim 10, the system is further caused to display the plain-text explanation on the display of the explanation generation system. 13. The system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the system is further caused to:
determine, by the processor, using a scenario analysis tool, an optimal value for at least one feature variable from the list of feature variables that maximizes the prediction score. 14. The system as claimed in claim 13, wherein the system is further caused to:
calculate, by the processor, impacts of the plurality of feature variables on the prediction score, by changing values of the plurality of feature variables; and re-compute, by the processor, the prediction score for the changed values. 15. The system as claimed in claim 14, wherein Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) and SHapley Additive ex-Planation (SHAP) are used to determine the impacts of the plurality of feature variables on the prediction score. 16. The system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the plain-text explanation comprises an optimal value for at least one feature variable from the list of feature variables which will maximize the prediction score. 17. The system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the system is further caused to:
receive, by the processor, the ML model used to pre-score the record. 18. The system as claimed in claim 17, wherein same predictive ML model used to pre-score the record is utilized to compute the prediction score. | Embodiments provide methods and systems for generating a plain-text explanation for a prediction score associated with a record. An explanation generation system is configured to receive the record from a user. A prediction score is calculated using an ML model and a plurality of feature variables that are contributing to the prediction score are determined by the system. The plurality of feature variables are rank-ordered by the system based on their corresponding contribution to the prediction score. Further, correlated features are determined from among the plurality of feature variables and are grouped into one or more groups of correlated feature variables. At least one feature variable from each of the one or more groups is selected to determine a list of feature variables. The list of feature variables is passed to a sentence creation module that generates a plain-text explanation. The generated plain-text explanation is displayed to the user.1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving, by a processor of an explanation generation system, a record; determining, by the processor, a plurality of feature variables contributing to a prediction score associated with the record, the prediction score computed by a Machine Learning (ML) model; ranking, by the processor, the plurality of feature variables based at least on corresponding contribution of feature variables on the prediction score associated with the record; determining, by the processor, one or more groups of correlated feature variables from among the plurality of feature variables; filtering, by the processor, at least one redundant correlated feature variable from each of the one or more groups of correlated feature variables for determining a list of feature variables; and generating, by the processor, a plain-text explanation for the prediction score associated with the record based on the list of feature variables. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein generating the plain-text explanation comprises:
parsing, by the processor, the determined list of feature variables; and generating, by the processor, the plain-text explanation based on the parsing. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
displaying the plain-text explanation on a display of the explanation generation system. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
determining, by the processor, using a scenario analysis tool, an optimal value for at least one feature variable from the list of feature variables that maximizes the prediction score. 5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein determining the optimal value for the at least one feature variable comprises:
calculating, by the processor, impacts of the plurality of feature variables on the prediction score, by changing values of the plurality of feature variables; and re-computing, by the processor, the prediction score for the changed values. 6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) and SHapley Additive ex-Planation (SHAP) are used to determine the impacts of the plurality of feature variables on the prediction score. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plain-text explanation comprises an optimal value for at least one feature variable from the list of feature variables which will maximize the prediction score. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein receiving the record comprises receiving the ML model used to pre-score the record. 9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein same predictive ML model used to pre-score the record is utilized to compute the prediction score. 10. An explanation generation system for generating plain-text explanation, the explanation generation system comprising:
a memory comprising executable instructions; and a processor communicably coupled to a communication interface, the processor configured to execute the executable instructions to cause the explanation generation system to at least: receive a record; determine a plurality of feature variables contributing to a prediction score, the prediction score computed by a Machine Learning (ML) model; rank the plurality of feature variables based at least on corresponding contribution of feature variables on the prediction score associated with the record; determine one or more groups of correlated feature variables from among the plurality of feature variables; filter at least one redundant correlated feature variable from each of the one or more groups of the correlated feature variables for determining a list of feature variables; and generate a plain-text explanation for the prediction score associated with the record based on the list of feature variables. 11. The system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the system is further caused to:
parse, by the processor, the determined list of feature variables; and generate, by the processor the plain-text explanation based on the parsing. 12. The system as claimed in claim 10, the system is further caused to display the plain-text explanation on the display of the explanation generation system. 13. The system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the system is further caused to:
determine, by the processor, using a scenario analysis tool, an optimal value for at least one feature variable from the list of feature variables that maximizes the prediction score. 14. The system as claimed in claim 13, wherein the system is further caused to:
calculate, by the processor, impacts of the plurality of feature variables on the prediction score, by changing values of the plurality of feature variables; and re-compute, by the processor, the prediction score for the changed values. 15. The system as claimed in claim 14, wherein Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) and SHapley Additive ex-Planation (SHAP) are used to determine the impacts of the plurality of feature variables on the prediction score. 16. The system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the plain-text explanation comprises an optimal value for at least one feature variable from the list of feature variables which will maximize the prediction score. 17. The system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the system is further caused to:
receive, by the processor, the ML model used to pre-score the record. 18. The system as claimed in claim 17, wherein same predictive ML model used to pre-score the record is utilized to compute the prediction score. | 2,800 |
349,286 | 16,806,857 | 3,785 | Respiratory devices and methods for their manufacture and use are disclosed. The device features a resiliently deformable element configured to form a perimeter seal with the inner nostril wall and to swab the distal portion of the internal nostril region with a disinfectant during device installation. A first filter stage includes a first filter layer characterized by first geometric convolutions and a first MPPS1 value; and a second filter stage includes a second filter layer characterized by second geometric convolutions and a second MPPS2 value. | 1. A method of installing a nasal filter device into a nostril, where the device includes a resiliently deformable component and first filter stage, the method comprising:
manually opening a sealed envelope containing the device in a liquid antiseptic medium; removing the device from the package; inserting the device into a distal region of the nostril; and urging the device from the distal region upwardly into the nostril while simultaneously swabbing the distal region with liquid antiseptic medium present on the perimeter of the deformable component; wherein the first filter stage includes a first layer comprising three dimensional convolutions including a plurality of folded geometric features. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the first filter layer is characterized by a most penetrating particle size (MPPS1) value in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 micrometers (um). 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the first filter layer is characterized by a most penetrating particle size (MPPS1) value of about 0.125 micrometers (um). 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid medium comprises at least one of an antiseptic and a disinfectant, and wherein swabbing comprises rotating the deformable component against the distal region of the nostril while urging the device upwardly. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the first filter layer comprises electrostatic material. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the first filter layer comprises an electrospun material. 7. (canceled) 8. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the nostril is characterized by a cross-sectional area of about K (inches)2; and
the convolutions are configured to impart an effective cross-sectional surface area to the first filter layer of at least 2k. 9. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
leaving the device within the nostril for a period of time in the range of one to six hours; and
thereafter removing the device from the nostril. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the first filter layer is further characterized by two different values MPPS1 and MPPS1.2. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the device further comprises a second filter stage having a second filter layer is characterized by a second MPPS2 value. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the second filter layer comprises electrospun fibers having diameters in the submicron range. 13. A nasal filter device for inserting into a nostril having an internal nostril circumference, the device comprising:
a first stage having a first filter layer; and a second stage having a second filter layer characterized by an MPPS2 value. 14. The device of claim 13 wherein the second filter layer comprises an electrospun material. 15. The device of claim 14 wherein the nostril is characterized by a cross-sectional area of about K (inches)2; and
the second filter layer comprises convolutions configured to impart an effective cross-sectional surface area to the second filter layer of at least 2K. 16. The device of claim 15 wherein the second stage comprises a resiliently deformable component configured to swab the distal region of the nostril interior with a disinfectant during device installation. 17. The device of claim 13 further comprising a third stage having a third filter layer characterized by an MPPS3 value. 18. The device of claim 17, wherein the third filter layer comprises an electrospun material, and wherein MPPS3 value is different from the MPPS 2 value. 19. The device of claim 17, wherein:
the third filter layer comprises a flexible sheet loosely enveloping at least a portion of the second stage and forming an air gap therebetween; and the device includes a spring element configured to urge the distal portion of the second stage outwardly to form a perimeter seal with the inside of the nostril. 20. A nasal filter device comprising:
a resiliently deformable element configured to form a perimeter seal with the inner nostril wall and to swab the distal portion of the internal nostril region with a disinfectant during device installation; a first filter stage having a first filter layer characterized by first geometric convolutions and a first MPPS1 value; and a second filter stage having a second filter layer characterized by second geometric convolutions and a second MPPS2 value. | Respiratory devices and methods for their manufacture and use are disclosed. The device features a resiliently deformable element configured to form a perimeter seal with the inner nostril wall and to swab the distal portion of the internal nostril region with a disinfectant during device installation. A first filter stage includes a first filter layer characterized by first geometric convolutions and a first MPPS1 value; and a second filter stage includes a second filter layer characterized by second geometric convolutions and a second MPPS2 value.1. A method of installing a nasal filter device into a nostril, where the device includes a resiliently deformable component and first filter stage, the method comprising:
manually opening a sealed envelope containing the device in a liquid antiseptic medium; removing the device from the package; inserting the device into a distal region of the nostril; and urging the device from the distal region upwardly into the nostril while simultaneously swabbing the distal region with liquid antiseptic medium present on the perimeter of the deformable component; wherein the first filter stage includes a first layer comprising three dimensional convolutions including a plurality of folded geometric features. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the first filter layer is characterized by a most penetrating particle size (MPPS1) value in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 micrometers (um). 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the first filter layer is characterized by a most penetrating particle size (MPPS1) value of about 0.125 micrometers (um). 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid medium comprises at least one of an antiseptic and a disinfectant, and wherein swabbing comprises rotating the deformable component against the distal region of the nostril while urging the device upwardly. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the first filter layer comprises electrostatic material. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the first filter layer comprises an electrospun material. 7. (canceled) 8. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the nostril is characterized by a cross-sectional area of about K (inches)2; and
the convolutions are configured to impart an effective cross-sectional surface area to the first filter layer of at least 2k. 9. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
leaving the device within the nostril for a period of time in the range of one to six hours; and
thereafter removing the device from the nostril. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the first filter layer is further characterized by two different values MPPS1 and MPPS1.2. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the device further comprises a second filter stage having a second filter layer is characterized by a second MPPS2 value. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the second filter layer comprises electrospun fibers having diameters in the submicron range. 13. A nasal filter device for inserting into a nostril having an internal nostril circumference, the device comprising:
a first stage having a first filter layer; and a second stage having a second filter layer characterized by an MPPS2 value. 14. The device of claim 13 wherein the second filter layer comprises an electrospun material. 15. The device of claim 14 wherein the nostril is characterized by a cross-sectional area of about K (inches)2; and
the second filter layer comprises convolutions configured to impart an effective cross-sectional surface area to the second filter layer of at least 2K. 16. The device of claim 15 wherein the second stage comprises a resiliently deformable component configured to swab the distal region of the nostril interior with a disinfectant during device installation. 17. The device of claim 13 further comprising a third stage having a third filter layer characterized by an MPPS3 value. 18. The device of claim 17, wherein the third filter layer comprises an electrospun material, and wherein MPPS3 value is different from the MPPS 2 value. 19. The device of claim 17, wherein:
the third filter layer comprises a flexible sheet loosely enveloping at least a portion of the second stage and forming an air gap therebetween; and the device includes a spring element configured to urge the distal portion of the second stage outwardly to form a perimeter seal with the inside of the nostril. 20. A nasal filter device comprising:
a resiliently deformable element configured to form a perimeter seal with the inner nostril wall and to swab the distal portion of the internal nostril region with a disinfectant during device installation; a first filter stage having a first filter layer characterized by first geometric convolutions and a first MPPS1 value; and a second filter stage having a second filter layer characterized by second geometric convolutions and a second MPPS2 value. | 3,700 |
349,287 | 16,806,884 | 3,785 | A system that allows participating users to find other users with similar interests or characteristics based on a map area on a requesting device and the characteristics of each user. The system only reports a counter so as to preserve user anonymity and safety. The system preserves the user anonymity and safety in even granular searches using zoomed-in map views by comparing a map elevation level with a threshold and then a counted number of matched devices against a number of devices threshold. If the map is too zoomed in and there are not enough devices within the zoomed in area, the system does not provide a counter. | 1. A system comprising a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium containing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to execute the steps of:
receive, from a first mobile computing device, a selection of a location on a map displayed via a first application; obtain location data for the selected location from a map database; determine that the location is a public location based on the location data; and in response to determining that the location is a public location:
determining a number of mobile computing devices from a plurality of mobile computing devices present within an area associated with the location based on location data received from the plurality of mobile computing devices and the location data of the selected location; and
causing the first application to present a counter indicating the number of users present within the area associated with the selected location. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the location data includes an hours of operation data field associated with the selected location. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein determining that the location is a public location further comprises instructions that cause the processor to:
compare the current time against the hours of operation data field; and determine that selected location is a public location if the current time is within a span of time denoted by the hours of operation data field. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the location data comprises at least one user review for the selected location, wherein determining that the location is a public location further comprises instructions that cause the processor to:
count the at least one user review to determine a number of user reviews; compare the number of user reviews against a threshold amount; and if the number of user reviews is greater than or equal to the threshold amount, determine that the selected location is a public location. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein determining that the location is a public location further comprises instructions that cause the processor to:
determine whether the plurality of mobile devices present within the area meets a density threshold amount; and if the density threshold amount is met, determine that the selected location is a public location. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein determining that the location is a public location further comprises instructions that cause the processor to:
obtain emergency information of an emergency occurring at the selected location; and in response to obtaining the emergency information, determine that the selected location is a public location. 7. A method for determining a public location for user networking, comprising:
receiving, by a processor and from a first mobile computing device, a selection of a location on a map displayed via a first application; obtaining, by the processor, location data for the selected location from a map database; determining, by the processor, that the location is a public location based on the location data; and in response to determining that the location is a public location:
determining, by the processor, a number of mobile computing devices from a plurality of mobile computing devices present within an area associated with the location based on location data received from the plurality of mobile computing devices and the location data of the selected location; and
causing, by the processor, the first application to present a counter indicating the number of users present within the area associated with the selected location 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the location data includes an hours of operation data field associated with the selected location. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein determining that the location is a public location further comprises:
comparing, by the processor, the current time against the hours of operation data field; and determining, by the processor, that selected location is a public location if the current time is within a span of time denoted by the hours of operation data field. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the location data comprises at least one user review for the selected location, and wherein determining that the location is a public location further comprises:
counting, by the processor, the at least one user review to determine a number of user reviews; comparing, by the processor, the number of user reviews against a threshold amount; and if the number of user reviews is greater than or equal to the threshold amount, determining, by the processor, that the selected location is a public location. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein determining that the location is a public location further comprises:
determining, by the processor, whether the plurality of mobile devices present within the area meets a density threshold amount; and if the density threshold amount is met, determining, by the processor, that the selected location is a public location. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein determining that the location is a public location further comprises:
obtaining, by the processor, emergency information of an emergency occurring at the selected location; and in response to obtaining the emergency information, determining, by the processor, that the selected location is a public location. | A system that allows participating users to find other users with similar interests or characteristics based on a map area on a requesting device and the characteristics of each user. The system only reports a counter so as to preserve user anonymity and safety. The system preserves the user anonymity and safety in even granular searches using zoomed-in map views by comparing a map elevation level with a threshold and then a counted number of matched devices against a number of devices threshold. If the map is too zoomed in and there are not enough devices within the zoomed in area, the system does not provide a counter.1. A system comprising a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium containing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to execute the steps of:
receive, from a first mobile computing device, a selection of a location on a map displayed via a first application; obtain location data for the selected location from a map database; determine that the location is a public location based on the location data; and in response to determining that the location is a public location:
determining a number of mobile computing devices from a plurality of mobile computing devices present within an area associated with the location based on location data received from the plurality of mobile computing devices and the location data of the selected location; and
causing the first application to present a counter indicating the number of users present within the area associated with the selected location. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the location data includes an hours of operation data field associated with the selected location. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein determining that the location is a public location further comprises instructions that cause the processor to:
compare the current time against the hours of operation data field; and determine that selected location is a public location if the current time is within a span of time denoted by the hours of operation data field. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the location data comprises at least one user review for the selected location, wherein determining that the location is a public location further comprises instructions that cause the processor to:
count the at least one user review to determine a number of user reviews; compare the number of user reviews against a threshold amount; and if the number of user reviews is greater than or equal to the threshold amount, determine that the selected location is a public location. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein determining that the location is a public location further comprises instructions that cause the processor to:
determine whether the plurality of mobile devices present within the area meets a density threshold amount; and if the density threshold amount is met, determine that the selected location is a public location. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein determining that the location is a public location further comprises instructions that cause the processor to:
obtain emergency information of an emergency occurring at the selected location; and in response to obtaining the emergency information, determine that the selected location is a public location. 7. A method for determining a public location for user networking, comprising:
receiving, by a processor and from a first mobile computing device, a selection of a location on a map displayed via a first application; obtaining, by the processor, location data for the selected location from a map database; determining, by the processor, that the location is a public location based on the location data; and in response to determining that the location is a public location:
determining, by the processor, a number of mobile computing devices from a plurality of mobile computing devices present within an area associated with the location based on location data received from the plurality of mobile computing devices and the location data of the selected location; and
causing, by the processor, the first application to present a counter indicating the number of users present within the area associated with the selected location 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the location data includes an hours of operation data field associated with the selected location. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein determining that the location is a public location further comprises:
comparing, by the processor, the current time against the hours of operation data field; and determining, by the processor, that selected location is a public location if the current time is within a span of time denoted by the hours of operation data field. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the location data comprises at least one user review for the selected location, and wherein determining that the location is a public location further comprises:
counting, by the processor, the at least one user review to determine a number of user reviews; comparing, by the processor, the number of user reviews against a threshold amount; and if the number of user reviews is greater than or equal to the threshold amount, determining, by the processor, that the selected location is a public location. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein determining that the location is a public location further comprises:
determining, by the processor, whether the plurality of mobile devices present within the area meets a density threshold amount; and if the density threshold amount is met, determining, by the processor, that the selected location is a public location. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein determining that the location is a public location further comprises:
obtaining, by the processor, emergency information of an emergency occurring at the selected location; and in response to obtaining the emergency information, determining, by the processor, that the selected location is a public location. | 3,700 |
349,288 | 16,806,852 | 3,785 | A method of forming a radio frequency (RF) strap for use in a process chamber is provided. The method includes positioning a core strap including a first material that is electrically and thermally conductive in a first electrochemical bath. The first electrochemical bath includes a first solvent and a first plating precursor. The method further includes forming a first protective coating on an outer surface of the core strap, removing the first solvent and the first plating precursor from the core strap having the first protective coating formed thereon, post-treating the core strap having the first protective coating formed thereon, positioning the core strap having the first protective coating formed thereon in a second electrochemical bath, and forming a second protective coating on an outer surface of the first protective coating. The first protective coating includes nickel, the second electrochemical bath includes a second solvent and a second plating precursor, and the second protective coating includes gold. | 1. A method of forming a radio frequency (RF) strap for use in a process chamber, comprising:
positioning a core strap comprising a first material that is electrically and thermally conductive in a first electrochemical bath, the first electrochemical bath comprising a first solvent and a first plating precursor; forming a first protective coating on an outer surface of the core strap, the first protective coating comprising nickel; rinsing the core strap having the first protective coating formed thereon; positioning the core strap having the first protective coating formed thereon in a second electrochemical bath, the second electrochemical bath comprising a second solvent and a second plating precursor; forming a second protective coating on an outer surface of the first protective coating, the second protective coating comprising gold; and post-treating the core strap having the first and second protective coatings formed thereon. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first material is selected from the group consisting of beryllium alloy and copper. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first plating precursor comprises nickel sulfamate and the first solvent comprises deionization (DI) water. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first plating precursor is dissolved in the first solvent at a concentration of between 350 gram per liter and 450 gram per liter. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first electrochemical bath further comprises nickel chloride at a concentration less than 30 gram per liter. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first electrochemical bath further comprises boric acid at a concentration between 30 gram per liter and 45 gram per liter. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the forming of the first protective coating is performed while an electrical current density in the first electrochemical bath is maintained at between 2 A/dm2 and 25 A/dm2 for a time period of between 5 minutes and 5 hours. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the forming of the first protective coating is performed while the first electrochemical bath is maintained at a temperature of between about 40Β° C. and 60Β° C. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the forming of the first protective coating is performed while the first electrochemical bath is maintained at a pH of between 3.5 and 4.5. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second plating precursor is bis(1,2-ethanediamine) gold trichloride and the second solvent is diethyl ether. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second plating precursor is dissolved in the second solvent at a concentration of between 5 gram per liter and 20 gram per liter. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second electrochemical bath further comprises 1,2-ethanediamine sulfate at a concentration of between 50 gram per liter and 200 gram per liter. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second electrochemical bath further comprises citric acid at a concentration between 20 gram per liter and 80 gram per liter. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the forming of the second protective coating is performed while an electrical current density in the second electrochemical bath is maintained at between 0.5 A/dm2 and 10 A/dm2 for a time period of between 10 minutes and 10 hours. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the forming of the second protective coating is performed while the second electrochemical bath is maintained at a temperature of between about 15Β° C. and 60Β° C. 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein the forming of the second protective coating is performed while the second electrochemical bath is maintained at a pH of between 3 and 4.5. 17. A radio frequency (RF) strap for use in a process chamber, comprising:
a core strap comprising a first material that is electrically and thermally conductive; a first protective coating on an outer surface of the core strap, the first protective coating comprising nickel and having a thickness of between 0.5 ΞΌm and 5 ΞΌm; and a second protective coating on an outer surface of the first protective coating, the second protective coating comprising gold and having a thickness of between 10 ΞΌm and 50 ΞΌm. 18. The RF strap according to claim 17, wherein the first material is selected from the group consisting of beryllium alloy and copper. 19. A process chamber, comprising:
a chamber body comprising:
a chamber bottom;
a sidewall having a slit valve; and
a substrate pedestal comprising a support body disposed in the chamber body; and
a wide radio frequency (RF) ground strap having a first end coupled with the support body and a second end coupled with the chamber bottom, the wide RF ground strap comprising:
a core strap comprising a first material that is electrically and thermally conductive;
a first protective coating on an outer surface of the core strap, the first protective coating comprising nickel and having a thickness of between 0.5 ΞΌm and 5 ΞΌm; and
a second protective coating on an outer surface of the first protective coating, the second protective coating comprising gold and having a thickness of between 10 ΞΌm and 50 ΞΌm. 20. The process chamber according to claim 19, wherein the first material is selected from the group consisting of beryllium alloy and copper. | A method of forming a radio frequency (RF) strap for use in a process chamber is provided. The method includes positioning a core strap including a first material that is electrically and thermally conductive in a first electrochemical bath. The first electrochemical bath includes a first solvent and a first plating precursor. The method further includes forming a first protective coating on an outer surface of the core strap, removing the first solvent and the first plating precursor from the core strap having the first protective coating formed thereon, post-treating the core strap having the first protective coating formed thereon, positioning the core strap having the first protective coating formed thereon in a second electrochemical bath, and forming a second protective coating on an outer surface of the first protective coating. The first protective coating includes nickel, the second electrochemical bath includes a second solvent and a second plating precursor, and the second protective coating includes gold.1. A method of forming a radio frequency (RF) strap for use in a process chamber, comprising:
positioning a core strap comprising a first material that is electrically and thermally conductive in a first electrochemical bath, the first electrochemical bath comprising a first solvent and a first plating precursor; forming a first protective coating on an outer surface of the core strap, the first protective coating comprising nickel; rinsing the core strap having the first protective coating formed thereon; positioning the core strap having the first protective coating formed thereon in a second electrochemical bath, the second electrochemical bath comprising a second solvent and a second plating precursor; forming a second protective coating on an outer surface of the first protective coating, the second protective coating comprising gold; and post-treating the core strap having the first and second protective coatings formed thereon. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first material is selected from the group consisting of beryllium alloy and copper. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first plating precursor comprises nickel sulfamate and the first solvent comprises deionization (DI) water. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first plating precursor is dissolved in the first solvent at a concentration of between 350 gram per liter and 450 gram per liter. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first electrochemical bath further comprises nickel chloride at a concentration less than 30 gram per liter. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first electrochemical bath further comprises boric acid at a concentration between 30 gram per liter and 45 gram per liter. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the forming of the first protective coating is performed while an electrical current density in the first electrochemical bath is maintained at between 2 A/dm2 and 25 A/dm2 for a time period of between 5 minutes and 5 hours. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the forming of the first protective coating is performed while the first electrochemical bath is maintained at a temperature of between about 40Β° C. and 60Β° C. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the forming of the first protective coating is performed while the first electrochemical bath is maintained at a pH of between 3.5 and 4.5. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second plating precursor is bis(1,2-ethanediamine) gold trichloride and the second solvent is diethyl ether. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second plating precursor is dissolved in the second solvent at a concentration of between 5 gram per liter and 20 gram per liter. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second electrochemical bath further comprises 1,2-ethanediamine sulfate at a concentration of between 50 gram per liter and 200 gram per liter. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second electrochemical bath further comprises citric acid at a concentration between 20 gram per liter and 80 gram per liter. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the forming of the second protective coating is performed while an electrical current density in the second electrochemical bath is maintained at between 0.5 A/dm2 and 10 A/dm2 for a time period of between 10 minutes and 10 hours. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the forming of the second protective coating is performed while the second electrochemical bath is maintained at a temperature of between about 15Β° C. and 60Β° C. 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein the forming of the second protective coating is performed while the second electrochemical bath is maintained at a pH of between 3 and 4.5. 17. A radio frequency (RF) strap for use in a process chamber, comprising:
a core strap comprising a first material that is electrically and thermally conductive; a first protective coating on an outer surface of the core strap, the first protective coating comprising nickel and having a thickness of between 0.5 ΞΌm and 5 ΞΌm; and a second protective coating on an outer surface of the first protective coating, the second protective coating comprising gold and having a thickness of between 10 ΞΌm and 50 ΞΌm. 18. The RF strap according to claim 17, wherein the first material is selected from the group consisting of beryllium alloy and copper. 19. A process chamber, comprising:
a chamber body comprising:
a chamber bottom;
a sidewall having a slit valve; and
a substrate pedestal comprising a support body disposed in the chamber body; and
a wide radio frequency (RF) ground strap having a first end coupled with the support body and a second end coupled with the chamber bottom, the wide RF ground strap comprising:
a core strap comprising a first material that is electrically and thermally conductive;
a first protective coating on an outer surface of the core strap, the first protective coating comprising nickel and having a thickness of between 0.5 ΞΌm and 5 ΞΌm; and
a second protective coating on an outer surface of the first protective coating, the second protective coating comprising gold and having a thickness of between 10 ΞΌm and 50 ΞΌm. 20. The process chamber according to claim 19, wherein the first material is selected from the group consisting of beryllium alloy and copper. | 3,700 |
349,289 | 16,806,863 | 3,785 | The server is configured to communicate with a plurality of power-supplying vehicles and a plurality of power-receiving vehicles. The server is configured to notify, to matched vehicles (candidate power-receiving vehicle and candidate power-supplying vehicle), a candidate gathering location list including respective pieces of information of a plurality of parking areas owned by third parties different from users of the matched vehicles, so as to make an inquiry to the users of the matched vehicles to select one of the plurality of parking areas included in the candidate gathering location list. The server is configured to determine a gathering location for the matched vehicles using the respective pieces of information of the parking areas selected by the users of the matched vehicles, and is configured to transmit the information of the parking area of the determined gathering location to the matched vehicles. | 1. A server configured to communicate with a power-supplying vehicle and a power-receiving vehicle, the server comprising:
a storage configured to store a location list including information of a plurality of parking areas; and a controller configured to:
notify the location list to the vehicles so as to make an inquiry to each of users of the vehicles to select one of the respective pieces of information of the plurality of parking areas included in the location list,
determine a gathering location for the vehicles using respective pieces of information of parking areas selected by the users of the vehicles, and
transmit information of the determined gathering location to the vehicles. 2. The server according to claim 1, wherein
the information of the parking area includes information indicating whether or not the parking area is a parking area of a commercial facility, and when the parking area is the parking area of the commercial facility, the information of the parking area includes information regarding the commercial facility. 3. The server according to claim 2, wherein the information regarding the commercial facility includes coupon information that is able to be offered by the commercial facility. 4. The server according to claim 2, wherein the information regarding the commercial facility includes information of a type of business dealt with by the commercial facility. 5. The server according to claim 1, wherein the information of the parking area includes information indicating a distance from the power-supplying vehicle to the parking area. 6. The server according to claim 1, wherein the information of the parking area includes information indicating a distance from the power-receiving vehicle to the parking area. 7. The server according to claim 1, wherein the information of the parking area includes information indicating the utilization fee of the parking area. 8. The server according to claim 1, wherein the information of the parking area includes information indicating whether or not the parking area is a parking area of an individual person. 9. The server according to claim 1, wherein
when a location selected by the user of the power-supplying vehicle coincides with a location selected by the user of the power-receiving vehicle, the controller sets the location selected by the users, as the gathering location. 10. The server according to claim 1, wherein
when a location selected by the user of the power-supplying vehicle does not coincide with a location selected by the user of the power-receiving vehicle, the controller sets, as the gathering location, a location automatically selected by the server. 11. An information providing method performed by a server configured to communicate with a power-supplying vehicle and a power-receiving vehicle, the server being configured to store a location list including information of a plurality of parking areas,
the information providing method comprising:
notifying the location list to the vehicles so as to make an inquiry to each of users of the vehicles to select one of the respective pieces of information of the plurality of parking areas included in the location list,
determining a gathering location for the vehicles using respective pieces of information of parking areas selected by the users of the vehicles, and
transmitting information of the determined gathering location to the vehicles. 12. The information providing method according to claim 11, wherein
the information of the parking area includes information indicating whether or not the parking area is a parking area of a commercial facility, and when the parking area is the parking area of the commercial facility, the information of the parking area includes information regarding the commercial facility. 13. The information providing method according to claim 12, wherein the information regarding the commercial facility includes coupon information that is able to be offered by the commercial facility. 14. The information providing method according to claim 12, wherein the information regarding the commercial facility includes information of a type of business dealt with by the commercial facility. 15. The information providing method according to claim 11, wherein the information of the parking area includes information indicating a distance from the power-supplying vehicle to the parking area. 16. The information providing method according to claim 11, wherein the information of the parking area includes information indicating a distance from the power-receiving vehicle to the parking area. 17. The information providing method according to claim 11, wherein the information of the parking area includes information indicating the utilization fee of the parking area. 18. The information providing method according to claim 11, wherein the information of the parking area includes information indicating whether or not the parking area is a parking area of an individual person. 19. The information providing method according to claim 11, wherein
the information providing method further comprises: when a location selected by the user of the power-supplying vehicle coincides with a location selected by the user of the power-receiving vehicle, setting the location selected by the users, as the gathering location. 20. The information providing method according to claim 11, wherein
the information providing method further comprises: when a location selected by the user of the power-supplying vehicle does not coincide with a location selected by the user of the power-receiving vehicle, setting, as the gathering location, a location automatically selected by the serve. | The server is configured to communicate with a plurality of power-supplying vehicles and a plurality of power-receiving vehicles. The server is configured to notify, to matched vehicles (candidate power-receiving vehicle and candidate power-supplying vehicle), a candidate gathering location list including respective pieces of information of a plurality of parking areas owned by third parties different from users of the matched vehicles, so as to make an inquiry to the users of the matched vehicles to select one of the plurality of parking areas included in the candidate gathering location list. The server is configured to determine a gathering location for the matched vehicles using the respective pieces of information of the parking areas selected by the users of the matched vehicles, and is configured to transmit the information of the parking area of the determined gathering location to the matched vehicles.1. A server configured to communicate with a power-supplying vehicle and a power-receiving vehicle, the server comprising:
a storage configured to store a location list including information of a plurality of parking areas; and a controller configured to:
notify the location list to the vehicles so as to make an inquiry to each of users of the vehicles to select one of the respective pieces of information of the plurality of parking areas included in the location list,
determine a gathering location for the vehicles using respective pieces of information of parking areas selected by the users of the vehicles, and
transmit information of the determined gathering location to the vehicles. 2. The server according to claim 1, wherein
the information of the parking area includes information indicating whether or not the parking area is a parking area of a commercial facility, and when the parking area is the parking area of the commercial facility, the information of the parking area includes information regarding the commercial facility. 3. The server according to claim 2, wherein the information regarding the commercial facility includes coupon information that is able to be offered by the commercial facility. 4. The server according to claim 2, wherein the information regarding the commercial facility includes information of a type of business dealt with by the commercial facility. 5. The server according to claim 1, wherein the information of the parking area includes information indicating a distance from the power-supplying vehicle to the parking area. 6. The server according to claim 1, wherein the information of the parking area includes information indicating a distance from the power-receiving vehicle to the parking area. 7. The server according to claim 1, wherein the information of the parking area includes information indicating the utilization fee of the parking area. 8. The server according to claim 1, wherein the information of the parking area includes information indicating whether or not the parking area is a parking area of an individual person. 9. The server according to claim 1, wherein
when a location selected by the user of the power-supplying vehicle coincides with a location selected by the user of the power-receiving vehicle, the controller sets the location selected by the users, as the gathering location. 10. The server according to claim 1, wherein
when a location selected by the user of the power-supplying vehicle does not coincide with a location selected by the user of the power-receiving vehicle, the controller sets, as the gathering location, a location automatically selected by the server. 11. An information providing method performed by a server configured to communicate with a power-supplying vehicle and a power-receiving vehicle, the server being configured to store a location list including information of a plurality of parking areas,
the information providing method comprising:
notifying the location list to the vehicles so as to make an inquiry to each of users of the vehicles to select one of the respective pieces of information of the plurality of parking areas included in the location list,
determining a gathering location for the vehicles using respective pieces of information of parking areas selected by the users of the vehicles, and
transmitting information of the determined gathering location to the vehicles. 12. The information providing method according to claim 11, wherein
the information of the parking area includes information indicating whether or not the parking area is a parking area of a commercial facility, and when the parking area is the parking area of the commercial facility, the information of the parking area includes information regarding the commercial facility. 13. The information providing method according to claim 12, wherein the information regarding the commercial facility includes coupon information that is able to be offered by the commercial facility. 14. The information providing method according to claim 12, wherein the information regarding the commercial facility includes information of a type of business dealt with by the commercial facility. 15. The information providing method according to claim 11, wherein the information of the parking area includes information indicating a distance from the power-supplying vehicle to the parking area. 16. The information providing method according to claim 11, wherein the information of the parking area includes information indicating a distance from the power-receiving vehicle to the parking area. 17. The information providing method according to claim 11, wherein the information of the parking area includes information indicating the utilization fee of the parking area. 18. The information providing method according to claim 11, wherein the information of the parking area includes information indicating whether or not the parking area is a parking area of an individual person. 19. The information providing method according to claim 11, wherein
the information providing method further comprises: when a location selected by the user of the power-supplying vehicle coincides with a location selected by the user of the power-receiving vehicle, setting the location selected by the users, as the gathering location. 20. The information providing method according to claim 11, wherein
the information providing method further comprises: when a location selected by the user of the power-supplying vehicle does not coincide with a location selected by the user of the power-receiving vehicle, setting, as the gathering location, a location automatically selected by the serve. | 3,700 |
349,290 | 16,806,809 | 3,785 | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. The described techniques may enable a first wireless device (e.g., a parent node) to transmit a control message to a second wireless device (e.g., a child node). The control message may include a resource reservation for communication with the second wireless device. The second wireless device may receive the control message and may transmit an acknowledgment message acknowledging successful reception of the resource reservation. The first wireless device may monitor for the acknowledgment message and may communicate with the second wireless device based on whether the acknowledgment message is received. For example, if the first wireless device receives feedback acknowledging successful reception of the resource reservation at the second wireless device, the devices may communicate data in the reserved resources. Otherwise, the first wireless device may retransmit a control message if the first control message was not successfully received. | 1. A method for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:
transmitting, to a second wireless device, a control message on a physical downlink control channel, wherein the control message comprises a resource reservation for communication with the second wireless device; monitoring a physical uplink control channel for an acknowledgment message acknowledging successful reception of the resource reservation at the second wireless device; and communicating with the second wireless device based at least in part on whether the acknowledgment message is received. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying an absence of the acknowledgment message within a monitoring window based at least in part on the monitoring. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the communicating comprises:
transmitting, to the second wireless device, an additional control message on the physical downlink control channel based at least in part on the identifying the absence of the acknowledgment message, wherein the additional control message comprises an additional resource reservation for communication with the second wireless device. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the resource reservation reserves a downlink resource on a physical downlink shared channel, the method further comprising:
receiving the acknowledgment message in response to the control message based at least in part on the monitoring, wherein the communicating comprises transmitting, to the second wireless device, a data message in the reserved downlink resource on the physical downlink shared channel. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the resource reservation reserves an uplink resource on a physical uplink shared channel, the method further comprising:
receiving the acknowledgment message in response to the control message based at least in part on the monitoring, wherein the communicating comprises receiving, from the second wireless device, a data message in the reserved uplink resource on the physical uplink shared channel. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the monitoring comprises:
monitoring for the acknowledgment message in a monitoring window between a first resource in which the control message is transmitted and a reserved resource corresponding to the resource reservation. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
determining a starting point of the monitoring window, an ending point of the monitoring window, or both based at least in part on a configuration of the first wireless device. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that a first mode is activated, wherein the monitoring is based at least in part on the activated first mode. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the control message is transmitted in a first resource separated in time from a reserved resource corresponding to the resource reservation by a first time gap, the method further comprising:
deactivating the first mode based at least in part on a measurement; and transmitting, to the second wireless device, an additional control message in a second resource on the physical downlink control channel, wherein the additional control message comprises an additional resource reservation reserving an additional reserved resource separated in time from the second resource by a second time gap shorter than the first time gap based at least in part on the deactivated first mode. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the first mode comprises a high pathloss mode. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the control message indicates an acknowledgment resource for receiving the acknowledgment message. 12. A method for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:
receiving, from a second wireless device, a control message on a physical downlink control channel, wherein the control message comprises a resource reservation for communication with the second wireless device; transmitting, to the second wireless device, an acknowledgment message on a physical uplink control channel, wherein the acknowledgment message acknowledges successful reception of the resource reservation at the first wireless device; and communicating with the second wireless device based at least in part on the resource reservation. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the resource reservation reserves a downlink resource on a physical downlink shared channel, the method further comprising:
receiving, from the second wireless device, a data message in the reserved downlink resource on the physical downlink shared channel. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the resource reservation reserves an uplink resource on a physical uplink shared channel, the method further comprising:
transmitting, to the second wireless device, a data message in the reserved uplink resource on the physical uplink shared channel. 15. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
identifying that a first mode is activated, wherein the transmitting the acknowledgment message is based at least in part on the activated first mode. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
deactivating the first mode based at least in part on a measurement; receiving, from the second wireless device, an additional control message on the physical downlink control channel, wherein the additional control message comprises an additional resource reservation for communication with the second wireless device; and communicating with the second wireless device based at least in part on the additional resource reservation. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the first mode comprises a high pathloss mode. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein the transmitting the acknowledgment message comprises:
transmitting the acknowledgment message in an acknowledgment resource subsequent to a first resource in which the control message is received and prior to a reserved resource corresponding to the resource reservation. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
determining the acknowledgment resource based at least in part on the first resource in which the control message is received or the reserved resource corresponding to the resource reservation or both. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
determining the acknowledgment resource based at least in part on an acknowledgment resource allocation in the control message. 21. An apparatus for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:
a processor, memory coupled with the processor, the processor and memory configured to:
transmit, to a second wireless device, a control message on a physical downlink control channel, wherein the control message comprises a resource reservation for communication with the second wireless device;
monitor a physical uplink control channel for an acknowledgment message acknowledging successful reception of the resource reservation at the second wireless device; and
communicate with the second wireless device based at least in part on whether the acknowledgment message is received. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the processor and memory are further configured to:
identify an absence of the acknowledgment message within a monitoring window based at least in part on the monitoring. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the processor and memory are further configured to:
transmit, to the second wireless device, an additional control message on the physical downlink control channel based at least in part on the identifying the absence of the acknowledgment message, wherein the additional control message comprises an additional resource reservation for communication with the second wireless device. 24. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the resource reservation reserves a downlink resource on a physical downlink shared channel, and the processor and memory are further configured to:
receive the acknowledgment message in response to the control message based at least in part on the monitoring, wherein the communicating comprises transmitting, to the second wireless device, a data message in the reserved downlink resource on the physical downlink shared channel. 25. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the resource reservation reserves an uplink resource on a physical uplink shared channel, and the processor and memory are further configured to:
receive the acknowledgment message in response to the control message based at least in part on the monitoring, wherein the communicating comprises receiving, from the second wireless device, a data message in the reserved uplink resource on the physical uplink shared channel. 26. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the processor and memory are further configured to:
monitor for the acknowledgment message in a monitoring window between a first resource in which the control message is transmitted and a reserved resource corresponding to the resource reservation. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the processor and memory are further configured to:
determine a starting point of the monitoring window, an ending point of the monitoring window, or both based at least in part on a configuration of the first wireless device. 28. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the processor and memory are further configured to:
determine that a first mode is activated, wherein the monitoring is based at least in part on the activated first mode. 29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the first mode comprises a high pathloss mode. 30. An apparatus for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:
a processor; and memory coupled with the processor, the processor and memory configured to:
receive, from a second wireless device, a control message on a physical downlink control channel, wherein the control message comprises a resource reservation for communication with the second wireless device;
transmit, to the second wireless device, an acknowledgment message on a physical uplink control channel, wherein the acknowledgment message acknowledges successful reception of the resource reservation at the first wireless device; and
communicate with the second wireless device based at least in part on the resource reservation. | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. The described techniques may enable a first wireless device (e.g., a parent node) to transmit a control message to a second wireless device (e.g., a child node). The control message may include a resource reservation for communication with the second wireless device. The second wireless device may receive the control message and may transmit an acknowledgment message acknowledging successful reception of the resource reservation. The first wireless device may monitor for the acknowledgment message and may communicate with the second wireless device based on whether the acknowledgment message is received. For example, if the first wireless device receives feedback acknowledging successful reception of the resource reservation at the second wireless device, the devices may communicate data in the reserved resources. Otherwise, the first wireless device may retransmit a control message if the first control message was not successfully received.1. A method for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:
transmitting, to a second wireless device, a control message on a physical downlink control channel, wherein the control message comprises a resource reservation for communication with the second wireless device; monitoring a physical uplink control channel for an acknowledgment message acknowledging successful reception of the resource reservation at the second wireless device; and communicating with the second wireless device based at least in part on whether the acknowledgment message is received. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying an absence of the acknowledgment message within a monitoring window based at least in part on the monitoring. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the communicating comprises:
transmitting, to the second wireless device, an additional control message on the physical downlink control channel based at least in part on the identifying the absence of the acknowledgment message, wherein the additional control message comprises an additional resource reservation for communication with the second wireless device. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the resource reservation reserves a downlink resource on a physical downlink shared channel, the method further comprising:
receiving the acknowledgment message in response to the control message based at least in part on the monitoring, wherein the communicating comprises transmitting, to the second wireless device, a data message in the reserved downlink resource on the physical downlink shared channel. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the resource reservation reserves an uplink resource on a physical uplink shared channel, the method further comprising:
receiving the acknowledgment message in response to the control message based at least in part on the monitoring, wherein the communicating comprises receiving, from the second wireless device, a data message in the reserved uplink resource on the physical uplink shared channel. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the monitoring comprises:
monitoring for the acknowledgment message in a monitoring window between a first resource in which the control message is transmitted and a reserved resource corresponding to the resource reservation. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
determining a starting point of the monitoring window, an ending point of the monitoring window, or both based at least in part on a configuration of the first wireless device. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that a first mode is activated, wherein the monitoring is based at least in part on the activated first mode. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the control message is transmitted in a first resource separated in time from a reserved resource corresponding to the resource reservation by a first time gap, the method further comprising:
deactivating the first mode based at least in part on a measurement; and transmitting, to the second wireless device, an additional control message in a second resource on the physical downlink control channel, wherein the additional control message comprises an additional resource reservation reserving an additional reserved resource separated in time from the second resource by a second time gap shorter than the first time gap based at least in part on the deactivated first mode. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the first mode comprises a high pathloss mode. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the control message indicates an acknowledgment resource for receiving the acknowledgment message. 12. A method for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:
receiving, from a second wireless device, a control message on a physical downlink control channel, wherein the control message comprises a resource reservation for communication with the second wireless device; transmitting, to the second wireless device, an acknowledgment message on a physical uplink control channel, wherein the acknowledgment message acknowledges successful reception of the resource reservation at the first wireless device; and communicating with the second wireless device based at least in part on the resource reservation. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the resource reservation reserves a downlink resource on a physical downlink shared channel, the method further comprising:
receiving, from the second wireless device, a data message in the reserved downlink resource on the physical downlink shared channel. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the resource reservation reserves an uplink resource on a physical uplink shared channel, the method further comprising:
transmitting, to the second wireless device, a data message in the reserved uplink resource on the physical uplink shared channel. 15. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
identifying that a first mode is activated, wherein the transmitting the acknowledgment message is based at least in part on the activated first mode. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
deactivating the first mode based at least in part on a measurement; receiving, from the second wireless device, an additional control message on the physical downlink control channel, wherein the additional control message comprises an additional resource reservation for communication with the second wireless device; and communicating with the second wireless device based at least in part on the additional resource reservation. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the first mode comprises a high pathloss mode. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein the transmitting the acknowledgment message comprises:
transmitting the acknowledgment message in an acknowledgment resource subsequent to a first resource in which the control message is received and prior to a reserved resource corresponding to the resource reservation. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
determining the acknowledgment resource based at least in part on the first resource in which the control message is received or the reserved resource corresponding to the resource reservation or both. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
determining the acknowledgment resource based at least in part on an acknowledgment resource allocation in the control message. 21. An apparatus for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:
a processor, memory coupled with the processor, the processor and memory configured to:
transmit, to a second wireless device, a control message on a physical downlink control channel, wherein the control message comprises a resource reservation for communication with the second wireless device;
monitor a physical uplink control channel for an acknowledgment message acknowledging successful reception of the resource reservation at the second wireless device; and
communicate with the second wireless device based at least in part on whether the acknowledgment message is received. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the processor and memory are further configured to:
identify an absence of the acknowledgment message within a monitoring window based at least in part on the monitoring. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the processor and memory are further configured to:
transmit, to the second wireless device, an additional control message on the physical downlink control channel based at least in part on the identifying the absence of the acknowledgment message, wherein the additional control message comprises an additional resource reservation for communication with the second wireless device. 24. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the resource reservation reserves a downlink resource on a physical downlink shared channel, and the processor and memory are further configured to:
receive the acknowledgment message in response to the control message based at least in part on the monitoring, wherein the communicating comprises transmitting, to the second wireless device, a data message in the reserved downlink resource on the physical downlink shared channel. 25. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the resource reservation reserves an uplink resource on a physical uplink shared channel, and the processor and memory are further configured to:
receive the acknowledgment message in response to the control message based at least in part on the monitoring, wherein the communicating comprises receiving, from the second wireless device, a data message in the reserved uplink resource on the physical uplink shared channel. 26. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the processor and memory are further configured to:
monitor for the acknowledgment message in a monitoring window between a first resource in which the control message is transmitted and a reserved resource corresponding to the resource reservation. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the processor and memory are further configured to:
determine a starting point of the monitoring window, an ending point of the monitoring window, or both based at least in part on a configuration of the first wireless device. 28. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the processor and memory are further configured to:
determine that a first mode is activated, wherein the monitoring is based at least in part on the activated first mode. 29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the first mode comprises a high pathloss mode. 30. An apparatus for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:
a processor; and memory coupled with the processor, the processor and memory configured to:
receive, from a second wireless device, a control message on a physical downlink control channel, wherein the control message comprises a resource reservation for communication with the second wireless device;
transmit, to the second wireless device, an acknowledgment message on a physical uplink control channel, wherein the acknowledgment message acknowledges successful reception of the resource reservation at the first wireless device; and
communicate with the second wireless device based at least in part on the resource reservation. | 3,700 |
349,291 | 16,806,861 | 3,785 | An electronic device includes a touchscreen display, a wireless communication circuit, a memory storing a framework, and at least one processor. The processor is configured to receive a first event or a second event, to provide the framework with a notification object associated with an event received among the first event and the second event, to parse the notification object to obtain one or more parameters, to select one or more tasks associated with the received event based on at least part of the one or more parameters by using the framework, to select a natural language expression indicating at least one task of the one or more tasks, to provide a user interface including the natural language expression, through the touchscreen display, and to execute the at least one task based at least partly on a user input of the natural language expression provided on the touchscreen display. | 1. An electronic device comprising:
a display; a wireless communication circuit; a memory; and at least one processor electrically connected to the display, the wireless communication circuit, and the memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
display a notification indicating an event on the display,
obtain one or more parameters from the notification by parsing the notification,
obtain one or more tasks associated with the event based on the one or more parameters,
display a user interface including a natural language expression indicating at least one task on the display,
receive a user input selecting at least a part of the natural language expression, and
execute the at least one task based on the user input. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to obtain the at least one task from an external electronic device using the wireless communication circuit. 3. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
transmit at least one parameter of the one or more parameters to the external electronic device, and receive, from the external electronic device, the at least one task as a response to transmitting the at least one parameter. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to receive the natural language expression from an external electronic device using the wireless communication circuit. 5. The electronic device of claim 4, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
transmit at least one parameter of the one or more parameters to the external electronic device, and receive, from the external electronic device, the natural language expression as a response to transmitting the at least one parameter. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one task includes a first task and a second task, and
wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: display a first natural language expression indicating the first task, and a second natural language expression indicating the second task as at least part of the natural language expression, through the user interface. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the memory stores a plurality of tasks including the one or more tasks, and
wherein the at least one processor is further configured to obtain the one or more tasks from the plurality of tasks in the memory. 8. The electronic device of claim 7, wherein the plurality of tasks includes a first set of tasks including one or more first tasks corresponding to a first domain and a second set of tasks including one or more second tasks corresponding to a second domain, and
wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: if the event corresponds to the first domain, select the one or more first tasks from the first set of tasks, and if the event corresponds to the second domain, select the one or more second tasks from the second set of tasks. 9. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the first domain corresponds to a first application program and the second domain corresponds to a second application program, and
wherein the at least one processor is further configured to select the one or more first tasks or the one or more second tasks further based on an application program corresponding to the event among the first application program and the second application program. 10. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
obtain context information of the electronic device, and generate the one or more tasks based at least in part on the context information. 11. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein the context information of the electronic device comprises information of an application program being executed by the electronic device. 12. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the event includes a reception of a call, a short message, or an instant message. 13. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the event is associated with power management, a memory state, or security of the electronic device. 14. A computer program product including instructions, when executed by an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform method of generating a hint, the method comprising:
displaying a notification indicating an event on a display of the electronic device; obtaining one or more parameters from the notification by parsing the notification; obtaining one or more tasks associated with the event based on the one or more parameters; displaying a user interface including a natural language expression indicating at least one task on the display; receiving a user input selecting at least a part of the natural language expression; and executing the at least one task based on the user input. 15. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein the obtaining one or more tasks comprises, receiving the at least one task of the one or more tasks from an external electronic device, before the receiving the user input. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the obtaining one or more tasks further comprises :
transmitting at least one parameter of the one or more parameters to the external electronic device, before the receiving of the at least one task. 17. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein the obtaining one or more tasks includes selecting the one or more tasks from a plurality of tasks stored in a memory of the electronic device. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the plurality of tasks includes a first set of tasks including one or more first tasks corresponding to a first domain and a second set of tasks including one or more second tasks corresponding to a second domain, and
wherein the selecting the one or more tasks includes: if the event corresponds to the first domain, selecting the one or more first tasks from the first set of tasks; and if the event corresponds to the second domain, selecting the one or more second tasks from the second set of tasks. 19. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein the obtaining one or more tasks comprises:
obtaining context information of the electronic device; and generating the one or more tasks based on the one or more parameters and the context information. 20. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein the event includes a reception of a call, a reception of a message, a power management event, an event induced from a battery state of the electronic device, or a security event of the electronic device. | An electronic device includes a touchscreen display, a wireless communication circuit, a memory storing a framework, and at least one processor. The processor is configured to receive a first event or a second event, to provide the framework with a notification object associated with an event received among the first event and the second event, to parse the notification object to obtain one or more parameters, to select one or more tasks associated with the received event based on at least part of the one or more parameters by using the framework, to select a natural language expression indicating at least one task of the one or more tasks, to provide a user interface including the natural language expression, through the touchscreen display, and to execute the at least one task based at least partly on a user input of the natural language expression provided on the touchscreen display.1. An electronic device comprising:
a display; a wireless communication circuit; a memory; and at least one processor electrically connected to the display, the wireless communication circuit, and the memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
display a notification indicating an event on the display,
obtain one or more parameters from the notification by parsing the notification,
obtain one or more tasks associated with the event based on the one or more parameters,
display a user interface including a natural language expression indicating at least one task on the display,
receive a user input selecting at least a part of the natural language expression, and
execute the at least one task based on the user input. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to obtain the at least one task from an external electronic device using the wireless communication circuit. 3. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
transmit at least one parameter of the one or more parameters to the external electronic device, and receive, from the external electronic device, the at least one task as a response to transmitting the at least one parameter. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to receive the natural language expression from an external electronic device using the wireless communication circuit. 5. The electronic device of claim 4, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
transmit at least one parameter of the one or more parameters to the external electronic device, and receive, from the external electronic device, the natural language expression as a response to transmitting the at least one parameter. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one task includes a first task and a second task, and
wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: display a first natural language expression indicating the first task, and a second natural language expression indicating the second task as at least part of the natural language expression, through the user interface. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the memory stores a plurality of tasks including the one or more tasks, and
wherein the at least one processor is further configured to obtain the one or more tasks from the plurality of tasks in the memory. 8. The electronic device of claim 7, wherein the plurality of tasks includes a first set of tasks including one or more first tasks corresponding to a first domain and a second set of tasks including one or more second tasks corresponding to a second domain, and
wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: if the event corresponds to the first domain, select the one or more first tasks from the first set of tasks, and if the event corresponds to the second domain, select the one or more second tasks from the second set of tasks. 9. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the first domain corresponds to a first application program and the second domain corresponds to a second application program, and
wherein the at least one processor is further configured to select the one or more first tasks or the one or more second tasks further based on an application program corresponding to the event among the first application program and the second application program. 10. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
obtain context information of the electronic device, and generate the one or more tasks based at least in part on the context information. 11. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein the context information of the electronic device comprises information of an application program being executed by the electronic device. 12. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the event includes a reception of a call, a short message, or an instant message. 13. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the event is associated with power management, a memory state, or security of the electronic device. 14. A computer program product including instructions, when executed by an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform method of generating a hint, the method comprising:
displaying a notification indicating an event on a display of the electronic device; obtaining one or more parameters from the notification by parsing the notification; obtaining one or more tasks associated with the event based on the one or more parameters; displaying a user interface including a natural language expression indicating at least one task on the display; receiving a user input selecting at least a part of the natural language expression; and executing the at least one task based on the user input. 15. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein the obtaining one or more tasks comprises, receiving the at least one task of the one or more tasks from an external electronic device, before the receiving the user input. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the obtaining one or more tasks further comprises :
transmitting at least one parameter of the one or more parameters to the external electronic device, before the receiving of the at least one task. 17. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein the obtaining one or more tasks includes selecting the one or more tasks from a plurality of tasks stored in a memory of the electronic device. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the plurality of tasks includes a first set of tasks including one or more first tasks corresponding to a first domain and a second set of tasks including one or more second tasks corresponding to a second domain, and
wherein the selecting the one or more tasks includes: if the event corresponds to the first domain, selecting the one or more first tasks from the first set of tasks; and if the event corresponds to the second domain, selecting the one or more second tasks from the second set of tasks. 19. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein the obtaining one or more tasks comprises:
obtaining context information of the electronic device; and generating the one or more tasks based on the one or more parameters and the context information. 20. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein the event includes a reception of a call, a reception of a message, a power management event, an event induced from a battery state of the electronic device, or a security event of the electronic device. | 3,700 |
349,292 | 16,806,862 | 3,785 | A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system is configured to detect combinatorial signatures stemming from homonuclear and heteronuclear J-couplings. The system comprises a pre-polarization system, a detector, and NMR electronics, wherein the detector includes an NMR magnet with a magnetic field of strength between 300 mT and 10 ΞΌT. | 1. A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system configured to detect combinatorial signatures stemming from homonuclear and heteronuclear J-couplings, the system comprising:
a pre-polarization system, a detector, and NMR electronics, wherein the detector includes an NMR magnet with a magnetic field of strength between 300 mT and 10 ΞΌT. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the detector further includes a shimming system configured to increase homogeneity of the magnetic field to values between 1-100 ppm. 3. The system of claim 2, further comprising a shuttling device configured to shuttle a sample between the pre-polarization system and the detector in a time interval less than 1 s. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the shuttling system to move the sample between the prepolarizing system and the detector uses a mechanical linear actuator. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the shuttling system to move the sample between the prepolarizing system and the detector is a flow-based or microfluidics-based device. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the flow-based or microfluidics-based shuttling system to move the sample between the prepolarizing system and the detector provides a steady-state prepolarization of the sample. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the detector further includes an excitation coil and a detection coil. 8. The system of claim 4, wherein the excitation coil and the detection coil are radio frequency coils. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is capable of detection for samples larger than 1 nL. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is capable of detection for samples containing different nuclei with concentrations between 110M and 1 ΞΌM. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is configured to detect one or more chemical war agents. and similar organophosphorus compounds. 8A A system of claim 1 in which the system is configured to detect one or more heteronuclei that contain one or more heteronuclear J-couplings. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein a size of the system is less than 1 cubic meter. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is portable. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein a weight of the system is less than 20 Kg according to paragraph 51 15. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is configured to detect molecules with heteronuclear J-couplings of any form, including XM-A-BβXk, such that the heteronuclear J-coupling falls into one or more of the J-coupling regimes. 16. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is configured to provide simultaneous excitation and detection (Λ3 kHz) of all spin active nuclei in the sample using a uniformly exciting pulse. 17. The system of claim 1, further comprising a resonant circuitry configured for detection. 18. The system of claim 1, further comprising a non-resonant circuitry configured for detection. 19. A method for deriving a pseudo empirical formula for a sample using an NMR, the method comprising:
detecting an NMR signal; normalizing the NMR signal by a Q factor; normalizing the NMR signal by a tip angle; normalizing the NMR signal by a w-square value; integrating a peak area; and deriving the pseudo-empirical formula based on the peak area. | A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system is configured to detect combinatorial signatures stemming from homonuclear and heteronuclear J-couplings. The system comprises a pre-polarization system, a detector, and NMR electronics, wherein the detector includes an NMR magnet with a magnetic field of strength between 300 mT and 10 ΞΌT.1. A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system configured to detect combinatorial signatures stemming from homonuclear and heteronuclear J-couplings, the system comprising:
a pre-polarization system, a detector, and NMR electronics, wherein the detector includes an NMR magnet with a magnetic field of strength between 300 mT and 10 ΞΌT. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the detector further includes a shimming system configured to increase homogeneity of the magnetic field to values between 1-100 ppm. 3. The system of claim 2, further comprising a shuttling device configured to shuttle a sample between the pre-polarization system and the detector in a time interval less than 1 s. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the shuttling system to move the sample between the prepolarizing system and the detector uses a mechanical linear actuator. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the shuttling system to move the sample between the prepolarizing system and the detector is a flow-based or microfluidics-based device. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the flow-based or microfluidics-based shuttling system to move the sample between the prepolarizing system and the detector provides a steady-state prepolarization of the sample. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the detector further includes an excitation coil and a detection coil. 8. The system of claim 4, wherein the excitation coil and the detection coil are radio frequency coils. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is capable of detection for samples larger than 1 nL. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is capable of detection for samples containing different nuclei with concentrations between 110M and 1 ΞΌM. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is configured to detect one or more chemical war agents. and similar organophosphorus compounds. 8A A system of claim 1 in which the system is configured to detect one or more heteronuclei that contain one or more heteronuclear J-couplings. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein a size of the system is less than 1 cubic meter. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is portable. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein a weight of the system is less than 20 Kg according to paragraph 51 15. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is configured to detect molecules with heteronuclear J-couplings of any form, including XM-A-BβXk, such that the heteronuclear J-coupling falls into one or more of the J-coupling regimes. 16. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is configured to provide simultaneous excitation and detection (Λ3 kHz) of all spin active nuclei in the sample using a uniformly exciting pulse. 17. The system of claim 1, further comprising a resonant circuitry configured for detection. 18. The system of claim 1, further comprising a non-resonant circuitry configured for detection. 19. A method for deriving a pseudo empirical formula for a sample using an NMR, the method comprising:
detecting an NMR signal; normalizing the NMR signal by a Q factor; normalizing the NMR signal by a tip angle; normalizing the NMR signal by a w-square value; integrating a peak area; and deriving the pseudo-empirical formula based on the peak area. | 3,700 |
349,293 | 16,806,835 | 3,785 | A computer-implemented method and system for encrypting an executable of a computer software for installation using a distributed hash table and a peer-to-peer distributed ledger. This may be the Bitcoin blockchain or an alternative implementation. The method may include determining a generator value. The method may include determining a generator value (GV), determining a second user public key (PU2) associated with a second user (U2) from a transaction record stored on the peer-to-peer distributed ledger, determining a second user second public key (P2U2) based on the second user public key (PU2) and the generator value (GV), wherein the second user second public key (P2U2) forms a cryptographic pair with a second user second private key (V2U2), determining a first user second private key (V2U1) based on a first user private key (VU1) and the generator value (GV), wherein a first user second public key (P2U1) forms a cryptographic pair with the first user second private key (V2U1), determining a common secret (CS) based on the second user second public key (P2U2) and the first user second private key (V2U1), encrypting the executable of the computer software with the common secret (CS) to generate an encrypted executable of the computer software, and making the encrypted executable of the computer software available, to another computing entity, in the storage location. | 1-17. (canceled) 18. A computer-implemented method of encrypting an executable of a computer software for installation using a storage location and a peer-to-peer distributed ledger, the method comprising:
determining a generator value (GV); determining a second user public key (PU2) associated with a second user (U2) from a transaction record stored on the peer-to-peer distributed ledger; determining a second user second public key (P2U2) based on the second user public key (PU2) and the generator value (GV), wherein the second user second public key (P2U2) forms a cryptographic pair with a second user second private key (V2U2); determining a first user second private key (V2U1) based on a first user private key (VU1) and the generator value (GV), wherein a first user second public key (P2U1) forms a cryptographic pair with the first user second private key (V2U1); determining a common secret (CS) based on the second user second public key (P2U2) and the first user second private key (V2U1); encrypting the executable of the computer software with the common secret (CS) to generate an encrypted executable of the computer software; and making the encrypted executable of the computer software available, to another computing entity, in the storage location. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the encrypted executable of the computer software is decrypted by the another computing entity at least:
determining the common secret (CS) based on the first user second public key (P2U1) and the second user second private key (V2U2); and decrypting the executable of the computer software with the common secret (CS) to generate a decrypted executable of the computer software. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprises causing the another computing entity to install the decrypted executable of the computer software on a processing device associated with the second user (U2) as a result of the encrypted executable of the computer software being made available to the another computer entity. 21. The method of claim 20, further comprises, prior to installation of the decrypted executable of the computer software:
determining an activation key (AK) from the second user (U2); and executing instructions of the decrypted executable of the computer software based on the activation key (AK). 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the activation key (AK) is deterministically derived based at least in part on a seed activation key. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein integrity of the computer software is verified by the another computing entity by at least:
determining the common secret (CS) based on the first user second public key (P2U1) and the second user second private key (V2U2); decrypting the executable of the computer software with the common secret (CS) to generate a decrypted executable of the computer software; determining a metadata (M) associated with a transaction record stored on a peer-to-peer distributed ledger; determining an indication of an entry stored on the storage location from the metadata (M); determining a third hash value (H3) based on the computer software; determining a fourth hash value (H4) from the entry on the storage location; comparing the third hash value (H3) and the fourth hash value (H4); and verifying the integrity of the computer software based on the comparing of the third hash value (H3) and the fourth hash value (H4). 24. The method of claim 23, wherein comparing the third hash value (H3) and the fourth hash value (H4) comprises determining whether the third hash value (H3) and the fourth hash value (H4) match. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein before determining the metadata (M), the method comprises:
determining a second user public key (PU2) associated with a second user (U2) from a transaction record stored on the peer-to-peer distributed ledger; determining a second public key (P2) associated with the second user (U2) from an entry stored on the storage location; comparing the second user public key (PU2) and the second public key (P2); and verifying ownership of the computer software based on the comparing of the second user public key (PU2) and the second public key (P2). 26. The method of claim 25, wherein comparing the second user public key (PU2) and the second public key (P2) comprises determining whether the second user public key (PU2) and the second public key (P2) match. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein before determining the second user public key (PU2) the method comprises:
determining a data (D1) associated with the computer software; determining a first hash value (H1) of the computer software; determining a second hash value (H2) based on the data (D1) and the computer software; sending, over a communications network, the data (D1), the first hash value (H1) and the second hash value (H2) to an entry for storage in the storage location, wherein the second hash value (H2) is a key of a key-value pair and the data (D1) and the first hash value (H1) are a value in the key-value pair; and determining the metadata (M) comprising the second hash value (H2) for storage on the peer-to-peer distributed ledger. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the computer software comprises a header and a body. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the third hash value (H3) is determined from the body of the computer software. 30. The method of claim 28, wherein the header comprises a hash value of the body of the computer software. 31. The method of claim 28, wherein the header further comprises the second hash value (H2). 32. A computer software program comprising machine-readable instructions to cause a processing device to implement the method of claim 18. 33. A computer system for encrypting an executable of a computer software for installation, the method comprising, the computer system comprising a processing device associated with a node on a peer-to-peer network of nodes, configured to:
determine a generator value (GV); determine a second user public key (PU2) associated with a second user (U2) from a transaction record stored on a peer-to-peer distributed ledger; determine a second user second public key (P2U2) based on the second user public key (PU2) and the generator value (GV), wherein the second user second public key (P2U2) forms a cryptographic pair with a second user second private key (V2U2); determine a first user second private key (V2U1) based on a first user private key (VU1) and the generator value (GV), wherein a first user second public key (P2U1) forms a cryptographic pair with the first user second private key (V2U1); determine a common secret (CS) based on the second user second public key (P2U2) and the first user second private key (V2U1); encrypt the executable of the computer software with the common secret (CS) to generate an encrypted executable of the computer software; and make the encrypted executable of the computer software available to another computing entity. | A computer-implemented method and system for encrypting an executable of a computer software for installation using a distributed hash table and a peer-to-peer distributed ledger. This may be the Bitcoin blockchain or an alternative implementation. The method may include determining a generator value. The method may include determining a generator value (GV), determining a second user public key (PU2) associated with a second user (U2) from a transaction record stored on the peer-to-peer distributed ledger, determining a second user second public key (P2U2) based on the second user public key (PU2) and the generator value (GV), wherein the second user second public key (P2U2) forms a cryptographic pair with a second user second private key (V2U2), determining a first user second private key (V2U1) based on a first user private key (VU1) and the generator value (GV), wherein a first user second public key (P2U1) forms a cryptographic pair with the first user second private key (V2U1), determining a common secret (CS) based on the second user second public key (P2U2) and the first user second private key (V2U1), encrypting the executable of the computer software with the common secret (CS) to generate an encrypted executable of the computer software, and making the encrypted executable of the computer software available, to another computing entity, in the storage location.1-17. (canceled) 18. A computer-implemented method of encrypting an executable of a computer software for installation using a storage location and a peer-to-peer distributed ledger, the method comprising:
determining a generator value (GV); determining a second user public key (PU2) associated with a second user (U2) from a transaction record stored on the peer-to-peer distributed ledger; determining a second user second public key (P2U2) based on the second user public key (PU2) and the generator value (GV), wherein the second user second public key (P2U2) forms a cryptographic pair with a second user second private key (V2U2); determining a first user second private key (V2U1) based on a first user private key (VU1) and the generator value (GV), wherein a first user second public key (P2U1) forms a cryptographic pair with the first user second private key (V2U1); determining a common secret (CS) based on the second user second public key (P2U2) and the first user second private key (V2U1); encrypting the executable of the computer software with the common secret (CS) to generate an encrypted executable of the computer software; and making the encrypted executable of the computer software available, to another computing entity, in the storage location. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the encrypted executable of the computer software is decrypted by the another computing entity at least:
determining the common secret (CS) based on the first user second public key (P2U1) and the second user second private key (V2U2); and decrypting the executable of the computer software with the common secret (CS) to generate a decrypted executable of the computer software. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprises causing the another computing entity to install the decrypted executable of the computer software on a processing device associated with the second user (U2) as a result of the encrypted executable of the computer software being made available to the another computer entity. 21. The method of claim 20, further comprises, prior to installation of the decrypted executable of the computer software:
determining an activation key (AK) from the second user (U2); and executing instructions of the decrypted executable of the computer software based on the activation key (AK). 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the activation key (AK) is deterministically derived based at least in part on a seed activation key. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein integrity of the computer software is verified by the another computing entity by at least:
determining the common secret (CS) based on the first user second public key (P2U1) and the second user second private key (V2U2); decrypting the executable of the computer software with the common secret (CS) to generate a decrypted executable of the computer software; determining a metadata (M) associated with a transaction record stored on a peer-to-peer distributed ledger; determining an indication of an entry stored on the storage location from the metadata (M); determining a third hash value (H3) based on the computer software; determining a fourth hash value (H4) from the entry on the storage location; comparing the third hash value (H3) and the fourth hash value (H4); and verifying the integrity of the computer software based on the comparing of the third hash value (H3) and the fourth hash value (H4). 24. The method of claim 23, wherein comparing the third hash value (H3) and the fourth hash value (H4) comprises determining whether the third hash value (H3) and the fourth hash value (H4) match. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein before determining the metadata (M), the method comprises:
determining a second user public key (PU2) associated with a second user (U2) from a transaction record stored on the peer-to-peer distributed ledger; determining a second public key (P2) associated with the second user (U2) from an entry stored on the storage location; comparing the second user public key (PU2) and the second public key (P2); and verifying ownership of the computer software based on the comparing of the second user public key (PU2) and the second public key (P2). 26. The method of claim 25, wherein comparing the second user public key (PU2) and the second public key (P2) comprises determining whether the second user public key (PU2) and the second public key (P2) match. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein before determining the second user public key (PU2) the method comprises:
determining a data (D1) associated with the computer software; determining a first hash value (H1) of the computer software; determining a second hash value (H2) based on the data (D1) and the computer software; sending, over a communications network, the data (D1), the first hash value (H1) and the second hash value (H2) to an entry for storage in the storage location, wherein the second hash value (H2) is a key of a key-value pair and the data (D1) and the first hash value (H1) are a value in the key-value pair; and determining the metadata (M) comprising the second hash value (H2) for storage on the peer-to-peer distributed ledger. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the computer software comprises a header and a body. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the third hash value (H3) is determined from the body of the computer software. 30. The method of claim 28, wherein the header comprises a hash value of the body of the computer software. 31. The method of claim 28, wherein the header further comprises the second hash value (H2). 32. A computer software program comprising machine-readable instructions to cause a processing device to implement the method of claim 18. 33. A computer system for encrypting an executable of a computer software for installation, the method comprising, the computer system comprising a processing device associated with a node on a peer-to-peer network of nodes, configured to:
determine a generator value (GV); determine a second user public key (PU2) associated with a second user (U2) from a transaction record stored on a peer-to-peer distributed ledger; determine a second user second public key (P2U2) based on the second user public key (PU2) and the generator value (GV), wherein the second user second public key (P2U2) forms a cryptographic pair with a second user second private key (V2U2); determine a first user second private key (V2U1) based on a first user private key (VU1) and the generator value (GV), wherein a first user second public key (P2U1) forms a cryptographic pair with the first user second private key (V2U1); determine a common secret (CS) based on the second user second public key (P2U2) and the first user second private key (V2U1); encrypt the executable of the computer software with the common secret (CS) to generate an encrypted executable of the computer software; and make the encrypted executable of the computer software available to another computing entity. | 3,700 |
349,294 | 16,806,851 | 3,785 | Methods and apparatus to perform audio watermarking and watermark detection and extraction are disclosed. Example apparatus include means for transforming an audio signal into a frequency domain representation, and means for determining characteristics of frequencies of the frequency domain representation that may contain the code. In some examples, the means for determining is to normalize the characteristics of the frequencies of the frequency domain representation in respective ones of the code bands that may contain the code to determine normalized characteristics of the frequencies representative of the code, a respective one of the code bands that may contain the code to be normalized against a first characteristic of a first frequency in that code band; sum the normalized characteristics of the frequencies representative of the code; determine the sum is representative of the code when the sum satisfies a threshold; and validate the code based on an encoding scheme. | 1. An apparatus to decode an audio signal to obtain a code, the code encoded in the audio signal with a plurality of frequency components in a plurality of code bands, the apparatus comprising:
means for transforming the audio signal into a frequency domain representation; and means for determining characteristics of frequencies of the frequency domain representation that may contain the code, the means for determining to:
normalize the characteristics of the frequencies of the frequency domain representation in respective ones of the code bands that may contain the code to determine normalized characteristics of the frequencies representative of the code, a respective one of the code bands that may contain the code to be normalized against a first characteristic of a first frequency in that code band;
sum the normalized characteristics of the frequencies representative of the code to determine a sum for the frequencies representative of the code;
determine that the sum is representative of the code when the sum satisfies a threshold; and
validate the code based on an encoding scheme. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein different sets of the frequency components represent respectively different information, one frequency component from each of the sets of the frequency components is located in a code band, there are multiple code bands, and spacing between adjacent code bands is equal to or less than the spacing between adjacent frequency components of each code band. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the characteristics of the frequencies that may contain the code are amplitudes of the frequencies. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the characteristics of the frequencies that may contain the code are energies of the frequencies. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the means for determining is to reduce a number of frequencies processed after the code is determined. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the code includes synchronization information. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first characteristic is a magnitude of a frequency component having the highest energy in that code band. 8. An apparatus to decode an audio signal to obtain a code, the code encoded in the audio signal with a plurality of frequency components in a plurality of code bands, the apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a processor to execute instructions stored in the memory to at least:
transform the audio signal into a frequency domain representation;
determine characteristics of frequencies of the frequency domain representation that may contain the code;
normalize the characteristics of the frequencies of the frequency domain representation in respective ones of the plurality of code bands that may contain the code to determine normalized characteristics of the frequencies representative of the code, a respective one of the code bands that may contain the code to be normalized against a first characteristic of a first frequency in that code band;
sum the normalized characteristics of the frequencies representative of the code to determine a sum for the frequencies representative of the code;
determine that the sum is representative of the code when the sum satisfies a threshold; and
validate the code based on an encoding scheme. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein different sets of the frequency components represent respectively different information, one frequency component from each of the sets of the frequency components is located in a code band, there are multiple code bands, and spacing between adjacent code bands is equal to or less than the spacing between adjacent frequency components of each code band. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the characteristics of the frequencies that may contain the code are amplitudes of the frequencies. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the characteristics of the frequencies that may contain the code are energies of the frequencies. 12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processor is to reduce a number of frequencies processed after the code is determined. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the code includes synchronization information. 14. A system to decode an audio signal, the system comprising:
a receiver to receive the audio signal; a converter to transform the encoded audio signal into a frequency domain representation; and a monitor to:
determine characteristics of frequencies of the frequency domain representation that may contain the code;
normalize the characteristics of the frequencies of the frequency domain representation in respective ones of the code bands that may contain the code to determine normalized characteristics of the frequencies representative of the code, a respective one of the code bands that may contain the code to be normalized against a first characteristic of a first frequency in that code band;
sum the normalized characteristics of the frequencies representative of the the code to determine a sum for the frequencies representative of the code;
determine that the sum is representative of the code when the sum satisfies a threshold; and
validate the code based on an encoding scheme. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein different sets of the frequency components represent respectively different information, one frequency component from each of the sets of the frequency components is located in a code band, there are multiple code bands, and spacing between adjacent code bands is equal to or less than the spacing between adjacent frequency components of each code band. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the characteristics of the frequencies that may contain the code are amplitudes of the frequencies. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the characteristics of the frequencies that may contain the code are energies of the frequencies. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein the monitor is to reduce a number of frequencies processed after the code is determined. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the code includes synchronization information. 20. The system of claim 14, wherein the first characteristic is a magnitude of a frequency component having the highest energy in that code band. | Methods and apparatus to perform audio watermarking and watermark detection and extraction are disclosed. Example apparatus include means for transforming an audio signal into a frequency domain representation, and means for determining characteristics of frequencies of the frequency domain representation that may contain the code. In some examples, the means for determining is to normalize the characteristics of the frequencies of the frequency domain representation in respective ones of the code bands that may contain the code to determine normalized characteristics of the frequencies representative of the code, a respective one of the code bands that may contain the code to be normalized against a first characteristic of a first frequency in that code band; sum the normalized characteristics of the frequencies representative of the code; determine the sum is representative of the code when the sum satisfies a threshold; and validate the code based on an encoding scheme.1. An apparatus to decode an audio signal to obtain a code, the code encoded in the audio signal with a plurality of frequency components in a plurality of code bands, the apparatus comprising:
means for transforming the audio signal into a frequency domain representation; and means for determining characteristics of frequencies of the frequency domain representation that may contain the code, the means for determining to:
normalize the characteristics of the frequencies of the frequency domain representation in respective ones of the code bands that may contain the code to determine normalized characteristics of the frequencies representative of the code, a respective one of the code bands that may contain the code to be normalized against a first characteristic of a first frequency in that code band;
sum the normalized characteristics of the frequencies representative of the code to determine a sum for the frequencies representative of the code;
determine that the sum is representative of the code when the sum satisfies a threshold; and
validate the code based on an encoding scheme. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein different sets of the frequency components represent respectively different information, one frequency component from each of the sets of the frequency components is located in a code band, there are multiple code bands, and spacing between adjacent code bands is equal to or less than the spacing between adjacent frequency components of each code band. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the characteristics of the frequencies that may contain the code are amplitudes of the frequencies. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the characteristics of the frequencies that may contain the code are energies of the frequencies. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the means for determining is to reduce a number of frequencies processed after the code is determined. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the code includes synchronization information. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first characteristic is a magnitude of a frequency component having the highest energy in that code band. 8. An apparatus to decode an audio signal to obtain a code, the code encoded in the audio signal with a plurality of frequency components in a plurality of code bands, the apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a processor to execute instructions stored in the memory to at least:
transform the audio signal into a frequency domain representation;
determine characteristics of frequencies of the frequency domain representation that may contain the code;
normalize the characteristics of the frequencies of the frequency domain representation in respective ones of the plurality of code bands that may contain the code to determine normalized characteristics of the frequencies representative of the code, a respective one of the code bands that may contain the code to be normalized against a first characteristic of a first frequency in that code band;
sum the normalized characteristics of the frequencies representative of the code to determine a sum for the frequencies representative of the code;
determine that the sum is representative of the code when the sum satisfies a threshold; and
validate the code based on an encoding scheme. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein different sets of the frequency components represent respectively different information, one frequency component from each of the sets of the frequency components is located in a code band, there are multiple code bands, and spacing between adjacent code bands is equal to or less than the spacing between adjacent frequency components of each code band. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the characteristics of the frequencies that may contain the code are amplitudes of the frequencies. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the characteristics of the frequencies that may contain the code are energies of the frequencies. 12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processor is to reduce a number of frequencies processed after the code is determined. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the code includes synchronization information. 14. A system to decode an audio signal, the system comprising:
a receiver to receive the audio signal; a converter to transform the encoded audio signal into a frequency domain representation; and a monitor to:
determine characteristics of frequencies of the frequency domain representation that may contain the code;
normalize the characteristics of the frequencies of the frequency domain representation in respective ones of the code bands that may contain the code to determine normalized characteristics of the frequencies representative of the code, a respective one of the code bands that may contain the code to be normalized against a first characteristic of a first frequency in that code band;
sum the normalized characteristics of the frequencies representative of the the code to determine a sum for the frequencies representative of the code;
determine that the sum is representative of the code when the sum satisfies a threshold; and
validate the code based on an encoding scheme. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein different sets of the frequency components represent respectively different information, one frequency component from each of the sets of the frequency components is located in a code band, there are multiple code bands, and spacing between adjacent code bands is equal to or less than the spacing between adjacent frequency components of each code band. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the characteristics of the frequencies that may contain the code are amplitudes of the frequencies. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the characteristics of the frequencies that may contain the code are energies of the frequencies. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein the monitor is to reduce a number of frequencies processed after the code is determined. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the code includes synchronization information. 20. The system of claim 14, wherein the first characteristic is a magnitude of a frequency component having the highest energy in that code band. | 3,700 |
349,295 | 16,806,871 | 1,747 | A smoking-cessation device and method includes a vaporization device and smoking-cessation method. The device includes two pods, each of which is a consumable, interchangeable component that contains a capsule tank with a measured amount of vaporizable liquid. Measures of a substance containing a drug such as nicotine may be delivered via instructions from a computer-readable medium to each pod as part of a smoking-cessation regimen. The regimen can be changed and reprogrammed by a medical practitioner to delivery varying amounts of drug according to a person's adherence to a defined smoking-cessation regimen. Eventually the drug dosage will be reduced, and the non-drug liquid will increase until the user reduces his or her dependence on the drug. | 1. A method and apparatus for ceasing use of a substance comprising:
a first body defining a first interior volume; and a first pod and a second pod disposed within said first interior volume; and a first conduit fluidly engaged with said first pod and said second pod and further fluidly engaged with the exterior of said first body through an orifice for inhaling therethrough; and said first pod containing an amount of a vaporizable liquid containing a substance; and said second pod containing an amount of vaporizable liquid containing inert ingredients; and said first pod having a first wick coupled with a first heating element for creating a vapor from said liquid containing vaporizable substance; and said second pod having a second wick coupled with a second heating element for creating a vapor from said liquid containing inert ingredients; and said vapor from vaporizable liquid containing a substance and said vapor from said liquid containing inert ingredients movable through said first conduit; and a second body defining a second interior volume; and a power source disposed within the second body; and a microcontroller in selective communication with a client computing device, the microcontroller storing machine-readable instructions from the client computing device for controlling power control circuitry; wherein said power control circuitry is controlled by said microcontroller to provide varied power to said first heating element and said second heating element for the purpose of controlling the amount of vaporizable substance vaporized and the amount of inert ingredients vaporized for controlling the dosage of said substance for inhaling; and said machine-readable instructions instructing a gradual reduction in the dose of said vaporizable substance while instructing a gradual increase in the amount of vaporizable, inert ingredients over time. 2. The apparatus and method of claim 1 further comprising:
said machine-readable instructions including:
instructions to vaporize said liquid containing vaporizable substance, for a period of less than a set hit duration; and
instructions to vaporize said liquid containing inert ingredients for the remainder of set hit duration. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
a target value of voltage and current for said first heating element; and
a target value of voltage and current for said second heating element; and
a resistor for measuring temperature resistance in said first heating element; and
a resistor for measuring temperature resistance in said second heating element, each electronically engaged with said microprocessor for providing a feedback loop for determining the temperature and duration of heat applied to said first wick and said second wick; wherein
the amount of heat from each heating element is sufficiently controlled so as to provide a specific volume of vapor and a known quantity of substance in said specific volume of vapor from said vaporizable liquid containing a substance. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
an atmospheric pressure sensor engaged with said microcontroller; and
a second conduit in fluid communication between said atmospheric pressure sensor and said first body for measuring changes in atmospheric pressure in said first body;
wherein
a substantial change in atmospheric pressure denotes inhalation through the apparatus, and each event of inhalation through the apparatus is counted as one hit. 5. The apparatus of claim 4 further comprising:
a non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing instructions in said microcontroller, recording changes in atmospheric pressure as measured by said atmospheric pressure sensor; and
a substantial change in atmospheric pressure in said first body denotes the inhalation of vapor from said apparatus; and each event of inhalation of vapor is counted as one hit; and
the average number of hits per day during the control period is measured; and
a significant increase in the number of hits in one day above said average number of hits triggers an event; wherein
non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions in said microcontroller recording said event and sending a notification to an administrator. 6. A method for ceasing use of a substance using the apparatus of claim 3 comprising:
determining an initial dose of a substance; and
determining a control-period duration; and
delivering, for the duration of said control period, said initial dose by using the apparatus of claim 1 for the purpose of:
wicking an amount of said liquid containing a substance; and
heating said amount of liquid containing a substance in said wick until it is vaporized; and
continuing said heating until the amount of substance vaporized is equal to said initial dose; and
setting a number of days for cessation; and
dividing said initial dose by said number of days for cessation to determine a regression constant; and
beginning said number of days for cessation; and
calculating a current dose by subtracting a volume equal to said regression constant from a previous day's dose; and
replacing amount of vapor subtracted, by subtracting said regression constant from a previous day's dose, with vapor containing inert ingredients; and
continuing until the current dose is equal to zero, and vapor containing inert ingredients occupies the entire volume of vapor; wherein
the amount of vapor containing a substance remains constant during said control period and is gradually reduced to zero during said number of days for cessation. 7. The method for ceasing use of a substance of claim 6 further comprising:
delivering, for the duration of said control period, said initial dose by using the apparatus of claim 1 for the purpose of:
storing a volume of vaporizable liquid containing a substance; and
storing a volume of vaporizable liquid containing inert ingredients; and
wicking an amount of vaporizable liquid containing a substance; and
wicking an amount of vaporizable liquid containing inert ingredients; and
heating first wick until a first vapor forms for a set duration of a hit;
heating second wick until a second vapor forms to comprise the remainder of the hit; wherein
while the hit duration remains constant, the length of time in which the drug-containing vapor is delivered gradually reduces, and the length of time in which the vapor containing inert ingredients gradually increases, until the hit comprises 100 percent vapor containing inert ingredients. 8. The method for cessation of the use of a substance of claim 7 further comprising:
heating said first wick of the apparatus of claim 1 until a vapor forms; and
measuring the amount of heat applied to said first wick; and
calculating the amount of substance in said formed vapor from said first wick as a factor of heat applied and concentration of substance in said vaporizable liquid; and
heating said second wick of the apparatus of claim 1 until a vapor forms; and
measuring the amount of heat applied to said second wick; and
calculating the amount of inert ingredients in said formed vapor from said second wick as a factor of heat applied to said vaporizable liquid containing inert ingredients; and
reducing the calculated amount of substance in said vapor from said first wick and increasing the amount of inert ingredients in said vapor from said second wick by a set amount daily; wherein
the vapor is inhaled; and the vapor gradually contains less substance and more inert ingredients until the vapor contains only inert ingredients. 9. A method for ceasing use of a substance comprising:
a user interface for data entry of a user profile by a patient; and said user profile comprising: patient's history of substance use; and patient's daily dose of a substance; and patient's number of hits per day; and intended date of cessation; and information derived from data entry is converted to non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions; and said instructions create a cessation plan by a linear equation; and said instructions determine a control period; and said instructions determine an initial dose; and said instructions determine a regression constant; and said instructions are uploaded to the apparatus of claim 1; wherein said microprocessor carries out said instructions to provide measured initial dose during said control period and to subtract said control constant from each previous day's dose for the remainder of said cessation plan period and replace vapor containing said substance with vapor containing inert ingredients, continuing until all of said vapor in each of said hits per day is made up of inert ingredients. 10. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising:
said instructions recording changes in atmospheric pressure as measured by said atmospheric pressure sensor; and
a substantial change in atmospheric pressure in said first body denotes the inhalation of vapor from said apparatus; and each event of inhalation of vapor is counted as one hit; and
said instructions determine the average number of hits per day during the control period; and
a significant increase in the number of hits in one day above said average number of hits initiates said instructions to contact an administrator of said cessation plan. 11. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising:
said instructions recording changes in atmospheric pressure as measured by said atmospheric pressure sensor; and
a substantial change in atmospheric pressure in said first body denotes the inhalation of vapor from said apparatus; and each event of inhalation of vapor is counted as one hit; and
said instructions determine the average number of hits per day during the control period; and
a significant increase in the number of hits in one day above said average number of hits initiates said instructions to return to the most recent date wherein the number of hits per day were substantially equivalent to the average number of hits; and
a new end date is calculated by adding the number of days between the current date and the most recent date in which the number of hits per day were substantially equivalent to the average number of hits, to the current end date, to determine the new end date; and a new cessation plan is created using said linear equation; wherein
an adjustment is made in the cessation plan when the user deviates from the plan. 12. A method for ceasing use of a substance comprising:
a user interface for data entry of a user profile by a patient; and said user profile comprising: patient's history of substance use; and patient's daily dose of a substance; and patient's number of hits per day; and intended date of cessation; and information derived from data entry is converted to non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing instructions; and said instructions create a cessation plan by an exponential equation; and said instructions determine a control period; and said instructions determine an initial dose; and said instructions determine a regression constant; and said instructions are uploaded to the apparatus of claim 1; wherein said microprocessor carries out said instructions to provide measured initial dose during said control period and to calculate an exponential change in the dose for the remainder of said cessation plan period and replace vapor containing said substance with vapor containing inert ingredients; continuing until all of said volume of vapor in each of said hits per day is made up of inert ingredients. 13. The apparatus of claim 12 further comprising:
said instructions recording changes in atmospheric pressure as measured by said atmospheric pressure sensor; and
a substantial change in atmospheric pressure in said first body denotes the inhalation of vapor from said apparatus; and each event of inhalation of vapor is counted as one hit; and
said instructions determine the average number of hits per day during the control period; and
a significant increase in the number of hits in one day above said average number of hits initiates said instructions to decrease the absolute value of the regression constant; and
a new daily dose is calculated using the exponential formula; wherein
taking more than the average number of hits per day alters the instructions to accommodate user deviation in the cessation plan by reducing rapidity of the cessation plan. 14. The apparatus of claim 12 further comprising:
said instructions recording changes in atmospheric pressure as measured by said atmospheric pressure sensor; and
a substantial change in atmospheric pressure in said first body denotes the inhalation of vapor from said apparatus, and each event of inhalation of vapor is counted as one hit; and
said instructions determine the average number of hits per day during the control period; and
a significant decrease in the number of hits in one day below said average number of hits initiates said instructions to increase the absolute value of the regression constant; and
a new daily dose is calculated using the exponential formula; wherein taking less than the average number of hits per day alters the instructions to accommodate user deviation in the cessation plan by increasing the rapidity of the cessation plan. | A smoking-cessation device and method includes a vaporization device and smoking-cessation method. The device includes two pods, each of which is a consumable, interchangeable component that contains a capsule tank with a measured amount of vaporizable liquid. Measures of a substance containing a drug such as nicotine may be delivered via instructions from a computer-readable medium to each pod as part of a smoking-cessation regimen. The regimen can be changed and reprogrammed by a medical practitioner to delivery varying amounts of drug according to a person's adherence to a defined smoking-cessation regimen. Eventually the drug dosage will be reduced, and the non-drug liquid will increase until the user reduces his or her dependence on the drug.1. A method and apparatus for ceasing use of a substance comprising:
a first body defining a first interior volume; and a first pod and a second pod disposed within said first interior volume; and a first conduit fluidly engaged with said first pod and said second pod and further fluidly engaged with the exterior of said first body through an orifice for inhaling therethrough; and said first pod containing an amount of a vaporizable liquid containing a substance; and said second pod containing an amount of vaporizable liquid containing inert ingredients; and said first pod having a first wick coupled with a first heating element for creating a vapor from said liquid containing vaporizable substance; and said second pod having a second wick coupled with a second heating element for creating a vapor from said liquid containing inert ingredients; and said vapor from vaporizable liquid containing a substance and said vapor from said liquid containing inert ingredients movable through said first conduit; and a second body defining a second interior volume; and a power source disposed within the second body; and a microcontroller in selective communication with a client computing device, the microcontroller storing machine-readable instructions from the client computing device for controlling power control circuitry; wherein said power control circuitry is controlled by said microcontroller to provide varied power to said first heating element and said second heating element for the purpose of controlling the amount of vaporizable substance vaporized and the amount of inert ingredients vaporized for controlling the dosage of said substance for inhaling; and said machine-readable instructions instructing a gradual reduction in the dose of said vaporizable substance while instructing a gradual increase in the amount of vaporizable, inert ingredients over time. 2. The apparatus and method of claim 1 further comprising:
said machine-readable instructions including:
instructions to vaporize said liquid containing vaporizable substance, for a period of less than a set hit duration; and
instructions to vaporize said liquid containing inert ingredients for the remainder of set hit duration. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
a target value of voltage and current for said first heating element; and
a target value of voltage and current for said second heating element; and
a resistor for measuring temperature resistance in said first heating element; and
a resistor for measuring temperature resistance in said second heating element, each electronically engaged with said microprocessor for providing a feedback loop for determining the temperature and duration of heat applied to said first wick and said second wick; wherein
the amount of heat from each heating element is sufficiently controlled so as to provide a specific volume of vapor and a known quantity of substance in said specific volume of vapor from said vaporizable liquid containing a substance. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
an atmospheric pressure sensor engaged with said microcontroller; and
a second conduit in fluid communication between said atmospheric pressure sensor and said first body for measuring changes in atmospheric pressure in said first body;
wherein
a substantial change in atmospheric pressure denotes inhalation through the apparatus, and each event of inhalation through the apparatus is counted as one hit. 5. The apparatus of claim 4 further comprising:
a non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing instructions in said microcontroller, recording changes in atmospheric pressure as measured by said atmospheric pressure sensor; and
a substantial change in atmospheric pressure in said first body denotes the inhalation of vapor from said apparatus; and each event of inhalation of vapor is counted as one hit; and
the average number of hits per day during the control period is measured; and
a significant increase in the number of hits in one day above said average number of hits triggers an event; wherein
non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions in said microcontroller recording said event and sending a notification to an administrator. 6. A method for ceasing use of a substance using the apparatus of claim 3 comprising:
determining an initial dose of a substance; and
determining a control-period duration; and
delivering, for the duration of said control period, said initial dose by using the apparatus of claim 1 for the purpose of:
wicking an amount of said liquid containing a substance; and
heating said amount of liquid containing a substance in said wick until it is vaporized; and
continuing said heating until the amount of substance vaporized is equal to said initial dose; and
setting a number of days for cessation; and
dividing said initial dose by said number of days for cessation to determine a regression constant; and
beginning said number of days for cessation; and
calculating a current dose by subtracting a volume equal to said regression constant from a previous day's dose; and
replacing amount of vapor subtracted, by subtracting said regression constant from a previous day's dose, with vapor containing inert ingredients; and
continuing until the current dose is equal to zero, and vapor containing inert ingredients occupies the entire volume of vapor; wherein
the amount of vapor containing a substance remains constant during said control period and is gradually reduced to zero during said number of days for cessation. 7. The method for ceasing use of a substance of claim 6 further comprising:
delivering, for the duration of said control period, said initial dose by using the apparatus of claim 1 for the purpose of:
storing a volume of vaporizable liquid containing a substance; and
storing a volume of vaporizable liquid containing inert ingredients; and
wicking an amount of vaporizable liquid containing a substance; and
wicking an amount of vaporizable liquid containing inert ingredients; and
heating first wick until a first vapor forms for a set duration of a hit;
heating second wick until a second vapor forms to comprise the remainder of the hit; wherein
while the hit duration remains constant, the length of time in which the drug-containing vapor is delivered gradually reduces, and the length of time in which the vapor containing inert ingredients gradually increases, until the hit comprises 100 percent vapor containing inert ingredients. 8. The method for cessation of the use of a substance of claim 7 further comprising:
heating said first wick of the apparatus of claim 1 until a vapor forms; and
measuring the amount of heat applied to said first wick; and
calculating the amount of substance in said formed vapor from said first wick as a factor of heat applied and concentration of substance in said vaporizable liquid; and
heating said second wick of the apparatus of claim 1 until a vapor forms; and
measuring the amount of heat applied to said second wick; and
calculating the amount of inert ingredients in said formed vapor from said second wick as a factor of heat applied to said vaporizable liquid containing inert ingredients; and
reducing the calculated amount of substance in said vapor from said first wick and increasing the amount of inert ingredients in said vapor from said second wick by a set amount daily; wherein
the vapor is inhaled; and the vapor gradually contains less substance and more inert ingredients until the vapor contains only inert ingredients. 9. A method for ceasing use of a substance comprising:
a user interface for data entry of a user profile by a patient; and said user profile comprising: patient's history of substance use; and patient's daily dose of a substance; and patient's number of hits per day; and intended date of cessation; and information derived from data entry is converted to non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions; and said instructions create a cessation plan by a linear equation; and said instructions determine a control period; and said instructions determine an initial dose; and said instructions determine a regression constant; and said instructions are uploaded to the apparatus of claim 1; wherein said microprocessor carries out said instructions to provide measured initial dose during said control period and to subtract said control constant from each previous day's dose for the remainder of said cessation plan period and replace vapor containing said substance with vapor containing inert ingredients, continuing until all of said vapor in each of said hits per day is made up of inert ingredients. 10. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising:
said instructions recording changes in atmospheric pressure as measured by said atmospheric pressure sensor; and
a substantial change in atmospheric pressure in said first body denotes the inhalation of vapor from said apparatus; and each event of inhalation of vapor is counted as one hit; and
said instructions determine the average number of hits per day during the control period; and
a significant increase in the number of hits in one day above said average number of hits initiates said instructions to contact an administrator of said cessation plan. 11. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising:
said instructions recording changes in atmospheric pressure as measured by said atmospheric pressure sensor; and
a substantial change in atmospheric pressure in said first body denotes the inhalation of vapor from said apparatus; and each event of inhalation of vapor is counted as one hit; and
said instructions determine the average number of hits per day during the control period; and
a significant increase in the number of hits in one day above said average number of hits initiates said instructions to return to the most recent date wherein the number of hits per day were substantially equivalent to the average number of hits; and
a new end date is calculated by adding the number of days between the current date and the most recent date in which the number of hits per day were substantially equivalent to the average number of hits, to the current end date, to determine the new end date; and a new cessation plan is created using said linear equation; wherein
an adjustment is made in the cessation plan when the user deviates from the plan. 12. A method for ceasing use of a substance comprising:
a user interface for data entry of a user profile by a patient; and said user profile comprising: patient's history of substance use; and patient's daily dose of a substance; and patient's number of hits per day; and intended date of cessation; and information derived from data entry is converted to non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing instructions; and said instructions create a cessation plan by an exponential equation; and said instructions determine a control period; and said instructions determine an initial dose; and said instructions determine a regression constant; and said instructions are uploaded to the apparatus of claim 1; wherein said microprocessor carries out said instructions to provide measured initial dose during said control period and to calculate an exponential change in the dose for the remainder of said cessation plan period and replace vapor containing said substance with vapor containing inert ingredients; continuing until all of said volume of vapor in each of said hits per day is made up of inert ingredients. 13. The apparatus of claim 12 further comprising:
said instructions recording changes in atmospheric pressure as measured by said atmospheric pressure sensor; and
a substantial change in atmospheric pressure in said first body denotes the inhalation of vapor from said apparatus; and each event of inhalation of vapor is counted as one hit; and
said instructions determine the average number of hits per day during the control period; and
a significant increase in the number of hits in one day above said average number of hits initiates said instructions to decrease the absolute value of the regression constant; and
a new daily dose is calculated using the exponential formula; wherein
taking more than the average number of hits per day alters the instructions to accommodate user deviation in the cessation plan by reducing rapidity of the cessation plan. 14. The apparatus of claim 12 further comprising:
said instructions recording changes in atmospheric pressure as measured by said atmospheric pressure sensor; and
a substantial change in atmospheric pressure in said first body denotes the inhalation of vapor from said apparatus, and each event of inhalation of vapor is counted as one hit; and
said instructions determine the average number of hits per day during the control period; and
a significant decrease in the number of hits in one day below said average number of hits initiates said instructions to increase the absolute value of the regression constant; and
a new daily dose is calculated using the exponential formula; wherein taking less than the average number of hits per day alters the instructions to accommodate user deviation in the cessation plan by increasing the rapidity of the cessation plan. | 1,700 |
349,296 | 16,806,796 | 3,793 | Among the various aspects of the present disclosure is the provision of systems and methods of velocity-matched ultrasonic tagging in photoacoustic flowgraphy. | 1. A method of determining a velocity of flowing material in a vessel using a photoacoustic imaging system, the method comprising:
with an ultrasonic transmitter, emitting ultrasonic signals into a moving tagging spot, wherein the moving tagging spot translates along a segment of the vessel at a plurality of tagging spot velocities; with a laser, emitting laser pulses into a reference spot within the segment of the vessel to stimulate a photoacoustic response; with an ultrasonic receiver, receiving photoacoustic signals generated by the flowing material in response to the laser pulses; identifying, from amongst the received photoacoustic signals, a maximum photoacoustic signal; and determining the velocity of the flowing material by determining which tagging spot velocity resulted in the maximum photoacoustic signal. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the flowing material comprises lymphatic fluid and wherein the vessel comprises a lymphatic vessel. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of tagging spot velocities comprise a plurality of velocities no greater than 10 mm/s. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein emitting the ultrasonic signals comprises:
with the ultrasonic emitter, emitting first ultrasonic signals into a first moving tagging spot that translates along the segment at a first speed; and with the ultrasonic emitter, emitting second ultrasonic signals into a second moving tagging spot that translates along the segment at a second speed. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference spot comprises a stationary reference spot located downstream of at least a portion of the moving tagging spot. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference spot comprises a moving reference spot. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference spot comprises a moving reference spot that tracks the moving tagging spot and also translates along the segment of the vessel at the plurality of tagging spot velocities. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein emitting the translating ultrasonic signals and laser pulses comprises emitting the laser pulses through optical fibers that are aligned coaxially with the ultrasonic transmitter. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein emitting the translating ultrasonic signals and laser pulses comprises emitting the laser pulses through optical fibers that are aligned coaxially and confocally with the ultrasonic transmitter. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein emitting the translating ultrasonic signals comprises mechanically translating the ultrasonic transmitter along the segment of the vessel at the plurality of speeds. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein emitting the translating ultrasonic signals comprises mechanically rotating the ultrasonic transmitter such that the ultrasonic signals translate along the segment of the vessel at the plurality of speeds. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic transmitter comprises a phased array of ultrasound emitting elements and wherein emitting the translating ultrasonic signals comprises electronically steering a focus spot of the phase array along the segment of the vessel at the plurality of speeds. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein emitting the translating laser pulses comprises emitting the translating laser pulses through at least one optical fiber and mechanically translating the optical fiber along the segment of the vessel at the plurality of speeds. 14. A method of determining a velocity of flowing material in a vessel using a photoacoustic imaging system, the method comprising:
with an ultrasonic transmitter and a laser, emitting a plurality of sets of ultrasonic signals and laser pulses that translate along the segment of the vessel, such that each set of ultrasonic signals and laser pulses translates along the segment of the vessel at a different speed; with an ultrasonic receiver, receiving a plurality of sets of photoacoustic signals generated by the flowing material within the vessel in response to the laser pulses, wherein each set of photoacoustic signals is associated with a respective set of ultrasonic signals and laser pulses; determining that a given set of photoacoustic signals has a peak photoacoustic amplitude greater than any other set of photoacoustic signals, wherein the given set of photoacoustic signals is associated with a given set of ultrasonic signals and laser pulses that translated along the segment of the vessel at a given speed; and determining the velocity of the flowing material in the vessel based on the given speed of the given set of ultrasonic signals and laser pulses. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the flowing material comprises lymphatic fluid and wherein the vessel comprises a lymphatic vessel. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein each set of ultrasonic signals and laser pulses translates along the segment at a respective speed no greater than 10 mm/s. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein emitting the plurality of sets of ultrasonic signals and laser pulses with the ultrasonic transmitter and the laser comprises emitting the plurality of sets of ultrasonic signals and laser pulses with an acoustic-optical head including an ultrasound array and optical fibers that are aligned confocally with the ultrasound array. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein emitting the plurality of sets of ultrasonic signals and laser pulses that translate along the segment of the vessel comprises mechanically translating the ultrasonic transmitter and an optical fiber end coupled to the laser along the segment of the vessel. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein emitting the plurality of sets of ultrasonic signals and laser pulses that translate along the segment of the vessel comprises mechanically rotating the ultrasonic transmitter and an optical fiber end coupled to the laser such that the ultrasonic signals and laser pulses translate along the segment of the vessel. 20. A system for measuring a velocity of flowing material in a vessel, the system comprising:
an ultrasonic transmitter configured to emit ultrasonic signals into a moving tagging spot that translates along a segment of the vessel at a plurality of tagging spot velocities; a laser source configured to emit laser pulses into a reference spot within the segment of the vessel to stimulate a photoacoustic response by the flowing material; an ultrasonic receiver configured to receive photoacoustic signals generated by the flowing material in response to the laser pulses; and computing equipment configured to identify, from amongst the received photoacoustic signals, a maximum photoacoustic signal and to determine the velocity of the flowing material by determining which tagging spot velocity resulted in the maximum photoacoustic signal. 21. The system of claim 20, further comprising one or more optical fibers coupled to the laser source and having optical fiber ends through which the laser pulses are emitted. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the ultrasonic transmitter and the one or more optical fibers are combined into a single optical-acoustic head. 23. The system of claim 21, wherein the ultrasonic transmitter is aligned coaxially and confocally with the one or more optical fibers. 24. The system of claim 20, wherein the ultrasonic transmitter comprises an electronically-steerable phased array. | Among the various aspects of the present disclosure is the provision of systems and methods of velocity-matched ultrasonic tagging in photoacoustic flowgraphy.1. A method of determining a velocity of flowing material in a vessel using a photoacoustic imaging system, the method comprising:
with an ultrasonic transmitter, emitting ultrasonic signals into a moving tagging spot, wherein the moving tagging spot translates along a segment of the vessel at a plurality of tagging spot velocities; with a laser, emitting laser pulses into a reference spot within the segment of the vessel to stimulate a photoacoustic response; with an ultrasonic receiver, receiving photoacoustic signals generated by the flowing material in response to the laser pulses; identifying, from amongst the received photoacoustic signals, a maximum photoacoustic signal; and determining the velocity of the flowing material by determining which tagging spot velocity resulted in the maximum photoacoustic signal. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the flowing material comprises lymphatic fluid and wherein the vessel comprises a lymphatic vessel. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of tagging spot velocities comprise a plurality of velocities no greater than 10 mm/s. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein emitting the ultrasonic signals comprises:
with the ultrasonic emitter, emitting first ultrasonic signals into a first moving tagging spot that translates along the segment at a first speed; and with the ultrasonic emitter, emitting second ultrasonic signals into a second moving tagging spot that translates along the segment at a second speed. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference spot comprises a stationary reference spot located downstream of at least a portion of the moving tagging spot. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference spot comprises a moving reference spot. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference spot comprises a moving reference spot that tracks the moving tagging spot and also translates along the segment of the vessel at the plurality of tagging spot velocities. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein emitting the translating ultrasonic signals and laser pulses comprises emitting the laser pulses through optical fibers that are aligned coaxially with the ultrasonic transmitter. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein emitting the translating ultrasonic signals and laser pulses comprises emitting the laser pulses through optical fibers that are aligned coaxially and confocally with the ultrasonic transmitter. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein emitting the translating ultrasonic signals comprises mechanically translating the ultrasonic transmitter along the segment of the vessel at the plurality of speeds. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein emitting the translating ultrasonic signals comprises mechanically rotating the ultrasonic transmitter such that the ultrasonic signals translate along the segment of the vessel at the plurality of speeds. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic transmitter comprises a phased array of ultrasound emitting elements and wherein emitting the translating ultrasonic signals comprises electronically steering a focus spot of the phase array along the segment of the vessel at the plurality of speeds. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein emitting the translating laser pulses comprises emitting the translating laser pulses through at least one optical fiber and mechanically translating the optical fiber along the segment of the vessel at the plurality of speeds. 14. A method of determining a velocity of flowing material in a vessel using a photoacoustic imaging system, the method comprising:
with an ultrasonic transmitter and a laser, emitting a plurality of sets of ultrasonic signals and laser pulses that translate along the segment of the vessel, such that each set of ultrasonic signals and laser pulses translates along the segment of the vessel at a different speed; with an ultrasonic receiver, receiving a plurality of sets of photoacoustic signals generated by the flowing material within the vessel in response to the laser pulses, wherein each set of photoacoustic signals is associated with a respective set of ultrasonic signals and laser pulses; determining that a given set of photoacoustic signals has a peak photoacoustic amplitude greater than any other set of photoacoustic signals, wherein the given set of photoacoustic signals is associated with a given set of ultrasonic signals and laser pulses that translated along the segment of the vessel at a given speed; and determining the velocity of the flowing material in the vessel based on the given speed of the given set of ultrasonic signals and laser pulses. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the flowing material comprises lymphatic fluid and wherein the vessel comprises a lymphatic vessel. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein each set of ultrasonic signals and laser pulses translates along the segment at a respective speed no greater than 10 mm/s. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein emitting the plurality of sets of ultrasonic signals and laser pulses with the ultrasonic transmitter and the laser comprises emitting the plurality of sets of ultrasonic signals and laser pulses with an acoustic-optical head including an ultrasound array and optical fibers that are aligned confocally with the ultrasound array. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein emitting the plurality of sets of ultrasonic signals and laser pulses that translate along the segment of the vessel comprises mechanically translating the ultrasonic transmitter and an optical fiber end coupled to the laser along the segment of the vessel. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein emitting the plurality of sets of ultrasonic signals and laser pulses that translate along the segment of the vessel comprises mechanically rotating the ultrasonic transmitter and an optical fiber end coupled to the laser such that the ultrasonic signals and laser pulses translate along the segment of the vessel. 20. A system for measuring a velocity of flowing material in a vessel, the system comprising:
an ultrasonic transmitter configured to emit ultrasonic signals into a moving tagging spot that translates along a segment of the vessel at a plurality of tagging spot velocities; a laser source configured to emit laser pulses into a reference spot within the segment of the vessel to stimulate a photoacoustic response by the flowing material; an ultrasonic receiver configured to receive photoacoustic signals generated by the flowing material in response to the laser pulses; and computing equipment configured to identify, from amongst the received photoacoustic signals, a maximum photoacoustic signal and to determine the velocity of the flowing material by determining which tagging spot velocity resulted in the maximum photoacoustic signal. 21. The system of claim 20, further comprising one or more optical fibers coupled to the laser source and having optical fiber ends through which the laser pulses are emitted. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the ultrasonic transmitter and the one or more optical fibers are combined into a single optical-acoustic head. 23. The system of claim 21, wherein the ultrasonic transmitter is aligned coaxially and confocally with the one or more optical fibers. 24. The system of claim 20, wherein the ultrasonic transmitter comprises an electronically-steerable phased array. | 3,700 |
349,297 | 16,806,860 | 3,793 | The present invention provides a projectile device and a method of manufacture of a projectile device and in particular, to a pistol bullet and a rifle bullet and method of manufacture of same. In one embodiment, the projectile apparatus has a cylindrical body portion having a diameter, a front nose section tapering from a most proximal point of the projectile to the cylindrical body portion, and a rear tail section connected to the body portion and extending to the most distal point of the projectile, in which the front nose portion comprises a plurality of twisting depressions forming troughs. | 1. A projectile for use in a handheld weapon, comprising:
a housing with a longitudinal axis and a forward end and a rear end which define a first length therebetween, the housing comprising:
a nose portion proximate the forward end;
a base positioned at the rear end;
a cylindrical portion interconnected to the nose portion on a first end of the cylindrical portion and interconnected to the base on a second end opposite the first end;
an opening at the forward end; and
a cavity extending from the opening and inward into the housing; and
an insert with a longitudinal axis and an insert forward end and an insert rear end which define a second length therebetween, the insert comprising:
a head portion with a substantially flat tip at the insert forward end;
a stem interconnected to the head portion opposite the tip;
a nose portion extending from the tip at the insert forward end, wherein the nose portion tapers outwardly from the tip; and
a plurality of cutout portions originating at the tip and extending along the head portion, wherein each cutout portion in the plurality of cutout portions forms a curved trough with a radius of curvature;
wherein the insert is positioned in the cavity of the housing, and wherein the longitudinal axis of the insert is positioned along the longitudinal axis of the housing. 2. The projectile of claim 1, wherein the projectile is sized in at least one of a .380 inch, a 9 mm, a .40 inch, and a .45 inch caliber and is adapted for use with a handgun. 3. The projectile of claim 1, wherein the insert further comprises a plurality of non-distorted nose portions, wherein each non-distorted nose portion is positioned between two cutout portions in the plurality of cutout portions. 4. The projectile of claim 1, wherein the housing is made of a first metallic material and the insert is made of a second metallic material. 5. The projectile of claim 4, wherein the first metallic material is the same as the second metallic material. 6. The projectile of claim 4, wherein the first metallic material is different than the second metallic material. 7. The projectile of claim 1, wherein the radius of curvature of each curved trough is between about 0.10 inches and about 0.30 inches. 8. The projectile of claim 1, wherein the insert is compression fit into the housing. 9. The projectile of claim 1, wherein the insert does not fill the entire cavity of the housing such that there is space between a side surface of the cavity and a side surface of the stem of the insert. 10. A projectile for use in a handheld weapon, comprising:
a housing with a longitudinal axis and a forward end and a rear end which define a first length therebetween, the housing comprising:
a nose portion proximate the forward end;
a substantially flat base positioned at the rear end;
a cylindrical portion interconnected to the nose portion on a first end of the cylindrical portion and interconnected to the base on a second end opposite the first end, wherein the nose portion extends outwardly from the forward end to the first end of the cylindrical portion;
an opening at the forward end; and
a cavity extending from the opening and inward into the housing; and
an insert with a longitudinal axis and an insert forward end and an insert rear end which define a second length therebetween, the insert comprising:
a head portion with a tip at the insert forward end;
a stem interconnected to the head portion opposite the tip;
a nose portion extending from the tip at the insert forward end, wherein the nose portion tapers outwardly from the tip; and
a plurality of cutout portions originating at the tip and extending along the head portion, wherein each cutout portion in the plurality of cutout portions forms a curved trough with a radius of curvature;
wherein the insert is positioned in the cavity of the housing, and wherein the longitudinal axis of the insert is positioned along the longitudinal axis of the housing. 11. The projectile of claim 10, wherein the insert further comprises a plurality of non-distorted nose portions, wherein each non-distorted nose portion is positioned between two cutout portions in the plurality of cutout portions, and wherein the radius of curvature of each curved trough is between about 0.10 inches and about 0.30 inches. 12. The projectile of claim 10, wherein the housing is made of a first metallic material and the insert is made of a second metallic material, and wherein the first metallic material is different than the second metallic material. 13. The projectile of claim 10, wherein the housing is made of a first metallic material and the insert is made of a second metallic material, and wherein the first metallic material is the same as the second metallic material. 14. The projectile of claim 10, where in the tip of the insert is substantially flat and substantially parallel to the base of the housing. 15. A method of providing a projectile for use in a handheld weapon, the method comprising:
providing a housing with a longitudinal axis and a forward end and a rear end which define a first length therebetween, the housing comprising:
a nose portion proximate the forward end;
a base positioned at the rear end;
a cylindrical portion interconnected to the nose portion on a first end of the cylindrical portion and interconnected to the base on a second end opposite the first end;
an opening at the forward end; and
a cavity extending from the opening and inward into the housing; and
providing an insert with a longitudinal axis and an insert forward end and an insert rear end which define a second length therebetween, the insert comprising:
a head portion with a substantially flat tip at the insert forward end;
a stem interconnected to the head portion opposite the tip;
a nose portion extending from the tip at the insert forward end, wherein the nose portion tapers outwardly from the tip; and
a plurality of cutout portions originating at the tip and extending along the head portion, wherein each cutout portion in the plurality of cutout portions forms a curved trough with a radius of curvature;
positioning the insert in the cavity of the housing such that the longitudinal axis of the insert is positioned along the longitudinal axis of the housing. | The present invention provides a projectile device and a method of manufacture of a projectile device and in particular, to a pistol bullet and a rifle bullet and method of manufacture of same. In one embodiment, the projectile apparatus has a cylindrical body portion having a diameter, a front nose section tapering from a most proximal point of the projectile to the cylindrical body portion, and a rear tail section connected to the body portion and extending to the most distal point of the projectile, in which the front nose portion comprises a plurality of twisting depressions forming troughs.1. A projectile for use in a handheld weapon, comprising:
a housing with a longitudinal axis and a forward end and a rear end which define a first length therebetween, the housing comprising:
a nose portion proximate the forward end;
a base positioned at the rear end;
a cylindrical portion interconnected to the nose portion on a first end of the cylindrical portion and interconnected to the base on a second end opposite the first end;
an opening at the forward end; and
a cavity extending from the opening and inward into the housing; and
an insert with a longitudinal axis and an insert forward end and an insert rear end which define a second length therebetween, the insert comprising:
a head portion with a substantially flat tip at the insert forward end;
a stem interconnected to the head portion opposite the tip;
a nose portion extending from the tip at the insert forward end, wherein the nose portion tapers outwardly from the tip; and
a plurality of cutout portions originating at the tip and extending along the head portion, wherein each cutout portion in the plurality of cutout portions forms a curved trough with a radius of curvature;
wherein the insert is positioned in the cavity of the housing, and wherein the longitudinal axis of the insert is positioned along the longitudinal axis of the housing. 2. The projectile of claim 1, wherein the projectile is sized in at least one of a .380 inch, a 9 mm, a .40 inch, and a .45 inch caliber and is adapted for use with a handgun. 3. The projectile of claim 1, wherein the insert further comprises a plurality of non-distorted nose portions, wherein each non-distorted nose portion is positioned between two cutout portions in the plurality of cutout portions. 4. The projectile of claim 1, wherein the housing is made of a first metallic material and the insert is made of a second metallic material. 5. The projectile of claim 4, wherein the first metallic material is the same as the second metallic material. 6. The projectile of claim 4, wherein the first metallic material is different than the second metallic material. 7. The projectile of claim 1, wherein the radius of curvature of each curved trough is between about 0.10 inches and about 0.30 inches. 8. The projectile of claim 1, wherein the insert is compression fit into the housing. 9. The projectile of claim 1, wherein the insert does not fill the entire cavity of the housing such that there is space between a side surface of the cavity and a side surface of the stem of the insert. 10. A projectile for use in a handheld weapon, comprising:
a housing with a longitudinal axis and a forward end and a rear end which define a first length therebetween, the housing comprising:
a nose portion proximate the forward end;
a substantially flat base positioned at the rear end;
a cylindrical portion interconnected to the nose portion on a first end of the cylindrical portion and interconnected to the base on a second end opposite the first end, wherein the nose portion extends outwardly from the forward end to the first end of the cylindrical portion;
an opening at the forward end; and
a cavity extending from the opening and inward into the housing; and
an insert with a longitudinal axis and an insert forward end and an insert rear end which define a second length therebetween, the insert comprising:
a head portion with a tip at the insert forward end;
a stem interconnected to the head portion opposite the tip;
a nose portion extending from the tip at the insert forward end, wherein the nose portion tapers outwardly from the tip; and
a plurality of cutout portions originating at the tip and extending along the head portion, wherein each cutout portion in the plurality of cutout portions forms a curved trough with a radius of curvature;
wherein the insert is positioned in the cavity of the housing, and wherein the longitudinal axis of the insert is positioned along the longitudinal axis of the housing. 11. The projectile of claim 10, wherein the insert further comprises a plurality of non-distorted nose portions, wherein each non-distorted nose portion is positioned between two cutout portions in the plurality of cutout portions, and wherein the radius of curvature of each curved trough is between about 0.10 inches and about 0.30 inches. 12. The projectile of claim 10, wherein the housing is made of a first metallic material and the insert is made of a second metallic material, and wherein the first metallic material is different than the second metallic material. 13. The projectile of claim 10, wherein the housing is made of a first metallic material and the insert is made of a second metallic material, and wherein the first metallic material is the same as the second metallic material. 14. The projectile of claim 10, where in the tip of the insert is substantially flat and substantially parallel to the base of the housing. 15. A method of providing a projectile for use in a handheld weapon, the method comprising:
providing a housing with a longitudinal axis and a forward end and a rear end which define a first length therebetween, the housing comprising:
a nose portion proximate the forward end;
a base positioned at the rear end;
a cylindrical portion interconnected to the nose portion on a first end of the cylindrical portion and interconnected to the base on a second end opposite the first end;
an opening at the forward end; and
a cavity extending from the opening and inward into the housing; and
providing an insert with a longitudinal axis and an insert forward end and an insert rear end which define a second length therebetween, the insert comprising:
a head portion with a substantially flat tip at the insert forward end;
a stem interconnected to the head portion opposite the tip;
a nose portion extending from the tip at the insert forward end, wherein the nose portion tapers outwardly from the tip; and
a plurality of cutout portions originating at the tip and extending along the head portion, wherein each cutout portion in the plurality of cutout portions forms a curved trough with a radius of curvature;
positioning the insert in the cavity of the housing such that the longitudinal axis of the insert is positioned along the longitudinal axis of the housing. | 3,700 |
349,298 | 16,806,819 | 3,793 | Described herein are certain crystalline forms of Compound 3, as well as pharmaceutical compositions employing the crystalline forms. Also provided are particles (e.g., nanoparticles) comprising such crystalline forms or pharmaceutical compositions. In certain examples, the particles are mucus penetrating particles (MPPs). The present invention further relates to methods of treating or preventing diseases using crystalline forms or pharmaceutical compositions. | 1. A crystalline form of 7-(3-(4-(4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-5-yloxy)-6-methoxyquinazolin-7-yloxy)propyl)-2-oxa-7-azaspiro[3.5]nonane, wherein:
(a) the crystalline form is crystalline Form A having an X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern comprising peaks at about 6.11, 9.63, 16.41, 18.60, 20.36 and 23.01Β±0.3 degrees two theta, or 14.45, 9.17, 5.40, 4.77, 4.36 and 3.86Β±0.3 β« in d-spacing, or (b) the crystalline form is crystalline Form B having an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at about 7.70, 13.53, 17.27, 18.44, 19.73, 23.10 and 26.07Β±0.3 degrees two theta or 11.47, 6.54, 5.13, 4.81, 4.50, 3.85 and 3.41Β±0.3 β« in d-spacing. 2. The crystalline Form A of claim 1, wherein said XRPD pattern further comprises peaks at about 11.46, 12.26, 18.16, 19.51, 21.12 and 25.71Β±0.3 degrees two theta or 7.71, 7.22, 4.88, 4.55, 4.20 and 3.46Β±0.3 β« in d-spacing. 3. The crystalline Form B of claim 1, wherein said XRPD pattern further comprises peaks at about 9.87, 12.88, 14.40, 15.45, 21.14 and 26.84Β±0.3 degrees two theta or 8.96, 6.87, 6.14, 5.73, 4.20 and 3.32Β±0.3 β« in d-spacing. 4. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the crystalline form of claim 1, the composition further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 5. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 4, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is suitable for topical administration. 6. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 4, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is suitable for injection. 7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 4, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is suitable for delivery to the eye. 8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 4, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is suitable for oral administration. 9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 4, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is suitable for inhalation. 10. A method of treating a disease comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the crystalline form of claim 1. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the disease is a proliferative disease. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the disease is cancer. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the disease is an ocular disease. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the ocular disease is retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), corneal neovascularization, diabetic macular edema, or retinal vein occlusion. 15. A method of inhibiting growth factor signaling comprising administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of the crystalline form of claim 1. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the compound or composition is administered topically. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein the compound or composition is administered by injection. 18. The method according to claim 15, wherein the compound or composition is administered orally. 19. The method according to claim 15, wherein the compound or composition is administered to the eye. 20. The method according to claim 15, wherein the compound or composition is administered by inhalation. | Described herein are certain crystalline forms of Compound 3, as well as pharmaceutical compositions employing the crystalline forms. Also provided are particles (e.g., nanoparticles) comprising such crystalline forms or pharmaceutical compositions. In certain examples, the particles are mucus penetrating particles (MPPs). The present invention further relates to methods of treating or preventing diseases using crystalline forms or pharmaceutical compositions.1. A crystalline form of 7-(3-(4-(4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-5-yloxy)-6-methoxyquinazolin-7-yloxy)propyl)-2-oxa-7-azaspiro[3.5]nonane, wherein:
(a) the crystalline form is crystalline Form A having an X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern comprising peaks at about 6.11, 9.63, 16.41, 18.60, 20.36 and 23.01Β±0.3 degrees two theta, or 14.45, 9.17, 5.40, 4.77, 4.36 and 3.86Β±0.3 β« in d-spacing, or (b) the crystalline form is crystalline Form B having an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at about 7.70, 13.53, 17.27, 18.44, 19.73, 23.10 and 26.07Β±0.3 degrees two theta or 11.47, 6.54, 5.13, 4.81, 4.50, 3.85 and 3.41Β±0.3 β« in d-spacing. 2. The crystalline Form A of claim 1, wherein said XRPD pattern further comprises peaks at about 11.46, 12.26, 18.16, 19.51, 21.12 and 25.71Β±0.3 degrees two theta or 7.71, 7.22, 4.88, 4.55, 4.20 and 3.46Β±0.3 β« in d-spacing. 3. The crystalline Form B of claim 1, wherein said XRPD pattern further comprises peaks at about 9.87, 12.88, 14.40, 15.45, 21.14 and 26.84Β±0.3 degrees two theta or 8.96, 6.87, 6.14, 5.73, 4.20 and 3.32Β±0.3 β« in d-spacing. 4. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the crystalline form of claim 1, the composition further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 5. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 4, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is suitable for topical administration. 6. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 4, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is suitable for injection. 7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 4, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is suitable for delivery to the eye. 8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 4, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is suitable for oral administration. 9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 4, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is suitable for inhalation. 10. A method of treating a disease comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the crystalline form of claim 1. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the disease is a proliferative disease. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the disease is cancer. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the disease is an ocular disease. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the ocular disease is retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), corneal neovascularization, diabetic macular edema, or retinal vein occlusion. 15. A method of inhibiting growth factor signaling comprising administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of the crystalline form of claim 1. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the compound or composition is administered topically. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein the compound or composition is administered by injection. 18. The method according to claim 15, wherein the compound or composition is administered orally. 19. The method according to claim 15, wherein the compound or composition is administered to the eye. 20. The method according to claim 15, wherein the compound or composition is administered by inhalation. | 3,700 |
349,299 | 16,806,853 | 3,793 | Cell sorting methods that improve sorting efficiency and productivity by elevating sorting pressures and incorporate certain steps to help the cells better survive such elevated pressures. In the case of sperm, sorting the steps of standardizing sperm samples, staining sperm samples in a single step, calibrating a flow cytometer to place sperm in the leading edge of droplets, and changing a catch fluid distance may be incorporated individually, or in combination to help sperm better survive the sex sorting process. | 1. A method of sorting sperm comprising:
reconcentrating a sperm sample by extending the sperm sample in an initial extender having a predetermined pH to form an extended sperm sample, centrifuging the extended sperm sample, and removing supernatant until a predetermined concentration is reached; staining sperm in the sperm sample with a DNA selective dye; and sorting stained sperm in the sperm sample with a flow cytometer at an elevated pressure, the elevated pressure comprising a sheath fluid pressure between about 45 psi and about 65 psi, wherein the step of reconcentrating the sperm sample in a single dilution reduces damage imposed on the sperm by the sheath fluid pressure. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of staining is performed with a modified TALP having the DNA selective dye and a quenching dye, a TES-TRIS having the DNA selective dye and a quenching dye, TRIS citrate having the DNA selective dye and a quenching dye, sodium citrate having the DNA selective dye and a quenching dye, or a HEPES based medium having the DNA selective dye and a quenching dye. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the modified TALP has a pH of between about 7.0 and about 7.8. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the stained sperm sample is diluted in a staining media to a sperm concentration of: between 80 million sperm per ml and 160 million sperm per ml; between 160 million sperm per ml and 240 million sperm per ml; or between 240 million sperm per ml and 320 million sperm per ml. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of reconcentrating the sperm sample with the initial extender further comprises diluting the sperm sample with the initial extender at a ratio between about 1:1 and 1:10. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the initial extender comprises one or more selected from the group of: sodium bicarbonate, TRIS citrate, sodium citrate, HEPES, TRIS, TEST, MOPS, KMT, TALP, and combinations thereof. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the initial extender further comprises an antioxidant. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the steps of centrifuging the extended sperm sample and removing supernatant until a predetermined concentration is reached further comprises adjusting the concentration to between about 500 million sperm per ml and about 2100 million sperm per ml. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of calibrating the flow cytometer. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of calibrating the flow cytometer further comprises producing a calibration side stream and providing each droplet in the calibration side stream which is expected to contain live sperm with a uniform trajectory. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of calibrating the flow cytometer further comprises adjusting instrument parameters so live sperm tend to be placed in a leading edge of forming droplets. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of calibrating the flow cytometer further comprises establishing a calibration side stream with the highest drop drive frequency at which there is no spraying. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the elevated pressure comprises a sheath fluid pressure in a range: about 50 psi to about 55 psi; about 55 psi to about 60 psi; or about 60 psi to about 65 psi. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the steps of standardizing the sperm sample and staining the sperm sample in a single dilution reduces the additional sperm damage imposed by pressures greater than 40 psi by about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90%, or by nearly 100%. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of sorting the stained sperm sample further comprises the step of sex sorting sperm into a viable X chromosome bearing population and/or a viable Y chromosome bearing population based on stoichiometric binding of the DNA selective dye to the sperm. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the elevated pressure comprises a sheath fluid pressure between about 50 psi and about 60 psi, or at about 60 psi. | Cell sorting methods that improve sorting efficiency and productivity by elevating sorting pressures and incorporate certain steps to help the cells better survive such elevated pressures. In the case of sperm, sorting the steps of standardizing sperm samples, staining sperm samples in a single step, calibrating a flow cytometer to place sperm in the leading edge of droplets, and changing a catch fluid distance may be incorporated individually, or in combination to help sperm better survive the sex sorting process.1. A method of sorting sperm comprising:
reconcentrating a sperm sample by extending the sperm sample in an initial extender having a predetermined pH to form an extended sperm sample, centrifuging the extended sperm sample, and removing supernatant until a predetermined concentration is reached; staining sperm in the sperm sample with a DNA selective dye; and sorting stained sperm in the sperm sample with a flow cytometer at an elevated pressure, the elevated pressure comprising a sheath fluid pressure between about 45 psi and about 65 psi, wherein the step of reconcentrating the sperm sample in a single dilution reduces damage imposed on the sperm by the sheath fluid pressure. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of staining is performed with a modified TALP having the DNA selective dye and a quenching dye, a TES-TRIS having the DNA selective dye and a quenching dye, TRIS citrate having the DNA selective dye and a quenching dye, sodium citrate having the DNA selective dye and a quenching dye, or a HEPES based medium having the DNA selective dye and a quenching dye. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the modified TALP has a pH of between about 7.0 and about 7.8. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the stained sperm sample is diluted in a staining media to a sperm concentration of: between 80 million sperm per ml and 160 million sperm per ml; between 160 million sperm per ml and 240 million sperm per ml; or between 240 million sperm per ml and 320 million sperm per ml. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of reconcentrating the sperm sample with the initial extender further comprises diluting the sperm sample with the initial extender at a ratio between about 1:1 and 1:10. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the initial extender comprises one or more selected from the group of: sodium bicarbonate, TRIS citrate, sodium citrate, HEPES, TRIS, TEST, MOPS, KMT, TALP, and combinations thereof. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the initial extender further comprises an antioxidant. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the steps of centrifuging the extended sperm sample and removing supernatant until a predetermined concentration is reached further comprises adjusting the concentration to between about 500 million sperm per ml and about 2100 million sperm per ml. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of calibrating the flow cytometer. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of calibrating the flow cytometer further comprises producing a calibration side stream and providing each droplet in the calibration side stream which is expected to contain live sperm with a uniform trajectory. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of calibrating the flow cytometer further comprises adjusting instrument parameters so live sperm tend to be placed in a leading edge of forming droplets. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of calibrating the flow cytometer further comprises establishing a calibration side stream with the highest drop drive frequency at which there is no spraying. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the elevated pressure comprises a sheath fluid pressure in a range: about 50 psi to about 55 psi; about 55 psi to about 60 psi; or about 60 psi to about 65 psi. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the steps of standardizing the sperm sample and staining the sperm sample in a single dilution reduces the additional sperm damage imposed by pressures greater than 40 psi by about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90%, or by nearly 100%. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of sorting the stained sperm sample further comprises the step of sex sorting sperm into a viable X chromosome bearing population and/or a viable Y chromosome bearing population based on stoichiometric binding of the DNA selective dye to the sperm. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the elevated pressure comprises a sheath fluid pressure between about 50 psi and about 60 psi, or at about 60 psi. | 3,700 |
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