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349,400 | 16,806,987 | 3,792 | A system is provided for dispensing a hair dye formulation into a customer container. The system includes a conveyer belt configured to transport the customer container along a fill line; a plurality of dispensing mechanisms, each connected to a respective container having a different bulk hair dye color, the plurality of dispensing mechanisms being disposed over a conveyer belt along the fill line. The system is configured to receive a formula for filling the customer container with one or more bulk hair dye colors from among the plurality of containers having the different bulk hair dye color, and control each of the plurality of dispensing mechanisms to perform a dispensing operation to dispense an amount of bulk hair dye color or to not perform a dispensing operation at a time when the customer container is transported to each of the plurality of dispensing mechanisms along the fill line. | 1. A system for dispensing a hair dye formulation into a customer container, comprising:
a conveyer belt configured to transport the customer container along a fill line; a plurality of dispensing mechanisms, each connected to a respective container having a different bulk hair dye color, the plurality of dispensing mechanisms being disposed over a conveyer belt along the fill line; circuitry configured to
receive a formula for filling the customer container with one or more bulk hair dye colors from among the plurality of containers having the different bulk hair dye color, and
control each of the plurality of dispensing mechanisms to perform a dispensing operation to dispense an amount of bulk hair dye color or to not perform a dispensing operation at a time when the customer container is transported to each of the plurality of dispensing mechanisms along the fill line. 2. A container for storing a bulk hair dye color, comprising:
a pouch for directly storing the bulk hair dye color; and a box for holding the pouch, wherein the box is configured to be inserted in a system for dispensing a hair dye formulation into a customer container, the system having a conveyer belt configured to transport the customer container along a fill line, a plurality of dispensing mechanisms, and the container is one of a plurality of containers each storing a different bulk hair dye color and disposed directly adjacent to each other, wherein the container is configured to connect to any of the respective dispensing mechanisms and allow the bulk hair dye to be dispensed into the customer container depending on a formula for filing the customer container. | A system is provided for dispensing a hair dye formulation into a customer container. The system includes a conveyer belt configured to transport the customer container along a fill line; a plurality of dispensing mechanisms, each connected to a respective container having a different bulk hair dye color, the plurality of dispensing mechanisms being disposed over a conveyer belt along the fill line. The system is configured to receive a formula for filling the customer container with one or more bulk hair dye colors from among the plurality of containers having the different bulk hair dye color, and control each of the plurality of dispensing mechanisms to perform a dispensing operation to dispense an amount of bulk hair dye color or to not perform a dispensing operation at a time when the customer container is transported to each of the plurality of dispensing mechanisms along the fill line.1. A system for dispensing a hair dye formulation into a customer container, comprising:
a conveyer belt configured to transport the customer container along a fill line; a plurality of dispensing mechanisms, each connected to a respective container having a different bulk hair dye color, the plurality of dispensing mechanisms being disposed over a conveyer belt along the fill line; circuitry configured to
receive a formula for filling the customer container with one or more bulk hair dye colors from among the plurality of containers having the different bulk hair dye color, and
control each of the plurality of dispensing mechanisms to perform a dispensing operation to dispense an amount of bulk hair dye color or to not perform a dispensing operation at a time when the customer container is transported to each of the plurality of dispensing mechanisms along the fill line. 2. A container for storing a bulk hair dye color, comprising:
a pouch for directly storing the bulk hair dye color; and a box for holding the pouch, wherein the box is configured to be inserted in a system for dispensing a hair dye formulation into a customer container, the system having a conveyer belt configured to transport the customer container along a fill line, a plurality of dispensing mechanisms, and the container is one of a plurality of containers each storing a different bulk hair dye color and disposed directly adjacent to each other, wherein the container is configured to connect to any of the respective dispensing mechanisms and allow the bulk hair dye to be dispensed into the customer container depending on a formula for filing the customer container. | 3,700 |
349,401 | 16,806,974 | 3,792 | A system is provided for generating a custom hair dye formulation to be dispensed into a single customer container for a particular customer. The system establishes a connection with a user device of the particular customer over a network, receives a selection of a preferred type of expertise of a colorist, determines an available colorist that corresponds to the preferred type of expertise, establishes a video communication session between the particular customer and a colorist device of the determined colorist, causes display of a customer interface to the customer, causes display of a colorist interface to the colorist device, and transmits the generated custom hair dye formulation to a fill site, via the network. | 1. A system for generating a custom hair dye formulation to be dispensed into a single customer container for a particular customer, comprising:
processing circuitry configured to
establish a connection with a user device of the particular customer over a network,
receive a selection of a preferred type of expertise of a colorist,
determine an available colorist that corresponds to the preferred type of expertise,
establish a video communication session between the particular customer and a colorist device of the determined colorist,
cause display of a customer interface to the customer at the user device which is configured to display options for specifying a target type of hair color,
cause display of a colorist interface to the colorist device which is configured to display options, different from the display options at the user device, for inputting information about the particular customer and the target type of hair color, and for inputting information used to generating the custom hair dye formulation, and
transmit the generated custom hair dye formulation to a fill site, via the network,
wherein the fill site is caused to dispense one or more of a plurality of bulk hair dye colors into the single customer container based on the generated custom hair dye formulation. | A system is provided for generating a custom hair dye formulation to be dispensed into a single customer container for a particular customer. The system establishes a connection with a user device of the particular customer over a network, receives a selection of a preferred type of expertise of a colorist, determines an available colorist that corresponds to the preferred type of expertise, establishes a video communication session between the particular customer and a colorist device of the determined colorist, causes display of a customer interface to the customer, causes display of a colorist interface to the colorist device, and transmits the generated custom hair dye formulation to a fill site, via the network.1. A system for generating a custom hair dye formulation to be dispensed into a single customer container for a particular customer, comprising:
processing circuitry configured to
establish a connection with a user device of the particular customer over a network,
receive a selection of a preferred type of expertise of a colorist,
determine an available colorist that corresponds to the preferred type of expertise,
establish a video communication session between the particular customer and a colorist device of the determined colorist,
cause display of a customer interface to the customer at the user device which is configured to display options for specifying a target type of hair color,
cause display of a colorist interface to the colorist device which is configured to display options, different from the display options at the user device, for inputting information about the particular customer and the target type of hair color, and for inputting information used to generating the custom hair dye formulation, and
transmit the generated custom hair dye formulation to a fill site, via the network,
wherein the fill site is caused to dispense one or more of a plurality of bulk hair dye colors into the single customer container based on the generated custom hair dye formulation. | 3,700 |
349,402 | 16,806,969 | 3,792 | A method for transmitting a digital frame by an optical network unit in a digital communications network includes steps of arranging received data into a series of symbols, installing a primary cyclic prefix immediately preceding the series of symbols in time, and inserting individual ones of a plurality of secondary cyclic prefixes between each adjacent pair of symbols in the series of symbols. A length of each secondary cyclic prefix corresponds to a first duration shorter than an amount of time needed to turn on a laser of the optical network unit. The method further includes a step of providing to the optical network unit the digital frame. The digital frame includes the primary cyclic prefix, the plurality of secondary cyclic prefixes, and the series of symbols. The method further includes a step of modulating the provided digital frame by a laser of the optical network unit. | 1. A digital transmission system, comprising:
a processing unit configured to receive digital data and generate at least one data frame therefrom, the at least one data frame including a series of data blocks; and a laser configured to modulate the at least one data frame into a transmitted digital signal, wherein the at least one data frame further includes (i) a primary data prefix for the series of data blocks, and (ii) a plurality of secondary data prefixes disposed between adjacent data blocks within the series of data blocks. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a modem in operable communication with the processing unit and the laser, wherein the modem is configured to transmit the at least one data frame onto digital communication medium in operable communication with the modem. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein a length of each of the plurality of secondary data prefixes has a shorter duration than a turn-on time for the laser. 4. The system of claim 2, further comprising a media access control layer. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the media access control layer is configured to instruct the modem to transmit a tone alerting the laser to turn on prior to receiving the at least one data frame. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the primary data prefix has a length substantially equal to a length of at least one secondary data prefix. 7. The system of claim 4, wherein a length of the primary data prefix is longer than a length of a secondary data prefixes. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the length of the primary data prefix has a longer duration than the amount of time needed to turn on the laser. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the primary data prefix at least two immediately adjacent data prefixes having the same length as the secondary data prefixes. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one data frame is an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) frame including a plurality of OFDMA symbols. 11. The system of claim 1, comprising an optical network unit (ONU). 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the ONU is configured for operable communication with a radio frequency over glass (RFoG) network. 13. A frame architecture for a digital data frame, comprising:
a series of data blocks; a primary data prefix preceding the series of data blocks in time; a plurality of secondary data prefixes respectively disposed between adjacent pairs of data blocks within the series of data blocks. 14. The architecture of claim 13, wherein the digital data frame is an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) frame including a plurality of OFDMA symbols. 15. The architecture of claim 14, wherein each data block of the series of data blocks includes at least one OFDMA symbol. 16. The architecture of claim 14, wherein the OFDMA frame corresponds to a data over cable service interface specification (DOCSIS) format. 17. The architecture of claim 14, wherein a length of the primary data prefix is longer than a length of each secondary data prefix of the plurality of secondary data prefixes. 18. The architecture of claim 14, wherein a length of the primary data prefix is substantially twice a length of a secondary data prefix of the plurality of secondary data prefixes. 19. The architecture of claim 14, wherein a length of the primary data prefix is substantially the same as a length of each secondary data prefix of the plurality of secondary data prefixes. 20. The architecture of claim 19, wherein the digital data frame is configured such that a continuous wave tone immediately precedes the primary data prefix. | A method for transmitting a digital frame by an optical network unit in a digital communications network includes steps of arranging received data into a series of symbols, installing a primary cyclic prefix immediately preceding the series of symbols in time, and inserting individual ones of a plurality of secondary cyclic prefixes between each adjacent pair of symbols in the series of symbols. A length of each secondary cyclic prefix corresponds to a first duration shorter than an amount of time needed to turn on a laser of the optical network unit. The method further includes a step of providing to the optical network unit the digital frame. The digital frame includes the primary cyclic prefix, the plurality of secondary cyclic prefixes, and the series of symbols. The method further includes a step of modulating the provided digital frame by a laser of the optical network unit.1. A digital transmission system, comprising:
a processing unit configured to receive digital data and generate at least one data frame therefrom, the at least one data frame including a series of data blocks; and a laser configured to modulate the at least one data frame into a transmitted digital signal, wherein the at least one data frame further includes (i) a primary data prefix for the series of data blocks, and (ii) a plurality of secondary data prefixes disposed between adjacent data blocks within the series of data blocks. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a modem in operable communication with the processing unit and the laser, wherein the modem is configured to transmit the at least one data frame onto digital communication medium in operable communication with the modem. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein a length of each of the plurality of secondary data prefixes has a shorter duration than a turn-on time for the laser. 4. The system of claim 2, further comprising a media access control layer. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the media access control layer is configured to instruct the modem to transmit a tone alerting the laser to turn on prior to receiving the at least one data frame. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the primary data prefix has a length substantially equal to a length of at least one secondary data prefix. 7. The system of claim 4, wherein a length of the primary data prefix is longer than a length of a secondary data prefixes. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the length of the primary data prefix has a longer duration than the amount of time needed to turn on the laser. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the primary data prefix at least two immediately adjacent data prefixes having the same length as the secondary data prefixes. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one data frame is an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) frame including a plurality of OFDMA symbols. 11. The system of claim 1, comprising an optical network unit (ONU). 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the ONU is configured for operable communication with a radio frequency over glass (RFoG) network. 13. A frame architecture for a digital data frame, comprising:
a series of data blocks; a primary data prefix preceding the series of data blocks in time; a plurality of secondary data prefixes respectively disposed between adjacent pairs of data blocks within the series of data blocks. 14. The architecture of claim 13, wherein the digital data frame is an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) frame including a plurality of OFDMA symbols. 15. The architecture of claim 14, wherein each data block of the series of data blocks includes at least one OFDMA symbol. 16. The architecture of claim 14, wherein the OFDMA frame corresponds to a data over cable service interface specification (DOCSIS) format. 17. The architecture of claim 14, wherein a length of the primary data prefix is longer than a length of each secondary data prefix of the plurality of secondary data prefixes. 18. The architecture of claim 14, wherein a length of the primary data prefix is substantially twice a length of a secondary data prefix of the plurality of secondary data prefixes. 19. The architecture of claim 14, wherein a length of the primary data prefix is substantially the same as a length of each secondary data prefix of the plurality of secondary data prefixes. 20. The architecture of claim 19, wherein the digital data frame is configured such that a continuous wave tone immediately precedes the primary data prefix. | 3,700 |
349,403 | 16,806,875 | 3,792 | This disclosure relates to blockchain-type data storage. In one aspect, a method includes receiving, by a database server, multiple second data records. Each second data record includes a first data record having a user identifier and a digital signature of the first data record. Hash values of the second data records are determined. In response to a blockchain-type block generation condition being satisfied, the database server determines two or more second data records to be written in a data block. An Nth data block that includes a hash value and a block height is generated. N is a sequence number of the Nth data block in a sequence of data blocks. When N>1, generating the Nth data block includes determining the hash value for the Nth data block based on the hash values of the two or more second data records and a hash value of a (N−1)th data block. | 1. A computer-implemented method, the method comprising:
receiving, by a database server and from an application server, a plurality of second data records, wherein each second data record comprises (i) a first data record comprising a user identifier and (ii) a user digital signature of the first data record generated by the application server in a trusted execution environment using a use private key corresponding to the user identifier of the first data record; determining hash values of the second data records; and in response to a predetermined blockchain-type block generation condition being satisfied:
determining, by the database server, two or more second data records of the plurality of second data records to be written in a data block; and
generating an Nth data block comprising a hash value and a block height, wherein N is a sequence number of the Nth data block in a sequence of data blocks, and wherein
when N=1, generating the Nth data block comprises
determining the hash value for the Nth data block based on (i) the hash values of the two or more second data records or (ii) a default hash value, and
assigning, as the block height of the Nth data block, an initial block height, and
when N>1, generating the Nth data block comprises determining the hash value for the Nth data block based on the hash values of the two or more second data records and a hash value of a (N−1)th data block, wherein the block height of the Nth data block monotonically increases as more blocks are generated. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein before determining, by the database server, the two or more second data records to be written in a data block, the method comprises:
determining user public keys corresponding to the user identifiers of the first data records; and verifying the plurality of second data records using the user public keys. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined blockchain-type block generation condition comprises:
a quantity of second data records to be stored reaches a quantity threshold; or a time interval from a last block generation time reaches a time threshold. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
returning, by the database server, the hash values of the second data records to the application server; and forwarding, by the application server, the hash values of the second data records to first clients corresponding to the user identifiers of the first data records. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the database server and from the application server, query requests that comprise the hash values of the second data records; obtaining, by the database server, the second data records by querying, a blockchain-type ledger in which each Nth data block is stored, based on the hash values of the second data records, and returning the second data records to the application server; and forwarding, by the application server, the second data records, obtained by the querying, to decryption and verification components of second clients from which the application server received the query requests. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the trusted execution environment comprises Intel SGX, AMD SEV, or ARM TrustZone™. 7. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by a database server and from an application server, a plurality of second data records, wherein each second data record comprises (i) a first data record comprising a user identifier and (ii) a user digital signature of the first data record generated by the application server in a trusted execution environment using a use private key corresponding to the user identifier of the first data record; determining hash values of the second data records; and in response to a predetermined blockchain-type block generation condition being satisfied:
determining, by the database server, two or more second data records of the plurality of second data records to be written in a data block; and
generating an Nth data block comprising a hash value and a block height, wherein N is a sequence number of the Nth data block in a sequence of data blocks, and wherein
when N=1, generating the Nth data block comprises
determining the hash value for the Nth data block based on (i) the hash values of the two or more second data records or (ii) a default hash value, and
assigning, as the block height of the Nth data block, an initial block height, and
when N>1, generating the Nth data block comprises determining the hash value for the Nth data block based on the hash values of the two or more second data records and a hash value of a (N−1)th data block, wherein the block height of the Nth data block monotonically increases as more blocks are generated. 8. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein before determining, by the database server, the two or more second data records to be written in a data block, the operations comprise:
determining user public keys corresponding to the user identifiers of the first data records; and verifying the plurality of second data records using the user public keys. 9. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein the predetermined blockchain-type block generation condition comprises:
a quantity of second data records to be stored reaches a quantity threshold; or a time interval from a last block generation time reaches a time threshold. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein the operations comprise:
returning, by the database server, the hash values of the second data records to the application server; and forwarding, by the application server, the hash values of the second data records to first clients corresponding to the user identifiers of the first data records. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein the operations comprise:
receiving, by the database server and from the application server, query requests that comprise the hash values of the second data records; obtaining, by the database server, the second data records by querying, a blockchain-type ledger in which each Nth data block is stored, based on the hash values of the second data records, and returning the second data records to the application server; and forwarding, by the application server, the second data records, obtained by the querying, to decryption and verification components of second clients from which the application server received the query requests. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein the trusted execution environment comprises Intel SGX, AMD SEV, or ARM TrustZone™. 13. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
receiving, by a database server and from an application server, a plurality of second data records, wherein each second data record comprises (i) a first data record comprising a user identifier and (ii) a user digital signature of the first data record generated by the application server in a trusted execution environment using a use private key corresponding to the user identifier of the first data record;
determining hash values of the second data records; and
in response to a predetermined blockchain-type block generation condition being satisfied:
determining, by the database server, two or more second data records of the plurality of second data records to be written in a data block; and
generating an Nth data block comprising a hash value and a block height, wherein N is a sequence number of the Nth data block in a sequence of data blocks, and wherein
when N=1, generating the Nth data block comprises
determining the hash value for the Nth data block based on (i) the hash values of the two or more second data records or (ii) a default hash value, and
assigning, as the block height of the Nth data block, an initial block height, and
when N>1, generating the Nth data block comprises determining the hash value for the Nth data block based on the hash values of the two or more second data records and a hash value of a (N−1)th data block, wherein the block height of the Nth data block monotonically increases as more blocks are generated. 14. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein before determining, by the database server, the two or more second data records to be written in a data block, the operations comprise:
determining user public keys corresponding to the user identifiers of the first data records; and verifying the plurality of second data records using the user public keys. 15. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the predetermined blockchain-type block generation condition comprises:
a quantity of second data records to be stored reaches a quantity threshold; or a time interval from a last block generation time reaches a time threshold. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the operations comprise:
returning, by the database server, the hash values of the second data records to the application server; and forwarding, by the application server, the hash values of the second data records to first clients corresponding to the user identifiers of the first data records. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the operations comprise:
receiving, by the database server and from the application server, query requests that comprise the hash values of the second data records; obtaining, by the database server, the second data records by querying, a blockchain-type ledger in which each Nth data block is stored, based on the hash values of the second data records, and returning the second data records to the application server; and forwarding, by the application server, the second data records, obtained by the querying, to decryption and verification components of second clients from which the application server received the query requests. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the trusted execution environment comprises Intel SGX, AMD SEV, or ARM TrustZone™. | This disclosure relates to blockchain-type data storage. In one aspect, a method includes receiving, by a database server, multiple second data records. Each second data record includes a first data record having a user identifier and a digital signature of the first data record. Hash values of the second data records are determined. In response to a blockchain-type block generation condition being satisfied, the database server determines two or more second data records to be written in a data block. An Nth data block that includes a hash value and a block height is generated. N is a sequence number of the Nth data block in a sequence of data blocks. When N>1, generating the Nth data block includes determining the hash value for the Nth data block based on the hash values of the two or more second data records and a hash value of a (N−1)th data block.1. A computer-implemented method, the method comprising:
receiving, by a database server and from an application server, a plurality of second data records, wherein each second data record comprises (i) a first data record comprising a user identifier and (ii) a user digital signature of the first data record generated by the application server in a trusted execution environment using a use private key corresponding to the user identifier of the first data record; determining hash values of the second data records; and in response to a predetermined blockchain-type block generation condition being satisfied:
determining, by the database server, two or more second data records of the plurality of second data records to be written in a data block; and
generating an Nth data block comprising a hash value and a block height, wherein N is a sequence number of the Nth data block in a sequence of data blocks, and wherein
when N=1, generating the Nth data block comprises
determining the hash value for the Nth data block based on (i) the hash values of the two or more second data records or (ii) a default hash value, and
assigning, as the block height of the Nth data block, an initial block height, and
when N>1, generating the Nth data block comprises determining the hash value for the Nth data block based on the hash values of the two or more second data records and a hash value of a (N−1)th data block, wherein the block height of the Nth data block monotonically increases as more blocks are generated. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein before determining, by the database server, the two or more second data records to be written in a data block, the method comprises:
determining user public keys corresponding to the user identifiers of the first data records; and verifying the plurality of second data records using the user public keys. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined blockchain-type block generation condition comprises:
a quantity of second data records to be stored reaches a quantity threshold; or a time interval from a last block generation time reaches a time threshold. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
returning, by the database server, the hash values of the second data records to the application server; and forwarding, by the application server, the hash values of the second data records to first clients corresponding to the user identifiers of the first data records. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the database server and from the application server, query requests that comprise the hash values of the second data records; obtaining, by the database server, the second data records by querying, a blockchain-type ledger in which each Nth data block is stored, based on the hash values of the second data records, and returning the second data records to the application server; and forwarding, by the application server, the second data records, obtained by the querying, to decryption and verification components of second clients from which the application server received the query requests. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the trusted execution environment comprises Intel SGX, AMD SEV, or ARM TrustZone™. 7. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by a database server and from an application server, a plurality of second data records, wherein each second data record comprises (i) a first data record comprising a user identifier and (ii) a user digital signature of the first data record generated by the application server in a trusted execution environment using a use private key corresponding to the user identifier of the first data record; determining hash values of the second data records; and in response to a predetermined blockchain-type block generation condition being satisfied:
determining, by the database server, two or more second data records of the plurality of second data records to be written in a data block; and
generating an Nth data block comprising a hash value and a block height, wherein N is a sequence number of the Nth data block in a sequence of data blocks, and wherein
when N=1, generating the Nth data block comprises
determining the hash value for the Nth data block based on (i) the hash values of the two or more second data records or (ii) a default hash value, and
assigning, as the block height of the Nth data block, an initial block height, and
when N>1, generating the Nth data block comprises determining the hash value for the Nth data block based on the hash values of the two or more second data records and a hash value of a (N−1)th data block, wherein the block height of the Nth data block monotonically increases as more blocks are generated. 8. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein before determining, by the database server, the two or more second data records to be written in a data block, the operations comprise:
determining user public keys corresponding to the user identifiers of the first data records; and verifying the plurality of second data records using the user public keys. 9. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein the predetermined blockchain-type block generation condition comprises:
a quantity of second data records to be stored reaches a quantity threshold; or a time interval from a last block generation time reaches a time threshold. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein the operations comprise:
returning, by the database server, the hash values of the second data records to the application server; and forwarding, by the application server, the hash values of the second data records to first clients corresponding to the user identifiers of the first data records. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein the operations comprise:
receiving, by the database server and from the application server, query requests that comprise the hash values of the second data records; obtaining, by the database server, the second data records by querying, a blockchain-type ledger in which each Nth data block is stored, based on the hash values of the second data records, and returning the second data records to the application server; and forwarding, by the application server, the second data records, obtained by the querying, to decryption and verification components of second clients from which the application server received the query requests. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein the trusted execution environment comprises Intel SGX, AMD SEV, or ARM TrustZone™. 13. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
receiving, by a database server and from an application server, a plurality of second data records, wherein each second data record comprises (i) a first data record comprising a user identifier and (ii) a user digital signature of the first data record generated by the application server in a trusted execution environment using a use private key corresponding to the user identifier of the first data record;
determining hash values of the second data records; and
in response to a predetermined blockchain-type block generation condition being satisfied:
determining, by the database server, two or more second data records of the plurality of second data records to be written in a data block; and
generating an Nth data block comprising a hash value and a block height, wherein N is a sequence number of the Nth data block in a sequence of data blocks, and wherein
when N=1, generating the Nth data block comprises
determining the hash value for the Nth data block based on (i) the hash values of the two or more second data records or (ii) a default hash value, and
assigning, as the block height of the Nth data block, an initial block height, and
when N>1, generating the Nth data block comprises determining the hash value for the Nth data block based on the hash values of the two or more second data records and a hash value of a (N−1)th data block, wherein the block height of the Nth data block monotonically increases as more blocks are generated. 14. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein before determining, by the database server, the two or more second data records to be written in a data block, the operations comprise:
determining user public keys corresponding to the user identifiers of the first data records; and verifying the plurality of second data records using the user public keys. 15. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the predetermined blockchain-type block generation condition comprises:
a quantity of second data records to be stored reaches a quantity threshold; or a time interval from a last block generation time reaches a time threshold. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the operations comprise:
returning, by the database server, the hash values of the second data records to the application server; and forwarding, by the application server, the hash values of the second data records to first clients corresponding to the user identifiers of the first data records. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the operations comprise:
receiving, by the database server and from the application server, query requests that comprise the hash values of the second data records; obtaining, by the database server, the second data records by querying, a blockchain-type ledger in which each Nth data block is stored, based on the hash values of the second data records, and returning the second data records to the application server; and forwarding, by the application server, the second data records, obtained by the querying, to decryption and verification components of second clients from which the application server received the query requests. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the trusted execution environment comprises Intel SGX, AMD SEV, or ARM TrustZone™. | 3,700 |
349,404 | 16,806,949 | 3,792 | An apparatus for performing phlebotomy through a peripheral intravenous line. The apparatus includes an introducer and a catheter configured to advance the catheter through a peripheral intravenous line. A y-adapter with a port of larger diameter is configured to receive the catheter and place in fluid communication with the peripheral intravenous line. When advanced the catheter is configured to transport a bodily fluid (i.e. blood) to a volume outside of the body. | 1.-20. (canceled) 21. A method of using a fluid transfer device having an introducer, a catheter, and an actuator, the method comprising:
coupling an adapter to a peripheral intravenous line configured to be at least partially disposed in a vein of a patient; coupling the introducer to the adapter such that the adapter is disposed between the introducer and a port of the peripheral intravenous line; and moving the actuator relative to the introducer to advance the catheter from a first position in which the catheter is proximal to the adapter to a second position in which a portion of the catheter extends through the adapter and the peripheral intravenous line such that a distal end portion of the catheter extends beyond the peripheral intravenous line. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
coupling the adapter to a port of the peripheral intravenous line. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the distal end portion of the catheter includes a plurality of openings, the plurality of openings configured to be distal to the peripheral intravenous line when the catheter is in the second position. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the catheter has a length sufficient to place the distal end portion of the catheter distal to a distal end of the peripheral intravenous line when the catheter is in the second position and the adapter is coupled between the introducer and the peripheral intravenous line. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the introducer has a distal end portion that includes a lock configured to couple the introducer to the adapter. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein moving the actuator includes moving the actuator along a fixed length of the introducer. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein moving the actuator includes moving a proximal end portion of the introducer toward a distal end portion of the introducer. 28. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
establishing fluid communication between the catheter and a fluid reservoir; and transferring a volume of bodily fluid from the patient to the fluid reservoir via the catheter when the peripheral intravenous line is disposed in the vein of the patient and the catheter is in the second position. 29. A method of using a fluid transfer device having an introducer, a catheter, and an actuator, the method comprising:
inserting a distal end portion of a peripheral intravenous line into a vein of a patient; coupling, after the inserting, the introducer to an adapter connected to a port of the peripheral intravenous line; and moving the actuator relative to the introducer to advance the catheter from a first position in which the catheter is proximal to the port to a second position in which a portion of the catheter extends through the adapter and the peripheral intravenous line such that a distal end of the catheter is disposed in the vein in a distal position relative to the peripheral intravenous line. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the peripheral intravenous line defines a lumen between the port and the distal end portion of the peripheral intravenous line, and
wherein moving the actuator relative to the introducer to advance the catheter from the first position to the second position is such that the actuator advances the catheter through the lumen of the peripheral intravenous line without kinking. 31. The method of claim 29, wherein coupling the introducer to the adapter includes coupling a distal end portion of the introducer to the adapter via a lock included in the distal end portion of the introducer. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the lock includes a seal,
the catheter is proximal to the seal when the catheter is in the first position, at least a distal end portion of the catheter is distal to the seal when the catheter is in the second position. 33. The method of claim 29, further comprising:
establishing fluid communication between the catheter and a fluid reservoir; and transferring a volume of bodily fluid from the vein of the patient to the fluid reservoir via the catheter when the catheter is in the second position. 34. The method of claim 29, further comprising:
coupling the adapter to the port of the peripheral intravenous line such that the adapter is disposed between the port and a distal end portion of the introducer. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the catheter has a length sufficient to place the distal end of the catheter distal to the peripheral intravenous line when the catheter is in the second position and the adapter is coupled between the port and the distal end portion of the introducer. 36. A method of using a fluid transfer device having an introducer, a catheter, and an actuator, the method comprising:
coupling the introducer to an adapter, the adapter connected to a peripheral intravenous line configured to be at least partially disposed in a vein of a patient; moving the actuator relative to the introducer to advance the catheter from a first position in which the catheter is proximal to the adapter to a second position in which a portion of the catheter extends through the adapter and the peripheral intravenous line such that a distal end of the catheter is distal to a distal end of the peripheral intravenous line; establishing fluid communication between the catheter and a fluid reservoir; and transferring a volume of bodily fluid from the patient to the fluid reservoir via the catheter when the peripheral intravenous line is disposed in the vein of the patient and the catheter is in the second position. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein a distal end portion of the catheter is configured to support the vein as the volume of bodily fluid is transferred from the patient to the fluid reservoir. 38. The method of claim 36, further comprising:
coupling the adapter to a port of the peripheral intravenous line. 39. The method of claim 36, wherein the catheter has a length sufficient to place the distal end of the catheter distal to the distal end of the peripheral intravenous line when the catheter is in the second position and the adapter is coupled between the introducer and the peripheral intravenous line. 40. The method of claim 36, wherein moving the actuator includes moving the actuator along a fixed length of the introducer. 41. The method of claim 36, wherein moving the actuator includes moving a proximal end portion of the introducer toward a distal end portion of the introducer. 42. The method of claim 36, wherein the catheter is disposed within the introducer when in the first position. 43. The method of claim 36, wherein the adapter has a first port and a second port, the introducer configured to couple to one of the first port or the second port. 44. The method of claim 36, wherein the peripheral intravenous line has a first port and a second port, the adapter configured to be connected to one of the first port or the second port of the peripheral intravenous line. 45. A method of using a fluid transfer device having an introducer, a catheter, and an actuator, the method comprising:
coupling the introducer to a port of a peripheral intravenous line, the peripheral intravenous line configured to be at least partially disposed in a vein of a patient; moving the actuator relative to a portion of the introducer to advance the catheter from a first position inside the introducer and outside the peripheral intravenous line to a second position substantially outside the introducer and at least partially inside the peripheral intravenous line; establishing fluid communication between the catheter and a fluid reservoir; transferring a volume of bodily fluid from the vein of the patient to the fluid reservoir; and moving the actuator relative to the portion of the introducer and after the transferring to retract the catheter from the second position to the first position. 46. The method of claim 45, wherein moving the actuator to advance and retract the catheter includes sliding the actuator along a fixed length of the introducer to move the catheter between the first position and the second position. 47. The method of claim 45, wherein moving the actuator to advance the catheter includes moving a proximal end portion of the introducer toward a distal end portion of the introducer and moving the actuator to retract the catheter includes moving the proximal end portion of the introducer away from the distal end portion of the introducer. 48. The method of claim 45, wherein a distal end portion of the catheter includes a plurality of openings, the plurality of openings configured to be distal to the peripheral intravenous line when the catheter is in the second position. 49. The method of claim 45, wherein coupling the introducer to the port of the peripheral intravenous line includes coupling a distal end portion of the introducer to an adapter connected to the port of the peripheral intravenous line. 50. The method of claim 49, wherein the catheter has a length sufficient to place a distal end of the catheter distal to the peripheral intravenous line when the catheter is in the second position and the adapter is coupled between the distal end portion of the introducer and the peripheral intravenous line. | An apparatus for performing phlebotomy through a peripheral intravenous line. The apparatus includes an introducer and a catheter configured to advance the catheter through a peripheral intravenous line. A y-adapter with a port of larger diameter is configured to receive the catheter and place in fluid communication with the peripheral intravenous line. When advanced the catheter is configured to transport a bodily fluid (i.e. blood) to a volume outside of the body.1.-20. (canceled) 21. A method of using a fluid transfer device having an introducer, a catheter, and an actuator, the method comprising:
coupling an adapter to a peripheral intravenous line configured to be at least partially disposed in a vein of a patient; coupling the introducer to the adapter such that the adapter is disposed between the introducer and a port of the peripheral intravenous line; and moving the actuator relative to the introducer to advance the catheter from a first position in which the catheter is proximal to the adapter to a second position in which a portion of the catheter extends through the adapter and the peripheral intravenous line such that a distal end portion of the catheter extends beyond the peripheral intravenous line. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
coupling the adapter to a port of the peripheral intravenous line. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the distal end portion of the catheter includes a plurality of openings, the plurality of openings configured to be distal to the peripheral intravenous line when the catheter is in the second position. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the catheter has a length sufficient to place the distal end portion of the catheter distal to a distal end of the peripheral intravenous line when the catheter is in the second position and the adapter is coupled between the introducer and the peripheral intravenous line. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the introducer has a distal end portion that includes a lock configured to couple the introducer to the adapter. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein moving the actuator includes moving the actuator along a fixed length of the introducer. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein moving the actuator includes moving a proximal end portion of the introducer toward a distal end portion of the introducer. 28. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
establishing fluid communication between the catheter and a fluid reservoir; and transferring a volume of bodily fluid from the patient to the fluid reservoir via the catheter when the peripheral intravenous line is disposed in the vein of the patient and the catheter is in the second position. 29. A method of using a fluid transfer device having an introducer, a catheter, and an actuator, the method comprising:
inserting a distal end portion of a peripheral intravenous line into a vein of a patient; coupling, after the inserting, the introducer to an adapter connected to a port of the peripheral intravenous line; and moving the actuator relative to the introducer to advance the catheter from a first position in which the catheter is proximal to the port to a second position in which a portion of the catheter extends through the adapter and the peripheral intravenous line such that a distal end of the catheter is disposed in the vein in a distal position relative to the peripheral intravenous line. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the peripheral intravenous line defines a lumen between the port and the distal end portion of the peripheral intravenous line, and
wherein moving the actuator relative to the introducer to advance the catheter from the first position to the second position is such that the actuator advances the catheter through the lumen of the peripheral intravenous line without kinking. 31. The method of claim 29, wherein coupling the introducer to the adapter includes coupling a distal end portion of the introducer to the adapter via a lock included in the distal end portion of the introducer. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the lock includes a seal,
the catheter is proximal to the seal when the catheter is in the first position, at least a distal end portion of the catheter is distal to the seal when the catheter is in the second position. 33. The method of claim 29, further comprising:
establishing fluid communication between the catheter and a fluid reservoir; and transferring a volume of bodily fluid from the vein of the patient to the fluid reservoir via the catheter when the catheter is in the second position. 34. The method of claim 29, further comprising:
coupling the adapter to the port of the peripheral intravenous line such that the adapter is disposed between the port and a distal end portion of the introducer. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the catheter has a length sufficient to place the distal end of the catheter distal to the peripheral intravenous line when the catheter is in the second position and the adapter is coupled between the port and the distal end portion of the introducer. 36. A method of using a fluid transfer device having an introducer, a catheter, and an actuator, the method comprising:
coupling the introducer to an adapter, the adapter connected to a peripheral intravenous line configured to be at least partially disposed in a vein of a patient; moving the actuator relative to the introducer to advance the catheter from a first position in which the catheter is proximal to the adapter to a second position in which a portion of the catheter extends through the adapter and the peripheral intravenous line such that a distal end of the catheter is distal to a distal end of the peripheral intravenous line; establishing fluid communication between the catheter and a fluid reservoir; and transferring a volume of bodily fluid from the patient to the fluid reservoir via the catheter when the peripheral intravenous line is disposed in the vein of the patient and the catheter is in the second position. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein a distal end portion of the catheter is configured to support the vein as the volume of bodily fluid is transferred from the patient to the fluid reservoir. 38. The method of claim 36, further comprising:
coupling the adapter to a port of the peripheral intravenous line. 39. The method of claim 36, wherein the catheter has a length sufficient to place the distal end of the catheter distal to the distal end of the peripheral intravenous line when the catheter is in the second position and the adapter is coupled between the introducer and the peripheral intravenous line. 40. The method of claim 36, wherein moving the actuator includes moving the actuator along a fixed length of the introducer. 41. The method of claim 36, wherein moving the actuator includes moving a proximal end portion of the introducer toward a distal end portion of the introducer. 42. The method of claim 36, wherein the catheter is disposed within the introducer when in the first position. 43. The method of claim 36, wherein the adapter has a first port and a second port, the introducer configured to couple to one of the first port or the second port. 44. The method of claim 36, wherein the peripheral intravenous line has a first port and a second port, the adapter configured to be connected to one of the first port or the second port of the peripheral intravenous line. 45. A method of using a fluid transfer device having an introducer, a catheter, and an actuator, the method comprising:
coupling the introducer to a port of a peripheral intravenous line, the peripheral intravenous line configured to be at least partially disposed in a vein of a patient; moving the actuator relative to a portion of the introducer to advance the catheter from a first position inside the introducer and outside the peripheral intravenous line to a second position substantially outside the introducer and at least partially inside the peripheral intravenous line; establishing fluid communication between the catheter and a fluid reservoir; transferring a volume of bodily fluid from the vein of the patient to the fluid reservoir; and moving the actuator relative to the portion of the introducer and after the transferring to retract the catheter from the second position to the first position. 46. The method of claim 45, wherein moving the actuator to advance and retract the catheter includes sliding the actuator along a fixed length of the introducer to move the catheter between the first position and the second position. 47. The method of claim 45, wherein moving the actuator to advance the catheter includes moving a proximal end portion of the introducer toward a distal end portion of the introducer and moving the actuator to retract the catheter includes moving the proximal end portion of the introducer away from the distal end portion of the introducer. 48. The method of claim 45, wherein a distal end portion of the catheter includes a plurality of openings, the plurality of openings configured to be distal to the peripheral intravenous line when the catheter is in the second position. 49. The method of claim 45, wherein coupling the introducer to the port of the peripheral intravenous line includes coupling a distal end portion of the introducer to an adapter connected to the port of the peripheral intravenous line. 50. The method of claim 49, wherein the catheter has a length sufficient to place a distal end of the catheter distal to the peripheral intravenous line when the catheter is in the second position and the adapter is coupled between the distal end portion of the introducer and the peripheral intravenous line. | 3,700 |
349,405 | 16,807,015 | 3,792 | A touch sensor includes: a plurality of first sensor electrode columns disposed in a sensing area, the plurality of first sensor electrode columns each including one or more first sensor electrodes; a plurality of second sensor electrode columns alternately disposed with the first sensor electrode columns in the sensing area, the plurality of second sensor electrode columns each including a plurality of second sensor electrodes having a length defined by a longitudinal axis and a width extending in a direction across the length; and a plurality of lines connected to the first sensor electrode columns and the second sensor electrode columns. An outline length of at least some of the second sensor electrodes facing the first sensor electrodes varies along the longitudinal axis of its respective second sensor electrodes. | 1. A touch sensor comprising:
a plurality of first sensor electrode columns disposed in a sensing area, the plurality of first sensor electrode columns each including one or more first sensor electrodes; a plurality of second sensor electrode columns alternately disposed with the first sensor electrode columns in the sensing area, the plurality of second sensor electrode columns each including a plurality of second sensor electrodes having a length defined by a longitudinal axis and a width extending in a direction across the length; and a plurality of lines connected to the first sensor electrode columns and the second sensor electrode columns, wherein an outline length of at least some of the second sensor electrodes facing the first sensor electrodes varies along the longitudinal axis of its respective second sensor electrodes. 2. The touch sensor of claim 1, wherein a variation in capacitance caused by a touch input between the first sensor electrodes and the second sensor electrodes increases as the outline length increases. 3. The touch sensor of claim 1, wherein the first sensor electrodes and the second sensor electrodes are disposed to intersect each other, along the column direction or row direction. 4. The touch sensor of claim 3, wherein each of the first sensor electrodes disposed in each of the first sensing electrode columns overlaps in the row direction with at least two second sensor electrodes disposed in adjacent second sensing electrode column. 5. The touch sensor of claim 1, wherein the first sensor electrode is spaced from adjacent second sensor electrodes at a predetermined distance along boundary surfaces of the adjacent second sensor electrodes. 6. The touch sensor of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first sensor electrode and the second sensor electrode is formed as a mesh pattern. 7. The touch sensor of claim 1, wherein at least some of the second sensor electrodes have a width that varies along the longitudinal axis of its respective second sensor electrodes, and that is greater at the end areas than at the area therebetween. 8. The touch sensor of claim 7, further comprising:
a pad unit including a plurality of pads connected to the lines, wherein the sensing area is divided into a plurality of areas according to distance from the pad unit, and at least one of shape and the outline length of some of the second sensor electrodes varies according to the respective divided areas. 9. The touch sensor of claim 8, wherein the sensing area includes a first area spaced from the pad unit by a first distance and a second area spaced from the pad unit by a second distance less than the first distance,
wherein at least some of second sensor electrodes disposed in the first area have a first outline length, and at least some of second sensor electrodes disposed in the second area have a second outline length longer than the first outline length. 10. The touch sensor of claim 9, wherein the sensing area further includes a third area spaced from the pad unit by a third distance less than the second distance, wherein at least some of second sensor electrodes disposed in the third area have a third outline length longer than the second outline length. 11. A touch sensor comprising:
a plurality of first sensing electrode columns disposed in a sensing area, the plurality of first sensing electrode columns each including one or more first sensor electrodes; a plurality of second sensing electrode columns alternately disposed with the first sensor electrode columns in the sensing area, the plurality of second sensing electrode columns each including one or more second sensor electrodes; a plurality of gray zones located between adjacent the first sensor electrodes and the second sensor electrodes; at least one of dummy patterns disposed in each of the plurality of gray zones; and a plurality of lines connected to the first sensor electrode columns and the second sensor electrode columns. 12. The touch sensor of claim 11, wherein the first sensor electrodes and the second sensor electrodes are disposed to intersect each other, along the column direction or row direction. 13. The touch sensor of claim 12, wherein each of the first sensor electrodes disposed in each of the first sensing electrode columns overlaps in the row direction with at least two second sensor electrodes disposed in adjacent second sensing electrode column. 14. The touch sensor of claim 11, wherein at least one of the first sensor electrode and the second sensor electrode is formed as a mesh pattern. 15. The touch sensor of claim 11, further comprising:
a pad unit including a plurality of pads connected to the lines, wherein the number of the dummy patterns disposed in each of the gray zones increase as the distance between the gray zone and the pad unit increases. 16. The touch sensor of claim 11, wherein the number of the lines disposed in each of the gray zones decreases as the distance between the gray zone and the pad unit increases. 17. The touch sensor of claim 11, wherein at least some of the second sensor electrodes have at least two different widths. 18. The touch sensor of claim 11, wherein each of the first sensor electrode columns includes N (where N is a natural number of 2 or more) first sensor electrodes arranged in a first direction,
wherein each of the second sensor electrode columns includes N second sensor electrode groups arranged in the first direction adjacent the respective N first sensor electrodes, and each of the N second sensor electrode groups includes K (where K is a natural number of 2 or more) second sensor electrodes having a smaller area than each of the first sensor electrodes. 19. The touch sensor of claim 18, wherein, of the N first sensor electrodes, at least a first sensor electrode closest to the pad unit comprises at least two sub-electrodes. 20. The touch sensor of claim 19, wherein sub-electrodes included in the same first sensor electrode column of the first sensor electrode columns are connected to the same pad provided in the pad unit. | A touch sensor includes: a plurality of first sensor electrode columns disposed in a sensing area, the plurality of first sensor electrode columns each including one or more first sensor electrodes; a plurality of second sensor electrode columns alternately disposed with the first sensor electrode columns in the sensing area, the plurality of second sensor electrode columns each including a plurality of second sensor electrodes having a length defined by a longitudinal axis and a width extending in a direction across the length; and a plurality of lines connected to the first sensor electrode columns and the second sensor electrode columns. An outline length of at least some of the second sensor electrodes facing the first sensor electrodes varies along the longitudinal axis of its respective second sensor electrodes.1. A touch sensor comprising:
a plurality of first sensor electrode columns disposed in a sensing area, the plurality of first sensor electrode columns each including one or more first sensor electrodes; a plurality of second sensor electrode columns alternately disposed with the first sensor electrode columns in the sensing area, the plurality of second sensor electrode columns each including a plurality of second sensor electrodes having a length defined by a longitudinal axis and a width extending in a direction across the length; and a plurality of lines connected to the first sensor electrode columns and the second sensor electrode columns, wherein an outline length of at least some of the second sensor electrodes facing the first sensor electrodes varies along the longitudinal axis of its respective second sensor electrodes. 2. The touch sensor of claim 1, wherein a variation in capacitance caused by a touch input between the first sensor electrodes and the second sensor electrodes increases as the outline length increases. 3. The touch sensor of claim 1, wherein the first sensor electrodes and the second sensor electrodes are disposed to intersect each other, along the column direction or row direction. 4. The touch sensor of claim 3, wherein each of the first sensor electrodes disposed in each of the first sensing electrode columns overlaps in the row direction with at least two second sensor electrodes disposed in adjacent second sensing electrode column. 5. The touch sensor of claim 1, wherein the first sensor electrode is spaced from adjacent second sensor electrodes at a predetermined distance along boundary surfaces of the adjacent second sensor electrodes. 6. The touch sensor of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first sensor electrode and the second sensor electrode is formed as a mesh pattern. 7. The touch sensor of claim 1, wherein at least some of the second sensor electrodes have a width that varies along the longitudinal axis of its respective second sensor electrodes, and that is greater at the end areas than at the area therebetween. 8. The touch sensor of claim 7, further comprising:
a pad unit including a plurality of pads connected to the lines, wherein the sensing area is divided into a plurality of areas according to distance from the pad unit, and at least one of shape and the outline length of some of the second sensor electrodes varies according to the respective divided areas. 9. The touch sensor of claim 8, wherein the sensing area includes a first area spaced from the pad unit by a first distance and a second area spaced from the pad unit by a second distance less than the first distance,
wherein at least some of second sensor electrodes disposed in the first area have a first outline length, and at least some of second sensor electrodes disposed in the second area have a second outline length longer than the first outline length. 10. The touch sensor of claim 9, wherein the sensing area further includes a third area spaced from the pad unit by a third distance less than the second distance, wherein at least some of second sensor electrodes disposed in the third area have a third outline length longer than the second outline length. 11. A touch sensor comprising:
a plurality of first sensing electrode columns disposed in a sensing area, the plurality of first sensing electrode columns each including one or more first sensor electrodes; a plurality of second sensing electrode columns alternately disposed with the first sensor electrode columns in the sensing area, the plurality of second sensing electrode columns each including one or more second sensor electrodes; a plurality of gray zones located between adjacent the first sensor electrodes and the second sensor electrodes; at least one of dummy patterns disposed in each of the plurality of gray zones; and a plurality of lines connected to the first sensor electrode columns and the second sensor electrode columns. 12. The touch sensor of claim 11, wherein the first sensor electrodes and the second sensor electrodes are disposed to intersect each other, along the column direction or row direction. 13. The touch sensor of claim 12, wherein each of the first sensor electrodes disposed in each of the first sensing electrode columns overlaps in the row direction with at least two second sensor electrodes disposed in adjacent second sensing electrode column. 14. The touch sensor of claim 11, wherein at least one of the first sensor electrode and the second sensor electrode is formed as a mesh pattern. 15. The touch sensor of claim 11, further comprising:
a pad unit including a plurality of pads connected to the lines, wherein the number of the dummy patterns disposed in each of the gray zones increase as the distance between the gray zone and the pad unit increases. 16. The touch sensor of claim 11, wherein the number of the lines disposed in each of the gray zones decreases as the distance between the gray zone and the pad unit increases. 17. The touch sensor of claim 11, wherein at least some of the second sensor electrodes have at least two different widths. 18. The touch sensor of claim 11, wherein each of the first sensor electrode columns includes N (where N is a natural number of 2 or more) first sensor electrodes arranged in a first direction,
wherein each of the second sensor electrode columns includes N second sensor electrode groups arranged in the first direction adjacent the respective N first sensor electrodes, and each of the N second sensor electrode groups includes K (where K is a natural number of 2 or more) second sensor electrodes having a smaller area than each of the first sensor electrodes. 19. The touch sensor of claim 18, wherein, of the N first sensor electrodes, at least a first sensor electrode closest to the pad unit comprises at least two sub-electrodes. 20. The touch sensor of claim 19, wherein sub-electrodes included in the same first sensor electrode column of the first sensor electrode columns are connected to the same pad provided in the pad unit. | 3,700 |
349,406 | 16,807,009 | 2,442 | A device includes a converged input/output controller that includes a physical target storage media controller, a physical network interface controller and a gateway between the storage media controller and the network interface controller, wherein gateway provides a direct connection for storage traffic and network traffic between the storage media controller and the network interface controller. | 1. A method for virtualizing direct-attached storage, the method comprising:
receiving, at a first converged controller, a direct-attached storage request for content over a PCIe connection from a host system, the request including a host-designated local storage address of the content; determining, with the first converged controller a network location of a second converged controller having direct access to the requested content, wherein a physical location of the requested content is a direct-attached storage resource of a remote network-connected host, the direct-attached storage resource connected to and controlled by the second converged controller of the remote network-connected host; communicating a network request for the requested content over of a network to the second converged controller; retrieving the requested content from the physical location by the second converged controller; returning the retrieved content over the network to the first converged controller; and delivering, from the first converged controller, the retrieved content to the host system via the PCIe connection as a local access reply that indicates the retrieved content was retrieved from the host-designated local storage address. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising encapsulating the retrieved content prior to returning the retrieved content over the network. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising de-encapsulating the retrieved content prior to delivering the retrieved content to the host system. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising
providing a set of target access credits to a plurality of target-oriented queues on the second converged controller for accessing requested data on the physical location; mapping with a multiplexer a source-oriented queue of a plurality of source-oriented queues on the second converged controller to the plurality of target-oriented queues; and providing a set of source access credits for the source-oriented queue of the plurality of source-oriented queues responsive to a request from at least one of a plurality of source resources connected to the plurality of source-oriented queues to access the physical location. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising, mapping a source-oriented credit-based storage access scheduling scheme to a target device-oriented credit-based storage access scheduling scheme. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising limiting a maximum number of source access credits for the source-oriented queue of the plurality of source-oriented queues based on a total depth of queues of the plurality of target-oriented queues. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a second request for a data item at the first converged controller, the second request comprising a locally connected storage request protocol; responding to the second request with the requested data item using a locally stored data response protocol independent of the physical location of the data item. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein communicating the network request over the network comprises encapsulating a protocol selected from the group consisting of: serial attached SCSI (SAS) or serial ATA, as a non-volatile memory express (NVMe) transaction. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein communicating the network request over the network comprises translating a protocol from a first protocol used for the local request to a second protocol used for the network request. 10. A converged network controller system comprising:
a first converged network-storage controller configured to receive from an operating system of a host a local request for a stored data item; a device mapping facility configured to determine a location of the stored data item; a storage network tunnel configured to generate a network request for the stored data item from a network location; and a virtualization facility configured to translate a protocol from a first protocol used in the local request to a second protocol used in the network request. 11. The controller of claim 10, wherein the first protocol is a PCIe protocol independently of the second protocol. 12. The controller of claim 10, wherein the storage network tunnel is further configured to encapsulate the network request. 13. The controller of claim 10, further comprising:
a plurality of source-oriented queues, each source-oriented queue connected to a different network location; a plurality of target-oriented queues, each target-oriented queue connected to a different host; a multiplexer for selectively coupling one of the plurality of source-oriented queues to one of the plurality of target-oriented queues, wherein the coupling enables a number of data accesses between the network location connected to the coupled source-oriented queue and the host connected to the coupled target-oriented queue according to a credit-based flow control; wherein the credit-based flow control limits the number of data accesses according to a number of credits allocated to the network location connected to the coupled source-oriented queue. 14. The controller of claim 10, further comprising a congestion control facility configured to map a source-oriented credit-based storage access scheduling scheme to a target device-oriented credit-based storage access scheduling scheme. 15. The controller of claim 10, the second protocol selected from the group consisting of:
serial attached SCSI (SAS), serial ATA, or non-volatile memory express (NVMe). 16. A method for virtualizing direct-attached storage, the method comprising:
receiving, at a first converged controller, a direct-attached storage request for content over a PCIe connection from a host system; determining a physical location of the requested content, wherein the physical location is a data storage resource locally connected to and controlled by a second converged controller of a remote network-connected host; communicating a network request for the requested content over of a network to the second converged controller; receiving the requested content over the network from the second converged controller; and delivering, from the first converged controller, the requested content to the host system via a PCIe connection local access reply. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising
providing a set of target access credits to a plurality of target-oriented queues on the first converged controller for accessing requested data on the network; mapping with a multiplexer a source-oriented queue of a plurality of source-oriented queues on the second converged controller to the plurality of target-oriented queues; and providing a set of source access credits for the source-oriented queue of the plurality of source-oriented queues responsive to a request from at least one of a plurality of source resources connected to the plurality of source-oriented queues to access the network; 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising, mapping a source-oriented credit-based storage access scheduling scheme to a target device-oriented credit-based storage access scheduling scheme. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising limiting a maximum number of source access credits for the source-oriented queue of the plurality of source-oriented queues based on a total depth of queues of the plurality of target-oriented queues. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
receiving a second request for a data item at the first converged controller, the second request comprising a locally connected storage request protocol; responding to the second request with the requested data item using a locally stored data response protocol independent of the physical location of the data item. | A device includes a converged input/output controller that includes a physical target storage media controller, a physical network interface controller and a gateway between the storage media controller and the network interface controller, wherein gateway provides a direct connection for storage traffic and network traffic between the storage media controller and the network interface controller.1. A method for virtualizing direct-attached storage, the method comprising:
receiving, at a first converged controller, a direct-attached storage request for content over a PCIe connection from a host system, the request including a host-designated local storage address of the content; determining, with the first converged controller a network location of a second converged controller having direct access to the requested content, wherein a physical location of the requested content is a direct-attached storage resource of a remote network-connected host, the direct-attached storage resource connected to and controlled by the second converged controller of the remote network-connected host; communicating a network request for the requested content over of a network to the second converged controller; retrieving the requested content from the physical location by the second converged controller; returning the retrieved content over the network to the first converged controller; and delivering, from the first converged controller, the retrieved content to the host system via the PCIe connection as a local access reply that indicates the retrieved content was retrieved from the host-designated local storage address. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising encapsulating the retrieved content prior to returning the retrieved content over the network. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising de-encapsulating the retrieved content prior to delivering the retrieved content to the host system. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising
providing a set of target access credits to a plurality of target-oriented queues on the second converged controller for accessing requested data on the physical location; mapping with a multiplexer a source-oriented queue of a plurality of source-oriented queues on the second converged controller to the plurality of target-oriented queues; and providing a set of source access credits for the source-oriented queue of the plurality of source-oriented queues responsive to a request from at least one of a plurality of source resources connected to the plurality of source-oriented queues to access the physical location. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising, mapping a source-oriented credit-based storage access scheduling scheme to a target device-oriented credit-based storage access scheduling scheme. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising limiting a maximum number of source access credits for the source-oriented queue of the plurality of source-oriented queues based on a total depth of queues of the plurality of target-oriented queues. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a second request for a data item at the first converged controller, the second request comprising a locally connected storage request protocol; responding to the second request with the requested data item using a locally stored data response protocol independent of the physical location of the data item. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein communicating the network request over the network comprises encapsulating a protocol selected from the group consisting of: serial attached SCSI (SAS) or serial ATA, as a non-volatile memory express (NVMe) transaction. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein communicating the network request over the network comprises translating a protocol from a first protocol used for the local request to a second protocol used for the network request. 10. A converged network controller system comprising:
a first converged network-storage controller configured to receive from an operating system of a host a local request for a stored data item; a device mapping facility configured to determine a location of the stored data item; a storage network tunnel configured to generate a network request for the stored data item from a network location; and a virtualization facility configured to translate a protocol from a first protocol used in the local request to a second protocol used in the network request. 11. The controller of claim 10, wherein the first protocol is a PCIe protocol independently of the second protocol. 12. The controller of claim 10, wherein the storage network tunnel is further configured to encapsulate the network request. 13. The controller of claim 10, further comprising:
a plurality of source-oriented queues, each source-oriented queue connected to a different network location; a plurality of target-oriented queues, each target-oriented queue connected to a different host; a multiplexer for selectively coupling one of the plurality of source-oriented queues to one of the plurality of target-oriented queues, wherein the coupling enables a number of data accesses between the network location connected to the coupled source-oriented queue and the host connected to the coupled target-oriented queue according to a credit-based flow control; wherein the credit-based flow control limits the number of data accesses according to a number of credits allocated to the network location connected to the coupled source-oriented queue. 14. The controller of claim 10, further comprising a congestion control facility configured to map a source-oriented credit-based storage access scheduling scheme to a target device-oriented credit-based storage access scheduling scheme. 15. The controller of claim 10, the second protocol selected from the group consisting of:
serial attached SCSI (SAS), serial ATA, or non-volatile memory express (NVMe). 16. A method for virtualizing direct-attached storage, the method comprising:
receiving, at a first converged controller, a direct-attached storage request for content over a PCIe connection from a host system; determining a physical location of the requested content, wherein the physical location is a data storage resource locally connected to and controlled by a second converged controller of a remote network-connected host; communicating a network request for the requested content over of a network to the second converged controller; receiving the requested content over the network from the second converged controller; and delivering, from the first converged controller, the requested content to the host system via a PCIe connection local access reply. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising
providing a set of target access credits to a plurality of target-oriented queues on the first converged controller for accessing requested data on the network; mapping with a multiplexer a source-oriented queue of a plurality of source-oriented queues on the second converged controller to the plurality of target-oriented queues; and providing a set of source access credits for the source-oriented queue of the plurality of source-oriented queues responsive to a request from at least one of a plurality of source resources connected to the plurality of source-oriented queues to access the network; 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising, mapping a source-oriented credit-based storage access scheduling scheme to a target device-oriented credit-based storage access scheduling scheme. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising limiting a maximum number of source access credits for the source-oriented queue of the plurality of source-oriented queues based on a total depth of queues of the plurality of target-oriented queues. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
receiving a second request for a data item at the first converged controller, the second request comprising a locally connected storage request protocol; responding to the second request with the requested data item using a locally stored data response protocol independent of the physical location of the data item. | 2,400 |
349,407 | 16,806,985 | 2,442 | A working machine has a body and a load handling apparatus coupled to the body. The load handling apparatus is moveable with respect to the body by an electrically driven actuator assembly. A controller is configured to receive a tilt signal representative of a moment of tilt of the working machine and issue a control signal configured to control an electrical drive element of the electrically driven actuator assembly based on the value of the tilt signal relative to a tilt threshold. | 1. A controller for use with a working machine, the working machine comprising:
a body and a load handling apparatus coupled to the body, wherein the load handling apparatus is moveable with respect to the body by an electrically driven actuator assembly; wherein the controller is configured to: receive a tilt signal representative of a moment of tilt of the working machine, and issue a control signal configured to control an electrical drive element of the electrically driven actuator assembly based on the value of the tilt signal relative to a tilt threshold. 2. The controller according to claim 1, wherein the control signal is configured to: reduce the speed of the electrical drive element as the value of the tilt signal approaches the tilt threshold, and/or prevent movement of the electrically driven actuator assembly which would cause the value of the tilt signal to exceed the tilt threshold. 3. The controller according to claim 1, wherein when the value of the tilt signal reaches or exceeds the tilt threshold, the control signal is configured to allow movement of the electrically driven actuator assembly in a direction which would cause the value of the tilt signal to reduce below the tilt threshold. 4. The controller according to claim 1, wherein the electrically driven actuator assembly comprises an electric linear actuator and the electrical drive element comprises the electric linear actuator. 5. The controller according to claim 1, wherein the electrically driven actuator assembly comprises a hydraulic actuator and an electrically driven hydraulic pump configured to provide hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic actuator, wherein the electrical drive element comprises the electrically driven hydraulic pump and wherein the control signal is configured to control the electrically driven hydraulic pump to control a supply of hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic actuator based on the value of the tilt signal relative to the tilt threshold. 6. The controller according to claim 5, wherein the control signal is configured to control the electrically driven hydraulic pump to restrict the supply of hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic actuator in order to restrict movement of the load handling apparatus based on the value of the tilt signal relative to the tilt threshold, optionally by indicating a reduction in the speed of the hydraulic pump. 7. The controller according to claim 6, wherein the control signal is configured to stop the electrically driven hydraulic pump based on the value of the tilt signal reaching or exceeding the tilt threshold to substantially prevent the supply of hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic actuator in order to prevent a movement of the load handling apparatus which would cause the value of the tilt signal to exceed the tilt threshold. 8. The controller according to claim 6, wherein when the value of the tilt signal reaches or exceeds the tilt threshold, the control signal is configured to operate the electrically driven hydraulic pump to supply hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic actuator only so that the hydraulic actuator can be moved in a direction which reduces the value of the tilt signal below the tilt threshold. 9. The controller according to claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to receive a stabilizer signal representative of whether one or more stabilizers of the working machine are deployed, and the tilt threshold is further dependent on the stabilizer signal. 10. The controller according to claim 1, wherein the tilt signal represents the load on an axle of the working machine. 11. A controller according to claim 1, and further wherein the controller is incorporated into a control system. 12. A working machine, in combination with the controller of claim 1. 13. The working machine according to claim 12, further comprising a body and a load handling apparatus, wherein the load handling apparatus comprises a lifting arm, the lifting arm being at least pivotable with respect to the working machine body, optionally wherein the lifting arm is pivotable about a substantially transverse axis of the working machine and the lifting arm extends substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the working machine. 14. The working machine according to claim 13, wherein the lifting arm is pivotable about a location between a longitudinal mid-point of the body and a rear of the body. 15. The working machine according to claim 13, wherein the lifting arm is telescopic. 16. The working machine according to claim 13, wherein the lifting arm has a fixed orientation in a vertical plane with respect to the body. 17. The working machine according to claim 13, wherein the working machine further comprises a ground engaging propulsion structure to permit movement thereof over the ground, optionally wherein the ground engaging propulsion structure is electrically propelled. 18. The working machine according to claim 13, further comprising an electrical energy store configured to provide electrical energy to the actuator assembly, optionally to propel the working machine, and optionally wherein the electrical energy store comprises a battery, and/or a capacitor and/or a fuel cell. 19. The working machine according to claim 13, wherein the actuator assembly comprises a hydraulic actuator and an electrically driven hydraulic pump, optionally wherein the electrically driven hydraulic pump comprises an electric motor and the working machine comprises an independent electric steering motor and/or an independent electric traction motor. 20. The working machine according to claim 13, wherein the actuator assembly comprises an electric actuator. | A working machine has a body and a load handling apparatus coupled to the body. The load handling apparatus is moveable with respect to the body by an electrically driven actuator assembly. A controller is configured to receive a tilt signal representative of a moment of tilt of the working machine and issue a control signal configured to control an electrical drive element of the electrically driven actuator assembly based on the value of the tilt signal relative to a tilt threshold.1. A controller for use with a working machine, the working machine comprising:
a body and a load handling apparatus coupled to the body, wherein the load handling apparatus is moveable with respect to the body by an electrically driven actuator assembly; wherein the controller is configured to: receive a tilt signal representative of a moment of tilt of the working machine, and issue a control signal configured to control an electrical drive element of the electrically driven actuator assembly based on the value of the tilt signal relative to a tilt threshold. 2. The controller according to claim 1, wherein the control signal is configured to: reduce the speed of the electrical drive element as the value of the tilt signal approaches the tilt threshold, and/or prevent movement of the electrically driven actuator assembly which would cause the value of the tilt signal to exceed the tilt threshold. 3. The controller according to claim 1, wherein when the value of the tilt signal reaches or exceeds the tilt threshold, the control signal is configured to allow movement of the electrically driven actuator assembly in a direction which would cause the value of the tilt signal to reduce below the tilt threshold. 4. The controller according to claim 1, wherein the electrically driven actuator assembly comprises an electric linear actuator and the electrical drive element comprises the electric linear actuator. 5. The controller according to claim 1, wherein the electrically driven actuator assembly comprises a hydraulic actuator and an electrically driven hydraulic pump configured to provide hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic actuator, wherein the electrical drive element comprises the electrically driven hydraulic pump and wherein the control signal is configured to control the electrically driven hydraulic pump to control a supply of hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic actuator based on the value of the tilt signal relative to the tilt threshold. 6. The controller according to claim 5, wherein the control signal is configured to control the electrically driven hydraulic pump to restrict the supply of hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic actuator in order to restrict movement of the load handling apparatus based on the value of the tilt signal relative to the tilt threshold, optionally by indicating a reduction in the speed of the hydraulic pump. 7. The controller according to claim 6, wherein the control signal is configured to stop the electrically driven hydraulic pump based on the value of the tilt signal reaching or exceeding the tilt threshold to substantially prevent the supply of hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic actuator in order to prevent a movement of the load handling apparatus which would cause the value of the tilt signal to exceed the tilt threshold. 8. The controller according to claim 6, wherein when the value of the tilt signal reaches or exceeds the tilt threshold, the control signal is configured to operate the electrically driven hydraulic pump to supply hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic actuator only so that the hydraulic actuator can be moved in a direction which reduces the value of the tilt signal below the tilt threshold. 9. The controller according to claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to receive a stabilizer signal representative of whether one or more stabilizers of the working machine are deployed, and the tilt threshold is further dependent on the stabilizer signal. 10. The controller according to claim 1, wherein the tilt signal represents the load on an axle of the working machine. 11. A controller according to claim 1, and further wherein the controller is incorporated into a control system. 12. A working machine, in combination with the controller of claim 1. 13. The working machine according to claim 12, further comprising a body and a load handling apparatus, wherein the load handling apparatus comprises a lifting arm, the lifting arm being at least pivotable with respect to the working machine body, optionally wherein the lifting arm is pivotable about a substantially transverse axis of the working machine and the lifting arm extends substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the working machine. 14. The working machine according to claim 13, wherein the lifting arm is pivotable about a location between a longitudinal mid-point of the body and a rear of the body. 15. The working machine according to claim 13, wherein the lifting arm is telescopic. 16. The working machine according to claim 13, wherein the lifting arm has a fixed orientation in a vertical plane with respect to the body. 17. The working machine according to claim 13, wherein the working machine further comprises a ground engaging propulsion structure to permit movement thereof over the ground, optionally wherein the ground engaging propulsion structure is electrically propelled. 18. The working machine according to claim 13, further comprising an electrical energy store configured to provide electrical energy to the actuator assembly, optionally to propel the working machine, and optionally wherein the electrical energy store comprises a battery, and/or a capacitor and/or a fuel cell. 19. The working machine according to claim 13, wherein the actuator assembly comprises a hydraulic actuator and an electrically driven hydraulic pump, optionally wherein the electrically driven hydraulic pump comprises an electric motor and the working machine comprises an independent electric steering motor and/or an independent electric traction motor. 20. The working machine according to claim 13, wherein the actuator assembly comprises an electric actuator. | 2,400 |
349,408 | 16,807,022 | 2,413 | A network system comprising: a control node; a first head node, comprising a first head forward port, a first head backward port and a first head backup port, wherein the first head forward port is connected to the control node; a first ordinary node, comprising a first forward port, a first backward port and a first backup port, wherein the first forward port is connected to the first head backward port; a second ordinary node, comprising a second forward port, a second backward port and a second backup port, wherein the second forward port is connected to the first backward port; and a third ordinary node, comprising a third forward port, a third backward port and a third backup port, wherein the third forward port is connected to the second backward port, wherein the third backup port is connected to the first head backup port. | 1. A network system, comprising:
a control node; a first head node, comprising a first head forward port, a first head backward port and a first head backup port, wherein the first head forward port is connected to the control node; a first ordinary node, comprising a first forward port, a first backward port and a first backup port, wherein the first forward port is connected to the first head backward port; a second ordinary node, comprising a second forward port, a second backward port and a second backup port, wherein the second forward port is connected to the first backward port; and a third ordinary node, comprising a third forward port, a third backward port and a third backup port, wherein the third forward port is connected to the second backward port, and the third backup port is connected to the first head backup port. 2. The network system of claim 1, further comprising:
a second head node, comprising a second head forward port, a second head backward port and a second head backup port, wherein the second head forward port is connected to the control node, the second head backward port is not connected to any node, and the second head backup port is connected to the first backup port. 3. The network system of claim 1, further comprising:
a fourth ordinary node, comprising a fourth forward port, a fourth backward port and a fourth backup port, wherein the fourth forward port is connected to the third backward port; and a fifth ordinary node, comprising a fifth forward port, a fifth backward port and a fifth backup port, wherein the fifth forward port is connected to the fourth backward port, and the fifth backup port is connected to the second backup port. 4. The network system of claim 1, further comprising:
a last node, comprising a last forward port, a last backward port and a last backup port, wherein the last backward port is not connected to any node. 5. The network system of claim 4, wherein the last backup port is connected to a backup port of an ordinary node that is separated by one or two nodes from the last node. 6. A network system, comprising:
a control node; a first head node, comprising a first head forward port, a first head backward port and a first head backup port, wherein the first head forward port is connected to the control node; a last node, comprising a last forward port, a last backward port and a last backup port, wherein the last backward port is not connected to any node; a plurality of ordinary nodes which are connected in series between the first head node and the last node, wherein each of the ordinary nodes comprises a forward port, a backward port and a backup port; wherein the forward port of a first one of the ordinary nodes is connected to the first head backward port; wherein the forward port of each one of ordinary nodes subsequent to the first one of the ordinary nodes is connected to the backward port of a previous one of the ordinary nodes; wherein the backward port of a last one of the ordinary nodes is connected to the last forward port; wherein the backup port of at least one of the ordinary nodes is connected to the backup port of the ordinary node that is subsequent and separated by one or two nodes; wherein the first head backup port is connected to the backup port of the one of the ordinary nodes that is subsequent to the first head node and separated by one or two nodes from the first head node. 7. The network system of claim 6, further comprising:
a second head node, comprising a second head forward port, a second head backward port and a second head backup port, wherein the second head forward port is connected to the control node, the second head backward port is not connected to any node, and the second head backup port is connected to the backup port of the first one of the ordinary nodes. 8. The network system of claim 6, wherein the last backup port is connected to the backup port of the ordinary node that is separated by one or two nodes from the last node. 9. The network system of claim 6, wherein the backup port of the ordinary node that is not the first one of the ordinary nodes and is with an odd number is connected to the backup port of the ordinary node that is previous and is separated by two nodes, or connected to the first head backward port. 10. The network system of claim 6, wherein the backup port of the ordinary node with a non-maximum even number is connected to the backup port of the ordinary node that is subsequent and is separated by two nodes, or connected to the last backup port. 11. The network system of claim 6, wherein the backup port of the ordinary node with a maximum even number is not connected to any node if the ordinary node with the maximum even number is not separated by any node from the last node, wherein the backup port of the ordinary node with the maximum even number is connected to the last backup port if the ordinary node with the maximum even number is separated by one node from the last node. | A network system comprising: a control node; a first head node, comprising a first head forward port, a first head backward port and a first head backup port, wherein the first head forward port is connected to the control node; a first ordinary node, comprising a first forward port, a first backward port and a first backup port, wherein the first forward port is connected to the first head backward port; a second ordinary node, comprising a second forward port, a second backward port and a second backup port, wherein the second forward port is connected to the first backward port; and a third ordinary node, comprising a third forward port, a third backward port and a third backup port, wherein the third forward port is connected to the second backward port, wherein the third backup port is connected to the first head backup port.1. A network system, comprising:
a control node; a first head node, comprising a first head forward port, a first head backward port and a first head backup port, wherein the first head forward port is connected to the control node; a first ordinary node, comprising a first forward port, a first backward port and a first backup port, wherein the first forward port is connected to the first head backward port; a second ordinary node, comprising a second forward port, a second backward port and a second backup port, wherein the second forward port is connected to the first backward port; and a third ordinary node, comprising a third forward port, a third backward port and a third backup port, wherein the third forward port is connected to the second backward port, and the third backup port is connected to the first head backup port. 2. The network system of claim 1, further comprising:
a second head node, comprising a second head forward port, a second head backward port and a second head backup port, wherein the second head forward port is connected to the control node, the second head backward port is not connected to any node, and the second head backup port is connected to the first backup port. 3. The network system of claim 1, further comprising:
a fourth ordinary node, comprising a fourth forward port, a fourth backward port and a fourth backup port, wherein the fourth forward port is connected to the third backward port; and a fifth ordinary node, comprising a fifth forward port, a fifth backward port and a fifth backup port, wherein the fifth forward port is connected to the fourth backward port, and the fifth backup port is connected to the second backup port. 4. The network system of claim 1, further comprising:
a last node, comprising a last forward port, a last backward port and a last backup port, wherein the last backward port is not connected to any node. 5. The network system of claim 4, wherein the last backup port is connected to a backup port of an ordinary node that is separated by one or two nodes from the last node. 6. A network system, comprising:
a control node; a first head node, comprising a first head forward port, a first head backward port and a first head backup port, wherein the first head forward port is connected to the control node; a last node, comprising a last forward port, a last backward port and a last backup port, wherein the last backward port is not connected to any node; a plurality of ordinary nodes which are connected in series between the first head node and the last node, wherein each of the ordinary nodes comprises a forward port, a backward port and a backup port; wherein the forward port of a first one of the ordinary nodes is connected to the first head backward port; wherein the forward port of each one of ordinary nodes subsequent to the first one of the ordinary nodes is connected to the backward port of a previous one of the ordinary nodes; wherein the backward port of a last one of the ordinary nodes is connected to the last forward port; wherein the backup port of at least one of the ordinary nodes is connected to the backup port of the ordinary node that is subsequent and separated by one or two nodes; wherein the first head backup port is connected to the backup port of the one of the ordinary nodes that is subsequent to the first head node and separated by one or two nodes from the first head node. 7. The network system of claim 6, further comprising:
a second head node, comprising a second head forward port, a second head backward port and a second head backup port, wherein the second head forward port is connected to the control node, the second head backward port is not connected to any node, and the second head backup port is connected to the backup port of the first one of the ordinary nodes. 8. The network system of claim 6, wherein the last backup port is connected to the backup port of the ordinary node that is separated by one or two nodes from the last node. 9. The network system of claim 6, wherein the backup port of the ordinary node that is not the first one of the ordinary nodes and is with an odd number is connected to the backup port of the ordinary node that is previous and is separated by two nodes, or connected to the first head backward port. 10. The network system of claim 6, wherein the backup port of the ordinary node with a non-maximum even number is connected to the backup port of the ordinary node that is subsequent and is separated by two nodes, or connected to the last backup port. 11. The network system of claim 6, wherein the backup port of the ordinary node with a maximum even number is not connected to any node if the ordinary node with the maximum even number is not separated by any node from the last node, wherein the backup port of the ordinary node with the maximum even number is connected to the last backup port if the ordinary node with the maximum even number is separated by one node from the last node. | 2,400 |
349,409 | 16,806,984 | 2,413 | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. When operating in a high-pathloss mode, wireless devices in a network may transmit or receive downlink control information (DCI) that schedules a transmission time interval (TTI) for a physical shared channel (such as a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) or a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH)). A wireless device may determine one or more intervals that correspond to a periodic signal that collides with portions of the TTI. Based on the identified intervals, the wireless device may communicate over the physical shared channel during the TTI. In such cases, the TTI may overlap in time with the one or more intervals to allow communication of the periodic signal during the portions of the TTI. For instance, a periodic signal may be transmitted or received during each of the one or more intervals. | 1. A method for wireless communications at a device in a wireless network, comprising:
receiving a physical downlink control channel comprising downlink control information that schedules a transmission time interval for a physical shared channel; determining one or more intervals that correspond to a periodic signal that collides with portions of the transmission time interval; and communicating over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval, the transmission time interval overlapping in time with the one or more intervals to allow communication of the periodic signal during the portions of the transmission time interval. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving the periodic signal during each of the one or more intervals that overlap in time with the transmission time interval. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting the periodic signal during each of the one or more intervals that overlap in time with the transmission time interval. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a configuration of the periodic signal, wherein the one or more intervals are identified based at least in part on the configuration. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
receiving, within the downlink control information, a modulation and coding scheme table that indicates the configuration. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
receiving radio resource control signaling that indicates the configuration. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
operating in a high-pathloss mode, wherein the transmission time interval is overlapped in time with the one or more intervals based at least in part on operation in the high-pathloss mode. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a bit value within the downlink control information, wherein the transmission time interval is overlapped in time with the one or more intervals based at least in part on the determined bit value. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein communicating over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval comprises:
transmitting a physical uplink shared channel to another wireless device. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein communicating over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval comprises:
transmitting a physical sidelink shared channel to another wireless device. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein communicating over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval comprises:
transmitting a physical downlink shared channel to another wireless device. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein communicating over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval comprises:
receiving a physical downlink shared channel from another wireless device. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein communicating over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval comprises:
receiving a physical sidelink shared channel from another wireless device. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein communicating over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval comprises:
receiving a physical uplink shared channel from another wireless device. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the device in the wireless network comprises a node in an integrated access and backhaul network. 16. A method for wireless communications at a device in a wireless network, comprising:
transmitting a physical downlink control channel comprising downlink control information that schedules a transmission time interval for a physical shared channel; determining one or more intervals that correspond to a periodic signal that collides with portions of the transmission time interval; and communicating over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval, the transmission time interval overlapping in time with the one or more intervals to allow communication of the periodic signal during the portions of the transmission time interval. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
transmitting, to one or more other wireless devices, the periodic signal during each of the one or more intervals that overlap in time with the transmission time interval. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
receiving, from another wireless device, the periodic signal during each of the one or more intervals that overlap in time with the transmission time interval. 19. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
determining a configuration of the periodic signal, wherein the one or more intervals are identified based at least in part on the configuration of the periodic signal. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
generating a modulation and coding scheme table that indicates the configuration of the periodic signal; and transmitting the modulation and coding scheme table within the downlink control information. 21. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
operating in a high-pathloss mode, wherein the transmission time interval is overlapped in time with the one or more intervals based at least in part on operation in the high-pathloss mode. 22. The method of claim 16, wherein communicating over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval comprises:
receiving a physical uplink shared channel from another wireless device. 23. The method of claim 16, wherein communicating over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval comprises:
receiving a physical sidelink shared channel from another wireless device. 24. The method of claim 16, wherein communicating over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval comprises:
receiving a physical downlink shared channel from another wireless device. 25. The method of claim 16, wherein communicating over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval comprises:
transmitting a physical downlink shared channel to another wireless device. 26. The method of claim 16, wherein communicating over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval comprises:
transmitting a physical sidelink shared channel to another wireless device. 27. The method of claim 16, wherein communicating over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval comprises:
transmitting a physical uplink shared channel to another wireless device. 28. The method of claim 16, wherein the device in the wireless network comprises a node in an integrated access and backhaul network. 29. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a processor; and memory coupled to the processor, the processor and memory configured to:
receive a physical downlink control channel comprising downlink control information that schedules a transmission time interval for a physical shared channel;
determine one or more intervals that correspond to a periodic signal that collides with portions of the transmission time interval; and
communicate over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval, the transmission time interval overlapping in time with the one or more intervals to allow communication of the periodic signal during the portions of the transmission time interval. 30. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a processor; and memory coupled to the processor, the processor and memory configured to:
transmit a physical downlink control channel comprising downlink control information that schedules a transmission time interval for a physical shared channel;
determine one or more intervals that correspond to a periodic signal that collides with portions of the transmission time interval; and
communicate over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval, the transmission time interval overlapping in time with the one or more intervals to allow communication of the periodic signal during the portions of the transmission time interval. | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. When operating in a high-pathloss mode, wireless devices in a network may transmit or receive downlink control information (DCI) that schedules a transmission time interval (TTI) for a physical shared channel (such as a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) or a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH)). A wireless device may determine one or more intervals that correspond to a periodic signal that collides with portions of the TTI. Based on the identified intervals, the wireless device may communicate over the physical shared channel during the TTI. In such cases, the TTI may overlap in time with the one or more intervals to allow communication of the periodic signal during the portions of the TTI. For instance, a periodic signal may be transmitted or received during each of the one or more intervals.1. A method for wireless communications at a device in a wireless network, comprising:
receiving a physical downlink control channel comprising downlink control information that schedules a transmission time interval for a physical shared channel; determining one or more intervals that correspond to a periodic signal that collides with portions of the transmission time interval; and communicating over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval, the transmission time interval overlapping in time with the one or more intervals to allow communication of the periodic signal during the portions of the transmission time interval. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving the periodic signal during each of the one or more intervals that overlap in time with the transmission time interval. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting the periodic signal during each of the one or more intervals that overlap in time with the transmission time interval. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a configuration of the periodic signal, wherein the one or more intervals are identified based at least in part on the configuration. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
receiving, within the downlink control information, a modulation and coding scheme table that indicates the configuration. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
receiving radio resource control signaling that indicates the configuration. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
operating in a high-pathloss mode, wherein the transmission time interval is overlapped in time with the one or more intervals based at least in part on operation in the high-pathloss mode. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a bit value within the downlink control information, wherein the transmission time interval is overlapped in time with the one or more intervals based at least in part on the determined bit value. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein communicating over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval comprises:
transmitting a physical uplink shared channel to another wireless device. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein communicating over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval comprises:
transmitting a physical sidelink shared channel to another wireless device. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein communicating over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval comprises:
transmitting a physical downlink shared channel to another wireless device. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein communicating over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval comprises:
receiving a physical downlink shared channel from another wireless device. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein communicating over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval comprises:
receiving a physical sidelink shared channel from another wireless device. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein communicating over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval comprises:
receiving a physical uplink shared channel from another wireless device. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the device in the wireless network comprises a node in an integrated access and backhaul network. 16. A method for wireless communications at a device in a wireless network, comprising:
transmitting a physical downlink control channel comprising downlink control information that schedules a transmission time interval for a physical shared channel; determining one or more intervals that correspond to a periodic signal that collides with portions of the transmission time interval; and communicating over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval, the transmission time interval overlapping in time with the one or more intervals to allow communication of the periodic signal during the portions of the transmission time interval. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
transmitting, to one or more other wireless devices, the periodic signal during each of the one or more intervals that overlap in time with the transmission time interval. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
receiving, from another wireless device, the periodic signal during each of the one or more intervals that overlap in time with the transmission time interval. 19. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
determining a configuration of the periodic signal, wherein the one or more intervals are identified based at least in part on the configuration of the periodic signal. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
generating a modulation and coding scheme table that indicates the configuration of the periodic signal; and transmitting the modulation and coding scheme table within the downlink control information. 21. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
operating in a high-pathloss mode, wherein the transmission time interval is overlapped in time with the one or more intervals based at least in part on operation in the high-pathloss mode. 22. The method of claim 16, wherein communicating over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval comprises:
receiving a physical uplink shared channel from another wireless device. 23. The method of claim 16, wherein communicating over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval comprises:
receiving a physical sidelink shared channel from another wireless device. 24. The method of claim 16, wherein communicating over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval comprises:
receiving a physical downlink shared channel from another wireless device. 25. The method of claim 16, wherein communicating over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval comprises:
transmitting a physical downlink shared channel to another wireless device. 26. The method of claim 16, wherein communicating over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval comprises:
transmitting a physical sidelink shared channel to another wireless device. 27. The method of claim 16, wherein communicating over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval comprises:
transmitting a physical uplink shared channel to another wireless device. 28. The method of claim 16, wherein the device in the wireless network comprises a node in an integrated access and backhaul network. 29. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a processor; and memory coupled to the processor, the processor and memory configured to:
receive a physical downlink control channel comprising downlink control information that schedules a transmission time interval for a physical shared channel;
determine one or more intervals that correspond to a periodic signal that collides with portions of the transmission time interval; and
communicate over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval, the transmission time interval overlapping in time with the one or more intervals to allow communication of the periodic signal during the portions of the transmission time interval. 30. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a processor; and memory coupled to the processor, the processor and memory configured to:
transmit a physical downlink control channel comprising downlink control information that schedules a transmission time interval for a physical shared channel;
determine one or more intervals that correspond to a periodic signal that collides with portions of the transmission time interval; and
communicate over the physical shared channel during the transmission time interval, the transmission time interval overlapping in time with the one or more intervals to allow communication of the periodic signal during the portions of the transmission time interval. | 2,400 |
349,410 | 16,806,917 | 2,413 | This specification describes techniques for blockchain-based consensus. One example method includes storing, by a database of a blockchain node, consensus data needed for performing a consensus procedure, wherein the consensus data is retrievable by a first server and a second server during the consensus procedure, wherein the blockchain node is included in a blockchain and comprises the first server, the second server, and the database; in response to a determination that the first server is faulty, retrieving, by the second server in place of the first server, the consensus data from the database and executing the consensus procedure based on the consensus data to generate a consensus result; and storing, by the second server, the consensus result in the database. | 1.-20. (canceled) 21. A computer-implemented method for blockchain-based consensus, the computer-implemented method comprising:
storing, by a database of a blockchain node, consensus data needed for performing a consensus procedure, wherein the consensus data is retrievable by a first server and a second server during the consensus procedure, wherein the blockchain node is included in a blockchain and comprises the first server, the second server, and the database; in response to a determination that the first server is faulty, retrieving, by the second server in place of the first server, the consensus data corresponding to a service request identifier from the database and executing the consensus procedure based on the consensus data to generate a consensus result; and storing, by the second server, the consensus result in the database. 22. The computer-implemented method according to claim 21, wherein the blockchain node comprises a gateway, and wherein the method comprises:
determining, by the gateway, that the first server is faulty. 23. The computer-implemented method according to claim 22, comprising:
determining, by the gateway, an operation status of the first server and an operation status of the second server by: receiving, by the gateway, operation status messages that are sent by the first server and the second server to the gateway based on a predetermined period; and determining, by the gateway, the operation status of the first server and the operation status of the second server based on the operation status messages. 24. The computer-implemented method according to claim 22, wherein the method comprises:
forwarding, by the gateway to the second server, a consensus message that is sent by an external device participating in the consensus procedure, in response to determining that the first server is faulty; and retrieving, by the second server in place of the first server, consensus data corresponding to the consensus message from the database, wherein the consensus message comprises the service request identifier. 25. The computer-implemented method according to claim 24, wherein the external device reattempts to send the consensus message upon receiving no response after a specified time. 26. The computer-implemented method according to claim 21, wherein the service request identifier uniquely identifies the consensus procedure, and wherein the consensus data is searchable in the database by using the service request identifier. 27. The computer-implemented method according to claim 21, wherein retrieving the consensus data from the database comprises:
searching, by the second server, the database for consensus data corresponding to the service request identifier; and retrieving the consensus data corresponding to the service request identifier. 28. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
storing, by a database of a blockchain node, consensus data needed for performing a consensus procedure, wherein the consensus data is retrievable by a first server and a second server during the consensus procedure, wherein the blockchain node is included in a blockchain and comprises the first server, the second server, and the database; in response to a determination that the first server is faulty, retrieving, by the second server in place of the first server, the consensus data corresponding to a service request identifier from the database and executing the consensus procedure based on the consensus data to generate a consensus result; and storing, by the second server, the consensus result in the database. 29. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 28, wherein the blockchain node comprises a gateway, and wherein the operations comprise:
determining, by the gateway, that the first server is faulty. 30. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 29, wherein the operations comprise:
determining, by the gateway, an operation status of the first server and an operation status of the second server by: receiving, by the gateway, operation status messages that are sent by the first server and the second server to the gateway based on a predetermined period; and determining, by the gateway, the operation status of the first server and the operation status of the second server based on the operation status messages. 31. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 29, wherein the operations comprise:
forwarding, by the gateway to the second server, a consensus message that is sent by an external device participating in the consensus procedure, in response to determining that the first server is faulty; and retrieving, by the second server in place of the first server, consensus data corresponding to the consensus message from the database, wherein the consensus message comprises the service request identifier. 32. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 31, wherein the external device reattempts to send the consensus message upon receiving no response after a specified time. 33. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 28, wherein the service request identifier uniquely identifies the consensus procedure, and wherein the consensus data is searchable in the database by using the service request identifier. 34. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 28, wherein retrieving the consensus data from the database comprises:
searching, by the second server, the database for consensus data corresponding to the service request identifier; and retrieving the consensus data corresponding to the service request identifier. 35. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising: storing, by a database of a blockchain node, consensus data needed for performing a consensus procedure, wherein the consensus data is retrievable by a first server and a second server during the consensus procedure, wherein the blockchain node is included in a blockchain and comprises the first server, the second server, and the database; in response to a determination that the first server is faulty, retrieving, by the second server in place of the first server, the consensus data corresponding to a service request identifier from the database and executing the consensus procedure based on the consensus data to generate a consensus result; and storing, by the second server, the consensus result in the database. 36. The computer-implemented system according to claim 35, wherein the blockchain node comprises a gateway, and wherein the operations comprise:
determining, by the gateway, that the first server is faulty. 37. The computer-implemented system according to claim 36, wherein the operations comprise:
determining, by the gateway, an operation status of the first server and an operation status of the second server by: receiving, by the gateway, operation status messages that are sent by the first server and the second server to the gateway based on a predetermined period; and determining, by the gateway, the operation status of the first server and the operation status of the second server based on the operation status messages. 38. The computer-implemented system according to claim 36, wherein the operations comprise:
forwarding, by the gateway to the second server, a consensus message that is sent by an external device participating in the consensus procedure, in response to determining that the first server is faulty; and retrieving, by the second server in place of the first server, consensus data corresponding to the consensus message from the database, wherein the consensus message comprises the service request identifier. 39. The computer-implemented system according to claim 38, wherein the external device reattempts to send the consensus message upon receiving no response after a specified time. 40. The computer-implemented system according to claim 35, wherein the service request identifier uniquely identifies the consensus procedure, and wherein the consensus data is searchable in the database by using the service request identifier. | This specification describes techniques for blockchain-based consensus. One example method includes storing, by a database of a blockchain node, consensus data needed for performing a consensus procedure, wherein the consensus data is retrievable by a first server and a second server during the consensus procedure, wherein the blockchain node is included in a blockchain and comprises the first server, the second server, and the database; in response to a determination that the first server is faulty, retrieving, by the second server in place of the first server, the consensus data from the database and executing the consensus procedure based on the consensus data to generate a consensus result; and storing, by the second server, the consensus result in the database.1.-20. (canceled) 21. A computer-implemented method for blockchain-based consensus, the computer-implemented method comprising:
storing, by a database of a blockchain node, consensus data needed for performing a consensus procedure, wherein the consensus data is retrievable by a first server and a second server during the consensus procedure, wherein the blockchain node is included in a blockchain and comprises the first server, the second server, and the database; in response to a determination that the first server is faulty, retrieving, by the second server in place of the first server, the consensus data corresponding to a service request identifier from the database and executing the consensus procedure based on the consensus data to generate a consensus result; and storing, by the second server, the consensus result in the database. 22. The computer-implemented method according to claim 21, wherein the blockchain node comprises a gateway, and wherein the method comprises:
determining, by the gateway, that the first server is faulty. 23. The computer-implemented method according to claim 22, comprising:
determining, by the gateway, an operation status of the first server and an operation status of the second server by: receiving, by the gateway, operation status messages that are sent by the first server and the second server to the gateway based on a predetermined period; and determining, by the gateway, the operation status of the first server and the operation status of the second server based on the operation status messages. 24. The computer-implemented method according to claim 22, wherein the method comprises:
forwarding, by the gateway to the second server, a consensus message that is sent by an external device participating in the consensus procedure, in response to determining that the first server is faulty; and retrieving, by the second server in place of the first server, consensus data corresponding to the consensus message from the database, wherein the consensus message comprises the service request identifier. 25. The computer-implemented method according to claim 24, wherein the external device reattempts to send the consensus message upon receiving no response after a specified time. 26. The computer-implemented method according to claim 21, wherein the service request identifier uniquely identifies the consensus procedure, and wherein the consensus data is searchable in the database by using the service request identifier. 27. The computer-implemented method according to claim 21, wherein retrieving the consensus data from the database comprises:
searching, by the second server, the database for consensus data corresponding to the service request identifier; and retrieving the consensus data corresponding to the service request identifier. 28. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
storing, by a database of a blockchain node, consensus data needed for performing a consensus procedure, wherein the consensus data is retrievable by a first server and a second server during the consensus procedure, wherein the blockchain node is included in a blockchain and comprises the first server, the second server, and the database; in response to a determination that the first server is faulty, retrieving, by the second server in place of the first server, the consensus data corresponding to a service request identifier from the database and executing the consensus procedure based on the consensus data to generate a consensus result; and storing, by the second server, the consensus result in the database. 29. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 28, wherein the blockchain node comprises a gateway, and wherein the operations comprise:
determining, by the gateway, that the first server is faulty. 30. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 29, wherein the operations comprise:
determining, by the gateway, an operation status of the first server and an operation status of the second server by: receiving, by the gateway, operation status messages that are sent by the first server and the second server to the gateway based on a predetermined period; and determining, by the gateway, the operation status of the first server and the operation status of the second server based on the operation status messages. 31. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 29, wherein the operations comprise:
forwarding, by the gateway to the second server, a consensus message that is sent by an external device participating in the consensus procedure, in response to determining that the first server is faulty; and retrieving, by the second server in place of the first server, consensus data corresponding to the consensus message from the database, wherein the consensus message comprises the service request identifier. 32. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 31, wherein the external device reattempts to send the consensus message upon receiving no response after a specified time. 33. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 28, wherein the service request identifier uniquely identifies the consensus procedure, and wherein the consensus data is searchable in the database by using the service request identifier. 34. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 28, wherein retrieving the consensus data from the database comprises:
searching, by the second server, the database for consensus data corresponding to the service request identifier; and retrieving the consensus data corresponding to the service request identifier. 35. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising: storing, by a database of a blockchain node, consensus data needed for performing a consensus procedure, wherein the consensus data is retrievable by a first server and a second server during the consensus procedure, wherein the blockchain node is included in a blockchain and comprises the first server, the second server, and the database; in response to a determination that the first server is faulty, retrieving, by the second server in place of the first server, the consensus data corresponding to a service request identifier from the database and executing the consensus procedure based on the consensus data to generate a consensus result; and storing, by the second server, the consensus result in the database. 36. The computer-implemented system according to claim 35, wherein the blockchain node comprises a gateway, and wherein the operations comprise:
determining, by the gateway, that the first server is faulty. 37. The computer-implemented system according to claim 36, wherein the operations comprise:
determining, by the gateway, an operation status of the first server and an operation status of the second server by: receiving, by the gateway, operation status messages that are sent by the first server and the second server to the gateway based on a predetermined period; and determining, by the gateway, the operation status of the first server and the operation status of the second server based on the operation status messages. 38. The computer-implemented system according to claim 36, wherein the operations comprise:
forwarding, by the gateway to the second server, a consensus message that is sent by an external device participating in the consensus procedure, in response to determining that the first server is faulty; and retrieving, by the second server in place of the first server, consensus data corresponding to the consensus message from the database, wherein the consensus message comprises the service request identifier. 39. The computer-implemented system according to claim 38, wherein the external device reattempts to send the consensus message upon receiving no response after a specified time. 40. The computer-implemented system according to claim 35, wherein the service request identifier uniquely identifies the consensus procedure, and wherein the consensus data is searchable in the database by using the service request identifier. | 2,400 |
349,411 | 16,806,977 | 2,413 | The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods for implementing rich data types in a spreadsheet application. Generally, a value being of a rich data type is as a type of value that has context and established relationships with other types of data. In particular, a rich data type is a data value having associated context, which may be units (e.g., inches, miles, meters, kilograms, seconds, joules, hertz, Fahrenheit, etc.) or other information about the data's type (e.g., city, stock, NCAA football team, car, restaurant, school, etc.). Additionally, a value being of a rich data type further includes established relationships with other types of data. | 1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
receiving a data value in a first cell of a spreadsheet; in response to receiving the data value, creating an object comprising a plurality of type fields and a plurality of value fields, wherein a type field of the plurality of type fields comprises a data type of the data value and a value field of the plurality of value fields comprises the data value; associating the object with the first cell; receiving, into a second cell of the spreadsheet, a partial entry of a formula that references the object in the first cell; displaying a reference menu comprising a reference to each value stored in the plurality of value fields; receiving, by the reference menu, a selection of a first reference to the data value; completing the formula by referencing the data value within the object; and performing a spreadsheet operation based on the formula. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the data value is a volatile data value that changes over time. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the volatile data value is received as one of:
a header associated with the cell; a data unit associated with at least one related cell; or a default data unit associated with the cell. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the object further comprises an identified data unit in a unit field of a plurality of unit fields, the method further comprising:
associating a reference table with the spreadsheet, the reference table comprising:
a plurality of data units including the identified data unit; and
a plurality of conversion factors for converting a first data unit of the plurality of data units into a second data unit of the plurality of data units. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, further comprising associating the reference table with the object based on one of:
a pointer; a reference; or a link. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, further comprising:
identifying a second data value associated with a second data unit in a related cell of the spreadsheet; determining that the second data unit is inconsistent with the identified data unit; identifying a conversion factor within the reference table for converting the identified data unit into the second data unit; converting the second data value into a third data value by applying the conversion factor to the second data value; replacing the second data value with the third data value in the value field of the object; and replacing the identified data unit with the second data unit in the unit field of the object. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, further comprising:
replacing the second data value with the selected data value in the related cell of the spreadsheet. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, further comprising:
based on the data type of the data value, identifying a relationship with a remote data source storing data for automatically updating the volatile data value with a current data value at each occurrence of a change. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, further comprising:
adding the current data value retrieved from the remote data source to the value field of the object. 10. A system comprising:
a processing unit; and memory storing computer executable instructions that, when executed by the processing unit, cause the system to perform a method, the method comprising:
receiving a data value in a first cell of a spreadsheet;
in response to receiving the data value, creating an object comprising a plurality of type fields and a plurality of value fields, wherein a type field of the plurality of type fields comprises a data type of the data value and a value field of the plurality of value fields comprises the data value;
associating the object with the first cell;
receiving, into a second cell of the spreadsheet, a partial entry of a formula that references the object in the first cell;
displaying a reference menu comprising a reference to each value stored in the plurality of value fields;
receiving, by the reference menu, a selection of a first reference to the data value; and
completing the formula by referencing the data value within the object;
receiving a data value in the first cell of the spreadsheet. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the second cell is within at least one of a same column or a same row as the first cell. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein the data value is a volatile data value that changes over time. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, further comprising:
based on the data type of the data value, identifying a relationship with a remote data source storing data for automatically updating the volatile data value with a current data value at each occurrence of a change; and adding the current data value retrieved from the remote data source to the value field of the object. 14. The system of claim 10, further comprising:
providing a suggestion for converting the data value into another data value associated with another data type of the plurality of type fields; and replacing the data value with the another data value in the value field of the object. 15. A system comprising:
a processing unit; and memory storing computer executable instructions that, when executed by the processing unit, cause the system to perform a method, the method comprising:
receiving a first data value in a first cell of a spreadsheet;
in response to receiving the first data value, creating a first object comprising a plurality of type fields and a plurality of value fields, wherein a first type field of the plurality of type fields comprises a first data type of the first data value and a first value field of the plurality of value fields comprises the first data value:
receiving a second data value in a second cell of the spreadsheet;
in response to receiving the second data value, creating a second object comprising the plurality of type fields and the plurality of value fields, wherein a second type field of the plurality of type fields comprises a second data type of the second data value and a second value field of the plurality of value fields comprises the second data value:
associating the first object with the first cell of the spreadsheet and the second object with the second cell;
receiving, into a third cell, a partial entry of a formula that references the second object in the second cell;
displaying a reference menu comprising a reference to each value stored in the plurality of value fields;
receiving, by the reference menu, a selection of a second reference to the second data value; and
completing the formula by referencing the second data value within the second object. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the first data value is a volatile data value that changes over time. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the second cell is within one of a same column or a same row as the first cell. 18. The system of claim 16, further comprising identifying a reference table associated with the spreadsheet, the reference table comprising:
a plurality of data units including a first data unit and a second data unit; and a plurality of conversion factors including a conversion factor for converting between the first data and the second data unit. 19. The system of claim 18, further comprising:
identifying the conversion factor to convert between the first data unit and the second data unit; converting the first data value associated with the first data unit into a third data value associated with the second data unit; and associating the third data value and the second data unit with the first object. 20. The system of claim 19, further comprising:
receiving a selection to convert the first data value into the third data value associated with the second data unit. | The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods for implementing rich data types in a spreadsheet application. Generally, a value being of a rich data type is as a type of value that has context and established relationships with other types of data. In particular, a rich data type is a data value having associated context, which may be units (e.g., inches, miles, meters, kilograms, seconds, joules, hertz, Fahrenheit, etc.) or other information about the data's type (e.g., city, stock, NCAA football team, car, restaurant, school, etc.). Additionally, a value being of a rich data type further includes established relationships with other types of data.1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
receiving a data value in a first cell of a spreadsheet; in response to receiving the data value, creating an object comprising a plurality of type fields and a plurality of value fields, wherein a type field of the plurality of type fields comprises a data type of the data value and a value field of the plurality of value fields comprises the data value; associating the object with the first cell; receiving, into a second cell of the spreadsheet, a partial entry of a formula that references the object in the first cell; displaying a reference menu comprising a reference to each value stored in the plurality of value fields; receiving, by the reference menu, a selection of a first reference to the data value; completing the formula by referencing the data value within the object; and performing a spreadsheet operation based on the formula. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the data value is a volatile data value that changes over time. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the volatile data value is received as one of:
a header associated with the cell; a data unit associated with at least one related cell; or a default data unit associated with the cell. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the object further comprises an identified data unit in a unit field of a plurality of unit fields, the method further comprising:
associating a reference table with the spreadsheet, the reference table comprising:
a plurality of data units including the identified data unit; and
a plurality of conversion factors for converting a first data unit of the plurality of data units into a second data unit of the plurality of data units. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, further comprising associating the reference table with the object based on one of:
a pointer; a reference; or a link. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, further comprising:
identifying a second data value associated with a second data unit in a related cell of the spreadsheet; determining that the second data unit is inconsistent with the identified data unit; identifying a conversion factor within the reference table for converting the identified data unit into the second data unit; converting the second data value into a third data value by applying the conversion factor to the second data value; replacing the second data value with the third data value in the value field of the object; and replacing the identified data unit with the second data unit in the unit field of the object. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, further comprising:
replacing the second data value with the selected data value in the related cell of the spreadsheet. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, further comprising:
based on the data type of the data value, identifying a relationship with a remote data source storing data for automatically updating the volatile data value with a current data value at each occurrence of a change. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, further comprising:
adding the current data value retrieved from the remote data source to the value field of the object. 10. A system comprising:
a processing unit; and memory storing computer executable instructions that, when executed by the processing unit, cause the system to perform a method, the method comprising:
receiving a data value in a first cell of a spreadsheet;
in response to receiving the data value, creating an object comprising a plurality of type fields and a plurality of value fields, wherein a type field of the plurality of type fields comprises a data type of the data value and a value field of the plurality of value fields comprises the data value;
associating the object with the first cell;
receiving, into a second cell of the spreadsheet, a partial entry of a formula that references the object in the first cell;
displaying a reference menu comprising a reference to each value stored in the plurality of value fields;
receiving, by the reference menu, a selection of a first reference to the data value; and
completing the formula by referencing the data value within the object;
receiving a data value in the first cell of the spreadsheet. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the second cell is within at least one of a same column or a same row as the first cell. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein the data value is a volatile data value that changes over time. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, further comprising:
based on the data type of the data value, identifying a relationship with a remote data source storing data for automatically updating the volatile data value with a current data value at each occurrence of a change; and adding the current data value retrieved from the remote data source to the value field of the object. 14. The system of claim 10, further comprising:
providing a suggestion for converting the data value into another data value associated with another data type of the plurality of type fields; and replacing the data value with the another data value in the value field of the object. 15. A system comprising:
a processing unit; and memory storing computer executable instructions that, when executed by the processing unit, cause the system to perform a method, the method comprising:
receiving a first data value in a first cell of a spreadsheet;
in response to receiving the first data value, creating a first object comprising a plurality of type fields and a plurality of value fields, wherein a first type field of the plurality of type fields comprises a first data type of the first data value and a first value field of the plurality of value fields comprises the first data value:
receiving a second data value in a second cell of the spreadsheet;
in response to receiving the second data value, creating a second object comprising the plurality of type fields and the plurality of value fields, wherein a second type field of the plurality of type fields comprises a second data type of the second data value and a second value field of the plurality of value fields comprises the second data value:
associating the first object with the first cell of the spreadsheet and the second object with the second cell;
receiving, into a third cell, a partial entry of a formula that references the second object in the second cell;
displaying a reference menu comprising a reference to each value stored in the plurality of value fields;
receiving, by the reference menu, a selection of a second reference to the second data value; and
completing the formula by referencing the second data value within the second object. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the first data value is a volatile data value that changes over time. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the second cell is within one of a same column or a same row as the first cell. 18. The system of claim 16, further comprising identifying a reference table associated with the spreadsheet, the reference table comprising:
a plurality of data units including a first data unit and a second data unit; and a plurality of conversion factors including a conversion factor for converting between the first data and the second data unit. 19. The system of claim 18, further comprising:
identifying the conversion factor to convert between the first data unit and the second data unit; converting the first data value associated with the first data unit into a third data value associated with the second data unit; and associating the third data value and the second data unit with the first object. 20. The system of claim 19, further comprising:
receiving a selection to convert the first data value into the third data value associated with the second data unit. | 2,400 |
349,412 | 16,807,018 | 2,413 | A display device includes a display unit including a first pixel having a first color sub-pixel and a second color sub-pixel and a second pixel having a third color sub-pixel and another second color sub-pixel, an input gamma unit that converts first through third color grayscale data into first through third color luminance data, a buffer unit that stores the first through third color luminance data of a last pixel-column, a vertical rendering unit that increases the first and third color luminance data of the last pixel-column by using the first through third color luminance data of the last pixel-column as first and third color luminance data of an absent pixel-column adjacent to the last pixel-column, and an output gamma unit that converts the first through third color luminance data into the first and second color grayscale data or the third and second color grayscale data. | 1. A display device comprising:
a display unit including a first pixel having a first color sub-pixel and a second color sub-pixel and a second pixel having a third color sub-pixel and another second color sub-pixel; an input gamma unit configured to convert first color grayscale data, second color grayscale data, and third color grayscale data into first color luminance data, second color luminance data, and third color luminance data; a buffer unit configured to store the first color luminance data, the second color luminance data, and the third color luminance data of a last pixel column of the display unit; a vertical rendering unit configured to increase the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel column by using the first color luminance data, the second color luminance data, and the third color luminance data of the last pixel column stored in the buffer unit as first color luminance data and third color luminance data of an absent pixel column adjacent to the last pixel column; and an output gamma unit configured to convert the first color luminance data, the second color luminance data, and the third color luminance data into the first color grayscale data and the second color grayscale data or the third color grayscale data and the second color grayscale data. 2. The display device of claim 1, further comprising:
a normal rendering unit configured to distribute the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data by applying a one-dimensional sub-pixel rendering filter to the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the first and second pixels. 3. The display device of claim 1, wherein the vertical rendering unit distributes the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel column and the absent pixel column by applying a two-dimensional sub-pixel rendering filter to the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel column and the absent pixel column, adds up the distributed first color luminance data of the absent pixel column to the distributed first color luminance data of the last pixel column, and adds up the distributed third color luminance data of the absent pixel column to the distributed third color luminance data of the last pixel column. 4. The display device of claim 3, wherein a sum of filter coefficients of the two-dimensional sub-pixel rendering filter is greater than or equal to 1. 5. The display device of claim 1, further comprising:
a normal rendering unit configured to distribute the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data by applying a first two-dimensional sub-pixel rendering filter to the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the first and second pixels. 6. The display device of claim 5, wherein the buffer unit further stores first color luminance data, second color luminance data, and third color luminance data of a last pixel row of the display unit. 7. The display device of claim 5, wherein the vertical rendering unit distributes the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel column and the absent pixel column by applying a second two-dimensional sub-pixel rendering filter to the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel column and the absent pixel column, adds up the distributed first color luminance data of the absent pixel column to the distributed first color luminance data of the last pixel column, and adds up the distributed third color luminance data of the absent pixel column to the distributed third color luminance data of the last pixel column. 8. The display device of claim 7, wherein a sum of filter coefficients of the second two-dimensional sub-pixel rendering filter is greater than or equal to 1. 9. The display device of claim 6, further comprising:
a horizontal rendering unit configured to increase the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel row by using the first color luminance data, the second color luminance data, and the third color luminance data of the last pixel row stored in the buffer unit as first color luminance data and third color luminance data of an absent pixel row adjacent to the last pixel row. 10. The display device of claim 9, wherein the horizontal rendering unit distributes the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel row and the absent pixel row by applying a third two-dimensional sub-pixel rendering filter to the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel row and the absent pixel row, adds up the distributed first color luminance data of the absent pixel row to the distributed first color luminance data of the last pixel row, and adds up the distributed third color luminance data of the absent pixel row to the distributed third color luminance data of the last pixel row. 11. The display device of claim 10, wherein a sum of filter coefficients of the third two-dimensional sub-pixel rendering filter is greater than or equal to 1. 12. A method of driving a display device including a display unit that includes a first pixel having a first color sub-pixel and a second color sub-pixel and a second pixel having a third color sub-pixel and another second color sub-pixel, the method comprising:
converting first color grayscale data, second color grayscale data, and third color grayscale data into first color luminance data, second color luminance data, and third color luminance data; storing first color luminance data, second color luminance data, and third color luminance data of a last pixel column of the display unit in a buffer unit; increasing the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel column by using the first color luminance data, the second color luminance data, and the third color luminance data of the last pixel column stored in the buffer unit as first color luminance data and third color luminance data of an absent pixel column adjacent to the last pixel column; and converting the first color luminance data, the second color luminance data, and the third color luminance data into the first color grayscale data and the second color grayscale data or the third color grayscale data and the second color grayscale data. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
distributing the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data by applying a one-dimensional sub-pixel rendering filter to the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the first and second pixels. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
distributing the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel column and the absent pixel column by applying a two-dimensional sub-pixel rendering filter to the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel column and the absent pixel column; adding up the distributed first color luminance data of the absent pixel column to the distributed first color luminance data of the last pixel column; and adding up the distributed third color luminance data of the absent pixel column to the distributed third color luminance data of the last pixel column. 15. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
distributing the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data by applying a first two-dimensional sub-pixel rendering filter to the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the first and second pixels. 16. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
distributing the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel column and the absent pixel column by applying a second two-dimensional sub-pixel rendering filter to the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel column and the absent pixel column; adding up the distributed first color luminance data of the absent pixel column to the distributed first color luminance data of the last pixel column; and adding up the distributed third color luminance data of the absent pixel column to the distributed third color luminance data of the last pixel column. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
storing first color luminance data, second color luminance data, and third color luminance data of a last pixel row of the display unit in the buffer unit. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
increasing the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel row by using the first color luminance data, the second color luminance data, and the third color luminance data of the last pixel row stored in the buffer unit as first color luminance data and third color luminance data of an absent pixel row adjacent to the last pixel row. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
distributing the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel row and the absent pixel row by applying a third two-dimensional sub-pixel rendering filter to the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel row and the absent pixel row; adding up the distributed first color luminance data of the absent pixel row to the distributed first color luminance data of the last pixel row; and adding up the distributed third color luminance data of the absent pixel row to the distributed third color luminance data of the last pixel row. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein a sum of filter coefficients of each of the second and third two-dimensional sub-pixel rendering filters is greater than or equal to 1. | A display device includes a display unit including a first pixel having a first color sub-pixel and a second color sub-pixel and a second pixel having a third color sub-pixel and another second color sub-pixel, an input gamma unit that converts first through third color grayscale data into first through third color luminance data, a buffer unit that stores the first through third color luminance data of a last pixel-column, a vertical rendering unit that increases the first and third color luminance data of the last pixel-column by using the first through third color luminance data of the last pixel-column as first and third color luminance data of an absent pixel-column adjacent to the last pixel-column, and an output gamma unit that converts the first through third color luminance data into the first and second color grayscale data or the third and second color grayscale data.1. A display device comprising:
a display unit including a first pixel having a first color sub-pixel and a second color sub-pixel and a second pixel having a third color sub-pixel and another second color sub-pixel; an input gamma unit configured to convert first color grayscale data, second color grayscale data, and third color grayscale data into first color luminance data, second color luminance data, and third color luminance data; a buffer unit configured to store the first color luminance data, the second color luminance data, and the third color luminance data of a last pixel column of the display unit; a vertical rendering unit configured to increase the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel column by using the first color luminance data, the second color luminance data, and the third color luminance data of the last pixel column stored in the buffer unit as first color luminance data and third color luminance data of an absent pixel column adjacent to the last pixel column; and an output gamma unit configured to convert the first color luminance data, the second color luminance data, and the third color luminance data into the first color grayscale data and the second color grayscale data or the third color grayscale data and the second color grayscale data. 2. The display device of claim 1, further comprising:
a normal rendering unit configured to distribute the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data by applying a one-dimensional sub-pixel rendering filter to the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the first and second pixels. 3. The display device of claim 1, wherein the vertical rendering unit distributes the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel column and the absent pixel column by applying a two-dimensional sub-pixel rendering filter to the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel column and the absent pixel column, adds up the distributed first color luminance data of the absent pixel column to the distributed first color luminance data of the last pixel column, and adds up the distributed third color luminance data of the absent pixel column to the distributed third color luminance data of the last pixel column. 4. The display device of claim 3, wherein a sum of filter coefficients of the two-dimensional sub-pixel rendering filter is greater than or equal to 1. 5. The display device of claim 1, further comprising:
a normal rendering unit configured to distribute the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data by applying a first two-dimensional sub-pixel rendering filter to the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the first and second pixels. 6. The display device of claim 5, wherein the buffer unit further stores first color luminance data, second color luminance data, and third color luminance data of a last pixel row of the display unit. 7. The display device of claim 5, wherein the vertical rendering unit distributes the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel column and the absent pixel column by applying a second two-dimensional sub-pixel rendering filter to the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel column and the absent pixel column, adds up the distributed first color luminance data of the absent pixel column to the distributed first color luminance data of the last pixel column, and adds up the distributed third color luminance data of the absent pixel column to the distributed third color luminance data of the last pixel column. 8. The display device of claim 7, wherein a sum of filter coefficients of the second two-dimensional sub-pixel rendering filter is greater than or equal to 1. 9. The display device of claim 6, further comprising:
a horizontal rendering unit configured to increase the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel row by using the first color luminance data, the second color luminance data, and the third color luminance data of the last pixel row stored in the buffer unit as first color luminance data and third color luminance data of an absent pixel row adjacent to the last pixel row. 10. The display device of claim 9, wherein the horizontal rendering unit distributes the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel row and the absent pixel row by applying a third two-dimensional sub-pixel rendering filter to the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel row and the absent pixel row, adds up the distributed first color luminance data of the absent pixel row to the distributed first color luminance data of the last pixel row, and adds up the distributed third color luminance data of the absent pixel row to the distributed third color luminance data of the last pixel row. 11. The display device of claim 10, wherein a sum of filter coefficients of the third two-dimensional sub-pixel rendering filter is greater than or equal to 1. 12. A method of driving a display device including a display unit that includes a first pixel having a first color sub-pixel and a second color sub-pixel and a second pixel having a third color sub-pixel and another second color sub-pixel, the method comprising:
converting first color grayscale data, second color grayscale data, and third color grayscale data into first color luminance data, second color luminance data, and third color luminance data; storing first color luminance data, second color luminance data, and third color luminance data of a last pixel column of the display unit in a buffer unit; increasing the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel column by using the first color luminance data, the second color luminance data, and the third color luminance data of the last pixel column stored in the buffer unit as first color luminance data and third color luminance data of an absent pixel column adjacent to the last pixel column; and converting the first color luminance data, the second color luminance data, and the third color luminance data into the first color grayscale data and the second color grayscale data or the third color grayscale data and the second color grayscale data. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
distributing the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data by applying a one-dimensional sub-pixel rendering filter to the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the first and second pixels. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
distributing the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel column and the absent pixel column by applying a two-dimensional sub-pixel rendering filter to the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel column and the absent pixel column; adding up the distributed first color luminance data of the absent pixel column to the distributed first color luminance data of the last pixel column; and adding up the distributed third color luminance data of the absent pixel column to the distributed third color luminance data of the last pixel column. 15. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
distributing the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data by applying a first two-dimensional sub-pixel rendering filter to the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the first and second pixels. 16. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
distributing the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel column and the absent pixel column by applying a second two-dimensional sub-pixel rendering filter to the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel column and the absent pixel column; adding up the distributed first color luminance data of the absent pixel column to the distributed first color luminance data of the last pixel column; and adding up the distributed third color luminance data of the absent pixel column to the distributed third color luminance data of the last pixel column. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
storing first color luminance data, second color luminance data, and third color luminance data of a last pixel row of the display unit in the buffer unit. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
increasing the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel row by using the first color luminance data, the second color luminance data, and the third color luminance data of the last pixel row stored in the buffer unit as first color luminance data and third color luminance data of an absent pixel row adjacent to the last pixel row. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
distributing the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel row and the absent pixel row by applying a third two-dimensional sub-pixel rendering filter to the first color luminance data and the third color luminance data of the last pixel row and the absent pixel row; adding up the distributed first color luminance data of the absent pixel row to the distributed first color luminance data of the last pixel row; and adding up the distributed third color luminance data of the absent pixel row to the distributed third color luminance data of the last pixel row. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein a sum of filter coefficients of each of the second and third two-dimensional sub-pixel rendering filters is greater than or equal to 1. | 2,400 |
349,413 | 16,807,014 | 2,469 | Packets received non-contiguously from a network are processed by a network interface controller by coalescing received packet payload into receive buffers on a receive buffer queue and writing descriptors associated with the receive buffers for a same flow consecutively in a receive completion queue. System performance is optimized by reusing a small working set of provisioned receive buffers to minimize the memory footprint of memory allocated to store packet data. The remainder of the provisioned buffers are in an overflow queue and can be assigned to the network interface controller if the small working set of receive buffers is not sufficient to keep up with the received packet rate. The receive buffer queue can be refilled based on either timers or when the number of buffers in the receive buffer queue is below a configurable low watermark. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a network interface controller communicatively coupled to a memory, the memory to store a receive buffer queue comprising at least one receive buffer and a receive completion queue comprising at least one entry, the network interface controller to:
coalesce received packet payload into receive buffers on the receive buffer queue; and
write descriptors associated with the receive buffers for a same flow consecutively in the receive completion queue. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the same flow is one of a Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) flow or a QUIC transport protocol flow. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the network interface controller and the memory are in a data center server. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein received packet payload for a same flow is stored in non-contiguous buffers in the receive buffer queue. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
at least one processor core to:
upon receiving notification that packets are ready to be processed, to access consecutive descriptors in the receive completion queue to access data stored in the memory. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the network interface controller to:
store received packet payload into receive buffers on the receive buffer queue; and write a current buffer index to a fixed location in memory to provide an indication of use of receive buffers on the receive buffer queue. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the receive buffers are processed contiguously on a descriptor ring for a receive segment coalescing context. 8. A method comprising:
storing, in a memory, a receive buffer queue comprising at least one receive buffer and a receive completion queue comprising at least one entry; coalescing received packet payload into receive buffers in the receive buffer queue; and writing descriptors associated with the receive buffers for a same flow consecutively in the receive completion queue. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the same flow is one of a Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) flow or a QUIC transport protocol flow. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein received packet payload for a same flow is stored in non-contiguous buffers in the receive buffer queue. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
upon receiving notification that packets are ready to be processed, accessing consecutive descriptors in the receive completion queue to access data stored in the memory. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
storing, by a network interface controller, received packet payload into receive buffers on the receive buffer queue; and writing, by a network interface controller, a current buffer index to a fixed location in memory to provide an indication of use of receive buffers on the receive buffer queue. 13. A system comprising:
a memory module, the memory module comprising at least one volatile memory integrated circuit, the volatile memory integrated circuit to store a receive buffer queue comprising at least one receive buffer and a receive completion queue comprising at least one entry; and a network interface controller communicatively coupled to the memory module, the network interface controller to:
coalesce received packet payload into receive buffers on the receive buffer queue; and
write descriptors associated with the receive buffers for a same flow consecutively in the receive completion queue. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein received packet payload for a same flow is stored in non-contiguous buffers in the receive buffer queue. 15. The system of claim 13, further comprising:
at least one processor core to: upon receiving notification that packets are ready to be processed, to access consecutive descriptors in the receive completion queue to access data stored in the memory module. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor core to:
allocate a working set of receive buffers to the receive buffer queue to minimize an amount of memory provisioned for the receive buffer queue; refill the receive buffer queue, using receive buffers returned from the receive completion queue; and allocate a buffer to the receive buffer queue from an overflow queue if a buffer is not available in the working set of receive buffers. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the network interface controller to:
store received packet payload into receive buffers on the receive buffer queue; and write a current buffer index to a fixed location in memory to provide an indication of use of receive buffers on the receive buffer queue. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the receive buffers are processed contiguously on a descriptor ring for a receive segment coalescing context. 19. A machine-readable medium for storing machine-executable instructions that, cause a system to:
store, in a memory, a receive buffer queue comprising at least one receive buffer and a receive completion queue comprising at least one entry; coalesce received packet payload into receive buffers in the receive buffer queue; and write descriptors associated with the receive buffers for a same flow consecutively in the receive completion queue. 20. The machine-readable medium of claim 19, wherein received packet payload for a same flow is stored in non-contiguous buffers in the receive buffer queue. 21. The machine-readable medium of claim 19, further comprising:
upon receiving notification that packets are ready to be processed, access consecutive descriptors in the receive completion queue to access data stored in the memory. 22. The machine-readable medium of claim 19, further comprising:
store, by a network interface controller, received packet payload into receive buffers on the receive buffer queue; and
write, by a network interface controller, a current buffer index to a fixed location in memory to provide an indication of use of receive buffers on the receive buffer queue. | Packets received non-contiguously from a network are processed by a network interface controller by coalescing received packet payload into receive buffers on a receive buffer queue and writing descriptors associated with the receive buffers for a same flow consecutively in a receive completion queue. System performance is optimized by reusing a small working set of provisioned receive buffers to minimize the memory footprint of memory allocated to store packet data. The remainder of the provisioned buffers are in an overflow queue and can be assigned to the network interface controller if the small working set of receive buffers is not sufficient to keep up with the received packet rate. The receive buffer queue can be refilled based on either timers or when the number of buffers in the receive buffer queue is below a configurable low watermark.1. An apparatus comprising:
a network interface controller communicatively coupled to a memory, the memory to store a receive buffer queue comprising at least one receive buffer and a receive completion queue comprising at least one entry, the network interface controller to:
coalesce received packet payload into receive buffers on the receive buffer queue; and
write descriptors associated with the receive buffers for a same flow consecutively in the receive completion queue. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the same flow is one of a Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) flow or a QUIC transport protocol flow. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the network interface controller and the memory are in a data center server. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein received packet payload for a same flow is stored in non-contiguous buffers in the receive buffer queue. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
at least one processor core to:
upon receiving notification that packets are ready to be processed, to access consecutive descriptors in the receive completion queue to access data stored in the memory. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the network interface controller to:
store received packet payload into receive buffers on the receive buffer queue; and write a current buffer index to a fixed location in memory to provide an indication of use of receive buffers on the receive buffer queue. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the receive buffers are processed contiguously on a descriptor ring for a receive segment coalescing context. 8. A method comprising:
storing, in a memory, a receive buffer queue comprising at least one receive buffer and a receive completion queue comprising at least one entry; coalescing received packet payload into receive buffers in the receive buffer queue; and writing descriptors associated with the receive buffers for a same flow consecutively in the receive completion queue. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the same flow is one of a Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) flow or a QUIC transport protocol flow. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein received packet payload for a same flow is stored in non-contiguous buffers in the receive buffer queue. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
upon receiving notification that packets are ready to be processed, accessing consecutive descriptors in the receive completion queue to access data stored in the memory. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
storing, by a network interface controller, received packet payload into receive buffers on the receive buffer queue; and writing, by a network interface controller, a current buffer index to a fixed location in memory to provide an indication of use of receive buffers on the receive buffer queue. 13. A system comprising:
a memory module, the memory module comprising at least one volatile memory integrated circuit, the volatile memory integrated circuit to store a receive buffer queue comprising at least one receive buffer and a receive completion queue comprising at least one entry; and a network interface controller communicatively coupled to the memory module, the network interface controller to:
coalesce received packet payload into receive buffers on the receive buffer queue; and
write descriptors associated with the receive buffers for a same flow consecutively in the receive completion queue. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein received packet payload for a same flow is stored in non-contiguous buffers in the receive buffer queue. 15. The system of claim 13, further comprising:
at least one processor core to: upon receiving notification that packets are ready to be processed, to access consecutive descriptors in the receive completion queue to access data stored in the memory module. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor core to:
allocate a working set of receive buffers to the receive buffer queue to minimize an amount of memory provisioned for the receive buffer queue; refill the receive buffer queue, using receive buffers returned from the receive completion queue; and allocate a buffer to the receive buffer queue from an overflow queue if a buffer is not available in the working set of receive buffers. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the network interface controller to:
store received packet payload into receive buffers on the receive buffer queue; and write a current buffer index to a fixed location in memory to provide an indication of use of receive buffers on the receive buffer queue. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the receive buffers are processed contiguously on a descriptor ring for a receive segment coalescing context. 19. A machine-readable medium for storing machine-executable instructions that, cause a system to:
store, in a memory, a receive buffer queue comprising at least one receive buffer and a receive completion queue comprising at least one entry; coalesce received packet payload into receive buffers in the receive buffer queue; and write descriptors associated with the receive buffers for a same flow consecutively in the receive completion queue. 20. The machine-readable medium of claim 19, wherein received packet payload for a same flow is stored in non-contiguous buffers in the receive buffer queue. 21. The machine-readable medium of claim 19, further comprising:
upon receiving notification that packets are ready to be processed, access consecutive descriptors in the receive completion queue to access data stored in the memory. 22. The machine-readable medium of claim 19, further comprising:
store, by a network interface controller, received packet payload into receive buffers on the receive buffer queue; and
write, by a network interface controller, a current buffer index to a fixed location in memory to provide an indication of use of receive buffers on the receive buffer queue. | 2,400 |
349,414 | 16,806,962 | 2,469 | Systems and method for optical imaging of an animal include a body conforming animal mold, which is shaped and sized to hold an animal in an immobilized and geometrically defined position and a gantry, which can include multiple optical mirrors to provide for simultaneous imaging of multiple different views of an animal within a body conforming animal mold. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A system for providing reproducible imaging results indicative of an in vivo experimental result, the imaging results for presentation via a display unit, the system comprising:
an image receiver configured to receive first image data and second image data; a data store including a plurality of position definitions, wherein a first position definition identifies, for an animal subject imaged at a first time while in a first position, a first location for an anatomical feature at the first time, and wherein a second position definition identifies, for an animal subject imaged at a second time while in a second position, a second location for the anatomical feature at the second time;
a position detector configured to:
identify the first position definition for processing the first image data based on the first image data; and
identify the second position definition for processing the second image data, based on the second image data; and
an image processor configured to:
receive a processing protocol identifying a comparison for image data and an associated result based thereon, the comparison indicating one or more locations of input image data to compare and how to compare the indicated input image data, the associated result indicating an output imaging result to provide for a comparison result;
extract a portion of the first image data from the first location of the first image data;
extract a portion of the second image data from the second location of the second image data;
generate comparison data according to the comparison identified in the processing protocol using image data at the one or more locations identified by the comparison from the first portion of the first image data and the second portion of the second image data;
generate an imaging result according to the processing protocol using the comparison data; and
cause presentation of the imaging result via the display unit. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the image receiver is further configured to receive the first image data from a first sensing device. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein the image receiver is further configured to receive the second image data from a second sensing device. 24. The system of claim 21, wherein the animal subject imaged at the first time is an animal test subject, and wherein the animal subject imaged at the second time is the animal test subject. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein:
the first location identifies one or more pixel locations for the anatomical feature shown in the first image data, the second location identifies one or more pixel locations for the anatomical feature shown in the second image data, and the one or more locations of input image data indicated by the comparison comprise one or more pixel locations. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein the image processor is further configured to generate the imaging result by comparing, using the processing protocol, first pixel values at the one or more pixel locations of the anatomical feature shown in the first image data with second pixel values at the one or more pixel locations of the anatomical feature shown in the second image data. 27. The system of claim 21, wherein the first location identifies one or more voxel locations for the anatomical feature shown in the first image data, wherein the second location identifies one or more voxel locations for the anatomical feature shown in the second image data, and wherein the one or more locations of input image data indicated by the comparison comprise one or more voxel locations. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein the image processor is further configured to generate the imaging result by comparing, using the processing protocol, first voxel values at the one or more voxel locations of the anatomical feature shown in the first image data with second voxel values at the one or more voxel locations of the anatomical feature shown in the second image data. 29. The system of claim 21, wherein the position detector is further configured to identify the first position by detecting, within the first image data, an identifiable mark associated with the first position. 30. The system of claim 29, wherein the identifiable mark is identified on a mold in which the animal subject was placed to capture the first image data, at least a portion of the mold being shown in the first image data. 31. The system of claim 21, further comprising an imaging controller configured to:
receive, from an imaging device, information at a third time identifying the animal subject to be imaged; identify a third position definition for the animal subject, the third position definition identifying, for the animal subject imaged while in a third position, a third location for the anatomical feature; generate a configuration command indicating sensor parameters for imaging the animal subject using the third position definition and the processing protocol; and transmit the configuration command to the imaging device. 32. The system of claim 31, wherein the imaging controller is further configured to generate the configuration command using imaging results for the animal subject stored before the third time. 33. An image processing system comprising:
an image receiver configured to receive image data from an imaging device; a data store including a plurality of position definitions, wherein each position definition identifies, for a given subject imaged while in a position, a location for an anatomical feature of the subject; a position detector configured to identify, using the image data received from the imaging device, the position definition for the image data; and an image processor configured to generate an imaging result using a portion of the image data at the location for the anatomical feature identified by the position definition. 34. The system of claim 33, wherein:
the image data comprises first image data and second image data, the plurality of position definitions comprises:
a first position definition that identifies, for a given subject imaged at a first time while in a first position, a first location for an anatomical feature at the first time, and
a second position definition that identifies, for a given subject imaged at a second time while in a second position, a second location for the anatomical feature at the second time,
the first location identifies one or more pixel locations for the anatomical feature shown in the first image data, the second location identifies one or more pixel locations for the anatomical feature shown in the second image data, and the image processor is further configured to generate the imaging result by comparing first pixel values at the one or more pixel locations of the anatomical feature shown in the first image data with second pixel values at the one or more pixel locations of the anatomical feature shown in the second image data. 35. The system of claim 33, wherein:
the image data comprises first image data and second image data, the plurality of position definitions comprises:
a first position definition that identifies, for a given subject imaged at a first time while in a first position, a first location for an anatomical feature at the first time, and
a second position definition that identifies, for a given subject imaged at a second time while in a second position, a second location for the anatomical feature at the second time,
the first location identifies one or more voxel locations for the anatomical feature shown in the first image data, the second location identifies one or more voxel locations for the anatomical feature shown in the second image data, and the image processor is further configured to generate the imaging result by comparing, using the processing protocol, first voxel values at the one or more voxel locations of the anatomical feature shown in the first image data with second voxel values at the one or more voxel locations of the anatomical feature shown in the second image data. 36. The system of claim 33, wherein the position detector is further configured to identify the position by detecting, within the image data, an identifiable mark associated with the position. 37. The system of claim 36, wherein the identifiable mark is identified on a positioning assembly in which the given subject was placed to capture the image data, at least a portion of the positioning assembly being shown in the image data. 38. The system of claim 33, wherein the image data comprises non-optical image data. 39. The system of claim 33, wherein the imaging device is configured to capture image data of the given subject while the given subject is positioned within an optically transparent animal mold. 40. A computer implemented method comprising:
receiving a plurality of position definitions, wherein a position definition identifies, for a given subject imaged while in a position, a location for an anatomical feature of the subject; receiving image data from an imaging device; identifying, using the image data received from the imaging device, the position definition for the image data; and generating an imaging result using a portion of the image data at the location for the anatomical feature identified by the position definition. | Systems and method for optical imaging of an animal include a body conforming animal mold, which is shaped and sized to hold an animal in an immobilized and geometrically defined position and a gantry, which can include multiple optical mirrors to provide for simultaneous imaging of multiple different views of an animal within a body conforming animal mold.1-20. (canceled) 21. A system for providing reproducible imaging results indicative of an in vivo experimental result, the imaging results for presentation via a display unit, the system comprising:
an image receiver configured to receive first image data and second image data; a data store including a plurality of position definitions, wherein a first position definition identifies, for an animal subject imaged at a first time while in a first position, a first location for an anatomical feature at the first time, and wherein a second position definition identifies, for an animal subject imaged at a second time while in a second position, a second location for the anatomical feature at the second time;
a position detector configured to:
identify the first position definition for processing the first image data based on the first image data; and
identify the second position definition for processing the second image data, based on the second image data; and
an image processor configured to:
receive a processing protocol identifying a comparison for image data and an associated result based thereon, the comparison indicating one or more locations of input image data to compare and how to compare the indicated input image data, the associated result indicating an output imaging result to provide for a comparison result;
extract a portion of the first image data from the first location of the first image data;
extract a portion of the second image data from the second location of the second image data;
generate comparison data according to the comparison identified in the processing protocol using image data at the one or more locations identified by the comparison from the first portion of the first image data and the second portion of the second image data;
generate an imaging result according to the processing protocol using the comparison data; and
cause presentation of the imaging result via the display unit. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the image receiver is further configured to receive the first image data from a first sensing device. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein the image receiver is further configured to receive the second image data from a second sensing device. 24. The system of claim 21, wherein the animal subject imaged at the first time is an animal test subject, and wherein the animal subject imaged at the second time is the animal test subject. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein:
the first location identifies one or more pixel locations for the anatomical feature shown in the first image data, the second location identifies one or more pixel locations for the anatomical feature shown in the second image data, and the one or more locations of input image data indicated by the comparison comprise one or more pixel locations. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein the image processor is further configured to generate the imaging result by comparing, using the processing protocol, first pixel values at the one or more pixel locations of the anatomical feature shown in the first image data with second pixel values at the one or more pixel locations of the anatomical feature shown in the second image data. 27. The system of claim 21, wherein the first location identifies one or more voxel locations for the anatomical feature shown in the first image data, wherein the second location identifies one or more voxel locations for the anatomical feature shown in the second image data, and wherein the one or more locations of input image data indicated by the comparison comprise one or more voxel locations. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein the image processor is further configured to generate the imaging result by comparing, using the processing protocol, first voxel values at the one or more voxel locations of the anatomical feature shown in the first image data with second voxel values at the one or more voxel locations of the anatomical feature shown in the second image data. 29. The system of claim 21, wherein the position detector is further configured to identify the first position by detecting, within the first image data, an identifiable mark associated with the first position. 30. The system of claim 29, wherein the identifiable mark is identified on a mold in which the animal subject was placed to capture the first image data, at least a portion of the mold being shown in the first image data. 31. The system of claim 21, further comprising an imaging controller configured to:
receive, from an imaging device, information at a third time identifying the animal subject to be imaged; identify a third position definition for the animal subject, the third position definition identifying, for the animal subject imaged while in a third position, a third location for the anatomical feature; generate a configuration command indicating sensor parameters for imaging the animal subject using the third position definition and the processing protocol; and transmit the configuration command to the imaging device. 32. The system of claim 31, wherein the imaging controller is further configured to generate the configuration command using imaging results for the animal subject stored before the third time. 33. An image processing system comprising:
an image receiver configured to receive image data from an imaging device; a data store including a plurality of position definitions, wherein each position definition identifies, for a given subject imaged while in a position, a location for an anatomical feature of the subject; a position detector configured to identify, using the image data received from the imaging device, the position definition for the image data; and an image processor configured to generate an imaging result using a portion of the image data at the location for the anatomical feature identified by the position definition. 34. The system of claim 33, wherein:
the image data comprises first image data and second image data, the plurality of position definitions comprises:
a first position definition that identifies, for a given subject imaged at a first time while in a first position, a first location for an anatomical feature at the first time, and
a second position definition that identifies, for a given subject imaged at a second time while in a second position, a second location for the anatomical feature at the second time,
the first location identifies one or more pixel locations for the anatomical feature shown in the first image data, the second location identifies one or more pixel locations for the anatomical feature shown in the second image data, and the image processor is further configured to generate the imaging result by comparing first pixel values at the one or more pixel locations of the anatomical feature shown in the first image data with second pixel values at the one or more pixel locations of the anatomical feature shown in the second image data. 35. The system of claim 33, wherein:
the image data comprises first image data and second image data, the plurality of position definitions comprises:
a first position definition that identifies, for a given subject imaged at a first time while in a first position, a first location for an anatomical feature at the first time, and
a second position definition that identifies, for a given subject imaged at a second time while in a second position, a second location for the anatomical feature at the second time,
the first location identifies one or more voxel locations for the anatomical feature shown in the first image data, the second location identifies one or more voxel locations for the anatomical feature shown in the second image data, and the image processor is further configured to generate the imaging result by comparing, using the processing protocol, first voxel values at the one or more voxel locations of the anatomical feature shown in the first image data with second voxel values at the one or more voxel locations of the anatomical feature shown in the second image data. 36. The system of claim 33, wherein the position detector is further configured to identify the position by detecting, within the image data, an identifiable mark associated with the position. 37. The system of claim 36, wherein the identifiable mark is identified on a positioning assembly in which the given subject was placed to capture the image data, at least a portion of the positioning assembly being shown in the image data. 38. The system of claim 33, wherein the image data comprises non-optical image data. 39. The system of claim 33, wherein the imaging device is configured to capture image data of the given subject while the given subject is positioned within an optically transparent animal mold. 40. A computer implemented method comprising:
receiving a plurality of position definitions, wherein a position definition identifies, for a given subject imaged while in a position, a location for an anatomical feature of the subject; receiving image data from an imaging device; identifying, using the image data received from the imaging device, the position definition for the image data; and generating an imaging result using a portion of the image data at the location for the anatomical feature identified by the position definition. | 2,400 |
349,415 | 16,807,003 | 2,469 | An integrated circuit includes a pull-up circuit, an electrostatic discharge (ESD) primary circuit, and a pull-down circuit. The pull-up circuit is coupled between a pad and a first voltage terminal. The ESD primary circuit includes a first terminal which is coupled to the pad and the pull-up circuit, and a second terminal coupled to a second voltage terminal different from the first voltage terminal. The pull-down circuit has a first terminal which is coupled to the pad, the ESD primary circuit and the pull-up circuit, and a second terminal coupled to the second voltage terminal. The pull-down circuit includes at least one first transistor of a first conductivity type having a first terminal coupled to the first terminal of the pull-down circuit. A breakdown voltage of the at least one first transistor is greater than a trigger voltage of the ESD primary circuit. | 1. An integrated circuit, comprising:
a pull-up circuit coupled between a pad and a first voltage terminal; an electrostatic discharge (ESD) primary circuit comprising a first terminal which is coupled to the pad and the pull-up circuit, and a second terminal coupled to a second voltage terminal different from the first voltage terminal; and a pull-down circuit comprising a first terminal which is coupled to the pad, the ESD primary circuit and the pull-up circuit, and a second terminal coupled to the second voltage terminal, wherein the pull-down circuit comprises at least one first transistor of a first conductivity type having a first terminal coupled to the first terminal of the pull-down circuit; wherein a breakdown voltage of the at least one first transistor is greater than a trigger voltage of the ESD primary circuit. 2. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the pull-down circuit further comprises:
a plurality of second transistors of the first conductivity type; wherein the at least one first transistor has a second terminal coupled with the plurality of second transistors in series; wherein the breakdown voltage of the at least one first transistor is greater than a breakdown voltage of each one in the plurality of second transistors. 3. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the ESD primary circuit further comprises:
a second transistor of the first conductivity type; wherein the at least one first transistor is substantially the same as the second transistor. 4. The integrated circuit of claim 3, wherein the pull-up circuit comprises:
at least one third transistor of a second conductivity type coupled to the at least one first transistor, wherein the second conductivity type is different from the first conductivity type; wherein an absolute value of the breakdown voltage of the at least one first transistor is N times greater than an absolute value of a breakdown voltage of the at least one third transistor, wherein N is greater than about 2. 5. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the at least one first transistor comprises:
a plurality of first transistors, wherein a first transistor of the plurality of first transistor is coupled to the first terminal of the pull-down circuit; wherein the ESD primary circuit further comprises a plurality of second transistors of the first conductivity type, wherein a first transistor of the plurality of second transistors is coupled to the first terminal of the ESD primary circuit; wherein a breakdown voltage of the first transistor of the plurality of first transistors and a breakdown voltage of the first transistor of the plurality of second transistors have substantially a same value. 6. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the ESD primary circuit further comprises:
a second transistor of the first conductivity type coupled between the first terminal and the second terminal of the ESD primary circuit; wherein the pull-up circuit comprises a resistive element coupled to the second transistor; wherein the pull-down circuit further comprises a plurality of third transistors of the first conductivity type that are coupled between the at least one first transistor and the second voltage terminal; wherein the breakdown voltage of the at least one first transistor and a breakdown voltage of the second transistor are greater than a breakdown voltage of each one in the plurality of third transistors. 7. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the at least one first transistor further comprises:
a first-stage transistor and a plurality of second-stage transistors; wherein the first-stage transistor has a first terminal that is coupled to the first terminal of the pull-down circuit and a second terminal that is coupled to the plurality of second-stage transistors in series; wherein a breakdown voltage of the first-stage transistor is N times greater than a breakdown voltage of each one in the plurality of second-stage transistors, wherein N is greater than 2. 8. An integrated circuit, comprising:
a resistive structure coupled between a first voltage terminal and a pad; a first active region coupled to the pad and the resistive structure; a second active region coupled between the first active region and a second voltage terminal different from the first voltage terminal; a third active region of a first type coupled to the pad and the first active region; and a fourth active region of the first type coupled between the third active region and the second voltage terminal, wherein a width of the third active region is greater than a width of the fourth active region; wherein the first active region and the second active region are included in a structure operating as a first transistor, and the third active region and the fourth active region are included in a structure operating as a second transistor; wherein the second transistor is configured to discharge electrostatic charges injected from the pad when the first transistor is turned off. 9. The integrated circuit of claim 8, wherein the width of the third active region is around 5 to around 6 times greater than the width of the fourth active region. 10. The integrated circuit of claim 8, wherein the resistive structure comprises:
a well region of the first type; and a fifth active region of a second type different from the first type and a sixth active region of the second type that have a same width and are disposed in the well region, wherein the fifth active region is coupled to the pad, the first active region, and the third active region, and the sixth active region is coupled between the fifth active region and the first voltage terminal; wherein the fifth active region and the sixth active region are included in a structure operating as a third transistor; wherein the first active region and the second active region are the first type, and the first active region and third active region have a same width which is greater than widths of the fifth active region and the sixth active region. 11. The integrated circuit of claim 10, further comprising:
a seventh active region of the first type that is disposed adjacent the second active region and coupled to the second voltage terminal, wherein the second active region and the seventh active region are included in a structure operating as a fourth transistor, and the width of the first active region is greater than a width of the seventh active region; and an eighth active region of the first type and a ninth active region of the first type that have a same width and are included in a structure operating as a fifth transistor, wherein the width of third active region is greater than widths of the eighth active region and the ninth active region; wherein the integrated circuit further comprises:
a plurality of the third transistors coupled in series between the pad and the first voltage terminal; and
a plurality of the fifth transistors coupled in series between the second transistor and the second voltage terminal. 12. The integrated circuit of claim 8, further comprising:
a plurality of fifth active regions of the first type, wherein one of the plurality of fifth active regions is coupled to the second voltage terminal, and another one of the plurality of fifth active regions and the fourth active region are included in a structure operating as a third transistor, wherein each one of the plurality of fifth active regions has a width smaller than the third active regions; and a sixth active region of the first type, wherein the sixth active region is coupled to the second voltage terminal, and the width of the first active region is greater than a width of the sixth active region, wherein the sixth active region and the second active region are included in a structure operating as a fourth transistor; wherein the resistive structure comprises:
a well region of the first type;
a plurality of seventh active regions of a second type different from the first type, disposed in the well region, wherein one of the plurality of seventh active regions is coupled to the pad, the first active region, and the third active region, and another one of the plurality of seventh active regions is coupled to the first voltage terminal;
wherein the plurality of seventh active regions have widths smaller than the width of the third active region. 13. The integrated circuit of claim 8, further comprising:
a first well region of the first type and a second well region of the first type; and a fifth active region of the first type and a sixth active region of the first type, disposed in the second well region, wherein the fifth active region and the sixth active region have a same width and are included in a structure operating as a third transistor, wherein the width of third active region is greater than widths of the fifth active region and the sixth active region; wherein the resistive structure comprises a resistive layer coupled between the pad and the first voltage terminal; wherein the first active region is a second type different from the first type and disposed in the first well region, the second region is the first type, and the third to the sixth active region are disposed in the second well region; wherein the integrated circuit further comprises:
a plurality of the third transistor coupled between the second transistor and the second voltage terminal. 14. The integrated circuit of claim 13, wherein a number of the plurality of the third transistor is equal to or more than 3. 15. A method, comprising:
discharging electrostatic charges from a pad to a first voltage terminal through a first active region coupled to the pad and a second active region coupled between the first active region and the first voltage terminal; wherein the first active region and the second active region are the same conductivity type and have different widths from each other, and the first active region and the second active region are included in a first transistor having a first breakdown voltage; and discharging the electrostatic charges through an ESD primary circuit having a first terminal coupled with the first active region and a second terminal coupled with the first voltage terminal, wherein the ESD primary circuit has a trigger voltage lower than the first breakdown voltage. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein a width of the first active region is around 5 to around 6 times greater than a width of the second active region. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
discharging the electrostatic charges from the pad to the first terminal through a plurality of third active regions that are coupled between the second active region and the first voltage terminal; wherein the first active region, the second active region, and the plurality of third active regions have a first conductivity type; wherein the plurality of third active regions are included in structures operating as a plurality of second transistors each having a second breakdown voltage smaller than the first breakdown voltage. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein a width of the first active region is greater than width of the second active region, and the plurality of third active regions. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
discharging electrostatic charges from the pad to a second voltage terminal different through a plurality of fourth active regions that are coupled between the pad and the second voltage terminal; wherein the plurality of fourth active regions have a second conductivity type different from the first conductivity type; wherein a width of the first active region is greater than widths of the plurality of fourth active regions. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein discharging the electrostatic charges through the ESD primary circuit comprises:
discharging the electrostatic charges through a third active region coupled to the pad and the first active region and a fourth active region coupled between the third active region and the first voltage terminal; wherein the first active region and the third active region has a first width, and the second active region and the fourth active region has a second width smaller than the first width. | An integrated circuit includes a pull-up circuit, an electrostatic discharge (ESD) primary circuit, and a pull-down circuit. The pull-up circuit is coupled between a pad and a first voltage terminal. The ESD primary circuit includes a first terminal which is coupled to the pad and the pull-up circuit, and a second terminal coupled to a second voltage terminal different from the first voltage terminal. The pull-down circuit has a first terminal which is coupled to the pad, the ESD primary circuit and the pull-up circuit, and a second terminal coupled to the second voltage terminal. The pull-down circuit includes at least one first transistor of a first conductivity type having a first terminal coupled to the first terminal of the pull-down circuit. A breakdown voltage of the at least one first transistor is greater than a trigger voltage of the ESD primary circuit.1. An integrated circuit, comprising:
a pull-up circuit coupled between a pad and a first voltage terminal; an electrostatic discharge (ESD) primary circuit comprising a first terminal which is coupled to the pad and the pull-up circuit, and a second terminal coupled to a second voltage terminal different from the first voltage terminal; and a pull-down circuit comprising a first terminal which is coupled to the pad, the ESD primary circuit and the pull-up circuit, and a second terminal coupled to the second voltage terminal, wherein the pull-down circuit comprises at least one first transistor of a first conductivity type having a first terminal coupled to the first terminal of the pull-down circuit; wherein a breakdown voltage of the at least one first transistor is greater than a trigger voltage of the ESD primary circuit. 2. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the pull-down circuit further comprises:
a plurality of second transistors of the first conductivity type; wherein the at least one first transistor has a second terminal coupled with the plurality of second transistors in series; wherein the breakdown voltage of the at least one first transistor is greater than a breakdown voltage of each one in the plurality of second transistors. 3. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the ESD primary circuit further comprises:
a second transistor of the first conductivity type; wherein the at least one first transistor is substantially the same as the second transistor. 4. The integrated circuit of claim 3, wherein the pull-up circuit comprises:
at least one third transistor of a second conductivity type coupled to the at least one first transistor, wherein the second conductivity type is different from the first conductivity type; wherein an absolute value of the breakdown voltage of the at least one first transistor is N times greater than an absolute value of a breakdown voltage of the at least one third transistor, wherein N is greater than about 2. 5. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the at least one first transistor comprises:
a plurality of first transistors, wherein a first transistor of the plurality of first transistor is coupled to the first terminal of the pull-down circuit; wherein the ESD primary circuit further comprises a plurality of second transistors of the first conductivity type, wherein a first transistor of the plurality of second transistors is coupled to the first terminal of the ESD primary circuit; wherein a breakdown voltage of the first transistor of the plurality of first transistors and a breakdown voltage of the first transistor of the plurality of second transistors have substantially a same value. 6. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the ESD primary circuit further comprises:
a second transistor of the first conductivity type coupled between the first terminal and the second terminal of the ESD primary circuit; wherein the pull-up circuit comprises a resistive element coupled to the second transistor; wherein the pull-down circuit further comprises a plurality of third transistors of the first conductivity type that are coupled between the at least one first transistor and the second voltage terminal; wherein the breakdown voltage of the at least one first transistor and a breakdown voltage of the second transistor are greater than a breakdown voltage of each one in the plurality of third transistors. 7. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the at least one first transistor further comprises:
a first-stage transistor and a plurality of second-stage transistors; wherein the first-stage transistor has a first terminal that is coupled to the first terminal of the pull-down circuit and a second terminal that is coupled to the plurality of second-stage transistors in series; wherein a breakdown voltage of the first-stage transistor is N times greater than a breakdown voltage of each one in the plurality of second-stage transistors, wherein N is greater than 2. 8. An integrated circuit, comprising:
a resistive structure coupled between a first voltage terminal and a pad; a first active region coupled to the pad and the resistive structure; a second active region coupled between the first active region and a second voltage terminal different from the first voltage terminal; a third active region of a first type coupled to the pad and the first active region; and a fourth active region of the first type coupled between the third active region and the second voltage terminal, wherein a width of the third active region is greater than a width of the fourth active region; wherein the first active region and the second active region are included in a structure operating as a first transistor, and the third active region and the fourth active region are included in a structure operating as a second transistor; wherein the second transistor is configured to discharge electrostatic charges injected from the pad when the first transistor is turned off. 9. The integrated circuit of claim 8, wherein the width of the third active region is around 5 to around 6 times greater than the width of the fourth active region. 10. The integrated circuit of claim 8, wherein the resistive structure comprises:
a well region of the first type; and a fifth active region of a second type different from the first type and a sixth active region of the second type that have a same width and are disposed in the well region, wherein the fifth active region is coupled to the pad, the first active region, and the third active region, and the sixth active region is coupled between the fifth active region and the first voltage terminal; wherein the fifth active region and the sixth active region are included in a structure operating as a third transistor; wherein the first active region and the second active region are the first type, and the first active region and third active region have a same width which is greater than widths of the fifth active region and the sixth active region. 11. The integrated circuit of claim 10, further comprising:
a seventh active region of the first type that is disposed adjacent the second active region and coupled to the second voltage terminal, wherein the second active region and the seventh active region are included in a structure operating as a fourth transistor, and the width of the first active region is greater than a width of the seventh active region; and an eighth active region of the first type and a ninth active region of the first type that have a same width and are included in a structure operating as a fifth transistor, wherein the width of third active region is greater than widths of the eighth active region and the ninth active region; wherein the integrated circuit further comprises:
a plurality of the third transistors coupled in series between the pad and the first voltage terminal; and
a plurality of the fifth transistors coupled in series between the second transistor and the second voltage terminal. 12. The integrated circuit of claim 8, further comprising:
a plurality of fifth active regions of the first type, wherein one of the plurality of fifth active regions is coupled to the second voltage terminal, and another one of the plurality of fifth active regions and the fourth active region are included in a structure operating as a third transistor, wherein each one of the plurality of fifth active regions has a width smaller than the third active regions; and a sixth active region of the first type, wherein the sixth active region is coupled to the second voltage terminal, and the width of the first active region is greater than a width of the sixth active region, wherein the sixth active region and the second active region are included in a structure operating as a fourth transistor; wherein the resistive structure comprises:
a well region of the first type;
a plurality of seventh active regions of a second type different from the first type, disposed in the well region, wherein one of the plurality of seventh active regions is coupled to the pad, the first active region, and the third active region, and another one of the plurality of seventh active regions is coupled to the first voltage terminal;
wherein the plurality of seventh active regions have widths smaller than the width of the third active region. 13. The integrated circuit of claim 8, further comprising:
a first well region of the first type and a second well region of the first type; and a fifth active region of the first type and a sixth active region of the first type, disposed in the second well region, wherein the fifth active region and the sixth active region have a same width and are included in a structure operating as a third transistor, wherein the width of third active region is greater than widths of the fifth active region and the sixth active region; wherein the resistive structure comprises a resistive layer coupled between the pad and the first voltage terminal; wherein the first active region is a second type different from the first type and disposed in the first well region, the second region is the first type, and the third to the sixth active region are disposed in the second well region; wherein the integrated circuit further comprises:
a plurality of the third transistor coupled between the second transistor and the second voltage terminal. 14. The integrated circuit of claim 13, wherein a number of the plurality of the third transistor is equal to or more than 3. 15. A method, comprising:
discharging electrostatic charges from a pad to a first voltage terminal through a first active region coupled to the pad and a second active region coupled between the first active region and the first voltage terminal; wherein the first active region and the second active region are the same conductivity type and have different widths from each other, and the first active region and the second active region are included in a first transistor having a first breakdown voltage; and discharging the electrostatic charges through an ESD primary circuit having a first terminal coupled with the first active region and a second terminal coupled with the first voltage terminal, wherein the ESD primary circuit has a trigger voltage lower than the first breakdown voltage. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein a width of the first active region is around 5 to around 6 times greater than a width of the second active region. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
discharging the electrostatic charges from the pad to the first terminal through a plurality of third active regions that are coupled between the second active region and the first voltage terminal; wherein the first active region, the second active region, and the plurality of third active regions have a first conductivity type; wherein the plurality of third active regions are included in structures operating as a plurality of second transistors each having a second breakdown voltage smaller than the first breakdown voltage. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein a width of the first active region is greater than width of the second active region, and the plurality of third active regions. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
discharging electrostatic charges from the pad to a second voltage terminal different through a plurality of fourth active regions that are coupled between the pad and the second voltage terminal; wherein the plurality of fourth active regions have a second conductivity type different from the first conductivity type; wherein a width of the first active region is greater than widths of the plurality of fourth active regions. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein discharging the electrostatic charges through the ESD primary circuit comprises:
discharging the electrostatic charges through a third active region coupled to the pad and the first active region and a fourth active region coupled between the third active region and the first voltage terminal; wherein the first active region and the third active region has a first width, and the second active region and the fourth active region has a second width smaller than the first width. | 2,400 |
349,416 | 16,807,007 | 2,497 | A system and method for network cybersecurity analysis that uses user and entity behavioral analysis combined with network topology information to provide improved cybersecurity. The system and method involve gathering network entity information, establishing baseline behaviors for each entity, and monitoring each entity for behavioral anomalies that might indicate cybersecurity concerns. Further, the system and method involve incorporating network topology information into the analysis by generating a model of the network, annotating the model with risk and criticality information for each entity in the model and with a vulnerability level between entities, and using the model to evaluate cybersecurity risks to the network. Risks and vulnerabilities associated with user entities may be represented, in part or in whole, by the behavioral analyses and monitoring of those user entities. | 1. A system for cybersecurity analysis using user and entity behavioral analysis combined with network topology information, comprising:
a computing device comprising a memory and a processor; a directed graph stored in the memory of the computing device, the directed graph comprising a representation of a computer network wherein:
nodes of the directed graph represent entities comprising the computer network; and
edges of the directed graph represent relationships between the entities of the computer network; and
a behavioral analysis engine comprising a plurality of programming instructions stored in the memory of, and operating on the processor of, the computing device, wherein the plurality of programming instructions, when operating on the processor, cause the computing device to:
monitor the activity of a plurality of entities comprising the computer network;
establish behavioral baseline data for each of the plurality of entities from the monitored activity over a defined period of time;
associate the behavioral baseline data for each entity with the directed graph node for that entity;
identify anomalous behavior of one of the plurality of entities by comparing monitored activity for that entity to the associated behavioral baseline data for that entity; and
calculate a risk of the anomalous behavior using the directed graph by determining a relationship between the entity for which anomalous behavior has been identified and a different entity of the plurality of entities. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the relationship between entities used to calculate the risk is a vulnerability rating which indicates a difficulty of exploiting a vulnerability between entities. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the vulnerability rating comprises information regarding the levels and types of authentication required to access an entity. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein each node further comprises a risk of attack rating which indicates a likelihood that the node will be subject to a cyberattack, and the calculation of risk is based in part on the risk rating. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein each node further comprises a criticality rating which indicates the criticality to the computer network, or the organization operating the network, if the node is compromised by a cyberattack, and the calculation of risk is based in part on the criticality rating. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein network segmentation is used to reduce the number of nodes required to represent entities in the directed graph by:
assigning computing devices in the computing network to logical segments by changing their configurations or by changing the computer network configurations wherein the computing devices in a logical segment are treated similarly with respect access of the computer network; and representing all computing devices in a logical segment as a single entity in the directed graph. 7. A method for cybersecurity analysis using user and entity behavioral analysis combined with network topology information, comprising the steps of:
storing a directed graph in the memory of a computing device, the directed graph comprising a representation of a computer network wherein:
nodes of the directed graph represent entities comprising the computer network; and
edges of the directed graph represent relationships between the entities of the computer network; and
monitoring the activity of a plurality of entities comprising the computer network; establishing behavioral baseline data for each of the plurality of entities from the monitored activity over a defined period of time; associating the behavioral baseline data for each entity with the directed graph node for that entity; identifying anomalous behavior of one of the plurality of entities by comparing monitored activity for that entity to the associated behavioral baseline data for that entity; and calculating a risk of the anomalous behavior using the directed graph by determining a relationship between the entity for which anomalous behavior has been identified and a different entity of the plurality of entities. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the relationship between entities used to calculate the risk is a vulnerability rating which indicates a difficulty of exploiting a vulnerability between entities. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the vulnerability rating comprises information regarding the levels and types of authentication required to access an entity. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein each node further comprises a risk rating which indicates a likelihood that the node will be subject to a cyberattack, and the calculation of risk is based in part on the risk rating. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein each node further comprises a criticality rating which indicates the criticality to the computer network, or the organization operating the network, if the node is compromised by a cyberattack, and the calculation of risk is based in part on the criticality rating. 12. The method of claim 7, further comprising the step of using network segmentation to reduce the number of nodes required to represent entities in the directed graph by:
assigning computing devices in the computing network to logical segments by changing their configurations or by changing the computer network configurations wherein the computing devices in a logical segment are treated similarly with respect access of the computer network; and representing all computing devices in a logical segment as a single entity in the directed graph. | A system and method for network cybersecurity analysis that uses user and entity behavioral analysis combined with network topology information to provide improved cybersecurity. The system and method involve gathering network entity information, establishing baseline behaviors for each entity, and monitoring each entity for behavioral anomalies that might indicate cybersecurity concerns. Further, the system and method involve incorporating network topology information into the analysis by generating a model of the network, annotating the model with risk and criticality information for each entity in the model and with a vulnerability level between entities, and using the model to evaluate cybersecurity risks to the network. Risks and vulnerabilities associated with user entities may be represented, in part or in whole, by the behavioral analyses and monitoring of those user entities.1. A system for cybersecurity analysis using user and entity behavioral analysis combined with network topology information, comprising:
a computing device comprising a memory and a processor; a directed graph stored in the memory of the computing device, the directed graph comprising a representation of a computer network wherein:
nodes of the directed graph represent entities comprising the computer network; and
edges of the directed graph represent relationships between the entities of the computer network; and
a behavioral analysis engine comprising a plurality of programming instructions stored in the memory of, and operating on the processor of, the computing device, wherein the plurality of programming instructions, when operating on the processor, cause the computing device to:
monitor the activity of a plurality of entities comprising the computer network;
establish behavioral baseline data for each of the plurality of entities from the monitored activity over a defined period of time;
associate the behavioral baseline data for each entity with the directed graph node for that entity;
identify anomalous behavior of one of the plurality of entities by comparing monitored activity for that entity to the associated behavioral baseline data for that entity; and
calculate a risk of the anomalous behavior using the directed graph by determining a relationship between the entity for which anomalous behavior has been identified and a different entity of the plurality of entities. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the relationship between entities used to calculate the risk is a vulnerability rating which indicates a difficulty of exploiting a vulnerability between entities. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the vulnerability rating comprises information regarding the levels and types of authentication required to access an entity. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein each node further comprises a risk of attack rating which indicates a likelihood that the node will be subject to a cyberattack, and the calculation of risk is based in part on the risk rating. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein each node further comprises a criticality rating which indicates the criticality to the computer network, or the organization operating the network, if the node is compromised by a cyberattack, and the calculation of risk is based in part on the criticality rating. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein network segmentation is used to reduce the number of nodes required to represent entities in the directed graph by:
assigning computing devices in the computing network to logical segments by changing their configurations or by changing the computer network configurations wherein the computing devices in a logical segment are treated similarly with respect access of the computer network; and representing all computing devices in a logical segment as a single entity in the directed graph. 7. A method for cybersecurity analysis using user and entity behavioral analysis combined with network topology information, comprising the steps of:
storing a directed graph in the memory of a computing device, the directed graph comprising a representation of a computer network wherein:
nodes of the directed graph represent entities comprising the computer network; and
edges of the directed graph represent relationships between the entities of the computer network; and
monitoring the activity of a plurality of entities comprising the computer network; establishing behavioral baseline data for each of the plurality of entities from the monitored activity over a defined period of time; associating the behavioral baseline data for each entity with the directed graph node for that entity; identifying anomalous behavior of one of the plurality of entities by comparing monitored activity for that entity to the associated behavioral baseline data for that entity; and calculating a risk of the anomalous behavior using the directed graph by determining a relationship between the entity for which anomalous behavior has been identified and a different entity of the plurality of entities. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the relationship between entities used to calculate the risk is a vulnerability rating which indicates a difficulty of exploiting a vulnerability between entities. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the vulnerability rating comprises information regarding the levels and types of authentication required to access an entity. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein each node further comprises a risk rating which indicates a likelihood that the node will be subject to a cyberattack, and the calculation of risk is based in part on the risk rating. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein each node further comprises a criticality rating which indicates the criticality to the computer network, or the organization operating the network, if the node is compromised by a cyberattack, and the calculation of risk is based in part on the criticality rating. 12. The method of claim 7, further comprising the step of using network segmentation to reduce the number of nodes required to represent entities in the directed graph by:
assigning computing devices in the computing network to logical segments by changing their configurations or by changing the computer network configurations wherein the computing devices in a logical segment are treated similarly with respect access of the computer network; and representing all computing devices in a logical segment as a single entity in the directed graph. | 2,400 |
349,417 | 16,806,973 | 2,497 | A system and method for network cybersecurity analysis that uses user and entity behavioral analysis combined with network topology information to provide improved cybersecurity. The system and method involve gathering network entity information, establishing baseline behaviors for each entity, and monitoring each entity for behavioral anomalies that might indicate cybersecurity concerns. Further, the system and method involve incorporating network topology information into the analysis by generating a model of the network, annotating the model with risk and criticality information for each entity in the model and with a vulnerability level between entities, and using the model to evaluate cybersecurity risks to the network. Risks and vulnerabilities associated with user entities may be represented, in part or in whole, by the behavioral analyses and monitoring of those user entities. | 1. A system for cybersecurity analysis using user and entity behavioral analysis combined with network topology information, comprising:
a computing device comprising a memory and a processor; a directed graph stored in the memory of the computing device, the directed graph comprising a representation of a computer network wherein:
nodes of the directed graph represent entities comprising the computer network; and
edges of the directed graph represent relationships between the entities of the computer network; and
a behavioral analysis engine comprising a plurality of programming instructions stored in the memory of, and operating on the processor of, the computing device, wherein the plurality of programming instructions, when operating on the processor, cause the computing device to:
monitor the activity of a plurality of entities comprising the computer network;
establish behavioral baseline data for each of the plurality of entities from the monitored activity over a defined period of time;
associate the behavioral baseline data for each entity with the directed graph node for that entity;
identify anomalous behavior of one of the plurality of entities by comparing monitored activity for that entity to the associated behavioral baseline data for that entity; and
calculate a risk of the anomalous behavior using the directed graph by determining a relationship between the entity for which anomalous behavior has been identified and a different entity of the plurality of entities. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the relationship between entities used to calculate the risk is a vulnerability rating which indicates a difficulty of exploiting a vulnerability between entities. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the vulnerability rating comprises information regarding the levels and types of authentication required to access an entity. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein each node further comprises a risk of attack rating which indicates a likelihood that the node will be subject to a cyberattack, and the calculation of risk is based in part on the risk rating. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein each node further comprises a criticality rating which indicates the criticality to the computer network, or the organization operating the network, if the node is compromised by a cyberattack, and the calculation of risk is based in part on the criticality rating. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein network segmentation is used to reduce the number of nodes required to represent entities in the directed graph by:
assigning computing devices in the computing network to logical segments by changing their configurations or by changing the computer network configurations wherein the computing devices in a logical segment are treated similarly with respect access of the computer network; and representing all computing devices in a logical segment as a single entity in the directed graph. 7. A method for cybersecurity analysis using user and entity behavioral analysis combined with network topology information, comprising the steps of:
storing a directed graph in the memory of a computing device, the directed graph comprising a representation of a computer network wherein:
nodes of the directed graph represent entities comprising the computer network; and
edges of the directed graph represent relationships between the entities of the computer network; and
monitoring the activity of a plurality of entities comprising the computer network; establishing behavioral baseline data for each of the plurality of entities from the monitored activity over a defined period of time; associating the behavioral baseline data for each entity with the directed graph node for that entity; identifying anomalous behavior of one of the plurality of entities by comparing monitored activity for that entity to the associated behavioral baseline data for that entity; and calculating a risk of the anomalous behavior using the directed graph by determining a relationship between the entity for which anomalous behavior has been identified and a different entity of the plurality of entities. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the relationship between entities used to calculate the risk is a vulnerability rating which indicates a difficulty of exploiting a vulnerability between entities. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the vulnerability rating comprises information regarding the levels and types of authentication required to access an entity. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein each node further comprises a risk rating which indicates a likelihood that the node will be subject to a cyberattack, and the calculation of risk is based in part on the risk rating. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein each node further comprises a criticality rating which indicates the criticality to the computer network, or the organization operating the network, if the node is compromised by a cyberattack, and the calculation of risk is based in part on the criticality rating. 12. The method of claim 7, further comprising the step of using network segmentation to reduce the number of nodes required to represent entities in the directed graph by:
assigning computing devices in the computing network to logical segments by changing their configurations or by changing the computer network configurations wherein the computing devices in a logical segment are treated similarly with respect access of the computer network; and representing all computing devices in a logical segment as a single entity in the directed graph. | A system and method for network cybersecurity analysis that uses user and entity behavioral analysis combined with network topology information to provide improved cybersecurity. The system and method involve gathering network entity information, establishing baseline behaviors for each entity, and monitoring each entity for behavioral anomalies that might indicate cybersecurity concerns. Further, the system and method involve incorporating network topology information into the analysis by generating a model of the network, annotating the model with risk and criticality information for each entity in the model and with a vulnerability level between entities, and using the model to evaluate cybersecurity risks to the network. Risks and vulnerabilities associated with user entities may be represented, in part or in whole, by the behavioral analyses and monitoring of those user entities.1. A system for cybersecurity analysis using user and entity behavioral analysis combined with network topology information, comprising:
a computing device comprising a memory and a processor; a directed graph stored in the memory of the computing device, the directed graph comprising a representation of a computer network wherein:
nodes of the directed graph represent entities comprising the computer network; and
edges of the directed graph represent relationships between the entities of the computer network; and
a behavioral analysis engine comprising a plurality of programming instructions stored in the memory of, and operating on the processor of, the computing device, wherein the plurality of programming instructions, when operating on the processor, cause the computing device to:
monitor the activity of a plurality of entities comprising the computer network;
establish behavioral baseline data for each of the plurality of entities from the monitored activity over a defined period of time;
associate the behavioral baseline data for each entity with the directed graph node for that entity;
identify anomalous behavior of one of the plurality of entities by comparing monitored activity for that entity to the associated behavioral baseline data for that entity; and
calculate a risk of the anomalous behavior using the directed graph by determining a relationship between the entity for which anomalous behavior has been identified and a different entity of the plurality of entities. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the relationship between entities used to calculate the risk is a vulnerability rating which indicates a difficulty of exploiting a vulnerability between entities. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the vulnerability rating comprises information regarding the levels and types of authentication required to access an entity. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein each node further comprises a risk of attack rating which indicates a likelihood that the node will be subject to a cyberattack, and the calculation of risk is based in part on the risk rating. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein each node further comprises a criticality rating which indicates the criticality to the computer network, or the organization operating the network, if the node is compromised by a cyberattack, and the calculation of risk is based in part on the criticality rating. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein network segmentation is used to reduce the number of nodes required to represent entities in the directed graph by:
assigning computing devices in the computing network to logical segments by changing their configurations or by changing the computer network configurations wherein the computing devices in a logical segment are treated similarly with respect access of the computer network; and representing all computing devices in a logical segment as a single entity in the directed graph. 7. A method for cybersecurity analysis using user and entity behavioral analysis combined with network topology information, comprising the steps of:
storing a directed graph in the memory of a computing device, the directed graph comprising a representation of a computer network wherein:
nodes of the directed graph represent entities comprising the computer network; and
edges of the directed graph represent relationships between the entities of the computer network; and
monitoring the activity of a plurality of entities comprising the computer network; establishing behavioral baseline data for each of the plurality of entities from the monitored activity over a defined period of time; associating the behavioral baseline data for each entity with the directed graph node for that entity; identifying anomalous behavior of one of the plurality of entities by comparing monitored activity for that entity to the associated behavioral baseline data for that entity; and calculating a risk of the anomalous behavior using the directed graph by determining a relationship between the entity for which anomalous behavior has been identified and a different entity of the plurality of entities. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the relationship between entities used to calculate the risk is a vulnerability rating which indicates a difficulty of exploiting a vulnerability between entities. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the vulnerability rating comprises information regarding the levels and types of authentication required to access an entity. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein each node further comprises a risk rating which indicates a likelihood that the node will be subject to a cyberattack, and the calculation of risk is based in part on the risk rating. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein each node further comprises a criticality rating which indicates the criticality to the computer network, or the organization operating the network, if the node is compromised by a cyberattack, and the calculation of risk is based in part on the criticality rating. 12. The method of claim 7, further comprising the step of using network segmentation to reduce the number of nodes required to represent entities in the directed graph by:
assigning computing devices in the computing network to logical segments by changing their configurations or by changing the computer network configurations wherein the computing devices in a logical segment are treated similarly with respect access of the computer network; and representing all computing devices in a logical segment as a single entity in the directed graph. | 2,400 |
349,418 | 16,807,002 | 2,497 | A method for patterning a layer increases the density of features formed over an initial patterning layer using a series of self-aligned spacers. A layer to be etched is provided, then an initial sacrificial patterning layer, for example formed using optical lithography, is formed over the layer to be etched. Depending on the embodiment, the patterning layer may be trimmed, then a series of spacer layers formed and etched. The number of spacer layers and their target dimensions depends on the desired increase in feature density. An in-process semiconductor device and electronic system is also described. | 1-29. (canceled) 30. A method used during fabrication of a semiconductor device, comprising:
providing a layer to be etched; forming a spacer material over the layer to be etched; etching the spacer material to form groups of spacers, each of the groups comprising three spacers for every two anti-spacers; and etching the layer to be etched using at least one of the spacers of the group as a pattern. 31. The method of claim 30 further comprising forming at least a portion of the spacer material from photoresist. 32. The method of claim 30 further comprising forming at least a portion of the spacer material from a material selected from the group consisting of transparent carbon, multilayer resist, and bilayer resist. 33. The method of claim 30 further comprising:
providing a microprocessor; and
providing an electrical pathway between the semiconductor device and the microprocessor to facilitate electrical communication therebetween. 34. The method of claim 30 wherein at least some of the spacers of the group having coplanar upper surfaces overlying the layer to be etched. 35. The method of claim 30 wherein the forming the spacer material and the etching of the spacer material is performed in a series of deposition and removal steps. 36. The method of claim 35 wherein a first step in the series comprises depositing a first material upon the layer to be etched and a first conformal layer upon the first material. 37. The method of claim 36 wherein a second step in the series comprises removing the first material and portion of the conformal layer to define a first set of pillars. 38. The method of claim 37 wherein a third step in the series comprises depositing a second conformal layer upon at least two of the pillars to form at least two groups of three spacers. 39. The method of claim 38 wherein a fourth step in the series comprises depositing a third conformal layer upon the two groups of three spacers. 40. The method of claim 39 further comprising etching one or more of the groups to form the three spacer and two anti-spacers. | A method for patterning a layer increases the density of features formed over an initial patterning layer using a series of self-aligned spacers. A layer to be etched is provided, then an initial sacrificial patterning layer, for example formed using optical lithography, is formed over the layer to be etched. Depending on the embodiment, the patterning layer may be trimmed, then a series of spacer layers formed and etched. The number of spacer layers and their target dimensions depends on the desired increase in feature density. An in-process semiconductor device and electronic system is also described.1-29. (canceled) 30. A method used during fabrication of a semiconductor device, comprising:
providing a layer to be etched; forming a spacer material over the layer to be etched; etching the spacer material to form groups of spacers, each of the groups comprising three spacers for every two anti-spacers; and etching the layer to be etched using at least one of the spacers of the group as a pattern. 31. The method of claim 30 further comprising forming at least a portion of the spacer material from photoresist. 32. The method of claim 30 further comprising forming at least a portion of the spacer material from a material selected from the group consisting of transparent carbon, multilayer resist, and bilayer resist. 33. The method of claim 30 further comprising:
providing a microprocessor; and
providing an electrical pathway between the semiconductor device and the microprocessor to facilitate electrical communication therebetween. 34. The method of claim 30 wherein at least some of the spacers of the group having coplanar upper surfaces overlying the layer to be etched. 35. The method of claim 30 wherein the forming the spacer material and the etching of the spacer material is performed in a series of deposition and removal steps. 36. The method of claim 35 wherein a first step in the series comprises depositing a first material upon the layer to be etched and a first conformal layer upon the first material. 37. The method of claim 36 wherein a second step in the series comprises removing the first material and portion of the conformal layer to define a first set of pillars. 38. The method of claim 37 wherein a third step in the series comprises depositing a second conformal layer upon at least two of the pillars to form at least two groups of three spacers. 39. The method of claim 38 wherein a fourth step in the series comprises depositing a third conformal layer upon the two groups of three spacers. 40. The method of claim 39 further comprising etching one or more of the groups to form the three spacer and two anti-spacers. | 2,400 |
349,419 | 16,806,992 | 2,468 | Apparatus and methods for delivery of content in a packetized network. In one embodiment, content and/or services can be associated with an IP address. The IP address may be assigned to multiple server devices disposed at geographically diverse locations. Delivery caches may advertise, via a routing protocol, one or more addresses to clients of the network. Route selection may be configured based on one or more rules such as geographical proximity, available bandwidth, server availability, server load, delivery cost, client subscription level, licensing rules, and/or other metric. Delivery caches may be configured to control their availability and/or load through IP address withdrawals and announcements. When the “closest” delivery cache may become unavailable (e.g., it is not announcing the IP address for the content the client is trying to obtain, a route to the next “closest” available delivery cache may be utilized. | 1.-20. (canceled) 21. A computerized method of operating a packet content distribution network having a plurality of computerized client devices and a plurality of digital content sources each in data communication with the packet content distribution network, the computerized method comprising:
assigning an Internet Protocol (IP) address to a digitally rendered content element and each of the plurality of content sources; providing the IP address to at least some of the plurality of computerized client devices; receiving data representative of individual requests for the digitally rendered content element from respective ones of the plurality of computerized content devices; selecting one of a plurality of advertised routes within the packet content distribution network, wherein the selecting of the one of the plurality of advertised routes comprises selecting the one of the plurality of advertised routes based at least in part on minimizing a geographic distance between at least one of the plurality of content sources and the requesting ones of the plurality of computerized content devices; and routing each of the individual requests to the at least one of the plurality of digital content sources according to the selected one of the plurality of advertised routes. 22. The computerized method of claim 21, further comprising advertising the digitally rendered content element to the plurality of computerized content devices;
wherein the assigning of the IP address and the selecting cooperate to allow the advertising of the digitally rendered content element to the plurality of computerized content devices to be decoupled or abstracted from the selected one of the plurality of advertised routes. 23. The computerized method of claim 21, wherein the receiving the data representative of the individual requests for the digitally rendered content element comprises receiving data representative of individual requests for at least an interactive application comprising a multiuser video game. 24. The computerized method of claim 21, wherein the assigning of the IP address to the digitally rendered content element and each of the plurality of digital content sources is based at least on a list of valid addresses provided to authenticated ones of the plurality of computerized client devices. 25. The computerized method of claim 21, wherein the assigning of the IP address to the digitally rendered content element and each of the plurality of digital content sources is based at least on a domain name system protocol. 26.-31. (canceled) 32. Computer readable apparatus comprising a non-transitory storage apparatus, the non-transitory storage apparatus comprising at least one computer program having a plurality of instructions, the plurality of instructions configured to, when executed on a digital processing apparatus of a device within a content delivery network:
assign an address to digitally rendered content; assign the address assigned to the digitally rendered content to two or more nodes of the content delivery network, wherein individual ones of the two or more nodes are configured to deliver the digitally rendered content to a computerized client device of the content delivery network; advertise two or more routes associated with the two or more nodes, individual ones of the two or more routes being characterized by the address; and cause provision, via a delivery cache, of the digitally rendered content to the computerized client device, the causation of the provision based at least in part on the digitally rendered content being available at the delivery cache; wherein the provision of the digitally rendered content to the computerized client device comprises at least one content backfill operation performed between a first tier cache and the delivery cache. 33. The computer readable apparatus of claim 32, wherein:
the assignment of the address to the digitally rendered content is based at least in part on a distribution of a list of valid addresses to the computerized client device pursuant to an authentication of the computerized client device to the content delivery network. 34. The computer readable apparatus of claim 32, wherein the plurality of instructions are further configured to, when executed on the digital processing apparatus:
based at least in part on a change to the two or more routes during an active session, establish a new session; and wherein the provision of the digitally rendered content to the computerized client device occurs via the new session. 35. The computer readable apparatus of claim 32, wherein the advertisement of the two or more routes comprises placement of the two or more routes into at least one of two or more routing tables respectively associated with the two or more nodes, the two or more routing tables stored in at least one cloud-based storage entity. 36. The computer readable apparatus of claim 32, wherein:
the two or more routes comprise a pool of active routes; and the delivery cache is configured to, upon detection of a failed route, effectuate withdrawal of the failed route from the pool of active routes based at least on a determination of the existence of an active route to prevent stranding of the address. 37. The computer readable apparatus of claim 36, wherein the withdrawal of the failed route comprises removal effectuated by a discontinuation of an Internet Protocol (IP) address advertisement of the failed route. 38. A content delivery network, comprising:
a plurality of nodes, the plurality of nodes configured to deliver digitally rendered content to a plurality of computerized client devices via a plurality of respective routes; and an end-host node, the end-host node in data communication via a data communications protocol with individual ones of the plurality of nodes; wherein the end-host node is configured to communicate, via the data communications protocol, one or more respective content delivery rules to individual ones of the plurality of nodes, the one or more content delivery rules configured to modify at least a portion of the plurality of routes. 39. The content delivery network of claim 38, further comprising:
a delivery cache in data communication with at least one of the plurality of computerized client devices, the delivery cache configured to effectuate the delivery of at least a portion of the digitally rendered content to the at least one of the plurality of computerized client devices; and a first tier cache in data communication with the delivery cache, the first tier cache configured to effectuate the delivery of the at least portion of the digitally rendered content to the delivery cache; and wherein:
the delivery cache is accessible by the at least one of the plurality of computerized client devices via any one of a range of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses; and
the first tier cache is accessible by the delivery cache via any one of at least one subset range of the range of IP addresses. 40. The content delivery network of claim 39, wherein the content delivery network is further configured to utilize a pool of active routes associated with at least one network address; and
wherein the delivery cache is further configured to, upon detection of a failed route of the pool of active routes, effectuate withdrawal of the failed route from the pool of active routes based at least on an identification of an active route of the pool of active routes, wherein the pool of active routes is dynamically updated to reduce a probability of an interruption of the delivery of the digitally rendered content to the at least one of the plurality of computerized client devices. 41. The content delivery network of claim 38, wherein:
the plurality of nodes comprise a first portion of the plurality of nodes and a second portion of the plurality of nodes; the communication of the content delivery rule is based at least in part on a determination by the end-host node of a content distribution configuration, the content distribution configuration being characterized by at least a first content delivery reliability and a second content delivery reliability; the communication of the content delivery rule is configured to convey to: (i) nodes of the first portion of the plurality of nodes, data related to the first content delivery reliability, and (ii) to nodes of the second portion of the plurality of nodes, data related to the second content delivery reliability; and the first content delivery reliability comprises a reliability level that is higher than a reliability level associated with the second content delivery reliability. 42. The content delivery network of claim 38, wherein the delivery of the digitally rendered content to the plurality of computerized client devices comprises causing delivery of over-the-top (OTT) content sourced from a third-party server apparatus in data communication with the content delivery network. 43. The content delivery network of claim 38, further comprising a computerized network apparatus comprising at least a digital processing apparatus configured to execute computerized logic, the computerized logic configured to cause the computerized network apparatus to:
receive data representative of a request for the digitally rendered content from at least one of the plurality of computerized client devices; cause routing, via at least use of a closest-route rule, of the data representative of the request to a first-tier delivery cache in a network cache hierarchy; and based on a determination that the digitally rendered content is not available at the first-tier delivery cache, determine whether one or more second-tier delivery caches of the network cache hierarchy may be accessed, the one or more second-tier delivery caches requiring more hops for the delivery of the digitally rendered content to the from at least one of the plurality of computerized client devices than the first-tier delivery cache; and wherein the modification comprises routing of the data representative of the request to at least one of the one or more second-tier delivery caches based on: (i) a determination that the at least one of the one or more second-tier delivery caches can be accessed, and (ii) a determination that the digitally rendered content is available at the at least one of the one or more second-tier delivery caches. 44. The content delivery network of claim 38, further comprising a resolution layer (RL);
wherein the RL is configured to:
receive data relating to one or more additions or withdrawals of one or more of the plurality of routes, respectively; and
based at least on the data relating to the one or more additions or withdrawals, update data relating to a pool of resolvable routes. 45. The content delivery network of claim 38, wherein the content delivery rule is based at least on a proximity measure between at least a portion of the plurality of computerized client devices and at least a portion of the plurality of nodes, wherein the proximity measure causes delivery of the digitally rendered content to one or more of the plurality of computerized client devices via a first portion of the plurality of nodes based on the first portion being characterized by a first distance to the portion of the plurality of computerized client devices that is shorter than a second distance between the portion of the plurality of computerized client devices and a second portion of the plurality of nodes. 46. The content delivery network of claim 38, further comprising a fallback network entity configured to advertise secondary ones of the plurality of respective routes with an route metric that is increased relative to a route metric associated with advertisement of primary ones of the plurality of respective routes, wherein the fallback network entity is prevented from routing based on an availability of at least one of the primary ones of the plurality of respective routes. | Apparatus and methods for delivery of content in a packetized network. In one embodiment, content and/or services can be associated with an IP address. The IP address may be assigned to multiple server devices disposed at geographically diverse locations. Delivery caches may advertise, via a routing protocol, one or more addresses to clients of the network. Route selection may be configured based on one or more rules such as geographical proximity, available bandwidth, server availability, server load, delivery cost, client subscription level, licensing rules, and/or other metric. Delivery caches may be configured to control their availability and/or load through IP address withdrawals and announcements. When the “closest” delivery cache may become unavailable (e.g., it is not announcing the IP address for the content the client is trying to obtain, a route to the next “closest” available delivery cache may be utilized.1.-20. (canceled) 21. A computerized method of operating a packet content distribution network having a plurality of computerized client devices and a plurality of digital content sources each in data communication with the packet content distribution network, the computerized method comprising:
assigning an Internet Protocol (IP) address to a digitally rendered content element and each of the plurality of content sources; providing the IP address to at least some of the plurality of computerized client devices; receiving data representative of individual requests for the digitally rendered content element from respective ones of the plurality of computerized content devices; selecting one of a plurality of advertised routes within the packet content distribution network, wherein the selecting of the one of the plurality of advertised routes comprises selecting the one of the plurality of advertised routes based at least in part on minimizing a geographic distance between at least one of the plurality of content sources and the requesting ones of the plurality of computerized content devices; and routing each of the individual requests to the at least one of the plurality of digital content sources according to the selected one of the plurality of advertised routes. 22. The computerized method of claim 21, further comprising advertising the digitally rendered content element to the plurality of computerized content devices;
wherein the assigning of the IP address and the selecting cooperate to allow the advertising of the digitally rendered content element to the plurality of computerized content devices to be decoupled or abstracted from the selected one of the plurality of advertised routes. 23. The computerized method of claim 21, wherein the receiving the data representative of the individual requests for the digitally rendered content element comprises receiving data representative of individual requests for at least an interactive application comprising a multiuser video game. 24. The computerized method of claim 21, wherein the assigning of the IP address to the digitally rendered content element and each of the plurality of digital content sources is based at least on a list of valid addresses provided to authenticated ones of the plurality of computerized client devices. 25. The computerized method of claim 21, wherein the assigning of the IP address to the digitally rendered content element and each of the plurality of digital content sources is based at least on a domain name system protocol. 26.-31. (canceled) 32. Computer readable apparatus comprising a non-transitory storage apparatus, the non-transitory storage apparatus comprising at least one computer program having a plurality of instructions, the plurality of instructions configured to, when executed on a digital processing apparatus of a device within a content delivery network:
assign an address to digitally rendered content; assign the address assigned to the digitally rendered content to two or more nodes of the content delivery network, wherein individual ones of the two or more nodes are configured to deliver the digitally rendered content to a computerized client device of the content delivery network; advertise two or more routes associated with the two or more nodes, individual ones of the two or more routes being characterized by the address; and cause provision, via a delivery cache, of the digitally rendered content to the computerized client device, the causation of the provision based at least in part on the digitally rendered content being available at the delivery cache; wherein the provision of the digitally rendered content to the computerized client device comprises at least one content backfill operation performed between a first tier cache and the delivery cache. 33. The computer readable apparatus of claim 32, wherein:
the assignment of the address to the digitally rendered content is based at least in part on a distribution of a list of valid addresses to the computerized client device pursuant to an authentication of the computerized client device to the content delivery network. 34. The computer readable apparatus of claim 32, wherein the plurality of instructions are further configured to, when executed on the digital processing apparatus:
based at least in part on a change to the two or more routes during an active session, establish a new session; and wherein the provision of the digitally rendered content to the computerized client device occurs via the new session. 35. The computer readable apparatus of claim 32, wherein the advertisement of the two or more routes comprises placement of the two or more routes into at least one of two or more routing tables respectively associated with the two or more nodes, the two or more routing tables stored in at least one cloud-based storage entity. 36. The computer readable apparatus of claim 32, wherein:
the two or more routes comprise a pool of active routes; and the delivery cache is configured to, upon detection of a failed route, effectuate withdrawal of the failed route from the pool of active routes based at least on a determination of the existence of an active route to prevent stranding of the address. 37. The computer readable apparatus of claim 36, wherein the withdrawal of the failed route comprises removal effectuated by a discontinuation of an Internet Protocol (IP) address advertisement of the failed route. 38. A content delivery network, comprising:
a plurality of nodes, the plurality of nodes configured to deliver digitally rendered content to a plurality of computerized client devices via a plurality of respective routes; and an end-host node, the end-host node in data communication via a data communications protocol with individual ones of the plurality of nodes; wherein the end-host node is configured to communicate, via the data communications protocol, one or more respective content delivery rules to individual ones of the plurality of nodes, the one or more content delivery rules configured to modify at least a portion of the plurality of routes. 39. The content delivery network of claim 38, further comprising:
a delivery cache in data communication with at least one of the plurality of computerized client devices, the delivery cache configured to effectuate the delivery of at least a portion of the digitally rendered content to the at least one of the plurality of computerized client devices; and a first tier cache in data communication with the delivery cache, the first tier cache configured to effectuate the delivery of the at least portion of the digitally rendered content to the delivery cache; and wherein:
the delivery cache is accessible by the at least one of the plurality of computerized client devices via any one of a range of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses; and
the first tier cache is accessible by the delivery cache via any one of at least one subset range of the range of IP addresses. 40. The content delivery network of claim 39, wherein the content delivery network is further configured to utilize a pool of active routes associated with at least one network address; and
wherein the delivery cache is further configured to, upon detection of a failed route of the pool of active routes, effectuate withdrawal of the failed route from the pool of active routes based at least on an identification of an active route of the pool of active routes, wherein the pool of active routes is dynamically updated to reduce a probability of an interruption of the delivery of the digitally rendered content to the at least one of the plurality of computerized client devices. 41. The content delivery network of claim 38, wherein:
the plurality of nodes comprise a first portion of the plurality of nodes and a second portion of the plurality of nodes; the communication of the content delivery rule is based at least in part on a determination by the end-host node of a content distribution configuration, the content distribution configuration being characterized by at least a first content delivery reliability and a second content delivery reliability; the communication of the content delivery rule is configured to convey to: (i) nodes of the first portion of the plurality of nodes, data related to the first content delivery reliability, and (ii) to nodes of the second portion of the plurality of nodes, data related to the second content delivery reliability; and the first content delivery reliability comprises a reliability level that is higher than a reliability level associated with the second content delivery reliability. 42. The content delivery network of claim 38, wherein the delivery of the digitally rendered content to the plurality of computerized client devices comprises causing delivery of over-the-top (OTT) content sourced from a third-party server apparatus in data communication with the content delivery network. 43. The content delivery network of claim 38, further comprising a computerized network apparatus comprising at least a digital processing apparatus configured to execute computerized logic, the computerized logic configured to cause the computerized network apparatus to:
receive data representative of a request for the digitally rendered content from at least one of the plurality of computerized client devices; cause routing, via at least use of a closest-route rule, of the data representative of the request to a first-tier delivery cache in a network cache hierarchy; and based on a determination that the digitally rendered content is not available at the first-tier delivery cache, determine whether one or more second-tier delivery caches of the network cache hierarchy may be accessed, the one or more second-tier delivery caches requiring more hops for the delivery of the digitally rendered content to the from at least one of the plurality of computerized client devices than the first-tier delivery cache; and wherein the modification comprises routing of the data representative of the request to at least one of the one or more second-tier delivery caches based on: (i) a determination that the at least one of the one or more second-tier delivery caches can be accessed, and (ii) a determination that the digitally rendered content is available at the at least one of the one or more second-tier delivery caches. 44. The content delivery network of claim 38, further comprising a resolution layer (RL);
wherein the RL is configured to:
receive data relating to one or more additions or withdrawals of one or more of the plurality of routes, respectively; and
based at least on the data relating to the one or more additions or withdrawals, update data relating to a pool of resolvable routes. 45. The content delivery network of claim 38, wherein the content delivery rule is based at least on a proximity measure between at least a portion of the plurality of computerized client devices and at least a portion of the plurality of nodes, wherein the proximity measure causes delivery of the digitally rendered content to one or more of the plurality of computerized client devices via a first portion of the plurality of nodes based on the first portion being characterized by a first distance to the portion of the plurality of computerized client devices that is shorter than a second distance between the portion of the plurality of computerized client devices and a second portion of the plurality of nodes. 46. The content delivery network of claim 38, further comprising a fallback network entity configured to advertise secondary ones of the plurality of respective routes with an route metric that is increased relative to a route metric associated with advertisement of primary ones of the plurality of respective routes, wherein the fallback network entity is prevented from routing based on an availability of at least one of the primary ones of the plurality of respective routes. | 2,400 |
349,420 | 16,807,001 | 2,468 | The embodiments of the disclosure provide a display assembly and a mobile terminal, relate to a technical field of mobile terminal. The display assembly includes a display screen and a positioning member. The display screen may include a display panel and a backlight module. The backlight module may include a base plate. The display screen defines a light transmitting hole at least penetrating through the backlight module, the light transmitting hole is configured for accommodate the functional device. The positioning member is formed on a side of the base plate facing away from the display panel and located at a periphery of the light transmitting hole. | 1. A display assembly, comprising:
a functional device; a display screen, comprising
a display panel, comprising a display surface;
a backlight module, comprising a base plate, the base plate comprising a bottom surface being substantially parallel to and facing away from the display surface, wherein the display screen defines a light transmitting hole at least penetrating through the backlight module, and the light transmitting hole is configured to accommodate the functional device; and
an inner frame, disposed along an inner surface of the light transmitting hole to surround the functional device and fixedly connected to the base plate; and
a positioning member, being protruded out from the bottom surface of the base plate toward a direction away from the display panel and located at a periphery of the light transmitting hole, and the positioning member being configured to limit a movement of the functional device along a direction parallel to the base plate. 2. The display assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the positioning member is molded on the base plate by in-mold molding. 3. The display assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base plate defines a through hole, the through hole is communicated with the light transmitting hole and is coaxial with the light transmitting hole, an edge of the base plate surrounding the through hole is bent toward the display surface thereby forming a bending part, the bending part is embedded in the inner frame. 4. The display assembly as claimed in claim 3, wherein the inner frame and the base plate are integrally molded by in-mold molding. 5. The display assembly as claimed in claim 4, wherein the base plate and the positioning member, the base plate and the inner frame are molded by a same copper electrode. 6. The display assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the display panel comprises a display area and a non-display area, a position of the non-display area on the display panel corresponds to a position of the light transmitting hole on the backlight module, the display area is configured to display images, and the non-display area is configured to form an optical signal path between the functional device and the outside. 7. The display assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the positioning member comprises a supporting plate and a limit ring extending from the supporting plate toward a direction away from the display screen, and the supporting plate is fixed to the bottom surface. 8. The display assembly as claimed in claim 7, wherein the limit ring extends from a middle portion of the supporting plate away from the display screen. 9. The display assembly as claimed in claim 7, wherein the limit ring extends from an end of the supporting plate adjacent to light transmitting hole. 10. The display assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the positioning member defines an annular through hole, and the diameter of the annular through hole is equal to or larger than the diameter of the light transmitting hole. 11. The display assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the backlight module further comprises a reflective film, a light guide plate, and an anti-reflection film stacked on the base plate in order from top to bottom. 12. The display assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the positioning member comprises a plurality of sub-positioning members, and the plurality of sub-positioning members are spaced apart from each other. 13. The display assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein an axis of the light transmitting hole is perpendicular to the bottom surface. 14. The display assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light transmitting hole is disposed at a position close to an edge of the display screen. 15. A display assembly, comprising:
a display screen, comprising a display panel, a backlight module, and an inner frame, the display screen comprising a display surface, the backlight module comprising a base plate, the base plate comprising a bottom surface substantially parallel to and facing away from the display surface, wherein the display screen defines a light transmitting hole at least penetrating through the backlight module, the inner frame is disposed along an inner surface of the light transmitting hole and fixedly connected to the base plate; a positioning member, comprising a limit ring, the limit ring extending from the bottom surface of the base plate toward a direction away from the display panel and located at a periphery of the light transmitting hole; and a functional device, being received in the light transmitting hole and surrounded by the inner frame, the positioning member being configured to limit a movement of the functional device along a direction parallel to the base plate. 16. The display assembly as claimed in claim 15, wherein the positioning member is molded on the base plate by in-mold molding, the base plate defines a through hole, the through hole is communicated with the light transmitting hole and is coaxial with the light transmitting hole, an edge of the base plate surrounding the through hole is bent toward the display surface thereby forming a bending part, the bending part is embedded in the inner frame. 17. The display assembly as claimed in claim 15, wherein the functional device comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a projection component, a camera, a proximity light sensor, an earpiece, a distance sensor, an ambient light level sensor, a temperature sensor, and a pressure sensor. 18. The display assembly as claimed in claim 15, wherein the functional device comprises a front camera, the front camera faces the outside through the light transmitting hole. 19. A mobile terminal, comprising:
a display screen, comprising a display panel, a backlight module, and an inner frame, the backlight module comprising a base plate, wherein the display screen defines a light transmitting hole at least penetrating through the backlight module, the base plate comprising a bending part embedded in the inner frame, the inner frame is disposed along an inner surface of the light transmitting hole; a positioning member, comprising a limit ring, the limit ring being integrally formed on a bottom surface of the base plate facing away from the display panel and located at a periphery of the light transmitting hole; a functional device, installed in the light transmitting hole of the display assembly and surrounded by the inner frame and the limit ring; and a housing, the display screen, the positioning member, and at least part of the functional device being disposed in the housing. 20. The mobile terminal as claimed in claim 19, wherein the functional device comprises a front camera, the front camera faces the outside through the light transmitting hole. | The embodiments of the disclosure provide a display assembly and a mobile terminal, relate to a technical field of mobile terminal. The display assembly includes a display screen and a positioning member. The display screen may include a display panel and a backlight module. The backlight module may include a base plate. The display screen defines a light transmitting hole at least penetrating through the backlight module, the light transmitting hole is configured for accommodate the functional device. The positioning member is formed on a side of the base plate facing away from the display panel and located at a periphery of the light transmitting hole.1. A display assembly, comprising:
a functional device; a display screen, comprising
a display panel, comprising a display surface;
a backlight module, comprising a base plate, the base plate comprising a bottom surface being substantially parallel to and facing away from the display surface, wherein the display screen defines a light transmitting hole at least penetrating through the backlight module, and the light transmitting hole is configured to accommodate the functional device; and
an inner frame, disposed along an inner surface of the light transmitting hole to surround the functional device and fixedly connected to the base plate; and
a positioning member, being protruded out from the bottom surface of the base plate toward a direction away from the display panel and located at a periphery of the light transmitting hole, and the positioning member being configured to limit a movement of the functional device along a direction parallel to the base plate. 2. The display assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the positioning member is molded on the base plate by in-mold molding. 3. The display assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base plate defines a through hole, the through hole is communicated with the light transmitting hole and is coaxial with the light transmitting hole, an edge of the base plate surrounding the through hole is bent toward the display surface thereby forming a bending part, the bending part is embedded in the inner frame. 4. The display assembly as claimed in claim 3, wherein the inner frame and the base plate are integrally molded by in-mold molding. 5. The display assembly as claimed in claim 4, wherein the base plate and the positioning member, the base plate and the inner frame are molded by a same copper electrode. 6. The display assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the display panel comprises a display area and a non-display area, a position of the non-display area on the display panel corresponds to a position of the light transmitting hole on the backlight module, the display area is configured to display images, and the non-display area is configured to form an optical signal path between the functional device and the outside. 7. The display assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the positioning member comprises a supporting plate and a limit ring extending from the supporting plate toward a direction away from the display screen, and the supporting plate is fixed to the bottom surface. 8. The display assembly as claimed in claim 7, wherein the limit ring extends from a middle portion of the supporting plate away from the display screen. 9. The display assembly as claimed in claim 7, wherein the limit ring extends from an end of the supporting plate adjacent to light transmitting hole. 10. The display assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the positioning member defines an annular through hole, and the diameter of the annular through hole is equal to or larger than the diameter of the light transmitting hole. 11. The display assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the backlight module further comprises a reflective film, a light guide plate, and an anti-reflection film stacked on the base plate in order from top to bottom. 12. The display assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the positioning member comprises a plurality of sub-positioning members, and the plurality of sub-positioning members are spaced apart from each other. 13. The display assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein an axis of the light transmitting hole is perpendicular to the bottom surface. 14. The display assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light transmitting hole is disposed at a position close to an edge of the display screen. 15. A display assembly, comprising:
a display screen, comprising a display panel, a backlight module, and an inner frame, the display screen comprising a display surface, the backlight module comprising a base plate, the base plate comprising a bottom surface substantially parallel to and facing away from the display surface, wherein the display screen defines a light transmitting hole at least penetrating through the backlight module, the inner frame is disposed along an inner surface of the light transmitting hole and fixedly connected to the base plate; a positioning member, comprising a limit ring, the limit ring extending from the bottom surface of the base plate toward a direction away from the display panel and located at a periphery of the light transmitting hole; and a functional device, being received in the light transmitting hole and surrounded by the inner frame, the positioning member being configured to limit a movement of the functional device along a direction parallel to the base plate. 16. The display assembly as claimed in claim 15, wherein the positioning member is molded on the base plate by in-mold molding, the base plate defines a through hole, the through hole is communicated with the light transmitting hole and is coaxial with the light transmitting hole, an edge of the base plate surrounding the through hole is bent toward the display surface thereby forming a bending part, the bending part is embedded in the inner frame. 17. The display assembly as claimed in claim 15, wherein the functional device comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a projection component, a camera, a proximity light sensor, an earpiece, a distance sensor, an ambient light level sensor, a temperature sensor, and a pressure sensor. 18. The display assembly as claimed in claim 15, wherein the functional device comprises a front camera, the front camera faces the outside through the light transmitting hole. 19. A mobile terminal, comprising:
a display screen, comprising a display panel, a backlight module, and an inner frame, the backlight module comprising a base plate, wherein the display screen defines a light transmitting hole at least penetrating through the backlight module, the base plate comprising a bending part embedded in the inner frame, the inner frame is disposed along an inner surface of the light transmitting hole; a positioning member, comprising a limit ring, the limit ring being integrally formed on a bottom surface of the base plate facing away from the display panel and located at a periphery of the light transmitting hole; a functional device, installed in the light transmitting hole of the display assembly and surrounded by the inner frame and the limit ring; and a housing, the display screen, the positioning member, and at least part of the functional device being disposed in the housing. 20. The mobile terminal as claimed in claim 19, wherein the functional device comprises a front camera, the front camera faces the outside through the light transmitting hole. | 2,400 |
349,421 | 16,806,994 | 2,468 | A method of producing cannabinoids for use in medical treatments by growing cultured Cannabis sativa plant cells through tissue culture, the method comprising the steps of: selecting Cannabis sativa leaf tissue for culture; and growing a tissue culture from the selected leaf tissue in a liquid based medium whilst controlling the light exposure of the tissue culture to control the cannabinoid content of the tissue culture. Control of the light exposure can enable the phytocannabinoid content of the grown tissue culture to be tailored to the use intended for the tissue culture. For example, the THC content of the tissue culture can be controlled to be maximised or minimised depending on the intended use. Use of tissue culture is beneficial as compared to prior art methods as it allows for genetic consistency and reduces the resources necessary to produce plant cells containing phytocannabinoids. | 1. A method of producing cannabinoids for use in medical treatments by growing cultured Cannabis sativa plant cells through tissue culture, the method comprising the steps of:
selecting Cannabis sativa leaf tissue for culture; and growing a tissue culture from the selected leaf tissue in a liquid based medium whilst controlling the light exposure of the tissue culture to control the cannabinoid content of the tissue culture. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the light exposure is controlled such that tissue culture is constantly exposed to PAR during growth of the tissue culture. 3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the PAR is controlled to provide at least 0.2 moles of photons per day. 4. A method according to claim 2, wherein the PAR is controlled to provide 0.5 moles of photons per day. 5. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the light exposure is controlled such that the tissue culture is exposed to UV light during growth of the tissue culture. 6. A method according to claim 5, wherein the light exposure is controlled such that the tissue culture is exposed to UVA light during growth of the tissue culture. 7. A method according to claim 5, wherein the light exposure is controlled such that tissue culture is exposed to UVB light during growth of the tissue culture. 8. A method according to claim 5, wherein the UV light is controlled during growth of the tissue culture such that the tissue culture is exposed to UV light of an intensity greater or equal to 1200 lumens but less than 2000 lumens and the UV light exposure is cycled through alternating periods of exposure and darkness; wherein each period of exposure is at least 30 minutes and each period of darkness is at least 30 minutes. 9. A method according to claim 8, wherein each period of exposure is equal to or less than one hour and each period of darkness is equal to or less than one hour. 10. A method according to claim 8, wherein the intensity of the UV light is less than or equal to 2000 lumens. 11. A method according to claim 5, wherein the UV light is controlled during growth of the tissue culture such that the tissue culture is constantly exposed to UV light of an intensity equal to or less than 1200 lumens. 12. A method according to claim 10, wherein the UV light has an intensity equal to or less than 600 lumens. 13. A method according to claim 1, wherein during growing the tissue culture is maintained at a temperature between 25° C. and 30° C. 14. A method according to claim 13, wherein during growing the tissue culture is maintained at a temperature of 27° C. 15. A method according to claim 1, wherein the tissue culture is grown for between 10 and 28 days. 16. A method according to claim 15, wherein the tissue culture is grown for 14 days. 17. A method according to claim 1, wherein the tissue culture is agitated during growth of the tissue culture. 18. A method according to claim 1, wherein the CO2 content of the environment in which the tissue culture is grown is controlled to increase tissue growth. 19. A method according to claim 1, comprising the further step of collecting and freeze-drying the tissue culture after growing. 20. A method according to claim 1, wherein the selected Cannabis sativa leaf tissue was previously grown in a liquid based medium whilst controlling the light exposure of the tissue culture to control the cannabinoid content of the tissue culture. 21. A method of claim 1, wherein the cannabinoid is THC. | A method of producing cannabinoids for use in medical treatments by growing cultured Cannabis sativa plant cells through tissue culture, the method comprising the steps of: selecting Cannabis sativa leaf tissue for culture; and growing a tissue culture from the selected leaf tissue in a liquid based medium whilst controlling the light exposure of the tissue culture to control the cannabinoid content of the tissue culture. Control of the light exposure can enable the phytocannabinoid content of the grown tissue culture to be tailored to the use intended for the tissue culture. For example, the THC content of the tissue culture can be controlled to be maximised or minimised depending on the intended use. Use of tissue culture is beneficial as compared to prior art methods as it allows for genetic consistency and reduces the resources necessary to produce plant cells containing phytocannabinoids.1. A method of producing cannabinoids for use in medical treatments by growing cultured Cannabis sativa plant cells through tissue culture, the method comprising the steps of:
selecting Cannabis sativa leaf tissue for culture; and growing a tissue culture from the selected leaf tissue in a liquid based medium whilst controlling the light exposure of the tissue culture to control the cannabinoid content of the tissue culture. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the light exposure is controlled such that tissue culture is constantly exposed to PAR during growth of the tissue culture. 3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the PAR is controlled to provide at least 0.2 moles of photons per day. 4. A method according to claim 2, wherein the PAR is controlled to provide 0.5 moles of photons per day. 5. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the light exposure is controlled such that the tissue culture is exposed to UV light during growth of the tissue culture. 6. A method according to claim 5, wherein the light exposure is controlled such that the tissue culture is exposed to UVA light during growth of the tissue culture. 7. A method according to claim 5, wherein the light exposure is controlled such that tissue culture is exposed to UVB light during growth of the tissue culture. 8. A method according to claim 5, wherein the UV light is controlled during growth of the tissue culture such that the tissue culture is exposed to UV light of an intensity greater or equal to 1200 lumens but less than 2000 lumens and the UV light exposure is cycled through alternating periods of exposure and darkness; wherein each period of exposure is at least 30 minutes and each period of darkness is at least 30 minutes. 9. A method according to claim 8, wherein each period of exposure is equal to or less than one hour and each period of darkness is equal to or less than one hour. 10. A method according to claim 8, wherein the intensity of the UV light is less than or equal to 2000 lumens. 11. A method according to claim 5, wherein the UV light is controlled during growth of the tissue culture such that the tissue culture is constantly exposed to UV light of an intensity equal to or less than 1200 lumens. 12. A method according to claim 10, wherein the UV light has an intensity equal to or less than 600 lumens. 13. A method according to claim 1, wherein during growing the tissue culture is maintained at a temperature between 25° C. and 30° C. 14. A method according to claim 13, wherein during growing the tissue culture is maintained at a temperature of 27° C. 15. A method according to claim 1, wherein the tissue culture is grown for between 10 and 28 days. 16. A method according to claim 15, wherein the tissue culture is grown for 14 days. 17. A method according to claim 1, wherein the tissue culture is agitated during growth of the tissue culture. 18. A method according to claim 1, wherein the CO2 content of the environment in which the tissue culture is grown is controlled to increase tissue growth. 19. A method according to claim 1, comprising the further step of collecting and freeze-drying the tissue culture after growing. 20. A method according to claim 1, wherein the selected Cannabis sativa leaf tissue was previously grown in a liquid based medium whilst controlling the light exposure of the tissue culture to control the cannabinoid content of the tissue culture. 21. A method of claim 1, wherein the cannabinoid is THC. | 2,400 |
349,422 | 16,807,019 | 2,468 | An optical cup which mixes multiple channels of light to form a blended output, the device having discreet zones or channels including a plurality of reflective cavities each having a remote phosphor light converting appliance covering a cluster of LEDs providing a channel of light which is reflected upward. The predetermined blends of phosphors provide a predetermined range of illumination wavelengths in the output. | 1. A method of blending multiple light channels to produce a preselected illumination spectrum of substantially white light, the method comprising:
altering the illumination produced by a first LED illumination source by passing the illumination produced by the first LED illumination source through a first photoluminescence material to produce a blue channel preselected spectral output; altering the illumination produced by the second LED illumination source by passing the illumination produced by a second LED illumination source through a photoluminescence material to produce a red channel preselected spectral output; altering the illumination produced by the third LED illumination source by passing the illumination produced by a third LED illumination source through a third photoluminescence material to produce a yellow/green channel preselected spectral output; altering the illumination produced by the fourth LED illumination source by passing the illumination produced by a fourth LED illumination source through a fourth photoluminescence material to produce a cyan channel preselected spectral output; blending the blue, red, yellow/green, and cyan spectral outputs as the blue, red, yellow/green, and cyan spectral outputs; wherein the first, second, and third LED illumination sources are blue LEDs and the fourth LED illumination is cyan LEDs; wherein the blue LEDs have a substantially 440-475 nm output and the cyan LEDs have a substantially 490-515 nm output; and wherein the first, second, third, and fourth LED illumination sources_each comprise a plurality of photoluminescence materials, the plurality of photoluminescence materials comprising:
one or more of a first type of photoluminescence material that emits light at a peak emission between about 515 nm and 590 nm in response to the associated LED string emission, and
one or more of a second type of photoluminescence material that emits light at a peak emission between about 590 nm and about 700 nm in response to the associated LED string emission. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the one or more of the first type of photoluminescence material comprises at least one photoluminescent material selected from Phosphors “A”, “B”, and “D”;
Phosphor “A” is Cerium doped lutetium aluminum garnet (Lu3Al5O12) with an emission peak range of 530-540 nm;
Phosphor “B” is Cerium doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O12) with an emission peak range of 545-555 nm; and
Phosphor “D” is GBAM: BaMgAl10O17:Eu with an emission peak range of 520-530 nm. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the one or more of the second type of photoluminescence material comprises at least one photoluminescent material selected from Phosphors “C”, “E”, and “F”;
Phosphor “C” is Cerium doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O12) with an emission peak range of 645-655 nm;
Phosphor “E” is any semiconductor quantum dot material of appropriate size for an emission peak range of 625-635 nm; and
Phosphor “F” is any semiconductor quantum dot material of appropriate size for an emission peak range of 605-615 nm. 4. The method of claim 2 wherein:
the one or more of the second type of photoluminescence material comprises at least one photoluminescent material selected from Phosphors “C”, “E”, and “F”;
Phosphor “C” is Cerium doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O12) with an emission peak range of 645-655 nm;
Phosphor “E” is any semiconductor quantum dot material of appropriate size for an emission peak range of 625-635 nm; and
Phosphor “F” is any semiconductor quantum dot material of appropriate size for an emission peak range of 605-615 nm. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the spectral output of the blue channel is substantially 32.8% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 66.5% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 25.7% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 36.6% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 39.7% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 36.1% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 15.5% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 5.9% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 2.1% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the spectral output of the red channel is substantially 3.9% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 6.9% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 3.2% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 7.9% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 14% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 55% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 61.8% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 25.1% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 7.7% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the spectral output of the yellow/green channel is substantially 1% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 1.9% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 5.9% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 67.8% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 95% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 85.2% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 48.1% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 18.3% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 5.6% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the spectral output of the cyan channel is substantially 0.2% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 0.8% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 49.2% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 58.4% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 41.6% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 28.1% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 13.7% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 4.5% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 1.1% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the spectral output of the channels are substantially:
32.8% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 66.5% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 25.7% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 36.6% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 39.7% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 36.1% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 15.5% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 5.9% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 2.1% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm for the blue channel;
3.9% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 6.9% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 3.2% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 7.9% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 14% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 55% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 61.8% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 25.1% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 7.7% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm for the red channel;
1% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 1.9% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 5.9% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 67.8% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 95% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 85.2% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 48.1% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 18.3% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 5.6% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm for the yellow/green channel; and,
0.2% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 0.8% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 49.2% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 58.4% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 41.6% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 28.1% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 13.7% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 4.5% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 1.1% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm for the cyan channel. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing a common housing with an open top and openings at the bottom, each bottom opening placed over an LED illumination source; and
placing a domed lumo converting appliance (DLCA) over each bottom opening and over each LED illumination source. 11. A method of blending multiple light channels to produce a preselected illumination spectrum of substantially white light, the method comprising:
altering the illumination produced by the first LED illumination source by passing the illumination produced by a first LED illumination source through a first photoluminescence material to produce a blue channel preselected spectral output; altering the illumination produced by the second LED illumination source by passing the illumination produced by a second LED illumination source through a second photoluminescence material to produce a red channel preselected spectral output; altering the illumination produced by the third LED illumination source by passing the illumination produced by a third LED illumination source through a third photoluminescence material to produce a yellow/green channel preselected spectral output; altering the illumination produced by the fourth LED illumination source by passing the illumination produced by a fourth LED illumination source through a fourth photoluminescence material to produce a cyan channel preselected spectral output; blending the blue, red, yellow/green and cyan spectral outputs as the blue, red, yellow/green and cyan spectral outputs; wherein the first, second, and third LED illumination sources are blue LEDs and the fourth LED illumination is cyan LEDs; wherein the blue LEDs have a substantially 440-475 nm output and the cyan LEDs have a substantially 490-515 nm output; and wherein the first, second, third, and fourth LCAs each comprise a plurality of photoluminescence materials, the plurality of photoluminescence materials comprising:
one or more of a first type of photoluminescence material that emits light at a peak emission between about 515 nm and 590 nm in response to the associated LED string emission, and
one or more of a second type of photoluminescence material that emits light at a peak emission between about 590 nm and about 700 nm in response to the associated LED string emission. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the one or more of the first type of photoluminescence material comprises at least one photoluminescent material selected from Phosphors “A”, “B”, and “D”; Phosphor “A” is Cerium doped lutetium aluminum garnet (Lu3Al5O12) with an emission peak range of 530-540 nm; Phosphor “B” is Cerium doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O12) with an emission peak range of 545-555 nm; and Phosphor “D” is GBAM: BaMgAl10O17:Eu with an emission peak range of 520-530 nm. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein:
the one or more of the second type of photoluminescence material comprises at least one photoluminescent material selected from Phosphors “C”, “E”, and “F”; Phosphor “C” is Cerium doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O12) with an emission peak range of 645-655 nm; Phosphor “E” is any semiconductor quantum dot material of appropriate size for an emission peak range of 625-635 nm; and Phosphor “F” is any semiconductor quantum dot material of appropriate size for an emission peak range of 605-615 nm. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the one or more of the second type of photoluminescence material comprises at least one photoluminescent material selected from Phosphors “C”, “E”, and “F”; Phosphor “C” is Cerium doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O12) with an emission peak range of 645-655 nm; Phosphor “E” is any semiconductor quantum dot material of appropriate size for an emission peak range of 625-635 nm; and Phosphor “F” is any semiconductor quantum dot material of appropriate size for an emission peak range of 605-615 nm. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the spectral output of the blue channel is substantially 32.8% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 66.5% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 25.7% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 36.6% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 39.7% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 36.1% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 15.5% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 5.9% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 2.1% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the spectral output of the red channel is substantially 3.9% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 6.9% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 3.2% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 7.9% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 14% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 55% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 61.8% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 25.1% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 7.7% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the spectral output of the yellow/green channel is substantially 1% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 1.9% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 5.9% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 67.8% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 95% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 85.2% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 48.1% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 18.3% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 5.6% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the spectral output of the cyan channel is substantially 0.2% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 0.8% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 49.2% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 58.4% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 41.6% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 28.1% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 13.7% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 4.5% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 1.1% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the spectral output of the channels are substantially:
32.8% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 66.5% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 25.7% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 36.6% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 39.7% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 36.1% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 15.5% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 5.9% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 2.1% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm for the blue channel; 3.9% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 6.9% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 3.2% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 7.9% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 14% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 55% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 61.8% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 25.1% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 7.7% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm for the red channel; 1% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 1.9% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 5.9% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 67.8% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 95% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 85.2% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 48.1% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 18.3% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 5.6% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm for the yellow/green channel; and, 0.2% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 0.8% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 49.2% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 58.4% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 41.6% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 28.1% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 13.7% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 4.5% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 1.1% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm for the cyan channel. 20. The method of claim 11, further comprising providing a common housing with an open top and openings at the bottom, each bottom opening placed over an LED illumination source; and
placing a domed lumo converting appliance (DLCA) over each bottom opening and over each LED illumination source. | An optical cup which mixes multiple channels of light to form a blended output, the device having discreet zones or channels including a plurality of reflective cavities each having a remote phosphor light converting appliance covering a cluster of LEDs providing a channel of light which is reflected upward. The predetermined blends of phosphors provide a predetermined range of illumination wavelengths in the output.1. A method of blending multiple light channels to produce a preselected illumination spectrum of substantially white light, the method comprising:
altering the illumination produced by a first LED illumination source by passing the illumination produced by the first LED illumination source through a first photoluminescence material to produce a blue channel preselected spectral output; altering the illumination produced by the second LED illumination source by passing the illumination produced by a second LED illumination source through a photoluminescence material to produce a red channel preselected spectral output; altering the illumination produced by the third LED illumination source by passing the illumination produced by a third LED illumination source through a third photoluminescence material to produce a yellow/green channel preselected spectral output; altering the illumination produced by the fourth LED illumination source by passing the illumination produced by a fourth LED illumination source through a fourth photoluminescence material to produce a cyan channel preselected spectral output; blending the blue, red, yellow/green, and cyan spectral outputs as the blue, red, yellow/green, and cyan spectral outputs; wherein the first, second, and third LED illumination sources are blue LEDs and the fourth LED illumination is cyan LEDs; wherein the blue LEDs have a substantially 440-475 nm output and the cyan LEDs have a substantially 490-515 nm output; and wherein the first, second, third, and fourth LED illumination sources_each comprise a plurality of photoluminescence materials, the plurality of photoluminescence materials comprising:
one or more of a first type of photoluminescence material that emits light at a peak emission between about 515 nm and 590 nm in response to the associated LED string emission, and
one or more of a second type of photoluminescence material that emits light at a peak emission between about 590 nm and about 700 nm in response to the associated LED string emission. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the one or more of the first type of photoluminescence material comprises at least one photoluminescent material selected from Phosphors “A”, “B”, and “D”;
Phosphor “A” is Cerium doped lutetium aluminum garnet (Lu3Al5O12) with an emission peak range of 530-540 nm;
Phosphor “B” is Cerium doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O12) with an emission peak range of 545-555 nm; and
Phosphor “D” is GBAM: BaMgAl10O17:Eu with an emission peak range of 520-530 nm. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the one or more of the second type of photoluminescence material comprises at least one photoluminescent material selected from Phosphors “C”, “E”, and “F”;
Phosphor “C” is Cerium doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O12) with an emission peak range of 645-655 nm;
Phosphor “E” is any semiconductor quantum dot material of appropriate size for an emission peak range of 625-635 nm; and
Phosphor “F” is any semiconductor quantum dot material of appropriate size for an emission peak range of 605-615 nm. 4. The method of claim 2 wherein:
the one or more of the second type of photoluminescence material comprises at least one photoluminescent material selected from Phosphors “C”, “E”, and “F”;
Phosphor “C” is Cerium doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O12) with an emission peak range of 645-655 nm;
Phosphor “E” is any semiconductor quantum dot material of appropriate size for an emission peak range of 625-635 nm; and
Phosphor “F” is any semiconductor quantum dot material of appropriate size for an emission peak range of 605-615 nm. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the spectral output of the blue channel is substantially 32.8% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 66.5% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 25.7% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 36.6% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 39.7% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 36.1% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 15.5% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 5.9% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 2.1% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the spectral output of the red channel is substantially 3.9% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 6.9% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 3.2% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 7.9% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 14% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 55% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 61.8% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 25.1% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 7.7% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the spectral output of the yellow/green channel is substantially 1% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 1.9% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 5.9% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 67.8% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 95% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 85.2% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 48.1% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 18.3% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 5.6% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the spectral output of the cyan channel is substantially 0.2% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 0.8% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 49.2% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 58.4% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 41.6% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 28.1% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 13.7% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 4.5% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 1.1% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the spectral output of the channels are substantially:
32.8% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 66.5% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 25.7% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 36.6% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 39.7% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 36.1% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 15.5% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 5.9% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 2.1% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm for the blue channel;
3.9% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 6.9% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 3.2% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 7.9% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 14% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 55% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 61.8% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 25.1% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 7.7% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm for the red channel;
1% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 1.9% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 5.9% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 67.8% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 95% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 85.2% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 48.1% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 18.3% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 5.6% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm for the yellow/green channel; and,
0.2% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 0.8% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 49.2% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 58.4% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 41.6% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 28.1% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 13.7% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 4.5% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 1.1% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm for the cyan channel. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing a common housing with an open top and openings at the bottom, each bottom opening placed over an LED illumination source; and
placing a domed lumo converting appliance (DLCA) over each bottom opening and over each LED illumination source. 11. A method of blending multiple light channels to produce a preselected illumination spectrum of substantially white light, the method comprising:
altering the illumination produced by the first LED illumination source by passing the illumination produced by a first LED illumination source through a first photoluminescence material to produce a blue channel preselected spectral output; altering the illumination produced by the second LED illumination source by passing the illumination produced by a second LED illumination source through a second photoluminescence material to produce a red channel preselected spectral output; altering the illumination produced by the third LED illumination source by passing the illumination produced by a third LED illumination source through a third photoluminescence material to produce a yellow/green channel preselected spectral output; altering the illumination produced by the fourth LED illumination source by passing the illumination produced by a fourth LED illumination source through a fourth photoluminescence material to produce a cyan channel preselected spectral output; blending the blue, red, yellow/green and cyan spectral outputs as the blue, red, yellow/green and cyan spectral outputs; wherein the first, second, and third LED illumination sources are blue LEDs and the fourth LED illumination is cyan LEDs; wherein the blue LEDs have a substantially 440-475 nm output and the cyan LEDs have a substantially 490-515 nm output; and wherein the first, second, third, and fourth LCAs each comprise a plurality of photoluminescence materials, the plurality of photoluminescence materials comprising:
one or more of a first type of photoluminescence material that emits light at a peak emission between about 515 nm and 590 nm in response to the associated LED string emission, and
one or more of a second type of photoluminescence material that emits light at a peak emission between about 590 nm and about 700 nm in response to the associated LED string emission. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the one or more of the first type of photoluminescence material comprises at least one photoluminescent material selected from Phosphors “A”, “B”, and “D”; Phosphor “A” is Cerium doped lutetium aluminum garnet (Lu3Al5O12) with an emission peak range of 530-540 nm; Phosphor “B” is Cerium doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O12) with an emission peak range of 545-555 nm; and Phosphor “D” is GBAM: BaMgAl10O17:Eu with an emission peak range of 520-530 nm. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein:
the one or more of the second type of photoluminescence material comprises at least one photoluminescent material selected from Phosphors “C”, “E”, and “F”; Phosphor “C” is Cerium doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O12) with an emission peak range of 645-655 nm; Phosphor “E” is any semiconductor quantum dot material of appropriate size for an emission peak range of 625-635 nm; and Phosphor “F” is any semiconductor quantum dot material of appropriate size for an emission peak range of 605-615 nm. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the one or more of the second type of photoluminescence material comprises at least one photoluminescent material selected from Phosphors “C”, “E”, and “F”; Phosphor “C” is Cerium doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O12) with an emission peak range of 645-655 nm; Phosphor “E” is any semiconductor quantum dot material of appropriate size for an emission peak range of 625-635 nm; and Phosphor “F” is any semiconductor quantum dot material of appropriate size for an emission peak range of 605-615 nm. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the spectral output of the blue channel is substantially 32.8% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 66.5% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 25.7% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 36.6% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 39.7% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 36.1% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 15.5% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 5.9% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 2.1% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the spectral output of the red channel is substantially 3.9% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 6.9% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 3.2% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 7.9% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 14% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 55% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 61.8% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 25.1% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 7.7% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the spectral output of the yellow/green channel is substantially 1% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 1.9% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 5.9% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 67.8% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 95% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 85.2% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 48.1% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 18.3% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 5.6% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the spectral output of the cyan channel is substantially 0.2% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 0.8% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 49.2% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 58.4% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 41.6% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 28.1% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 13.7% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 4.5% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 1.1% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the spectral output of the channels are substantially:
32.8% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 66.5% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 25.7% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 36.6% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 39.7% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 36.1% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 15.5% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 5.9% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 2.1% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm for the blue channel; 3.9% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 6.9% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 3.2% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 7.9% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 14% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 55% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 61.8% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 25.1% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 7.7% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm for the red channel; 1% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 1.9% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 5.9% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 67.8% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 95% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 85.2% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 48.1% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 18.3% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 5.6% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm for the yellow/green channel; and, 0.2% for wavelengths between 380-420 nm, 0.8% for wavelengths between 421-460 nm, 49.2% for wavelengths between 461-500 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 501-540 nm, 58.4% for wavelengths between 541-580 nm, 41.6% for wavelengths between 581-620 nm, 28.1% for wavelengths between 621-660 nm, 13.7% for wavelengths between 661-700 nm, 4.5% for wavelengths between 701-740 nm and 1.1% for wavelengths between 741-780 nm for the cyan channel. 20. The method of claim 11, further comprising providing a common housing with an open top and openings at the bottom, each bottom opening placed over an LED illumination source; and
placing a domed lumo converting appliance (DLCA) over each bottom opening and over each LED illumination source. | 2,400 |
349,423 | 16,807,004 | 2,468 | Provided are superabsorbent materials composed of agar, and one or more water-soluble natural polysaccharides, and dietary compositions containing such superabsorbent materials. The disclosed superabsorbent materials have various food and therapeutic applications and can be used as loading vehicles for nutrients and therapeutic agents. Also provided are methods for preparing such superabsorbent materials. | 1. A superabsorbent material comprising agar and one or more water-soluble natural polysaccharides, wherein the agar and the one or more water-soluble natural polysaccharides form a porous structure without any chemical cross-linking. 2. The superabsorbent material of claim 1, wherein the one or more water-soluble natural polysaccharides are selected from the group consisting of konjac gum, carrageenan, locust bean gum, xanthan gum, tamarind seed gum and guar gum carrageenan, alginate, pectin, gellan gum, chitosan, Arabic gum, a soluble starch, and a combination thereof. 3. The superabsorbent material of claim 1, wherein upon rehydration, the superabsorbent material expands in volume in less than 2 hours, less than 1.5 hours, less than 1 hour, less than 30 minutes or less than 15 minutes and maintains a well-defined shape for at least 24 hours, at least 36 hours, or at least 48 hours under a neutral pH condition or a human gastric pH condition, and at room temperature or at human body temperature. 4. The superabsorbent material of claim 1, wherein the superabsorbent material has an absorption ratio of at least 10 times or up to 200 times of its own weight in deionized water, or at least 5 times or up to 100 times of its own weight in artificial gastric juice. 5. The superabsorbent material of claim 1, wherein the superabsorbent material has a volume expansion ratio of at least 5 times or up to 150 times in deionized water, or a volume expansion ratio of at least 5 times to up to 100 times in artificial gastric juice. 6. A dietary composition comprising the superabsorbent material of claim 1. 7. A volumetrics diet comprising the superabsorbent material of claim 1. 8. A method of preventing or treating a disease or condition associated with abnormal metabolism, comprising orally administering to a subject suffering from or at an elevated risk of a disease or condition associated with abnormal metabolism an effective amount of the superabsorbent material of claim 1. 9. The method of claim 8, the disease or condition associated with abnormal metabolism includes diabetes, obesity, overweight, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure. 10. A method of suppressing appetite, enhancing satiety, or lowering calorie intake in a subject, comprising orally administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the superabsorbent material of claim 1. 11. A method of preparing a superabsorbent material comprising:
adding agar and one or more water-soluble natural polysaccharide to water to form a mixture; heating the mixture to a temperature of between 80° C. and 100° C. until the one or more polysaccharides are completely dissolved; allowing the mixture to cool to form a gel; freezing the gel; and drying the gel to obtain the superabsorbent material. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising pulverizing the dried gel to obtain the superabsorbent material in a powder form. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the drying step comprises directly freeze-drying the frozen gel. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the drying step comprises thawing the frozen gel and drying at a temperature of between 50° C. and 60° C. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the drying step comprises:
thawing the frozen gel; filtering the thawed gel to obtain a filter cake; and drying the filter cake. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the filter cake is dried by air drying, heat drying, freeze-drying, vacuum drying, or a combination thereof. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more water-soluble natural polysaccharides are selected from the group consisting of konjac gum, carrageenan, locust bean gum, xanthan gum, tamarind seed gum and guar gum carrageenan, alginate, pectin, gellan gum, chitosan, Arabic gum, a soluble starch, and a combination thereof. 18. A superabsorbent material obtained by the method of claim 11. | Provided are superabsorbent materials composed of agar, and one or more water-soluble natural polysaccharides, and dietary compositions containing such superabsorbent materials. The disclosed superabsorbent materials have various food and therapeutic applications and can be used as loading vehicles for nutrients and therapeutic agents. Also provided are methods for preparing such superabsorbent materials.1. A superabsorbent material comprising agar and one or more water-soluble natural polysaccharides, wherein the agar and the one or more water-soluble natural polysaccharides form a porous structure without any chemical cross-linking. 2. The superabsorbent material of claim 1, wherein the one or more water-soluble natural polysaccharides are selected from the group consisting of konjac gum, carrageenan, locust bean gum, xanthan gum, tamarind seed gum and guar gum carrageenan, alginate, pectin, gellan gum, chitosan, Arabic gum, a soluble starch, and a combination thereof. 3. The superabsorbent material of claim 1, wherein upon rehydration, the superabsorbent material expands in volume in less than 2 hours, less than 1.5 hours, less than 1 hour, less than 30 minutes or less than 15 minutes and maintains a well-defined shape for at least 24 hours, at least 36 hours, or at least 48 hours under a neutral pH condition or a human gastric pH condition, and at room temperature or at human body temperature. 4. The superabsorbent material of claim 1, wherein the superabsorbent material has an absorption ratio of at least 10 times or up to 200 times of its own weight in deionized water, or at least 5 times or up to 100 times of its own weight in artificial gastric juice. 5. The superabsorbent material of claim 1, wherein the superabsorbent material has a volume expansion ratio of at least 5 times or up to 150 times in deionized water, or a volume expansion ratio of at least 5 times to up to 100 times in artificial gastric juice. 6. A dietary composition comprising the superabsorbent material of claim 1. 7. A volumetrics diet comprising the superabsorbent material of claim 1. 8. A method of preventing or treating a disease or condition associated with abnormal metabolism, comprising orally administering to a subject suffering from or at an elevated risk of a disease or condition associated with abnormal metabolism an effective amount of the superabsorbent material of claim 1. 9. The method of claim 8, the disease or condition associated with abnormal metabolism includes diabetes, obesity, overweight, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure. 10. A method of suppressing appetite, enhancing satiety, or lowering calorie intake in a subject, comprising orally administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the superabsorbent material of claim 1. 11. A method of preparing a superabsorbent material comprising:
adding agar and one or more water-soluble natural polysaccharide to water to form a mixture; heating the mixture to a temperature of between 80° C. and 100° C. until the one or more polysaccharides are completely dissolved; allowing the mixture to cool to form a gel; freezing the gel; and drying the gel to obtain the superabsorbent material. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising pulverizing the dried gel to obtain the superabsorbent material in a powder form. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the drying step comprises directly freeze-drying the frozen gel. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the drying step comprises thawing the frozen gel and drying at a temperature of between 50° C. and 60° C. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the drying step comprises:
thawing the frozen gel; filtering the thawed gel to obtain a filter cake; and drying the filter cake. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the filter cake is dried by air drying, heat drying, freeze-drying, vacuum drying, or a combination thereof. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more water-soluble natural polysaccharides are selected from the group consisting of konjac gum, carrageenan, locust bean gum, xanthan gum, tamarind seed gum and guar gum carrageenan, alginate, pectin, gellan gum, chitosan, Arabic gum, a soluble starch, and a combination thereof. 18. A superabsorbent material obtained by the method of claim 11. | 2,400 |
349,424 | 16,807,024 | 2,468 | Systems and methods use a mobile device to position an annotation of displayed content on a shared display coupled with a host device. Sensor data, such as gyroscope and accelerometer data, from the mobile device may be transmitted to the host device and used to generate the annotation. The sensor data may be preprocessed to smooth and fit the data to a parametric curve or shape prior to or after display on the shared display. The user of the mobile device may interact with the mobile device to further start and stop the annotation, as well as denote to animate the annotation. | 1. A system for annotation of shared display, comprising:
a mobile device having a processor, a position sensor, and client annotation instructions that, when executed by the processor operate to:
register the mobile device to a host device connected with a shared display,
in response to a start indication generated via user interaction with the mobile device, position annotation of displayed content on the shared display using sensor data captured from the position sensor of the mobile device. 2. The system of claim 1, the position sensors being a gyroscope and accelerometer of the mobile device. 3. The system of claim 1, the client annotation software further configured to transmit shared content from the mobile device to the host device, the annotation being an annotation over the shared content. 4. The system of claim 1, the register the mobile device to a host device including:
interacting with a user, via an input device of the mobile device, to receive a registration input; transmitting the registration input to the host device; and, establishing a connection between the host device and the mobile device if the registration input matches a host ID. 5. The system of claim 4, the host ID being displayed on the shared display. 6. The system of claim 1, the position annotation of displayed content including:
monitoring the sensor data at a plurality of time measurements; and generating a series of (x,y) screen coordinates defining intended motion of the annotation on the shared display. 7. The system of claim 1, the position annotation of displayed content including:
monitoring the sensor data at a plurality of time measurements; generating tilt, yaw, and roll information based on the sensor data; and, transmitting the tilt, yaw, and roll information as a client annotation output to the host device. 8. The system of claim 7, the monitoring sensor data further including generating translation information between at least two of the plurality of time measurements, and further outputting the translation information as the client annotation output. 9. The system of claim 1, the client annotation instructions further operating to receive client input data and outputting the client annotation output based on the client input data. 10. The system of claim 9, the client input data including one or more of color, size, shape, and text of an annotation to be displayed on a shared display coupled with the host device. 11. The system of claim 9, the client input data including an animate indication received at the mobile device indicating to animate the annotation on the shared display. 12. The system of claim 1, the start indication including a button press by the user on the input device. 13. The system of claim 1, the start indication including detection of a mobile-device-pickup action by the user detected via accelerometer data. 14. The system of claim 1, the client annotation instructions further operating to receive a stop indication, and end the position the annotation in response to the start indication. 15. The system of claim 14, the stop indication including a button press by the user on the input device. 16. The system of claim 14, the stop indication including detection of a phone putdown action by the user via the accelerometer data. 17. The system of claim 1, the position the annotation including:
monitoring the sensor data at a plurality of time measurements; identifying a plurality of control joints of an intended annotation based on the sensor data; fitting a parameterized function to the plurality of control joints to determine a parameterized curve; and, transmitting the parameterized curve to the host device as a client annotation output. 18. The system of claim 17, the parameterized curve being a polynomial curve or a spline curve. 19. The system of claim 17, the position the annotation further comprising:
during the fitting a parameterized function, fitting a shape to the plurality of control joints or the parameterized curve, and transmitting the shape to the host device instead of the parameterized curve when the shape fits within a predefined fit-threshold. 20. The system of claim 1, the client annotation instructions generating a client annotation output indicating to reset the annotation on the shared display when the sensor data exceeds a sensor threshold. 21-39. (canceled) 40. A method for annotation of a shared display coupled with a host device, comprising:
registering a mobile device to the host device; and, in response to a start indication generated via user interaction with the mobile device, positioning annotation of displayed content on the shared display based on a client annotation output transmitted between the mobile device and the host device and including sensor data captured via position sensors at the mobile device and transmitted to the host device. 41. The method of claim 20, the position sensors being a gyroscope and accelerometer. 42. The method of claim 20, further comprising transmitting shared content between the mobile device and the host device; the positioning annotation including positioning the annotation over the shared content. 43. The method of claim 20, the register the mobile device with the host device comprising:
receive a registration input at the mobile device; transmit the registration input to the host device; compare the registration input to a host ID stored at the host device; and, wirelessly connect the host device and the mobile device when the registration input matches the host ID. 44. The method of claim 20, the client annotation output including tilt data, yaw data, and roll data generated based on the position sensors. 45. The method of claim 44, the client annotation output including translation data between two or more control joints defined by each of a time series measurements of the sensor data. 46. The method of claim 20, the client annotation output including client input data. 47. The method of claim 46, the client input data including color, size, shape, and text of an annotation to be displayed on a shared display coupled with the host device. 48. The method of claim 46, the client input data including an animate indication received at the mobile device indicating to animate the annotation on the shared display. 49. The method of claim 20, the positioning annotation further comprising modifying the client annotation output according to a predetermined modifier. 50. The method of claim 49, the predetermined modifier being a shape fit to a plurality of control joints based on the client annotation output when the control joints fits the shape within a predefined fit threshold, or a parameterized curve or spline fit to the plurality of control joints based on the client annotation output when the control joints does not fit the shape within the predefined fit threshold. 51. The method of claim 49, the predetermined modifier being a parameterized curve or a spline fit to a plurality of control joints based on the client annotation output. 52. The method of claim 49, the predetermined modifier being applied at the mobile device. 53. The method of claim 49, the predetermined modifier being applied at the host device. 54. The method of claim 20, the positioning ending in response to a stop indication received at the mobile device. 55. The method of claim 20, the positioning including continuing to capture the sensor data after a stop indication if a data capture-stop delay has not passed. 56. The method of claim 20, the positioning including positioning the annotation at an edge of the shared display if the client annotation output indicates to move the annotation off the shared display. 57. The method of claim 20, the position the displayed content annotation including removing the displayed annotation from the shared display based on a preset annotation timer. 58. The method of claim 57, the preset annotation timer being a clock-based timer. 59. The method of claim 57, the present annotation timer defining a maximum length of the annotation on the shared display. 60. The method of claim 57, the present annotation timer being based on a speed of the annotation as defined by a translation included in the client annotation output. 61. The method of claim 20, further comprising storing an annotation history defining prior annotations on the shared display.
The system of claim 61, further comprising transmitting the annotation history to a device external to the host device. | Systems and methods use a mobile device to position an annotation of displayed content on a shared display coupled with a host device. Sensor data, such as gyroscope and accelerometer data, from the mobile device may be transmitted to the host device and used to generate the annotation. The sensor data may be preprocessed to smooth and fit the data to a parametric curve or shape prior to or after display on the shared display. The user of the mobile device may interact with the mobile device to further start and stop the annotation, as well as denote to animate the annotation.1. A system for annotation of shared display, comprising:
a mobile device having a processor, a position sensor, and client annotation instructions that, when executed by the processor operate to:
register the mobile device to a host device connected with a shared display,
in response to a start indication generated via user interaction with the mobile device, position annotation of displayed content on the shared display using sensor data captured from the position sensor of the mobile device. 2. The system of claim 1, the position sensors being a gyroscope and accelerometer of the mobile device. 3. The system of claim 1, the client annotation software further configured to transmit shared content from the mobile device to the host device, the annotation being an annotation over the shared content. 4. The system of claim 1, the register the mobile device to a host device including:
interacting with a user, via an input device of the mobile device, to receive a registration input; transmitting the registration input to the host device; and, establishing a connection between the host device and the mobile device if the registration input matches a host ID. 5. The system of claim 4, the host ID being displayed on the shared display. 6. The system of claim 1, the position annotation of displayed content including:
monitoring the sensor data at a plurality of time measurements; and generating a series of (x,y) screen coordinates defining intended motion of the annotation on the shared display. 7. The system of claim 1, the position annotation of displayed content including:
monitoring the sensor data at a plurality of time measurements; generating tilt, yaw, and roll information based on the sensor data; and, transmitting the tilt, yaw, and roll information as a client annotation output to the host device. 8. The system of claim 7, the monitoring sensor data further including generating translation information between at least two of the plurality of time measurements, and further outputting the translation information as the client annotation output. 9. The system of claim 1, the client annotation instructions further operating to receive client input data and outputting the client annotation output based on the client input data. 10. The system of claim 9, the client input data including one or more of color, size, shape, and text of an annotation to be displayed on a shared display coupled with the host device. 11. The system of claim 9, the client input data including an animate indication received at the mobile device indicating to animate the annotation on the shared display. 12. The system of claim 1, the start indication including a button press by the user on the input device. 13. The system of claim 1, the start indication including detection of a mobile-device-pickup action by the user detected via accelerometer data. 14. The system of claim 1, the client annotation instructions further operating to receive a stop indication, and end the position the annotation in response to the start indication. 15. The system of claim 14, the stop indication including a button press by the user on the input device. 16. The system of claim 14, the stop indication including detection of a phone putdown action by the user via the accelerometer data. 17. The system of claim 1, the position the annotation including:
monitoring the sensor data at a plurality of time measurements; identifying a plurality of control joints of an intended annotation based on the sensor data; fitting a parameterized function to the plurality of control joints to determine a parameterized curve; and, transmitting the parameterized curve to the host device as a client annotation output. 18. The system of claim 17, the parameterized curve being a polynomial curve or a spline curve. 19. The system of claim 17, the position the annotation further comprising:
during the fitting a parameterized function, fitting a shape to the plurality of control joints or the parameterized curve, and transmitting the shape to the host device instead of the parameterized curve when the shape fits within a predefined fit-threshold. 20. The system of claim 1, the client annotation instructions generating a client annotation output indicating to reset the annotation on the shared display when the sensor data exceeds a sensor threshold. 21-39. (canceled) 40. A method for annotation of a shared display coupled with a host device, comprising:
registering a mobile device to the host device; and, in response to a start indication generated via user interaction with the mobile device, positioning annotation of displayed content on the shared display based on a client annotation output transmitted between the mobile device and the host device and including sensor data captured via position sensors at the mobile device and transmitted to the host device. 41. The method of claim 20, the position sensors being a gyroscope and accelerometer. 42. The method of claim 20, further comprising transmitting shared content between the mobile device and the host device; the positioning annotation including positioning the annotation over the shared content. 43. The method of claim 20, the register the mobile device with the host device comprising:
receive a registration input at the mobile device; transmit the registration input to the host device; compare the registration input to a host ID stored at the host device; and, wirelessly connect the host device and the mobile device when the registration input matches the host ID. 44. The method of claim 20, the client annotation output including tilt data, yaw data, and roll data generated based on the position sensors. 45. The method of claim 44, the client annotation output including translation data between two or more control joints defined by each of a time series measurements of the sensor data. 46. The method of claim 20, the client annotation output including client input data. 47. The method of claim 46, the client input data including color, size, shape, and text of an annotation to be displayed on a shared display coupled with the host device. 48. The method of claim 46, the client input data including an animate indication received at the mobile device indicating to animate the annotation on the shared display. 49. The method of claim 20, the positioning annotation further comprising modifying the client annotation output according to a predetermined modifier. 50. The method of claim 49, the predetermined modifier being a shape fit to a plurality of control joints based on the client annotation output when the control joints fits the shape within a predefined fit threshold, or a parameterized curve or spline fit to the plurality of control joints based on the client annotation output when the control joints does not fit the shape within the predefined fit threshold. 51. The method of claim 49, the predetermined modifier being a parameterized curve or a spline fit to a plurality of control joints based on the client annotation output. 52. The method of claim 49, the predetermined modifier being applied at the mobile device. 53. The method of claim 49, the predetermined modifier being applied at the host device. 54. The method of claim 20, the positioning ending in response to a stop indication received at the mobile device. 55. The method of claim 20, the positioning including continuing to capture the sensor data after a stop indication if a data capture-stop delay has not passed. 56. The method of claim 20, the positioning including positioning the annotation at an edge of the shared display if the client annotation output indicates to move the annotation off the shared display. 57. The method of claim 20, the position the displayed content annotation including removing the displayed annotation from the shared display based on a preset annotation timer. 58. The method of claim 57, the preset annotation timer being a clock-based timer. 59. The method of claim 57, the present annotation timer defining a maximum length of the annotation on the shared display. 60. The method of claim 57, the present annotation timer being based on a speed of the annotation as defined by a translation included in the client annotation output. 61. The method of claim 20, further comprising storing an annotation history defining prior annotations on the shared display.
The system of claim 61, further comprising transmitting the annotation history to a device external to the host device. | 2,400 |
349,425 | 16,807,021 | 2,468 | A method of an aspect includes receiving an instruction. The instruction indicates a first source of a first packed data including state data elements ai, bi, ei, and fi for a current round (i) of a secure hash algorithm 2 (SHA2) hash algorithm. The instruction indicates a second source of a second packed data. The first packed data has a width in bits that is less than a combined width in bits of eight state data elements ai, bi, ci, di, ei, fi, gi, hi of the SHA2 hash algorithm. The method also includes storing a result in a destination indicated by the instruction in response to the instruction. The result includes updated state data elements ai+, bi+, ei+, and fi+ that have been updated from the corresponding state data elements ai, bi, ei, and fi by at least one round of the SHA2 hash algorithm. | 1.-17. (canceled) 18. A method comprising:
storing, in an instruction cache of a core of a multicore processor, a Secure Hash Algorithm 256 (SHA256) instruction of an instruction set of the core; fetching, by instruction fetch circuitry of the core, the SHA256 instruction from the instruction cache; decoding, by instruction decode circuitry of the core, the SHA256 instruction; performing, by execution circuitry including SHA2 circuitry of the core, in response to the instruction decode circuitry decoding the SHA256 instruction, two rounds of a SHA256 operation with an initial SHA256 state C from a first source operand, an initial SHA256 state D from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state G from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state H from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state A from a second source operand, an initial SHA256 state B from the second source operand, an initial SHA256 state E from the second source operand, an initial SHA256 state F from the second source operand, and a sum of a round message and a round constant from a third source operand; and storing a resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core, a resulting SHA256 state B in the destination register of the core, a resulting SHA256 state E in the destination register of the core, and a resulting SHA256 state F in the destination register of the core. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein only the resulting SHA256 state A, the resulting SHA256 state B, the resulting SHA256 state E, and the resulting SHA256 state F are stored in the destination register. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
storing the first source operand in a first source register of the core; storing the second source operand in a second source register of the core; and storing the third source operand in a third source register of the core. 21. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
storing the first source operand in a first source register of the core; storing the third source operand in a third source register of the core; and reading the second source operand from memory. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein performing the two rounds is also with a second sum of a second round message and a second round constant from the register. 23. The method of claim 18, wherein the initial SHA256 state F is stored starting at bit-0 of the second source operand. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the initial SHA256 state H is stored starting at bit-0 of the first source operand. 25. The method of claim 18, wherein storing the resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core comprises storing a 32-bit data element in the destination register. 26. The method of claim 18, wherein storing the resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core comprises storing a 64-bit data element in the destination register. 27. A method comprising:
storing, in an instruction cache of a core of a multicore processor, a Secure Hash Algorithm 256 (SHA256) instruction of an instruction set of the core; fetching, by the core, the SHA256 instruction from the instruction cache; decoding, by the core, the SHA256 instruction; reading, from a first source register of the core, a first source operand; reading, from one of memory and a second source register of the core, a second source operand; reading, from a third source register of the core, a third source operand; performing, by execution circuitry including SHA2 circuitry of the core, in response to the instruction decode circuitry decoding the SHA256 instruction, two rounds of a SHA256 operation with an initial SHA256 state C from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state D from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state G from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state H from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state A from the second source operand, an initial SHA256 state B from the second source operand, an initial SHA256 state E from the second source operand, an initial SHA256 state F from the second source operand, a first sum of a first round message and a first round constant from the third source operand, and a second sum of a second round message and a second round constant from the third source operand; and storing a resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core, a resulting SHA256 state B in the destination register of the core, a resulting SHA256 state E in the destination register of the core, and a resulting SHA256 state F in the destination register of the core. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein storing the resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core comprises storing a 32-bit data element in the destination register. 29. The method of claim 27, wherein storing the resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core comprises storing a 64-bit data element in the destination register. 30. The method of claim 27, wherein the initial SHA256 state F is stored starting at bit-0 of the second source operand. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the initial SHA256 state H is stored starting at bit-0 of the first source operand. 32. The method of claim 18, wherein only the resulting SHA256 state A, the resulting SHA256 state B, the resulting SHA256 state E, and the resulting SHA256 state F are stored in the destination register. 33. A method comprising:
receiving a Secure Hash Algorithm 256 (SHA256) instruction; decoding the SHA256 instruction; performing, by execution circuitry, in response to the decoding of the SHA256 instruction, two rounds of a SHA256 operation with an initial SHA256 state C from a first source operand, an initial SHA256 state D from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state G from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state H from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state A from a second source operand, an initial SHA256 state B from the second source operand, an initial SHA256 state E from the second source operand, an initial SHA256 state F from the second source operand, a first sum of a first round message and a first round constant from a third source operand, and a second sum of a second round message and a second round constant from a third source operand; and storing a resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core, a resulting SHA256 state B in the destination register of the core, a resulting SHA256 state E in the destination register of the core, and a resulting SHA256 state F in the destination register of the core. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein only the resulting SHA256 state A, the resulting SHA256 state B, the resulting SHA256 state E, and the resulting SHA256 state F are stored in the destination register. 35. The method of claim 33, wherein the initial SHA256 state F is stored starting at bit-0 of the second source operand. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the initial SHA256 state H is stored starting at bit-0 of the first source operand. 37. The method of claim 33, wherein storing the resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core comprises storing a 32-bit data element in the destination register. | A method of an aspect includes receiving an instruction. The instruction indicates a first source of a first packed data including state data elements ai, bi, ei, and fi for a current round (i) of a secure hash algorithm 2 (SHA2) hash algorithm. The instruction indicates a second source of a second packed data. The first packed data has a width in bits that is less than a combined width in bits of eight state data elements ai, bi, ci, di, ei, fi, gi, hi of the SHA2 hash algorithm. The method also includes storing a result in a destination indicated by the instruction in response to the instruction. The result includes updated state data elements ai+, bi+, ei+, and fi+ that have been updated from the corresponding state data elements ai, bi, ei, and fi by at least one round of the SHA2 hash algorithm.1.-17. (canceled) 18. A method comprising:
storing, in an instruction cache of a core of a multicore processor, a Secure Hash Algorithm 256 (SHA256) instruction of an instruction set of the core; fetching, by instruction fetch circuitry of the core, the SHA256 instruction from the instruction cache; decoding, by instruction decode circuitry of the core, the SHA256 instruction; performing, by execution circuitry including SHA2 circuitry of the core, in response to the instruction decode circuitry decoding the SHA256 instruction, two rounds of a SHA256 operation with an initial SHA256 state C from a first source operand, an initial SHA256 state D from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state G from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state H from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state A from a second source operand, an initial SHA256 state B from the second source operand, an initial SHA256 state E from the second source operand, an initial SHA256 state F from the second source operand, and a sum of a round message and a round constant from a third source operand; and storing a resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core, a resulting SHA256 state B in the destination register of the core, a resulting SHA256 state E in the destination register of the core, and a resulting SHA256 state F in the destination register of the core. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein only the resulting SHA256 state A, the resulting SHA256 state B, the resulting SHA256 state E, and the resulting SHA256 state F are stored in the destination register. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
storing the first source operand in a first source register of the core; storing the second source operand in a second source register of the core; and storing the third source operand in a third source register of the core. 21. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
storing the first source operand in a first source register of the core; storing the third source operand in a third source register of the core; and reading the second source operand from memory. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein performing the two rounds is also with a second sum of a second round message and a second round constant from the register. 23. The method of claim 18, wherein the initial SHA256 state F is stored starting at bit-0 of the second source operand. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the initial SHA256 state H is stored starting at bit-0 of the first source operand. 25. The method of claim 18, wherein storing the resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core comprises storing a 32-bit data element in the destination register. 26. The method of claim 18, wherein storing the resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core comprises storing a 64-bit data element in the destination register. 27. A method comprising:
storing, in an instruction cache of a core of a multicore processor, a Secure Hash Algorithm 256 (SHA256) instruction of an instruction set of the core; fetching, by the core, the SHA256 instruction from the instruction cache; decoding, by the core, the SHA256 instruction; reading, from a first source register of the core, a first source operand; reading, from one of memory and a second source register of the core, a second source operand; reading, from a third source register of the core, a third source operand; performing, by execution circuitry including SHA2 circuitry of the core, in response to the instruction decode circuitry decoding the SHA256 instruction, two rounds of a SHA256 operation with an initial SHA256 state C from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state D from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state G from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state H from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state A from the second source operand, an initial SHA256 state B from the second source operand, an initial SHA256 state E from the second source operand, an initial SHA256 state F from the second source operand, a first sum of a first round message and a first round constant from the third source operand, and a second sum of a second round message and a second round constant from the third source operand; and storing a resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core, a resulting SHA256 state B in the destination register of the core, a resulting SHA256 state E in the destination register of the core, and a resulting SHA256 state F in the destination register of the core. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein storing the resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core comprises storing a 32-bit data element in the destination register. 29. The method of claim 27, wherein storing the resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core comprises storing a 64-bit data element in the destination register. 30. The method of claim 27, wherein the initial SHA256 state F is stored starting at bit-0 of the second source operand. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the initial SHA256 state H is stored starting at bit-0 of the first source operand. 32. The method of claim 18, wherein only the resulting SHA256 state A, the resulting SHA256 state B, the resulting SHA256 state E, and the resulting SHA256 state F are stored in the destination register. 33. A method comprising:
receiving a Secure Hash Algorithm 256 (SHA256) instruction; decoding the SHA256 instruction; performing, by execution circuitry, in response to the decoding of the SHA256 instruction, two rounds of a SHA256 operation with an initial SHA256 state C from a first source operand, an initial SHA256 state D from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state G from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state H from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state A from a second source operand, an initial SHA256 state B from the second source operand, an initial SHA256 state E from the second source operand, an initial SHA256 state F from the second source operand, a first sum of a first round message and a first round constant from a third source operand, and a second sum of a second round message and a second round constant from a third source operand; and storing a resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core, a resulting SHA256 state B in the destination register of the core, a resulting SHA256 state E in the destination register of the core, and a resulting SHA256 state F in the destination register of the core. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein only the resulting SHA256 state A, the resulting SHA256 state B, the resulting SHA256 state E, and the resulting SHA256 state F are stored in the destination register. 35. The method of claim 33, wherein the initial SHA256 state F is stored starting at bit-0 of the second source operand. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the initial SHA256 state H is stored starting at bit-0 of the first source operand. 37. The method of claim 33, wherein storing the resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core comprises storing a 32-bit data element in the destination register. | 2,400 |
349,426 | 16,807,033 | 2,468 | A method of an aspect includes receiving an instruction. The instruction indicates a first source of a first packed data including state data elements ai, bi, ei, and fi for a current round (i) of a secure hash algorithm 2 (SHA2) hash algorithm. The instruction indicates a second source of a second packed data. The first packed data has a width in bits that is less than a combined width in bits of eight state data elements ai, bi, ci, di, ei, fi, gi, hi of the SHA2 hash algorithm. The method also includes storing a result in a destination indicated by the instruction in response to the instruction. The result includes updated state data elements ai+, bi+, ei+, and fi+ that have been updated from the corresponding state data elements ai, bi, ei, and fi by at least one round of the SHA2 hash algorithm. | 1.-17. (canceled) 18. A method comprising:
storing, in an instruction cache of a core of a multicore processor, a Secure Hash Algorithm 256 (SHA256) instruction of an instruction set of the core; fetching, by instruction fetch circuitry of the core, the SHA256 instruction from the instruction cache; decoding, by instruction decode circuitry of the core, the SHA256 instruction; performing, by execution circuitry including SHA2 circuitry of the core, in response to the instruction decode circuitry decoding the SHA256 instruction, two rounds of a SHA256 operation with an initial SHA256 state C from a first source operand, an initial SHA256 state D from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state G from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state H from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state A from a second source operand, an initial SHA256 state B from the second source operand, an initial SHA256 state E from the second source operand, an initial SHA256 state F from the second source operand, and a sum of a round message and a round constant from a third source operand; and storing a resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core, a resulting SHA256 state B in the destination register of the core, a resulting SHA256 state E in the destination register of the core, and a resulting SHA256 state F in the destination register of the core. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein only the resulting SHA256 state A, the resulting SHA256 state B, the resulting SHA256 state E, and the resulting SHA256 state F are stored in the destination register. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
storing the first source operand in a first source register of the core; storing the second source operand in a second source register of the core; and storing the third source operand in a third source register of the core. 21. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
storing the first source operand in a first source register of the core; storing the third source operand in a third source register of the core; and reading the second source operand from memory. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein performing the two rounds is also with a second sum of a second round message and a second round constant from the register. 23. The method of claim 18, wherein the initial SHA256 state F is stored starting at bit-0 of the second source operand. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the initial SHA256 state H is stored starting at bit-0 of the first source operand. 25. The method of claim 18, wherein storing the resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core comprises storing a 32-bit data element in the destination register. 26. The method of claim 18, wherein storing the resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core comprises storing a 64-bit data element in the destination register. 27. A method comprising:
storing, in an instruction cache of a core of a multicore processor, a Secure Hash Algorithm 256 (SHA256) instruction of an instruction set of the core; fetching, by the core, the SHA256 instruction from the instruction cache; decoding, by the core, the SHA256 instruction; reading, from a first source register of the core, a first source operand; reading, from one of memory and a second source register of the core, a second source operand; reading, from a third source register of the core, a third source operand; performing, by execution circuitry including SHA2 circuitry of the core, in response to the instruction decode circuitry decoding the SHA256 instruction, two rounds of a SHA256 operation with an initial SHA256 state C from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state D from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state G from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state H from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state A from the second source operand, an initial SHA256 state B from the second source operand, an initial SHA256 state E from the second source operand, an initial SHA256 state F from the second source operand, a first sum of a first round message and a first round constant from the third source operand, and a second sum of a second round message and a second round constant from the third source operand; and storing a resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core, a resulting SHA256 state B in the destination register of the core, a resulting SHA256 state E in the destination register of the core, and a resulting SHA256 state F in the destination register of the core. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein storing the resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core comprises storing a 32-bit data element in the destination register. 29. The method of claim 27, wherein storing the resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core comprises storing a 64-bit data element in the destination register. 30. The method of claim 27, wherein the initial SHA256 state F is stored starting at bit-0 of the second source operand. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the initial SHA256 state H is stored starting at bit-0 of the first source operand. 32. The method of claim 18, wherein only the resulting SHA256 state A, the resulting SHA256 state B, the resulting SHA256 state E, and the resulting SHA256 state F are stored in the destination register. 33. A method comprising:
receiving a Secure Hash Algorithm 256 (SHA256) instruction; decoding the SHA256 instruction; performing, by execution circuitry, in response to the decoding of the SHA256 instruction, two rounds of a SHA256 operation with an initial SHA256 state C from a first source operand, an initial SHA256 state D from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state G from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state H from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state A from a second source operand, an initial SHA256 state B from the second source operand, an initial SHA256 state E from the second source operand, an initial SHA256 state F from the second source operand, a first sum of a first round message and a first round constant from a third source operand, and a second sum of a second round message and a second round constant from a third source operand; and storing a resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core, a resulting SHA256 state B in the destination register of the core, a resulting SHA256 state E in the destination register of the core, and a resulting SHA256 state F in the destination register of the core. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein only the resulting SHA256 state A, the resulting SHA256 state B, the resulting SHA256 state E, and the resulting SHA256 state F are stored in the destination register. 35. The method of claim 33, wherein the initial SHA256 state F is stored starting at bit-0 of the second source operand. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the initial SHA256 state H is stored starting at bit-0 of the first source operand. 37. The method of claim 33, wherein storing the resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core comprises storing a 32-bit data element in the destination register. | A method of an aspect includes receiving an instruction. The instruction indicates a first source of a first packed data including state data elements ai, bi, ei, and fi for a current round (i) of a secure hash algorithm 2 (SHA2) hash algorithm. The instruction indicates a second source of a second packed data. The first packed data has a width in bits that is less than a combined width in bits of eight state data elements ai, bi, ci, di, ei, fi, gi, hi of the SHA2 hash algorithm. The method also includes storing a result in a destination indicated by the instruction in response to the instruction. The result includes updated state data elements ai+, bi+, ei+, and fi+ that have been updated from the corresponding state data elements ai, bi, ei, and fi by at least one round of the SHA2 hash algorithm.1.-17. (canceled) 18. A method comprising:
storing, in an instruction cache of a core of a multicore processor, a Secure Hash Algorithm 256 (SHA256) instruction of an instruction set of the core; fetching, by instruction fetch circuitry of the core, the SHA256 instruction from the instruction cache; decoding, by instruction decode circuitry of the core, the SHA256 instruction; performing, by execution circuitry including SHA2 circuitry of the core, in response to the instruction decode circuitry decoding the SHA256 instruction, two rounds of a SHA256 operation with an initial SHA256 state C from a first source operand, an initial SHA256 state D from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state G from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state H from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state A from a second source operand, an initial SHA256 state B from the second source operand, an initial SHA256 state E from the second source operand, an initial SHA256 state F from the second source operand, and a sum of a round message and a round constant from a third source operand; and storing a resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core, a resulting SHA256 state B in the destination register of the core, a resulting SHA256 state E in the destination register of the core, and a resulting SHA256 state F in the destination register of the core. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein only the resulting SHA256 state A, the resulting SHA256 state B, the resulting SHA256 state E, and the resulting SHA256 state F are stored in the destination register. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
storing the first source operand in a first source register of the core; storing the second source operand in a second source register of the core; and storing the third source operand in a third source register of the core. 21. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
storing the first source operand in a first source register of the core; storing the third source operand in a third source register of the core; and reading the second source operand from memory. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein performing the two rounds is also with a second sum of a second round message and a second round constant from the register. 23. The method of claim 18, wherein the initial SHA256 state F is stored starting at bit-0 of the second source operand. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the initial SHA256 state H is stored starting at bit-0 of the first source operand. 25. The method of claim 18, wherein storing the resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core comprises storing a 32-bit data element in the destination register. 26. The method of claim 18, wherein storing the resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core comprises storing a 64-bit data element in the destination register. 27. A method comprising:
storing, in an instruction cache of a core of a multicore processor, a Secure Hash Algorithm 256 (SHA256) instruction of an instruction set of the core; fetching, by the core, the SHA256 instruction from the instruction cache; decoding, by the core, the SHA256 instruction; reading, from a first source register of the core, a first source operand; reading, from one of memory and a second source register of the core, a second source operand; reading, from a third source register of the core, a third source operand; performing, by execution circuitry including SHA2 circuitry of the core, in response to the instruction decode circuitry decoding the SHA256 instruction, two rounds of a SHA256 operation with an initial SHA256 state C from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state D from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state G from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state H from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state A from the second source operand, an initial SHA256 state B from the second source operand, an initial SHA256 state E from the second source operand, an initial SHA256 state F from the second source operand, a first sum of a first round message and a first round constant from the third source operand, and a second sum of a second round message and a second round constant from the third source operand; and storing a resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core, a resulting SHA256 state B in the destination register of the core, a resulting SHA256 state E in the destination register of the core, and a resulting SHA256 state F in the destination register of the core. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein storing the resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core comprises storing a 32-bit data element in the destination register. 29. The method of claim 27, wherein storing the resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core comprises storing a 64-bit data element in the destination register. 30. The method of claim 27, wherein the initial SHA256 state F is stored starting at bit-0 of the second source operand. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the initial SHA256 state H is stored starting at bit-0 of the first source operand. 32. The method of claim 18, wherein only the resulting SHA256 state A, the resulting SHA256 state B, the resulting SHA256 state E, and the resulting SHA256 state F are stored in the destination register. 33. A method comprising:
receiving a Secure Hash Algorithm 256 (SHA256) instruction; decoding the SHA256 instruction; performing, by execution circuitry, in response to the decoding of the SHA256 instruction, two rounds of a SHA256 operation with an initial SHA256 state C from a first source operand, an initial SHA256 state D from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state G from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state H from the first source operand, an initial SHA256 state A from a second source operand, an initial SHA256 state B from the second source operand, an initial SHA256 state E from the second source operand, an initial SHA256 state F from the second source operand, a first sum of a first round message and a first round constant from a third source operand, and a second sum of a second round message and a second round constant from a third source operand; and storing a resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core, a resulting SHA256 state B in the destination register of the core, a resulting SHA256 state E in the destination register of the core, and a resulting SHA256 state F in the destination register of the core. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein only the resulting SHA256 state A, the resulting SHA256 state B, the resulting SHA256 state E, and the resulting SHA256 state F are stored in the destination register. 35. The method of claim 33, wherein the initial SHA256 state F is stored starting at bit-0 of the second source operand. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the initial SHA256 state H is stored starting at bit-0 of the first source operand. 37. The method of claim 33, wherein storing the resulting SHA256 state A in a destination register of the core comprises storing a 32-bit data element in the destination register. | 2,400 |
349,427 | 16,806,967 | 2,468 | Various systems and methods for detecting air in a chamber of an infusion system are disclosed. In one embodiment, a determination is made that air is contained in the chamber on the basis of a change in the average force exerted against the plunger utilizing a derivative spike for event detection and a systematic reduction in the average force to confirm the nature of the change. In another embodiment, a determination is made that the chamber contains air when a difference between the current force profile and a baseline force profile crosses a threshold. In an additional embodiment, a force profile is classified as being an air force profile or a liquid force profile based on extracted features of the force profile. | 1.-20. (canceled) 21. A method for detecting air in a chamber of an infusion system comprising:
moving a plunger against a chamber containing fluid; detecting a force acting on the plunger as it moves against the chamber; preprocessing a force profile based on detected force acting on the plunger; extracting features from the force profile; and classifying the force profile as being an air force profile or a liquid force profile based on the extracted features. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the classification of the force profile as being the air force profile or the liquid force profile is done without applying signal normalization to normalize to a baseline force profile. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the preprocessing comprises: acquiring the force profile; re-sampling the force profile for a set of angles; selecting a sub-set of angles for the force profile; and calculating a derivative of the force profile based on the force profile at the sub-set of angles. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein preprocessing comprises: acquiring the force profile; applying a low pass filter to the force profile; re-sampling the force profile for a set of angles; applying a range limit to the force profile; and calculating a difference of the force profile. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the extraction of features comprises calculating scores of the force profile or applying a linear discriminate analysis to the force profile. 26. A system for detecting air in a chamber of an infusion, the system comprising one or more hardware processors configured to:
detect a force acting on a plunger as it moves against a chamber containing fluid; preprocess a force profile based on detected force acting on the plunger; extract features from the force profile; and classify the force profile as being an air force profile or a liquid force profile based on the extracted features. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the classification of the force profile as being the air force profile or the liquid force profile is done without applying signal normalization to normalize to a baseline force profile. 28. The system of claim 26, wherein the preprocessing comprises: acquiring the force profile; re-sampling the force profile for a set of angles; selecting a sub-set of angles for the force profile; and calculating a derivative of the force profile based on the force profile at the sub-set of angles. 29. The system of claim 26, wherein preprocessing comprises: acquiring the force profile; applying a low pass filter to the force profile; re-sampling the force profile for a set of angles; applying a range limit to the force profile; and calculating a difference of the force profile. 30. The system of claim 26, wherein the extraction of features comprises calculating scores of the force profile or applying a linear discriminate analysis to the force profile. | Various systems and methods for detecting air in a chamber of an infusion system are disclosed. In one embodiment, a determination is made that air is contained in the chamber on the basis of a change in the average force exerted against the plunger utilizing a derivative spike for event detection and a systematic reduction in the average force to confirm the nature of the change. In another embodiment, a determination is made that the chamber contains air when a difference between the current force profile and a baseline force profile crosses a threshold. In an additional embodiment, a force profile is classified as being an air force profile or a liquid force profile based on extracted features of the force profile.1.-20. (canceled) 21. A method for detecting air in a chamber of an infusion system comprising:
moving a plunger against a chamber containing fluid; detecting a force acting on the plunger as it moves against the chamber; preprocessing a force profile based on detected force acting on the plunger; extracting features from the force profile; and classifying the force profile as being an air force profile or a liquid force profile based on the extracted features. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the classification of the force profile as being the air force profile or the liquid force profile is done without applying signal normalization to normalize to a baseline force profile. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the preprocessing comprises: acquiring the force profile; re-sampling the force profile for a set of angles; selecting a sub-set of angles for the force profile; and calculating a derivative of the force profile based on the force profile at the sub-set of angles. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein preprocessing comprises: acquiring the force profile; applying a low pass filter to the force profile; re-sampling the force profile for a set of angles; applying a range limit to the force profile; and calculating a difference of the force profile. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the extraction of features comprises calculating scores of the force profile or applying a linear discriminate analysis to the force profile. 26. A system for detecting air in a chamber of an infusion, the system comprising one or more hardware processors configured to:
detect a force acting on a plunger as it moves against a chamber containing fluid; preprocess a force profile based on detected force acting on the plunger; extract features from the force profile; and classify the force profile as being an air force profile or a liquid force profile based on the extracted features. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the classification of the force profile as being the air force profile or the liquid force profile is done without applying signal normalization to normalize to a baseline force profile. 28. The system of claim 26, wherein the preprocessing comprises: acquiring the force profile; re-sampling the force profile for a set of angles; selecting a sub-set of angles for the force profile; and calculating a derivative of the force profile based on the force profile at the sub-set of angles. 29. The system of claim 26, wherein preprocessing comprises: acquiring the force profile; applying a low pass filter to the force profile; re-sampling the force profile for a set of angles; applying a range limit to the force profile; and calculating a difference of the force profile. 30. The system of claim 26, wherein the extraction of features comprises calculating scores of the force profile or applying a linear discriminate analysis to the force profile. | 2,400 |
349,428 | 16,807,020 | 2,468 | Polymorphic forms of 3-(4-amino-1-oxo-1,3 dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-piperidine-2,6-dione are disclosed. Compositions comprising the polymorphic forms, methods of making the polymorphic forms and methods of their use are also disclosed. | 1-9. (canceled) 10. Crystalline 3-(4-amino-1-oxo-1,3 dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-piperidine-2,6-dione having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising a peak at approximately 28 degrees 2θ. 11. The crystalline 3-(4-amino-1-oxo-1,3 dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-piperidine-2,6-dione of claim 10, wherein the pattern further comprises a peak at approximately 27 degrees 2θ. 12. The crystalline 3-(4-amino-1-oxo-1,3 dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-piperidine-2,6-dione of claim 10 that has a differential scanning calorimetry melting temperature maximum of about 270° C. 13-22. (canceled) 23. The crystalline 3-(4-amino-1-oxo-1,3 dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-piperidine-2,6-dione of claim 10 which is substantially pure. 24. (canceled) 25. A composition comprising amorphous 3-(4-amino-1-oxo-1,3 dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-piperidine-2,6-dione and crystalline 3-(4-amino-1-oxo-1,3 dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-piperidine-2,6-dione of claim 10. 26. The composition of claim 25, which comprises greater than about 50 weight percent crystalline 3-(4-amino-1-oxo-1,3 dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-piperidine-2,6-dione. 27. A pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline 3-(4-amino-1-oxo-1,3 dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-piperidine-2,6-dione of claim 10 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 28. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 27, wherein the composition is a single unit dosage form. | Polymorphic forms of 3-(4-amino-1-oxo-1,3 dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-piperidine-2,6-dione are disclosed. Compositions comprising the polymorphic forms, methods of making the polymorphic forms and methods of their use are also disclosed.1-9. (canceled) 10. Crystalline 3-(4-amino-1-oxo-1,3 dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-piperidine-2,6-dione having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising a peak at approximately 28 degrees 2θ. 11. The crystalline 3-(4-amino-1-oxo-1,3 dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-piperidine-2,6-dione of claim 10, wherein the pattern further comprises a peak at approximately 27 degrees 2θ. 12. The crystalline 3-(4-amino-1-oxo-1,3 dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-piperidine-2,6-dione of claim 10 that has a differential scanning calorimetry melting temperature maximum of about 270° C. 13-22. (canceled) 23. The crystalline 3-(4-amino-1-oxo-1,3 dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-piperidine-2,6-dione of claim 10 which is substantially pure. 24. (canceled) 25. A composition comprising amorphous 3-(4-amino-1-oxo-1,3 dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-piperidine-2,6-dione and crystalline 3-(4-amino-1-oxo-1,3 dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-piperidine-2,6-dione of claim 10. 26. The composition of claim 25, which comprises greater than about 50 weight percent crystalline 3-(4-amino-1-oxo-1,3 dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-piperidine-2,6-dione. 27. A pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline 3-(4-amino-1-oxo-1,3 dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-piperidine-2,6-dione of claim 10 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 28. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 27, wherein the composition is a single unit dosage form. | 2,400 |
349,429 | 16,807,040 | 2,841 | An electronic device cleaning case and method for construction thereof is provided. A housing includes four corners. Each corner includes top and bottom edges and a rounded edge formed between the top and bottom edges to form a void configured to receive a portable electronic device. Each corner of the housing is shaped to wrap around a corner of the portable electronic device. The housing also includes two walls. Each wall includes top and bottom edges and a rounded edge formed between the top and bottom edges to form a void configured to receive the portable electronic device. Each wall is affixed to two of the four corners. A cleaning component includes a backing and a cleaning cloth affixed to a top surface of the backing. The cleaning component is placed upon a top surface of the bottom edge of the corners and walls. | 1. An electronic device cleaning case, comprising:
a housing comprising:
four corners, each corner comprising top and bottom edges and a rounded edge formed between the top and bottom edges forming a void configured to receive a portable electronic device, wherein each corner of the housing is shaped to wrap around a corner of the portable electronic device; and
two walls, each wall comprising top and bottom edges and a rounded edge formed between the top and bottom edges forming a void configured to receive the portable electronic device and affixed to two of the four corners; and
a cleaning component comprising:
a backing; and
a cleaning cloth affixed to a top surface of the backing,
wherein the cleaning component is placed upon a top surface of the bottom edge of the corners and walls. 2. An electronic device cleaning case according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning cloth or a separate cleaning cloth covers an interior surface of the walls that form the void and an interior surface of the corners that form the void. 3. An electronic device cleaning case according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning component is pushed upward towards the top edges of the corners and walls after removal of the portable electronic device. 4. An electronic device cleaning case according to claim 3, wherein one or more of the walls and the corners are at least partially inverted as the cleaning component is pushed upward. 5. An electronic device cleaning case according to claim 1, wherein a gap is formed between ends of the corners not affixed to one of the walls. 6. An electronic device cleaning case according to claim 5, wherein one or more pieces extending from a perimeter of the portable electronic device protrude through the gap between the corners. 7. An electronic device cleaning case according to claim 1, wherein the housing can be affixed to at least one band and worn around a wrist of an individual. 8. An electronic device cleaning case according to claim 1, further comprising:
a support frame comprising a bottom surface and two or more corners affixed to the bottom surface. 9. An electronic device cleaning case according to claim 8, wherein at least one of the corners of the support frame is affixed to a wall that is attached to the bottom surface of the support frame. 10. An electronic device cleaning case according to claim 8, wherein the corners of the support frame fit within the voids of the corners of the housing or the corners of the support frame cover the corners of the housing. 11. A method for constructing an electronic device cleaning case, comprising:
constructing a housing comprising four corners, each corner comprising top and bottom edges and a rounded edge formed between the top and bottom edges forming a void configured to receive a portable electronic device, wherein each corner of the housing is shaped to wrap around a corner of the portable electronic device; affixing two of the corners to each of the two walls, wherein the walls each comprise top and bottom edges and a rounded edge formed between the top and bottom edges forming a void configured to receive the portable electronic device; and placing a cleaning component upon a top surface of the bottom edge of the corners and walls, wherein the cleaning component comprises a backing and a cleaning cloth affixed to a top surface of the backing. 12. A method according to claim 11, wherein the cleaning cloth or a separate cleaning cloth covers an interior surface of the walls that form the void and an interior surface of the corners that form the void. 13. A method according to claim 11, wherein the cleaning component is pushed upward towards the top edges of the corners and walls after removal of the portable electronic device. 14. A method according to claim 13, wherein at least one of the walls and the corners are at least partially inverted as the cleaning component is pushed upward. 15. A method according to claim 11, wherein a gap is formed between ends of the corners not affixed to one of the walls. 16. A method according to claim 15, wherein one or more pieces extending from a perimeter of the portable electronic device protrude through the gap between the corners. 17. A method according to claim 11, wherein the housing can be affixed to at least one band and worn around a wrist of an individual. 18. A method according to claim 11, further comprising:
a support frame comprising a bottom surface and two or more corners affixed to the bottom surface. 19. A method according to claim 18, wherein at least one of the corners of the support frame is affixed to a wall that is attached to the bottom surface of the support frame. 20. A method according to claim 18, wherein the corners of the support frame fit within the voids of the corners of the housing or the corners of the support frame cover the corners of the housing. | An electronic device cleaning case and method for construction thereof is provided. A housing includes four corners. Each corner includes top and bottom edges and a rounded edge formed between the top and bottom edges to form a void configured to receive a portable electronic device. Each corner of the housing is shaped to wrap around a corner of the portable electronic device. The housing also includes two walls. Each wall includes top and bottom edges and a rounded edge formed between the top and bottom edges to form a void configured to receive the portable electronic device. Each wall is affixed to two of the four corners. A cleaning component includes a backing and a cleaning cloth affixed to a top surface of the backing. The cleaning component is placed upon a top surface of the bottom edge of the corners and walls.1. An electronic device cleaning case, comprising:
a housing comprising:
four corners, each corner comprising top and bottom edges and a rounded edge formed between the top and bottom edges forming a void configured to receive a portable electronic device, wherein each corner of the housing is shaped to wrap around a corner of the portable electronic device; and
two walls, each wall comprising top and bottom edges and a rounded edge formed between the top and bottom edges forming a void configured to receive the portable electronic device and affixed to two of the four corners; and
a cleaning component comprising:
a backing; and
a cleaning cloth affixed to a top surface of the backing,
wherein the cleaning component is placed upon a top surface of the bottom edge of the corners and walls. 2. An electronic device cleaning case according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning cloth or a separate cleaning cloth covers an interior surface of the walls that form the void and an interior surface of the corners that form the void. 3. An electronic device cleaning case according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning component is pushed upward towards the top edges of the corners and walls after removal of the portable electronic device. 4. An electronic device cleaning case according to claim 3, wherein one or more of the walls and the corners are at least partially inverted as the cleaning component is pushed upward. 5. An electronic device cleaning case according to claim 1, wherein a gap is formed between ends of the corners not affixed to one of the walls. 6. An electronic device cleaning case according to claim 5, wherein one or more pieces extending from a perimeter of the portable electronic device protrude through the gap between the corners. 7. An electronic device cleaning case according to claim 1, wherein the housing can be affixed to at least one band and worn around a wrist of an individual. 8. An electronic device cleaning case according to claim 1, further comprising:
a support frame comprising a bottom surface and two or more corners affixed to the bottom surface. 9. An electronic device cleaning case according to claim 8, wherein at least one of the corners of the support frame is affixed to a wall that is attached to the bottom surface of the support frame. 10. An electronic device cleaning case according to claim 8, wherein the corners of the support frame fit within the voids of the corners of the housing or the corners of the support frame cover the corners of the housing. 11. A method for constructing an electronic device cleaning case, comprising:
constructing a housing comprising four corners, each corner comprising top and bottom edges and a rounded edge formed between the top and bottom edges forming a void configured to receive a portable electronic device, wherein each corner of the housing is shaped to wrap around a corner of the portable electronic device; affixing two of the corners to each of the two walls, wherein the walls each comprise top and bottom edges and a rounded edge formed between the top and bottom edges forming a void configured to receive the portable electronic device; and placing a cleaning component upon a top surface of the bottom edge of the corners and walls, wherein the cleaning component comprises a backing and a cleaning cloth affixed to a top surface of the backing. 12. A method according to claim 11, wherein the cleaning cloth or a separate cleaning cloth covers an interior surface of the walls that form the void and an interior surface of the corners that form the void. 13. A method according to claim 11, wherein the cleaning component is pushed upward towards the top edges of the corners and walls after removal of the portable electronic device. 14. A method according to claim 13, wherein at least one of the walls and the corners are at least partially inverted as the cleaning component is pushed upward. 15. A method according to claim 11, wherein a gap is formed between ends of the corners not affixed to one of the walls. 16. A method according to claim 15, wherein one or more pieces extending from a perimeter of the portable electronic device protrude through the gap between the corners. 17. A method according to claim 11, wherein the housing can be affixed to at least one band and worn around a wrist of an individual. 18. A method according to claim 11, further comprising:
a support frame comprising a bottom surface and two or more corners affixed to the bottom surface. 19. A method according to claim 18, wherein at least one of the corners of the support frame is affixed to a wall that is attached to the bottom surface of the support frame. 20. A method according to claim 18, wherein the corners of the support frame fit within the voids of the corners of the housing or the corners of the support frame cover the corners of the housing. | 2,800 |
349,430 | 16,806,919 | 2,841 | An electronic device obtains credit information of a user, where the credit information of the user is derived at least in part from a usage history of the user for a shared product. The electronic device inputs the credit information of the user to a recommendation model for calculation, where the recommendation model is a machine learning model. The electronic device derives, based on the recommendation model, a shared product use probability. The electronic device recommends the shared product to the user based on the shared product use probability. | 1. A computer-implemented method for shared product recommendation, wherein the method comprises:
obtaining, by an electronic device, credit information of a user, wherein the credit information of the user is derived at least in part from a usage history of the user for a shared product; inputting, by the electronic device, the credit information of the user to a recommendation model for calculation, wherein the recommendation model is a machine learning model; deriving, by the electronic device and based on the recommendation model, a shared product use probability; and recommending, by the electronic device, the shared product to the user based on the shared product use probability. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises:
inputting basic information about the shared product to the recommendation model for calculation, wherein the basic information about the shared product comprises a credit admission condition of the shared product. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises:
inputting information about a precondition for use of the shared product to the recommendation model for calculation; and inputting user information to the recommendation model for calculation, wherein the user information is used to determine whether a user satisfies the precondition for use of the shared product. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein recommending the shared product to the user comprises:
determining that the shared product use probability satisfies a predetermined threshold; and recommending the shared product to the user responsive to determining that the shared product use probability satisfies the predetermined threshold. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein, before recommending the shared product to the user, the method comprises:
determining that the user satisfies the precondition for use of the shared product. 6. The method according to claim 3, wherein the precondition for use comprises at least one of the following conditions:
a distance between the user and the shared product is less than a predetermined threshold; the user corresponds to a user group predetermined for the shared product; a use environment of the user matches a use environment predetermined for the shared product; and a proportion of a negative usage history in the usage history of the user for the shared product is less than a predetermined threshold. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the credit information of the user is a credit score obtained by inputting the usage history of the user into a credit evaluation model. 8. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
obtaining, by an electronic device, credit information of a user, wherein the credit information of the user is derived at least in part from a usage history of the user for a shared product; inputting, by the electronic device, the credit information of the user to a recommendation model for calculation, wherein the recommendation model is a machine learning model; deriving, by the electronic device and based on the recommendation model, a shared product use probability; and recommending, by the electronic device, the shared product to the user based on the shared product use probability. 9. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the operations comprise:
inputting basic information about the shared product to the recommendation model for calculation, wherein the basic information about the shared product comprises a credit admission condition of the shared product. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the operations comprise:
inputting information about a precondition for use of the shared product to the recommendation model for calculation; and inputting user information to the recommendation model for calculation, wherein the user information is used to determine whether a user satisfies the precondition for use of the shared product. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 10, wherein recommending the shared product to the user comprises:
determining that the shared product use probability satisfies a predetermined threshold; and recommending the shared product to the user responsive to determining that the shared product use probability satisfies the predetermined threshold. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein, before recommending the shared product to the user, the operations comprise:
determining that the user satisfies the precondition for use of the shared product. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 10, wherein the precondition for use comprises at least one of the following conditions:
a distance between the user and the shared product is less than a predetermined threshold; the user corresponds to a user group predetermined for the shared product; a use environment of the user matches a use environment predetermined for the shared product; and a proportion of a negative usage history in the usage history of the user for the shared product is less than a predetermined threshold. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the credit information of the user is a credit score obtained by inputting the usage history of the user into a credit evaluation model. 15. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
obtaining, by an electronic device, credit information of a user, wherein the credit information of the user is derived at least in part from a usage history of the user for a shared product;
inputting, by the electronic device, the credit information of the user to a recommendation model for calculation, wherein the recommendation model is a machine learning model;
deriving, by the electronic device and based on the recommendation model, a shared product use probability; and
recommending, by the electronic device, the shared product to the user based on the shared product use probability. 16. The computer-implemented system according to claim 15, wherein the operations comprise:
inputting basic information about the shared product to the recommendation model for calculation, wherein the basic information about the shared product comprises a credit admission condition of the shared product. 17. The computer-implemented system according to claim 15, wherein the operations comprise:
inputting information about a precondition for use of the shared product to the recommendation model for calculation; and inputting user information to the recommendation model for calculation, wherein the user information is used to determine whether a user satisfies the precondition for use of the shared product. 18. The computer-implemented system according to claim 17, wherein recommending the shared product to the user comprises:
determining that the shared product use probability satisfies a predetermined threshold; and recommending the shared product to the user responsive to determining that the shared product use probability satisfies the predetermined threshold. 19. The computer-implemented system according to claim 18, wherein, before recommending the shared product to the user, the operations comprise:
determining that the user satisfies the precondition for use of the shared product. 20. The computer-implemented system according to claim 17, wherein the precondition for use comprises at least one of the following conditions:
a distance between the user and the shared product is less than a predetermined threshold; the user corresponds to a user group predetermined for the shared product; a use environment of the user matches a use environment predetermined for the shared product; and a proportion of a negative usage history in the usage history of the user for the shared product is less than a predetermined threshold. | An electronic device obtains credit information of a user, where the credit information of the user is derived at least in part from a usage history of the user for a shared product. The electronic device inputs the credit information of the user to a recommendation model for calculation, where the recommendation model is a machine learning model. The electronic device derives, based on the recommendation model, a shared product use probability. The electronic device recommends the shared product to the user based on the shared product use probability.1. A computer-implemented method for shared product recommendation, wherein the method comprises:
obtaining, by an electronic device, credit information of a user, wherein the credit information of the user is derived at least in part from a usage history of the user for a shared product; inputting, by the electronic device, the credit information of the user to a recommendation model for calculation, wherein the recommendation model is a machine learning model; deriving, by the electronic device and based on the recommendation model, a shared product use probability; and recommending, by the electronic device, the shared product to the user based on the shared product use probability. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises:
inputting basic information about the shared product to the recommendation model for calculation, wherein the basic information about the shared product comprises a credit admission condition of the shared product. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises:
inputting information about a precondition for use of the shared product to the recommendation model for calculation; and inputting user information to the recommendation model for calculation, wherein the user information is used to determine whether a user satisfies the precondition for use of the shared product. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein recommending the shared product to the user comprises:
determining that the shared product use probability satisfies a predetermined threshold; and recommending the shared product to the user responsive to determining that the shared product use probability satisfies the predetermined threshold. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein, before recommending the shared product to the user, the method comprises:
determining that the user satisfies the precondition for use of the shared product. 6. The method according to claim 3, wherein the precondition for use comprises at least one of the following conditions:
a distance between the user and the shared product is less than a predetermined threshold; the user corresponds to a user group predetermined for the shared product; a use environment of the user matches a use environment predetermined for the shared product; and a proportion of a negative usage history in the usage history of the user for the shared product is less than a predetermined threshold. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the credit information of the user is a credit score obtained by inputting the usage history of the user into a credit evaluation model. 8. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
obtaining, by an electronic device, credit information of a user, wherein the credit information of the user is derived at least in part from a usage history of the user for a shared product; inputting, by the electronic device, the credit information of the user to a recommendation model for calculation, wherein the recommendation model is a machine learning model; deriving, by the electronic device and based on the recommendation model, a shared product use probability; and recommending, by the electronic device, the shared product to the user based on the shared product use probability. 9. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the operations comprise:
inputting basic information about the shared product to the recommendation model for calculation, wherein the basic information about the shared product comprises a credit admission condition of the shared product. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the operations comprise:
inputting information about a precondition for use of the shared product to the recommendation model for calculation; and inputting user information to the recommendation model for calculation, wherein the user information is used to determine whether a user satisfies the precondition for use of the shared product. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 10, wherein recommending the shared product to the user comprises:
determining that the shared product use probability satisfies a predetermined threshold; and recommending the shared product to the user responsive to determining that the shared product use probability satisfies the predetermined threshold. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein, before recommending the shared product to the user, the operations comprise:
determining that the user satisfies the precondition for use of the shared product. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 10, wherein the precondition for use comprises at least one of the following conditions:
a distance between the user and the shared product is less than a predetermined threshold; the user corresponds to a user group predetermined for the shared product; a use environment of the user matches a use environment predetermined for the shared product; and a proportion of a negative usage history in the usage history of the user for the shared product is less than a predetermined threshold. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the credit information of the user is a credit score obtained by inputting the usage history of the user into a credit evaluation model. 15. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
obtaining, by an electronic device, credit information of a user, wherein the credit information of the user is derived at least in part from a usage history of the user for a shared product;
inputting, by the electronic device, the credit information of the user to a recommendation model for calculation, wherein the recommendation model is a machine learning model;
deriving, by the electronic device and based on the recommendation model, a shared product use probability; and
recommending, by the electronic device, the shared product to the user based on the shared product use probability. 16. The computer-implemented system according to claim 15, wherein the operations comprise:
inputting basic information about the shared product to the recommendation model for calculation, wherein the basic information about the shared product comprises a credit admission condition of the shared product. 17. The computer-implemented system according to claim 15, wherein the operations comprise:
inputting information about a precondition for use of the shared product to the recommendation model for calculation; and inputting user information to the recommendation model for calculation, wherein the user information is used to determine whether a user satisfies the precondition for use of the shared product. 18. The computer-implemented system according to claim 17, wherein recommending the shared product to the user comprises:
determining that the shared product use probability satisfies a predetermined threshold; and recommending the shared product to the user responsive to determining that the shared product use probability satisfies the predetermined threshold. 19. The computer-implemented system according to claim 18, wherein, before recommending the shared product to the user, the operations comprise:
determining that the user satisfies the precondition for use of the shared product. 20. The computer-implemented system according to claim 17, wherein the precondition for use comprises at least one of the following conditions:
a distance between the user and the shared product is less than a predetermined threshold; the user corresponds to a user group predetermined for the shared product; a use environment of the user matches a use environment predetermined for the shared product; and a proportion of a negative usage history in the usage history of the user for the shared product is less than a predetermined threshold. | 2,800 |
349,431 | 16,807,023 | 2,841 | A system and method including: receiving an authorization request originating from an authorization module of an application executing on a client device, where the authorization request includes an identifier identifying the client device; causing transmission, based on the identifier, of a verification message to the client device, where the verification message includes a verification code; receiving a confirmation of the verification code from the authorization module of the application executing on the client device; authenticating the application based on the receiving the confirmation of the verification code; determining that the client device identified by the identifier corresponds to a user account including secure user data associated with a user; and transmitting a unique token verifying that the application is authorized to sign into the user account, where: the unique token uniquely identifies the user account to the application, and the secure user data is not shared with the application. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving, from a client device, a first authorization request originating from a first authorization module of a first application executing on the client device, wherein the first authorization request comprises an identifier identifying the client device; causing, in response to the first authorization request and based on the identifier, transmission of a verification message to the client device, wherein the verification message comprises a verification code; receiving a confirmation of the verification code from the first authorization module of the first application executing on the client device; authenticating the first application based on the receiving the confirmation of the verification code; determining, after authenticating the first application, that the client device identified by the identifier corresponds to a user account that includes secure user data associated with a user; and transmitting, to the first authorization module of the first application, a first unique token verifying that the first application is authorized to sign into the user account, wherein:
the first unique token uniquely identifies the user account to the first application, and
the secure user data is not shared with the first application. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from the client device, a second authorization request originating from a second authorization module of a second application, wherein the second authorization request comprises the identifier; and transmitting, to the second authorization module, a second unique token verifying that the second application is authorized to sign into the user account, wherein:
the second unique token uniquely identifies the user account to the second application, and
the second unique token is different from the first unique token. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
receiving, from the first authorization module and the second authorization module, secure user data that represents use of the first application and use of the second application by the user; and storing the secure user data associated with the first application and the second application in the user account. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
receiving, from the first authorization module, an advertisement request from the first application; and providing, to the first authorization module, an advertisement based on the stored secure user data associated with the second application. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from the first authorization module, a set of contacts associated with the client device; identifying, based on the set of contacts, a set of user accounts that use other instances of the first application; and providing a set of unique tokens representing each of the user accounts of the set of user accounts to the first authorization module, wherein the first authorization module is operable to provide the set of unique tokens to the first application. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein causing transmission of the verification message includes:
identifying a service provider of the client device identified by the identifier; selecting an SMS aggregator based on the service provider; and providing the verification message to the SMS aggregator for transmission to the client device. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
causing transmission of a set of verification messages using a set of SMS aggregators based on the identified service provider, wherein the set of SMS aggregators includes the SMS aggregator; monitoring delivery performance of the set of verification messages by each of the set of SMS aggregators; calculating a ranking score of each of the set of SMS aggregators based on delivery performance; and selecting, based on the ranking scores, a preferred SMS aggregator from the set of SMS aggregators for subsequent verification message transmissions. 8. The method of claim 1:
wherein transmitting the first unique token further comprises transmitting a cryptographic nonce to the authorization module of the application; and the method further comprising:
storing the cryptographic nonce as a most-recently transmitted nonce in association with the authorization request;
receiving a sign-in request comprising a hashed value generated from the cryptographic nonce;
determining that the sign-in request is timely by determining that a locally generated value of the most-recently transmitted nonce matches the hashed value included in the sign-in request; and
transmitting a sign-in confirmation to the client device. 9. The method of claim 1, the verification code comprises at least one selected from a group consisting of an alphanumerical string, a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), an application link, a web link, a deep link, an image, an audio recording, binary file, and a text-based file. 10. A system comprising:
a computer processor; an identity module executing on the computer processor and configured to enable the computer processor to:
receive, from a client device, an authorization request originating from a first authorization module of a first application executing on the client device, wherein the authorization request comprises an identifier identifying the client device;
cause, in response to the authorization request and based on the identifier, transmission of a verification message to the client device, wherein the verification message comprises a verification code;
receive a confirmation of the verification code from the first authorization module of the first application executing on the client device;
authenticate the first application based on the receiving the confirmation of the verification code;
determine, after authenticating the first application, that the client device identified by the identifier corresponds to a user account including secure user data associated with a user; and
transmit, to the first authorization module of the first application, a unique token verifying that the first application is authorized to sign into the user account, wherein:
the unique token uniquely identifies the user account to the first application, and
the secure user data is not shared with the first application. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the identity module is further configured to enable the computer processor to:
receive, from the first authorization module and a second authorization module of the client device, secure user data that represents use of the first application and use of a second application of the client device by the user; store the secure user data associated with the first application and the second application in the user account; receive, from the first authorization module, an advertisement request from the first application; and provide, to the first authorization module, an advertisement based on the stored secure user data associated with the second application. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the identity module is further configured to enable the computer processor to:
identify a service provider of the client device identified by the identifier; cause transmission of a set of verification messages, to a set of client devices comprising the client device, using a set of SMS aggregators based on the service provider; monitor delivery performance of the set of verification messages by each of the set of SMS aggregators; calculate a ranking score of each of the set of SMS aggregators based on delivery performance; and select, based on the ranking scores, a preferred SMS aggregator from the set of SMS aggregators for subsequent verification message transmissions. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the identity module is further configured to enable the computer processor to:
transmit a cryptographic nonce to the first authorization module of the first application along with the unique token; store the cryptographic nonce as a most-recently transmitted nonce in association with the authorization request; receive a sign-in request comprising a hashed value generated from the cryptographic nonce; determine that the sign-in request is timely by determining that a locally generated hash value of the most-recently transmitted nonce matches the hashed value included in the sign-in request; and transmit a sign-in confirmation. 14. A method comprising:
transmitting, from a first authorization module of a first application executing on a client device, a first authorization request that includes an identifier identifying the client device, wherein the first authorization request is transmitted for verification that the client device identified by the identifier corresponds to a user account including secure user data associated with a user; receiving, at the first authorization module of the first application executing on the client device and in response to the first authorization request, a verification code; transmitting, from the first authorization module of the first application executing on the client device, a confirmation of the verification code; and receiving, at the first authorization module, a first unique token verifying that the first application is authorized to sign into the user account, wherein:
the first unique token uniquely identifies the user account to the first application, and
the secure user data is not shared with the first application. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
transmitting, from a second authorization module of a second application executing on the client device, a second authorization request comprising the identifier; and receiving, at the second authorization module, a second unique token verifying that the second application is authorized to sign into the user account, wherein:
the second unique token uniquely identifies the user account to the second application, and
the second unique token is different from the first unique token. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
transmitting, from the authorization module and the second authorization module, secure user data that represents use of the first application and use of the second application by the user for storage in the user account. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
transmitting, from the first authorization module, an advertisement request from the first application; and receiving, at the first authorization module, an advertisement based on the stored secure user data associated with the second application. 18. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
transmitting, from the first authorization module, a set of contacts associated with the client device; receiving, based on the set of contacts, a set of unique tokens representing a set of user accounts that use other instances of the first application; and providing the set of unique tokens to the first application. 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
transmitting, to a third-party server associated with the first application, the first unique token; and receiving, from the third-party server, application data associated with a third-party user account of the third-party server associated with the first unique token. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
receiving, at the first authorization module, the first authorization request from the first application; transferring, in response to the first authorization request, a foreground control of the client device from the first application to the first authorization module; and transferring, in response to receiving the first unique token, the foreground control of the client device from the first authorization module to the first application. | A system and method including: receiving an authorization request originating from an authorization module of an application executing on a client device, where the authorization request includes an identifier identifying the client device; causing transmission, based on the identifier, of a verification message to the client device, where the verification message includes a verification code; receiving a confirmation of the verification code from the authorization module of the application executing on the client device; authenticating the application based on the receiving the confirmation of the verification code; determining that the client device identified by the identifier corresponds to a user account including secure user data associated with a user; and transmitting a unique token verifying that the application is authorized to sign into the user account, where: the unique token uniquely identifies the user account to the application, and the secure user data is not shared with the application.1. A method comprising:
receiving, from a client device, a first authorization request originating from a first authorization module of a first application executing on the client device, wherein the first authorization request comprises an identifier identifying the client device; causing, in response to the first authorization request and based on the identifier, transmission of a verification message to the client device, wherein the verification message comprises a verification code; receiving a confirmation of the verification code from the first authorization module of the first application executing on the client device; authenticating the first application based on the receiving the confirmation of the verification code; determining, after authenticating the first application, that the client device identified by the identifier corresponds to a user account that includes secure user data associated with a user; and transmitting, to the first authorization module of the first application, a first unique token verifying that the first application is authorized to sign into the user account, wherein:
the first unique token uniquely identifies the user account to the first application, and
the secure user data is not shared with the first application. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from the client device, a second authorization request originating from a second authorization module of a second application, wherein the second authorization request comprises the identifier; and transmitting, to the second authorization module, a second unique token verifying that the second application is authorized to sign into the user account, wherein:
the second unique token uniquely identifies the user account to the second application, and
the second unique token is different from the first unique token. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
receiving, from the first authorization module and the second authorization module, secure user data that represents use of the first application and use of the second application by the user; and storing the secure user data associated with the first application and the second application in the user account. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
receiving, from the first authorization module, an advertisement request from the first application; and providing, to the first authorization module, an advertisement based on the stored secure user data associated with the second application. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from the first authorization module, a set of contacts associated with the client device; identifying, based on the set of contacts, a set of user accounts that use other instances of the first application; and providing a set of unique tokens representing each of the user accounts of the set of user accounts to the first authorization module, wherein the first authorization module is operable to provide the set of unique tokens to the first application. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein causing transmission of the verification message includes:
identifying a service provider of the client device identified by the identifier; selecting an SMS aggregator based on the service provider; and providing the verification message to the SMS aggregator for transmission to the client device. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
causing transmission of a set of verification messages using a set of SMS aggregators based on the identified service provider, wherein the set of SMS aggregators includes the SMS aggregator; monitoring delivery performance of the set of verification messages by each of the set of SMS aggregators; calculating a ranking score of each of the set of SMS aggregators based on delivery performance; and selecting, based on the ranking scores, a preferred SMS aggregator from the set of SMS aggregators for subsequent verification message transmissions. 8. The method of claim 1:
wherein transmitting the first unique token further comprises transmitting a cryptographic nonce to the authorization module of the application; and the method further comprising:
storing the cryptographic nonce as a most-recently transmitted nonce in association with the authorization request;
receiving a sign-in request comprising a hashed value generated from the cryptographic nonce;
determining that the sign-in request is timely by determining that a locally generated value of the most-recently transmitted nonce matches the hashed value included in the sign-in request; and
transmitting a sign-in confirmation to the client device. 9. The method of claim 1, the verification code comprises at least one selected from a group consisting of an alphanumerical string, a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), an application link, a web link, a deep link, an image, an audio recording, binary file, and a text-based file. 10. A system comprising:
a computer processor; an identity module executing on the computer processor and configured to enable the computer processor to:
receive, from a client device, an authorization request originating from a first authorization module of a first application executing on the client device, wherein the authorization request comprises an identifier identifying the client device;
cause, in response to the authorization request and based on the identifier, transmission of a verification message to the client device, wherein the verification message comprises a verification code;
receive a confirmation of the verification code from the first authorization module of the first application executing on the client device;
authenticate the first application based on the receiving the confirmation of the verification code;
determine, after authenticating the first application, that the client device identified by the identifier corresponds to a user account including secure user data associated with a user; and
transmit, to the first authorization module of the first application, a unique token verifying that the first application is authorized to sign into the user account, wherein:
the unique token uniquely identifies the user account to the first application, and
the secure user data is not shared with the first application. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the identity module is further configured to enable the computer processor to:
receive, from the first authorization module and a second authorization module of the client device, secure user data that represents use of the first application and use of a second application of the client device by the user; store the secure user data associated with the first application and the second application in the user account; receive, from the first authorization module, an advertisement request from the first application; and provide, to the first authorization module, an advertisement based on the stored secure user data associated with the second application. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the identity module is further configured to enable the computer processor to:
identify a service provider of the client device identified by the identifier; cause transmission of a set of verification messages, to a set of client devices comprising the client device, using a set of SMS aggregators based on the service provider; monitor delivery performance of the set of verification messages by each of the set of SMS aggregators; calculate a ranking score of each of the set of SMS aggregators based on delivery performance; and select, based on the ranking scores, a preferred SMS aggregator from the set of SMS aggregators for subsequent verification message transmissions. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the identity module is further configured to enable the computer processor to:
transmit a cryptographic nonce to the first authorization module of the first application along with the unique token; store the cryptographic nonce as a most-recently transmitted nonce in association with the authorization request; receive a sign-in request comprising a hashed value generated from the cryptographic nonce; determine that the sign-in request is timely by determining that a locally generated hash value of the most-recently transmitted nonce matches the hashed value included in the sign-in request; and transmit a sign-in confirmation. 14. A method comprising:
transmitting, from a first authorization module of a first application executing on a client device, a first authorization request that includes an identifier identifying the client device, wherein the first authorization request is transmitted for verification that the client device identified by the identifier corresponds to a user account including secure user data associated with a user; receiving, at the first authorization module of the first application executing on the client device and in response to the first authorization request, a verification code; transmitting, from the first authorization module of the first application executing on the client device, a confirmation of the verification code; and receiving, at the first authorization module, a first unique token verifying that the first application is authorized to sign into the user account, wherein:
the first unique token uniquely identifies the user account to the first application, and
the secure user data is not shared with the first application. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
transmitting, from a second authorization module of a second application executing on the client device, a second authorization request comprising the identifier; and receiving, at the second authorization module, a second unique token verifying that the second application is authorized to sign into the user account, wherein:
the second unique token uniquely identifies the user account to the second application, and
the second unique token is different from the first unique token. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
transmitting, from the authorization module and the second authorization module, secure user data that represents use of the first application and use of the second application by the user for storage in the user account. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
transmitting, from the first authorization module, an advertisement request from the first application; and receiving, at the first authorization module, an advertisement based on the stored secure user data associated with the second application. 18. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
transmitting, from the first authorization module, a set of contacts associated with the client device; receiving, based on the set of contacts, a set of unique tokens representing a set of user accounts that use other instances of the first application; and providing the set of unique tokens to the first application. 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
transmitting, to a third-party server associated with the first application, the first unique token; and receiving, from the third-party server, application data associated with a third-party user account of the third-party server associated with the first unique token. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
receiving, at the first authorization module, the first authorization request from the first application; transferring, in response to the first authorization request, a foreground control of the client device from the first application to the first authorization module; and transferring, in response to receiving the first unique token, the foreground control of the client device from the first authorization module to the first application. | 2,800 |
349,432 | 16,807,010 | 2,841 | A delivery system for delivering a heart valve prosthesis includes a heart valve prosthesis and a delivery catheter. The heart valve prosthesis includes an anchoring member and an inner valve support, and further includes a radially collapsed configuration and a radially expanded configuration. The delivery catheter includes a handle, an outer shaft, an intermediate shaft, an inner shaft, and a distal tip component. The delivery catheter further includes a delivery configuration. In the delivery configuration, the outer shaft of the delivery catheter is configured to retain a first portion of the anchoring member, the intermediate shaft is configured to retain a first portion of the inner valve support, and the distal tip component is configured to retain a second end of the anchoring member and a second end of the inner valve support each in a radially compressed state. | 1. A delivery system for percutaneously delivering a heart valve prosthesis to a site of a native valve, the delivery system comprising:
a heart valve prosthesis including an anchoring member at least partially surrounding and coupled to an inner valve support, the heart valve prosthesis having a radially collapsed configuration and a radially expanded configuration, and a delivery catheter having a delivery configuration and a release configuration, the delivery catheter including:
an outer shaft, wherein in the delivery configuration the outer shaft retains the anchoring member of the heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed state for delivery to a treatment site;
an intermediate shaft disposed through a lumen of the outer shaft, wherein in the delivery configuration the intermediate shaft retains at least a portion of the inner valve support of the heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed state for delivery to a treatment site; and
an inner shaft disposed through a lumen of the intermediate shaft. 2. The delivery system of claim 1, further comprising a distal tip component coupled to the inner shaft, wherein the distal tip component includes a distal shaft component extending proximally therefrom forming a recess between the distal shaft component and the inner shaft, wherein in the delivery configuration the distal shaft component retains a portion of the heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed state for delivery to a treatment site. 3. The delivery system of claim 2, wherein the inner shaft is axially slidable relative to the intermediate shaft and the outer shaft to advance the distal shaft component to release the portion of the heart valve prosthesis from the recess to enable the portion of the heart valve prosthesis to expand to a radially expanded state. 4. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein the outer shaft is proximally retractable from the delivery configuration relative to the intermediate shaft and the inner shaft to release the anchoring member from the outer shaft to enable the anchoring member to expand to a radially expanded state. 5. The delivery system of claim 4, wherein the intermediate shaft is proximally retractable from the delivery configuration relative to the inner shaft and the outer shaft to release the inner valve support from the intermediate shaft to enable the inner valve support to expand to a radially expanded state. 6. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein the delivery catheter further comprises a spindle shaft disposed between in the inner shaft and the intermediate shaft, wherein the spindle shaft is configured to maintain the longitudinal positon of the heart valve prosthesis relative to a handle of the delivery catheter. 7. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein in the delivery configuration, an inflow end of the heart valve prosthesis faces a proximal direction of the delivery catheter. 8. The delivery system of claim 7, wherein the anchoring member is coupled to the inner valve support at an outflow portion of the heart valve prosthesis. 9. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein in the delivery configuration the intermediate shaft encircles the inner valve support and is disposed radially within the anchoring member, and wherein in the delivery configuration the outer shaft encircles the anchoring member. 10. A delivery catheter for percutaneously delivering a heart valve prosthesis to a site of a native valve, the delivery catheter comprising:
a handle; an outer shaft operably coupled to the handle such that the outer shaft is axially slidable relative to the handle; an intermediate shaft disposed within a lumen of the outer shaft, wherein the intermediate shaft is operably coupled to the handle such that the intermediate shaft is axially slidable relative to the handle; and an inner shaft disposed within a lumen of the intermediate shaft and coupled to the handle; wherein the outer shaft is axially slidable relative to the intermediate shaft and the inner shaft; wherein the intermediate shaft is axially slidable relative to the outer shaft and the inner shaft; and wherein the outer shaft and the intermediate shaft are configured in combination to retain a heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed configuration. 11. The delivery catheter of claim 10, further comprising a distal tip component coupled to the inner shaft, wherein the inner shaft is operably coupled to the handle and the distal tip component includes a distal shaft component extending proximally, and wherein the outer shaft, the intermediate shaft, and the distal shaft component are configured in combination to retain the heart valve prosthesis in the radially compressed configuration such that the delivery catheter enables multi-stage deployment of the heart valve prosthesis. 12. The delivery catheter of claim 11, wherein when the delivery catheter is in the delivery configuration, the outer shaft is configured to retain an outer member of the heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed state, the intermediate shaft is configured to retain an inner member of the heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed state, and the distal shaft component of the distal tip component is configured to retain a distal portion of the heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed state. 13. The delivery catheter of claim 10, wherein the delivery catheter further comprises a spindle shaft disposed between in the inner shaft and the intermediate shaft, wherein the spindle shaft is configured to maintain the longitudinal positon of the heart valve prosthesis relative to the handle of the delivery catheter. 14. A method of delivering and deploying a heart valve prosthesis at a site of a native heart valve, the method comprising the steps of:
positioning a delivery catheter at a site of a native heart valve with the heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed configuration, wherein the heart valve prosthesis includes an outer member coupled to an inner member and a prosthetic valve component coupled to the inner member, wherein the delivery catheter includes an outer shaft, an intermediate shaft, and an inner shaft configured in combination to hold the heart valve prosthesis in the radially compressed configuration; retracting the outer shaft to release the outer member of the heart valve prosthesis from the outer shaft such that the outer member radially expands; and after the step of retracting the outer shaft, retracting the intermediate shaft to release the inner member of the heart valve prosthesis from the intermediate shaft such that the inner member radially expands. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the native heart valve is a mitral valve. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the step of positioning the delivery catheter at the site of a native heart valve comprises advancing the delivery catheter from a right atrium to a left atrium via a puncture in a septal wall. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein an inflow portion of the heart valve prosthesis faces a proximal portion of the delivery catheter. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising the step of:
after retracting the outer shaft and before retracting the intermediate shaft, advancing the delivery catheter such that a brim of the outer member engages an atrial side of an annulus of the mitral valve. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the delivery catheter further includes a distal tip component coupled to a distal portion of the inner shaft, the distal tip component including a distal shaft component extending proximally from the distal tip component, wherein in the delivery configuration the distal shaft component encircles an outflow portion of the heart valve prosthesis, further comprising the step of:
after the step of retracting the intermediate shaft, distally advancing the inner shaft to distally advance the distal shaft component to release the outflow portion of the heart valve prosthesis from the distal shaft component such that the outflow portion of the heart valve prosthesis radially expands. | A delivery system for delivering a heart valve prosthesis includes a heart valve prosthesis and a delivery catheter. The heart valve prosthesis includes an anchoring member and an inner valve support, and further includes a radially collapsed configuration and a radially expanded configuration. The delivery catheter includes a handle, an outer shaft, an intermediate shaft, an inner shaft, and a distal tip component. The delivery catheter further includes a delivery configuration. In the delivery configuration, the outer shaft of the delivery catheter is configured to retain a first portion of the anchoring member, the intermediate shaft is configured to retain a first portion of the inner valve support, and the distal tip component is configured to retain a second end of the anchoring member and a second end of the inner valve support each in a radially compressed state.1. A delivery system for percutaneously delivering a heart valve prosthesis to a site of a native valve, the delivery system comprising:
a heart valve prosthesis including an anchoring member at least partially surrounding and coupled to an inner valve support, the heart valve prosthesis having a radially collapsed configuration and a radially expanded configuration, and a delivery catheter having a delivery configuration and a release configuration, the delivery catheter including:
an outer shaft, wherein in the delivery configuration the outer shaft retains the anchoring member of the heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed state for delivery to a treatment site;
an intermediate shaft disposed through a lumen of the outer shaft, wherein in the delivery configuration the intermediate shaft retains at least a portion of the inner valve support of the heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed state for delivery to a treatment site; and
an inner shaft disposed through a lumen of the intermediate shaft. 2. The delivery system of claim 1, further comprising a distal tip component coupled to the inner shaft, wherein the distal tip component includes a distal shaft component extending proximally therefrom forming a recess between the distal shaft component and the inner shaft, wherein in the delivery configuration the distal shaft component retains a portion of the heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed state for delivery to a treatment site. 3. The delivery system of claim 2, wherein the inner shaft is axially slidable relative to the intermediate shaft and the outer shaft to advance the distal shaft component to release the portion of the heart valve prosthesis from the recess to enable the portion of the heart valve prosthesis to expand to a radially expanded state. 4. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein the outer shaft is proximally retractable from the delivery configuration relative to the intermediate shaft and the inner shaft to release the anchoring member from the outer shaft to enable the anchoring member to expand to a radially expanded state. 5. The delivery system of claim 4, wherein the intermediate shaft is proximally retractable from the delivery configuration relative to the inner shaft and the outer shaft to release the inner valve support from the intermediate shaft to enable the inner valve support to expand to a radially expanded state. 6. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein the delivery catheter further comprises a spindle shaft disposed between in the inner shaft and the intermediate shaft, wherein the spindle shaft is configured to maintain the longitudinal positon of the heart valve prosthesis relative to a handle of the delivery catheter. 7. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein in the delivery configuration, an inflow end of the heart valve prosthesis faces a proximal direction of the delivery catheter. 8. The delivery system of claim 7, wherein the anchoring member is coupled to the inner valve support at an outflow portion of the heart valve prosthesis. 9. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein in the delivery configuration the intermediate shaft encircles the inner valve support and is disposed radially within the anchoring member, and wherein in the delivery configuration the outer shaft encircles the anchoring member. 10. A delivery catheter for percutaneously delivering a heart valve prosthesis to a site of a native valve, the delivery catheter comprising:
a handle; an outer shaft operably coupled to the handle such that the outer shaft is axially slidable relative to the handle; an intermediate shaft disposed within a lumen of the outer shaft, wherein the intermediate shaft is operably coupled to the handle such that the intermediate shaft is axially slidable relative to the handle; and an inner shaft disposed within a lumen of the intermediate shaft and coupled to the handle; wherein the outer shaft is axially slidable relative to the intermediate shaft and the inner shaft; wherein the intermediate shaft is axially slidable relative to the outer shaft and the inner shaft; and wherein the outer shaft and the intermediate shaft are configured in combination to retain a heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed configuration. 11. The delivery catheter of claim 10, further comprising a distal tip component coupled to the inner shaft, wherein the inner shaft is operably coupled to the handle and the distal tip component includes a distal shaft component extending proximally, and wherein the outer shaft, the intermediate shaft, and the distal shaft component are configured in combination to retain the heart valve prosthesis in the radially compressed configuration such that the delivery catheter enables multi-stage deployment of the heart valve prosthesis. 12. The delivery catheter of claim 11, wherein when the delivery catheter is in the delivery configuration, the outer shaft is configured to retain an outer member of the heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed state, the intermediate shaft is configured to retain an inner member of the heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed state, and the distal shaft component of the distal tip component is configured to retain a distal portion of the heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed state. 13. The delivery catheter of claim 10, wherein the delivery catheter further comprises a spindle shaft disposed between in the inner shaft and the intermediate shaft, wherein the spindle shaft is configured to maintain the longitudinal positon of the heart valve prosthesis relative to the handle of the delivery catheter. 14. A method of delivering and deploying a heart valve prosthesis at a site of a native heart valve, the method comprising the steps of:
positioning a delivery catheter at a site of a native heart valve with the heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed configuration, wherein the heart valve prosthesis includes an outer member coupled to an inner member and a prosthetic valve component coupled to the inner member, wherein the delivery catheter includes an outer shaft, an intermediate shaft, and an inner shaft configured in combination to hold the heart valve prosthesis in the radially compressed configuration; retracting the outer shaft to release the outer member of the heart valve prosthesis from the outer shaft such that the outer member radially expands; and after the step of retracting the outer shaft, retracting the intermediate shaft to release the inner member of the heart valve prosthesis from the intermediate shaft such that the inner member radially expands. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the native heart valve is a mitral valve. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the step of positioning the delivery catheter at the site of a native heart valve comprises advancing the delivery catheter from a right atrium to a left atrium via a puncture in a septal wall. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein an inflow portion of the heart valve prosthesis faces a proximal portion of the delivery catheter. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising the step of:
after retracting the outer shaft and before retracting the intermediate shaft, advancing the delivery catheter such that a brim of the outer member engages an atrial side of an annulus of the mitral valve. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the delivery catheter further includes a distal tip component coupled to a distal portion of the inner shaft, the distal tip component including a distal shaft component extending proximally from the distal tip component, wherein in the delivery configuration the distal shaft component encircles an outflow portion of the heart valve prosthesis, further comprising the step of:
after the step of retracting the intermediate shaft, distally advancing the inner shaft to distally advance the distal shaft component to release the outflow portion of the heart valve prosthesis from the distal shaft component such that the outflow portion of the heart valve prosthesis radially expands. | 2,800 |
349,433 | 16,807,052 | 2,841 | A delivery system for delivering a heart valve prosthesis includes a heart valve prosthesis and a delivery catheter. The heart valve prosthesis includes an anchoring member and an inner valve support, and further includes a radially collapsed configuration and a radially expanded configuration. The delivery catheter includes a handle, an outer shaft, an intermediate shaft, an inner shaft, and a distal tip component. The delivery catheter further includes a delivery configuration. In the delivery configuration, the outer shaft of the delivery catheter is configured to retain a first portion of the anchoring member, the intermediate shaft is configured to retain a first portion of the inner valve support, and the distal tip component is configured to retain a second end of the anchoring member and a second end of the inner valve support each in a radially compressed state. | 1. A delivery system for percutaneously delivering a heart valve prosthesis to a site of a native valve, the delivery system comprising:
a heart valve prosthesis including an anchoring member at least partially surrounding and coupled to an inner valve support, the heart valve prosthesis having a radially collapsed configuration and a radially expanded configuration, and a delivery catheter having a delivery configuration and a release configuration, the delivery catheter including:
an outer shaft, wherein in the delivery configuration the outer shaft retains the anchoring member of the heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed state for delivery to a treatment site;
an intermediate shaft disposed through a lumen of the outer shaft, wherein in the delivery configuration the intermediate shaft retains at least a portion of the inner valve support of the heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed state for delivery to a treatment site; and
an inner shaft disposed through a lumen of the intermediate shaft. 2. The delivery system of claim 1, further comprising a distal tip component coupled to the inner shaft, wherein the distal tip component includes a distal shaft component extending proximally therefrom forming a recess between the distal shaft component and the inner shaft, wherein in the delivery configuration the distal shaft component retains a portion of the heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed state for delivery to a treatment site. 3. The delivery system of claim 2, wherein the inner shaft is axially slidable relative to the intermediate shaft and the outer shaft to advance the distal shaft component to release the portion of the heart valve prosthesis from the recess to enable the portion of the heart valve prosthesis to expand to a radially expanded state. 4. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein the outer shaft is proximally retractable from the delivery configuration relative to the intermediate shaft and the inner shaft to release the anchoring member from the outer shaft to enable the anchoring member to expand to a radially expanded state. 5. The delivery system of claim 4, wherein the intermediate shaft is proximally retractable from the delivery configuration relative to the inner shaft and the outer shaft to release the inner valve support from the intermediate shaft to enable the inner valve support to expand to a radially expanded state. 6. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein the delivery catheter further comprises a spindle shaft disposed between in the inner shaft and the intermediate shaft, wherein the spindle shaft is configured to maintain the longitudinal positon of the heart valve prosthesis relative to a handle of the delivery catheter. 7. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein in the delivery configuration, an inflow end of the heart valve prosthesis faces a proximal direction of the delivery catheter. 8. The delivery system of claim 7, wherein the anchoring member is coupled to the inner valve support at an outflow portion of the heart valve prosthesis. 9. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein in the delivery configuration the intermediate shaft encircles the inner valve support and is disposed radially within the anchoring member, and wherein in the delivery configuration the outer shaft encircles the anchoring member. 10. A delivery catheter for percutaneously delivering a heart valve prosthesis to a site of a native valve, the delivery catheter comprising:
a handle; an outer shaft operably coupled to the handle such that the outer shaft is axially slidable relative to the handle; an intermediate shaft disposed within a lumen of the outer shaft, wherein the intermediate shaft is operably coupled to the handle such that the intermediate shaft is axially slidable relative to the handle; and an inner shaft disposed within a lumen of the intermediate shaft and coupled to the handle; wherein the outer shaft is axially slidable relative to the intermediate shaft and the inner shaft; wherein the intermediate shaft is axially slidable relative to the outer shaft and the inner shaft; and wherein the outer shaft and the intermediate shaft are configured in combination to retain a heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed configuration. 11. The delivery catheter of claim 10, further comprising a distal tip component coupled to the inner shaft, wherein the inner shaft is operably coupled to the handle and the distal tip component includes a distal shaft component extending proximally, and wherein the outer shaft, the intermediate shaft, and the distal shaft component are configured in combination to retain the heart valve prosthesis in the radially compressed configuration such that the delivery catheter enables multi-stage deployment of the heart valve prosthesis. 12. The delivery catheter of claim 11, wherein when the delivery catheter is in the delivery configuration, the outer shaft is configured to retain an outer member of the heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed state, the intermediate shaft is configured to retain an inner member of the heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed state, and the distal shaft component of the distal tip component is configured to retain a distal portion of the heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed state. 13. The delivery catheter of claim 10, wherein the delivery catheter further comprises a spindle shaft disposed between in the inner shaft and the intermediate shaft, wherein the spindle shaft is configured to maintain the longitudinal positon of the heart valve prosthesis relative to the handle of the delivery catheter. 14. A method of delivering and deploying a heart valve prosthesis at a site of a native heart valve, the method comprising the steps of:
positioning a delivery catheter at a site of a native heart valve with the heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed configuration, wherein the heart valve prosthesis includes an outer member coupled to an inner member and a prosthetic valve component coupled to the inner member, wherein the delivery catheter includes an outer shaft, an intermediate shaft, and an inner shaft configured in combination to hold the heart valve prosthesis in the radially compressed configuration; retracting the outer shaft to release the outer member of the heart valve prosthesis from the outer shaft such that the outer member radially expands; and after the step of retracting the outer shaft, retracting the intermediate shaft to release the inner member of the heart valve prosthesis from the intermediate shaft such that the inner member radially expands. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the native heart valve is a mitral valve. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the step of positioning the delivery catheter at the site of a native heart valve comprises advancing the delivery catheter from a right atrium to a left atrium via a puncture in a septal wall. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein an inflow portion of the heart valve prosthesis faces a proximal portion of the delivery catheter. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising the step of:
after retracting the outer shaft and before retracting the intermediate shaft, advancing the delivery catheter such that a brim of the outer member engages an atrial side of an annulus of the mitral valve. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the delivery catheter further includes a distal tip component coupled to a distal portion of the inner shaft, the distal tip component including a distal shaft component extending proximally from the distal tip component, wherein in the delivery configuration the distal shaft component encircles an outflow portion of the heart valve prosthesis, further comprising the step of:
after the step of retracting the intermediate shaft, distally advancing the inner shaft to distally advance the distal shaft component to release the outflow portion of the heart valve prosthesis from the distal shaft component such that the outflow portion of the heart valve prosthesis radially expands. | A delivery system for delivering a heart valve prosthesis includes a heart valve prosthesis and a delivery catheter. The heart valve prosthesis includes an anchoring member and an inner valve support, and further includes a radially collapsed configuration and a radially expanded configuration. The delivery catheter includes a handle, an outer shaft, an intermediate shaft, an inner shaft, and a distal tip component. The delivery catheter further includes a delivery configuration. In the delivery configuration, the outer shaft of the delivery catheter is configured to retain a first portion of the anchoring member, the intermediate shaft is configured to retain a first portion of the inner valve support, and the distal tip component is configured to retain a second end of the anchoring member and a second end of the inner valve support each in a radially compressed state.1. A delivery system for percutaneously delivering a heart valve prosthesis to a site of a native valve, the delivery system comprising:
a heart valve prosthesis including an anchoring member at least partially surrounding and coupled to an inner valve support, the heart valve prosthesis having a radially collapsed configuration and a radially expanded configuration, and a delivery catheter having a delivery configuration and a release configuration, the delivery catheter including:
an outer shaft, wherein in the delivery configuration the outer shaft retains the anchoring member of the heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed state for delivery to a treatment site;
an intermediate shaft disposed through a lumen of the outer shaft, wherein in the delivery configuration the intermediate shaft retains at least a portion of the inner valve support of the heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed state for delivery to a treatment site; and
an inner shaft disposed through a lumen of the intermediate shaft. 2. The delivery system of claim 1, further comprising a distal tip component coupled to the inner shaft, wherein the distal tip component includes a distal shaft component extending proximally therefrom forming a recess between the distal shaft component and the inner shaft, wherein in the delivery configuration the distal shaft component retains a portion of the heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed state for delivery to a treatment site. 3. The delivery system of claim 2, wherein the inner shaft is axially slidable relative to the intermediate shaft and the outer shaft to advance the distal shaft component to release the portion of the heart valve prosthesis from the recess to enable the portion of the heart valve prosthesis to expand to a radially expanded state. 4. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein the outer shaft is proximally retractable from the delivery configuration relative to the intermediate shaft and the inner shaft to release the anchoring member from the outer shaft to enable the anchoring member to expand to a radially expanded state. 5. The delivery system of claim 4, wherein the intermediate shaft is proximally retractable from the delivery configuration relative to the inner shaft and the outer shaft to release the inner valve support from the intermediate shaft to enable the inner valve support to expand to a radially expanded state. 6. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein the delivery catheter further comprises a spindle shaft disposed between in the inner shaft and the intermediate shaft, wherein the spindle shaft is configured to maintain the longitudinal positon of the heart valve prosthesis relative to a handle of the delivery catheter. 7. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein in the delivery configuration, an inflow end of the heart valve prosthesis faces a proximal direction of the delivery catheter. 8. The delivery system of claim 7, wherein the anchoring member is coupled to the inner valve support at an outflow portion of the heart valve prosthesis. 9. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein in the delivery configuration the intermediate shaft encircles the inner valve support and is disposed radially within the anchoring member, and wherein in the delivery configuration the outer shaft encircles the anchoring member. 10. A delivery catheter for percutaneously delivering a heart valve prosthesis to a site of a native valve, the delivery catheter comprising:
a handle; an outer shaft operably coupled to the handle such that the outer shaft is axially slidable relative to the handle; an intermediate shaft disposed within a lumen of the outer shaft, wherein the intermediate shaft is operably coupled to the handle such that the intermediate shaft is axially slidable relative to the handle; and an inner shaft disposed within a lumen of the intermediate shaft and coupled to the handle; wherein the outer shaft is axially slidable relative to the intermediate shaft and the inner shaft; wherein the intermediate shaft is axially slidable relative to the outer shaft and the inner shaft; and wherein the outer shaft and the intermediate shaft are configured in combination to retain a heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed configuration. 11. The delivery catheter of claim 10, further comprising a distal tip component coupled to the inner shaft, wherein the inner shaft is operably coupled to the handle and the distal tip component includes a distal shaft component extending proximally, and wherein the outer shaft, the intermediate shaft, and the distal shaft component are configured in combination to retain the heart valve prosthesis in the radially compressed configuration such that the delivery catheter enables multi-stage deployment of the heart valve prosthesis. 12. The delivery catheter of claim 11, wherein when the delivery catheter is in the delivery configuration, the outer shaft is configured to retain an outer member of the heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed state, the intermediate shaft is configured to retain an inner member of the heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed state, and the distal shaft component of the distal tip component is configured to retain a distal portion of the heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed state. 13. The delivery catheter of claim 10, wherein the delivery catheter further comprises a spindle shaft disposed between in the inner shaft and the intermediate shaft, wherein the spindle shaft is configured to maintain the longitudinal positon of the heart valve prosthesis relative to the handle of the delivery catheter. 14. A method of delivering and deploying a heart valve prosthesis at a site of a native heart valve, the method comprising the steps of:
positioning a delivery catheter at a site of a native heart valve with the heart valve prosthesis in a radially compressed configuration, wherein the heart valve prosthesis includes an outer member coupled to an inner member and a prosthetic valve component coupled to the inner member, wherein the delivery catheter includes an outer shaft, an intermediate shaft, and an inner shaft configured in combination to hold the heart valve prosthesis in the radially compressed configuration; retracting the outer shaft to release the outer member of the heart valve prosthesis from the outer shaft such that the outer member radially expands; and after the step of retracting the outer shaft, retracting the intermediate shaft to release the inner member of the heart valve prosthesis from the intermediate shaft such that the inner member radially expands. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the native heart valve is a mitral valve. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the step of positioning the delivery catheter at the site of a native heart valve comprises advancing the delivery catheter from a right atrium to a left atrium via a puncture in a septal wall. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein an inflow portion of the heart valve prosthesis faces a proximal portion of the delivery catheter. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising the step of:
after retracting the outer shaft and before retracting the intermediate shaft, advancing the delivery catheter such that a brim of the outer member engages an atrial side of an annulus of the mitral valve. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the delivery catheter further includes a distal tip component coupled to a distal portion of the inner shaft, the distal tip component including a distal shaft component extending proximally from the distal tip component, wherein in the delivery configuration the distal shaft component encircles an outflow portion of the heart valve prosthesis, further comprising the step of:
after the step of retracting the intermediate shaft, distally advancing the inner shaft to distally advance the distal shaft component to release the outflow portion of the heart valve prosthesis from the distal shaft component such that the outflow portion of the heart valve prosthesis radially expands. | 2,800 |
349,434 | 16,807,027 | 2,841 | A casing structure including a plastic casing, at least one metal component, and a conductive layer is provided. The at least one metal component is disposed on the plastic casing, and at least one side surface of the at least one metal component is covered by the plastic casing. The conductive layer is disposed on the metal component and extends to the plastic casing. In addition, a manufacturing method of the casing structure is also provided. | 1. A casing structure, comprising:
a plastic casing; at least one metal component, disposed on the plastic casing, wherein at least one side surface of the at least one metal component is covered by the plastic casing; and a conductive layer, disposed on the at least one metal component and extending to the plastic casing. 2. The casing structure according to claim 1, wherein the at least one metal component is disposed on a surface of the plastic casing, the at least one side surface of the at least one metal component adjoins the surface of the plastic casing, the plastic casing has at least one extension wall, and the at least one extension wall extends from the surface of the plastic casing and covers the at least one side surface of the at least one metal component. 3. The casing structure according to claim 2, wherein the at least one side surface of the at least one metal component is perpendicular to the surface of the plastic casing. 4. The casing structure according to claim 2, wherein a top surface of the at least one extension wall adjoins a top surface of the at least one metal component, and the top surface of the at least one extension wall is level with the top surface of the at least one metal component. 5. The casing structure according to claim 4, wherein the conductive layer covers the top surface of the at least one extension wall and the top surface of the at least one metal component. 6. The casing structure according to claim 1, wherein the at least one metal component is located at a corner area of the plastic casing. 7. A manufacturing method of a casing structure, comprising:
providing at least one metal component; forming a plastic casing on the at least one metal component, so that at least one side surface of the at least one metal component is covered by the plastic casing; and forming a conductive layer on the at least one metal component, and enabling the conductive layer to be extended to the plastic casing. 8. The manufacturing method according to claim 7, wherein the step of forming the plastic casing comprises an in-mold injection process. 9. The manufacturing method according to claim 7, wherein the step of forming the conductive layer comprises a sputtering process. 10. The manufacturing method according to claim 7, comprising adjoining the at least one side surface of the at least one metal component and a surface of the plastic casing, and enabling at least one extension wall of the plastic casing to be extended from the surface of the plastic casing and cover the at least one side surface of the at least one metal component. 11. The manufacturing method according to claim 10, comprising enabling the at least one side surface of the at least one metal component to be perpendicular to the surface of the plastic casing. 12. The manufacturing method according to claim 10, comprising adjoining a top surface of the at least one extension wall and a top surface of the at least one metal component, and enabling the top surface of the at least one extension wall to be level with the top surface of the at least one metal component. 13. The manufacturing method according to claim 12, comprising covering the top surface of the at least one extension wall and the top surface of the at least one metal component by the conductive layer. 14. The manufacturing method according to claim 7, comprising disposing the at least one metal component at a corner area of the plastic casing. | A casing structure including a plastic casing, at least one metal component, and a conductive layer is provided. The at least one metal component is disposed on the plastic casing, and at least one side surface of the at least one metal component is covered by the plastic casing. The conductive layer is disposed on the metal component and extends to the plastic casing. In addition, a manufacturing method of the casing structure is also provided.1. A casing structure, comprising:
a plastic casing; at least one metal component, disposed on the plastic casing, wherein at least one side surface of the at least one metal component is covered by the plastic casing; and a conductive layer, disposed on the at least one metal component and extending to the plastic casing. 2. The casing structure according to claim 1, wherein the at least one metal component is disposed on a surface of the plastic casing, the at least one side surface of the at least one metal component adjoins the surface of the plastic casing, the plastic casing has at least one extension wall, and the at least one extension wall extends from the surface of the plastic casing and covers the at least one side surface of the at least one metal component. 3. The casing structure according to claim 2, wherein the at least one side surface of the at least one metal component is perpendicular to the surface of the plastic casing. 4. The casing structure according to claim 2, wherein a top surface of the at least one extension wall adjoins a top surface of the at least one metal component, and the top surface of the at least one extension wall is level with the top surface of the at least one metal component. 5. The casing structure according to claim 4, wherein the conductive layer covers the top surface of the at least one extension wall and the top surface of the at least one metal component. 6. The casing structure according to claim 1, wherein the at least one metal component is located at a corner area of the plastic casing. 7. A manufacturing method of a casing structure, comprising:
providing at least one metal component; forming a plastic casing on the at least one metal component, so that at least one side surface of the at least one metal component is covered by the plastic casing; and forming a conductive layer on the at least one metal component, and enabling the conductive layer to be extended to the plastic casing. 8. The manufacturing method according to claim 7, wherein the step of forming the plastic casing comprises an in-mold injection process. 9. The manufacturing method according to claim 7, wherein the step of forming the conductive layer comprises a sputtering process. 10. The manufacturing method according to claim 7, comprising adjoining the at least one side surface of the at least one metal component and a surface of the plastic casing, and enabling at least one extension wall of the plastic casing to be extended from the surface of the plastic casing and cover the at least one side surface of the at least one metal component. 11. The manufacturing method according to claim 10, comprising enabling the at least one side surface of the at least one metal component to be perpendicular to the surface of the plastic casing. 12. The manufacturing method according to claim 10, comprising adjoining a top surface of the at least one extension wall and a top surface of the at least one metal component, and enabling the top surface of the at least one extension wall to be level with the top surface of the at least one metal component. 13. The manufacturing method according to claim 12, comprising covering the top surface of the at least one extension wall and the top surface of the at least one metal component by the conductive layer. 14. The manufacturing method according to claim 7, comprising disposing the at least one metal component at a corner area of the plastic casing. | 2,800 |
349,435 | 16,807,041 | 2,192 | A computer system provides at least one workspace as a user interface corresponding to a user-generated topic. A home topic is provided to the user as an initially selected topic. The home topic provides a workspace to the user as a user interface. User selection of a first topic within the home topic causes designation of the first topic as the current topic. A first workspace is associated with the first topic, and a first topic data structure associated with the first topic is generated and the first topic data structure is associated only with application windows, files and application related data used by the user while the first topic is designated as the current topic. The user is provided, within the first workspace, only application windows, files and application related data used by the user while the first topic is designated as the current topic. | 1. A computer system with an operating system that provides user access through a user account, each user account configurable by an associated user to provide a plurality of user work environments, each of the user work environments called a topic, and the plurality of user work environments comprising at least a first topic and a second topic, each topic providing one or more troves associated with user activity while the topic is selected as the user's current topic, the computer system providing a user interface that permits interaction with the second topic, generated by a user, that includes at least one associated workspace, the system comprising:
data storage, operatively coupled to a processor, for storing trove data in one or more troves, each trove associated with an application executing while the user has selected the second topic as the current topic; the processor configured to execute instructions that cause the processor to:
provide to the user of a first user account, the first topic, initially selected as a current topic corresponding to the first user account, wherein the first topic associates a first topic current workspace to the user as a user interface;
respond to user selection of the second topic, different from the first topic, by,
designating the second topic as the current topic provided to the user;
associating a second topic current workspace with the second topic; and
allocating a trove per application used by the user while the second topic is selected as the current topic. 2. The computer system of claim 1 wherein the instructions that cause the processor to respond to user selection of the second topic, comprise instructions that cause the processor to create the second topic in response to the user designating for use as a topic folder for the second topic, a folder in a file system that is stored at least in part in the data storage. 3. The computer system of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to execute instructions that cause the processor to:
respond to subsequent user re-selection of the second topic or the first topic as a selected topic by
designating the selected topic as the current topic provided to the user;
retrieving one or more portions of the selected topic from one or more troves allocated for the selected topic; and
providing to the user, in response to one or more user inputs, a workspace corresponding to the selected topic as the user interface. 4. The computer system of claim 1 further comprising instructions that cause the processor to respond to closing by the user of the first topic by ensuring that the trove data corresponding to the first topic has been persistently stored. 5. The computer system of claim 1 wherein the second topic may comprise one or more workspaces, one of the workspaces being a current workspace, and wherein the processor is further configured to respond to user selection of a second workspace for the second topic, by designating the second workspace as the current workspace for the second topic. 6. The computer system of claim 1 wherein the processor is configured to execute instructions that cause the processor to:
associate the second topic as a subtopic of the first topic in a hierarchyassociate a third topic as a subtopic of the first topic in the hierarchy; and
associate additional topics as subtopics in the hierarchy. 7. The computer system of claim 6 wherein the processor is configured to execute instructions that cause the processor to:
associate a third topic as a subtopic of the second topic in a hierarchy;
wherein the hierarchy may have multiple levels. 8. The computer system of claim 6 wherein the first topic is a home topic, having associated therewith a home topic preferences data structure comprising a plurality of home topic user preferences regarding applications executed by the computer system and wherein the processor is further configured to execute instructions that cause the processor, when the home topic is the current topic, to:
reference the home topic user preferences as inherited default preferences for the second topic;
accept a user modification of an inherited default preference;
create a second topic data structure; and
store the user modification of the inherited default preference to the second topic data structure thereby overriding the inherited default preference. 9. The computer system of claim 6 wherein the second topic has associated therewith a second topic preferences data structure comprising a plurality of second topic user preferences regarding applications executed by the computer system and wherein the processor is further configured to execute instructions that cause the processor, when the third topic is the current topic, to:
reference the second topic user preferences as inherited default preferences for the third topic;
accept a user modification of an inherited default preference;
create a third topic data structure; and
store the user modification of the inherited default preference to the third topic data structure thereby overriding the inherited default preference. 10. (canceled) 11. (canceled) 12. (canceled) 13. (canceled) 14. The computer system of claim 1 wherein a second computer system maintains a data collection corresponding to the first topic, and wherein the processor is further configured to execute instructions that cause the processor to:
receive from the second computer system, data from the data collection; and
associate the data from the data collection received from the second computer system with the first topic. 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. The computer system of claim 1 wherein the first topic is a home topic, having one or more associated troves corresponding to the home topic, and wherein,
the data storage includes a default preferences data structure comprising a plurality of default user preferences, and wherein the one or more associated troves corresponding to the home topic includes a user override preferences data structure comprising a plurality of user override preferences that differ from corresponding default user preferences;
and wherein the processor is further configured to execute instructions that cause the processor, when the home topic is the current topic provided to the user, to:
accept a first user input to accept a user override preference to replace a default preference;
store the user override preference to the user override preferences data structure;
respond to user input to reveal the overridden user preference corresponding to the user override preference; and
accept a second user input to discard the user override preference by removing the user override preference from the user override preferences data structure. 18. The computer system of claim 17 wherein the processor is further configured to execute instructions that cause the processor to:
respond to user input to reveal default user preferences that correspond to any user override preferences and accept one or more user inputs to discard any user override preferences by removing the user override preferences from the user override preferences data structure. 19. The computer system of claim 17 wherein the instruction that causes the processor to respond to user input to reveal the default user preference corresponding to the user override preference also highlights the default user preference. 20. The computer system of claim 18 wherein the instruction that causes the processor to respond to user input to reveal default user preferences that correspond to any user override preferences and accept one or more user inputs to discard any user override preferences by removing the user override preferences from the user override preferences data structure also highlights the default user preferences. 21. (canceled) 22. (canceled) 23. The computer system of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to execute instructions that cause the processor to:
retrieve from a trove associated with the current topic, an identity to be used in accessing services requiring an identity. 24. The computer system of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to execute instructions that cause the processor to:
respond to an external event to offer to the user an option to provide user input to switch to a different topic from the current topic in order to respond to the external event from the different topic. 25. The computer system of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to execute instructions that cause the processor to:
respond to user input by encrypting data associated with the first topic to create encrypted first topic data for storage to the data storage;
respond to user input by decrypting the encrypted first topic data to create a temporary unencrypted data set for use while the first topic is open. 26. The computer system of claim 25 wherein the processor is configured to execute instructions that cause the processor to, while the first topic is open:
create a protected processing environment; and
provide access to the temporary unencrypted data set for use only within the protected processing environment. 27. (canceled) 28. (canceled) 29. A method, implemented by a computer system, of facilitating interaction with a user of the computer system, wherein the computer system has executing thereupon an operating system that provides user access through a user account, each user account configurable by an associated user to provide a plurality of user work environments, each of the user work environments called a topic, and the plurality of user work environments comprising at least a first topic and a second topic, each topic providing one or more troves associated with user activity while the topic is selected as the user's current topic, the computer system providing a user interface that permits interaction with a second topic, generated by a user, that includes at least one associated workspace, the method comprising:
providing to the user of a first user account, a first topic, initially selected as a current topic corresponding to the first user account, wherein the first topic associates a first topic current workspace to the user as a user interface; responding to user selection of the second topic, different from the first topic, by,
designating the second topic as the current topic provided to the user;
associating a second topic current workspace with the second topic; and
allocating a trove per application used by the user while the second topic is selected as the current topic, wherein each trove is associated with an application executing while the user has selected the second topic as the current topic. 30. A computer program product for facilitating interaction with a user of a computer system, the computer program product stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium and including instructions for causing the computer system to execute a method for facilitating interaction with a user of the computer system, wherein the computer system has executing thereupon an operating system that provides user access through a user account, each user account configurable by an associated user to provide a plurality of user work environments, each of the user work environments called a topic, and the plurality of user work environments comprising at least a first topic and a second topic, each topic providing one or more troves associated with user activity while the topic is selected as the user's current topic, the computer system providing a user interface that permits interaction with a second topic, generated by a user, that includes at least one associated workspace, the method comprising the actions of:
providing to the user of a first user account, a first topic, initially selected as a current topic corresponding to the first user account, wherein the first topic associates a first topic current workspace to the user as a user interface; responding to user selection of the second topic, different from the first topic, by,
designating the second topic as the current topic provided to the user;
associating a second topic current workspace with the second topic; and
allocating a trove per application used by the user while the second topic is selected as the current topic, wherein each trove is associated with an application executing while the user has selected the second topic as the current topic. | A computer system provides at least one workspace as a user interface corresponding to a user-generated topic. A home topic is provided to the user as an initially selected topic. The home topic provides a workspace to the user as a user interface. User selection of a first topic within the home topic causes designation of the first topic as the current topic. A first workspace is associated with the first topic, and a first topic data structure associated with the first topic is generated and the first topic data structure is associated only with application windows, files and application related data used by the user while the first topic is designated as the current topic. The user is provided, within the first workspace, only application windows, files and application related data used by the user while the first topic is designated as the current topic.1. A computer system with an operating system that provides user access through a user account, each user account configurable by an associated user to provide a plurality of user work environments, each of the user work environments called a topic, and the plurality of user work environments comprising at least a first topic and a second topic, each topic providing one or more troves associated with user activity while the topic is selected as the user's current topic, the computer system providing a user interface that permits interaction with the second topic, generated by a user, that includes at least one associated workspace, the system comprising:
data storage, operatively coupled to a processor, for storing trove data in one or more troves, each trove associated with an application executing while the user has selected the second topic as the current topic; the processor configured to execute instructions that cause the processor to:
provide to the user of a first user account, the first topic, initially selected as a current topic corresponding to the first user account, wherein the first topic associates a first topic current workspace to the user as a user interface;
respond to user selection of the second topic, different from the first topic, by,
designating the second topic as the current topic provided to the user;
associating a second topic current workspace with the second topic; and
allocating a trove per application used by the user while the second topic is selected as the current topic. 2. The computer system of claim 1 wherein the instructions that cause the processor to respond to user selection of the second topic, comprise instructions that cause the processor to create the second topic in response to the user designating for use as a topic folder for the second topic, a folder in a file system that is stored at least in part in the data storage. 3. The computer system of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to execute instructions that cause the processor to:
respond to subsequent user re-selection of the second topic or the first topic as a selected topic by
designating the selected topic as the current topic provided to the user;
retrieving one or more portions of the selected topic from one or more troves allocated for the selected topic; and
providing to the user, in response to one or more user inputs, a workspace corresponding to the selected topic as the user interface. 4. The computer system of claim 1 further comprising instructions that cause the processor to respond to closing by the user of the first topic by ensuring that the trove data corresponding to the first topic has been persistently stored. 5. The computer system of claim 1 wherein the second topic may comprise one or more workspaces, one of the workspaces being a current workspace, and wherein the processor is further configured to respond to user selection of a second workspace for the second topic, by designating the second workspace as the current workspace for the second topic. 6. The computer system of claim 1 wherein the processor is configured to execute instructions that cause the processor to:
associate the second topic as a subtopic of the first topic in a hierarchyassociate a third topic as a subtopic of the first topic in the hierarchy; and
associate additional topics as subtopics in the hierarchy. 7. The computer system of claim 6 wherein the processor is configured to execute instructions that cause the processor to:
associate a third topic as a subtopic of the second topic in a hierarchy;
wherein the hierarchy may have multiple levels. 8. The computer system of claim 6 wherein the first topic is a home topic, having associated therewith a home topic preferences data structure comprising a plurality of home topic user preferences regarding applications executed by the computer system and wherein the processor is further configured to execute instructions that cause the processor, when the home topic is the current topic, to:
reference the home topic user preferences as inherited default preferences for the second topic;
accept a user modification of an inherited default preference;
create a second topic data structure; and
store the user modification of the inherited default preference to the second topic data structure thereby overriding the inherited default preference. 9. The computer system of claim 6 wherein the second topic has associated therewith a second topic preferences data structure comprising a plurality of second topic user preferences regarding applications executed by the computer system and wherein the processor is further configured to execute instructions that cause the processor, when the third topic is the current topic, to:
reference the second topic user preferences as inherited default preferences for the third topic;
accept a user modification of an inherited default preference;
create a third topic data structure; and
store the user modification of the inherited default preference to the third topic data structure thereby overriding the inherited default preference. 10. (canceled) 11. (canceled) 12. (canceled) 13. (canceled) 14. The computer system of claim 1 wherein a second computer system maintains a data collection corresponding to the first topic, and wherein the processor is further configured to execute instructions that cause the processor to:
receive from the second computer system, data from the data collection; and
associate the data from the data collection received from the second computer system with the first topic. 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. The computer system of claim 1 wherein the first topic is a home topic, having one or more associated troves corresponding to the home topic, and wherein,
the data storage includes a default preferences data structure comprising a plurality of default user preferences, and wherein the one or more associated troves corresponding to the home topic includes a user override preferences data structure comprising a plurality of user override preferences that differ from corresponding default user preferences;
and wherein the processor is further configured to execute instructions that cause the processor, when the home topic is the current topic provided to the user, to:
accept a first user input to accept a user override preference to replace a default preference;
store the user override preference to the user override preferences data structure;
respond to user input to reveal the overridden user preference corresponding to the user override preference; and
accept a second user input to discard the user override preference by removing the user override preference from the user override preferences data structure. 18. The computer system of claim 17 wherein the processor is further configured to execute instructions that cause the processor to:
respond to user input to reveal default user preferences that correspond to any user override preferences and accept one or more user inputs to discard any user override preferences by removing the user override preferences from the user override preferences data structure. 19. The computer system of claim 17 wherein the instruction that causes the processor to respond to user input to reveal the default user preference corresponding to the user override preference also highlights the default user preference. 20. The computer system of claim 18 wherein the instruction that causes the processor to respond to user input to reveal default user preferences that correspond to any user override preferences and accept one or more user inputs to discard any user override preferences by removing the user override preferences from the user override preferences data structure also highlights the default user preferences. 21. (canceled) 22. (canceled) 23. The computer system of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to execute instructions that cause the processor to:
retrieve from a trove associated with the current topic, an identity to be used in accessing services requiring an identity. 24. The computer system of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to execute instructions that cause the processor to:
respond to an external event to offer to the user an option to provide user input to switch to a different topic from the current topic in order to respond to the external event from the different topic. 25. The computer system of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to execute instructions that cause the processor to:
respond to user input by encrypting data associated with the first topic to create encrypted first topic data for storage to the data storage;
respond to user input by decrypting the encrypted first topic data to create a temporary unencrypted data set for use while the first topic is open. 26. The computer system of claim 25 wherein the processor is configured to execute instructions that cause the processor to, while the first topic is open:
create a protected processing environment; and
provide access to the temporary unencrypted data set for use only within the protected processing environment. 27. (canceled) 28. (canceled) 29. A method, implemented by a computer system, of facilitating interaction with a user of the computer system, wherein the computer system has executing thereupon an operating system that provides user access through a user account, each user account configurable by an associated user to provide a plurality of user work environments, each of the user work environments called a topic, and the plurality of user work environments comprising at least a first topic and a second topic, each topic providing one or more troves associated with user activity while the topic is selected as the user's current topic, the computer system providing a user interface that permits interaction with a second topic, generated by a user, that includes at least one associated workspace, the method comprising:
providing to the user of a first user account, a first topic, initially selected as a current topic corresponding to the first user account, wherein the first topic associates a first topic current workspace to the user as a user interface; responding to user selection of the second topic, different from the first topic, by,
designating the second topic as the current topic provided to the user;
associating a second topic current workspace with the second topic; and
allocating a trove per application used by the user while the second topic is selected as the current topic, wherein each trove is associated with an application executing while the user has selected the second topic as the current topic. 30. A computer program product for facilitating interaction with a user of a computer system, the computer program product stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium and including instructions for causing the computer system to execute a method for facilitating interaction with a user of the computer system, wherein the computer system has executing thereupon an operating system that provides user access through a user account, each user account configurable by an associated user to provide a plurality of user work environments, each of the user work environments called a topic, and the plurality of user work environments comprising at least a first topic and a second topic, each topic providing one or more troves associated with user activity while the topic is selected as the user's current topic, the computer system providing a user interface that permits interaction with a second topic, generated by a user, that includes at least one associated workspace, the method comprising the actions of:
providing to the user of a first user account, a first topic, initially selected as a current topic corresponding to the first user account, wherein the first topic associates a first topic current workspace to the user as a user interface; responding to user selection of the second topic, different from the first topic, by,
designating the second topic as the current topic provided to the user;
associating a second topic current workspace with the second topic; and
allocating a trove per application used by the user while the second topic is selected as the current topic, wherein each trove is associated with an application executing while the user has selected the second topic as the current topic. | 2,100 |
349,436 | 16,807,017 | 2,192 | The present disclosure describes various clinical workflows and other methods that utilize a telemedicine device in a healthcare network. According to various embodiments, a healthcare practitioner may utilize a remote presence interfaces (RPIs) on a remote access device (RAD), such as a portable electronic device (PED) to interface with a telemedicine device. The healthcare practitioner may directly interface with a display interface of a telemedicine device or utilize the RPI on a RAD. The present disclosure provides various clinical workflows involving a telemedicine device to view patient data during a telepresence session, perform rounds to visit multiple patients, monitor a patient, allow for remote visitations by companions, and various other clinical workflow methods. | 1. A method for providing a remote telepresence patient visitation, the method comprising:
displaying a list of patients on a remote presence interface of a remote access device; receiving a request from the user via the remote presence interface for telepresence sessions with a selection of a plurality of patients from the patient list; directing a telemedicine device to autonomously navigate to a first patient of the plurality of patients; receiving patient data regarding the first patient from a bedside patient monitor; populating a dashboard of the remote presence interface with the patient data related to the first patient, such that the patient data is viewable during the telepresence session; in response to the telemedicine device reaching the first patient, initiating a telepresence session between the user and the first patient via the remote presence interface on the remote access device; receiving, subsequent to initiating the telepresence session with the first patient, an indication that the user wishes to conclude the telepresence session with the first patient; and directing, upon conclusion of the telepresence session with the first patient, the telemedicine device to autonomously navigate to a second patient of the plurality of patients. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein populating the dashboard of the remote presence interface, comprises:
subsequent to the telemedicine device reaching the first patient and initiating the telepresence session, gathering, by the telemedicine device, the patient data from the bedside patient monitor; and transmitting the patient monitoring data from the telemedicine device to the remote presence interface for display in the dashboard, such that the patient data is viewable during a telepresence session. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an indication that the user wishes to conclude the telepresence session; and directing the telemedicine device to autonomously navigate to a docking station. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
gathering patient data relating to the patient; and transmitting the patient data from the telemedicine device to the remote access device to be used in populating a remote dashboard of the remote presence interface on the remote access device, such that the patient data is viewable during the telepresence session. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the patient data comprise at least one of vital signs, a waveform, and biometric data 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the dashboard is populated with patient data before the telepresence session. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
sharing the patient data from the remote presence device to a display associated with the telemedicine device viewable by a person in proximity to a bedside of the first patient. 8. The method of claim 1, where directing comprises:
in response to detecting that the first patient's data is being reviewed, automatically dispatching the telemedicine device to a location of the first patient. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in response to real-time data concerning a condition of a third patient of the plurality of patients, automatically directing the telemedicine device to the third patient before the second patient. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
continuously updating an order of patients for the telemedicine device to visit based on real-time data relating to conditions of each of the plurality of patients. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
overriding an automatically-generated order for visiting one or more patients in response to a manual input. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in response to a third patient's data triggering an alarm condition:
automatically dispatching the telemedicine device to the third patient; and
sending an invitation to a medical practitioner to begin a telepresence session with the third patient. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
tracking an amount of time the telemedicine device is used in conjunction with a particular patient. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying statistics on the remote presence interface relating to one or more encounters with the particular patient. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
documenting an encounter of the telemedicine device with a particular patient, wherein documenting comprises categorizing the encounter by at least one of type of visit, a type of person making the visit, the outcome of the visit, and a reason for the visit. 16. A method comprising:
displaying a list of patients on a remote presence interface of a remote access device; receiving, from a remote user, a selection of a plurality of patients from the patient list via the remote presence interface on the remote access device; directing a telemedicine device to autonomously navigate to a first patient of the plurality of patients; initiating a telepresence session with the first patient via the remote presence interface; populating a dashboard of the remote presence interface with patient data relating to the first patent, wherein the patient data is obtained from at least one of a patient chart and a bedside patient monitor, such that the patient data is viewable to the remote user during the telepresence session; recording the patient data relating to the patient data for subsequent review; directing the telemedicine device to display previously recorded patient data for review by a local medical professional; directing, upon conclusion of the telepresence session with the first patient, the telemedicine device to autonomously navigate directly to a second patient of the plurality of patients. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
storing a record of each of a plurality of patient visits in a memory of a telepresence robot, wherein each patient is identified by a unique identifier and the record includes:
an amount of time spent at each patient's bedside;
a category for each encounter with a patient;
usage information for a component of the telemedicine device; and
exporting the record. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
receiving an instruction by the telemedicine device to autonomously navigate to each of a plurality of patients starting at a specified time; for each patient of the plurality of patients:
navigating the telemedicine device autonomously to the patient;
inviting a user to join a telepresence session; and
transmitting audio, video, and/or patient data to the user via the telepresence session. 19. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
receiving an indication by the telemedicine device that a medical professional is needed to visit the patient; transmitting an invitation by the telemedicine device to the medical professional to join a telepresence session regarding the patient; and transmitting audio, video, and/or patient data to a remote access device to be viewed by the medical professional. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
receiving at the telemedicine device an indication that a medical professional is needed to visit the patient; displaying a list of available medical professionals; receiving a selection of a medical professional from the list of medical professionals available to visit the patient; and transmitting, by the telemedicine device, an invitation to the selected medical professional to join the telepresence session. 21. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
transmitting, by the telemedicine device, an invitation to a user to join a telepresence session; and transmitting audio, video, and/or patient data to the user via the telepresence session. 22. A telemedicine device comprising:
a communication component configured to receive a patient list indicating a plurality of patients to visit, wherein the patient list is created via a remote presence interface on a remote access device that displays a list of patients on the remote presence interface; a navigation component configured to autonomously navigate the telemedicine device to a first patient of the plurality of patients; a data collection component configured to gather patient data relating to the first patient, wherein the patient data comprise real-time patient monitoring data from a bedside patient monitor; wherein the communication component is further configured to transmit the patient data to be used in populating a remote dashboard of a remote presence; and wherein the navigation component is further configured to autonomously navigate the telemedicine device to a second patient of the plurality of patients in response to an indication to conclude the telepresence session with the first patient. | The present disclosure describes various clinical workflows and other methods that utilize a telemedicine device in a healthcare network. According to various embodiments, a healthcare practitioner may utilize a remote presence interfaces (RPIs) on a remote access device (RAD), such as a portable electronic device (PED) to interface with a telemedicine device. The healthcare practitioner may directly interface with a display interface of a telemedicine device or utilize the RPI on a RAD. The present disclosure provides various clinical workflows involving a telemedicine device to view patient data during a telepresence session, perform rounds to visit multiple patients, monitor a patient, allow for remote visitations by companions, and various other clinical workflow methods.1. A method for providing a remote telepresence patient visitation, the method comprising:
displaying a list of patients on a remote presence interface of a remote access device; receiving a request from the user via the remote presence interface for telepresence sessions with a selection of a plurality of patients from the patient list; directing a telemedicine device to autonomously navigate to a first patient of the plurality of patients; receiving patient data regarding the first patient from a bedside patient monitor; populating a dashboard of the remote presence interface with the patient data related to the first patient, such that the patient data is viewable during the telepresence session; in response to the telemedicine device reaching the first patient, initiating a telepresence session between the user and the first patient via the remote presence interface on the remote access device; receiving, subsequent to initiating the telepresence session with the first patient, an indication that the user wishes to conclude the telepresence session with the first patient; and directing, upon conclusion of the telepresence session with the first patient, the telemedicine device to autonomously navigate to a second patient of the plurality of patients. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein populating the dashboard of the remote presence interface, comprises:
subsequent to the telemedicine device reaching the first patient and initiating the telepresence session, gathering, by the telemedicine device, the patient data from the bedside patient monitor; and transmitting the patient monitoring data from the telemedicine device to the remote presence interface for display in the dashboard, such that the patient data is viewable during a telepresence session. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an indication that the user wishes to conclude the telepresence session; and directing the telemedicine device to autonomously navigate to a docking station. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
gathering patient data relating to the patient; and transmitting the patient data from the telemedicine device to the remote access device to be used in populating a remote dashboard of the remote presence interface on the remote access device, such that the patient data is viewable during the telepresence session. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the patient data comprise at least one of vital signs, a waveform, and biometric data 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the dashboard is populated with patient data before the telepresence session. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
sharing the patient data from the remote presence device to a display associated with the telemedicine device viewable by a person in proximity to a bedside of the first patient. 8. The method of claim 1, where directing comprises:
in response to detecting that the first patient's data is being reviewed, automatically dispatching the telemedicine device to a location of the first patient. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in response to real-time data concerning a condition of a third patient of the plurality of patients, automatically directing the telemedicine device to the third patient before the second patient. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
continuously updating an order of patients for the telemedicine device to visit based on real-time data relating to conditions of each of the plurality of patients. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
overriding an automatically-generated order for visiting one or more patients in response to a manual input. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in response to a third patient's data triggering an alarm condition:
automatically dispatching the telemedicine device to the third patient; and
sending an invitation to a medical practitioner to begin a telepresence session with the third patient. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
tracking an amount of time the telemedicine device is used in conjunction with a particular patient. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying statistics on the remote presence interface relating to one or more encounters with the particular patient. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
documenting an encounter of the telemedicine device with a particular patient, wherein documenting comprises categorizing the encounter by at least one of type of visit, a type of person making the visit, the outcome of the visit, and a reason for the visit. 16. A method comprising:
displaying a list of patients on a remote presence interface of a remote access device; receiving, from a remote user, a selection of a plurality of patients from the patient list via the remote presence interface on the remote access device; directing a telemedicine device to autonomously navigate to a first patient of the plurality of patients; initiating a telepresence session with the first patient via the remote presence interface; populating a dashboard of the remote presence interface with patient data relating to the first patent, wherein the patient data is obtained from at least one of a patient chart and a bedside patient monitor, such that the patient data is viewable to the remote user during the telepresence session; recording the patient data relating to the patient data for subsequent review; directing the telemedicine device to display previously recorded patient data for review by a local medical professional; directing, upon conclusion of the telepresence session with the first patient, the telemedicine device to autonomously navigate directly to a second patient of the plurality of patients. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
storing a record of each of a plurality of patient visits in a memory of a telepresence robot, wherein each patient is identified by a unique identifier and the record includes:
an amount of time spent at each patient's bedside;
a category for each encounter with a patient;
usage information for a component of the telemedicine device; and
exporting the record. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
receiving an instruction by the telemedicine device to autonomously navigate to each of a plurality of patients starting at a specified time; for each patient of the plurality of patients:
navigating the telemedicine device autonomously to the patient;
inviting a user to join a telepresence session; and
transmitting audio, video, and/or patient data to the user via the telepresence session. 19. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
receiving an indication by the telemedicine device that a medical professional is needed to visit the patient; transmitting an invitation by the telemedicine device to the medical professional to join a telepresence session regarding the patient; and transmitting audio, video, and/or patient data to a remote access device to be viewed by the medical professional. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
receiving at the telemedicine device an indication that a medical professional is needed to visit the patient; displaying a list of available medical professionals; receiving a selection of a medical professional from the list of medical professionals available to visit the patient; and transmitting, by the telemedicine device, an invitation to the selected medical professional to join the telepresence session. 21. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
transmitting, by the telemedicine device, an invitation to a user to join a telepresence session; and transmitting audio, video, and/or patient data to the user via the telepresence session. 22. A telemedicine device comprising:
a communication component configured to receive a patient list indicating a plurality of patients to visit, wherein the patient list is created via a remote presence interface on a remote access device that displays a list of patients on the remote presence interface; a navigation component configured to autonomously navigate the telemedicine device to a first patient of the plurality of patients; a data collection component configured to gather patient data relating to the first patient, wherein the patient data comprise real-time patient monitoring data from a bedside patient monitor; wherein the communication component is further configured to transmit the patient data to be used in populating a remote dashboard of a remote presence; and wherein the navigation component is further configured to autonomously navigate the telemedicine device to a second patient of the plurality of patients in response to an indication to conclude the telepresence session with the first patient. | 2,100 |
349,437 | 16,807,032 | 3,666 | A robotic cart platform with a navigation and movement system that integrates into a conventional utility cart to provide both manual and autonomous modes of operation. The platform includes a drive unit with drive wheels replacing the front wheels of the cart. The drive unit has motors, encoders, a processor and a microcontroller. The system has a work environment mapping sensor and a cabled array of proximity and weight sensors, lights, control panel, battery and on/off, “GO” and emergency stop buttons secured throughout the cart. The encoders obtain drive shaft rotation data that the microcontroller periodically sends to the processor. When in autonomous mode, the system provides navigation, movement and location tracking with or without wireless connection to a server. Stored destinations are set using its location tracking to autonomously navigate the cart. When in manual mode, battery power is off, and back-up power is supplied to the encoders and microcontroller, which continue to obtain shaft rotation data. When in autonomous mode, the shaft rotation data obtained during manual mode is used to determine the present cart location. | 1. An autonomous vehicle for moving through a working environment, said autonomous vehicle comprising:
a movable vehicle structure having at least one rotatable and turnable wheel to move along straight and curved paths of travel; a drive unit with first and second drive wheels, said drive unit being secured to said vehicle structure and spaced from said turnable wheel, said drive unit having a navigation and movement system including a first drive motor with a first drive shaft to selectively rotate said first drive wheel and a second drive motor with a second drive shaft to selectively rotate said second drive wheel, a programmed processor with a first memory to plan a route and movement instructions for said drive unit to travel through the working environment, a programmed microcontroller with a second memory to execute said movement instructions via a motor controller, said motor controller being electrically connected to said drive motors to control rotational movement of said drive shafts and wheels, said motor controller rotating said first drive shaft independently of said second drive shaft to propel said drive unit and vehicle structure along straight and curved paths of travel, first and second motor encoders obtaining rotational movement data for each of said drive shafts, and drive unit circuitry electrically and communicatingly connecting said processor, first memory, microcontroller, second memory, motor controller and encoders; a main power source in electric power supplying communication with said navigation and movement system via said circuitry, said main power source being secured to one of either said drive unit and said vehicle structure; an on/off switch to selectively turn on and turn off said electric power from said main power source to said navigation and moment system, said drive unit being in an autonomous mode of operation when said switch is turned on and in a manual mode of operation when said switch is turned off, said drive wheels rotating said drive shafts when said drive unit is in said manual mode of operation, and said drive unit being at a first location when said switch is turned off; a backup circuit having a backup power source in electric power supplying communication with said microcontroller, second memory and motor encoders, said backup power source supplying electric backup power to said microcontroller, second memory and encoders when said switch is turned off and said vehicle is in said manual mode of operation; and, wherein said microcontroller, second memory and encoders obtain manual rotational movement data for said first and second drive shafts when said drive unit is in said manual mode of operation, and said vehicle structure and drive unit are manually moved from said first location to a second location. 2. The autonomous vehicle of claim 1, and wherein said backup circuit includes a backup encoder power line in electrical communication with a normal encoder power line, and said normal encoder power line includes a first diode preventing backup power from being supplied to said main power source, and wherein said backup circuit includes a backup microcontroller power line in electrical communication with a normal microcontroller power line, and said normal microcontroller power line includes a second diode preventing backup power from being supplied to said main power source. 3. The autonomous vehicle of claim 2, and wherein said backup power source automatically supplies power to said microcontroller, second memory and encoders when said switch is turned off and said drive unit is in said manual mode of operation. 4. The autonomous vehicle of claim 3, and wherein said main power source is a battery and said backup power source is a super capacitor. 5. The autonomous vehicle of claim 1, and wherein said second location is a current location of said drive unit, said microcontroller sends manual rotational movement data to said processor when said on/off switch turns on said electric power to said drive unit, and said processor uses said manual rotational movement data to determine said current location of said drive unit. 6. The autonomous vehicle of claim 5, and wherein said microcontroller, second memory and encoders obtain autonomous rotational movement data for said first and second drive shafts when said drive unit is in said autonomous mode of operation, and wherein said processor combines said manual rotational movement data and said autonomous rotational movement data to determine said current location of said drive unit. 7. The autonomous vehicle of claim 1, and wherein said vehicle structure has a vehicle front end and a vehicle rear end, said at least one turnable wheel is two swiveling wheels secured proximal said vehicle rear end, and said drive unit is secured below said vehicle structure and proximal said vehicle front end. 8. The autonomous vehicle of claim 1, and wherein said microcontroller periodically sends said rotational movement data to said processor, said first memory is long-term hard drive memory that retains said rotational movement data when said electric power from said main power supply to said hard drive memory is turned off, and said second memory is short-term dynamic rapid access memory that retains said rotational movement data when said electric power from said main power source to said rapid access memory is turned off and said backup power source automatically supplies said electric backup power to said rapid access memory. 9. The autonomous vehicle of claim 1, and wherein the vehicle is a utility cart operable by a worker physically next to said utility cart, said vehicle structure is a cart structure, said drive unit is secured below said cart structure, and the worker physically operates said on/off switch. 10. The autonomous vehicle of claim 1, and wherein each of said drive motors selectively rotates its said drive shaft in one of either a clockwise and counterclockwise direction and propels said drive unit in one of either a forward direction and a rearward direction. 11. An autonomous utility cart for use by a worker to carry an item through a working environment with open areas and fixed structures, said autonomous utility cart comprising:
a cart structure adapted to carry the item, said cart structure having at least one rotatable and turnable wheel; a drive unit with first and second drive wheels, said drive unit being spaced from said turnable wheel, said drive unit having a navigation and movement system including a first drive motor with a first drive shaft to selectively rotate said first drive wheel and a second drive motor with a second drive shaft to selectively rotate said second drive wheel, a programmed processor with a processor memory, first and second motor encoders to obtain rotational movement data for each of said drive shafts, drive unit circuitry electrically and communicatingly connecting said processor, memory, motors and encoders, said processor sending movement instructions to said drive motors sufficient to independently rotate said first and second drive shafts to propel said drive unit and cart structure along straight and curved paths of travel, and said processor using said rotational movement data to determine current location data when said drive unit is at a current location; a communication device with at least one key to obtain selected destination data when said current location of said drive unit is at a selected destination, said communication device being in electrical communication with said navigation and movement system and mounted to one of either said cart structure and said drive unit, and the worker touching said at least one key to store said selected destination data in said processor memory; a scanning device with a circumferential sensing range to obtain working environment data sufficient to locate the open areas and fixed structures, said scanning device being mounted on one of either said drive unit and said cart structure and being in electrical communication with said drive unit circuitry; a power source in electric power supplying communication with said drive unit circuitry, said communication device and said scanning device, said power source being mounted to one of either said drive unit and said cart structure; and, wherein said navigation and movement system uses said working environment data, said selected destination data and said current location data to plan a route and movement instructions for said drive unit and cart structure to travel through the working environment to said selected destination. 12. The autonomous utility cart of claim 11, and wherein the worker touches said at least one key a subsequent time to instruct said navigation and movement system to send movement instructions to said motors to propel said drive unit and cart structure along said route to said selected destination. 13. The autonomous utility cart of claim 12, and wherein said at least one key is a first key, said communication device includes at least a second key, said selected destination data is first selected destination data and said selected destination is a first selected destination, the worker touching said second key to obtain second selected destination data when said current location of said drive unit is at a second selected destination, and wherein when the worker subsequently touches said second key said navigation and movement system uses said working environment data, said second selected destination data and said current location data to plan a second route for said drive unit and cart structure to travel through the working environment to said second selected destination and instructs said motors to propel said drive unit and cart structure to said second selected destination. 14. The autonomous utility cart of claim 13, and wherein said drive unit automatically travels in a looped manner between said first selected destination and a second selected destination. 15. The autonomous utility cart of claim 12, and wherein said processor memory includes a destination icon and a movement icon, one of either said destination icon and movement icon being selectively displayed on said at least one key, the worker touching said destination icon to autonomously propel said drive unit and cart structure to said selected destination, and the worker touching said movement icon to move said drive unit and cart structure in a self-propelled manner. 16. The autonomous utility cart of claim 12, and wherein said navigation and movement system includes a programmed microcontroller with a second memory and a motor controller to execute said movement instructions from said processor, and said drive unit circuitry electrically and communicatingly connects said microcontroller and second memory and motor controller. 17. The autonomous utility cart of claim 16, and wherein said drive unit is located below said cart structure, and said scanning device is a time-of-flight laser scanner mounted atop said drive unit. 18. The autonomous utility cart of claim 17, and further including a plurality of proximity sensors mounted to said cart structure, each of said proximity sensors obtaining proximity sensor data and being in electrical communication with said drive unit circuitry, and wherein the working environment includes temporary obstacles, and said system uses said proximity sensor data to avoid the temporary obstacles when traveling along said route to said selected destination 19. The autonomous utility cart of claim 18, and wherein said navigation and movement system further uses said environment data from said laser scanner to avoid the temporary obstacles when traveling along said route to said selected destination. 20. The autonomous utility cart of claim 19, and wherein said time-of-flight laser scanner is mounted to said drive unit and is a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) scanner with a substantially 360° scanning range. 21. A robotic cart platform for integrating into an existing manually operated utility cart to convert the cart into an autonomous utility cart, the cart having a cart structure with a front, rear, first side and second side, lower and upper trays, front and rear risers and front and rear caster wheels, each riser having angled exterior riser walls forming an interior riser channel and having multiple spaced openings extending through the exterior riser walls, the front and rear risers having forward facing openings, rearward facing openings, first side facing openings and second side facing openings, the trays having a top surface supported by structural webbing forming a matrix of tray compartments under the top surface, the cart being used in a working environment including open areas, fixed structures, temporary obstacles and multiple destinations, said robotic cart platform comprising:
a drive unit located below the lower tray and replacing the front caster wheels of the manually operated utility cart, said drive unit having first and second drive wheels, said drive unit having a navigation and movement system including a first drive motor with a first drive shaft to selectively rotate said first drive wheel and a second drive motor with a second drive shaft to selectively rotate said second drive wheel, a programmed processor with a first memory to plan a route and movement instructions for said drive unit to travel through the working environment to a selected destination, a microcontroller with a second memory to execute said movement instructions via a motor controller, said motor controller being electrically connected to said drive motors to control rotational movement of said drive shafts and drive wheels, said motor controller rotating said first drive shaft and first drive wheel independently of said second drive shaft and second drive wheel to propel said drive unit and cart structure along straight and curved paths of travel, first and second motor encoders obtaining rotational movement data for each of said drive shafts, and drive unit circuitry electrically and communicatingly connecting said processor, first memory, microcontroller, second memory, motor controller and encoders; a main power source in electric power supplying communication with said drive unit circuitry, said power source being secured to said cart; a time-of-flight laser scanner with a rotating sensor and a circumferential sensing range to obtain working environment data sufficient to locate the open areas and fixed structures, said laser scanner being secured to one of either said drive unit and said cart and being in electrical communication with said drive unit circuitry; a plurality of proximity sensors, each said proximity sensor having a sensing direction and being in electrical communication with said drive unit circuitry, said proximity sensors being secured in the interior riser channels proximal the riser openings, at least one of said proximity sensors being aimed from at least one of said forward facing openings, at least one of said proximity sensors being aimed from at least one of said rearward facing openings, at least one of said proximity sensors being aimed from at least one of said first side openings, and at least one of said proximity sensors being aimed from at least one of said second side openings; a cable array including first and second cable lines, said first cable line including a power source cable and first and second proximity sensor cables, said power source cable having opposed terminal connections for electrically connecting to said power source port to said power source, said first proximity sensor cable having opposed terminal connections for electrically connecting said first proximity sensor port to said proximity sensors located on the first side of the cart, said second proximity sensor cable having opposed terminal connections for electrically connecting said second proximity sensor port to said proximity sensors located on the second side of the cart; and, said cable array being routed through the interior riser channels and the matrix of tray compartments. 22. The robotic cart platform of claim 21, and wherein said laser scanner is a LIDAR scanner, said LIDAR scanner is located atop said drive unit and below the lower tray, and each of said proximity sensors has a scanning cone. 23. The robotic cart platform of claim 22, and wherein said navigation and movement system includes a control panel, on/off switch, “GO” button and emergency stop button, each being secured to the cart. 24. The robotic cart platform of claim 21, and wherein said drive unit has a mounting assembly with right and left mounting plates, said mounting plates securing said drive unit to the cart mounting structure. 25. The robotic cart platform of claim 24, and wherein said navigation and movement system includes four weight sensors, two of said weight sensor being secured between each of the rear caster wheels and the cart mounting structure, and two of said weight sensors being secured between each of said mounting plates and the cart mounting structure. 26. The utility cart of claim 25, and wherein said first memory includes a weight threshold, said weight sensors send weight data to said processor, said processor compares said weight data to said weight threshold and stops said drive motors when said weight data exceeds said weight threshold. 27. The utility cart of claim 26, and further including a communication device with at least one key to obtain selected destination data when said current location of said drive unit is at a selected destination, said communication device being in electrical communication with said navigation and movement system and mounted to one or either said cart structure and said drive unit, and the worker touches said at least one key to store said selected destination data in said processor memory. 28. A utility cart to carry at least one item having an item weight, said utility cart comprising:
a cart structure adapted to carry the item, said cart structure having a cart structure weight and a cart mounting structure, said cart mounting structure having a plurality of spaced apart cart fastener openings extending into said cart mounting structure; a caster wheel assembly having a wheel mounting bracket with a bracket perimeter portion and an integrally formed bracket central area, said bracket perimeter portion having a plurality of bracket fastener openings in mated alignment with said cart fastener openings; a weight sensor assembly located between said wheel mounting bracket and said cart mounting structure, said weight sensor assembly including a sensor plate with a sensor plate perimeter portion and an integral inwardly extending semi-flexible cantilevered support tab, said support tab having a tab neck, central focal area, tab surface and a strain gauge sensor, said strain gauge sensor being secured to said tab surface, said tab neck and focal area being surrounded by a flex accommodating opening, and said focal area being aligned directly over and in load supporting engagement with said central area of said wheel mounting bracket; a weight bearing crown formed on one of either said central area of said wheel mounting bracket and said central focal area of said support tab; a plurality of fasteners passing through said bracket fastener openings and into said cart fastener openings to firmly secure said caster wheel mounting bracket to said cart mounting structure; said fasteners leaving a non-load bearing gap between said bracket perimeter portion and said sensor plate perimeter portion; and, wherein said semi-flexible support tab flexes responsive to said cart weight and the item weight, and said strain gauge sensor produces strain gauge weight data sufficient to indicate one of either the item weight and said cart weight and the item weight. 29. The utility cart of claim 28, and wherein said weight bearing crown is an upwardly facing curved surface formed into said caster wheel mounting bracket. 30. The utility cart of claim 28, and wherein said weight bearing crown is a downwardly facing curved surface formed into said central focal area of said support tab. 31. The utility cart of claim 28, and wherein said weight sensor assembly includes a spacer plate located between said sensor plate and said cart mounting structure, said spacer plate having a spacer plate perimeter portion and an open spacer plate interior, said support tab flexing upward into said open spacer plate interior. 32. The utility cart of claim 28, and wherein said weight sensor assembly includes a spacer bracket located between said spacer plate and said cart mounting structure, said plurality of fasteners passing through said spacer bracket. 33. The utility cart of claim 32, and wherein said cart has at least three cart mounting structures, said caster wheel assembly is at least three caster wheel assemblies, and said weight sensor assembly is at least three weight sensor assemblies, and wherein each weight sensor assembly is located between an associated wheel mounting bracket and an associated cart mounting structure, said focal area of each support tab being aligned directly over and in load supporting engagement with said weight bearing crown of its said associated wheel mounting bracket, said plurality of fasteners firmly securing each of said caster wheel mounting brackets to its said associated cart mounting structure; and said fasteners leaving a non-load bearing gap between each of said bracket perimeter portions and its said sensor perimeter portion, said support tabs supporting the entire cart structure weight and the entire item weight. 34. The utility cart of claim 33, and further including a programmed processor and a visual display secured to said cart structure, said processor being in electrical communication with said visual display and each of said weight sensors, said weight sensors sending said weight data to said processor, said processor converting said weight data into digital weight measurement data and sending said digital weight measurement data to said visual display, said visual display displaying said digital weight measurement data as a visual weight measurement. 35. The utility cart of claim 34, and wherein said processor has memory containing a weight threshold and a digital warning message, said programmed processor compares said weight threshold to one of either said strain gauge data and said digital weight measurement data, and said processor sends said digital warning message to said visual display when said weight threshold is exceeded, and said visual display displays said digital warning message. 36. The utility cart of claim 35, and wherein said strain gauge sensor is a piezoelectric sensor and said strain gauge data is resistance data. 37. The utility cart of claim 28, and wherein each caster wheel assembly includes a wheel, a wheel axle rotatingly holding said wheel, a hub firmly holding said wheel axle, and said mounting bracket swivelingly holds said hub. 38. The utility cart of claim 28, and wherein said fastener openings are vertical fastener openings and said fasteners are threaded fasteners, and each of said threaded fastener has a narrow shaft and a wide head, said shafts passing through said bracket openings and into said vertical fastener openings in said cart mounting structure, and said wider head of said threaded fasteners engage said wheel mounting plate in a snug, non-weight bearing manner. | A robotic cart platform with a navigation and movement system that integrates into a conventional utility cart to provide both manual and autonomous modes of operation. The platform includes a drive unit with drive wheels replacing the front wheels of the cart. The drive unit has motors, encoders, a processor and a microcontroller. The system has a work environment mapping sensor and a cabled array of proximity and weight sensors, lights, control panel, battery and on/off, “GO” and emergency stop buttons secured throughout the cart. The encoders obtain drive shaft rotation data that the microcontroller periodically sends to the processor. When in autonomous mode, the system provides navigation, movement and location tracking with or without wireless connection to a server. Stored destinations are set using its location tracking to autonomously navigate the cart. When in manual mode, battery power is off, and back-up power is supplied to the encoders and microcontroller, which continue to obtain shaft rotation data. When in autonomous mode, the shaft rotation data obtained during manual mode is used to determine the present cart location.1. An autonomous vehicle for moving through a working environment, said autonomous vehicle comprising:
a movable vehicle structure having at least one rotatable and turnable wheel to move along straight and curved paths of travel; a drive unit with first and second drive wheels, said drive unit being secured to said vehicle structure and spaced from said turnable wheel, said drive unit having a navigation and movement system including a first drive motor with a first drive shaft to selectively rotate said first drive wheel and a second drive motor with a second drive shaft to selectively rotate said second drive wheel, a programmed processor with a first memory to plan a route and movement instructions for said drive unit to travel through the working environment, a programmed microcontroller with a second memory to execute said movement instructions via a motor controller, said motor controller being electrically connected to said drive motors to control rotational movement of said drive shafts and wheels, said motor controller rotating said first drive shaft independently of said second drive shaft to propel said drive unit and vehicle structure along straight and curved paths of travel, first and second motor encoders obtaining rotational movement data for each of said drive shafts, and drive unit circuitry electrically and communicatingly connecting said processor, first memory, microcontroller, second memory, motor controller and encoders; a main power source in electric power supplying communication with said navigation and movement system via said circuitry, said main power source being secured to one of either said drive unit and said vehicle structure; an on/off switch to selectively turn on and turn off said electric power from said main power source to said navigation and moment system, said drive unit being in an autonomous mode of operation when said switch is turned on and in a manual mode of operation when said switch is turned off, said drive wheels rotating said drive shafts when said drive unit is in said manual mode of operation, and said drive unit being at a first location when said switch is turned off; a backup circuit having a backup power source in electric power supplying communication with said microcontroller, second memory and motor encoders, said backup power source supplying electric backup power to said microcontroller, second memory and encoders when said switch is turned off and said vehicle is in said manual mode of operation; and, wherein said microcontroller, second memory and encoders obtain manual rotational movement data for said first and second drive shafts when said drive unit is in said manual mode of operation, and said vehicle structure and drive unit are manually moved from said first location to a second location. 2. The autonomous vehicle of claim 1, and wherein said backup circuit includes a backup encoder power line in electrical communication with a normal encoder power line, and said normal encoder power line includes a first diode preventing backup power from being supplied to said main power source, and wherein said backup circuit includes a backup microcontroller power line in electrical communication with a normal microcontroller power line, and said normal microcontroller power line includes a second diode preventing backup power from being supplied to said main power source. 3. The autonomous vehicle of claim 2, and wherein said backup power source automatically supplies power to said microcontroller, second memory and encoders when said switch is turned off and said drive unit is in said manual mode of operation. 4. The autonomous vehicle of claim 3, and wherein said main power source is a battery and said backup power source is a super capacitor. 5. The autonomous vehicle of claim 1, and wherein said second location is a current location of said drive unit, said microcontroller sends manual rotational movement data to said processor when said on/off switch turns on said electric power to said drive unit, and said processor uses said manual rotational movement data to determine said current location of said drive unit. 6. The autonomous vehicle of claim 5, and wherein said microcontroller, second memory and encoders obtain autonomous rotational movement data for said first and second drive shafts when said drive unit is in said autonomous mode of operation, and wherein said processor combines said manual rotational movement data and said autonomous rotational movement data to determine said current location of said drive unit. 7. The autonomous vehicle of claim 1, and wherein said vehicle structure has a vehicle front end and a vehicle rear end, said at least one turnable wheel is two swiveling wheels secured proximal said vehicle rear end, and said drive unit is secured below said vehicle structure and proximal said vehicle front end. 8. The autonomous vehicle of claim 1, and wherein said microcontroller periodically sends said rotational movement data to said processor, said first memory is long-term hard drive memory that retains said rotational movement data when said electric power from said main power supply to said hard drive memory is turned off, and said second memory is short-term dynamic rapid access memory that retains said rotational movement data when said electric power from said main power source to said rapid access memory is turned off and said backup power source automatically supplies said electric backup power to said rapid access memory. 9. The autonomous vehicle of claim 1, and wherein the vehicle is a utility cart operable by a worker physically next to said utility cart, said vehicle structure is a cart structure, said drive unit is secured below said cart structure, and the worker physically operates said on/off switch. 10. The autonomous vehicle of claim 1, and wherein each of said drive motors selectively rotates its said drive shaft in one of either a clockwise and counterclockwise direction and propels said drive unit in one of either a forward direction and a rearward direction. 11. An autonomous utility cart for use by a worker to carry an item through a working environment with open areas and fixed structures, said autonomous utility cart comprising:
a cart structure adapted to carry the item, said cart structure having at least one rotatable and turnable wheel; a drive unit with first and second drive wheels, said drive unit being spaced from said turnable wheel, said drive unit having a navigation and movement system including a first drive motor with a first drive shaft to selectively rotate said first drive wheel and a second drive motor with a second drive shaft to selectively rotate said second drive wheel, a programmed processor with a processor memory, first and second motor encoders to obtain rotational movement data for each of said drive shafts, drive unit circuitry electrically and communicatingly connecting said processor, memory, motors and encoders, said processor sending movement instructions to said drive motors sufficient to independently rotate said first and second drive shafts to propel said drive unit and cart structure along straight and curved paths of travel, and said processor using said rotational movement data to determine current location data when said drive unit is at a current location; a communication device with at least one key to obtain selected destination data when said current location of said drive unit is at a selected destination, said communication device being in electrical communication with said navigation and movement system and mounted to one of either said cart structure and said drive unit, and the worker touching said at least one key to store said selected destination data in said processor memory; a scanning device with a circumferential sensing range to obtain working environment data sufficient to locate the open areas and fixed structures, said scanning device being mounted on one of either said drive unit and said cart structure and being in electrical communication with said drive unit circuitry; a power source in electric power supplying communication with said drive unit circuitry, said communication device and said scanning device, said power source being mounted to one of either said drive unit and said cart structure; and, wherein said navigation and movement system uses said working environment data, said selected destination data and said current location data to plan a route and movement instructions for said drive unit and cart structure to travel through the working environment to said selected destination. 12. The autonomous utility cart of claim 11, and wherein the worker touches said at least one key a subsequent time to instruct said navigation and movement system to send movement instructions to said motors to propel said drive unit and cart structure along said route to said selected destination. 13. The autonomous utility cart of claim 12, and wherein said at least one key is a first key, said communication device includes at least a second key, said selected destination data is first selected destination data and said selected destination is a first selected destination, the worker touching said second key to obtain second selected destination data when said current location of said drive unit is at a second selected destination, and wherein when the worker subsequently touches said second key said navigation and movement system uses said working environment data, said second selected destination data and said current location data to plan a second route for said drive unit and cart structure to travel through the working environment to said second selected destination and instructs said motors to propel said drive unit and cart structure to said second selected destination. 14. The autonomous utility cart of claim 13, and wherein said drive unit automatically travels in a looped manner between said first selected destination and a second selected destination. 15. The autonomous utility cart of claim 12, and wherein said processor memory includes a destination icon and a movement icon, one of either said destination icon and movement icon being selectively displayed on said at least one key, the worker touching said destination icon to autonomously propel said drive unit and cart structure to said selected destination, and the worker touching said movement icon to move said drive unit and cart structure in a self-propelled manner. 16. The autonomous utility cart of claim 12, and wherein said navigation and movement system includes a programmed microcontroller with a second memory and a motor controller to execute said movement instructions from said processor, and said drive unit circuitry electrically and communicatingly connects said microcontroller and second memory and motor controller. 17. The autonomous utility cart of claim 16, and wherein said drive unit is located below said cart structure, and said scanning device is a time-of-flight laser scanner mounted atop said drive unit. 18. The autonomous utility cart of claim 17, and further including a plurality of proximity sensors mounted to said cart structure, each of said proximity sensors obtaining proximity sensor data and being in electrical communication with said drive unit circuitry, and wherein the working environment includes temporary obstacles, and said system uses said proximity sensor data to avoid the temporary obstacles when traveling along said route to said selected destination 19. The autonomous utility cart of claim 18, and wherein said navigation and movement system further uses said environment data from said laser scanner to avoid the temporary obstacles when traveling along said route to said selected destination. 20. The autonomous utility cart of claim 19, and wherein said time-of-flight laser scanner is mounted to said drive unit and is a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) scanner with a substantially 360° scanning range. 21. A robotic cart platform for integrating into an existing manually operated utility cart to convert the cart into an autonomous utility cart, the cart having a cart structure with a front, rear, first side and second side, lower and upper trays, front and rear risers and front and rear caster wheels, each riser having angled exterior riser walls forming an interior riser channel and having multiple spaced openings extending through the exterior riser walls, the front and rear risers having forward facing openings, rearward facing openings, first side facing openings and second side facing openings, the trays having a top surface supported by structural webbing forming a matrix of tray compartments under the top surface, the cart being used in a working environment including open areas, fixed structures, temporary obstacles and multiple destinations, said robotic cart platform comprising:
a drive unit located below the lower tray and replacing the front caster wheels of the manually operated utility cart, said drive unit having first and second drive wheels, said drive unit having a navigation and movement system including a first drive motor with a first drive shaft to selectively rotate said first drive wheel and a second drive motor with a second drive shaft to selectively rotate said second drive wheel, a programmed processor with a first memory to plan a route and movement instructions for said drive unit to travel through the working environment to a selected destination, a microcontroller with a second memory to execute said movement instructions via a motor controller, said motor controller being electrically connected to said drive motors to control rotational movement of said drive shafts and drive wheels, said motor controller rotating said first drive shaft and first drive wheel independently of said second drive shaft and second drive wheel to propel said drive unit and cart structure along straight and curved paths of travel, first and second motor encoders obtaining rotational movement data for each of said drive shafts, and drive unit circuitry electrically and communicatingly connecting said processor, first memory, microcontroller, second memory, motor controller and encoders; a main power source in electric power supplying communication with said drive unit circuitry, said power source being secured to said cart; a time-of-flight laser scanner with a rotating sensor and a circumferential sensing range to obtain working environment data sufficient to locate the open areas and fixed structures, said laser scanner being secured to one of either said drive unit and said cart and being in electrical communication with said drive unit circuitry; a plurality of proximity sensors, each said proximity sensor having a sensing direction and being in electrical communication with said drive unit circuitry, said proximity sensors being secured in the interior riser channels proximal the riser openings, at least one of said proximity sensors being aimed from at least one of said forward facing openings, at least one of said proximity sensors being aimed from at least one of said rearward facing openings, at least one of said proximity sensors being aimed from at least one of said first side openings, and at least one of said proximity sensors being aimed from at least one of said second side openings; a cable array including first and second cable lines, said first cable line including a power source cable and first and second proximity sensor cables, said power source cable having opposed terminal connections for electrically connecting to said power source port to said power source, said first proximity sensor cable having opposed terminal connections for electrically connecting said first proximity sensor port to said proximity sensors located on the first side of the cart, said second proximity sensor cable having opposed terminal connections for electrically connecting said second proximity sensor port to said proximity sensors located on the second side of the cart; and, said cable array being routed through the interior riser channels and the matrix of tray compartments. 22. The robotic cart platform of claim 21, and wherein said laser scanner is a LIDAR scanner, said LIDAR scanner is located atop said drive unit and below the lower tray, and each of said proximity sensors has a scanning cone. 23. The robotic cart platform of claim 22, and wherein said navigation and movement system includes a control panel, on/off switch, “GO” button and emergency stop button, each being secured to the cart. 24. The robotic cart platform of claim 21, and wherein said drive unit has a mounting assembly with right and left mounting plates, said mounting plates securing said drive unit to the cart mounting structure. 25. The robotic cart platform of claim 24, and wherein said navigation and movement system includes four weight sensors, two of said weight sensor being secured between each of the rear caster wheels and the cart mounting structure, and two of said weight sensors being secured between each of said mounting plates and the cart mounting structure. 26. The utility cart of claim 25, and wherein said first memory includes a weight threshold, said weight sensors send weight data to said processor, said processor compares said weight data to said weight threshold and stops said drive motors when said weight data exceeds said weight threshold. 27. The utility cart of claim 26, and further including a communication device with at least one key to obtain selected destination data when said current location of said drive unit is at a selected destination, said communication device being in electrical communication with said navigation and movement system and mounted to one or either said cart structure and said drive unit, and the worker touches said at least one key to store said selected destination data in said processor memory. 28. A utility cart to carry at least one item having an item weight, said utility cart comprising:
a cart structure adapted to carry the item, said cart structure having a cart structure weight and a cart mounting structure, said cart mounting structure having a plurality of spaced apart cart fastener openings extending into said cart mounting structure; a caster wheel assembly having a wheel mounting bracket with a bracket perimeter portion and an integrally formed bracket central area, said bracket perimeter portion having a plurality of bracket fastener openings in mated alignment with said cart fastener openings; a weight sensor assembly located between said wheel mounting bracket and said cart mounting structure, said weight sensor assembly including a sensor plate with a sensor plate perimeter portion and an integral inwardly extending semi-flexible cantilevered support tab, said support tab having a tab neck, central focal area, tab surface and a strain gauge sensor, said strain gauge sensor being secured to said tab surface, said tab neck and focal area being surrounded by a flex accommodating opening, and said focal area being aligned directly over and in load supporting engagement with said central area of said wheel mounting bracket; a weight bearing crown formed on one of either said central area of said wheel mounting bracket and said central focal area of said support tab; a plurality of fasteners passing through said bracket fastener openings and into said cart fastener openings to firmly secure said caster wheel mounting bracket to said cart mounting structure; said fasteners leaving a non-load bearing gap between said bracket perimeter portion and said sensor plate perimeter portion; and, wherein said semi-flexible support tab flexes responsive to said cart weight and the item weight, and said strain gauge sensor produces strain gauge weight data sufficient to indicate one of either the item weight and said cart weight and the item weight. 29. The utility cart of claim 28, and wherein said weight bearing crown is an upwardly facing curved surface formed into said caster wheel mounting bracket. 30. The utility cart of claim 28, and wherein said weight bearing crown is a downwardly facing curved surface formed into said central focal area of said support tab. 31. The utility cart of claim 28, and wherein said weight sensor assembly includes a spacer plate located between said sensor plate and said cart mounting structure, said spacer plate having a spacer plate perimeter portion and an open spacer plate interior, said support tab flexing upward into said open spacer plate interior. 32. The utility cart of claim 28, and wherein said weight sensor assembly includes a spacer bracket located between said spacer plate and said cart mounting structure, said plurality of fasteners passing through said spacer bracket. 33. The utility cart of claim 32, and wherein said cart has at least three cart mounting structures, said caster wheel assembly is at least three caster wheel assemblies, and said weight sensor assembly is at least three weight sensor assemblies, and wherein each weight sensor assembly is located between an associated wheel mounting bracket and an associated cart mounting structure, said focal area of each support tab being aligned directly over and in load supporting engagement with said weight bearing crown of its said associated wheel mounting bracket, said plurality of fasteners firmly securing each of said caster wheel mounting brackets to its said associated cart mounting structure; and said fasteners leaving a non-load bearing gap between each of said bracket perimeter portions and its said sensor perimeter portion, said support tabs supporting the entire cart structure weight and the entire item weight. 34. The utility cart of claim 33, and further including a programmed processor and a visual display secured to said cart structure, said processor being in electrical communication with said visual display and each of said weight sensors, said weight sensors sending said weight data to said processor, said processor converting said weight data into digital weight measurement data and sending said digital weight measurement data to said visual display, said visual display displaying said digital weight measurement data as a visual weight measurement. 35. The utility cart of claim 34, and wherein said processor has memory containing a weight threshold and a digital warning message, said programmed processor compares said weight threshold to one of either said strain gauge data and said digital weight measurement data, and said processor sends said digital warning message to said visual display when said weight threshold is exceeded, and said visual display displays said digital warning message. 36. The utility cart of claim 35, and wherein said strain gauge sensor is a piezoelectric sensor and said strain gauge data is resistance data. 37. The utility cart of claim 28, and wherein each caster wheel assembly includes a wheel, a wheel axle rotatingly holding said wheel, a hub firmly holding said wheel axle, and said mounting bracket swivelingly holds said hub. 38. The utility cart of claim 28, and wherein said fastener openings are vertical fastener openings and said fasteners are threaded fasteners, and each of said threaded fastener has a narrow shaft and a wide head, said shafts passing through said bracket openings and into said vertical fastener openings in said cart mounting structure, and said wider head of said threaded fasteners engage said wheel mounting plate in a snug, non-weight bearing manner. | 3,600 |
349,438 | 16,807,008 | 3,666 | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A wireless device (e.g., a user equipment and/or base station) may operate in a first mode in a wireless network over a radio frequency spectrum band. The wireless device may receive a signal indicating that a value of the radio frequency spectrum band has satisfied a threshold value. The wireless device may switch, based at least in part on the signal indicating that the value has satisfied the threshold value, from the first mode to a second mode for wireless communications in the wireless network, wherein a first length of a first synchronization signal block associated with the first mode is shorter than a second length of a second synchronization signal block associated with the second mode. | 1. A method for wireless communications at a wireless device, comprising:
operating in a first mode in a wireless network over a radio frequency spectrum band; receiving a signal indicating that a value of the radio frequency spectrum band has satisfied a threshold value; and switching, based at least in part on the signal indicating that the value has satisfied the threshold value, from the first mode to a second mode for wireless communications in the wireless network, wherein a first length of a first synchronization signal block associated with the first mode is shorter than a second length of a second synchronization signal block associated with the second mode. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless network comprises an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
performing wireless backhaul communications with a second wireless device of the IAB network according to the second mode. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
performing wireless backhaul communications with a third wireless device of the IAB network according to the first pathloss mode or the second pathloss mode. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the value comprises a pathloss value and the threshold value comprises a threshold pathloss value. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
determining that the signal was received at a received power level below a threshold level, wherein the signal being received at the received power level below the threshold level indicates that the pathloss value has surpassed the threshold pathloss value. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting an indication to one or more other wireless devices that the wireless device has switched to the second mode. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
decoding the signal to determine that the value has surpassed the threshold value. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal comprises at least one of an in-band signal, an out-of-band signal, a broadcast signal, a unicast signal, or a combination thereof. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein a first length of a first reference signal associated with the first mode is shorter than a second length of a second reference signal associated with the second mode. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) associated with the first mode is higher than a second MCS associated with the second pathloss mode. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein a first bandwidth associated with the first mode is wider than a second bandwidth associated with the second mode. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein a first beam width associated with the first mode is narrower than a second beam width associated with the second mode. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the radio frequency spectrum band comprises an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless network comprises a millimeter wave wireless network. 16. An apparatus for wireless communications at a wireless device, comprising:
a processor, memory coupled to the processor, the processor and memory configured to:
operate in a first mode in a wireless network over a radio frequency spectrum band;
receive a signal indicating that a value of the radio frequency spectrum band has satisfied a threshold value; and
switch, based at least in part on the signal indicating that the value has satisfied the threshold value, from the first mode to a second mode for wireless communications in the wireless network, wherein a first length of a first synchronization signal block associated with the first mode is shorter than a second length of a second synchronization signal block associated with the second mode. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the wireless network comprises an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the processor and memory are configured to:
perform wireless backhaul communications with a second wireless device of the IAB network according to the second mode. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the processor and memory are configured to:
perform wireless backhaul communications with a third wireless device of the IAB network according to the first pathloss mode or the second pathloss mode. 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the value comprises a pathloss value and the threshold value comprises a threshold pathloss value. 21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the processor and memory are configured to:
determine that the signal was received at a received power level below a threshold level, wherein the signal being received at the received power level below the threshold level indicates that the pathloss value has surpassed the threshold pathloss value. 22. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor and memory are configured to:
transmit an indication to one or more other wireless devices that the wireless device has switched to the second mode. 23. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor and memory are configured to:
decode the signal to determine that the value has surpassed the threshold value. 24. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the signal comprises at least one of an in-band signal, an out-of-band signal, a broadcast signal, a unicast signal, or a combination thereof. 25. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein a first length of a first reference signal associated with the first mode is shorter than a second length of a second reference signal associated with the second mode. 26. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) associated with the first mode is higher than a second MCS associated with the second pathloss mode. 27. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein a first bandwidth associated with the first mode is wider than a second bandwidth associated with the second mode. 28. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein a first beam width associated with the first mode is narrower than a second beam width associated with the second mode. 29. An apparatus for wireless communications at a wireless device, comprising:
means for operating in a first mode in a wireless network over a radio frequency spectrum band; means for receiving a signal indicating that a value of the radio frequency spectrum band has satisfied a threshold value; and means for switching, based at least in part on the signal indicating that the value has satisfied the threshold value, from the first mode to a second mode for wireless communications in the wireless network, wherein a first length of a first synchronization signal block associated with the first mode is shorter than a second length of a second synchronization signal block associated with the second mode. 30. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications at a wireless device, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to:
operate in a first mode in a wireless network over a radio frequency spectrum band; receive a signal indicating that a value of the radio frequency spectrum band has satisfied a threshold value; and switch, based at least in part on the signal indicating that the value has satisfied the threshold value, from the first mode to a second mode for wireless communications in the wireless network, wherein a first length of a first synchronization signal block associated with the first mode is shorter than a second length of a second synchronization signal block associated with the second mode. | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A wireless device (e.g., a user equipment and/or base station) may operate in a first mode in a wireless network over a radio frequency spectrum band. The wireless device may receive a signal indicating that a value of the radio frequency spectrum band has satisfied a threshold value. The wireless device may switch, based at least in part on the signal indicating that the value has satisfied the threshold value, from the first mode to a second mode for wireless communications in the wireless network, wherein a first length of a first synchronization signal block associated with the first mode is shorter than a second length of a second synchronization signal block associated with the second mode.1. A method for wireless communications at a wireless device, comprising:
operating in a first mode in a wireless network over a radio frequency spectrum band; receiving a signal indicating that a value of the radio frequency spectrum band has satisfied a threshold value; and switching, based at least in part on the signal indicating that the value has satisfied the threshold value, from the first mode to a second mode for wireless communications in the wireless network, wherein a first length of a first synchronization signal block associated with the first mode is shorter than a second length of a second synchronization signal block associated with the second mode. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless network comprises an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
performing wireless backhaul communications with a second wireless device of the IAB network according to the second mode. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
performing wireless backhaul communications with a third wireless device of the IAB network according to the first pathloss mode or the second pathloss mode. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the value comprises a pathloss value and the threshold value comprises a threshold pathloss value. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
determining that the signal was received at a received power level below a threshold level, wherein the signal being received at the received power level below the threshold level indicates that the pathloss value has surpassed the threshold pathloss value. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting an indication to one or more other wireless devices that the wireless device has switched to the second mode. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
decoding the signal to determine that the value has surpassed the threshold value. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal comprises at least one of an in-band signal, an out-of-band signal, a broadcast signal, a unicast signal, or a combination thereof. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein a first length of a first reference signal associated with the first mode is shorter than a second length of a second reference signal associated with the second mode. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) associated with the first mode is higher than a second MCS associated with the second pathloss mode. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein a first bandwidth associated with the first mode is wider than a second bandwidth associated with the second mode. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein a first beam width associated with the first mode is narrower than a second beam width associated with the second mode. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the radio frequency spectrum band comprises an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless network comprises a millimeter wave wireless network. 16. An apparatus for wireless communications at a wireless device, comprising:
a processor, memory coupled to the processor, the processor and memory configured to:
operate in a first mode in a wireless network over a radio frequency spectrum band;
receive a signal indicating that a value of the radio frequency spectrum band has satisfied a threshold value; and
switch, based at least in part on the signal indicating that the value has satisfied the threshold value, from the first mode to a second mode for wireless communications in the wireless network, wherein a first length of a first synchronization signal block associated with the first mode is shorter than a second length of a second synchronization signal block associated with the second mode. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the wireless network comprises an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the processor and memory are configured to:
perform wireless backhaul communications with a second wireless device of the IAB network according to the second mode. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the processor and memory are configured to:
perform wireless backhaul communications with a third wireless device of the IAB network according to the first pathloss mode or the second pathloss mode. 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the value comprises a pathloss value and the threshold value comprises a threshold pathloss value. 21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the processor and memory are configured to:
determine that the signal was received at a received power level below a threshold level, wherein the signal being received at the received power level below the threshold level indicates that the pathloss value has surpassed the threshold pathloss value. 22. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor and memory are configured to:
transmit an indication to one or more other wireless devices that the wireless device has switched to the second mode. 23. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor and memory are configured to:
decode the signal to determine that the value has surpassed the threshold value. 24. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the signal comprises at least one of an in-band signal, an out-of-band signal, a broadcast signal, a unicast signal, or a combination thereof. 25. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein a first length of a first reference signal associated with the first mode is shorter than a second length of a second reference signal associated with the second mode. 26. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) associated with the first mode is higher than a second MCS associated with the second pathloss mode. 27. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein a first bandwidth associated with the first mode is wider than a second bandwidth associated with the second mode. 28. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein a first beam width associated with the first mode is narrower than a second beam width associated with the second mode. 29. An apparatus for wireless communications at a wireless device, comprising:
means for operating in a first mode in a wireless network over a radio frequency spectrum band; means for receiving a signal indicating that a value of the radio frequency spectrum band has satisfied a threshold value; and means for switching, based at least in part on the signal indicating that the value has satisfied the threshold value, from the first mode to a second mode for wireless communications in the wireless network, wherein a first length of a first synchronization signal block associated with the first mode is shorter than a second length of a second synchronization signal block associated with the second mode. 30. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications at a wireless device, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to:
operate in a first mode in a wireless network over a radio frequency spectrum band; receive a signal indicating that a value of the radio frequency spectrum band has satisfied a threshold value; and switch, based at least in part on the signal indicating that the value has satisfied the threshold value, from the first mode to a second mode for wireless communications in the wireless network, wherein a first length of a first synchronization signal block associated with the first mode is shorter than a second length of a second synchronization signal block associated with the second mode. | 3,600 |
349,439 | 16,807,016 | 3,678 | A high power laser system for providing laser beams in various laser beam patterns along a laser beam path that is positioned to provide for the in situ laser processing of materials in tubulars, such as pipes in a hydrocarbon producing well. Laser treating for providing flow assurance by direct and indirect laser processing of materials interfering with flow. | 1-103. (canceled) 104. A method for stimulation a hydrocarbon well using a high power laser system for performing laser operation on a material in a borehole in the earth, the method comprising:
a. providing a laser beam having at least about 20 kW of power; b. launching the laser beam into a long distance high power transmission cable that extends from a surface of the earth to a depth within a borehole; thereby transmitting the laser beam within a borehole hole to a laser tool that is in the borehole and in optical communication with the high power transmission cable; and, c. wherein the laser tool comprises an outer structure capable of withstanding down hole conditions and having a high power laser optic assembly to provide an predetermined laser beam pattern to the interior of a surface of the borehole; the optic assembly comprising a collimator to provide a collimated circular laser beam, which follows ray trace lines to enter an axicon, wherein the laser beam travels through the axicon and whereby the laser beam exits the axicon in a beam pattern that initially is characterized as a Bessel pattern and then expands and becomes an annular ring pattern on the inner borehole surface; whereby the laser beam removes a material on the inner borehole surface. 105. A method of performing a laser operation in a borehole, using a high power laser system for performing in situ high power laser processing of a material in a borehole in the earth, the method comprising:
a. positioning in the borehole a laser capability of providing a laser beam having at least about 20 kW of power; b. positioning in the borehole a long distance high power transmission cable for transmitting the high power laser; c. positioning in the borehole a high power in situ processing laser tool optically associated with the transmission cable and the laser; d. positioning in the borehole the laser tool positioned in the borehole adjacent an area of likely flow impediment; and, e. wherein the high power laser tool comprising: (i) a high power laser optic to provide the laser beam in a laser beam pattern and along a laser beam path; (ii) a laser flow passage, contained within the high power laser tool, the flow passage configured to operationally influence a flowing hydrocarbons in the borehole; f. propagating the laser beam along the laser beam path, whereby the laser beam path, at least in part, travels through the laser flow passage, wherein flowing hydrocarbons are capable of being processed by the laser beam delivered along the laser beam path in the laser beam pattern, whereby the hydrocarbons are process within the laser flow passage. 106. The method of claim 105, wherein the high power laser system for performing in situ high power laser processing of flowing material in a borehole of claim 2, wherein the laser tool is located at least about 1,000 feet from a surface of the borehole. 107. The method of claim 105, wherein the high power laser system for performing in situ high power laser processing of flowing material in a borehole of claim 2, wherein the laser tool is located at least about 2,000 feet from a surface of the borehole. 108. The method of claim 105, wherein the high power laser system for performing in situ high power laser processing of flowing material in a borehole of claim 2, wherein the laser tool is located at least about 3,000 feet from a surface of the borehole. 109. The method of claim 105, wherein the laser tool is located at least about 1,000 feet from a surface of the borehole and the system comprises a second high power laser tool comprising a high power laser optic to provide the laser beam in a laser beam pattern and along a laser beam path, a laser flow passage, the flow passage configured to, at least in part, operationally influence the flowing hydrocarbons in the borehole. 110. The method of claim 105, wherein hydrocarbons are flowing in the borehole and the flowing hydrocarbon has at least about 0.4 wt % asphaltene. 111. The method of claim 105, wherein hydrocarbons are flowing in the borehole and the flowing hydrocarbon has at least about 4 wt % asphaltene. 112. The method of claim 105, wherein the system is capable of increasing the S-value of the flowing hydrocarbon by at about 0.05. 113. The method of claim 105, wherein the system is capable of increasing the S-value of the flowing hydrocarbon by at about 1. 114. A method of performing a laser operation in a borehole in the earth, using a high power laser system for performing in situ high power laser processing of a material in a borehole in the earth, the method comprising:
a. positioning in the borehole a long distance high power transmission cable for transmitting the high power laser; b. positioning in the borehole a high power in situ processing laser tool optically associated with the transmission cable and positioned in the borehole; and, c. positioning in the borehole the high power laser tool comprising a high power laser optic assembly to provide the laser beam in a laser beam pattern and along a laser beam path, the laser beam path intersecting a borehole sidewall; the optic assembly comprising a collimator to provide a collimated circular laser beam, which follows ray trace lines to enter an axicon, wherein the laser beam travels through the axicon and whereby the laser beam exits the axicon in a beam pattern that initially is characterized as a Bessel pattern and then expands and becomes an annular ring pattern on the borehole sidewall; d. generating a laser beam along the laser beam path, wherein the laser beam path, at least in part, travels through a flow impediment material, whereby the flow impediment material is removed without damaging the sidewall of the borehole. 115. The method of claim 114, wherein the flow impediment material comprises at least about a 10% blockage of a passage in the borehole. 116. The method of claim 114, wherein the flow impediment material comprises at least about a 20% blockage of a passage in the borehole. 117. The method of claim 114, wherein the flow impediment material comprises at least about a 50% blockage of a passage in the borehole. 118. The method of claim 114, wherein the flow impediment material comprises at least about a 90% blockage of a passage in the borehole. 119. The method of claim 114, wherein the flow impediment material comprises at least about a 10% blockage of a passage in the borehole and the flow impediment material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a precipitate, a solid, a paraffins, a wax, an asphaltene, a gas hydrate, a scale, Barium Sulfate, and calcium carbonate. 120. The method of claim 114, wherein the flow impediment material comprises at least about a 20% blockage of a passage in the borehole and the flow impediment material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a precipitate, a solid, a paraffins, a wax, an asphaltene, a gas hydrate, a scale, Barium Sulfate, and calcium carbonate. 121. The method of claim 114, wherein the flow impediment material comprises at least about a 50% blockage of a passage in the borehole and the flow impediment material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a precipitate, a solid, a paraffins, a wax, an asphaltene, a gas hydrate, a scale, Barium Sulfate, and calcium carbonate. | A high power laser system for providing laser beams in various laser beam patterns along a laser beam path that is positioned to provide for the in situ laser processing of materials in tubulars, such as pipes in a hydrocarbon producing well. Laser treating for providing flow assurance by direct and indirect laser processing of materials interfering with flow.1-103. (canceled) 104. A method for stimulation a hydrocarbon well using a high power laser system for performing laser operation on a material in a borehole in the earth, the method comprising:
a. providing a laser beam having at least about 20 kW of power; b. launching the laser beam into a long distance high power transmission cable that extends from a surface of the earth to a depth within a borehole; thereby transmitting the laser beam within a borehole hole to a laser tool that is in the borehole and in optical communication with the high power transmission cable; and, c. wherein the laser tool comprises an outer structure capable of withstanding down hole conditions and having a high power laser optic assembly to provide an predetermined laser beam pattern to the interior of a surface of the borehole; the optic assembly comprising a collimator to provide a collimated circular laser beam, which follows ray trace lines to enter an axicon, wherein the laser beam travels through the axicon and whereby the laser beam exits the axicon in a beam pattern that initially is characterized as a Bessel pattern and then expands and becomes an annular ring pattern on the inner borehole surface; whereby the laser beam removes a material on the inner borehole surface. 105. A method of performing a laser operation in a borehole, using a high power laser system for performing in situ high power laser processing of a material in a borehole in the earth, the method comprising:
a. positioning in the borehole a laser capability of providing a laser beam having at least about 20 kW of power; b. positioning in the borehole a long distance high power transmission cable for transmitting the high power laser; c. positioning in the borehole a high power in situ processing laser tool optically associated with the transmission cable and the laser; d. positioning in the borehole the laser tool positioned in the borehole adjacent an area of likely flow impediment; and, e. wherein the high power laser tool comprising: (i) a high power laser optic to provide the laser beam in a laser beam pattern and along a laser beam path; (ii) a laser flow passage, contained within the high power laser tool, the flow passage configured to operationally influence a flowing hydrocarbons in the borehole; f. propagating the laser beam along the laser beam path, whereby the laser beam path, at least in part, travels through the laser flow passage, wherein flowing hydrocarbons are capable of being processed by the laser beam delivered along the laser beam path in the laser beam pattern, whereby the hydrocarbons are process within the laser flow passage. 106. The method of claim 105, wherein the high power laser system for performing in situ high power laser processing of flowing material in a borehole of claim 2, wherein the laser tool is located at least about 1,000 feet from a surface of the borehole. 107. The method of claim 105, wherein the high power laser system for performing in situ high power laser processing of flowing material in a borehole of claim 2, wherein the laser tool is located at least about 2,000 feet from a surface of the borehole. 108. The method of claim 105, wherein the high power laser system for performing in situ high power laser processing of flowing material in a borehole of claim 2, wherein the laser tool is located at least about 3,000 feet from a surface of the borehole. 109. The method of claim 105, wherein the laser tool is located at least about 1,000 feet from a surface of the borehole and the system comprises a second high power laser tool comprising a high power laser optic to provide the laser beam in a laser beam pattern and along a laser beam path, a laser flow passage, the flow passage configured to, at least in part, operationally influence the flowing hydrocarbons in the borehole. 110. The method of claim 105, wherein hydrocarbons are flowing in the borehole and the flowing hydrocarbon has at least about 0.4 wt % asphaltene. 111. The method of claim 105, wherein hydrocarbons are flowing in the borehole and the flowing hydrocarbon has at least about 4 wt % asphaltene. 112. The method of claim 105, wherein the system is capable of increasing the S-value of the flowing hydrocarbon by at about 0.05. 113. The method of claim 105, wherein the system is capable of increasing the S-value of the flowing hydrocarbon by at about 1. 114. A method of performing a laser operation in a borehole in the earth, using a high power laser system for performing in situ high power laser processing of a material in a borehole in the earth, the method comprising:
a. positioning in the borehole a long distance high power transmission cable for transmitting the high power laser; b. positioning in the borehole a high power in situ processing laser tool optically associated with the transmission cable and positioned in the borehole; and, c. positioning in the borehole the high power laser tool comprising a high power laser optic assembly to provide the laser beam in a laser beam pattern and along a laser beam path, the laser beam path intersecting a borehole sidewall; the optic assembly comprising a collimator to provide a collimated circular laser beam, which follows ray trace lines to enter an axicon, wherein the laser beam travels through the axicon and whereby the laser beam exits the axicon in a beam pattern that initially is characterized as a Bessel pattern and then expands and becomes an annular ring pattern on the borehole sidewall; d. generating a laser beam along the laser beam path, wherein the laser beam path, at least in part, travels through a flow impediment material, whereby the flow impediment material is removed without damaging the sidewall of the borehole. 115. The method of claim 114, wherein the flow impediment material comprises at least about a 10% blockage of a passage in the borehole. 116. The method of claim 114, wherein the flow impediment material comprises at least about a 20% blockage of a passage in the borehole. 117. The method of claim 114, wherein the flow impediment material comprises at least about a 50% blockage of a passage in the borehole. 118. The method of claim 114, wherein the flow impediment material comprises at least about a 90% blockage of a passage in the borehole. 119. The method of claim 114, wherein the flow impediment material comprises at least about a 10% blockage of a passage in the borehole and the flow impediment material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a precipitate, a solid, a paraffins, a wax, an asphaltene, a gas hydrate, a scale, Barium Sulfate, and calcium carbonate. 120. The method of claim 114, wherein the flow impediment material comprises at least about a 20% blockage of a passage in the borehole and the flow impediment material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a precipitate, a solid, a paraffins, a wax, an asphaltene, a gas hydrate, a scale, Barium Sulfate, and calcium carbonate. 121. The method of claim 114, wherein the flow impediment material comprises at least about a 50% blockage of a passage in the borehole and the flow impediment material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a precipitate, a solid, a paraffins, a wax, an asphaltene, a gas hydrate, a scale, Barium Sulfate, and calcium carbonate. | 3,600 |
349,440 | 16,806,923 | 3,678 | The present disclosure describes system and method to virtualize a plant facility with remote sites that are separated from a central site. The method includes: receiving, at a remote site of the plant facility and from a transport vehicle of a transport network, an engineering package assembled by a server computer located at the central site of the plant facility and addressed to the remote site of the plant facility, the engineering package comprising a command script and a data component; and extracting, by one or more computing devices at the remote site, the command script from the engineering package such that the command script is executed to cause the one or more computing devices to perform tasks of managing site operations at the remote site of the plant facility as if a human control systems engineer is present to perform such tasks on-site. | 1. A computer-implemented method to manage a plant facility with more than one remote sites that are separated from a central site, the method comprising:
receiving, at a remote site of the plant facility and from a transport vehicle of a transport network, an engineering package assembled by a server computer located at the central site of the plant facility and addressed to the remote site of the plant facility, the engineering package comprising a command script and a data component; and extracting, by one or more computing devices at the remote site, the command script from the engineering package such that the command script is executed to cause the one or more computing devices to perform tasks of managing site operations at the remote site of the plant facility as if a human control systems engineer is present to perform such tasks on-site. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising: unpacking the data component when the command script is executed. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the data component encodes one or more of:
a set-point change, a PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controller tuning command, an OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) for Process Control (OPC) alarm management request, a system update, a security patch, or an update firmware. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein extracting the command script is performed when the engineering package arrives with the transport vehicle at the remote site of the plant facility such that the command script is executed to perform at least one of: pushing commands or collecting information at the remote site by polling computers, controllers, instruments and field devices at the remote site. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein the information collected from the remote site of the plant facility is packaged and carried back to the central site to be received by the server computer. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, further comprising:
detecting that the transport vehicle is approaching the remote site of the plant facility based on data from one or more sensors at the remote site. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, further comprising:
validating an identity of the transport vehicle as the transport vehicle approaches the remote site of the plant facility. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, further comprising:
in response to determining that the identity of the transport vehicle is valid, opening a gate of the remote site of the plant facility to allow the transport vehicle to enter the remote site. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, further comprising:
in response to determining that the identity of the transport vehicle is invalid, operating a gate of the remote site to deny entry of the transport vehicle into the remote site. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein extracting the command script comprises:
extracting a hash value attached to the engineering package being assembled, wherein the hash value is generated by a hash function by using, as hash keys, one or more of: an identification of a manager of the remote site of the plant facility, an address of a fixed relay module at the remote site of the plant facility, an address of a mobile relay module at the transport vehicle, and an identification of the transport vehicle. 11. A computer system located at a remote site of a plant facility and comprising a processor and at least one memory, wherein the processor is configured to perform operations of:
receiving, at the remote site of the plant facility and from a transport vehicle of a transport network, an engineering package assembled by a server computer located at a central site of the plant facility and addressed to the remote site of the plant facility, the engineering package comprising a command script and a data component; and extracting, by one or more computing devices at the remote site, the command script from the engineering package such that the command script is executed to cause the one or more computing devices to perform tasks of managing site operations at the remote site as if a human control systems engineer is present to perform such tasks on-site. 12. The computer system of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprises:
unpacking the data component when the command script is executed. 13. The computer system of claim 11, wherein the data component encodes one or more of:
a set-point change, a PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controller tuning command, an OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) for Process Control (OPC) alarm management request, a system update, a security patch, or an update firmware. 14. The computer system of claim 11, wherein extracting the command script is performed when the engineering package arrives with the transport vehicle at the remote site such that the command script is executed to perform at least one of: pushing commands or collecting information at the remote site by polling computers, controllers, instruments and field devices at the remote site. 15. The computer system of claim 14, wherein the information collected from the remote site is packaged and carried back to the central site to be received by the server computer. 16. The computer system of claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise:
detecting that the transport vehicle is approaching the remote site based on data from one or more sensors at the remote site. 17. The computer system of claim 16, wherein the operations further comprise:
validating an identity of the transport vehicle as the transport vehicle approaches the remote site. 18. The computer system of claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:
in response to determining that the identity of the transport vehicle is valid, opening a gate of the remote site to allow the transport vehicle to enter the remote site. 19. The computer system of claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:
in response to determining that the identity of the transport vehicle is invalid, operating a gate of the remote site to deny entry of the transport vehicle into the remote site. 20. The computer system of claim 14, wherein extracting the command script comprises:
extracting a hash value attached to the engineering package being assembled, wherein the hash value is generated by a hash function by using, as hash keys, one or more of: an identification of a manager of the remote site, an address of a fixed relay module at the remote site, an address of a mobile relay module at the transport vehicle, and an identification of the transport vehicle. | The present disclosure describes system and method to virtualize a plant facility with remote sites that are separated from a central site. The method includes: receiving, at a remote site of the plant facility and from a transport vehicle of a transport network, an engineering package assembled by a server computer located at the central site of the plant facility and addressed to the remote site of the plant facility, the engineering package comprising a command script and a data component; and extracting, by one or more computing devices at the remote site, the command script from the engineering package such that the command script is executed to cause the one or more computing devices to perform tasks of managing site operations at the remote site of the plant facility as if a human control systems engineer is present to perform such tasks on-site.1. A computer-implemented method to manage a plant facility with more than one remote sites that are separated from a central site, the method comprising:
receiving, at a remote site of the plant facility and from a transport vehicle of a transport network, an engineering package assembled by a server computer located at the central site of the plant facility and addressed to the remote site of the plant facility, the engineering package comprising a command script and a data component; and extracting, by one or more computing devices at the remote site, the command script from the engineering package such that the command script is executed to cause the one or more computing devices to perform tasks of managing site operations at the remote site of the plant facility as if a human control systems engineer is present to perform such tasks on-site. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising: unpacking the data component when the command script is executed. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the data component encodes one or more of:
a set-point change, a PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controller tuning command, an OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) for Process Control (OPC) alarm management request, a system update, a security patch, or an update firmware. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein extracting the command script is performed when the engineering package arrives with the transport vehicle at the remote site of the plant facility such that the command script is executed to perform at least one of: pushing commands or collecting information at the remote site by polling computers, controllers, instruments and field devices at the remote site. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein the information collected from the remote site of the plant facility is packaged and carried back to the central site to be received by the server computer. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, further comprising:
detecting that the transport vehicle is approaching the remote site of the plant facility based on data from one or more sensors at the remote site. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, further comprising:
validating an identity of the transport vehicle as the transport vehicle approaches the remote site of the plant facility. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, further comprising:
in response to determining that the identity of the transport vehicle is valid, opening a gate of the remote site of the plant facility to allow the transport vehicle to enter the remote site. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, further comprising:
in response to determining that the identity of the transport vehicle is invalid, operating a gate of the remote site to deny entry of the transport vehicle into the remote site. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein extracting the command script comprises:
extracting a hash value attached to the engineering package being assembled, wherein the hash value is generated by a hash function by using, as hash keys, one or more of: an identification of a manager of the remote site of the plant facility, an address of a fixed relay module at the remote site of the plant facility, an address of a mobile relay module at the transport vehicle, and an identification of the transport vehicle. 11. A computer system located at a remote site of a plant facility and comprising a processor and at least one memory, wherein the processor is configured to perform operations of:
receiving, at the remote site of the plant facility and from a transport vehicle of a transport network, an engineering package assembled by a server computer located at a central site of the plant facility and addressed to the remote site of the plant facility, the engineering package comprising a command script and a data component; and extracting, by one or more computing devices at the remote site, the command script from the engineering package such that the command script is executed to cause the one or more computing devices to perform tasks of managing site operations at the remote site as if a human control systems engineer is present to perform such tasks on-site. 12. The computer system of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprises:
unpacking the data component when the command script is executed. 13. The computer system of claim 11, wherein the data component encodes one or more of:
a set-point change, a PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controller tuning command, an OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) for Process Control (OPC) alarm management request, a system update, a security patch, or an update firmware. 14. The computer system of claim 11, wherein extracting the command script is performed when the engineering package arrives with the transport vehicle at the remote site such that the command script is executed to perform at least one of: pushing commands or collecting information at the remote site by polling computers, controllers, instruments and field devices at the remote site. 15. The computer system of claim 14, wherein the information collected from the remote site is packaged and carried back to the central site to be received by the server computer. 16. The computer system of claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise:
detecting that the transport vehicle is approaching the remote site based on data from one or more sensors at the remote site. 17. The computer system of claim 16, wherein the operations further comprise:
validating an identity of the transport vehicle as the transport vehicle approaches the remote site. 18. The computer system of claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:
in response to determining that the identity of the transport vehicle is valid, opening a gate of the remote site to allow the transport vehicle to enter the remote site. 19. The computer system of claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:
in response to determining that the identity of the transport vehicle is invalid, operating a gate of the remote site to deny entry of the transport vehicle into the remote site. 20. The computer system of claim 14, wherein extracting the command script comprises:
extracting a hash value attached to the engineering package being assembled, wherein the hash value is generated by a hash function by using, as hash keys, one or more of: an identification of a manager of the remote site, an address of a fixed relay module at the remote site, an address of a mobile relay module at the transport vehicle, and an identification of the transport vehicle. | 3,600 |
349,441 | 16,807,025 | 3,678 | A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes depositing a first insulation film in a via hole of a semiconductor substrate and above a first surface thereof, the semiconductor substrate having a circuit substrate on a second surface thereof, depositing a second insulation film having a covering property lower than the first insulation film in the via hole and above the first surface, and removing the first and second insulation films deposited at the bottom of the via hole by anisotropic etching. | 1. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising:
depositing a first insulation film in a via hole of a semiconductor substrate and above a first surface thereof, the semiconductor substrate having a circuit substrate on a second surface thereof; depositing a second insulation film having a covering property lower than the first insulation film in the via hole and above the first surface of the semiconductor substrate; and removing the first and second insulation films deposited at the bottom of the via hole by anisotropic etching. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the second insulation film is deposited after the first insulation film is deposited, and the second insulation film above the first surface of the semiconductor substrate is removed by the anisotropic etching. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein
the second insulation film formed on the first insulation film on a side surface of the via hole is removed by the anisotropic etching. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein
a thickness of the first insulation film formed on an upper portion of a side surface of the via hole is greater than a thickness of the first insulation film formed on a lower portion of the side surface of the via hole. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the first insulation film is deposited after the second insulation film is deposited, and the first insulation film above the first surface of the semiconductor substrate is removed by the anisotropic etching. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein
the first insulation film formed on the second insulation film on a side surface of the via hole is removed by the anisotropic etching. 7. The method according to claim 5, wherein
a thickness of the second insulation film formed on an upper portion of a side surface of the via hole is greater than a thickness of the second insulation film formed on a lower portion of the side surface of the via hole. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
forming the via hole in the semiconductor substrate before depositing the first and second insulation films. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein
the via hole extends in a direction from the first surface towards the second surface. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the circuit substrate includes a wiring circuit below the via hole. 11. The method according to claim 10, further comprising:
forming a through silicon via (TSV) contacting the wiring circuit through the via hole after the anisotropic etching. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the first and second insulation films are deposited at 250° C. or lower by a plasma CVD method. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein
an aspect ratio of the via hole is less than 2.8, the aspect ratio being calculated by dividing a depth of the via hole by a diameter of the via hole. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein
a diameter of the via hole is 10 pm or greater. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the first insulation film is deposited in an atmosphere including a tetraethyl orthosilicate gas, an oxygen-containing gas, and an NH group-containing gas, and the second insulation film is deposited in an atmosphere including a silane gas, an oxygen-containing gas, and an NH group-containing gas. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising:
switching supply of the tetraethyl orthosilicate gas and the silane gas after the deposition of one of the first and second insulation films which is formed first. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the second insulation film is deposited after the first insulation film is deposited such that first and second surfaces of the first insulation film are in contact with the semiconductor substrate and the second insulation film, respectively. 18. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the first insulation film is deposited after the second insulation film is deposited such that first and second surfaces of the second insulation film are in contact with the semiconductor substrate and the first insulation film, respectively. 19. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the second insulation film is deposited after the first insulation film is deposited, and the method further comprises depositing a third insulating film having the same covering property as the first insulation film in the via hole and above the first surface of the semiconductor substrate. 20. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the first insulation film is deposited after the second insulation film is deposited, and the method further comprises depositing a third insulating film having the same covering property as the second insulation film in the via hole and above the first surface of the semiconductor substrate. | A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes depositing a first insulation film in a via hole of a semiconductor substrate and above a first surface thereof, the semiconductor substrate having a circuit substrate on a second surface thereof, depositing a second insulation film having a covering property lower than the first insulation film in the via hole and above the first surface, and removing the first and second insulation films deposited at the bottom of the via hole by anisotropic etching.1. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising:
depositing a first insulation film in a via hole of a semiconductor substrate and above a first surface thereof, the semiconductor substrate having a circuit substrate on a second surface thereof; depositing a second insulation film having a covering property lower than the first insulation film in the via hole and above the first surface of the semiconductor substrate; and removing the first and second insulation films deposited at the bottom of the via hole by anisotropic etching. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the second insulation film is deposited after the first insulation film is deposited, and the second insulation film above the first surface of the semiconductor substrate is removed by the anisotropic etching. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein
the second insulation film formed on the first insulation film on a side surface of the via hole is removed by the anisotropic etching. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein
a thickness of the first insulation film formed on an upper portion of a side surface of the via hole is greater than a thickness of the first insulation film formed on a lower portion of the side surface of the via hole. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the first insulation film is deposited after the second insulation film is deposited, and the first insulation film above the first surface of the semiconductor substrate is removed by the anisotropic etching. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein
the first insulation film formed on the second insulation film on a side surface of the via hole is removed by the anisotropic etching. 7. The method according to claim 5, wherein
a thickness of the second insulation film formed on an upper portion of a side surface of the via hole is greater than a thickness of the second insulation film formed on a lower portion of the side surface of the via hole. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
forming the via hole in the semiconductor substrate before depositing the first and second insulation films. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein
the via hole extends in a direction from the first surface towards the second surface. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the circuit substrate includes a wiring circuit below the via hole. 11. The method according to claim 10, further comprising:
forming a through silicon via (TSV) contacting the wiring circuit through the via hole after the anisotropic etching. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the first and second insulation films are deposited at 250° C. or lower by a plasma CVD method. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein
an aspect ratio of the via hole is less than 2.8, the aspect ratio being calculated by dividing a depth of the via hole by a diameter of the via hole. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein
a diameter of the via hole is 10 pm or greater. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the first insulation film is deposited in an atmosphere including a tetraethyl orthosilicate gas, an oxygen-containing gas, and an NH group-containing gas, and the second insulation film is deposited in an atmosphere including a silane gas, an oxygen-containing gas, and an NH group-containing gas. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising:
switching supply of the tetraethyl orthosilicate gas and the silane gas after the deposition of one of the first and second insulation films which is formed first. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the second insulation film is deposited after the first insulation film is deposited such that first and second surfaces of the first insulation film are in contact with the semiconductor substrate and the second insulation film, respectively. 18. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the first insulation film is deposited after the second insulation film is deposited such that first and second surfaces of the second insulation film are in contact with the semiconductor substrate and the first insulation film, respectively. 19. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the second insulation film is deposited after the first insulation film is deposited, and the method further comprises depositing a third insulating film having the same covering property as the first insulation film in the via hole and above the first surface of the semiconductor substrate. 20. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the first insulation film is deposited after the second insulation film is deposited, and the method further comprises depositing a third insulating film having the same covering property as the second insulation film in the via hole and above the first surface of the semiconductor substrate. | 3,600 |
349,442 | 16,807,013 | 3,678 | Machine-readable media, methods, apparatus and system for beam acquisition in a wireless system are disclosed. In some embodiments, a base station may comprise a transceiver to transmit, to a user equipment (UE), a plurality of beam reference signals (BRSs) via a plurality of transmission beams; and to receive, from the UE, a report to report receiving information associated with at least one of the BRSs on at least one of the transmission beams, wherein the report comprises an antenna identifier to identify a directional antenna panel or an antenna port associated with the directional antenna panel of the UE which receives the at least one of the BRSs on the at least one of the transmission beam. | 1. (canceled) 2. A method performed by a user equipment (UE) in a cellular communications network, the method comprising:
receiving, from a base station and via at least one directional antenna panel of the UE, a plurality of beam reference signals (BRSs) mapped on a plurality of transmission beams; measuring at least one of the plurality of BRSs; generating a report including: (i) one or more results associated with the measurement of the at least one of the plurality of BRSs, and (ii) a BRS identifier of the at least one of the plurality of BRSs; and transmitting the report to the base station. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the at least one of the plurality of BRSs is predetermined for measurement by the UE. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein a number of the plurality of BRSs to be measured is predetermined, and wherein measuring at least one of the plurality of BRSs comprises:
selecting, based on the predetermined number of the plurality of BRSs, the at least one of the plurality of BRSs for measurement. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the report further comprises a transmission beam identifier of a respective transmission beam on which the at least one of the plurality of BRSs is mapped. 6. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
determining that the one or more results associated with the measurement of the at least one of the plurality of BRSs is greater than a predetermined threshold. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein measuring at least one of the plurality of BRSs comprises:
calculating a receiving quality of the at least one of the plurality of BRSs. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein measuring at least one of the plurality of BRSs comprises:
calculating a receiving power of the at least one of the plurality of BRSs. 9. A method performed by one or more device processors in a cellular communications network, the method comprising:
receiving, from a base station and via at least one directional antenna panel, a plurality of beam reference signals (BRSs) mapped on a plurality of transmission beams; measuring at least one of the plurality of BRSs; generating a report including: (i) one or more results associated with the measurement of the at least one of the plurality of BRSs, and (ii) a BRS identifier of the at least one of the plurality of BRSs; and transmitting the report to the base station. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the at least one of the plurality of BRSs is predetermined for measurement. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein a number of the plurality of BRSs to be measured is predetermined, and wherein measuring at least one of the plurality of BRSs comprises:
selecting, based on the predetermined number of the plurality of BRSs, the at least one of the plurality BRSs for measurement. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the report further comprises a transmission beam identifier of a respective transmission beam on which the at least one of the plurality of BRSs is mapped. 13. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
determining that the one or more results associated with the measurement of the at least one of the plurality of BRSs is greater than a predetermined threshold. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein measuring at least one of the plurality of BRSs comprises:
calculating a receiving quality of the at least one of the plurality of BRSs. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein measuring at least one of the plurality of BRSs comprises:
calculating a receiving power of the at least one of the plurality of BRSs. 16. A method performed by a base station in a cellular communications network, the method comprising:
transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), a plurality of beam reference signals (BRSs) via a plurality of transmission beams; and receiving, from the UE, a report reporting a measurement of at least one of the plurality of BRSs, wherein the report comprises: (i) one or more results associated with the measurement of the at least one of the plurality of BRSs, and (ii) a BRS identifier of the at least one of the plurality of BRSs. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
utilizing the report to configure channel control information; and transmitting the channel control information to the UE. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein utilizing the report further comprises:
selecting one or more transmission beam candidates at least in part based on the one or more results in the report; and configuring channel control information to include an antenna identifier of a directional antenna panel or an antenna port associated with the transmission beam candidates. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein utilizing the report further comprises:
selecting one or more transmission beam candidates at least in part based on the measurement in the report; and determining one or more transmission antenna panels for transmission between the base station and the UE at least in part based on a determination of whether the UE uses one or more directional antenna panels to receive the plurality of BRSs on the transmission beam candidates. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the-channel control information is associated with a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) and/or an enhanced physical control channel (EPDCCH). 21. The method of claim 16, wherein the measurement is a receiving power or a receiving quality of the at least one of the plurality of BRSs. | Machine-readable media, methods, apparatus and system for beam acquisition in a wireless system are disclosed. In some embodiments, a base station may comprise a transceiver to transmit, to a user equipment (UE), a plurality of beam reference signals (BRSs) via a plurality of transmission beams; and to receive, from the UE, a report to report receiving information associated with at least one of the BRSs on at least one of the transmission beams, wherein the report comprises an antenna identifier to identify a directional antenna panel or an antenna port associated with the directional antenna panel of the UE which receives the at least one of the BRSs on the at least one of the transmission beam.1. (canceled) 2. A method performed by a user equipment (UE) in a cellular communications network, the method comprising:
receiving, from a base station and via at least one directional antenna panel of the UE, a plurality of beam reference signals (BRSs) mapped on a plurality of transmission beams; measuring at least one of the plurality of BRSs; generating a report including: (i) one or more results associated with the measurement of the at least one of the plurality of BRSs, and (ii) a BRS identifier of the at least one of the plurality of BRSs; and transmitting the report to the base station. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the at least one of the plurality of BRSs is predetermined for measurement by the UE. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein a number of the plurality of BRSs to be measured is predetermined, and wherein measuring at least one of the plurality of BRSs comprises:
selecting, based on the predetermined number of the plurality of BRSs, the at least one of the plurality of BRSs for measurement. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the report further comprises a transmission beam identifier of a respective transmission beam on which the at least one of the plurality of BRSs is mapped. 6. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
determining that the one or more results associated with the measurement of the at least one of the plurality of BRSs is greater than a predetermined threshold. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein measuring at least one of the plurality of BRSs comprises:
calculating a receiving quality of the at least one of the plurality of BRSs. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein measuring at least one of the plurality of BRSs comprises:
calculating a receiving power of the at least one of the plurality of BRSs. 9. A method performed by one or more device processors in a cellular communications network, the method comprising:
receiving, from a base station and via at least one directional antenna panel, a plurality of beam reference signals (BRSs) mapped on a plurality of transmission beams; measuring at least one of the plurality of BRSs; generating a report including: (i) one or more results associated with the measurement of the at least one of the plurality of BRSs, and (ii) a BRS identifier of the at least one of the plurality of BRSs; and transmitting the report to the base station. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the at least one of the plurality of BRSs is predetermined for measurement. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein a number of the plurality of BRSs to be measured is predetermined, and wherein measuring at least one of the plurality of BRSs comprises:
selecting, based on the predetermined number of the plurality of BRSs, the at least one of the plurality BRSs for measurement. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the report further comprises a transmission beam identifier of a respective transmission beam on which the at least one of the plurality of BRSs is mapped. 13. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
determining that the one or more results associated with the measurement of the at least one of the plurality of BRSs is greater than a predetermined threshold. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein measuring at least one of the plurality of BRSs comprises:
calculating a receiving quality of the at least one of the plurality of BRSs. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein measuring at least one of the plurality of BRSs comprises:
calculating a receiving power of the at least one of the plurality of BRSs. 16. A method performed by a base station in a cellular communications network, the method comprising:
transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), a plurality of beam reference signals (BRSs) via a plurality of transmission beams; and receiving, from the UE, a report reporting a measurement of at least one of the plurality of BRSs, wherein the report comprises: (i) one or more results associated with the measurement of the at least one of the plurality of BRSs, and (ii) a BRS identifier of the at least one of the plurality of BRSs. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
utilizing the report to configure channel control information; and transmitting the channel control information to the UE. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein utilizing the report further comprises:
selecting one or more transmission beam candidates at least in part based on the one or more results in the report; and configuring channel control information to include an antenna identifier of a directional antenna panel or an antenna port associated with the transmission beam candidates. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein utilizing the report further comprises:
selecting one or more transmission beam candidates at least in part based on the measurement in the report; and determining one or more transmission antenna panels for transmission between the base station and the UE at least in part based on a determination of whether the UE uses one or more directional antenna panels to receive the plurality of BRSs on the transmission beam candidates. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the-channel control information is associated with a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) and/or an enhanced physical control channel (EPDCCH). 21. The method of claim 16, wherein the measurement is a receiving power or a receiving quality of the at least one of the plurality of BRSs. | 3,600 |
349,443 | 16,806,979 | 3,678 | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) and a base station may communicate in an unlicensed spectrum (e.g., a shared radio frequency spectrum band). As such, the UE may determine a codebook size for transmitting hybrid access request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) feedback with respect to the unlicensed spectrum. Accordingly, the UE may base the HARQ ACK codebook size on a number of HARQ processes with which the UE has been configured. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may base the HARQ ACK codebook size on a number and/or duration of downlink channel monitoring occasions indicated by the base station. In some cases, the UE may base the HARQ ACK codebook size on a combination of the techniques described herein. | 1. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, comprising:
receiving, at the UE, a downlink grant scheduling a downlink channel to be received by the UE; identifying, in association with the downlink grant, an acknowledgement (ACK) delay indication, wherein the ACK delay indication indicates a minimum time by which hybrid access request (HARQ) feedback is to be delayed after receiving the downlink channel; receiving, at the UE, the downlink channel; determining whether to transmit HARQ feedback for the downlink channel based at least in part on a value of the ACK delay indication; and transmitting the HARQ feedback based at least in part on the determining. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether to transmit HARQ feedback for the downlink channel comprises:
determining to not transmit the HARQ feedback for the downlink channel based at least in part on the ACK delay indication; and refraining from transmitting the HARQ feedback based at least in part on the determining to not transmit the HARQ feedback. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a downlink control information message comprising an indication of a HARQ trigger event for transmitting the HARQ feedback and a location for the HARQ feedback, wherein the HARQ trigger event is jointly coded with the ACK delay indication. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the value of the ACK delay indication is indicative of an absence of a HARQ trigger event. 5. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, comprising:
receiving, in a downlink control information message, a channel indication for a number of channels to be included in determining a hybrid access request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) codebook size; and determining the HARQ ACK codebook size based at least in part on the number of channels indicated by the channel indication; and transmitting HARQ feedback in accordance with the HARQ ACK codebook size. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein receiving the channel indication comprises:
receiving the channel indication embedded in a downlink grant, included in a trigger downlink control information, included in a layer 1 (L1) channel, or included in a preamble; and transmitting the HARQ feedback based at least in part on the downlink grant, the trigger downlink control information, the L1 channel, or the preamble in which the channel indication is embedded. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the HARQ feedback comprises a number of HARQ ACK bits based at least in part on HARQ processes for the number of channels indicated by the channel indication. 8. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, comprising:
identifying at least one downlink channel monitoring occasion; receiving, at the UE, a feedback trigger for transmission of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback; determining a HARQ acknowledgement (ACK) codebook size based at least in part on a number of configured HARQ processes, on the downlink channel monitoring occasions, or a combination thereof, wherein each configured HARQ process comprises a corresponding number of code block group or transport block level ACK bits based at least in part on the configuration of the configured HARQ process; and transmitting the HARQ feedback in accordance with the HARQ ACK codebook size. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
populating the HARQ feedback based at least in part on the ACK delay indication and receipt of the downlink channel. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein populating the HARQ feedback comprises:
populating the HARQ feedback using decoding results when an ACK ready time for the downlink channel is less than an ACK transmission time, wherein the ACK ready time is a function of the ACK transmission time. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein populating the HARQ feedback comprises:
populating the HARQ feedback based at least in part on determining that a downlink channel monitoring occasion occurs before the ACK ready time. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein populating the HARQ feedback comprises:
populating the HARQ feedback using default values when an ACK ready time for the downlink channel is greater than an ACK transmission time. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein populating the HARQ feedback with default values comprises:
populating the HARQ feedback using an ACK value, a negative ACK (NACK) value, or a previous ACK/NACK value. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
identifying a duration for the HARQ feedback to be reported; identifying a subset of downlink channel monitoring occasions within the duration for the HARQ feedback to be reported; and determining the HARQ ACK codebook size based at least in part on the number of downlink channel monitoring occasions in the subset. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein a control message received in downlink control information indicates whether the subset of downlink channel monitoring occasions comprises an ACK transmission time, whether the subset comprises different channel monitoring occasions, or a combination thereof. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the ACK transmission time comprises a sum of data transmission time and an ACK delay value, the ACK delay value conveyed in a downlink grant corresponding to the current ACK transmission. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the message comprises an explicit indication received in downlink control information. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the message comprises an implicit indication based at least in part on comparing a HARQ feedback parameter conveyed in downlink control information with a parameter conveyed in radio resource control. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the duration of the downlink channel monitoring occasion is based at least in part on:
receiving, during a transmission opportunity (TxOp) in which a downlink channel monitoring occasion is to occur but before the downlink channel monitoring occasion occurs, information from which the UE is able to determine the duration of the downlink channel monitoring occasion. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein determining the HARQ ACK codebook size comprises:
receiving, in downlink control information, an indication of the number of downlink channel monitoring occasions to include in determining the HARQ ACK codebook size. 21. The method of claim 14, wherein determining the HARQ ACK codebook size comprises:
receiving, in downlink control information, an indication of a set of downlink channel monitoring occasions to include in determining the HARQ ACK codebook size, wherein the set is one of a plurality of predefined sets of downlink channel monitoring occasions. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
receiving the plurality of predefined sets of downlink channel monitoring occasions via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. 23. The method of claim 14, wherein the HARQ ACK codebook size encompasses a number of transmission time intervals (TTIs), wherein at least some of the number of TTIs are non-contiguous. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the number of TTIs encompassed by the HARQ ACK codebook size spans two different transmission opportunities (TxOps). 25. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
determining the HARQ ACK codebook size based at least in part on the duration of the downlink channel monitoring occasion for a first set of HARQ feedback instances of the HARQ feedback; and determining the HARQ ACK codebook size based at least in part on a number of configured HARQ processes for a second set of HARQ feedback instances of the HARQ feedback. 26. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
receiving a feedback trigger that indicates whether the HARQ ACK codebook size determination is to be based on the duration of the at least one downlink channel monitoring occasion or on the number of configured HARQ processes. 27. The method of claim 14, wherein the number of downlink channel monitoring occasions are identified based at least in part on a time location of the HARQ feedback. 28. The method of claim 14, wherein receiving the feedback trigger comprises:
receiving a trigger for HARQ feedback in DCI for all of the configured HARQ processes or a subset of the configured HARQ processes for the UE via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the subset of the configured HARQ processes comprises a bitmap indication with each bit in the bitmap corresponding to one HARQ process or a group of HARQ processes. 30. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, comprising:
a processor; memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive, at the UE, a downlink grant scheduling a downlink channel to be received by the UE;
identify, in association with the downlink grant, an acknowledgement (ACK) delay indication, wherein the ACK delay indication indicates a minimum time by which hybrid access request (HARQ) feedback is to be delayed after receiving the downlink data channel;
receiving, at the UE, the downlink data channel;
determine whether to transmit HARQ feedback for the downlink channel based at least in part on a value of the ACK delay indication; and
transmitting the HARQ feedback based at least in part on the determination. | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) and a base station may communicate in an unlicensed spectrum (e.g., a shared radio frequency spectrum band). As such, the UE may determine a codebook size for transmitting hybrid access request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) feedback with respect to the unlicensed spectrum. Accordingly, the UE may base the HARQ ACK codebook size on a number of HARQ processes with which the UE has been configured. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may base the HARQ ACK codebook size on a number and/or duration of downlink channel monitoring occasions indicated by the base station. In some cases, the UE may base the HARQ ACK codebook size on a combination of the techniques described herein.1. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, comprising:
receiving, at the UE, a downlink grant scheduling a downlink channel to be received by the UE; identifying, in association with the downlink grant, an acknowledgement (ACK) delay indication, wherein the ACK delay indication indicates a minimum time by which hybrid access request (HARQ) feedback is to be delayed after receiving the downlink channel; receiving, at the UE, the downlink channel; determining whether to transmit HARQ feedback for the downlink channel based at least in part on a value of the ACK delay indication; and transmitting the HARQ feedback based at least in part on the determining. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether to transmit HARQ feedback for the downlink channel comprises:
determining to not transmit the HARQ feedback for the downlink channel based at least in part on the ACK delay indication; and refraining from transmitting the HARQ feedback based at least in part on the determining to not transmit the HARQ feedback. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a downlink control information message comprising an indication of a HARQ trigger event for transmitting the HARQ feedback and a location for the HARQ feedback, wherein the HARQ trigger event is jointly coded with the ACK delay indication. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the value of the ACK delay indication is indicative of an absence of a HARQ trigger event. 5. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, comprising:
receiving, in a downlink control information message, a channel indication for a number of channels to be included in determining a hybrid access request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) codebook size; and determining the HARQ ACK codebook size based at least in part on the number of channels indicated by the channel indication; and transmitting HARQ feedback in accordance with the HARQ ACK codebook size. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein receiving the channel indication comprises:
receiving the channel indication embedded in a downlink grant, included in a trigger downlink control information, included in a layer 1 (L1) channel, or included in a preamble; and transmitting the HARQ feedback based at least in part on the downlink grant, the trigger downlink control information, the L1 channel, or the preamble in which the channel indication is embedded. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the HARQ feedback comprises a number of HARQ ACK bits based at least in part on HARQ processes for the number of channels indicated by the channel indication. 8. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, comprising:
identifying at least one downlink channel monitoring occasion; receiving, at the UE, a feedback trigger for transmission of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback; determining a HARQ acknowledgement (ACK) codebook size based at least in part on a number of configured HARQ processes, on the downlink channel monitoring occasions, or a combination thereof, wherein each configured HARQ process comprises a corresponding number of code block group or transport block level ACK bits based at least in part on the configuration of the configured HARQ process; and transmitting the HARQ feedback in accordance with the HARQ ACK codebook size. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
populating the HARQ feedback based at least in part on the ACK delay indication and receipt of the downlink channel. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein populating the HARQ feedback comprises:
populating the HARQ feedback using decoding results when an ACK ready time for the downlink channel is less than an ACK transmission time, wherein the ACK ready time is a function of the ACK transmission time. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein populating the HARQ feedback comprises:
populating the HARQ feedback based at least in part on determining that a downlink channel monitoring occasion occurs before the ACK ready time. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein populating the HARQ feedback comprises:
populating the HARQ feedback using default values when an ACK ready time for the downlink channel is greater than an ACK transmission time. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein populating the HARQ feedback with default values comprises:
populating the HARQ feedback using an ACK value, a negative ACK (NACK) value, or a previous ACK/NACK value. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
identifying a duration for the HARQ feedback to be reported; identifying a subset of downlink channel monitoring occasions within the duration for the HARQ feedback to be reported; and determining the HARQ ACK codebook size based at least in part on the number of downlink channel monitoring occasions in the subset. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein a control message received in downlink control information indicates whether the subset of downlink channel monitoring occasions comprises an ACK transmission time, whether the subset comprises different channel monitoring occasions, or a combination thereof. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the ACK transmission time comprises a sum of data transmission time and an ACK delay value, the ACK delay value conveyed in a downlink grant corresponding to the current ACK transmission. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the message comprises an explicit indication received in downlink control information. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the message comprises an implicit indication based at least in part on comparing a HARQ feedback parameter conveyed in downlink control information with a parameter conveyed in radio resource control. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the duration of the downlink channel monitoring occasion is based at least in part on:
receiving, during a transmission opportunity (TxOp) in which a downlink channel monitoring occasion is to occur but before the downlink channel monitoring occasion occurs, information from which the UE is able to determine the duration of the downlink channel monitoring occasion. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein determining the HARQ ACK codebook size comprises:
receiving, in downlink control information, an indication of the number of downlink channel monitoring occasions to include in determining the HARQ ACK codebook size. 21. The method of claim 14, wherein determining the HARQ ACK codebook size comprises:
receiving, in downlink control information, an indication of a set of downlink channel monitoring occasions to include in determining the HARQ ACK codebook size, wherein the set is one of a plurality of predefined sets of downlink channel monitoring occasions. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
receiving the plurality of predefined sets of downlink channel monitoring occasions via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. 23. The method of claim 14, wherein the HARQ ACK codebook size encompasses a number of transmission time intervals (TTIs), wherein at least some of the number of TTIs are non-contiguous. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the number of TTIs encompassed by the HARQ ACK codebook size spans two different transmission opportunities (TxOps). 25. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
determining the HARQ ACK codebook size based at least in part on the duration of the downlink channel monitoring occasion for a first set of HARQ feedback instances of the HARQ feedback; and determining the HARQ ACK codebook size based at least in part on a number of configured HARQ processes for a second set of HARQ feedback instances of the HARQ feedback. 26. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
receiving a feedback trigger that indicates whether the HARQ ACK codebook size determination is to be based on the duration of the at least one downlink channel monitoring occasion or on the number of configured HARQ processes. 27. The method of claim 14, wherein the number of downlink channel monitoring occasions are identified based at least in part on a time location of the HARQ feedback. 28. The method of claim 14, wherein receiving the feedback trigger comprises:
receiving a trigger for HARQ feedback in DCI for all of the configured HARQ processes or a subset of the configured HARQ processes for the UE via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the subset of the configured HARQ processes comprises a bitmap indication with each bit in the bitmap corresponding to one HARQ process or a group of HARQ processes. 30. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, comprising:
a processor; memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive, at the UE, a downlink grant scheduling a downlink channel to be received by the UE;
identify, in association with the downlink grant, an acknowledgement (ACK) delay indication, wherein the ACK delay indication indicates a minimum time by which hybrid access request (HARQ) feedback is to be delayed after receiving the downlink data channel;
receiving, at the UE, the downlink data channel;
determine whether to transmit HARQ feedback for the downlink channel based at least in part on a value of the ACK delay indication; and
transmitting the HARQ feedback based at least in part on the determination. | 3,600 |
349,444 | 16,807,045 | 2,425 | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) and a base station may communicate in an unlicensed spectrum (e.g., a shared radio frequency spectrum band). As such, the UE may determine a codebook size for transmitting hybrid access request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) feedback with respect to the unlicensed spectrum. Accordingly, the UE may base the HARQ ACK codebook size on a number of HARQ processes with which the UE has been configured. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may base the HARQ ACK codebook size on a number and/or duration of downlink channel monitoring occasions indicated by the base station. In some cases, the UE may base the HARQ ACK codebook size on a combination of the techniques described herein. | 1. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, comprising:
receiving, at the UE, a downlink grant scheduling a downlink channel to be received by the UE; identifying, in association with the downlink grant, an acknowledgement (ACK) delay indication, wherein the ACK delay indication indicates a minimum time by which hybrid access request (HARQ) feedback is to be delayed after receiving the downlink channel; receiving, at the UE, the downlink channel; determining whether to transmit HARQ feedback for the downlink channel based at least in part on a value of the ACK delay indication; and transmitting the HARQ feedback based at least in part on the determining. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether to transmit HARQ feedback for the downlink channel comprises:
determining to not transmit the HARQ feedback for the downlink channel based at least in part on the ACK delay indication; and refraining from transmitting the HARQ feedback based at least in part on the determining to not transmit the HARQ feedback. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a downlink control information message comprising an indication of a HARQ trigger event for transmitting the HARQ feedback and a location for the HARQ feedback, wherein the HARQ trigger event is jointly coded with the ACK delay indication. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the value of the ACK delay indication is indicative of an absence of a HARQ trigger event. 5. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, comprising:
receiving, in a downlink control information message, a channel indication for a number of channels to be included in determining a hybrid access request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) codebook size; and determining the HARQ ACK codebook size based at least in part on the number of channels indicated by the channel indication; and transmitting HARQ feedback in accordance with the HARQ ACK codebook size. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein receiving the channel indication comprises:
receiving the channel indication embedded in a downlink grant, included in a trigger downlink control information, included in a layer 1 (L1) channel, or included in a preamble; and transmitting the HARQ feedback based at least in part on the downlink grant, the trigger downlink control information, the L1 channel, or the preamble in which the channel indication is embedded. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the HARQ feedback comprises a number of HARQ ACK bits based at least in part on HARQ processes for the number of channels indicated by the channel indication. 8. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, comprising:
identifying at least one downlink channel monitoring occasion; receiving, at the UE, a feedback trigger for transmission of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback; determining a HARQ acknowledgement (ACK) codebook size based at least in part on a number of configured HARQ processes, on the downlink channel monitoring occasions, or a combination thereof, wherein each configured HARQ process comprises a corresponding number of code block group or transport block level ACK bits based at least in part on the configuration of the configured HARQ process; and transmitting the HARQ feedback in accordance with the HARQ ACK codebook size. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
populating the HARQ feedback based at least in part on the ACK delay indication and receipt of the downlink channel. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein populating the HARQ feedback comprises:
populating the HARQ feedback using decoding results when an ACK ready time for the downlink channel is less than an ACK transmission time, wherein the ACK ready time is a function of the ACK transmission time. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein populating the HARQ feedback comprises:
populating the HARQ feedback based at least in part on determining that a downlink channel monitoring occasion occurs before the ACK ready time. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein populating the HARQ feedback comprises:
populating the HARQ feedback using default values when an ACK ready time for the downlink channel is greater than an ACK transmission time. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein populating the HARQ feedback with default values comprises:
populating the HARQ feedback using an ACK value, a negative ACK (NACK) value, or a previous ACK/NACK value. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
identifying a duration for the HARQ feedback to be reported; identifying a subset of downlink channel monitoring occasions within the duration for the HARQ feedback to be reported; and determining the HARQ ACK codebook size based at least in part on the number of downlink channel monitoring occasions in the subset. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein a control message received in downlink control information indicates whether the subset of downlink channel monitoring occasions comprises an ACK transmission time, whether the subset comprises different channel monitoring occasions, or a combination thereof. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the ACK transmission time comprises a sum of data transmission time and an ACK delay value, the ACK delay value conveyed in a downlink grant corresponding to the current ACK transmission. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the message comprises an explicit indication received in downlink control information. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the message comprises an implicit indication based at least in part on comparing a HARQ feedback parameter conveyed in downlink control information with a parameter conveyed in radio resource control. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the duration of the downlink channel monitoring occasion is based at least in part on:
receiving, during a transmission opportunity (TxOp) in which a downlink channel monitoring occasion is to occur but before the downlink channel monitoring occasion occurs, information from which the UE is able to determine the duration of the downlink channel monitoring occasion. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein determining the HARQ ACK codebook size comprises:
receiving, in downlink control information, an indication of the number of downlink channel monitoring occasions to include in determining the HARQ ACK codebook size. 21. The method of claim 14, wherein determining the HARQ ACK codebook size comprises:
receiving, in downlink control information, an indication of a set of downlink channel monitoring occasions to include in determining the HARQ ACK codebook size, wherein the set is one of a plurality of predefined sets of downlink channel monitoring occasions. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
receiving the plurality of predefined sets of downlink channel monitoring occasions via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. 23. The method of claim 14, wherein the HARQ ACK codebook size encompasses a number of transmission time intervals (TTIs), wherein at least some of the number of TTIs are non-contiguous. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the number of TTIs encompassed by the HARQ ACK codebook size spans two different transmission opportunities (TxOps). 25. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
determining the HARQ ACK codebook size based at least in part on the duration of the downlink channel monitoring occasion for a first set of HARQ feedback instances of the HARQ feedback; and determining the HARQ ACK codebook size based at least in part on a number of configured HARQ processes for a second set of HARQ feedback instances of the HARQ feedback. 26. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
receiving a feedback trigger that indicates whether the HARQ ACK codebook size determination is to be based on the duration of the at least one downlink channel monitoring occasion or on the number of configured HARQ processes. 27. The method of claim 14, wherein the number of downlink channel monitoring occasions are identified based at least in part on a time location of the HARQ feedback. 28. The method of claim 14, wherein receiving the feedback trigger comprises:
receiving a trigger for HARQ feedback in DCI for all of the configured HARQ processes or a subset of the configured HARQ processes for the UE via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the subset of the configured HARQ processes comprises a bitmap indication with each bit in the bitmap corresponding to one HARQ process or a group of HARQ processes. 30. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, comprising:
a processor; memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive, at the UE, a downlink grant scheduling a downlink channel to be received by the UE;
identify, in association with the downlink grant, an acknowledgement (ACK) delay indication, wherein the ACK delay indication indicates a minimum time by which hybrid access request (HARQ) feedback is to be delayed after receiving the downlink data channel;
receiving, at the UE, the downlink data channel;
determine whether to transmit HARQ feedback for the downlink channel based at least in part on a value of the ACK delay indication; and
transmitting the HARQ feedback based at least in part on the determination. | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) and a base station may communicate in an unlicensed spectrum (e.g., a shared radio frequency spectrum band). As such, the UE may determine a codebook size for transmitting hybrid access request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) feedback with respect to the unlicensed spectrum. Accordingly, the UE may base the HARQ ACK codebook size on a number of HARQ processes with which the UE has been configured. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may base the HARQ ACK codebook size on a number and/or duration of downlink channel monitoring occasions indicated by the base station. In some cases, the UE may base the HARQ ACK codebook size on a combination of the techniques described herein.1. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, comprising:
receiving, at the UE, a downlink grant scheduling a downlink channel to be received by the UE; identifying, in association with the downlink grant, an acknowledgement (ACK) delay indication, wherein the ACK delay indication indicates a minimum time by which hybrid access request (HARQ) feedback is to be delayed after receiving the downlink channel; receiving, at the UE, the downlink channel; determining whether to transmit HARQ feedback for the downlink channel based at least in part on a value of the ACK delay indication; and transmitting the HARQ feedback based at least in part on the determining. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether to transmit HARQ feedback for the downlink channel comprises:
determining to not transmit the HARQ feedback for the downlink channel based at least in part on the ACK delay indication; and refraining from transmitting the HARQ feedback based at least in part on the determining to not transmit the HARQ feedback. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a downlink control information message comprising an indication of a HARQ trigger event for transmitting the HARQ feedback and a location for the HARQ feedback, wherein the HARQ trigger event is jointly coded with the ACK delay indication. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the value of the ACK delay indication is indicative of an absence of a HARQ trigger event. 5. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, comprising:
receiving, in a downlink control information message, a channel indication for a number of channels to be included in determining a hybrid access request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) codebook size; and determining the HARQ ACK codebook size based at least in part on the number of channels indicated by the channel indication; and transmitting HARQ feedback in accordance with the HARQ ACK codebook size. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein receiving the channel indication comprises:
receiving the channel indication embedded in a downlink grant, included in a trigger downlink control information, included in a layer 1 (L1) channel, or included in a preamble; and transmitting the HARQ feedback based at least in part on the downlink grant, the trigger downlink control information, the L1 channel, or the preamble in which the channel indication is embedded. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the HARQ feedback comprises a number of HARQ ACK bits based at least in part on HARQ processes for the number of channels indicated by the channel indication. 8. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, comprising:
identifying at least one downlink channel monitoring occasion; receiving, at the UE, a feedback trigger for transmission of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback; determining a HARQ acknowledgement (ACK) codebook size based at least in part on a number of configured HARQ processes, on the downlink channel monitoring occasions, or a combination thereof, wherein each configured HARQ process comprises a corresponding number of code block group or transport block level ACK bits based at least in part on the configuration of the configured HARQ process; and transmitting the HARQ feedback in accordance with the HARQ ACK codebook size. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
populating the HARQ feedback based at least in part on the ACK delay indication and receipt of the downlink channel. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein populating the HARQ feedback comprises:
populating the HARQ feedback using decoding results when an ACK ready time for the downlink channel is less than an ACK transmission time, wherein the ACK ready time is a function of the ACK transmission time. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein populating the HARQ feedback comprises:
populating the HARQ feedback based at least in part on determining that a downlink channel monitoring occasion occurs before the ACK ready time. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein populating the HARQ feedback comprises:
populating the HARQ feedback using default values when an ACK ready time for the downlink channel is greater than an ACK transmission time. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein populating the HARQ feedback with default values comprises:
populating the HARQ feedback using an ACK value, a negative ACK (NACK) value, or a previous ACK/NACK value. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
identifying a duration for the HARQ feedback to be reported; identifying a subset of downlink channel monitoring occasions within the duration for the HARQ feedback to be reported; and determining the HARQ ACK codebook size based at least in part on the number of downlink channel monitoring occasions in the subset. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein a control message received in downlink control information indicates whether the subset of downlink channel monitoring occasions comprises an ACK transmission time, whether the subset comprises different channel monitoring occasions, or a combination thereof. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the ACK transmission time comprises a sum of data transmission time and an ACK delay value, the ACK delay value conveyed in a downlink grant corresponding to the current ACK transmission. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the message comprises an explicit indication received in downlink control information. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the message comprises an implicit indication based at least in part on comparing a HARQ feedback parameter conveyed in downlink control information with a parameter conveyed in radio resource control. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the duration of the downlink channel monitoring occasion is based at least in part on:
receiving, during a transmission opportunity (TxOp) in which a downlink channel monitoring occasion is to occur but before the downlink channel monitoring occasion occurs, information from which the UE is able to determine the duration of the downlink channel monitoring occasion. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein determining the HARQ ACK codebook size comprises:
receiving, in downlink control information, an indication of the number of downlink channel monitoring occasions to include in determining the HARQ ACK codebook size. 21. The method of claim 14, wherein determining the HARQ ACK codebook size comprises:
receiving, in downlink control information, an indication of a set of downlink channel monitoring occasions to include in determining the HARQ ACK codebook size, wherein the set is one of a plurality of predefined sets of downlink channel monitoring occasions. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
receiving the plurality of predefined sets of downlink channel monitoring occasions via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. 23. The method of claim 14, wherein the HARQ ACK codebook size encompasses a number of transmission time intervals (TTIs), wherein at least some of the number of TTIs are non-contiguous. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the number of TTIs encompassed by the HARQ ACK codebook size spans two different transmission opportunities (TxOps). 25. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
determining the HARQ ACK codebook size based at least in part on the duration of the downlink channel monitoring occasion for a first set of HARQ feedback instances of the HARQ feedback; and determining the HARQ ACK codebook size based at least in part on a number of configured HARQ processes for a second set of HARQ feedback instances of the HARQ feedback. 26. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
receiving a feedback trigger that indicates whether the HARQ ACK codebook size determination is to be based on the duration of the at least one downlink channel monitoring occasion or on the number of configured HARQ processes. 27. The method of claim 14, wherein the number of downlink channel monitoring occasions are identified based at least in part on a time location of the HARQ feedback. 28. The method of claim 14, wherein receiving the feedback trigger comprises:
receiving a trigger for HARQ feedback in DCI for all of the configured HARQ processes or a subset of the configured HARQ processes for the UE via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the subset of the configured HARQ processes comprises a bitmap indication with each bit in the bitmap corresponding to one HARQ process or a group of HARQ processes. 30. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, comprising:
a processor; memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive, at the UE, a downlink grant scheduling a downlink channel to be received by the UE;
identify, in association with the downlink grant, an acknowledgement (ACK) delay indication, wherein the ACK delay indication indicates a minimum time by which hybrid access request (HARQ) feedback is to be delayed after receiving the downlink data channel;
receiving, at the UE, the downlink data channel;
determine whether to transmit HARQ feedback for the downlink channel based at least in part on a value of the ACK delay indication; and
transmitting the HARQ feedback based at least in part on the determination. | 2,400 |
349,445 | 16,807,056 | 2,112 | A memory sub-system configured to dynamically select an option to process encoded data retrieved from memory cells of a memory component, based on a prediction generated using signal and noise characteristics of memory cells storing the encoded data. For example, the memory component is enclosed in an integrated circuit and has a calibration circuit. The signal and noise characteristics are measured by the calibration circuit as a byproduct of executing a read command in the memory component to retrieve the encoded data. A data integrity classifier configured in the memory sub-system generates a prediction based on the signal and noise characteristics. Based on the prediction, the memory sub-system selects an option from a plurality of options configured in the memory sub-system to process the encoded data. | 1. A memory sub-system, comprising:
a processing device; and at least one memory component, the memory component being enclosed in an integrated circuit package, the memory component having:
a group of memory cells formed on an integrated circuit die; and
a calibration circuit;
wherein the processing device is configured to transmit a command to the memory component to retrieve data from an address; wherein in response to the command and during execution of the command, the calibration circuit is configured to measure signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells associated with encoded data retrieved from the group of memory cells; wherein the memory sub-system has a data integrity classifier and a plurality of options available to process the encoded data; wherein the data integrity classifier is configured to generate a prediction based on the signal and noise characteristics; and wherein the memory sub-system is configured to select an option from the plurality of options based on the prediction and decode the encoded data using the selected option. 2. The memory sub-system of claim 1, wherein the calibration circuit is formed at least in part on the integrated circuit die. 3. The memory sub-system of claim 2, wherein the signal and noise characteristics include statistic data of memory cells at varying operating parameters. 4. The memory sub-system of claim 3, wherein the varying operating parameters include different voltages applied to read memory cells in the group. 5. The memory sub-system of claim 4, wherein the statistical data includes counts of memory cells in the group having a predetermined state when the different voltages are applied on the group of memory cells. 6. The memory sub-system of claim 4, wherein the statistical data includes count differences, each being a difference between:
a first count of memory cells in the group having a predetermined state when a first read voltage is applied on the group of memory cells; and a second count of memory cells in the group having the predetermined state when a second read voltage is applied on the group of memory cells. 7. The memory sub-system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of options include a first decoder and a second decoder that consumes more energy than the first decoder in operation. 8. The memory sub-system of claim 7, wherein the second decoder uses both hard bit data determined from the group of memory cells at read voltages and soft bit data determined from the group of memory cells at voltages having predetermined offsets from the read voltages; and the first decoder uses the hard bit data without the soft bit data. 9. The memory sub-system of claim 8, wherein the calibration circuit is configured compute the read voltages for determination of the hard bit data based on the signal and noise characteristics. 10. The memory sub-system of claim 8, wherein the data integrity classifier is implemented in the memory component; and the soft bit data is determined based on the prediction generated by the data integrity classifier. 11. The memory sub-system of claim 8, wherein the data integrity classifier is implemented via the processing device; and the memory sub-system is configured to instruct the memory component to perform a read-retry when the prediction indicates a failure of decoders available in the memory sub-system in decoding the encoded data. 12. The memory sub-system of claim 8, wherein the data integrity classifier is implemented via the processing device; and the memory sub-system is configured to instruct the memory component to provide the soft bit data when the prediction indicates the second decoder is to be used to decode the encoded data. 13. A method, comprising:
transmitting, by a processing device in a memory sub-system, a command to a memory component of the memory sub-system to retrieve encoded data from an address; measuring, in response to the command and during execution of the command in the memory component, signal and noise characteristics of a group of memory cells formed on an integrated circuit die using a calibration circuit of the memory component enclosed in an integrated circuit package; generating, by a data integrity classifier configured in the memory sub-system, a prediction based on the signal and noise characteristics; selecting, by the memory sub-system based on the prediction, an option from the plurality of options; and decoding the encoded data using the selected option. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the signal and noise characteristics include statistics of memory cells in the group read at different levels of voltage. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the plurality of options include decoders taking different inputs, using different amounts of power in decoding, and having different latency in decoding. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the prediction is based on machine learning to identify the option. 17. A non-transitory computer storage medium storing instructions which, when executed by a computing system, cause the computing system to perform a method, the method comprising:
transmitting, by a processing device in a memory sub-system, a command to a memory component of the memory sub-system to retrieve encoded data from an address, wherein in response to the command and during execution of the command, a calibration circuit of the memory component measures signal and noise characteristics of a group of memory cells formed on an integrated circuit die; receiving, from the memory component as a response to the command, the signal and noise characteristics; generating, by a data integrity classifier configured in the memory sub-system, a prediction based on the signal and noise characteristics; and selecting, by the memory sub-system based on the prediction, an option from the plurality of options for processing of the encoded data retrieved from the group of memory cells. 18. The non-transitory computer storage medium of claim 17, wherein the plurality of options include decoding the encoded data using different decoders and instructing the memory component to retry read at the address without decoding the encoded data. 19. The non-transitory computer storage medium of claim 18, wherein the prediction includes a confidence level of the prediction. 20. The non-transitory computer storage medium of claim 19, wherein the decoding is performed using an error correction code, or a low-density parity-check code. | A memory sub-system configured to dynamically select an option to process encoded data retrieved from memory cells of a memory component, based on a prediction generated using signal and noise characteristics of memory cells storing the encoded data. For example, the memory component is enclosed in an integrated circuit and has a calibration circuit. The signal and noise characteristics are measured by the calibration circuit as a byproduct of executing a read command in the memory component to retrieve the encoded data. A data integrity classifier configured in the memory sub-system generates a prediction based on the signal and noise characteristics. Based on the prediction, the memory sub-system selects an option from a plurality of options configured in the memory sub-system to process the encoded data.1. A memory sub-system, comprising:
a processing device; and at least one memory component, the memory component being enclosed in an integrated circuit package, the memory component having:
a group of memory cells formed on an integrated circuit die; and
a calibration circuit;
wherein the processing device is configured to transmit a command to the memory component to retrieve data from an address; wherein in response to the command and during execution of the command, the calibration circuit is configured to measure signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells associated with encoded data retrieved from the group of memory cells; wherein the memory sub-system has a data integrity classifier and a plurality of options available to process the encoded data; wherein the data integrity classifier is configured to generate a prediction based on the signal and noise characteristics; and wherein the memory sub-system is configured to select an option from the plurality of options based on the prediction and decode the encoded data using the selected option. 2. The memory sub-system of claim 1, wherein the calibration circuit is formed at least in part on the integrated circuit die. 3. The memory sub-system of claim 2, wherein the signal and noise characteristics include statistic data of memory cells at varying operating parameters. 4. The memory sub-system of claim 3, wherein the varying operating parameters include different voltages applied to read memory cells in the group. 5. The memory sub-system of claim 4, wherein the statistical data includes counts of memory cells in the group having a predetermined state when the different voltages are applied on the group of memory cells. 6. The memory sub-system of claim 4, wherein the statistical data includes count differences, each being a difference between:
a first count of memory cells in the group having a predetermined state when a first read voltage is applied on the group of memory cells; and a second count of memory cells in the group having the predetermined state when a second read voltage is applied on the group of memory cells. 7. The memory sub-system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of options include a first decoder and a second decoder that consumes more energy than the first decoder in operation. 8. The memory sub-system of claim 7, wherein the second decoder uses both hard bit data determined from the group of memory cells at read voltages and soft bit data determined from the group of memory cells at voltages having predetermined offsets from the read voltages; and the first decoder uses the hard bit data without the soft bit data. 9. The memory sub-system of claim 8, wherein the calibration circuit is configured compute the read voltages for determination of the hard bit data based on the signal and noise characteristics. 10. The memory sub-system of claim 8, wherein the data integrity classifier is implemented in the memory component; and the soft bit data is determined based on the prediction generated by the data integrity classifier. 11. The memory sub-system of claim 8, wherein the data integrity classifier is implemented via the processing device; and the memory sub-system is configured to instruct the memory component to perform a read-retry when the prediction indicates a failure of decoders available in the memory sub-system in decoding the encoded data. 12. The memory sub-system of claim 8, wherein the data integrity classifier is implemented via the processing device; and the memory sub-system is configured to instruct the memory component to provide the soft bit data when the prediction indicates the second decoder is to be used to decode the encoded data. 13. A method, comprising:
transmitting, by a processing device in a memory sub-system, a command to a memory component of the memory sub-system to retrieve encoded data from an address; measuring, in response to the command and during execution of the command in the memory component, signal and noise characteristics of a group of memory cells formed on an integrated circuit die using a calibration circuit of the memory component enclosed in an integrated circuit package; generating, by a data integrity classifier configured in the memory sub-system, a prediction based on the signal and noise characteristics; selecting, by the memory sub-system based on the prediction, an option from the plurality of options; and decoding the encoded data using the selected option. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the signal and noise characteristics include statistics of memory cells in the group read at different levels of voltage. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the plurality of options include decoders taking different inputs, using different amounts of power in decoding, and having different latency in decoding. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the prediction is based on machine learning to identify the option. 17. A non-transitory computer storage medium storing instructions which, when executed by a computing system, cause the computing system to perform a method, the method comprising:
transmitting, by a processing device in a memory sub-system, a command to a memory component of the memory sub-system to retrieve encoded data from an address, wherein in response to the command and during execution of the command, a calibration circuit of the memory component measures signal and noise characteristics of a group of memory cells formed on an integrated circuit die; receiving, from the memory component as a response to the command, the signal and noise characteristics; generating, by a data integrity classifier configured in the memory sub-system, a prediction based on the signal and noise characteristics; and selecting, by the memory sub-system based on the prediction, an option from the plurality of options for processing of the encoded data retrieved from the group of memory cells. 18. The non-transitory computer storage medium of claim 17, wherein the plurality of options include decoding the encoded data using different decoders and instructing the memory component to retry read at the address without decoding the encoded data. 19. The non-transitory computer storage medium of claim 18, wherein the prediction includes a confidence level of the prediction. 20. The non-transitory computer storage medium of claim 19, wherein the decoding is performed using an error correction code, or a low-density parity-check code. | 2,100 |
349,446 | 16,807,050 | 3,623 | A method for managing plan problems across planning cycles includes accessing a first plan generated in a first planning session of a first planning cycle, identifying one or more first plan problems reflected in the first plan, and storing and persisting plan problem data associated with the one or more first plan problems for access in one or more successive planning cycles. The method includes accessing a second plan generated in a second planning session of a second planning cycle subsequent to the first planning cycle, identifying one or more second plan problems reflected in the second plan, and comparing the one or more first plan problems identified for the first planning cycle with the one or more second plan problems identified for the second planning cycle. The method includes determining whether the second plan problem corresponds to any first plan problem identified for the first planning cycle. | 1. A supply chain planning system, comprising:
a computer system comprising a processor and a memory, the computer system configured to: access over a computer network a first supply chain plan in a first planning session of a first planning cycle and a second supply chain plan in a second planning session of a second planning cycle subsequent to the first planning cycle; compare one or more first plan problems identified in the first planning cycle with one or more second plan problems identified in the second planning cycle to determine whether the second plan problem identified for the second planning cycle corresponds to a first plan problem identified for the first planning cycle; when a second plan problem identified for the second planning cycle is a new plan problem not corresponding to a first plan problem identified for the first planning cycle, store and persist plan problem data associated with the new plan problem for access in one or more successive planning cycles; access the plan problem data associated with the one or more first plan problems identified in the first planning cycle and the plan problem data associated with the new plan problem, wherein plan problem data associated with a plan problem comprises a plan problem record; generate a plan problem display of two or more plan problem records in a table format and display the plan problem display on a graphical user interface, wherein the plan problem display further comprises a first view selection icon to, in response to a user selecting the first view selection icon, cause to be made visible to the user a corresponding root cause display of two or more root cause records associated with the two or more plan problem records in the plan problem display, the root cause display comprising a second view selection icon to, in response to the user selecting the second view selection icon, cause the corresponding plan problem display to be made visible to the user. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is further configured to update plan problem data associated with the corresponding first plan problem only when a change has occurred with respect to the corresponding first plan problem that meets or exceeds a specified threshold. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is further configured to store and persist plan problem data associated with a new plan problem only when the new plan problem meets or exceeds a specified threshold. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein plan problem data reflecting one or more plan problems is accessible from within one or more planning domains and one or more execution domains. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is further configured to:
sort two or more plan problem records based on one or more specified criteria; and generate a display of the sorted plan problem records. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein:
the plan problems comprise planned orders that are late or short; and the computer system is further configured to sort the plan problems based on how late or short the planned orders are. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer system is further configured to mark a plan problem record containing data associated with a plan problem to indicate one or more of:
whether the plan problem is new; whether the plan problem record has been reviewed since the plan problem first occurred; and whether the plan problem record has been reviewed since one or more changes with respect to the plan problem occurred. 8. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
accessing over a computer network a first supply chain plan in a first planning session of a first planning cycle and a second supply chain plan in a second planning session of a second planning cycle subsequent to the first planning cycle; comparing one or more first plan problems identified in the first planning cycle with one or more second plan problems identified in the second planning cycle to determine whether the second plan problem identified for the second planning cycle corresponds to a first plan problem identified for the first planning cycle; when a second plan problem identified for the second planning cycle is a new plan problem not corresponding to a first plan problem identified for the first planning cycle, storing and persisting plan problem data associated with the new plan problem for access in one or more successive planning cycles; accessing the plan problem data associated with the one or more first plan problems identified in the first planning cycle and the plan problem data associated with the new plan problem, wherein plan problem data associated with a plan problem comprises a plan problem record; generating a plan problem display of two or more plan problem records in a table format and displaying the plan problem display on a graphical user interface, wherein the plan problem display further comprises a first view selection icon to, in response to a user selecting the first view selection icon, cause to be made visible to the user a corresponding root cause display of two or more root cause records associated with the two or more plan problem records in the plan problem display, the root cause display comprising a second view selection icon to, in response to the user selecting the second view selection icon, cause the corresponding plan problem display to be made visible to the user. 9. The method of claim 8, comprising updating plan problem data associated with the corresponding first plan problem only when a change has occurred with respect to the corresponding first plan problem that meets or exceeds a specified threshold. 10. The method of claim 8, comprising storing and persisting plan problem data associated with a new plan problem only when the new plan problem meets or exceeds a specified threshold. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein plan problem data reflecting one or more plan problems is accessible from within one or more planning domains and one or more execution domains. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
sorting two or more plan problem records based on one or more specified criteria; and generating a display of the sorted plan problem records. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein:
the plan problems comprise planned orders that are late or short; and the method comprises sorting the plan problems based on how late or short the planned orders are. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising marking a plan problem record containing data associated with a plan problem to indicate one or more of:
whether the plan problem is new; whether the plan problem record has been reviewed since the plan problem first occurred; and whether the plan problem record has been reviewed since one or more changes with respect to the plan problem occurred. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium embodied with software, the software when executed using one or more computer systems is configured to:
access over a computer network a first supply chain plan in a first planning session of a first planning cycle and a second supply chain plan in a second planning session of a second planning cycle subsequent to the first planning cycle; compare one or more first plan problems identified in the first planning cycle with one or more second plan problems identified in the second planning cycle to determine whether the second plan problem identified for the second planning cycle corresponds to a first plan problem identified for the first planning cycle; when a second plan problem identified for the second planning cycle is a new plan problem not corresponding to a first plan problem identified for the first planning cycle, store and persist plan problem data associated with the new plan problem for access in one or more successive planning cycles; access the plan problem data associated with the one or more first plan problems identified in the first planning cycle and the plan problem data associated with the new plan problem, wherein plan problem data associated with a plan problem comprises a plan problem record; generate a plan problem display of two or more plan problem records in a table format and display the plan problem display on a graphical user interface, wherein the plan problem display further comprises a first view selection icon to, in response to a user selecting the first view selection icon, cause to be made visible to the user a corresponding root cause display of two or more root cause records associated with the two or more plan problem records in the plan problem display, the root cause display comprising a second view selection icon to, in response to the user selecting the second view selection icon, cause the corresponding plan problem display to be made visible to the user. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the software is further configured to update plan problem data associated with the corresponding first plan problem only when a change has occurred with respect to the corresponding first plan problem that meets or exceeds a specified threshold. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the software is further configured to store and persist plan problem data associated with a new plan problem only when the new plan problem meets or exceeds a specified threshold. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein plan problem data reflecting one or more plan problems is accessible from within one or more planning domains and one or more execution domains. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the software is further configured to:
sort two or more plan problem records based on one or more specified criteria; and generate a display of the sorted plan problem records for one or more planners. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein:
the plan problems comprise planned orders that are late or short; and the software is further configured sort the plan problems based on how late or short the planned orders are. | A method for managing plan problems across planning cycles includes accessing a first plan generated in a first planning session of a first planning cycle, identifying one or more first plan problems reflected in the first plan, and storing and persisting plan problem data associated with the one or more first plan problems for access in one or more successive planning cycles. The method includes accessing a second plan generated in a second planning session of a second planning cycle subsequent to the first planning cycle, identifying one or more second plan problems reflected in the second plan, and comparing the one or more first plan problems identified for the first planning cycle with the one or more second plan problems identified for the second planning cycle. The method includes determining whether the second plan problem corresponds to any first plan problem identified for the first planning cycle.1. A supply chain planning system, comprising:
a computer system comprising a processor and a memory, the computer system configured to: access over a computer network a first supply chain plan in a first planning session of a first planning cycle and a second supply chain plan in a second planning session of a second planning cycle subsequent to the first planning cycle; compare one or more first plan problems identified in the first planning cycle with one or more second plan problems identified in the second planning cycle to determine whether the second plan problem identified for the second planning cycle corresponds to a first plan problem identified for the first planning cycle; when a second plan problem identified for the second planning cycle is a new plan problem not corresponding to a first plan problem identified for the first planning cycle, store and persist plan problem data associated with the new plan problem for access in one or more successive planning cycles; access the plan problem data associated with the one or more first plan problems identified in the first planning cycle and the plan problem data associated with the new plan problem, wherein plan problem data associated with a plan problem comprises a plan problem record; generate a plan problem display of two or more plan problem records in a table format and display the plan problem display on a graphical user interface, wherein the plan problem display further comprises a first view selection icon to, in response to a user selecting the first view selection icon, cause to be made visible to the user a corresponding root cause display of two or more root cause records associated with the two or more plan problem records in the plan problem display, the root cause display comprising a second view selection icon to, in response to the user selecting the second view selection icon, cause the corresponding plan problem display to be made visible to the user. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is further configured to update plan problem data associated with the corresponding first plan problem only when a change has occurred with respect to the corresponding first plan problem that meets or exceeds a specified threshold. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is further configured to store and persist plan problem data associated with a new plan problem only when the new plan problem meets or exceeds a specified threshold. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein plan problem data reflecting one or more plan problems is accessible from within one or more planning domains and one or more execution domains. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is further configured to:
sort two or more plan problem records based on one or more specified criteria; and generate a display of the sorted plan problem records. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein:
the plan problems comprise planned orders that are late or short; and the computer system is further configured to sort the plan problems based on how late or short the planned orders are. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer system is further configured to mark a plan problem record containing data associated with a plan problem to indicate one or more of:
whether the plan problem is new; whether the plan problem record has been reviewed since the plan problem first occurred; and whether the plan problem record has been reviewed since one or more changes with respect to the plan problem occurred. 8. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
accessing over a computer network a first supply chain plan in a first planning session of a first planning cycle and a second supply chain plan in a second planning session of a second planning cycle subsequent to the first planning cycle; comparing one or more first plan problems identified in the first planning cycle with one or more second plan problems identified in the second planning cycle to determine whether the second plan problem identified for the second planning cycle corresponds to a first plan problem identified for the first planning cycle; when a second plan problem identified for the second planning cycle is a new plan problem not corresponding to a first plan problem identified for the first planning cycle, storing and persisting plan problem data associated with the new plan problem for access in one or more successive planning cycles; accessing the plan problem data associated with the one or more first plan problems identified in the first planning cycle and the plan problem data associated with the new plan problem, wherein plan problem data associated with a plan problem comprises a plan problem record; generating a plan problem display of two or more plan problem records in a table format and displaying the plan problem display on a graphical user interface, wherein the plan problem display further comprises a first view selection icon to, in response to a user selecting the first view selection icon, cause to be made visible to the user a corresponding root cause display of two or more root cause records associated with the two or more plan problem records in the plan problem display, the root cause display comprising a second view selection icon to, in response to the user selecting the second view selection icon, cause the corresponding plan problem display to be made visible to the user. 9. The method of claim 8, comprising updating plan problem data associated with the corresponding first plan problem only when a change has occurred with respect to the corresponding first plan problem that meets or exceeds a specified threshold. 10. The method of claim 8, comprising storing and persisting plan problem data associated with a new plan problem only when the new plan problem meets or exceeds a specified threshold. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein plan problem data reflecting one or more plan problems is accessible from within one or more planning domains and one or more execution domains. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
sorting two or more plan problem records based on one or more specified criteria; and generating a display of the sorted plan problem records. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein:
the plan problems comprise planned orders that are late or short; and the method comprises sorting the plan problems based on how late or short the planned orders are. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising marking a plan problem record containing data associated with a plan problem to indicate one or more of:
whether the plan problem is new; whether the plan problem record has been reviewed since the plan problem first occurred; and whether the plan problem record has been reviewed since one or more changes with respect to the plan problem occurred. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium embodied with software, the software when executed using one or more computer systems is configured to:
access over a computer network a first supply chain plan in a first planning session of a first planning cycle and a second supply chain plan in a second planning session of a second planning cycle subsequent to the first planning cycle; compare one or more first plan problems identified in the first planning cycle with one or more second plan problems identified in the second planning cycle to determine whether the second plan problem identified for the second planning cycle corresponds to a first plan problem identified for the first planning cycle; when a second plan problem identified for the second planning cycle is a new plan problem not corresponding to a first plan problem identified for the first planning cycle, store and persist plan problem data associated with the new plan problem for access in one or more successive planning cycles; access the plan problem data associated with the one or more first plan problems identified in the first planning cycle and the plan problem data associated with the new plan problem, wherein plan problem data associated with a plan problem comprises a plan problem record; generate a plan problem display of two or more plan problem records in a table format and display the plan problem display on a graphical user interface, wherein the plan problem display further comprises a first view selection icon to, in response to a user selecting the first view selection icon, cause to be made visible to the user a corresponding root cause display of two or more root cause records associated with the two or more plan problem records in the plan problem display, the root cause display comprising a second view selection icon to, in response to the user selecting the second view selection icon, cause the corresponding plan problem display to be made visible to the user. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the software is further configured to update plan problem data associated with the corresponding first plan problem only when a change has occurred with respect to the corresponding first plan problem that meets or exceeds a specified threshold. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the software is further configured to store and persist plan problem data associated with a new plan problem only when the new plan problem meets or exceeds a specified threshold. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein plan problem data reflecting one or more plan problems is accessible from within one or more planning domains and one or more execution domains. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the software is further configured to:
sort two or more plan problem records based on one or more specified criteria; and generate a display of the sorted plan problem records for one or more planners. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein:
the plan problems comprise planned orders that are late or short; and the software is further configured sort the plan problems based on how late or short the planned orders are. | 3,600 |
349,447 | 16,807,039 | 3,623 | A method for managing plan problems across planning cycles includes accessing a first plan generated in a first planning session of a first planning cycle, identifying one or more first plan problems reflected in the first plan, and storing and persisting plan problem data associated with the one or more first plan problems for access in one or more successive planning cycles. The method includes accessing a second plan generated in a second planning session of a second planning cycle subsequent to the first planning cycle, identifying one or more second plan problems reflected in the second plan, and comparing the one or more first plan problems identified for the first planning cycle with the one or more second plan problems identified for the second planning cycle. The method includes determining whether the second plan problem corresponds to any first plan problem identified for the first planning cycle. | 1. A supply chain planning system, comprising:
a computer system comprising a processor and a memory, the computer system configured to: access over a computer network a first supply chain plan in a first planning session of a first planning cycle and a second supply chain plan in a second planning session of a second planning cycle subsequent to the first planning cycle; compare one or more first plan problems identified in the first planning cycle with one or more second plan problems identified in the second planning cycle to determine whether the second plan problem identified for the second planning cycle corresponds to a first plan problem identified for the first planning cycle; when a second plan problem identified for the second planning cycle is a new plan problem not corresponding to a first plan problem identified for the first planning cycle, store and persist plan problem data associated with the new plan problem for access in one or more successive planning cycles; access the plan problem data associated with the one or more first plan problems identified in the first planning cycle and the plan problem data associated with the new plan problem, wherein plan problem data associated with a plan problem comprises a plan problem record; generate a plan problem display of two or more plan problem records in a table format and display the plan problem display on a graphical user interface, wherein the plan problem display further comprises a first view selection icon to, in response to a user selecting the first view selection icon, cause to be made visible to the user a corresponding root cause display of two or more root cause records associated with the two or more plan problem records in the plan problem display, the root cause display comprising a second view selection icon to, in response to the user selecting the second view selection icon, cause the corresponding plan problem display to be made visible to the user. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is further configured to update plan problem data associated with the corresponding first plan problem only when a change has occurred with respect to the corresponding first plan problem that meets or exceeds a specified threshold. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is further configured to store and persist plan problem data associated with a new plan problem only when the new plan problem meets or exceeds a specified threshold. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein plan problem data reflecting one or more plan problems is accessible from within one or more planning domains and one or more execution domains. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is further configured to:
sort two or more plan problem records based on one or more specified criteria; and generate a display of the sorted plan problem records. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein:
the plan problems comprise planned orders that are late or short; and the computer system is further configured to sort the plan problems based on how late or short the planned orders are. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer system is further configured to mark a plan problem record containing data associated with a plan problem to indicate one or more of:
whether the plan problem is new; whether the plan problem record has been reviewed since the plan problem first occurred; and whether the plan problem record has been reviewed since one or more changes with respect to the plan problem occurred. 8. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
accessing over a computer network a first supply chain plan in a first planning session of a first planning cycle and a second supply chain plan in a second planning session of a second planning cycle subsequent to the first planning cycle; comparing one or more first plan problems identified in the first planning cycle with one or more second plan problems identified in the second planning cycle to determine whether the second plan problem identified for the second planning cycle corresponds to a first plan problem identified for the first planning cycle; when a second plan problem identified for the second planning cycle is a new plan problem not corresponding to a first plan problem identified for the first planning cycle, storing and persisting plan problem data associated with the new plan problem for access in one or more successive planning cycles; accessing the plan problem data associated with the one or more first plan problems identified in the first planning cycle and the plan problem data associated with the new plan problem, wherein plan problem data associated with a plan problem comprises a plan problem record; generating a plan problem display of two or more plan problem records in a table format and displaying the plan problem display on a graphical user interface, wherein the plan problem display further comprises a first view selection icon to, in response to a user selecting the first view selection icon, cause to be made visible to the user a corresponding root cause display of two or more root cause records associated with the two or more plan problem records in the plan problem display, the root cause display comprising a second view selection icon to, in response to the user selecting the second view selection icon, cause the corresponding plan problem display to be made visible to the user. 9. The method of claim 8, comprising updating plan problem data associated with the corresponding first plan problem only when a change has occurred with respect to the corresponding first plan problem that meets or exceeds a specified threshold. 10. The method of claim 8, comprising storing and persisting plan problem data associated with a new plan problem only when the new plan problem meets or exceeds a specified threshold. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein plan problem data reflecting one or more plan problems is accessible from within one or more planning domains and one or more execution domains. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
sorting two or more plan problem records based on one or more specified criteria; and generating a display of the sorted plan problem records. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein:
the plan problems comprise planned orders that are late or short; and the method comprises sorting the plan problems based on how late or short the planned orders are. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising marking a plan problem record containing data associated with a plan problem to indicate one or more of:
whether the plan problem is new; whether the plan problem record has been reviewed since the plan problem first occurred; and whether the plan problem record has been reviewed since one or more changes with respect to the plan problem occurred. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium embodied with software, the software when executed using one or more computer systems is configured to:
access over a computer network a first supply chain plan in a first planning session of a first planning cycle and a second supply chain plan in a second planning session of a second planning cycle subsequent to the first planning cycle; compare one or more first plan problems identified in the first planning cycle with one or more second plan problems identified in the second planning cycle to determine whether the second plan problem identified for the second planning cycle corresponds to a first plan problem identified for the first planning cycle; when a second plan problem identified for the second planning cycle is a new plan problem not corresponding to a first plan problem identified for the first planning cycle, store and persist plan problem data associated with the new plan problem for access in one or more successive planning cycles; access the plan problem data associated with the one or more first plan problems identified in the first planning cycle and the plan problem data associated with the new plan problem, wherein plan problem data associated with a plan problem comprises a plan problem record; generate a plan problem display of two or more plan problem records in a table format and display the plan problem display on a graphical user interface, wherein the plan problem display further comprises a first view selection icon to, in response to a user selecting the first view selection icon, cause to be made visible to the user a corresponding root cause display of two or more root cause records associated with the two or more plan problem records in the plan problem display, the root cause display comprising a second view selection icon to, in response to the user selecting the second view selection icon, cause the corresponding plan problem display to be made visible to the user. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the software is further configured to update plan problem data associated with the corresponding first plan problem only when a change has occurred with respect to the corresponding first plan problem that meets or exceeds a specified threshold. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the software is further configured to store and persist plan problem data associated with a new plan problem only when the new plan problem meets or exceeds a specified threshold. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein plan problem data reflecting one or more plan problems is accessible from within one or more planning domains and one or more execution domains. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the software is further configured to:
sort two or more plan problem records based on one or more specified criteria; and generate a display of the sorted plan problem records for one or more planners. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein:
the plan problems comprise planned orders that are late or short; and the software is further configured sort the plan problems based on how late or short the planned orders are. | A method for managing plan problems across planning cycles includes accessing a first plan generated in a first planning session of a first planning cycle, identifying one or more first plan problems reflected in the first plan, and storing and persisting plan problem data associated with the one or more first plan problems for access in one or more successive planning cycles. The method includes accessing a second plan generated in a second planning session of a second planning cycle subsequent to the first planning cycle, identifying one or more second plan problems reflected in the second plan, and comparing the one or more first plan problems identified for the first planning cycle with the one or more second plan problems identified for the second planning cycle. The method includes determining whether the second plan problem corresponds to any first plan problem identified for the first planning cycle.1. A supply chain planning system, comprising:
a computer system comprising a processor and a memory, the computer system configured to: access over a computer network a first supply chain plan in a first planning session of a first planning cycle and a second supply chain plan in a second planning session of a second planning cycle subsequent to the first planning cycle; compare one or more first plan problems identified in the first planning cycle with one or more second plan problems identified in the second planning cycle to determine whether the second plan problem identified for the second planning cycle corresponds to a first plan problem identified for the first planning cycle; when a second plan problem identified for the second planning cycle is a new plan problem not corresponding to a first plan problem identified for the first planning cycle, store and persist plan problem data associated with the new plan problem for access in one or more successive planning cycles; access the plan problem data associated with the one or more first plan problems identified in the first planning cycle and the plan problem data associated with the new plan problem, wherein plan problem data associated with a plan problem comprises a plan problem record; generate a plan problem display of two or more plan problem records in a table format and display the plan problem display on a graphical user interface, wherein the plan problem display further comprises a first view selection icon to, in response to a user selecting the first view selection icon, cause to be made visible to the user a corresponding root cause display of two or more root cause records associated with the two or more plan problem records in the plan problem display, the root cause display comprising a second view selection icon to, in response to the user selecting the second view selection icon, cause the corresponding plan problem display to be made visible to the user. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is further configured to update plan problem data associated with the corresponding first plan problem only when a change has occurred with respect to the corresponding first plan problem that meets or exceeds a specified threshold. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is further configured to store and persist plan problem data associated with a new plan problem only when the new plan problem meets or exceeds a specified threshold. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein plan problem data reflecting one or more plan problems is accessible from within one or more planning domains and one or more execution domains. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is further configured to:
sort two or more plan problem records based on one or more specified criteria; and generate a display of the sorted plan problem records. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein:
the plan problems comprise planned orders that are late or short; and the computer system is further configured to sort the plan problems based on how late or short the planned orders are. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer system is further configured to mark a plan problem record containing data associated with a plan problem to indicate one or more of:
whether the plan problem is new; whether the plan problem record has been reviewed since the plan problem first occurred; and whether the plan problem record has been reviewed since one or more changes with respect to the plan problem occurred. 8. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
accessing over a computer network a first supply chain plan in a first planning session of a first planning cycle and a second supply chain plan in a second planning session of a second planning cycle subsequent to the first planning cycle; comparing one or more first plan problems identified in the first planning cycle with one or more second plan problems identified in the second planning cycle to determine whether the second plan problem identified for the second planning cycle corresponds to a first plan problem identified for the first planning cycle; when a second plan problem identified for the second planning cycle is a new plan problem not corresponding to a first plan problem identified for the first planning cycle, storing and persisting plan problem data associated with the new plan problem for access in one or more successive planning cycles; accessing the plan problem data associated with the one or more first plan problems identified in the first planning cycle and the plan problem data associated with the new plan problem, wherein plan problem data associated with a plan problem comprises a plan problem record; generating a plan problem display of two or more plan problem records in a table format and displaying the plan problem display on a graphical user interface, wherein the plan problem display further comprises a first view selection icon to, in response to a user selecting the first view selection icon, cause to be made visible to the user a corresponding root cause display of two or more root cause records associated with the two or more plan problem records in the plan problem display, the root cause display comprising a second view selection icon to, in response to the user selecting the second view selection icon, cause the corresponding plan problem display to be made visible to the user. 9. The method of claim 8, comprising updating plan problem data associated with the corresponding first plan problem only when a change has occurred with respect to the corresponding first plan problem that meets or exceeds a specified threshold. 10. The method of claim 8, comprising storing and persisting plan problem data associated with a new plan problem only when the new plan problem meets or exceeds a specified threshold. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein plan problem data reflecting one or more plan problems is accessible from within one or more planning domains and one or more execution domains. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
sorting two or more plan problem records based on one or more specified criteria; and generating a display of the sorted plan problem records. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein:
the plan problems comprise planned orders that are late or short; and the method comprises sorting the plan problems based on how late or short the planned orders are. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising marking a plan problem record containing data associated with a plan problem to indicate one or more of:
whether the plan problem is new; whether the plan problem record has been reviewed since the plan problem first occurred; and whether the plan problem record has been reviewed since one or more changes with respect to the plan problem occurred. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium embodied with software, the software when executed using one or more computer systems is configured to:
access over a computer network a first supply chain plan in a first planning session of a first planning cycle and a second supply chain plan in a second planning session of a second planning cycle subsequent to the first planning cycle; compare one or more first plan problems identified in the first planning cycle with one or more second plan problems identified in the second planning cycle to determine whether the second plan problem identified for the second planning cycle corresponds to a first plan problem identified for the first planning cycle; when a second plan problem identified for the second planning cycle is a new plan problem not corresponding to a first plan problem identified for the first planning cycle, store and persist plan problem data associated with the new plan problem for access in one or more successive planning cycles; access the plan problem data associated with the one or more first plan problems identified in the first planning cycle and the plan problem data associated with the new plan problem, wherein plan problem data associated with a plan problem comprises a plan problem record; generate a plan problem display of two or more plan problem records in a table format and display the plan problem display on a graphical user interface, wherein the plan problem display further comprises a first view selection icon to, in response to a user selecting the first view selection icon, cause to be made visible to the user a corresponding root cause display of two or more root cause records associated with the two or more plan problem records in the plan problem display, the root cause display comprising a second view selection icon to, in response to the user selecting the second view selection icon, cause the corresponding plan problem display to be made visible to the user. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the software is further configured to update plan problem data associated with the corresponding first plan problem only when a change has occurred with respect to the corresponding first plan problem that meets or exceeds a specified threshold. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the software is further configured to store and persist plan problem data associated with a new plan problem only when the new plan problem meets or exceeds a specified threshold. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein plan problem data reflecting one or more plan problems is accessible from within one or more planning domains and one or more execution domains. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the software is further configured to:
sort two or more plan problem records based on one or more specified criteria; and generate a display of the sorted plan problem records for one or more planners. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein:
the plan problems comprise planned orders that are late or short; and the software is further configured sort the plan problems based on how late or short the planned orders are. | 3,600 |
349,448 | 16,807,035 | 3,623 | Provided is a system and method for generating enhanced stereographic videos of aircraft build processes. Specifically, the system comprises a stereoscopic recording device configured to capture a plurality of stages of an aircraft build process. The system further comprises one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs stored in the memory that comprise instructions for execution by the system to build a stereographic library including repositories of 3D video corresponding to the plurality of stages of the aircraft build process. The system then generates an enhanced walkthrough video of the aircraft build process. The enhanced walkthrough video may include a parallax grid overlay and/or a thermal scan overlay integrated into the video. The system may then analyze the enhanced walkthrough video using post-processing analytics to identify anomalies and irregularities that occurred during the aircraft build process. | 1. A system, comprising:
one or more processors; memory; and one or more programs stored in the memory, the one or more programs comprising instructions for:
building a stereographic library including repositories of 3D video, the repositories of 3D video corresponding to a plurality of stages of an aircraft build process;
generating an enhanced walkthrough video of the aircraft build process; the enhanced walkthrough video including a thermal scan overlay integrated into the video; and
analyzing the enhanced walkthrough video using post-processing analytics. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the thermal scan overlay is utilized to detect foreign object damage. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the thermal scan overlay is utilized for non-destructive testing. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the post-processing analytics includes analyzing patterns and shapes to determine thermal gradient compliance. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein determining thermal gradient compliance includes matching thermal heat to a thermal heat database storing therein expected temperature gradient information, for example stored within a server and/or database. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the thermal scan overlay is created using passive thermography. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the thermal scan overlay is created using active thermography. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the thermal scan overlay is created using an infrared vision device. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the infrared vision device is mounted on a stereoscopic camera. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the infrared vision device is a focal plane array infrared camera capable of capturing two different high transmittance infrared windows. 11. A method comprising:
building a stereographic library including repositories of 3D video, the repositories of 3D video corresponding to a plurality of stages of an aircraft build process; generating an enhanced walkthrough video of the aircraft build process, the enhanced walkthrough video including a thermal scan overlay integrated into the video; and analyzing the enhanced walkthrough video using post-processing analytics. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the thermal scan overlay is utilized to detect foreign object damage. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the thermal scan overlay is utilized for non-destructive testing. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the post-processing analytics includes analyzing patterns and shapes to determine thermal gradient compliance. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein determining thermal gradient compliance includes matching thermal heat to a thermal heat database storing therein expected temperature gradient information, for example stored within a server and/or database. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the thermal scan overlay is created using passive thermography. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the thermal scan overlay is created using active thermography. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the thermal scan overlay is created using an infrared vision device. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the infrared vision device is mounted on a stereoscopic camera. 20. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs configured for execution by a computer, the one or more programs comprising instructions for:
building a stereographic library including repositories of 3D video, the repositories of 3D video corresponding to a plurality of stages of an aircraft build process; generating an enhanced walkthrough video of the aircraft build process, the enhanced walkthrough video including a thermal scan overlay integrated into the videoed; and analyzing the enhanced walkthrough video using post-processing analytics. | Provided is a system and method for generating enhanced stereographic videos of aircraft build processes. Specifically, the system comprises a stereoscopic recording device configured to capture a plurality of stages of an aircraft build process. The system further comprises one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs stored in the memory that comprise instructions for execution by the system to build a stereographic library including repositories of 3D video corresponding to the plurality of stages of the aircraft build process. The system then generates an enhanced walkthrough video of the aircraft build process. The enhanced walkthrough video may include a parallax grid overlay and/or a thermal scan overlay integrated into the video. The system may then analyze the enhanced walkthrough video using post-processing analytics to identify anomalies and irregularities that occurred during the aircraft build process.1. A system, comprising:
one or more processors; memory; and one or more programs stored in the memory, the one or more programs comprising instructions for:
building a stereographic library including repositories of 3D video, the repositories of 3D video corresponding to a plurality of stages of an aircraft build process;
generating an enhanced walkthrough video of the aircraft build process; the enhanced walkthrough video including a thermal scan overlay integrated into the video; and
analyzing the enhanced walkthrough video using post-processing analytics. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the thermal scan overlay is utilized to detect foreign object damage. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the thermal scan overlay is utilized for non-destructive testing. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the post-processing analytics includes analyzing patterns and shapes to determine thermal gradient compliance. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein determining thermal gradient compliance includes matching thermal heat to a thermal heat database storing therein expected temperature gradient information, for example stored within a server and/or database. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the thermal scan overlay is created using passive thermography. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the thermal scan overlay is created using active thermography. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the thermal scan overlay is created using an infrared vision device. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the infrared vision device is mounted on a stereoscopic camera. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the infrared vision device is a focal plane array infrared camera capable of capturing two different high transmittance infrared windows. 11. A method comprising:
building a stereographic library including repositories of 3D video, the repositories of 3D video corresponding to a plurality of stages of an aircraft build process; generating an enhanced walkthrough video of the aircraft build process, the enhanced walkthrough video including a thermal scan overlay integrated into the video; and analyzing the enhanced walkthrough video using post-processing analytics. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the thermal scan overlay is utilized to detect foreign object damage. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the thermal scan overlay is utilized for non-destructive testing. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the post-processing analytics includes analyzing patterns and shapes to determine thermal gradient compliance. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein determining thermal gradient compliance includes matching thermal heat to a thermal heat database storing therein expected temperature gradient information, for example stored within a server and/or database. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the thermal scan overlay is created using passive thermography. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the thermal scan overlay is created using active thermography. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the thermal scan overlay is created using an infrared vision device. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the infrared vision device is mounted on a stereoscopic camera. 20. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs configured for execution by a computer, the one or more programs comprising instructions for:
building a stereographic library including repositories of 3D video, the repositories of 3D video corresponding to a plurality of stages of an aircraft build process; generating an enhanced walkthrough video of the aircraft build process, the enhanced walkthrough video including a thermal scan overlay integrated into the videoed; and analyzing the enhanced walkthrough video using post-processing analytics. | 3,600 |
349,449 | 16,807,026 | 3,623 | A wafer sorting and stoking system provides automated storage and retrieval of wafer frames carrying semiconductor wafers. A wafer frame cassette is received at a transfer port from a transfer system. A robot arm retrieves the wafer frames from the cassette and stores each wafer frame in a respective storage slot in one of a plurality of storage towers. The storage location of each wafer frame is recorded. Each wafer frame can be selectively retrieved and loaded into a wafer frame cassette by the robot arm for further processing. | 1. A system comprising:
a first transfer port (108) configured to receive a first wafer frame cassette (114) from a transfer system (112); a plurality of storage towers (104) each including a plurality of storage slots (120); a robot arm (102) configured to retrieve wafer frames (116) from the first wafer frame cassette at the transfer port and to store each wafer frame in a respective storage slot; and a control system (106) configured to record an identity of each wafer frame received at the first transfer port, to control the robot arm, and to record, for each wafer frame, storage address data identifying the storage slot of the wafer frame. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the robot arm is configured to retrieve selected wafer frames from their respective storage slots and to load the selected wafer frames into the first wafer frame cassette or into a second wafer frame cassette at the first transfer port. 3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a second transfer port, wherein the robot arm is configured to retrieve selected wafer frames from their respective storage slots and to load the selected wafer frames into the first wafer frame cassette or into a second wafer frame cassette at the second transfer port. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the storage towers are arranged in two rows of storage towers, wherein the robot arm is positioned between the two rows of storage towers. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein each storage tower includes 200 or more storage slots. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the first transfer port is an overhead hoist transfer port configured to receive wafer frame cassettes from an overhead hoist transfer system. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a bar code reader configured to read a bar code of each wafer frame at the transfer port. 8. The system of claim 1, further comprising a manual port, wherein the control system is configured to control the robot arm to retrieve wafer frames from the manual port for storage in the storage towers. 9. The system of claim 1, further comprising a humidity control system configured to control a humidity within one or more of the storage towers. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the humidity control system includes a humidity sensor and a gas output configured to control the humidity by outputting a gas. 11. A method, comprising:
receiving, at a first transfer port (108), a wafer frame cassette (114) including a plurality of wafer frames (116); transferring, with a robot arm (102), each wafer frame from the wafer frame cassette into a respective storage slot (120) in one of a plurality of storage towers (104); controlling the robot arm with a control system (106); and recording, with the control system, a storage location of each wafer frame. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
retrieving, with the robot arm, the wafer frames from their respective storage slots; and transferring, with the robot arm, the wafer frames to the first transfer port or to a second transfer port. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising controlling a humidity within each storage tower. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein controlling the humidity includes sensing the humidity and outputting a gas responsive to the sensed humidity. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising scanning a bar code of each wafer frame prior to transferring the wafer frame from the transfer port. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the robot arm is positioned between two rows of storage towers. 17. A method, comprising:
receiving, at a first transfer port (108), a wafer frame cassette (114) including a plurality of wafer frames (116); recording, with a control system (106), an identity of each wafer frame; selecting, with the control system, a respective storage location for each wafer frame within an array of storage towers (104); transferring, with a robot arm (102) under control of the control system, each wafer frame to the respective storage location; and recording, with the control system for each wafer frame, the storage location. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
selecting, with the control system, a wafer frame for retrieval from the array of storage towers; identifying the storage location of the selected wafer frame; retrieving, with the robot arm, the selected wafer frame from the storage location; and transferring the selected wafer frame to the first transfer port or to a second transfer port. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
transferring the selected wafer frame from the first or second transfer port to a dicing station; and dicing, at the dicing station, a semiconductor wafer carried by the selected wafer frame. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein each wafer frame carries a semiconductor wafer. | A wafer sorting and stoking system provides automated storage and retrieval of wafer frames carrying semiconductor wafers. A wafer frame cassette is received at a transfer port from a transfer system. A robot arm retrieves the wafer frames from the cassette and stores each wafer frame in a respective storage slot in one of a plurality of storage towers. The storage location of each wafer frame is recorded. Each wafer frame can be selectively retrieved and loaded into a wafer frame cassette by the robot arm for further processing.1. A system comprising:
a first transfer port (108) configured to receive a first wafer frame cassette (114) from a transfer system (112); a plurality of storage towers (104) each including a plurality of storage slots (120); a robot arm (102) configured to retrieve wafer frames (116) from the first wafer frame cassette at the transfer port and to store each wafer frame in a respective storage slot; and a control system (106) configured to record an identity of each wafer frame received at the first transfer port, to control the robot arm, and to record, for each wafer frame, storage address data identifying the storage slot of the wafer frame. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the robot arm is configured to retrieve selected wafer frames from their respective storage slots and to load the selected wafer frames into the first wafer frame cassette or into a second wafer frame cassette at the first transfer port. 3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a second transfer port, wherein the robot arm is configured to retrieve selected wafer frames from their respective storage slots and to load the selected wafer frames into the first wafer frame cassette or into a second wafer frame cassette at the second transfer port. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the storage towers are arranged in two rows of storage towers, wherein the robot arm is positioned between the two rows of storage towers. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein each storage tower includes 200 or more storage slots. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the first transfer port is an overhead hoist transfer port configured to receive wafer frame cassettes from an overhead hoist transfer system. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a bar code reader configured to read a bar code of each wafer frame at the transfer port. 8. The system of claim 1, further comprising a manual port, wherein the control system is configured to control the robot arm to retrieve wafer frames from the manual port for storage in the storage towers. 9. The system of claim 1, further comprising a humidity control system configured to control a humidity within one or more of the storage towers. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the humidity control system includes a humidity sensor and a gas output configured to control the humidity by outputting a gas. 11. A method, comprising:
receiving, at a first transfer port (108), a wafer frame cassette (114) including a plurality of wafer frames (116); transferring, with a robot arm (102), each wafer frame from the wafer frame cassette into a respective storage slot (120) in one of a plurality of storage towers (104); controlling the robot arm with a control system (106); and recording, with the control system, a storage location of each wafer frame. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
retrieving, with the robot arm, the wafer frames from their respective storage slots; and transferring, with the robot arm, the wafer frames to the first transfer port or to a second transfer port. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising controlling a humidity within each storage tower. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein controlling the humidity includes sensing the humidity and outputting a gas responsive to the sensed humidity. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising scanning a bar code of each wafer frame prior to transferring the wafer frame from the transfer port. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the robot arm is positioned between two rows of storage towers. 17. A method, comprising:
receiving, at a first transfer port (108), a wafer frame cassette (114) including a plurality of wafer frames (116); recording, with a control system (106), an identity of each wafer frame; selecting, with the control system, a respective storage location for each wafer frame within an array of storage towers (104); transferring, with a robot arm (102) under control of the control system, each wafer frame to the respective storage location; and recording, with the control system for each wafer frame, the storage location. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
selecting, with the control system, a wafer frame for retrieval from the array of storage towers; identifying the storage location of the selected wafer frame; retrieving, with the robot arm, the selected wafer frame from the storage location; and transferring the selected wafer frame to the first transfer port or to a second transfer port. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
transferring the selected wafer frame from the first or second transfer port to a dicing station; and dicing, at the dicing station, a semiconductor wafer carried by the selected wafer frame. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein each wafer frame carries a semiconductor wafer. | 3,600 |
349,450 | 16,807,038 | 3,623 | The system manages aggregating posts to a media feed to provide timeline updates. The system generates for display the media feed that includes a first post having a first content item and first information. The system identifies a second post having a second content item and second information. If the system determines that the first content item and the second content item are duplicative, the system generates a combined post. The combined post includes the first content item, the second content item, the first information, the second information, or a combination thereof. The system identifies objects of the first and second content items, and compares the objects to determine of the content items are duplicative. Further, the system may determine whether the first and second content items are duplicative by determining if they share the same source. | 1. A method for managing posts on a media feed, the method comprising:
generating for display the media feed, wherein the media feed comprises a first post comprising a first content item and first information; identifying a second post, wherein the second post comprises a second content item and second information; determining, using control circuitry, that the first content item and the second content item are duplicative; and generating, in response to determining that the first content item and the second content item are duplicative, a combined post comprising at least one selected from a group of the first content item, the second content item, the first information, and the second information. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the media feed comprises the second post. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an indication to add the second post to the media feed; and determining relationship information between the first content item and the second content item in response to receiving the indication to add the second post to the media feed. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein first metadata is associated with the first content item, wherein second metadata is associated with the second content item, and wherein determining the relationship information is based on comparing the first metadata and the second metadata. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the relationship information comprises retrieving the relationship information from a database based on the first metadata and the second metadata. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the first metadata comprises one or more metadata tags that identify at least one of an entity, an event, a location, and an object. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein determining whether the first content item and the second content item are duplicative comprises determining whether the first content item and the second content item share the same source. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the combined post comprises combining the first information and the second information to form composite information. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the combined post comprises generating for display on a display device a modified media feed that comprises the combined post. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the first content item and the second item are duplicative comprises:
identifying one or more first objects of the first content item; identifying one or more second objects of the second content item; and comparing the one or more first objects to the one or more second objects. 11. A system for managing posts on a media feed, the system comprising:
control circuitry configured to: generate for display the media feed, wherein the media feed comprises a first post comprising a first content item and first information; identify a second post, wherein the second post comprises a second content item and second information; determine that the first content item and the second content item are duplicative; and generate, in response to determining that the first content item and the second content item are duplicative, a combined post comprising at least one selected from a group of the first content item, the second content item, the first information, and the second information; and an output device coupled to the control circuitry and configured to output the combined post. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the media feed comprises the second post. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
receive an indication to add the second post to the media feed; and determine relationship information between the first content item and the second content item in response to receiving the indication to add the second post to the media feed. 14. The system of claim 13 wherein first metadata is associated with the first content item, wherein second metadata is associated with the second content item, and wherein the control circuitry is further configured to determine the relationship information by comparing the first metadata and the second metadata. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to determine the relationship information by retrieving the relationship information from a database based on the first metadata and the second metadata. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the first metadata comprises one or more metadata tags that identify at least one of an entity, an event, a location, and an object. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to determine whether the first content item and the second content item are duplicative by determining whether the first content item and the second content item share the same source. 18. The system of claim 11, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to generate the combined post by combining the first information and the second information to form composite information. 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to generate the combined post by generating for display on a display device a modified media feed that comprises the combined post. 20. The system of claim 11, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to determine whether the first content item and the second item are duplicative by:
identifying one or more first objects of the first content item; identifying one or more second objects of the second content item; and comparing the one or more first objects to the one or more second objects. 21.-50. (canceled) | The system manages aggregating posts to a media feed to provide timeline updates. The system generates for display the media feed that includes a first post having a first content item and first information. The system identifies a second post having a second content item and second information. If the system determines that the first content item and the second content item are duplicative, the system generates a combined post. The combined post includes the first content item, the second content item, the first information, the second information, or a combination thereof. The system identifies objects of the first and second content items, and compares the objects to determine of the content items are duplicative. Further, the system may determine whether the first and second content items are duplicative by determining if they share the same source.1. A method for managing posts on a media feed, the method comprising:
generating for display the media feed, wherein the media feed comprises a first post comprising a first content item and first information; identifying a second post, wherein the second post comprises a second content item and second information; determining, using control circuitry, that the first content item and the second content item are duplicative; and generating, in response to determining that the first content item and the second content item are duplicative, a combined post comprising at least one selected from a group of the first content item, the second content item, the first information, and the second information. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the media feed comprises the second post. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an indication to add the second post to the media feed; and determining relationship information between the first content item and the second content item in response to receiving the indication to add the second post to the media feed. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein first metadata is associated with the first content item, wherein second metadata is associated with the second content item, and wherein determining the relationship information is based on comparing the first metadata and the second metadata. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the relationship information comprises retrieving the relationship information from a database based on the first metadata and the second metadata. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the first metadata comprises one or more metadata tags that identify at least one of an entity, an event, a location, and an object. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein determining whether the first content item and the second content item are duplicative comprises determining whether the first content item and the second content item share the same source. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the combined post comprises combining the first information and the second information to form composite information. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the combined post comprises generating for display on a display device a modified media feed that comprises the combined post. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the first content item and the second item are duplicative comprises:
identifying one or more first objects of the first content item; identifying one or more second objects of the second content item; and comparing the one or more first objects to the one or more second objects. 11. A system for managing posts on a media feed, the system comprising:
control circuitry configured to: generate for display the media feed, wherein the media feed comprises a first post comprising a first content item and first information; identify a second post, wherein the second post comprises a second content item and second information; determine that the first content item and the second content item are duplicative; and generate, in response to determining that the first content item and the second content item are duplicative, a combined post comprising at least one selected from a group of the first content item, the second content item, the first information, and the second information; and an output device coupled to the control circuitry and configured to output the combined post. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the media feed comprises the second post. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
receive an indication to add the second post to the media feed; and determine relationship information between the first content item and the second content item in response to receiving the indication to add the second post to the media feed. 14. The system of claim 13 wherein first metadata is associated with the first content item, wherein second metadata is associated with the second content item, and wherein the control circuitry is further configured to determine the relationship information by comparing the first metadata and the second metadata. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to determine the relationship information by retrieving the relationship information from a database based on the first metadata and the second metadata. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the first metadata comprises one or more metadata tags that identify at least one of an entity, an event, a location, and an object. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to determine whether the first content item and the second content item are duplicative by determining whether the first content item and the second content item share the same source. 18. The system of claim 11, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to generate the combined post by combining the first information and the second information to form composite information. 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to generate the combined post by generating for display on a display device a modified media feed that comprises the combined post. 20. The system of claim 11, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to determine whether the first content item and the second item are duplicative by:
identifying one or more first objects of the first content item; identifying one or more second objects of the second content item; and comparing the one or more first objects to the one or more second objects. 21.-50. (canceled) | 3,600 |
349,451 | 16,806,956 | 3,623 | A computer-implemented method includes: determining, based on a video of a target area, a first number of target objects in the video at each of multiple time points, and a first location of each of the first number of target objects at the corresponding time points; receiving position signals of the corresponding target objects in the target area at each of the multiple time points; determining, based on the position signals, a second number of target objects at each of the multiple time points and a second location of each of the second number of target objects at the corresponding time points; determining that, at each of the multiple time points, the first number equals the second number; determining that, at each of the multiple time points, the first location of each target object matches the second location of the target object; and determining that the video is unmodified. | 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
identifying, by one or more processing devices, in a video of a target area captured by a video acquisition device, a first number of target objects in the video at each of multiple time points, and a first location of each of the first number of target objects within the target area at the corresponding time points; receiving, from a signal acquisition device distinct from the video acquisition device, position signals of the corresponding target objects in the target area at each of the multiple time points; determining, based on the position signals, a second number of target objects at each of the multiple time points and a second location of each of the second number of target objects within the target area at the corresponding time points; determining that, at each of the multiple time points, the first number equals the second number; determining that, at each of the multiple time points, the first location of each target object matches the second location of the target object; and in response to determining that, at each of the multiple time points, the first number equals the second number, and that, at the corresponding time points, the first location of each target object matches the second location of the target object, determining that the video is authentic. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the position signals comprise signals obtained by a radar, and wherein the position signals indicate location coordinates of each of the second number of target objects. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the signals obtained by the radar indicate movement speeds of objects in the target area, and further comprising:
determining a movement speed of each of multiple objects in the target area based on the signals indicating the movement speeds of the multiple objects; determining that a first object of the multiple objects has a movement speed outside a predetermined speed range; based on determining that the first object has a movement speed outside the predetermined speed range, determining that the first object is a non-target object; and based on determining that the first object is a non-target object, correcting, for each of the multiple time points, the second number of target objects. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the position signals comprise signals obtained by at least three radio receivers at each of the multiple time points,
wherein the signals obtained by the at least three radio receivers indicate received signal strengths of received radio waves, and wherein the received radio waves are radio signals having identification codes and transmitted by radio transmitters carried by the target objects. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein determining, based on the position signals, the second number of target objects at each of the multiple time points and the second location of each of the second number of target objects at the corresponding time points comprises:
determining, based on the signals obtained by the at least three radio receivers, the second number of target objects at each of the multiple time points as a number of identification codes received at the corresponding time points; calculating, based on received signal strengths of three radio waves corresponding to each received identification code, a coordinate position corresponding to the received identification code; and determining the location of each of the second number of target objects at each of the multiple time points as a coordinate position corresponding to a respective identification code. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, further comprising:
determining a mapping relationship between each received identification code and a corresponding target object in the video. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, further comprising:
determining, based on a target identification code and a corresponding mapping relationship, a selected target object corresponding to the target identification code; and generating video content corresponding to the selected target object based on a position and a size of the selected target object. 8. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
identifying, by one or more processing devices, in a video of a target area captured by a video acquisition device, a first number of target objects in the video at each of multiple time points, and a first location of each of the first number of target objects within the target area at the corresponding time points; receiving, from a signal acquisition device distinct from the video acquisition device, position signals of the corresponding target objects in the target area at each of the multiple time points; determining, based on the position signals, a second number of target objects at each of the multiple time points and a second location of each of the second number of target objects within the target area at the corresponding time points; determining that, at each of the multiple time points, the first number equals the second number; determining that, at each of the multiple time points, the first location of each target object matches the second location of the target object; and in response to determining that, at each of the multiple time points, the first number equals the second number, and that, at the corresponding time points, the first location of each target object matches the second location of the target object, determining that the video is authentic. 9. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the position signals comprise signals obtained by a radar, and wherein the position signals indicate location coordinates of each of the second number of target objects. 10. The computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the signals obtained by the radar indicate movement speeds of objects in the target area, and wherein the operations further comprise:
determining a movement speed of each of multiple objects in the target area based on the signals indicating the movement speeds of the multiple objects; determining that a first object of the multiple objects has a movement speed outside a predetermined speed range; based on determining that the first object has a movement speed outside the predetermined speed range, determining that the first object is a non-target object; and based on determining that the first object is a non-target object, correcting, for each of the multiple time points, the second number of target objects. 11. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the position signals comprise signals obtained by at least three radio receivers at each of the multiple time points,
wherein the signals obtained by the at least three radio receivers indicate received signal strengths of received radio waves, and wherein the received radio waves are radio signals having identification codes and transmitted by radio transmitters carried by the target objects. 12. The computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein determining, based on the position signals, the second number of target objects at each of the multiple time points and the second location of each of the second number of target objects at the corresponding time points comprises:
determining, based on the signals obtained by the at least three radio receivers, the second number of target objects at each of the multiple time points as a number of identification codes received at the corresponding time points; calculating, based on received signal strengths of three radio waves corresponding to each received identification code, a coordinate position corresponding to the received identification code; and determining the location of each of the second number of target objects at each of the multiple time points as a coordinate position corresponding to a respective identification code. 13. The computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining a mapping relationship between each received identification code and a corresponding target object in the video. 14. The computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining, based on a target identification code and a corresponding mapping relationship, a selected target object corresponding to the target identification code; and generating video content corresponding to the selected target object based on a position and a size of the selected target object. 15. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
identifying, by one or more processing devices, in a video of a target area captured by a video acquisition device, a first number of target objects in the video at each of multiple time points, and a first location of each of the first number of target objects within the target area at the corresponding time points;
receiving, from a signal acquisition device distinct from the video acquisition device, position signals of the corresponding target objects in the target area at each of the multiple time points;
determining, based on the position signals, a second number of target objects at each of the multiple time points and a second location of each of the second number of target objects within the target area at the corresponding time points;
determining that, at each of the multiple time points, the first number equals the second number;
determining that, at each of the multiple time points, the first location of each target object matches the second location of the target object; and
in response to determining that, at each of the multiple time points, the first number equals the second number, and that, at the corresponding time points, the first location of each target object matches the second location of the target object, determining that the video is authentic. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the position signals comprise signals obtained by a radar, and wherein the position signals indicate location coordinates of each of the second number of target objects. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 16, wherein the signals obtained by the radar indicate movement speeds of objects in the target area, and wherein the operations further comprise:
determining a movement speed of each of multiple objects in the target area based on the signals indicating the movement speeds of the multiple objects; determining that a first object of the multiple objects has a movement speed outside a predetermined speed range; based on determining that the first object has a movement speed outside the predetermined speed range, determining that the first object is a non-target object; and based on determining that the first object is a non-target object, correcting, for each of the multiple time points, the second number of target objects. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the position signals comprise signals obtained by at least three radio receivers at each of the multiple time points,
wherein the signals obtained by the at least three radio receivers indicate received signal strengths of received radio waves, and wherein the received radio waves are radio signals having identification codes and transmitted by radio transmitters carried by the target objects. 19. The computer-implemented system of claim 18, wherein determining, based on the position signals, the second number of target objects at each of the multiple time points and the second location of each of the second number of target objects at the corresponding time points comprises:
determining, based on the signals obtained by the at least three radio receivers, the second number of target objects at each of the multiple time points as a number of identification codes received at the corresponding time points; calculating, based on received signal strengths of three radio waves corresponding to each received identification code, a coordinate position corresponding to the received identification code; and determining the location of each of the second number of target objects at each of the multiple time points as a coordinate position corresponding to a respective identification code. 20. The computer-implemented system of claim 18, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining a mapping relationship between each received identification code and a corresponding target object in the video. 21. The computer-implemented system of claim 20, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining, based on a target identification code and a corresponding mapping relationship, a selected target object corresponding to the target identification code; and generating video content corresponding to the selected target object based on a position and a size of the selected target object. | A computer-implemented method includes: determining, based on a video of a target area, a first number of target objects in the video at each of multiple time points, and a first location of each of the first number of target objects at the corresponding time points; receiving position signals of the corresponding target objects in the target area at each of the multiple time points; determining, based on the position signals, a second number of target objects at each of the multiple time points and a second location of each of the second number of target objects at the corresponding time points; determining that, at each of the multiple time points, the first number equals the second number; determining that, at each of the multiple time points, the first location of each target object matches the second location of the target object; and determining that the video is unmodified.1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
identifying, by one or more processing devices, in a video of a target area captured by a video acquisition device, a first number of target objects in the video at each of multiple time points, and a first location of each of the first number of target objects within the target area at the corresponding time points; receiving, from a signal acquisition device distinct from the video acquisition device, position signals of the corresponding target objects in the target area at each of the multiple time points; determining, based on the position signals, a second number of target objects at each of the multiple time points and a second location of each of the second number of target objects within the target area at the corresponding time points; determining that, at each of the multiple time points, the first number equals the second number; determining that, at each of the multiple time points, the first location of each target object matches the second location of the target object; and in response to determining that, at each of the multiple time points, the first number equals the second number, and that, at the corresponding time points, the first location of each target object matches the second location of the target object, determining that the video is authentic. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the position signals comprise signals obtained by a radar, and wherein the position signals indicate location coordinates of each of the second number of target objects. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the signals obtained by the radar indicate movement speeds of objects in the target area, and further comprising:
determining a movement speed of each of multiple objects in the target area based on the signals indicating the movement speeds of the multiple objects; determining that a first object of the multiple objects has a movement speed outside a predetermined speed range; based on determining that the first object has a movement speed outside the predetermined speed range, determining that the first object is a non-target object; and based on determining that the first object is a non-target object, correcting, for each of the multiple time points, the second number of target objects. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the position signals comprise signals obtained by at least three radio receivers at each of the multiple time points,
wherein the signals obtained by the at least three radio receivers indicate received signal strengths of received radio waves, and wherein the received radio waves are radio signals having identification codes and transmitted by radio transmitters carried by the target objects. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein determining, based on the position signals, the second number of target objects at each of the multiple time points and the second location of each of the second number of target objects at the corresponding time points comprises:
determining, based on the signals obtained by the at least three radio receivers, the second number of target objects at each of the multiple time points as a number of identification codes received at the corresponding time points; calculating, based on received signal strengths of three radio waves corresponding to each received identification code, a coordinate position corresponding to the received identification code; and determining the location of each of the second number of target objects at each of the multiple time points as a coordinate position corresponding to a respective identification code. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, further comprising:
determining a mapping relationship between each received identification code and a corresponding target object in the video. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, further comprising:
determining, based on a target identification code and a corresponding mapping relationship, a selected target object corresponding to the target identification code; and generating video content corresponding to the selected target object based on a position and a size of the selected target object. 8. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
identifying, by one or more processing devices, in a video of a target area captured by a video acquisition device, a first number of target objects in the video at each of multiple time points, and a first location of each of the first number of target objects within the target area at the corresponding time points; receiving, from a signal acquisition device distinct from the video acquisition device, position signals of the corresponding target objects in the target area at each of the multiple time points; determining, based on the position signals, a second number of target objects at each of the multiple time points and a second location of each of the second number of target objects within the target area at the corresponding time points; determining that, at each of the multiple time points, the first number equals the second number; determining that, at each of the multiple time points, the first location of each target object matches the second location of the target object; and in response to determining that, at each of the multiple time points, the first number equals the second number, and that, at the corresponding time points, the first location of each target object matches the second location of the target object, determining that the video is authentic. 9. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the position signals comprise signals obtained by a radar, and wherein the position signals indicate location coordinates of each of the second number of target objects. 10. The computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the signals obtained by the radar indicate movement speeds of objects in the target area, and wherein the operations further comprise:
determining a movement speed of each of multiple objects in the target area based on the signals indicating the movement speeds of the multiple objects; determining that a first object of the multiple objects has a movement speed outside a predetermined speed range; based on determining that the first object has a movement speed outside the predetermined speed range, determining that the first object is a non-target object; and based on determining that the first object is a non-target object, correcting, for each of the multiple time points, the second number of target objects. 11. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the position signals comprise signals obtained by at least three radio receivers at each of the multiple time points,
wherein the signals obtained by the at least three radio receivers indicate received signal strengths of received radio waves, and wherein the received radio waves are radio signals having identification codes and transmitted by radio transmitters carried by the target objects. 12. The computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein determining, based on the position signals, the second number of target objects at each of the multiple time points and the second location of each of the second number of target objects at the corresponding time points comprises:
determining, based on the signals obtained by the at least three radio receivers, the second number of target objects at each of the multiple time points as a number of identification codes received at the corresponding time points; calculating, based on received signal strengths of three radio waves corresponding to each received identification code, a coordinate position corresponding to the received identification code; and determining the location of each of the second number of target objects at each of the multiple time points as a coordinate position corresponding to a respective identification code. 13. The computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining a mapping relationship between each received identification code and a corresponding target object in the video. 14. The computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining, based on a target identification code and a corresponding mapping relationship, a selected target object corresponding to the target identification code; and generating video content corresponding to the selected target object based on a position and a size of the selected target object. 15. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
identifying, by one or more processing devices, in a video of a target area captured by a video acquisition device, a first number of target objects in the video at each of multiple time points, and a first location of each of the first number of target objects within the target area at the corresponding time points;
receiving, from a signal acquisition device distinct from the video acquisition device, position signals of the corresponding target objects in the target area at each of the multiple time points;
determining, based on the position signals, a second number of target objects at each of the multiple time points and a second location of each of the second number of target objects within the target area at the corresponding time points;
determining that, at each of the multiple time points, the first number equals the second number;
determining that, at each of the multiple time points, the first location of each target object matches the second location of the target object; and
in response to determining that, at each of the multiple time points, the first number equals the second number, and that, at the corresponding time points, the first location of each target object matches the second location of the target object, determining that the video is authentic. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the position signals comprise signals obtained by a radar, and wherein the position signals indicate location coordinates of each of the second number of target objects. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 16, wherein the signals obtained by the radar indicate movement speeds of objects in the target area, and wherein the operations further comprise:
determining a movement speed of each of multiple objects in the target area based on the signals indicating the movement speeds of the multiple objects; determining that a first object of the multiple objects has a movement speed outside a predetermined speed range; based on determining that the first object has a movement speed outside the predetermined speed range, determining that the first object is a non-target object; and based on determining that the first object is a non-target object, correcting, for each of the multiple time points, the second number of target objects. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the position signals comprise signals obtained by at least three radio receivers at each of the multiple time points,
wherein the signals obtained by the at least three radio receivers indicate received signal strengths of received radio waves, and wherein the received radio waves are radio signals having identification codes and transmitted by radio transmitters carried by the target objects. 19. The computer-implemented system of claim 18, wherein determining, based on the position signals, the second number of target objects at each of the multiple time points and the second location of each of the second number of target objects at the corresponding time points comprises:
determining, based on the signals obtained by the at least three radio receivers, the second number of target objects at each of the multiple time points as a number of identification codes received at the corresponding time points; calculating, based on received signal strengths of three radio waves corresponding to each received identification code, a coordinate position corresponding to the received identification code; and determining the location of each of the second number of target objects at each of the multiple time points as a coordinate position corresponding to a respective identification code. 20. The computer-implemented system of claim 18, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining a mapping relationship between each received identification code and a corresponding target object in the video. 21. The computer-implemented system of claim 20, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining, based on a target identification code and a corresponding mapping relationship, a selected target object corresponding to the target identification code; and generating video content corresponding to the selected target object based on a position and a size of the selected target object. | 3,600 |
349,452 | 16,807,053 | 3,623 | Provided herein is a crystalline 4-amino-2-(2,6-dioxopiperidine-3-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione monohydrate. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the crystalline 4-amino-2-(2,6-dioxopiperidine-3-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione monohydrate are also disclosed. | 1. Crystalline 4-amino-2-(2,6-dioxopiperidine-3-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione monohydrate. 2. The monohydrate of claim 1, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising peaks at 11.8, 17.1, and 24.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degrees 2θ. 3. The monohydrate of claim 2, wherein the X-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises peaks at 13.9, 16.5, and 25.7 degrees 2θ±0.2 degrees 2θ. 4. The monohydrate of claim 1, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern corresponding to the representative X-ray powder diffraction pattern depicted in FIG. 1. 5. The monohydrate of claim 1, having a differential scanning calorimetry thermogram comprising an endotherm with a maximum at about 312° C. 6. The monohydrate of claim 1, having a differential scanning calorimetry thermogram corresponding to the representative differential scanning calorimetry thermogram depicted in FIG. 2. 7. The monohydrate of claim 1, having about 6.2% of water by mass. 8. The monohydrate of claim 1, having a thermogravimetric analysis thermogram comprising a weight loss of between about 4.9% and about 7.4% when heated from about 30° C. to about 225° C. 9. The monohydrate of claim 1, having a thermogravimetric analysis thermogram corresponding to the representative thermogravimetric analysis thermogram depicted in FIG. 3. 10. The monohydrate of claim 1, having an infrared spectrum corresponding to the representative infrared spectrum depicted in FIG. 4. 11. The monohydrate of claim 1, which is substantially physically pure. 12. The monohydrate of claim 1, which is substantially chemically pure. 13. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the monohydrate of claim 1. | Provided herein is a crystalline 4-amino-2-(2,6-dioxopiperidine-3-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione monohydrate. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the crystalline 4-amino-2-(2,6-dioxopiperidine-3-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione monohydrate are also disclosed.1. Crystalline 4-amino-2-(2,6-dioxopiperidine-3-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione monohydrate. 2. The monohydrate of claim 1, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising peaks at 11.8, 17.1, and 24.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degrees 2θ. 3. The monohydrate of claim 2, wherein the X-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises peaks at 13.9, 16.5, and 25.7 degrees 2θ±0.2 degrees 2θ. 4. The monohydrate of claim 1, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern corresponding to the representative X-ray powder diffraction pattern depicted in FIG. 1. 5. The monohydrate of claim 1, having a differential scanning calorimetry thermogram comprising an endotherm with a maximum at about 312° C. 6. The monohydrate of claim 1, having a differential scanning calorimetry thermogram corresponding to the representative differential scanning calorimetry thermogram depicted in FIG. 2. 7. The monohydrate of claim 1, having about 6.2% of water by mass. 8. The monohydrate of claim 1, having a thermogravimetric analysis thermogram comprising a weight loss of between about 4.9% and about 7.4% when heated from about 30° C. to about 225° C. 9. The monohydrate of claim 1, having a thermogravimetric analysis thermogram corresponding to the representative thermogravimetric analysis thermogram depicted in FIG. 3. 10. The monohydrate of claim 1, having an infrared spectrum corresponding to the representative infrared spectrum depicted in FIG. 4. 11. The monohydrate of claim 1, which is substantially physically pure. 12. The monohydrate of claim 1, which is substantially chemically pure. 13. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the monohydrate of claim 1. | 3,600 |
349,453 | 16,807,051 | 3,641 | A locking adjustment device for changing an adjustable setting of a device such as a riflescope locks in a baseline position to provide expedient feedback regarding an adjustment position of the adjustable setting. The device includes a guideway extending around an axis and a knob mountable over the guideway for rotation about the axis. The guideway includes a notch and a curved slide surface sized to slidably receive a guide tab carried by the knob. The guide tab is biased so as to urge at least a portion of the guide tab into the notch when the knob is rotated to a locked position, thereby preventing inadvertent rotation of the knob from the locked position. A button carried by the knob is depressible to urge the guide tab out of the notch and thereby allow the knob to be manually rotated away from the locked position. | 1. A locking adjustment device for adjusting a setting of a riflescope or other aiming device, comprising:
a guideway including a curved slide surface portion extending around an axis, and a notch formed in a first end of the curved slide surface portion and extending in a radial direction relative to the axis; a knob mountable over the guideway for rotation about the axis when the adjustment device is installed on the aiming device; a guide tab carried by the knob for rotation therewith and extending inwardly within the knob toward the aiming device and slidably received in the guideway when the adjustment device is installed on the aiming device, the guide tab being biased in the radial direction relative to the knob so as to urge at least a portion of the guide tab into the notch when the knob is rotated to a locked position at which the guide tab is aligned with the notch, thereby preventing inadvertent rotation of the knob relative to the aiming device from the locked position; and a button carried by the knob for rotation therewith, the button operably associated with the guide tab and manually depressible to urge the guide tab out of the notch and thereby allow the knob to be manually rotated about the rotational axis away from the locked position. 2. The locking adjustment device of claim 1, wherein the guideway includes a second curved slide surface portion extending around the axis and linked to the curved slide surface portion via a transition section. 3. The locking adjustment device of claim 2, wherein the guideway includes a second end on the second curved slide surface opposite the first end on the curved slide surface, and wherein the second end defines a stop that blocks the guide tab to limit rotation of the knob beyond the second end. 4. The locking adjustment device of claim 3, wherein the guideway is spiraled and the curved slide surface is at a first radial position from the rotational axis and the second curved slide surface is at a second radial position from the rotational axis. 5. The locking adjustment device of claim 1, further comprising an indicator unit carried by the knob and visible on a surface of the knob, wherein the indicator unit is at a first position when the guide tab is aligned with the notch and at a second position when the guide tab is positioned along the curved slide surface away from the first end. 6. The locking adjustment device of claim 5, wherein the indicator unit is coupled to the guide tab and the locking adjustment device further comprises a biasing element operatively associated with the guide tab and the indicator unit to urge movement of the indicator unit between the first and second positions. 7. The locking adjustment device of claim 5, wherein the indicator unit is slidably received in a slot arranged on the surface of the knob. 8. The locking adjustment device of claim 3, further comprising:
an indicator unit coupled to the guide tab and visible on a surface of the knob; and a biasing element operatively associated with the guide tab and the indicator unit to urge movement of the indicator unit, wherein the indicator unit is configured to move between a first position when the guide tab is aligned with the notch, a second position when the guide tab is positioned along the curved slide surface away from the notch, and a third position when the guide tab is positioned along the second curved slide surface. 9. The locking adjustment device of claim 1, wherein the aiming device includes a housing and the locking adjustment device further comprises:
a spindle mounted to the housing for rotation about the axis; and a threaded plunger extending within the housing of the aiming device and threadably coupled to the spindle, wherein rotation of the core about the axis causes movement of the threaded plunger along the axis. 10. The locking adjustment device of claim 9, wherein the guideway is formed along a substantially circular guide ring. 11. The locking adjustment device of claim 10, further comprising a retaining ring surrounding the adjustment core for securing the adjustment core to the housing, wherein the guide ring is press fit to the retaining ring. | A locking adjustment device for changing an adjustable setting of a device such as a riflescope locks in a baseline position to provide expedient feedback regarding an adjustment position of the adjustable setting. The device includes a guideway extending around an axis and a knob mountable over the guideway for rotation about the axis. The guideway includes a notch and a curved slide surface sized to slidably receive a guide tab carried by the knob. The guide tab is biased so as to urge at least a portion of the guide tab into the notch when the knob is rotated to a locked position, thereby preventing inadvertent rotation of the knob from the locked position. A button carried by the knob is depressible to urge the guide tab out of the notch and thereby allow the knob to be manually rotated away from the locked position.1. A locking adjustment device for adjusting a setting of a riflescope or other aiming device, comprising:
a guideway including a curved slide surface portion extending around an axis, and a notch formed in a first end of the curved slide surface portion and extending in a radial direction relative to the axis; a knob mountable over the guideway for rotation about the axis when the adjustment device is installed on the aiming device; a guide tab carried by the knob for rotation therewith and extending inwardly within the knob toward the aiming device and slidably received in the guideway when the adjustment device is installed on the aiming device, the guide tab being biased in the radial direction relative to the knob so as to urge at least a portion of the guide tab into the notch when the knob is rotated to a locked position at which the guide tab is aligned with the notch, thereby preventing inadvertent rotation of the knob relative to the aiming device from the locked position; and a button carried by the knob for rotation therewith, the button operably associated with the guide tab and manually depressible to urge the guide tab out of the notch and thereby allow the knob to be manually rotated about the rotational axis away from the locked position. 2. The locking adjustment device of claim 1, wherein the guideway includes a second curved slide surface portion extending around the axis and linked to the curved slide surface portion via a transition section. 3. The locking adjustment device of claim 2, wherein the guideway includes a second end on the second curved slide surface opposite the first end on the curved slide surface, and wherein the second end defines a stop that blocks the guide tab to limit rotation of the knob beyond the second end. 4. The locking adjustment device of claim 3, wherein the guideway is spiraled and the curved slide surface is at a first radial position from the rotational axis and the second curved slide surface is at a second radial position from the rotational axis. 5. The locking adjustment device of claim 1, further comprising an indicator unit carried by the knob and visible on a surface of the knob, wherein the indicator unit is at a first position when the guide tab is aligned with the notch and at a second position when the guide tab is positioned along the curved slide surface away from the first end. 6. The locking adjustment device of claim 5, wherein the indicator unit is coupled to the guide tab and the locking adjustment device further comprises a biasing element operatively associated with the guide tab and the indicator unit to urge movement of the indicator unit between the first and second positions. 7. The locking adjustment device of claim 5, wherein the indicator unit is slidably received in a slot arranged on the surface of the knob. 8. The locking adjustment device of claim 3, further comprising:
an indicator unit coupled to the guide tab and visible on a surface of the knob; and a biasing element operatively associated with the guide tab and the indicator unit to urge movement of the indicator unit, wherein the indicator unit is configured to move between a first position when the guide tab is aligned with the notch, a second position when the guide tab is positioned along the curved slide surface away from the notch, and a third position when the guide tab is positioned along the second curved slide surface. 9. The locking adjustment device of claim 1, wherein the aiming device includes a housing and the locking adjustment device further comprises:
a spindle mounted to the housing for rotation about the axis; and a threaded plunger extending within the housing of the aiming device and threadably coupled to the spindle, wherein rotation of the core about the axis causes movement of the threaded plunger along the axis. 10. The locking adjustment device of claim 9, wherein the guideway is formed along a substantially circular guide ring. 11. The locking adjustment device of claim 10, further comprising a retaining ring surrounding the adjustment core for securing the adjustment core to the housing, wherein the guide ring is press fit to the retaining ring. | 3,600 |
349,454 | 16,807,031 | 3,641 | A clip includes a clip portion, a neck, and a hook portion. In some embodiments, the clip portion includes a base arranged at the bottom side and having at least one tooth projecting from it, at least one clip arm connected to the base at a proximal end and having an opposite distal end spaced from the base and extending toward the rear end. A neck is connected to the clip portion and extends toward the front end. A hook portion is connected to the neck opposite the clip portion. | 1. A clip including a front end positioned opposite from a rear end and a top side positioned opposite from a bottom side, the clip comprising:
a clip portion comprising:
a base arranged at the bottom side and having at least one tooth projecting therefrom; and
at least one clip arm connected to the base at a proximal end, and having an opposite distal end spaced from the base and extending toward the rear end;
a neck connected to the clip portion that extends toward the front end; and a hook portion connected to the neck opposite the clip portion. 2. The clip of claim 1, wherein the at least one tooth projects into a space between the at least one clip arm and the base. 3. The clip of claim 2, wherein the at least one tooth projects in a direction both topwardly and frontwardly. 4. The clip of claim 1, wherein the base and the neck are coplanar. 5. The clip of claim 1, wherein the base has a rectangular shape. 6. The clip of claim 1, wherein the clip portion includes two clip arms. 7. The clip of claim 6, wherein a left clip arm is positioned on a left side of the clip portion and a right clip arm is positioned on a right side of the clip portion. 8. The clip of claim 7, wherein the left clip arm is spaced from the right clip arm. 9. The clip of claim 8, wherein the clip portion includes four teeth projecting from the base, wherein two of the said four teeth are positioned beneath the left clip arm, and the other two of the said four teeth are positioned below the right clip arm. 10. The clip of claim 1, wherein the clip arm is bent at an angle in a direction extending towards the rear end of the clip portion. 11. The clip of claim 10, wherein the portion of the clip arm between the base and the bend defines a proximal portion, and wherein the portion of the clip arm between the distal end and the bend defines a distal portion, wherein said distal portion is oriented such that the distal portion is located closer to the base than the bend. 12. The clip of claim 1, wherein the hook portion includes an upwardly extending arm. 13. The clip of claim 12, wherein the hook portion includes an upper rearwardly extending arm connected to the upwardly extending arm at a corner. 14. The clip of claim 13, wherein the hook portion includes at least one wing set. 15. The clip of claim 14, wherein the at least one wing set is connected to the upwardly extending arm and curved in a direction away from the clip portion. 16. The clip of claim 15, wherein further comprising a second wing set connected to the rearwardly extending arm and curved in an upward direction away from the neck portion. | A clip includes a clip portion, a neck, and a hook portion. In some embodiments, the clip portion includes a base arranged at the bottom side and having at least one tooth projecting from it, at least one clip arm connected to the base at a proximal end and having an opposite distal end spaced from the base and extending toward the rear end. A neck is connected to the clip portion and extends toward the front end. A hook portion is connected to the neck opposite the clip portion.1. A clip including a front end positioned opposite from a rear end and a top side positioned opposite from a bottom side, the clip comprising:
a clip portion comprising:
a base arranged at the bottom side and having at least one tooth projecting therefrom; and
at least one clip arm connected to the base at a proximal end, and having an opposite distal end spaced from the base and extending toward the rear end;
a neck connected to the clip portion that extends toward the front end; and a hook portion connected to the neck opposite the clip portion. 2. The clip of claim 1, wherein the at least one tooth projects into a space between the at least one clip arm and the base. 3. The clip of claim 2, wherein the at least one tooth projects in a direction both topwardly and frontwardly. 4. The clip of claim 1, wherein the base and the neck are coplanar. 5. The clip of claim 1, wherein the base has a rectangular shape. 6. The clip of claim 1, wherein the clip portion includes two clip arms. 7. The clip of claim 6, wherein a left clip arm is positioned on a left side of the clip portion and a right clip arm is positioned on a right side of the clip portion. 8. The clip of claim 7, wherein the left clip arm is spaced from the right clip arm. 9. The clip of claim 8, wherein the clip portion includes four teeth projecting from the base, wherein two of the said four teeth are positioned beneath the left clip arm, and the other two of the said four teeth are positioned below the right clip arm. 10. The clip of claim 1, wherein the clip arm is bent at an angle in a direction extending towards the rear end of the clip portion. 11. The clip of claim 10, wherein the portion of the clip arm between the base and the bend defines a proximal portion, and wherein the portion of the clip arm between the distal end and the bend defines a distal portion, wherein said distal portion is oriented such that the distal portion is located closer to the base than the bend. 12. The clip of claim 1, wherein the hook portion includes an upwardly extending arm. 13. The clip of claim 12, wherein the hook portion includes an upper rearwardly extending arm connected to the upwardly extending arm at a corner. 14. The clip of claim 13, wherein the hook portion includes at least one wing set. 15. The clip of claim 14, wherein the at least one wing set is connected to the upwardly extending arm and curved in a direction away from the clip portion. 16. The clip of claim 15, wherein further comprising a second wing set connected to the rearwardly extending arm and curved in an upward direction away from the neck portion. | 3,600 |
349,455 | 16,807,047 | 3,747 | A rotational combustion engine that generates force from the reciprocal motion and centripetal motion of one or more pistons that is then converted into rotational motion of a first cam and second cam wherein the cams are separated by a 2-3 degree horizontal offset and an angle of 60 degrees as well as camshaft assembly and driving shaft to provide power to an entity such as an automobile. | 1. A machine comprising:
a first cam arranged at an angle on the vertical plane; a connector attached to the first cam; a second cam attached to the connector arranged at an angle on the vertical plane at a horizontal offset compared to the first cam, the first cam and the second cam configured to rotate in unison; one or more cylinders with an intake valve and an exhaust valve, the one or more cylinders attached to the first cam; and a piston attached to and movable within each cylinder of the one or more cylinders, the pistons configured to move as the first and the second cam rotate. 2. The machine of claim 1, wherein the horizontal offset is a 2 to 3-degree horizontal offset. 3. The machine of claim 2, wherein there is an acute angle between the first cam and the second cam. 4. The machine of claim 1 further comprising: a driving shaft mounted for rotation about an axis connected to the second cam wherein the driving shaft and the second cam are configured to rotate in unison. 5. The machine of claim 4, wherein the connector is a ball and socket fastener. 6. The machine of claim 5, wherein the pistons each have a connecting rod, the connecting rods having one or more rod connectors connected to the second cam. 7. The machine of claim 6, wherein the first cam has a plurality of apertures wherein the one or more cylinders are positioned within the plurality of apertures. 8. The machine of claim 7, wherein the first cam is connected to a first gear mounted to the center of first cam, the first gear configured to move in unison with the first cam. 9. The machine of claim 8, the first gear connected to a plurality of second gears, the second gears connected to a plurality of inlet camshafts and outlet camshafts configured to control the opening and closing of inlet valves and exhaust valves, the inlet valves and the exhaust valves connected to each of the cylinders of the one or more cylinders. 10. The machine of claim 9, the plurality of inlet camshafts and outlet camshafts having one or more lobes wherein when the plurality of inlet camshafts and outlet camshafts spin, the lobes are configured to open and close the plurality of intake valves and exhaust valves in time with the motion of the pistons. 11. The machine of claim 10, wherein there are four cylinders. 12. A machine comprising:
a first cam arranged at an angle on the vertical plane; a second cam arranged at an angle on the vertical plane at a horizontal offset compared to the first cam, the first cam and the second cam configured to rotate in unison; a middle component with a first and second intermediate cams and one or more combustion chambers; a first set of cylinders, the first set of cylinders connected to a first intermediate cam; a second set of cylinders, the second set of cylinders connected to a second intermediate cam, the first set of cylinders and the second set of cylinders coaxial to each other; a first set of pistons movable within the first set of cylinders; and a second set of pistons movable within the second set of cylinders; the second set of pistons in opposing direction to the first set of pistons, the first set of pistons and the second set of pistons configured to move as the first cam and the second cam rotate; wherein a volume enclosed within one of the combustion chambers is between one of the pistons in the first set of pistons and one of the pistons in the second set of pistons, the one or more combustion chambers each connected to an intake port and an exhaust port. 13. The machine of claim 12, wherein the horizontal offset is a 2 to 3-degree horizontal offset, wherein there is an acute angle between the first cam and the second cam. 14. The machine of claim 12 further comprising: a first and second driving shaft mounted for rotation about an axis extending connected to the first cam and the second cam wherein the driving shafts, the first cam, and the second cam are configured to rotate in unison. 15. The machine of claim 14, wherein the first set of pistons and the second set of pistons each have a connecting rod, the connecting rods having one or more rod connectors connected to the first cam and the second cam, respectively. 16. The machine of claim 14, wherein the first and the second intermediate cams have a plurality of apertures wherein the cylinders are positioned within the plurality of apertures. 17. The machine of claim 12, wherein there are four cylinders in each set of cylinders. 18. A machine comprising:
a first cam arranged at an angle on the vertical plane; a connector attached to the first cam; a second cam attached to the connector arranged at an angle on the vertical plane at a horizontal offset compared to the first cam, the first cam and the second cam configured to rotate in unison; one or more cylinders with an intake valve and an exhaust valve, the one or more cylinders attached to the first cam or the second cam; and a piston attached to and movable within each cylinder, the pistons configured to move as the first and the second cam rotate. 19. The machine of claim 18, wherein the pistons each have a connecting rod, the connecting rods having one or more rod connectors connected to the first or the second cam. 20. The machine of claim 19 further comprising: a driving shaft, the driving shaft mounted for rotation about an axis connected to the second cam wherein the driving shaft and the second cam are configured to rotate in unison, the driving shaft configured to develop a rotating magnetic field that generates current in armature winding located in a stator. | A rotational combustion engine that generates force from the reciprocal motion and centripetal motion of one or more pistons that is then converted into rotational motion of a first cam and second cam wherein the cams are separated by a 2-3 degree horizontal offset and an angle of 60 degrees as well as camshaft assembly and driving shaft to provide power to an entity such as an automobile.1. A machine comprising:
a first cam arranged at an angle on the vertical plane; a connector attached to the first cam; a second cam attached to the connector arranged at an angle on the vertical plane at a horizontal offset compared to the first cam, the first cam and the second cam configured to rotate in unison; one or more cylinders with an intake valve and an exhaust valve, the one or more cylinders attached to the first cam; and a piston attached to and movable within each cylinder of the one or more cylinders, the pistons configured to move as the first and the second cam rotate. 2. The machine of claim 1, wherein the horizontal offset is a 2 to 3-degree horizontal offset. 3. The machine of claim 2, wherein there is an acute angle between the first cam and the second cam. 4. The machine of claim 1 further comprising: a driving shaft mounted for rotation about an axis connected to the second cam wherein the driving shaft and the second cam are configured to rotate in unison. 5. The machine of claim 4, wherein the connector is a ball and socket fastener. 6. The machine of claim 5, wherein the pistons each have a connecting rod, the connecting rods having one or more rod connectors connected to the second cam. 7. The machine of claim 6, wherein the first cam has a plurality of apertures wherein the one or more cylinders are positioned within the plurality of apertures. 8. The machine of claim 7, wherein the first cam is connected to a first gear mounted to the center of first cam, the first gear configured to move in unison with the first cam. 9. The machine of claim 8, the first gear connected to a plurality of second gears, the second gears connected to a plurality of inlet camshafts and outlet camshafts configured to control the opening and closing of inlet valves and exhaust valves, the inlet valves and the exhaust valves connected to each of the cylinders of the one or more cylinders. 10. The machine of claim 9, the plurality of inlet camshafts and outlet camshafts having one or more lobes wherein when the plurality of inlet camshafts and outlet camshafts spin, the lobes are configured to open and close the plurality of intake valves and exhaust valves in time with the motion of the pistons. 11. The machine of claim 10, wherein there are four cylinders. 12. A machine comprising:
a first cam arranged at an angle on the vertical plane; a second cam arranged at an angle on the vertical plane at a horizontal offset compared to the first cam, the first cam and the second cam configured to rotate in unison; a middle component with a first and second intermediate cams and one or more combustion chambers; a first set of cylinders, the first set of cylinders connected to a first intermediate cam; a second set of cylinders, the second set of cylinders connected to a second intermediate cam, the first set of cylinders and the second set of cylinders coaxial to each other; a first set of pistons movable within the first set of cylinders; and a second set of pistons movable within the second set of cylinders; the second set of pistons in opposing direction to the first set of pistons, the first set of pistons and the second set of pistons configured to move as the first cam and the second cam rotate; wherein a volume enclosed within one of the combustion chambers is between one of the pistons in the first set of pistons and one of the pistons in the second set of pistons, the one or more combustion chambers each connected to an intake port and an exhaust port. 13. The machine of claim 12, wherein the horizontal offset is a 2 to 3-degree horizontal offset, wherein there is an acute angle between the first cam and the second cam. 14. The machine of claim 12 further comprising: a first and second driving shaft mounted for rotation about an axis extending connected to the first cam and the second cam wherein the driving shafts, the first cam, and the second cam are configured to rotate in unison. 15. The machine of claim 14, wherein the first set of pistons and the second set of pistons each have a connecting rod, the connecting rods having one or more rod connectors connected to the first cam and the second cam, respectively. 16. The machine of claim 14, wherein the first and the second intermediate cams have a plurality of apertures wherein the cylinders are positioned within the plurality of apertures. 17. The machine of claim 12, wherein there are four cylinders in each set of cylinders. 18. A machine comprising:
a first cam arranged at an angle on the vertical plane; a connector attached to the first cam; a second cam attached to the connector arranged at an angle on the vertical plane at a horizontal offset compared to the first cam, the first cam and the second cam configured to rotate in unison; one or more cylinders with an intake valve and an exhaust valve, the one or more cylinders attached to the first cam or the second cam; and a piston attached to and movable within each cylinder, the pistons configured to move as the first and the second cam rotate. 19. The machine of claim 18, wherein the pistons each have a connecting rod, the connecting rods having one or more rod connectors connected to the first or the second cam. 20. The machine of claim 19 further comprising: a driving shaft, the driving shaft mounted for rotation about an axis connected to the second cam wherein the driving shaft and the second cam are configured to rotate in unison, the driving shaft configured to develop a rotating magnetic field that generates current in armature winding located in a stator. | 3,700 |
349,456 | 16,807,061 | 3,747 | A memory sub-system configured to iterative calibrate read voltages, where higher read voltages are calibrated based on the calibration results of lower read voltages. For example, a memory device initially determines first read voltages of a group of memory cells. The memory device calculates a second read voltage optimized to read the group of memory cells according to first signal and noise characteristics measured based on at least one of the first read voltages. A third read voltage is estimated based on an offset of the second read voltage from a corresponding voltage among the first read voltages. Second signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells are measured based on the third read voltage. The memory device then calculates a fourth read voltage optimized to read the group of memory cells according to the second signal and noise characteristics. | 1-2. (canceled) 3. The method of claim 8, wherein the measuring of the second signal and noise characteristics includes:
determining test voltages based on the third read voltage; and reading states of the group of the memory cells at the test voltages. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the second signal and noise characteristics include counts of memory cells in the group having a predetermined state when the test voltages are applied to read the memory cells in the group. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the second signal and noise characteristics include differences among the counts. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the fourth read voltage is calculated to be at a local minimal of a distribution of the differences. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the further voltage among the first read voltages is higher than the corresponding voltage among the first read voltages for the second read voltage. 8. A method, comprising:
determining first read voltages of a group of memory cells in a memory device; measuring first signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells based on at least one of the first read voltages; calculating a second read voltage optimized to read the group of memory cells according to the first signal and noise characteristics, wherein the first read voltages include a first subset having voltages that are no higher than a corresponding voltage among the first read voltages for the second read voltage; determining optimized read voltages corresponding to voltages in the first subset through measuring signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells, the optimized read voltages including the second read voltage; calculating offsets between the optimized read voltages and the voltages in the first subset respectively; estimating an offset from a further voltage among the first read voltages based on the offsets between the optimized read voltages and the voltages in the first subset respectively; estimating a third read voltage based on the further voltage and the offset; measuring second signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells based on the third read voltage; and calculating a fourth read voltage optimized to read the group of memory cells according to the second signal and noise characteristics. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the determining of the optimized read voltages and calculating of the fourth read voltage optimized to read the group of memory cells are in response to a read command from a controller of a memory sub-system to the memory device. 10. (canceled) 11. The memory sub-system of claim 13, wherein the processing device is configured to identify the first read voltages of the group of memory cells for the command; and the memory device is configured to determine the second read voltages calibrated for the first read voltages respectively in response to the command. 12. (canceled) 13. A memory sub-system, comprising:
a processing device; and at least one memory device, the memory device having:
a group of memory cells formed on an integrated circuit die; and
a calibration circuit configured to measure signal and noise characteristics of memory cells in the memory device;
wherein in response to a command from the processing device, the calibration circuit is configured to iteratively calibrate a plurality of read voltages of the group of memory cells; wherein each respective read voltage among the read voltages that is higher than at least one of the plurality of read voltages is calibrated based on a calibrated subset of read voltages determined via measuring signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells; wherein the calibration circuit is configured to determine second read voltages calibrated respectively for first read voltages identified for the group of memory cells; wherein the calibration circuit is configured to calculate each of the second read voltages that is higher than at least one in the second read voltages using signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells measured by reading the group of memory cells using test voltages in vicinity of an estimate of an optimized read voltage of the group of memory cells; and wherein the calibration circuit is configured to determine the estimate of the optimized read voltage based on a corresponding one in the first read voltages and an estimated offset calculated based on one or more measured offsets between one or more of the first read voltages and corresponding one or more of the second read voltages. 14. The memory sub-system of claim 13, wherein the one or more of the first read voltages for which the one or more measured offsets are measured and used to calculate the estimated offset are lower than the corresponding one in the first read voltages based on which the estimate of the optimized read voltage is determined. 15. The memory sub-system of claim 13, wherein the estimated offset is calculated based on a model of read voltage shift resulting from data retention effects. 16. The memory sub-system of claim 15, wherein the data retention effects include Quick Charge Loss (QCL), or Storage Charge Loss (SCL), or any combination thereof. 17. A memory device, comprising:
a plurality of groups of memory cells formed on an integrated circuit die; and a calibration circuit configured to measure signal and noise characteristics of memory cells in the memory device; wherein in response to a read command received in the memory device, the calibration circuit is configured to iteratively calibrate a plurality of read voltages of the group of memory cells; wherein the calibration circuit is configured to calibrate each respective read voltage among the plurality of read voltages that is higher than at least one of the plurality of read voltages, based on at least one calibrated read voltage of the at least one of the plurality of read voltages; wherein the calibration circuit is configured to calculate a calibrated read voltage corresponding to the respective read voltage to be calibrated by measuring signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells at test voltages in vicinity of an estimate of the calibrated read voltage; and wherein the calibration circuit is configured to determine an estimated offset from the respective read voltage to be calibrated based on at least one offset between the at least one calibrated read voltage and the at least one of the plurality of read voltages, the estimated of the calibrated read voltage being at the estimate offset way from the respective read voltage to be calibrated. 18. The memory device of claim 17, wherein the calibration circuit is configured to determine the estimated offset based on a model of data retention effects. 19. The memory device of claim 18, wherein the effects include Quick Charge Loss (QCL), or Storage Charge Loss (SCL), or any combination thereof. 20. The memory device of claim 18, further comprising:
an integrated circuit package enclosing the memory device. | A memory sub-system configured to iterative calibrate read voltages, where higher read voltages are calibrated based on the calibration results of lower read voltages. For example, a memory device initially determines first read voltages of a group of memory cells. The memory device calculates a second read voltage optimized to read the group of memory cells according to first signal and noise characteristics measured based on at least one of the first read voltages. A third read voltage is estimated based on an offset of the second read voltage from a corresponding voltage among the first read voltages. Second signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells are measured based on the third read voltage. The memory device then calculates a fourth read voltage optimized to read the group of memory cells according to the second signal and noise characteristics.1-2. (canceled) 3. The method of claim 8, wherein the measuring of the second signal and noise characteristics includes:
determining test voltages based on the third read voltage; and reading states of the group of the memory cells at the test voltages. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the second signal and noise characteristics include counts of memory cells in the group having a predetermined state when the test voltages are applied to read the memory cells in the group. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the second signal and noise characteristics include differences among the counts. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the fourth read voltage is calculated to be at a local minimal of a distribution of the differences. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the further voltage among the first read voltages is higher than the corresponding voltage among the first read voltages for the second read voltage. 8. A method, comprising:
determining first read voltages of a group of memory cells in a memory device; measuring first signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells based on at least one of the first read voltages; calculating a second read voltage optimized to read the group of memory cells according to the first signal and noise characteristics, wherein the first read voltages include a first subset having voltages that are no higher than a corresponding voltage among the first read voltages for the second read voltage; determining optimized read voltages corresponding to voltages in the first subset through measuring signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells, the optimized read voltages including the second read voltage; calculating offsets between the optimized read voltages and the voltages in the first subset respectively; estimating an offset from a further voltage among the first read voltages based on the offsets between the optimized read voltages and the voltages in the first subset respectively; estimating a third read voltage based on the further voltage and the offset; measuring second signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells based on the third read voltage; and calculating a fourth read voltage optimized to read the group of memory cells according to the second signal and noise characteristics. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the determining of the optimized read voltages and calculating of the fourth read voltage optimized to read the group of memory cells are in response to a read command from a controller of a memory sub-system to the memory device. 10. (canceled) 11. The memory sub-system of claim 13, wherein the processing device is configured to identify the first read voltages of the group of memory cells for the command; and the memory device is configured to determine the second read voltages calibrated for the first read voltages respectively in response to the command. 12. (canceled) 13. A memory sub-system, comprising:
a processing device; and at least one memory device, the memory device having:
a group of memory cells formed on an integrated circuit die; and
a calibration circuit configured to measure signal and noise characteristics of memory cells in the memory device;
wherein in response to a command from the processing device, the calibration circuit is configured to iteratively calibrate a plurality of read voltages of the group of memory cells; wherein each respective read voltage among the read voltages that is higher than at least one of the plurality of read voltages is calibrated based on a calibrated subset of read voltages determined via measuring signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells; wherein the calibration circuit is configured to determine second read voltages calibrated respectively for first read voltages identified for the group of memory cells; wherein the calibration circuit is configured to calculate each of the second read voltages that is higher than at least one in the second read voltages using signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells measured by reading the group of memory cells using test voltages in vicinity of an estimate of an optimized read voltage of the group of memory cells; and wherein the calibration circuit is configured to determine the estimate of the optimized read voltage based on a corresponding one in the first read voltages and an estimated offset calculated based on one or more measured offsets between one or more of the first read voltages and corresponding one or more of the second read voltages. 14. The memory sub-system of claim 13, wherein the one or more of the first read voltages for which the one or more measured offsets are measured and used to calculate the estimated offset are lower than the corresponding one in the first read voltages based on which the estimate of the optimized read voltage is determined. 15. The memory sub-system of claim 13, wherein the estimated offset is calculated based on a model of read voltage shift resulting from data retention effects. 16. The memory sub-system of claim 15, wherein the data retention effects include Quick Charge Loss (QCL), or Storage Charge Loss (SCL), or any combination thereof. 17. A memory device, comprising:
a plurality of groups of memory cells formed on an integrated circuit die; and a calibration circuit configured to measure signal and noise characteristics of memory cells in the memory device; wherein in response to a read command received in the memory device, the calibration circuit is configured to iteratively calibrate a plurality of read voltages of the group of memory cells; wherein the calibration circuit is configured to calibrate each respective read voltage among the plurality of read voltages that is higher than at least one of the plurality of read voltages, based on at least one calibrated read voltage of the at least one of the plurality of read voltages; wherein the calibration circuit is configured to calculate a calibrated read voltage corresponding to the respective read voltage to be calibrated by measuring signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells at test voltages in vicinity of an estimate of the calibrated read voltage; and wherein the calibration circuit is configured to determine an estimated offset from the respective read voltage to be calibrated based on at least one offset between the at least one calibrated read voltage and the at least one of the plurality of read voltages, the estimated of the calibrated read voltage being at the estimate offset way from the respective read voltage to be calibrated. 18. The memory device of claim 17, wherein the calibration circuit is configured to determine the estimated offset based on a model of data retention effects. 19. The memory device of claim 18, wherein the effects include Quick Charge Loss (QCL), or Storage Charge Loss (SCL), or any combination thereof. 20. The memory device of claim 18, further comprising:
an integrated circuit package enclosing the memory device. | 3,700 |
349,457 | 16,807,029 | 3,747 | A human-computer interface system having an exoskeleton including a plurality of structural members coupled to one another by at least one articulation configured to apply a force to a body segment of a user, the exoskeleton comprising a body-borne portion and a point-of-use portion; the body-borne portion configured to be operatively coupled to the point-of-use portion; and at least one locomotor module including at least one actuator configured to actuate the at least one articulation, the at least one actuator being in operative communication with the exoskeleton. | 1. A human-computer interface system comprising:
an interface laminate, wherein said interface laminate comprises:
an elastic membrane;
a flexible substrate material bonded to the elastic membrane;
a plurality of fluidic tactile actuators formed from the flexible substrate material; and
a fluidic distribution laminate comprising:
a plurality of channels configured to couple said plurality of fluidic tactile actuators to a pressurized working fluid; and
a fluidic connector; and
a plurality of control valves operably coupled to the plurality of fluidic tactile actuators and configured to affect flow of the pressurized working fluid. 2. The human-computer interface system of claim 1 wherein the elastic membrane is bonded to the flexible substrate material by means of plasma-activated bonding. 3. The human-computer interface system of claim 1 including a member configured to prevent substantial deformation of the interface laminate when a force is applied to an interior of the interface laminate. 4. The human-computer interface system of claim 1 further comprising a selector valve coupled to the plurality of fluidic tactile actuators, wherein the selector valve is configured to sequentially couple the plurality of fluidic tactile actuators to at least one of the plurality of control valves. 5. The human-computer interface system of claim 4 wherein said plurality of fluidic tactile actuators are organized into a first group and a second group; and
wherein said selector valve is configured to sequentially couple said first group and said second group to said at least one of the plurality of control valves. 6. The human-computer interface system of claim 1 wherein at least one of the plurality of control valves is coupled to at least one of: a force sensor and a pressure sensor. 7. The human-computer interface system of claim 1 wherein at least one of the plurality of fluidic tactile actuators comprises a first chamber fluidically coupled to a second chamber. 8. The human-computer interface system of claim 7 wherein the second chamber is located between the first chamber and skin of a user in contact with the human-computer interface system. 9. The human-computer interface system of claim 1 wherein the distance from the center of a first of the plurality of fluidic tactile actuators to the center of a second of the plurality of fluidic tactile actuators is less than or equal to a two-point discrimination threshold of a body segment of a user in contact with the human-computer interface system. 10. The human-computer interface system of claim 1 wherein the fluidic distribution laminate comprises a first layer of channels and a second layer of channels. 11. The human-computer interface system of claim 1 wherein the fluidic connector includes a first face having a first orifice and a second face having a second orifice, wherein an operable fluidic coupling is formed between the first orifice and the second orifice when the first face and the second face are brought into contact. 12. The human-computer interface system of claim 1 wherein the pressurized working fluid is a gas. 13. The human-computer interface system of claim 12 wherein the fluidic distribution laminate has a maximum operating pressure of at least 0.2 MPa. 14. The human-computer interface system of claim 1 wherein the pressurized working fluid is coupled to a pressure limiter. 15. The human-computer interface system of claim 1 wherein the interface laminate comprises a thermal actuator. 16. The human-computer interface system of claim 15 wherein said thermal actuator is a fluidic thermal actuator. | A human-computer interface system having an exoskeleton including a plurality of structural members coupled to one another by at least one articulation configured to apply a force to a body segment of a user, the exoskeleton comprising a body-borne portion and a point-of-use portion; the body-borne portion configured to be operatively coupled to the point-of-use portion; and at least one locomotor module including at least one actuator configured to actuate the at least one articulation, the at least one actuator being in operative communication with the exoskeleton.1. A human-computer interface system comprising:
an interface laminate, wherein said interface laminate comprises:
an elastic membrane;
a flexible substrate material bonded to the elastic membrane;
a plurality of fluidic tactile actuators formed from the flexible substrate material; and
a fluidic distribution laminate comprising:
a plurality of channels configured to couple said plurality of fluidic tactile actuators to a pressurized working fluid; and
a fluidic connector; and
a plurality of control valves operably coupled to the plurality of fluidic tactile actuators and configured to affect flow of the pressurized working fluid. 2. The human-computer interface system of claim 1 wherein the elastic membrane is bonded to the flexible substrate material by means of plasma-activated bonding. 3. The human-computer interface system of claim 1 including a member configured to prevent substantial deformation of the interface laminate when a force is applied to an interior of the interface laminate. 4. The human-computer interface system of claim 1 further comprising a selector valve coupled to the plurality of fluidic tactile actuators, wherein the selector valve is configured to sequentially couple the plurality of fluidic tactile actuators to at least one of the plurality of control valves. 5. The human-computer interface system of claim 4 wherein said plurality of fluidic tactile actuators are organized into a first group and a second group; and
wherein said selector valve is configured to sequentially couple said first group and said second group to said at least one of the plurality of control valves. 6. The human-computer interface system of claim 1 wherein at least one of the plurality of control valves is coupled to at least one of: a force sensor and a pressure sensor. 7. The human-computer interface system of claim 1 wherein at least one of the plurality of fluidic tactile actuators comprises a first chamber fluidically coupled to a second chamber. 8. The human-computer interface system of claim 7 wherein the second chamber is located between the first chamber and skin of a user in contact with the human-computer interface system. 9. The human-computer interface system of claim 1 wherein the distance from the center of a first of the plurality of fluidic tactile actuators to the center of a second of the plurality of fluidic tactile actuators is less than or equal to a two-point discrimination threshold of a body segment of a user in contact with the human-computer interface system. 10. The human-computer interface system of claim 1 wherein the fluidic distribution laminate comprises a first layer of channels and a second layer of channels. 11. The human-computer interface system of claim 1 wherein the fluidic connector includes a first face having a first orifice and a second face having a second orifice, wherein an operable fluidic coupling is formed between the first orifice and the second orifice when the first face and the second face are brought into contact. 12. The human-computer interface system of claim 1 wherein the pressurized working fluid is a gas. 13. The human-computer interface system of claim 12 wherein the fluidic distribution laminate has a maximum operating pressure of at least 0.2 MPa. 14. The human-computer interface system of claim 1 wherein the pressurized working fluid is coupled to a pressure limiter. 15. The human-computer interface system of claim 1 wherein the interface laminate comprises a thermal actuator. 16. The human-computer interface system of claim 15 wherein said thermal actuator is a fluidic thermal actuator. | 3,700 |
349,458 | 16,806,959 | 3,747 | The present application provides a facial data collection and verification solution. In this solution, after collecting a face sample, a collection device uses the face sample and check data including a random number as to-be-signed data, performs signature by using a device private key, to obtain a facial data signature, and then obtains trusted facial data based on the to-be-signed data, the facial data signature, and a digital certificate that includes a device public key. When performing verification on the trusted facial data, a facial recognition server sequentially performs verification on the digital certificate that includes the device public key, the facial data signature, and the check data. Because content used for the verification process is added for the face sample on the collection device, subsequent verification cannot succeed if a transmitted communication packet is replaced by an attacker. Therefore, a replay attack is prevented at the collection source. | 1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
obtaining, by a collection device, a random number that is generated by a facial recognition server responsive to a request initiated by a user, wherein the random number corresponds to current facial data collection and is stored on the facial recognition server; obtaining, by the collection device from a local service terminal, a collection invoking instruction corresponding to the current facial data collection, wherein the collection invoking instruction is generated by the local service terminal after the local service terminal obtains a facial recognition service request initiated by the user, and wherein the local service terminal performs facial verification and facial registration; collecting, by the collection device, a face sample of the user based on the collection invoking instruction; generating, based on the face sample of the user, a first set of data, wherein the first set of data comprises a device identifier corresponding to the collection device and the random number; encrypting, by the collection device using a device private key allocated to the collection device, the first set of data to generate a facial data signature; generating, by the collection device, a digital certificate, wherein the digital certificate comprises a device public key allocated to the collection device, the first set of data, and a digital signature, wherein the digital signature is generated by encrypting the first set of data using a private key of a trusted management server; generating, by the collection device, trusted facial data, wherein the trusted facial data comprises the first set of data, the facial data signature, and the digital certificate; and providing the trusted facial data to the facial recognition server, wherein the facial recognition server performs verification on the trusted facial data. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein collecting the face sample comprises:
collecting, by the collection device, one or more original face samples; and performing, by the collection device, at least one of quality assessment and liveness detection on the one or more original face samples, and using an original sample of the one or more original face samples that satisfies at least one of the quality assessment and the liveness detection as the face sample. 3. (canceled) 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the random number is generated by the facial recognition server, and the local service terminal requests to obtain the random number from the facial recognition server after the local service terminal obtains the facial recognition service request initiated by the user. 5. (canceled) 6. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
obtaining, by a collection device, a random number that is generated by a facial recognition server responsive to a request initiated by a user, wherein the random number corresponds to current facial data collection and is stored on the facial recognition server; obtaining, by the collection device from a local service terminal, a collection invoking instruction corresponding to the current facial data collection, wherein the collection invoking instruction is generated by the local service terminal after the local service terminal obtains a facial recognition service request initiated by the user, and wherein the local service terminal performs facial verification and facial registration; collecting, by the collection device, a face sample of the user based on the collection invoking instruction; generating, based on the face sample of the user, a first set of data, wherein the first set of data comprises a device identifier corresponding to the collection device and the random number; encrypting, by the collection device using a device private key allocated to the collection device, the first set of data to generate a facial data signature; generating, by the collection device, a digital certificate, wherein the digital certificate comprises a device public key allocated to the collection device, the first set of data, and a digital signature, wherein the digital signature is generated by encrypting the first set of data using a private key of a trusted management server; generating, by the collection device, trusted facial data, wherein the trusted facial data comprises the first set of data, the facial data signature, and the digital certificate; and providing the trusted facial data to the facial recognition server, wherein the facial recognition server performs verification on the trusted facial data. 7. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 6, wherein collecting the face sample comprises:
collecting, by the collection device, one or more original face samples; and performing, by the collection device, at least one of quality assessment and liveness detection on the one or more original face samples, and using an original sample of the one or more original face samples that satisfies at least one of the quality assessment and the liveness detection as the face sample. 8. (canceled) 9. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 6, wherein the random number is generated by the facial recognition server, and the local service terminal requests to obtain the random number from the facial recognition server after the local service terminal obtains the facial recognition service request initiated by the user. 10. (canceled) 11. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising: obtaining, by a collection device, a random number that is generated by a facial recognition server responsive to a request initiated by a user, wherein the random number corresponds to current facial data collection and is stored on the facial recognition server; obtaining, by the collection device from a local service terminal, a collection invoking instruction corresponding to the current facial data collection, wherein the collection invoking instruction is generated by the local service terminal after the local service terminal obtains a facial recognition service request initiated by the user, and wherein the local service terminal performs facial verification and facial registration; collecting, by the collection device, a face sample of the user based on the collection invoking instruction; generating, based on the face sample of the user, a first set of data, wherein the first set of data comprises a device identifier corresponding to the collection device and the random number; encrypting, by the collection device using a device private key allocated to the collection device, the first set of data to generate a facial data signature; generating, by the collection device, a digital certificate, wherein the digital certificate comprises a device public key allocated to the collection device, the first set of data, and a digital signature, wherein the digital signature is generated by encrypting the first set of data using a private key of a trusted management server; generating, by the collection device, trusted facial data, wherein the trusted facial data comprises the first set of data, the facial data signature, and the digital certificate; and providing the trusted facial data to the facial recognition server, wherein the facial recognition server performs verification on the trusted facial data. 12. The computer-implemented system of claim 11, wherein collecting the face sample comprises:
collecting, by the collection device, one or more original face samples; and performing, by the collection device, at least one of quality assessment and liveness detection on the one or more original face samples, and using an original sample of the one or more original face samples that satisfies at least one of the quality assessment and the liveness detection as the face sample. 13. (canceled) 14. The computer-implemented system of claim 11, wherein the random number is generated by the facial recognition server, and the local service terminal requests to obtain the random number from the facial recognition server after the local service terminal obtains the facial recognition service request initiated by the user. 15. (canceled) | The present application provides a facial data collection and verification solution. In this solution, after collecting a face sample, a collection device uses the face sample and check data including a random number as to-be-signed data, performs signature by using a device private key, to obtain a facial data signature, and then obtains trusted facial data based on the to-be-signed data, the facial data signature, and a digital certificate that includes a device public key. When performing verification on the trusted facial data, a facial recognition server sequentially performs verification on the digital certificate that includes the device public key, the facial data signature, and the check data. Because content used for the verification process is added for the face sample on the collection device, subsequent verification cannot succeed if a transmitted communication packet is replaced by an attacker. Therefore, a replay attack is prevented at the collection source.1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
obtaining, by a collection device, a random number that is generated by a facial recognition server responsive to a request initiated by a user, wherein the random number corresponds to current facial data collection and is stored on the facial recognition server; obtaining, by the collection device from a local service terminal, a collection invoking instruction corresponding to the current facial data collection, wherein the collection invoking instruction is generated by the local service terminal after the local service terminal obtains a facial recognition service request initiated by the user, and wherein the local service terminal performs facial verification and facial registration; collecting, by the collection device, a face sample of the user based on the collection invoking instruction; generating, based on the face sample of the user, a first set of data, wherein the first set of data comprises a device identifier corresponding to the collection device and the random number; encrypting, by the collection device using a device private key allocated to the collection device, the first set of data to generate a facial data signature; generating, by the collection device, a digital certificate, wherein the digital certificate comprises a device public key allocated to the collection device, the first set of data, and a digital signature, wherein the digital signature is generated by encrypting the first set of data using a private key of a trusted management server; generating, by the collection device, trusted facial data, wherein the trusted facial data comprises the first set of data, the facial data signature, and the digital certificate; and providing the trusted facial data to the facial recognition server, wherein the facial recognition server performs verification on the trusted facial data. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein collecting the face sample comprises:
collecting, by the collection device, one or more original face samples; and performing, by the collection device, at least one of quality assessment and liveness detection on the one or more original face samples, and using an original sample of the one or more original face samples that satisfies at least one of the quality assessment and the liveness detection as the face sample. 3. (canceled) 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the random number is generated by the facial recognition server, and the local service terminal requests to obtain the random number from the facial recognition server after the local service terminal obtains the facial recognition service request initiated by the user. 5. (canceled) 6. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
obtaining, by a collection device, a random number that is generated by a facial recognition server responsive to a request initiated by a user, wherein the random number corresponds to current facial data collection and is stored on the facial recognition server; obtaining, by the collection device from a local service terminal, a collection invoking instruction corresponding to the current facial data collection, wherein the collection invoking instruction is generated by the local service terminal after the local service terminal obtains a facial recognition service request initiated by the user, and wherein the local service terminal performs facial verification and facial registration; collecting, by the collection device, a face sample of the user based on the collection invoking instruction; generating, based on the face sample of the user, a first set of data, wherein the first set of data comprises a device identifier corresponding to the collection device and the random number; encrypting, by the collection device using a device private key allocated to the collection device, the first set of data to generate a facial data signature; generating, by the collection device, a digital certificate, wherein the digital certificate comprises a device public key allocated to the collection device, the first set of data, and a digital signature, wherein the digital signature is generated by encrypting the first set of data using a private key of a trusted management server; generating, by the collection device, trusted facial data, wherein the trusted facial data comprises the first set of data, the facial data signature, and the digital certificate; and providing the trusted facial data to the facial recognition server, wherein the facial recognition server performs verification on the trusted facial data. 7. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 6, wherein collecting the face sample comprises:
collecting, by the collection device, one or more original face samples; and performing, by the collection device, at least one of quality assessment and liveness detection on the one or more original face samples, and using an original sample of the one or more original face samples that satisfies at least one of the quality assessment and the liveness detection as the face sample. 8. (canceled) 9. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 6, wherein the random number is generated by the facial recognition server, and the local service terminal requests to obtain the random number from the facial recognition server after the local service terminal obtains the facial recognition service request initiated by the user. 10. (canceled) 11. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising: obtaining, by a collection device, a random number that is generated by a facial recognition server responsive to a request initiated by a user, wherein the random number corresponds to current facial data collection and is stored on the facial recognition server; obtaining, by the collection device from a local service terminal, a collection invoking instruction corresponding to the current facial data collection, wherein the collection invoking instruction is generated by the local service terminal after the local service terminal obtains a facial recognition service request initiated by the user, and wherein the local service terminal performs facial verification and facial registration; collecting, by the collection device, a face sample of the user based on the collection invoking instruction; generating, based on the face sample of the user, a first set of data, wherein the first set of data comprises a device identifier corresponding to the collection device and the random number; encrypting, by the collection device using a device private key allocated to the collection device, the first set of data to generate a facial data signature; generating, by the collection device, a digital certificate, wherein the digital certificate comprises a device public key allocated to the collection device, the first set of data, and a digital signature, wherein the digital signature is generated by encrypting the first set of data using a private key of a trusted management server; generating, by the collection device, trusted facial data, wherein the trusted facial data comprises the first set of data, the facial data signature, and the digital certificate; and providing the trusted facial data to the facial recognition server, wherein the facial recognition server performs verification on the trusted facial data. 12. The computer-implemented system of claim 11, wherein collecting the face sample comprises:
collecting, by the collection device, one or more original face samples; and performing, by the collection device, at least one of quality assessment and liveness detection on the one or more original face samples, and using an original sample of the one or more original face samples that satisfies at least one of the quality assessment and the liveness detection as the face sample. 13. (canceled) 14. The computer-implemented system of claim 11, wherein the random number is generated by the facial recognition server, and the local service terminal requests to obtain the random number from the facial recognition server after the local service terminal obtains the facial recognition service request initiated by the user. 15. (canceled) | 3,700 |
349,459 | 16,806,996 | 3,747 | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. Different periodicities may be dynamically selected when monitoring and transmitting signaling used for link management, where respective periodicities may be based on the quality of the link between devices. For instance, a first wireless device may use a first monitoring periodicity to monitor for signals transmitted from another wireless device. Upon determining that a link condition has changed (e.g., decreased or reached a threshold), the first wireless device may decrease its monitoring periodicity (and increase monitoring frequency) to detect signals transmitted by the other wireless device more frequently. In such cases, the other wireless device may likewise transmit its measurement signals more often (e.g., in accordance with a second periodicity) based on the link quality. The adjusted monitoring and transmission periodicities may provide additional occasions for the wireless device to detect signals from another device. | 1. A method for communications at a first device, comprising:
determining a configuration of an actual transmission periodicity and at least one virtual transmission periodicity used by a second device; selecting a monitoring periodicity corresponding to the actual transmission periodicity or the at least one virtual transmission periodicity based at least in part on one or more parameters; and monitoring for one or more measurement signals transmitted by the second device over a communication link in accordance with the selected monitoring periodicity. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more parameters comprise a link condition. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the link condition comprises an error rate for information transmitted over the communication link. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a link condition of the communication link between the first device and the second device. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
selecting the monitoring periodicity to correspond to the actual transmission periodicity; determining that a link condition satisfies a threshold; and adjusting the monitoring periodicity to correspond to the at least one virtual transmission periodicity based at least in part on the link condition satisfying the threshold, the at least one virtual transmission periodicity being shorter than the actual transmission periodicity. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
starting a timer based at least in part on adjusting the monitoring periodicity to correspond to the at least one virtual transmission periodicity; determining that the timer has expired; and monitoring for the one or more measurement signals transmitted from one or more other devices based at least in part on the timer expiring. 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
determining that the link condition satisfies a second threshold; and adjusting the monitoring periodicity to correspond to the actual transmission periodicity based at least in part on the link condition satisfying the second threshold. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the communication link has failed based at least in part on a link condition; establishing a connection with one or more other devices based at least in part on the failed communication link; and receiving the one or more measurement signals from the one or more other devices. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an indication that the second device is transmitting the one or more measurement signals in accordance with the at least one virtual transmission periodicity; and selecting the monitoring periodicity to correspond to the at least one virtual transmission periodicity based at least in part on the indication. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
selecting the monitoring periodicity to correspond to the at least one virtual transmission periodicity based at least in part on a link condition; and transmitting, to the second device, an indication that the monitoring periodicity corresponds to the at least one virtual transmission periodicity. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
operating in a first monitoring mode associated with the actual transmission periodicity; and operating in a second monitoring mode associated with the at least one virtual transmission periodicity. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the configuration of the actual transmission periodicity and the at least one virtual transmission periodicity comprises:
receiving an indication of the configuration via radio resource control signaling. 13. A method for communications at a first device, comprising:
determining a configuration of an actual transmission periodicity and at least one virtual transmission periodicity; selecting a transmission periodicity corresponding to the actual transmission periodicity or the at least one virtual transmission periodicity based at least in part on one or more parameters; and transmitting one or more measurement signals to a second device over a communication link in accordance with the selected transmission periodicity. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more parameters comprise a link condition. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
determining a link condition of the communication link between the first device and the second device. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
selecting the transmission periodicity to correspond to the actual transmission periodicity; determining that a link condition satisfies a threshold; and adjusting the transmission periodicity to correspond to the at least one virtual transmission periodicity based at least in part on the link condition satisfying the threshold, the at least one virtual transmission periodicity being shorter than the actual transmission periodicity. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
starting a timer based at least in part on adjusting the transmission periodicity to correspond to the at least one virtual transmission periodicity; determining that the timer has expired; and transmitting, to one or more other devices, an indication to transmit the one or more measurement signals in accordance with the at least one virtual transmission periodicity. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
determining that the link condition satisfies a second threshold; and adjusting the transmission periodicity to correspond to the actual transmission periodicity based at least in part on the link condition satisfying the second threshold. 19. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
transmitting, to one or more other devices, an indication to transmit the one or more measurement signals in accordance with the at least one virtual transmission periodicity based at least in part on a link condition. 20. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
transmitting, to one or more other devices, symbol timing information for transmitting the one or more measurement signals. 21. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
selecting the transmission periodicity to correspond to the at least one virtual transmission periodicity based at least in part on a link condition; and transmitting, to the second device, an indication that the transmission periodicity corresponds to the at least one virtual transmission periodicity. 22. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
receiving an indication that the second device is monitoring for the one or more measurement signals in accordance with the at least one virtual transmission periodicity; and selecting the transmission periodicity to correspond to the at least one virtual transmission periodicity based at least in part on the indication. 23. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
operating in a first transmission mode associated with the actual transmission periodicity; and operating in a second transmission mode associated with the at least one virtual transmission periodicity. 24. A method for communications at a first device, comprising:
transmitting one or more measurement signals to a first set of one or more devices in accordance with a transmission periodicity; receiving, from a second device, an indication to adjust the transmission periodicity to at least one virtual transmission periodicity based at least in part on one or more parameters of a communication link between the second device and a second set of one or more devices; and transmitting the one or more measurement signals to the second set of one or more devices in accordance with the at least one virtual transmission periodicity. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the one or more parameters comprise a link condition. 26. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
receiving a configuration of at least one virtual transmission periodicity used by the second device, the configuration being received prior to the indication from the second device, wherein the at least one virtual transmission periodicity is a based at least in part on the configuration. 27. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
determining a configuration of the at least one virtual transmission periodicity. 28. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
receiving, from a second device, symbol timing information; and transmitting the one or more measurement signals to the second set of one or more devices based at least in part on the symbol timing information. 29. The method of claim 24, wherein the at least one virtual transmission periodicity is shorter than the transmission periodicity. 30. An apparatus for communications at a first device, comprising:
a processor, and memory coupled to the processor, the processor and memory configured to:
determine a configuration of an actual transmission periodicity and at least one virtual transmission periodicity used by a second wireless device;
select a monitoring periodicity corresponding to the actual transmission periodicity or the at least one virtual transmission periodicity based at least in part on one or more parameters; and
monitor for one or more measurement signals transmitted by the second wireless device over a communication link in accordance with the selected monitoring periodicity. | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. Different periodicities may be dynamically selected when monitoring and transmitting signaling used for link management, where respective periodicities may be based on the quality of the link between devices. For instance, a first wireless device may use a first monitoring periodicity to monitor for signals transmitted from another wireless device. Upon determining that a link condition has changed (e.g., decreased or reached a threshold), the first wireless device may decrease its monitoring periodicity (and increase monitoring frequency) to detect signals transmitted by the other wireless device more frequently. In such cases, the other wireless device may likewise transmit its measurement signals more often (e.g., in accordance with a second periodicity) based on the link quality. The adjusted monitoring and transmission periodicities may provide additional occasions for the wireless device to detect signals from another device.1. A method for communications at a first device, comprising:
determining a configuration of an actual transmission periodicity and at least one virtual transmission periodicity used by a second device; selecting a monitoring periodicity corresponding to the actual transmission periodicity or the at least one virtual transmission periodicity based at least in part on one or more parameters; and monitoring for one or more measurement signals transmitted by the second device over a communication link in accordance with the selected monitoring periodicity. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more parameters comprise a link condition. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the link condition comprises an error rate for information transmitted over the communication link. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a link condition of the communication link between the first device and the second device. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
selecting the monitoring periodicity to correspond to the actual transmission periodicity; determining that a link condition satisfies a threshold; and adjusting the monitoring periodicity to correspond to the at least one virtual transmission periodicity based at least in part on the link condition satisfying the threshold, the at least one virtual transmission periodicity being shorter than the actual transmission periodicity. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
starting a timer based at least in part on adjusting the monitoring periodicity to correspond to the at least one virtual transmission periodicity; determining that the timer has expired; and monitoring for the one or more measurement signals transmitted from one or more other devices based at least in part on the timer expiring. 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
determining that the link condition satisfies a second threshold; and adjusting the monitoring periodicity to correspond to the actual transmission periodicity based at least in part on the link condition satisfying the second threshold. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the communication link has failed based at least in part on a link condition; establishing a connection with one or more other devices based at least in part on the failed communication link; and receiving the one or more measurement signals from the one or more other devices. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an indication that the second device is transmitting the one or more measurement signals in accordance with the at least one virtual transmission periodicity; and selecting the monitoring periodicity to correspond to the at least one virtual transmission periodicity based at least in part on the indication. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
selecting the monitoring periodicity to correspond to the at least one virtual transmission periodicity based at least in part on a link condition; and transmitting, to the second device, an indication that the monitoring periodicity corresponds to the at least one virtual transmission periodicity. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
operating in a first monitoring mode associated with the actual transmission periodicity; and operating in a second monitoring mode associated with the at least one virtual transmission periodicity. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the configuration of the actual transmission periodicity and the at least one virtual transmission periodicity comprises:
receiving an indication of the configuration via radio resource control signaling. 13. A method for communications at a first device, comprising:
determining a configuration of an actual transmission periodicity and at least one virtual transmission periodicity; selecting a transmission periodicity corresponding to the actual transmission periodicity or the at least one virtual transmission periodicity based at least in part on one or more parameters; and transmitting one or more measurement signals to a second device over a communication link in accordance with the selected transmission periodicity. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more parameters comprise a link condition. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
determining a link condition of the communication link between the first device and the second device. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
selecting the transmission periodicity to correspond to the actual transmission periodicity; determining that a link condition satisfies a threshold; and adjusting the transmission periodicity to correspond to the at least one virtual transmission periodicity based at least in part on the link condition satisfying the threshold, the at least one virtual transmission periodicity being shorter than the actual transmission periodicity. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
starting a timer based at least in part on adjusting the transmission periodicity to correspond to the at least one virtual transmission periodicity; determining that the timer has expired; and transmitting, to one or more other devices, an indication to transmit the one or more measurement signals in accordance with the at least one virtual transmission periodicity. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
determining that the link condition satisfies a second threshold; and adjusting the transmission periodicity to correspond to the actual transmission periodicity based at least in part on the link condition satisfying the second threshold. 19. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
transmitting, to one or more other devices, an indication to transmit the one or more measurement signals in accordance with the at least one virtual transmission periodicity based at least in part on a link condition. 20. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
transmitting, to one or more other devices, symbol timing information for transmitting the one or more measurement signals. 21. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
selecting the transmission periodicity to correspond to the at least one virtual transmission periodicity based at least in part on a link condition; and transmitting, to the second device, an indication that the transmission periodicity corresponds to the at least one virtual transmission periodicity. 22. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
receiving an indication that the second device is monitoring for the one or more measurement signals in accordance with the at least one virtual transmission periodicity; and selecting the transmission periodicity to correspond to the at least one virtual transmission periodicity based at least in part on the indication. 23. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
operating in a first transmission mode associated with the actual transmission periodicity; and operating in a second transmission mode associated with the at least one virtual transmission periodicity. 24. A method for communications at a first device, comprising:
transmitting one or more measurement signals to a first set of one or more devices in accordance with a transmission periodicity; receiving, from a second device, an indication to adjust the transmission periodicity to at least one virtual transmission periodicity based at least in part on one or more parameters of a communication link between the second device and a second set of one or more devices; and transmitting the one or more measurement signals to the second set of one or more devices in accordance with the at least one virtual transmission periodicity. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the one or more parameters comprise a link condition. 26. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
receiving a configuration of at least one virtual transmission periodicity used by the second device, the configuration being received prior to the indication from the second device, wherein the at least one virtual transmission periodicity is a based at least in part on the configuration. 27. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
determining a configuration of the at least one virtual transmission periodicity. 28. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
receiving, from a second device, symbol timing information; and transmitting the one or more measurement signals to the second set of one or more devices based at least in part on the symbol timing information. 29. The method of claim 24, wherein the at least one virtual transmission periodicity is shorter than the transmission periodicity. 30. An apparatus for communications at a first device, comprising:
a processor, and memory coupled to the processor, the processor and memory configured to:
determine a configuration of an actual transmission periodicity and at least one virtual transmission periodicity used by a second wireless device;
select a monitoring periodicity corresponding to the actual transmission periodicity or the at least one virtual transmission periodicity based at least in part on one or more parameters; and
monitor for one or more measurement signals transmitted by the second wireless device over a communication link in accordance with the selected monitoring periodicity. | 3,700 |
349,460 | 16,807,030 | 3,747 | A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor layer of a first conductivity type, a first semiconductor portion of a second conductivity type provided in the semiconductor layer, first and second conductive members, each having an upper end reaching an upper surface of the semiconductor layer and a lower end connected to the first semiconductor portion, and first and second insulating films covering side surfaces of the first and second conductive members, respectively. A length from the upper end to the lower end of the first conductive member is greater than a total of a length of the first conductive member, a distance between the first conductive member and the second conductive member, and a length of the second conductive member in a direction from the first conductive member toward the second conductive member that is parallel to the upper surface of the semiconductor layer. | 1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor layer of a first conductivity type; a first semiconductor portion of a second conductivity type provided in the semiconductor layer; a first conductive member having an upper end reaching an upper surface of the semiconductor layer and a lower end connected to the first semiconductor portion; a second conductive member having an upper end reaching the upper surface of the semiconductor layer and a lower end connected to the first semiconductor portion; a first insulating film covering a side surface of the first conductive member to electrically isolate the first conductive member from the semiconductor layer; and a second insulating film covering a side surface of the second conductive member to electrically isolate the first conductive member from the semiconductor layer, wherein a length from the upper end to the lower end of the first conductive member is greater than a total of a length of the first conductive member, a distance between the first conductive member and the second conductive member, and a length of the second conductive member in a direction from the first conductive member toward the second conductive member that is parallel to the upper surface of the semiconductor layer. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first contact which is provided on the semiconductor layer, is connected to the upper end of the first conductive member, and has a resistivity lower than a resistivity of the first conductive member. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein the first conductive member and the second conductive member include silicon. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein the first conductive member and the second conductive member have substantially the same shape. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 4,
wherein the shape of the first conductive member and the second conductive member is a planar shape that extends in two orthogonal directions perpendicular to said direction and a length of each of the first conductive member and the second conductive member in each of the two orthogonal directions is greater than said total of the length of the first conductive member, the distance between the first conductive member and the second conductive member, and the length of the second conductive member in said direction. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the first conductivity type is a p-type and the second conductivity type is an n-type. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the first conductivity type is an n-type and the second conductivity type is a p-type. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second semiconductor portion of the second conductivity type provided in the semiconductor layer and separated from the first semiconductor portion; a third conductive member having an upper end reaching the upper surface of the semiconductor layer and a lower end connected to the second semiconductor portion; a fourth conductive member having an upper end reaching the upper surface of the semiconductor layer and a lower end connected to the second semiconductor portion; and a wiring connected between the upper end of the second conductive member and the upper end of the third conductive member. 9. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor layer of a first conductivity type; a semiconductor portion of a second conductivity type provided in the semiconductor layer and reaching an upper surface of the semiconductor layer; and an insulating member dividing an upper portion of the semiconductor portion into a first portion and a second portion to separate the first portion and the second portion in a first direction that is parallel to the upper surface, wherein a length of the insulating member in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction and the upper surface is greater than a length of the upper portion in the first direction. 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 9, wherein the insulating portion has a planar shape that extends in the first direction and a third direction that is perpendicular to the first and second direction. 11. The semiconductor device according to claim 10, wherein a length of the insulating portion in the third direction is greater than a length of the upper portion in the third direction. 12. The semiconductor device according to claim 9,
wherein an air gap is formed in the insulating member. 13. The semiconductor device according to claim 9,
wherein the insulating member surrounds the first portion and the second portion when viewed in the second direction. 14. The semiconductor device according to claim 9, wherein the upper portion has a constricted portion with a reduced width in the first direction and the length of the insulating member in the second direction is greater than the reduced width of the upper portion in the first direction. 15. The semiconductor device according to claim 9, wherein the upper portion further includes a third portion that is below the insulating member and the third portion has a higher resistivity than that of either the first portion or the second portion. 16. The semiconductor device according to claim 9, wherein the first conductivity type is a p-type and the second conductivity type is an n-type. 17. The semiconductor device according to claim 9, wherein the first conductivity type is an n-type and the second conductivity type is a p-type. 18. The semiconductor device according to claim 9, further comprising:
another semiconductor portion of the second conductivity type provided in the semiconductor layer and reaching the upper surface of the semiconductor layer; another insulating member dividing an upper portion of said another semiconductor portion into a third portion and a fourth portion to separate the third portion and the fourth portion in the first direction; and a wiring connected between the upper end of the second portion and the upper end of the third portion. 19. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor layer of a first conductivity type; a plurality of semiconductor portions of a second conductivity type provided in the semiconductor layer, the plurality of semiconductor portions being arranged in a matrix configuration when viewed along a first direction that is perpendicular to an upper surface of the semiconductor layer; a plurality of pairs of first and second conductive members, each having an upper end reaching the upper surface of the semiconductor layer and a lower end connected to one of the first semiconductor portions; a plurality of first insulating films, each covering a side surface of one of the first conductive members; a plurality of second insulating films, each covering a side surface of one of the second conductive members; a first wiring connecting upper ends of first and second conductive members that have lower ends respectively connected to two of the semiconductor portions that are adjacent in a second direction that is parallel to the upper surface of the semiconductor layer and perpendicular to the first direction; and a second wiring connecting upper ends of first and second conductive members that have lower ends respectively connected to two of the semiconductor portions that are adjacent in a third direction that is perpendicular to the first and second directions, wherein, in each pair of first and second conductive member, a length from the upper end to the lower end of the first conductive member is greater than a total of a length of the first conductive members, a distance between the first conductive member and the second conductive member, and a length of the second conductive member in the second direction. 20. The semiconductor device according to claim 19, wherein
all of the semiconductor portions have substantially the same shape, and all of the first and second conductive members have substantially the same shape. | A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor layer of a first conductivity type, a first semiconductor portion of a second conductivity type provided in the semiconductor layer, first and second conductive members, each having an upper end reaching an upper surface of the semiconductor layer and a lower end connected to the first semiconductor portion, and first and second insulating films covering side surfaces of the first and second conductive members, respectively. A length from the upper end to the lower end of the first conductive member is greater than a total of a length of the first conductive member, a distance between the first conductive member and the second conductive member, and a length of the second conductive member in a direction from the first conductive member toward the second conductive member that is parallel to the upper surface of the semiconductor layer.1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor layer of a first conductivity type; a first semiconductor portion of a second conductivity type provided in the semiconductor layer; a first conductive member having an upper end reaching an upper surface of the semiconductor layer and a lower end connected to the first semiconductor portion; a second conductive member having an upper end reaching the upper surface of the semiconductor layer and a lower end connected to the first semiconductor portion; a first insulating film covering a side surface of the first conductive member to electrically isolate the first conductive member from the semiconductor layer; and a second insulating film covering a side surface of the second conductive member to electrically isolate the first conductive member from the semiconductor layer, wherein a length from the upper end to the lower end of the first conductive member is greater than a total of a length of the first conductive member, a distance between the first conductive member and the second conductive member, and a length of the second conductive member in a direction from the first conductive member toward the second conductive member that is parallel to the upper surface of the semiconductor layer. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first contact which is provided on the semiconductor layer, is connected to the upper end of the first conductive member, and has a resistivity lower than a resistivity of the first conductive member. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein the first conductive member and the second conductive member include silicon. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein the first conductive member and the second conductive member have substantially the same shape. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 4,
wherein the shape of the first conductive member and the second conductive member is a planar shape that extends in two orthogonal directions perpendicular to said direction and a length of each of the first conductive member and the second conductive member in each of the two orthogonal directions is greater than said total of the length of the first conductive member, the distance between the first conductive member and the second conductive member, and the length of the second conductive member in said direction. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the first conductivity type is a p-type and the second conductivity type is an n-type. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the first conductivity type is an n-type and the second conductivity type is a p-type. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second semiconductor portion of the second conductivity type provided in the semiconductor layer and separated from the first semiconductor portion; a third conductive member having an upper end reaching the upper surface of the semiconductor layer and a lower end connected to the second semiconductor portion; a fourth conductive member having an upper end reaching the upper surface of the semiconductor layer and a lower end connected to the second semiconductor portion; and a wiring connected between the upper end of the second conductive member and the upper end of the third conductive member. 9. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor layer of a first conductivity type; a semiconductor portion of a second conductivity type provided in the semiconductor layer and reaching an upper surface of the semiconductor layer; and an insulating member dividing an upper portion of the semiconductor portion into a first portion and a second portion to separate the first portion and the second portion in a first direction that is parallel to the upper surface, wherein a length of the insulating member in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction and the upper surface is greater than a length of the upper portion in the first direction. 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 9, wherein the insulating portion has a planar shape that extends in the first direction and a third direction that is perpendicular to the first and second direction. 11. The semiconductor device according to claim 10, wherein a length of the insulating portion in the third direction is greater than a length of the upper portion in the third direction. 12. The semiconductor device according to claim 9,
wherein an air gap is formed in the insulating member. 13. The semiconductor device according to claim 9,
wherein the insulating member surrounds the first portion and the second portion when viewed in the second direction. 14. The semiconductor device according to claim 9, wherein the upper portion has a constricted portion with a reduced width in the first direction and the length of the insulating member in the second direction is greater than the reduced width of the upper portion in the first direction. 15. The semiconductor device according to claim 9, wherein the upper portion further includes a third portion that is below the insulating member and the third portion has a higher resistivity than that of either the first portion or the second portion. 16. The semiconductor device according to claim 9, wherein the first conductivity type is a p-type and the second conductivity type is an n-type. 17. The semiconductor device according to claim 9, wherein the first conductivity type is an n-type and the second conductivity type is a p-type. 18. The semiconductor device according to claim 9, further comprising:
another semiconductor portion of the second conductivity type provided in the semiconductor layer and reaching the upper surface of the semiconductor layer; another insulating member dividing an upper portion of said another semiconductor portion into a third portion and a fourth portion to separate the third portion and the fourth portion in the first direction; and a wiring connected between the upper end of the second portion and the upper end of the third portion. 19. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor layer of a first conductivity type; a plurality of semiconductor portions of a second conductivity type provided in the semiconductor layer, the plurality of semiconductor portions being arranged in a matrix configuration when viewed along a first direction that is perpendicular to an upper surface of the semiconductor layer; a plurality of pairs of first and second conductive members, each having an upper end reaching the upper surface of the semiconductor layer and a lower end connected to one of the first semiconductor portions; a plurality of first insulating films, each covering a side surface of one of the first conductive members; a plurality of second insulating films, each covering a side surface of one of the second conductive members; a first wiring connecting upper ends of first and second conductive members that have lower ends respectively connected to two of the semiconductor portions that are adjacent in a second direction that is parallel to the upper surface of the semiconductor layer and perpendicular to the first direction; and a second wiring connecting upper ends of first and second conductive members that have lower ends respectively connected to two of the semiconductor portions that are adjacent in a third direction that is perpendicular to the first and second directions, wherein, in each pair of first and second conductive member, a length from the upper end to the lower end of the first conductive member is greater than a total of a length of the first conductive members, a distance between the first conductive member and the second conductive member, and a length of the second conductive member in the second direction. 20. The semiconductor device according to claim 19, wherein
all of the semiconductor portions have substantially the same shape, and all of the first and second conductive members have substantially the same shape. | 3,700 |
349,461 | 16,806,937 | 3,747 | A computer-implemented method for multi-thread processing, the method including: compiling a first plurality of threads using a corresponding first register set for each thread in the first plurality of threads, to obtain a first plurality of corresponding machine instruction codes; and fusing the first plurality of machine instruction codes using first instructions in an instruction set supported by a processing core, to obtain machine instruction code of a fused thread, the machine instruction code of the fused thread including thread portions corresponding to each thread of the first plurality of threads, in which the first instructions include load effective address instructions and control transfer instructions, in which the load effective address instructions and the control transfer instructions are compiled using a second register set, and in which jump operations between thread portions are implemented by the control transfer instructions inserted into the machine instruction code of the fused thread. | 1. A computer-implemented method for multi-thread processing, the method comprising:
compiling, by a computing device, a first plurality of threads using a corresponding first register set for each thread in the first plurality of threads, to obtain a first plurality of corresponding machine instruction codes; and fusing the first plurality of machine instruction codes using first instructions in an instruction set supported by a processing core, to obtain machine instruction code of a fused thread, the machine instruction code of the fused thread comprising thread portions corresponding to each thread of the first plurality of threads, wherein the first instructions are inserted into the machine instruction code of the fused thread, and wherein the first instructions comprise load effective address instructions and control transfer instructions, wherein the load effective address instructions and the control transfer instructions are compiled using a second register set, and wherein jump operations between thread portions are implemented by the control transfer instructions inserted into the machine instruction code of the fused thread. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein a quantity of threads in the first plurality of threads does not exceed a first predetermined threshold, and wherein the first predetermined threshold is determined based on a quantity of registers available to the processing core. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the control transfer instructions comprise a first control transfer instruction obtained by modifying one or more jump instructions in the first plurality of machine instruction codes. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the control transfer instructions further comprise a second control transfer instruction added based on control transfer instruction adding rules, wherein the control transfer instruction adding rules comprise at least one of the following:
making an interval between control transfer instructions no more than a predetermined quantity of instructions; and adding the second control transfer instructions into the machine instruction code of the fused thread at a position that improves a running efficiency of the machine instruction code of the fused thread. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein the predetermined quantity of instructions is determined based on a quantity of instructions that the processing core can execute in a single instruction cycle. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein each thread portion comprises at least one jump instruction block. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein, for each thread portion of at least a portion of the thread portions, load effective address instructions in the thread portion comprise a first load effective address instruction, wherein the first load effective address instruction is placed at a beginning of the thread portion, and wherein the first load effective address instruction is used to move an address corresponding to a first instruction of the thread portion to another register; and
wherein, for each jump instruction block in each thread portion, load effective address instructions in the thread portion comprise second and third load effective address instructions, wherein the second load effective address instruction is used to move an address corresponding to a first instruction of the jump instruction block to another register, wherein the third load effective address instruction is used to move an address corresponding to a first instruction after the jump instruction block to another register, and wherein the second and third load effective address instructions are placed between the jump instruction block and a previous jump instruction block. 8. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
compiling, by a computing device, a first plurality of threads using a corresponding first register set for each thread in the first plurality of threads, to obtain a first plurality of corresponding machine instruction codes; and fusing the first plurality of machine instruction codes using first instructions in an instruction set supported by a processing core, to obtain machine instruction code of a fused thread, the machine instruction code of the fused thread comprising thread portions corresponding to each thread of the first plurality of threads, wherein the first instructions are inserted into the machine instruction code of the fused thread, and wherein the first instructions comprise load effective address instructions and control transfer instructions, wherein the load effective address instructions and the control transfer instructions are compiled using a second register set, and wherein jump operations between thread portions are implemented by the control transfer instructions inserted into the machine instruction code of the fused thread. 9. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein a quantity of threads in the first plurality of threads does not exceed a first predetermined threshold, and wherein the first predetermined threshold is determined based on a quantity of registers available to the processing core. 10. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the control transfer instructions comprise a first control transfer instruction obtained by modifying one or more jump instructions in the first plurality of machine instruction codes. 11. The computer-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the control transfer instructions further comprise a second control transfer instruction added based on control transfer instruction adding rules, wherein the control transfer instruction adding rules comprise at least one of the following:
making an interval between control transfer instructions no more than a predetermined quantity of instructions; and adding the second control transfer instructions into the machine instruction code of the fused thread at a position that improves a running efficiency of the machine instruction code of the fused thread. 12. The computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the predetermined quantity of instructions is determined based on a quantity of instructions that the processing core can execute in a single instruction cycle. 13. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein each thread portion comprises at least one jump instruction block. 14. The computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein, for each thread portion of at least a portion of the thread portions, load effective address instructions in the thread portion comprise a first load effective address instruction, wherein the first load effective address instruction is placed at a beginning of the thread portion, and wherein the first load effective address instruction is used to move an address corresponding to a first instruction of the thread portion to another register; and
wherein, for each jump instruction block in each thread portion, load effective address instructions in the thread portion comprise second and third load effective address instructions, wherein the second load effective address instruction is used to move an address corresponding to a first instruction of the jump instruction block to another register, wherein the third load effective address instruction is used to move an address corresponding to a first instruction after the jump instruction block to another register, and wherein the second and third load effective address instructions are placed between the jump instruction block and a previous jump instruction block. 15. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising: compiling, by a computing device, a first plurality of threads using a corresponding first register set for each thread in the first plurality of threads, to obtain a first plurality of corresponding machine instruction codes; and fusing the first plurality of machine instruction codes using first instructions in an instruction set supported by a processing core, to obtain machine instruction code of a fused thread, the machine instruction code of the fused thread comprising thread portions corresponding to each thread of the first plurality of threads, wherein the first instructions are inserted into the machine instruction code of the fused thread, and wherein the first instructions comprise load effective address instructions and control transfer instructions, wherein the load effective address instructions and the control transfer instructions are compiled using a second register set, and wherein jump operations between thread portions are implemented by the control transfer instructions inserted into the machine instruction code of the fused thread. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein a quantity of threads in the first plurality of threads does not exceed a first predetermined threshold, and wherein the first predetermined threshold is determined based on a quantity of registers available to the processing core. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the control transfer instructions comprise a first control transfer instruction obtained by modifying one or more jump instructions in the first plurality of machine instruction codes. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 17, wherein the control transfer instructions further comprise a second control transfer instruction added based on control transfer instruction adding rules, wherein the control transfer instruction adding rules comprise at least one of the following:
making an interval between control transfer instructions no more than a predetermined quantity of instructions; and adding the second control transfer instructions into the machine instruction code of the fused thread at a position that improves a running efficiency of the machine instruction code of the fused thread. 19. The computer-implemented system of claim 18, wherein the predetermined quantity of instructions is determined based on a quantity of instructions that the processing core can execute in a single instruction cycle. 20. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein each thread portion comprises at least one jump instruction block. | A computer-implemented method for multi-thread processing, the method including: compiling a first plurality of threads using a corresponding first register set for each thread in the first plurality of threads, to obtain a first plurality of corresponding machine instruction codes; and fusing the first plurality of machine instruction codes using first instructions in an instruction set supported by a processing core, to obtain machine instruction code of a fused thread, the machine instruction code of the fused thread including thread portions corresponding to each thread of the first plurality of threads, in which the first instructions include load effective address instructions and control transfer instructions, in which the load effective address instructions and the control transfer instructions are compiled using a second register set, and in which jump operations between thread portions are implemented by the control transfer instructions inserted into the machine instruction code of the fused thread.1. A computer-implemented method for multi-thread processing, the method comprising:
compiling, by a computing device, a first plurality of threads using a corresponding first register set for each thread in the first plurality of threads, to obtain a first plurality of corresponding machine instruction codes; and fusing the first plurality of machine instruction codes using first instructions in an instruction set supported by a processing core, to obtain machine instruction code of a fused thread, the machine instruction code of the fused thread comprising thread portions corresponding to each thread of the first plurality of threads, wherein the first instructions are inserted into the machine instruction code of the fused thread, and wherein the first instructions comprise load effective address instructions and control transfer instructions, wherein the load effective address instructions and the control transfer instructions are compiled using a second register set, and wherein jump operations between thread portions are implemented by the control transfer instructions inserted into the machine instruction code of the fused thread. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein a quantity of threads in the first plurality of threads does not exceed a first predetermined threshold, and wherein the first predetermined threshold is determined based on a quantity of registers available to the processing core. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the control transfer instructions comprise a first control transfer instruction obtained by modifying one or more jump instructions in the first plurality of machine instruction codes. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the control transfer instructions further comprise a second control transfer instruction added based on control transfer instruction adding rules, wherein the control transfer instruction adding rules comprise at least one of the following:
making an interval between control transfer instructions no more than a predetermined quantity of instructions; and adding the second control transfer instructions into the machine instruction code of the fused thread at a position that improves a running efficiency of the machine instruction code of the fused thread. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein the predetermined quantity of instructions is determined based on a quantity of instructions that the processing core can execute in a single instruction cycle. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein each thread portion comprises at least one jump instruction block. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein, for each thread portion of at least a portion of the thread portions, load effective address instructions in the thread portion comprise a first load effective address instruction, wherein the first load effective address instruction is placed at a beginning of the thread portion, and wherein the first load effective address instruction is used to move an address corresponding to a first instruction of the thread portion to another register; and
wherein, for each jump instruction block in each thread portion, load effective address instructions in the thread portion comprise second and third load effective address instructions, wherein the second load effective address instruction is used to move an address corresponding to a first instruction of the jump instruction block to another register, wherein the third load effective address instruction is used to move an address corresponding to a first instruction after the jump instruction block to another register, and wherein the second and third load effective address instructions are placed between the jump instruction block and a previous jump instruction block. 8. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
compiling, by a computing device, a first plurality of threads using a corresponding first register set for each thread in the first plurality of threads, to obtain a first plurality of corresponding machine instruction codes; and fusing the first plurality of machine instruction codes using first instructions in an instruction set supported by a processing core, to obtain machine instruction code of a fused thread, the machine instruction code of the fused thread comprising thread portions corresponding to each thread of the first plurality of threads, wherein the first instructions are inserted into the machine instruction code of the fused thread, and wherein the first instructions comprise load effective address instructions and control transfer instructions, wherein the load effective address instructions and the control transfer instructions are compiled using a second register set, and wherein jump operations between thread portions are implemented by the control transfer instructions inserted into the machine instruction code of the fused thread. 9. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein a quantity of threads in the first plurality of threads does not exceed a first predetermined threshold, and wherein the first predetermined threshold is determined based on a quantity of registers available to the processing core. 10. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the control transfer instructions comprise a first control transfer instruction obtained by modifying one or more jump instructions in the first plurality of machine instruction codes. 11. The computer-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the control transfer instructions further comprise a second control transfer instruction added based on control transfer instruction adding rules, wherein the control transfer instruction adding rules comprise at least one of the following:
making an interval between control transfer instructions no more than a predetermined quantity of instructions; and adding the second control transfer instructions into the machine instruction code of the fused thread at a position that improves a running efficiency of the machine instruction code of the fused thread. 12. The computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the predetermined quantity of instructions is determined based on a quantity of instructions that the processing core can execute in a single instruction cycle. 13. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein each thread portion comprises at least one jump instruction block. 14. The computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein, for each thread portion of at least a portion of the thread portions, load effective address instructions in the thread portion comprise a first load effective address instruction, wherein the first load effective address instruction is placed at a beginning of the thread portion, and wherein the first load effective address instruction is used to move an address corresponding to a first instruction of the thread portion to another register; and
wherein, for each jump instruction block in each thread portion, load effective address instructions in the thread portion comprise second and third load effective address instructions, wherein the second load effective address instruction is used to move an address corresponding to a first instruction of the jump instruction block to another register, wherein the third load effective address instruction is used to move an address corresponding to a first instruction after the jump instruction block to another register, and wherein the second and third load effective address instructions are placed between the jump instruction block and a previous jump instruction block. 15. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising: compiling, by a computing device, a first plurality of threads using a corresponding first register set for each thread in the first plurality of threads, to obtain a first plurality of corresponding machine instruction codes; and fusing the first plurality of machine instruction codes using first instructions in an instruction set supported by a processing core, to obtain machine instruction code of a fused thread, the machine instruction code of the fused thread comprising thread portions corresponding to each thread of the first plurality of threads, wherein the first instructions are inserted into the machine instruction code of the fused thread, and wherein the first instructions comprise load effective address instructions and control transfer instructions, wherein the load effective address instructions and the control transfer instructions are compiled using a second register set, and wherein jump operations between thread portions are implemented by the control transfer instructions inserted into the machine instruction code of the fused thread. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein a quantity of threads in the first plurality of threads does not exceed a first predetermined threshold, and wherein the first predetermined threshold is determined based on a quantity of registers available to the processing core. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the control transfer instructions comprise a first control transfer instruction obtained by modifying one or more jump instructions in the first plurality of machine instruction codes. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 17, wherein the control transfer instructions further comprise a second control transfer instruction added based on control transfer instruction adding rules, wherein the control transfer instruction adding rules comprise at least one of the following:
making an interval between control transfer instructions no more than a predetermined quantity of instructions; and adding the second control transfer instructions into the machine instruction code of the fused thread at a position that improves a running efficiency of the machine instruction code of the fused thread. 19. The computer-implemented system of claim 18, wherein the predetermined quantity of instructions is determined based on a quantity of instructions that the processing core can execute in a single instruction cycle. 20. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein each thread portion comprises at least one jump instruction block. | 3,700 |
349,462 | 16,807,057 | 3,747 | Provided herein are methods of perfusion culturing an adherent mammalian cell using a shake flask and a plurality of microcarriers, and various methods that utilize these culturing methods. | 1. A method of testing the efficacy of a first or second liquid culture medium, a raw ingredient or supplement present in a first or second liquid culture medium, or a source of an adherent mammalian cell for use in a method of producing a recombinant protein, the method comprising:
providing a shake flask containing an adherent mammalian cell disposed in a first liquid culture medium, wherein the first liquid culture medium occupies about 20% to about 30% of the volume of the shake flask and contains a plurality of microcarriers at a concentration of about 1.0 g/L to about 15.0 g/L; incubating the shake flask for a period of time at about 32° C. to about 39° C. and with a rotary agitation of about 85 revolutions per minute (RPM) to about 125 RPM; and after about the first 48 to 96 hours of the period of time, continuously or periodically removing a first volume of the first liquid culture medium and adding to the first liquid culture medium a second volume of a second liquid culture medium, wherein the first and second volumes are about equal, the method achieves a viable cell density of greater than 2×106 cells/mL in the first liquid culture medium or a combination of the first liquid culture medium and the second liquid culture medium at some point during the period of time, and the adherent mammalian cell contains a nucleic acid encoding the recombinant protein; detecting the recombinant protein in the adherent mammalian cell or in the first and/or second culture medium; comparing the amount of recombinant protein present in the cell or in the first and/or second culture medium to a reference level of recombinant protein produced by a different method that uses one or more of a different first or second liquid culture medium, a different raw ingredient or supplement present in the first or second liquid culture medium, or a different source of an adherent mammalian cell; and identifying the first or second liquid culture medium, the raw ingredient or supplement present in the first or second liquid culture medium, or the source of the adherent mammalian cell that is associated with an increased amount of recombinant protein as compared to the reference level as being efficacious for use in a method of producing a recombinant protein. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first volume of the first liquid culture medium is substantially free of the microcarriers. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first liquid culture medium occupies about 25% to about 30% of the volume of the shake flask. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein at the beginning of the period of time, the first liquid culture medium contains 0.1×106 cells/mL to 0.5×106 cells/mL. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the removing of the first volume of the first liquid culture medium and the adding of the second volume of the second liquid culture medium is performed periodically. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first volume of the first liquid culture medium and the second volume of the second liquid culture medium added are increased over time. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the shake flask is gas-permeable and has a volume of between 20 mL to about 1 L. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the adherent mammalian cell is suspended in about 40 mL to about 80 mL of the first liquid culture medium. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein after about the first 48 to 96 hours of the period of time, in each 24-hour period, the first volume of the first liquid culture medium removed and the second volume of the second liquid culture medium added is about 30% to about 95% of the volume of the first liquid culture medium. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the recombinant protein is an immunoglobulin, an enzyme, a growth factor, a protein fragment, or an engineered protein. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the recombinant protein is secreted into the first and/or second liquid culture medium. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the shake flask is incubated at an angle of about 25 degrees to about 90 degrees from horizontal relative to the benchtop or the horizon. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the shake flask is incubated at an angle of about 45 degrees relative to the benchtop or the horizon. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the different method utilizes a different first or second liquid culture medium, a different mammalian cell, a different temperature, a different level of agitation, a different shake flask, or a different microcarrier. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the different method utilizes different raw materials, anti-clumping agents, or chemically-defined liquid culture media. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is used to perform a design-of-experiment (DOE) or a quality-by-design (QBD) study. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises identifying and adding to a manufacturing process a first or second liquid culture medium, a raw ingredient or supplement present in a first or second liquid culture medium, or a source of an adherent mammalian cell identified as being efficacious for use in a method of producing a recombinant protein. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the recombinant protein is an enzyme. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the enzyme is a galactosidase. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the galactosidase is an alpha-galactosidase. | Provided herein are methods of perfusion culturing an adherent mammalian cell using a shake flask and a plurality of microcarriers, and various methods that utilize these culturing methods.1. A method of testing the efficacy of a first or second liquid culture medium, a raw ingredient or supplement present in a first or second liquid culture medium, or a source of an adherent mammalian cell for use in a method of producing a recombinant protein, the method comprising:
providing a shake flask containing an adherent mammalian cell disposed in a first liquid culture medium, wherein the first liquid culture medium occupies about 20% to about 30% of the volume of the shake flask and contains a plurality of microcarriers at a concentration of about 1.0 g/L to about 15.0 g/L; incubating the shake flask for a period of time at about 32° C. to about 39° C. and with a rotary agitation of about 85 revolutions per minute (RPM) to about 125 RPM; and after about the first 48 to 96 hours of the period of time, continuously or periodically removing a first volume of the first liquid culture medium and adding to the first liquid culture medium a second volume of a second liquid culture medium, wherein the first and second volumes are about equal, the method achieves a viable cell density of greater than 2×106 cells/mL in the first liquid culture medium or a combination of the first liquid culture medium and the second liquid culture medium at some point during the period of time, and the adherent mammalian cell contains a nucleic acid encoding the recombinant protein; detecting the recombinant protein in the adherent mammalian cell or in the first and/or second culture medium; comparing the amount of recombinant protein present in the cell or in the first and/or second culture medium to a reference level of recombinant protein produced by a different method that uses one or more of a different first or second liquid culture medium, a different raw ingredient or supplement present in the first or second liquid culture medium, or a different source of an adherent mammalian cell; and identifying the first or second liquid culture medium, the raw ingredient or supplement present in the first or second liquid culture medium, or the source of the adherent mammalian cell that is associated with an increased amount of recombinant protein as compared to the reference level as being efficacious for use in a method of producing a recombinant protein. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first volume of the first liquid culture medium is substantially free of the microcarriers. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first liquid culture medium occupies about 25% to about 30% of the volume of the shake flask. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein at the beginning of the period of time, the first liquid culture medium contains 0.1×106 cells/mL to 0.5×106 cells/mL. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the removing of the first volume of the first liquid culture medium and the adding of the second volume of the second liquid culture medium is performed periodically. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first volume of the first liquid culture medium and the second volume of the second liquid culture medium added are increased over time. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the shake flask is gas-permeable and has a volume of between 20 mL to about 1 L. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the adherent mammalian cell is suspended in about 40 mL to about 80 mL of the first liquid culture medium. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein after about the first 48 to 96 hours of the period of time, in each 24-hour period, the first volume of the first liquid culture medium removed and the second volume of the second liquid culture medium added is about 30% to about 95% of the volume of the first liquid culture medium. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the recombinant protein is an immunoglobulin, an enzyme, a growth factor, a protein fragment, or an engineered protein. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the recombinant protein is secreted into the first and/or second liquid culture medium. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the shake flask is incubated at an angle of about 25 degrees to about 90 degrees from horizontal relative to the benchtop or the horizon. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the shake flask is incubated at an angle of about 45 degrees relative to the benchtop or the horizon. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the different method utilizes a different first or second liquid culture medium, a different mammalian cell, a different temperature, a different level of agitation, a different shake flask, or a different microcarrier. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the different method utilizes different raw materials, anti-clumping agents, or chemically-defined liquid culture media. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is used to perform a design-of-experiment (DOE) or a quality-by-design (QBD) study. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises identifying and adding to a manufacturing process a first or second liquid culture medium, a raw ingredient or supplement present in a first or second liquid culture medium, or a source of an adherent mammalian cell identified as being efficacious for use in a method of producing a recombinant protein. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the recombinant protein is an enzyme. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the enzyme is a galactosidase. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the galactosidase is an alpha-galactosidase. | 3,700 |
349,463 | 16,807,076 | 3,747 | Provided herein are methods of perfusion culturing an adherent mammalian cell using a shake flask and a plurality of microcarriers, and various methods that utilize these culturing methods. | 1. A method of testing the efficacy of a first or second liquid culture medium, a raw ingredient or supplement present in a first or second liquid culture medium, or a source of an adherent mammalian cell for use in a method of producing a recombinant protein, the method comprising:
providing a shake flask containing an adherent mammalian cell disposed in a first liquid culture medium, wherein the first liquid culture medium occupies about 20% to about 30% of the volume of the shake flask and contains a plurality of microcarriers at a concentration of about 1.0 g/L to about 15.0 g/L; incubating the shake flask for a period of time at about 32° C. to about 39° C. and with a rotary agitation of about 85 revolutions per minute (RPM) to about 125 RPM; and after about the first 48 to 96 hours of the period of time, continuously or periodically removing a first volume of the first liquid culture medium and adding to the first liquid culture medium a second volume of a second liquid culture medium, wherein the first and second volumes are about equal, the method achieves a viable cell density of greater than 2×106 cells/mL in the first liquid culture medium or a combination of the first liquid culture medium and the second liquid culture medium at some point during the period of time, and the adherent mammalian cell contains a nucleic acid encoding the recombinant protein; detecting the recombinant protein in the adherent mammalian cell or in the first and/or second culture medium; comparing the amount of recombinant protein present in the cell or in the first and/or second culture medium to a reference level of recombinant protein produced by a different method that uses one or more of a different first or second liquid culture medium, a different raw ingredient or supplement present in the first or second liquid culture medium, or a different source of an adherent mammalian cell; and identifying the first or second liquid culture medium, the raw ingredient or supplement present in the first or second liquid culture medium, or the source of the adherent mammalian cell that is associated with an increased amount of recombinant protein as compared to the reference level as being efficacious for use in a method of producing a recombinant protein. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first volume of the first liquid culture medium is substantially free of the microcarriers. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first liquid culture medium occupies about 25% to about 30% of the volume of the shake flask. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein at the beginning of the period of time, the first liquid culture medium contains 0.1×106 cells/mL to 0.5×106 cells/mL. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the removing of the first volume of the first liquid culture medium and the adding of the second volume of the second liquid culture medium is performed periodically. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first volume of the first liquid culture medium and the second volume of the second liquid culture medium added are increased over time. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the shake flask is gas-permeable and has a volume of between 20 mL to about 1 L. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the adherent mammalian cell is suspended in about 40 mL to about 80 mL of the first liquid culture medium. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein after about the first 48 to 96 hours of the period of time, in each 24-hour period, the first volume of the first liquid culture medium removed and the second volume of the second liquid culture medium added is about 30% to about 95% of the volume of the first liquid culture medium. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the recombinant protein is an immunoglobulin, an enzyme, a growth factor, a protein fragment, or an engineered protein. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the recombinant protein is secreted into the first and/or second liquid culture medium. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the shake flask is incubated at an angle of about 25 degrees to about 90 degrees from horizontal relative to the benchtop or the horizon. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the shake flask is incubated at an angle of about 45 degrees relative to the benchtop or the horizon. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the different method utilizes a different first or second liquid culture medium, a different mammalian cell, a different temperature, a different level of agitation, a different shake flask, or a different microcarrier. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the different method utilizes different raw materials, anti-clumping agents, or chemically-defined liquid culture media. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is used to perform a design-of-experiment (DOE) or a quality-by-design (QBD) study. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises identifying and adding to a manufacturing process a first or second liquid culture medium, a raw ingredient or supplement present in a first or second liquid culture medium, or a source of an adherent mammalian cell identified as being efficacious for use in a method of producing a recombinant protein. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the recombinant protein is an enzyme. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the enzyme is a galactosidase. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the galactosidase is an alpha-galactosidase. | Provided herein are methods of perfusion culturing an adherent mammalian cell using a shake flask and a plurality of microcarriers, and various methods that utilize these culturing methods.1. A method of testing the efficacy of a first or second liquid culture medium, a raw ingredient or supplement present in a first or second liquid culture medium, or a source of an adherent mammalian cell for use in a method of producing a recombinant protein, the method comprising:
providing a shake flask containing an adherent mammalian cell disposed in a first liquid culture medium, wherein the first liquid culture medium occupies about 20% to about 30% of the volume of the shake flask and contains a plurality of microcarriers at a concentration of about 1.0 g/L to about 15.0 g/L; incubating the shake flask for a period of time at about 32° C. to about 39° C. and with a rotary agitation of about 85 revolutions per minute (RPM) to about 125 RPM; and after about the first 48 to 96 hours of the period of time, continuously or periodically removing a first volume of the first liquid culture medium and adding to the first liquid culture medium a second volume of a second liquid culture medium, wherein the first and second volumes are about equal, the method achieves a viable cell density of greater than 2×106 cells/mL in the first liquid culture medium or a combination of the first liquid culture medium and the second liquid culture medium at some point during the period of time, and the adherent mammalian cell contains a nucleic acid encoding the recombinant protein; detecting the recombinant protein in the adherent mammalian cell or in the first and/or second culture medium; comparing the amount of recombinant protein present in the cell or in the first and/or second culture medium to a reference level of recombinant protein produced by a different method that uses one or more of a different first or second liquid culture medium, a different raw ingredient or supplement present in the first or second liquid culture medium, or a different source of an adherent mammalian cell; and identifying the first or second liquid culture medium, the raw ingredient or supplement present in the first or second liquid culture medium, or the source of the adherent mammalian cell that is associated with an increased amount of recombinant protein as compared to the reference level as being efficacious for use in a method of producing a recombinant protein. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first volume of the first liquid culture medium is substantially free of the microcarriers. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first liquid culture medium occupies about 25% to about 30% of the volume of the shake flask. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein at the beginning of the period of time, the first liquid culture medium contains 0.1×106 cells/mL to 0.5×106 cells/mL. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the removing of the first volume of the first liquid culture medium and the adding of the second volume of the second liquid culture medium is performed periodically. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first volume of the first liquid culture medium and the second volume of the second liquid culture medium added are increased over time. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the shake flask is gas-permeable and has a volume of between 20 mL to about 1 L. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the adherent mammalian cell is suspended in about 40 mL to about 80 mL of the first liquid culture medium. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein after about the first 48 to 96 hours of the period of time, in each 24-hour period, the first volume of the first liquid culture medium removed and the second volume of the second liquid culture medium added is about 30% to about 95% of the volume of the first liquid culture medium. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the recombinant protein is an immunoglobulin, an enzyme, a growth factor, a protein fragment, or an engineered protein. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the recombinant protein is secreted into the first and/or second liquid culture medium. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the shake flask is incubated at an angle of about 25 degrees to about 90 degrees from horizontal relative to the benchtop or the horizon. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the shake flask is incubated at an angle of about 45 degrees relative to the benchtop or the horizon. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the different method utilizes a different first or second liquid culture medium, a different mammalian cell, a different temperature, a different level of agitation, a different shake flask, or a different microcarrier. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the different method utilizes different raw materials, anti-clumping agents, or chemically-defined liquid culture media. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is used to perform a design-of-experiment (DOE) or a quality-by-design (QBD) study. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises identifying and adding to a manufacturing process a first or second liquid culture medium, a raw ingredient or supplement present in a first or second liquid culture medium, or a source of an adherent mammalian cell identified as being efficacious for use in a method of producing a recombinant protein. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the recombinant protein is an enzyme. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the enzyme is a galactosidase. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the galactosidase is an alpha-galactosidase. | 3,700 |
349,464 | 16,807,072 | 3,747 | Systems and methods for intelligent data routing based on data type are provided. A proxy installed on a client device receives a data stream and scans the data stream for classification parameters associated with sensitive data. A data stream may be broken down, for example, to data packets, classified using known libraries containing characteristics of a classification, and routed based on applicable policies governing each classification. The routed data packets are constantly monitored and may be re-routed to a network designed to handle highly sensitive data, a network designed to handle data with high security risk, or to another applicable service infrastructure as needed, before reaching the intended recipient. The classification libraries may be updated based on the monitored data and change in classification of the data packet. | 1. A method for intelligent routing of data, the method comprising:
installing a proxy on a client device in a communication network; monitoring data packets received at the client device via the proxy, wherein monitoring the received data comprises scanning each received data packet for one or more classification parameters associated with sensitive data; classifying at least one data packet as sensitive based on the scan detecting the parameters associated with sensitive data; and routing the at least one data packet in accordance with one or more policies applicable to the sensitive data classification. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein classifying the at least one data packet as sensitive includes separating the at least one data packet from one or more other data packets in a data stream, wherein at least one of the other data packets in the data stream has a different classification. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising routing the at least one of the other data packets in the data stream in accordance with different policies applicable to the different classification. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein routing the at least one data packet includes routing the at least one data packet to a honeypot. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising identifying via the honeypot that the at least one data packet does not meet a defined level of security risk, and further routing the at least one data packet based on the identification that the at least one data packet does not meet the defined level of security risk. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising identifying via the honeypot that the at least one data packet meets a defined level of security risk, and continuing to isolate the at least one data packet via the honeypot based on the identification that the at least one data packet meets the defined level of security risk. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein classifying the at least one data packet is based on one or more libraries that store a plurality of parameters associated with the sensitive data. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one data packet is routed from one service infrastructure governed by at least one of the policies to another service infrastructure governed by another one of the policies until the policies applicable to the sensitive classification are satisfied. 9. A system for intelligent routing of data, the system comprising:
a proxy installed on a client device in a communication network, wherein the proxy is configured to:
monitor data packets received at the client device via the proxy, wherein monitoring the received data comprises scanning each received data packet for one or more classification parameters associated with sensitive data
classify at least one data packet as sensitive based on the scan detecting the parameters associated with sensitive data; and
route the at least one data packet in accordance with one or more policies applicable to the sensitive data classification. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the execution of the instruction by the processor further comprises separating the at least one data packet from one or more other data packets in a data stream, wherein at least one of the other data packets in the data stream has a different classification. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the proxy further routes the at least one of the other data packets in the data stream in accordance with different policies applicable to the different classification. 12. The system of claim 9, further comprising a honeypot device isolated from one or more devices in the communication network, wherein the proxy routes the at least one data packet to the honeypot device. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the honeypot device identifies that the at least one data packet does not meet a defined level of security risk, and wherein the proxy routes the at least one data packet based on the identification that the at least one data packet does not meet the defined level of security risk. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the honeypot device identifies that the at least one data packet meets a defined level of security risk, and continues to isolate the at least one data packet based on the identification that the at least one data packet meets the defined level of security risk. 15. The system of claim 9, further comprising one or more libraries that store a plurality of parameters associated with the sensitive data, wherein the proxy classifies the at least one data packet based on the one or more libraries. 16. The system of claim 9, wherein the proxy routes the at least one data packet from one service infrastructure governed by at least one of the policies to another service infrastructure governed by another one of the policies until the policies applicable to the sensitive classification are satisfied. 17. A non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium, having embodied thereon a program executable by a processor to perform a method for managing data stream identity, the method comprising:
installing a proxy on a client device in a communication network; monitoring data packets received at the client device via the proxy, wherein monitoring the received data comprises scanning each received data packet for one or more classification parameters associated with sensitive data; classifying at least one data packet as sensitive based on the scan detecting the parameters associated with sensitive data; and routing the at least one data packet in accordance with one or more policies applicable to the sensitive data classification. | Systems and methods for intelligent data routing based on data type are provided. A proxy installed on a client device receives a data stream and scans the data stream for classification parameters associated with sensitive data. A data stream may be broken down, for example, to data packets, classified using known libraries containing characteristics of a classification, and routed based on applicable policies governing each classification. The routed data packets are constantly monitored and may be re-routed to a network designed to handle highly sensitive data, a network designed to handle data with high security risk, or to another applicable service infrastructure as needed, before reaching the intended recipient. The classification libraries may be updated based on the monitored data and change in classification of the data packet.1. A method for intelligent routing of data, the method comprising:
installing a proxy on a client device in a communication network; monitoring data packets received at the client device via the proxy, wherein monitoring the received data comprises scanning each received data packet for one or more classification parameters associated with sensitive data; classifying at least one data packet as sensitive based on the scan detecting the parameters associated with sensitive data; and routing the at least one data packet in accordance with one or more policies applicable to the sensitive data classification. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein classifying the at least one data packet as sensitive includes separating the at least one data packet from one or more other data packets in a data stream, wherein at least one of the other data packets in the data stream has a different classification. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising routing the at least one of the other data packets in the data stream in accordance with different policies applicable to the different classification. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein routing the at least one data packet includes routing the at least one data packet to a honeypot. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising identifying via the honeypot that the at least one data packet does not meet a defined level of security risk, and further routing the at least one data packet based on the identification that the at least one data packet does not meet the defined level of security risk. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising identifying via the honeypot that the at least one data packet meets a defined level of security risk, and continuing to isolate the at least one data packet via the honeypot based on the identification that the at least one data packet meets the defined level of security risk. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein classifying the at least one data packet is based on one or more libraries that store a plurality of parameters associated with the sensitive data. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one data packet is routed from one service infrastructure governed by at least one of the policies to another service infrastructure governed by another one of the policies until the policies applicable to the sensitive classification are satisfied. 9. A system for intelligent routing of data, the system comprising:
a proxy installed on a client device in a communication network, wherein the proxy is configured to:
monitor data packets received at the client device via the proxy, wherein monitoring the received data comprises scanning each received data packet for one or more classification parameters associated with sensitive data
classify at least one data packet as sensitive based on the scan detecting the parameters associated with sensitive data; and
route the at least one data packet in accordance with one or more policies applicable to the sensitive data classification. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the execution of the instruction by the processor further comprises separating the at least one data packet from one or more other data packets in a data stream, wherein at least one of the other data packets in the data stream has a different classification. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the proxy further routes the at least one of the other data packets in the data stream in accordance with different policies applicable to the different classification. 12. The system of claim 9, further comprising a honeypot device isolated from one or more devices in the communication network, wherein the proxy routes the at least one data packet to the honeypot device. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the honeypot device identifies that the at least one data packet does not meet a defined level of security risk, and wherein the proxy routes the at least one data packet based on the identification that the at least one data packet does not meet the defined level of security risk. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the honeypot device identifies that the at least one data packet meets a defined level of security risk, and continues to isolate the at least one data packet based on the identification that the at least one data packet meets the defined level of security risk. 15. The system of claim 9, further comprising one or more libraries that store a plurality of parameters associated with the sensitive data, wherein the proxy classifies the at least one data packet based on the one or more libraries. 16. The system of claim 9, wherein the proxy routes the at least one data packet from one service infrastructure governed by at least one of the policies to another service infrastructure governed by another one of the policies until the policies applicable to the sensitive classification are satisfied. 17. A non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium, having embodied thereon a program executable by a processor to perform a method for managing data stream identity, the method comprising:
installing a proxy on a client device in a communication network; monitoring data packets received at the client device via the proxy, wherein monitoring the received data comprises scanning each received data packet for one or more classification parameters associated with sensitive data; classifying at least one data packet as sensitive based on the scan detecting the parameters associated with sensitive data; and routing the at least one data packet in accordance with one or more policies applicable to the sensitive data classification. | 3,700 |
349,465 | 16,807,028 | 3,747 | Methods and systems for communication of premises data are disclosed. An example system may comprise a computing device configured to receive premises data from a plurality of devices located at a premises. The plurality of devices may be associated with different systems. Each system may comprise a different server, protocol, or device type. The computing device may coordinate communication between the plurality of devices and corresponding servers. The computing device may also send, based on data from a device associated with one system, a control message to a device associated with another system. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving, by a computing device located external to a premises, premises data associated with a first premises device located at the premises, wherein the first premises device is associated with a first device type configured to communicate with a first application server; determining, based on the premises data and an automation rule, to send control data to a second premises device located at the premises, wherein the second premises device is associated with a second device type configured to communicate with a second application server; and sending, to the second premises device, the control data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the premises data comprises receiving, from one or more of the first premises device or the first application server, the premises data. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the premises data comprises one or more of an event, a change in state of the first premises device, a camera event, a sensor event, or an automation event. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein sending the control data comprises sending, to the second premises device and via one or more of a gateway device located at the premises or the second application server, the control data. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the premises data indicates one or more of a change in a state of the first premises device, entry to the premises, exit from the premises, locking of a door, unlocking of the door, or a change in a temperature setting, and wherein the control data is configured to cause a change in state of the second premises device. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the first premises device comprises one or more of a door lock, a security device, a security system, a network device, or a thermostat, and wherein the second premises device comprises one or more of a security system, security device, a thermostat, a light, a door lock, a heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system, or a network device. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising causing output, via a user device, of an indication of the premises data and an indication of a state change caused by the control data. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining that the second premises device is associated with the second application server, wherein sending the control data comprises sending, via the second application server and to the second premises device, the control data. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the computing device and based on user input via a user interface, data indicative of a command associated with the first premises device; determining that the first application server is associated with the first premises device; and sending, to the first application server, the data indicative of the command. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first application server and the first premises device are associated with a first proprietary system, and wherein the second application server and the second premises device are associated with a second proprietary system. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first device type is not configured to communicate with the second device type without the computing device, and wherein the second device type is not configured to communicate with the first device type without the computing device. 12. A device comprising:
one or more processors; and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the device to:
receive premises data associated with a first premises device located at a premises and remotely from the device, wherein the first premises device is associated with a first device type configured to communicate with a first application server;
determine, based on the premises data and an automation rule, to send control data to a second premises device located at the premises, wherein the second premises device is associated with a second device type configured to communicate with a second application server; and
send, to the second premises device, the control data. 13. The device of claim 12, wherein the instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the device to receive the premises data comprise instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the device to receive, from one or more of the first premises device or the first application server, the premises data. 14. The device of claim 12, wherein the premises data comprises one or more of an event, a change in state of the first premises device, a camera event, a sensor event, or an automation event. 15. The device of claim 12, wherein the instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the device to send the control data comprises instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the device to send, to the second premises device and via one or more of a gateway device located at the premises or the second application server, the control data. 16. The device of claim 12, wherein the premises data indicates one or more of a change in a state of the first premises device, entry to the premises, exit from the premises, locking of a door, unlocking of the door, or a change in a temperature setting, and wherein the control data is configured to cause a change in state of the second premises device. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the first premises device comprises one or more of a door lock, a security device, a security system, or a thermostat, and wherein the second premises device comprises one or more of a security system, security device, a thermostat, a light, a door lock, a heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system, or a network device. 18. The device of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the device to cause output, via a user device, of an indication of the premises data and an indication of a state change caused by the control data. 19. The device of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the device to determine that the second premises device is associated with the second application server, wherein the instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the device to send the control data comprises instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the device to send, via the second application server and to the second premises device, the control data. 20. The device of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the device to:
receive, based on user input via a user interface, data indicative of a command associated with the first premises device; determine that the first application server is associated with the first premises device; and send, to the first application server, the data indicative of the command. 21. The device of claim 12, wherein the first application server and the first premises device are associated with a first proprietary system, and wherein the second application server and the second premises device are associated with a second proprietary system. 22. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause:
receiving premises data associated with a first premises device located at a premises, wherein the first premises device is associated with a first device type configured to communicate with a first application server; determining, based on the premises data and an automation rule, to send control data to a second premises device located at the premises, wherein the second premises device is associated with a second device type configured to communicate with a second application server; and sending, to the second premises device, the control data. 23. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 22, wherein receiving the premises data comprises receiving, from one or more of the first premises device or the first application server, the premises data. 24. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 22, wherein the premises data comprises one or more of an event, a change in state of the first premises device, a camera event, a sensor event, or an automation event. 25. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 22, wherein sending the control data comprises sending, to the second premises device and via one or more of a gateway device located at the premises or the second application server, the control data. 26. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 22, wherein the premises data indicates one or more of a change in a state of the first premises device, entry to the premises, exit from the premises, locking of a door, unlocking of the door, or a change in a temperature setting, and wherein the control data is configured to cause a change in state of the second premises device. 27. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 26, wherein the first premises device comprises one or more of a door lock, a security device, a security system, or a thermostat, and wherein the second premises device comprises one or more of a security system, security device, a thermostat, a light, a door lock, a heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system, or a network device. 28. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 22, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause causing output, via a user device, of an indication of the premises data and an indication of a state change caused by the control data. 29. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 22, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause determining that the second premises device is associated with the second application server, wherein sending the control data comprises sending, via the second application server and to the second premises device, the control data. 30. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 22, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause:
receiving, based on user input via a user interface, data indicative of a command associated with the first premises device; determining that the first application server is associated with the first premises device; and sending, to the first application server, the data indicative of the command. 31. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 22, wherein the first application server and the first premises device are associated with a first proprietary system, and wherein the second application server and the second premises device are associated with a second proprietary system. | Methods and systems for communication of premises data are disclosed. An example system may comprise a computing device configured to receive premises data from a plurality of devices located at a premises. The plurality of devices may be associated with different systems. Each system may comprise a different server, protocol, or device type. The computing device may coordinate communication between the plurality of devices and corresponding servers. The computing device may also send, based on data from a device associated with one system, a control message to a device associated with another system.1. A method comprising:
receiving, by a computing device located external to a premises, premises data associated with a first premises device located at the premises, wherein the first premises device is associated with a first device type configured to communicate with a first application server; determining, based on the premises data and an automation rule, to send control data to a second premises device located at the premises, wherein the second premises device is associated with a second device type configured to communicate with a second application server; and sending, to the second premises device, the control data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the premises data comprises receiving, from one or more of the first premises device or the first application server, the premises data. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the premises data comprises one or more of an event, a change in state of the first premises device, a camera event, a sensor event, or an automation event. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein sending the control data comprises sending, to the second premises device and via one or more of a gateway device located at the premises or the second application server, the control data. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the premises data indicates one or more of a change in a state of the first premises device, entry to the premises, exit from the premises, locking of a door, unlocking of the door, or a change in a temperature setting, and wherein the control data is configured to cause a change in state of the second premises device. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the first premises device comprises one or more of a door lock, a security device, a security system, a network device, or a thermostat, and wherein the second premises device comprises one or more of a security system, security device, a thermostat, a light, a door lock, a heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system, or a network device. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising causing output, via a user device, of an indication of the premises data and an indication of a state change caused by the control data. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining that the second premises device is associated with the second application server, wherein sending the control data comprises sending, via the second application server and to the second premises device, the control data. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the computing device and based on user input via a user interface, data indicative of a command associated with the first premises device; determining that the first application server is associated with the first premises device; and sending, to the first application server, the data indicative of the command. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first application server and the first premises device are associated with a first proprietary system, and wherein the second application server and the second premises device are associated with a second proprietary system. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first device type is not configured to communicate with the second device type without the computing device, and wherein the second device type is not configured to communicate with the first device type without the computing device. 12. A device comprising:
one or more processors; and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the device to:
receive premises data associated with a first premises device located at a premises and remotely from the device, wherein the first premises device is associated with a first device type configured to communicate with a first application server;
determine, based on the premises data and an automation rule, to send control data to a second premises device located at the premises, wherein the second premises device is associated with a second device type configured to communicate with a second application server; and
send, to the second premises device, the control data. 13. The device of claim 12, wherein the instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the device to receive the premises data comprise instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the device to receive, from one or more of the first premises device or the first application server, the premises data. 14. The device of claim 12, wherein the premises data comprises one or more of an event, a change in state of the first premises device, a camera event, a sensor event, or an automation event. 15. The device of claim 12, wherein the instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the device to send the control data comprises instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the device to send, to the second premises device and via one or more of a gateway device located at the premises or the second application server, the control data. 16. The device of claim 12, wherein the premises data indicates one or more of a change in a state of the first premises device, entry to the premises, exit from the premises, locking of a door, unlocking of the door, or a change in a temperature setting, and wherein the control data is configured to cause a change in state of the second premises device. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the first premises device comprises one or more of a door lock, a security device, a security system, or a thermostat, and wherein the second premises device comprises one or more of a security system, security device, a thermostat, a light, a door lock, a heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system, or a network device. 18. The device of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the device to cause output, via a user device, of an indication of the premises data and an indication of a state change caused by the control data. 19. The device of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the device to determine that the second premises device is associated with the second application server, wherein the instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the device to send the control data comprises instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the device to send, via the second application server and to the second premises device, the control data. 20. The device of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the device to:
receive, based on user input via a user interface, data indicative of a command associated with the first premises device; determine that the first application server is associated with the first premises device; and send, to the first application server, the data indicative of the command. 21. The device of claim 12, wherein the first application server and the first premises device are associated with a first proprietary system, and wherein the second application server and the second premises device are associated with a second proprietary system. 22. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause:
receiving premises data associated with a first premises device located at a premises, wherein the first premises device is associated with a first device type configured to communicate with a first application server; determining, based on the premises data and an automation rule, to send control data to a second premises device located at the premises, wherein the second premises device is associated with a second device type configured to communicate with a second application server; and sending, to the second premises device, the control data. 23. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 22, wherein receiving the premises data comprises receiving, from one or more of the first premises device or the first application server, the premises data. 24. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 22, wherein the premises data comprises one or more of an event, a change in state of the first premises device, a camera event, a sensor event, or an automation event. 25. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 22, wherein sending the control data comprises sending, to the second premises device and via one or more of a gateway device located at the premises or the second application server, the control data. 26. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 22, wherein the premises data indicates one or more of a change in a state of the first premises device, entry to the premises, exit from the premises, locking of a door, unlocking of the door, or a change in a temperature setting, and wherein the control data is configured to cause a change in state of the second premises device. 27. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 26, wherein the first premises device comprises one or more of a door lock, a security device, a security system, or a thermostat, and wherein the second premises device comprises one or more of a security system, security device, a thermostat, a light, a door lock, a heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system, or a network device. 28. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 22, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause causing output, via a user device, of an indication of the premises data and an indication of a state change caused by the control data. 29. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 22, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause determining that the second premises device is associated with the second application server, wherein sending the control data comprises sending, via the second application server and to the second premises device, the control data. 30. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 22, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause:
receiving, based on user input via a user interface, data indicative of a command associated with the first premises device; determining that the first application server is associated with the first premises device; and sending, to the first application server, the data indicative of the command. 31. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 22, wherein the first application server and the first premises device are associated with a first proprietary system, and wherein the second application server and the second premises device are associated with a second proprietary system. | 3,700 |
349,466 | 16,807,083 | 3,747 | Aspects of the present disclosure relate to an apparatus for filtering a fluid. One exemplary aspect including a casing having an interior cavity and extending between a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet at opposed ends thereof, a tube sheet assembly spanning the interior cavity the tube sheet assembly having a plurality bores therethrough and a plurality of filter media tubes each extending from one of the plurality of bores in the tube sheet assembly. In some exemplary aspects, the tube sheet assembly may comprise a plurality of retaining plates sandwiched together with a tube sheet plate. In some exemplary aspects, the apparatus may further comprise at least one restrictor plate adapted to obstruct at least one of the plurality of bores of the tube sheet. | 1. An apparatus filtering a fluid comprising:
a casing having an interior cavity and extending between a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet at opposed ends thereof; a tube sheet assembly spanning said interior cavity said tube sheet assembly having a plurality bores therethrough; and a plurality of filter media tubes each extending from one of said plurality of bores in said tube sheet assembly. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said tube sheet assembly comprises a plurality of retaining plates sandwiched together with a tube sheet plate. 3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said tube sheet plate and said retaining plates are bolted together. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said retaining plates each comprises a plurality of segments arranged along a common plane with each other to form a common retaining plate. 5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said segments comprise radial segments forming a common circular retaining plate. 6. The apparatus of claim 5 further comprising support braces extending along connecting edges of said tube sheet segments. 7. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said radial segments each form a radial angle between 30 and 90 degrees. 8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said casing comprises a unitary construction having a permanently connected top portion. 9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said top portion includes at least one access port therethrough into said interior cavity. 10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said at least one access port is sized to permit elements forming said tube sheet assembly to be passed therethrough. 11. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising at least one restrictor plate adapted to obstruct at least one of said plurality of bores of said tube sheet assembly. 12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said at least one restrictor plate comprises one of a plurality of configurations wherein each configuration obstructs a unique number of bores in said tube sheet assembly. 13. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said plurality of restrictor plates have an outline corresponding to radial segments forming said tube sheet assembly. 14. The apparatus of claim 1 further including a suspension rod extending from said top portion of casing to said tube sheet assembly for supporting said tube sheet assembly. 15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said interior cavity includes a downwardly oriented shelf. 16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said tube sheet assembly is drawn upwards into engagement with said downwardly oriented shelf. 17. The apparatus of claim 16 further including an actuator operable to draw said suspension rod in an upward direction so as to engage said tube sheet assembly on said downwardly oriented shelf. 18. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said suspension rod and said tube sheet assembly are rotatable about a vertical axis. 19. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said casing includes a rotary seal surrounding said suspension rod. 20. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein said rotary seal comprises a bushing sealably surrounding said suspension rod and a bushing support sleeve supported by a top portion of said casing. 21. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein said bushing support sleeve comprises a unitary tubular member having a cylindrical shell and a bottom shoulder wherein said bushing is received within said cylindrical shell and supported by said bottom shoulder. 22. The apparatus of claim 21 further comprising a seal between said bushing and said bottom shoulder. 23. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein said actuator comprises an air spring assembly connected to a top end of said bushing support sleeve and a top end of said suspension rod. 24. The apparatus of claim 23 wherein said bushing extends to a bushing retaining plate between said bushing and said air spring assembly. 25. The apparatus of claim 24 further comprising at least one shim between said bushing and said air spring assembly. | Aspects of the present disclosure relate to an apparatus for filtering a fluid. One exemplary aspect including a casing having an interior cavity and extending between a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet at opposed ends thereof, a tube sheet assembly spanning the interior cavity the tube sheet assembly having a plurality bores therethrough and a plurality of filter media tubes each extending from one of the plurality of bores in the tube sheet assembly. In some exemplary aspects, the tube sheet assembly may comprise a plurality of retaining plates sandwiched together with a tube sheet plate. In some exemplary aspects, the apparatus may further comprise at least one restrictor plate adapted to obstruct at least one of the plurality of bores of the tube sheet.1. An apparatus filtering a fluid comprising:
a casing having an interior cavity and extending between a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet at opposed ends thereof; a tube sheet assembly spanning said interior cavity said tube sheet assembly having a plurality bores therethrough; and a plurality of filter media tubes each extending from one of said plurality of bores in said tube sheet assembly. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said tube sheet assembly comprises a plurality of retaining plates sandwiched together with a tube sheet plate. 3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said tube sheet plate and said retaining plates are bolted together. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said retaining plates each comprises a plurality of segments arranged along a common plane with each other to form a common retaining plate. 5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said segments comprise radial segments forming a common circular retaining plate. 6. The apparatus of claim 5 further comprising support braces extending along connecting edges of said tube sheet segments. 7. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said radial segments each form a radial angle between 30 and 90 degrees. 8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said casing comprises a unitary construction having a permanently connected top portion. 9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said top portion includes at least one access port therethrough into said interior cavity. 10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said at least one access port is sized to permit elements forming said tube sheet assembly to be passed therethrough. 11. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising at least one restrictor plate adapted to obstruct at least one of said plurality of bores of said tube sheet assembly. 12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said at least one restrictor plate comprises one of a plurality of configurations wherein each configuration obstructs a unique number of bores in said tube sheet assembly. 13. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said plurality of restrictor plates have an outline corresponding to radial segments forming said tube sheet assembly. 14. The apparatus of claim 1 further including a suspension rod extending from said top portion of casing to said tube sheet assembly for supporting said tube sheet assembly. 15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said interior cavity includes a downwardly oriented shelf. 16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said tube sheet assembly is drawn upwards into engagement with said downwardly oriented shelf. 17. The apparatus of claim 16 further including an actuator operable to draw said suspension rod in an upward direction so as to engage said tube sheet assembly on said downwardly oriented shelf. 18. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said suspension rod and said tube sheet assembly are rotatable about a vertical axis. 19. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said casing includes a rotary seal surrounding said suspension rod. 20. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein said rotary seal comprises a bushing sealably surrounding said suspension rod and a bushing support sleeve supported by a top portion of said casing. 21. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein said bushing support sleeve comprises a unitary tubular member having a cylindrical shell and a bottom shoulder wherein said bushing is received within said cylindrical shell and supported by said bottom shoulder. 22. The apparatus of claim 21 further comprising a seal between said bushing and said bottom shoulder. 23. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein said actuator comprises an air spring assembly connected to a top end of said bushing support sleeve and a top end of said suspension rod. 24. The apparatus of claim 23 wherein said bushing extends to a bushing retaining plate between said bushing and said air spring assembly. 25. The apparatus of claim 24 further comprising at least one shim between said bushing and said air spring assembly. | 3,700 |
349,467 | 16,807,082 | 3,747 | In order to obtain competitive pricing for vehicle servicing, a pricing service provider is used to obtain pricing data from a plurality of service vendors. In at least some embodiments, one or more of the following types of additional information for each vendor will be provided along with the pricing data, to enable the consumer (the owner or operator of the vehicle) to make an informed selection: a rating of the vendor, a relative distance between the consumer (or known vehicle location) and the vendor, and a time period defining when the vendor will be able to accommodate the service. In at least some embodiments, a pricing service provider hosts a reverse auction for the benefit of the consumer. In at least some embodiment, the pricing service provider hosts a webpage upon which results of the service requests from the plurality of vendors are displayed. | 1. A system for receiving vehicle data for a specific vehicle, the system comprising:
a memory in which a plurality of machine instructions are stored; a data link for receiving a vehicle service request; a processor coupled to the memory and to the data link, said processor executing the machine instructions to carry out a plurality of functions, including:
instructing an operator of the specific vehicle to acquire electronic vehicle performance data on the specific vehicle and to transmit the electronic vehicle performance data acquired by the operator on the specific vehicle over the data link, the electronic vehicle performance data being useful in diagnosing a vehicle service;
after receiving the electronic vehicle performance data from the specific vehicle, evaluating the electronic vehicle performance data from the specific vehicle to validate the vehicle service that is required;
upon validating the vehicle service that is required, conveying the vehicle service request to a plurality of vendors, to enable each vendor interested in responding to the vehicle service request to provide a vendor response; and
after receiving a vendor response from a vendor, conveying the vendor response to one or more of the operator of the specific vehicle and a third party. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein machine instructions cause the processor to carry out a reverse auction for servicing the specific vehicle based on the vehicle service request, wherein any vendor interested in servicing the specific vehicle is permitted to enter a bid. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the electronic vehicle performance data includes at least one of the following types of operational data: engine coolant temperature, engine speed, throttle position, brake temperature, vehicle speed, brake position, and gearbox parameters. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein machine instructions cause the processor to receive the vendor response using one or more communication techniques including:
communicating the vendor response via email; communicating the vendor response via a text message on a cellular phone; communicating the vendor response via a voicemail message; generating a webpage upon which vendor information can be viewed, the vendor information including information about the vendor and the vendor response; and updating a previously generated webpage to add vendor information for an additional vendor. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein at least one webpage displays a reverse auction and each vendor can access the at least one webpage and adjust their vendor response based on vendor responses offered by other vendors, in order to stimulate competitive price quotes. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein at least one webpage provides at least one type of additional information selected from a group of additional information consisting of:
an indication of how quickly each vendor can provide service for the specific vehicle, based on data provided by each vendor, including a time for parts to service the specific vehicle to be ordered; and a distance between a future vehicle location where the specific vehicle will be located when it will be available to be repaired and each vendor, based, in part, on the future vehicle location being included with the vehicle performance data. 7. The system of claim 4, wherein at least one webpage provides a rating of each vendor, wherein the rating is displayed on the at least one webpage as at least one graphic icon representing the vendor's quality rating adjacent to an identification of the vendor, where a relatively greater number of graphic icons indicates a relatively better quality rating for the vendor, wherein at least one such graphic icon comprises a wrench representing such qualification. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein machine instructions further cause the processor to carry out a function of using the processor to analyze the electronic vehicle performance data to diagnose what service is required, wherein the analysis is implemented before the electronic vehicle performance data is conveyed to the plurality of vendors, such that the service diagnosis is included in vehicle information conveyed to each vendor. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein machine instructions carry out a function causing the processor to convey the price quote in a manner that withholds vendor identification information to ensure that the operator of the vehicle and vendor cannot complete a transaction without interacting with a host requesting the vendor response from the vendors. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein receiving the vendor response includes receiving at least one type of additional information along with the vendor response, the at least one type of additional information being selected from a group of additional information consisting of:
an indication of how quickly each vendor can provide service for the specific vehicle, based on data provided by each vendor; and a distance between a vehicle location where the specific vehicle will be located when it will be available to be repaired and each vendor, based, in part, on vehicle location data included in the vehicle service request. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the third party receiving the vendor response from the vendor is one or more of:
an owner of the vehicle; a fleet operator; a private individual consumer; and a third party monitoring service that monitors data acquired from the vehicle to determine service needs of the vehicle. 12. A system mounted on a vehicle comprising:
a memory having plurality of machine instructions are stored; a communication link configured to send and receive data at the vehicle; a processor coupled to the memory and to the communication link, said processor executing the machine instructions to carry out a plurality of functions, including:
acquiring electronic vehicle performance data on the specific vehicle and transmitting the acquired electronic vehicle performance data on the specific vehicle over the communication link, the electronic vehicle performance data being useful in diagnosing a vehicle component for which service is required;
evaluating the electronic vehicle performance data from the specific vehicle to validate the vehicle service that is required;
conveying the vehicle service request to a plurality of vendors;
receiving a vendor response from a vendor that offers to provide the required service and a price at which they will provide the service; and
conveying the vendor response to a party who is able to take steps towards completing the required service. 13. The system of claim 12 wherein the party is the operator of the vehicle. 14. The system of claim 12 wherein the party is an individual are company that monitors data acquired from the vehicle to determine service needs of the vehicle. 15. A method for receiving vehicle diagnostic information for a specific vehicle from a diagnostic device that includes, a memory in which a plurality of machine instructions are stored, a data link for receiving the vehicle service request, and a processor coupled to the memory and to the data link, the processor executing the machine instructions to carry out a plurality of functions, the method comprising:
acquiring electronic vehicle performance data on the specific vehicle and to transmit the electronic vehicle performance data acquired by the operator on the specific vehicle over the data link, the electronic vehicle performance data being useful in diagnosing a vehicle service; after receiving the electronic vehicle performance data from the specific vehicle, evaluating the electronic vehicle performance data from the specific vehicle to validate the vehicle service that is required; upon validating the vehicle service that is required, conveying the vehicle service request to a plurality of vendors, to enable each vendor interested in responding to the vehicle service request to provide a vendor response; and after receiving a vendor response from a vendor, conveying the vendor response to one or more of the operator of the specific vehicle and a third party. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising: causing the processor to carry out a reverse auction for servicing the specific vehicle based on the vehicle service request, wherein any vendor interested in servicing the specific vehicle enters a bid. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
displaying on at least one webpage, a reverse auction that each vendor can access, and enabling each vendor to adjust its vendor response based on other vendor responses offered by other vendors, to stimulate competitive price quotes. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising: causing the processor to convey the price quote in a manner that withholds vendor identification information to ensure that the operator of the vehicle operator and vendor cannot complete a transaction without interacting with a host requesting the vendor response from the vendors. | In order to obtain competitive pricing for vehicle servicing, a pricing service provider is used to obtain pricing data from a plurality of service vendors. In at least some embodiments, one or more of the following types of additional information for each vendor will be provided along with the pricing data, to enable the consumer (the owner or operator of the vehicle) to make an informed selection: a rating of the vendor, a relative distance between the consumer (or known vehicle location) and the vendor, and a time period defining when the vendor will be able to accommodate the service. In at least some embodiments, a pricing service provider hosts a reverse auction for the benefit of the consumer. In at least some embodiment, the pricing service provider hosts a webpage upon which results of the service requests from the plurality of vendors are displayed.1. A system for receiving vehicle data for a specific vehicle, the system comprising:
a memory in which a plurality of machine instructions are stored; a data link for receiving a vehicle service request; a processor coupled to the memory and to the data link, said processor executing the machine instructions to carry out a plurality of functions, including:
instructing an operator of the specific vehicle to acquire electronic vehicle performance data on the specific vehicle and to transmit the electronic vehicle performance data acquired by the operator on the specific vehicle over the data link, the electronic vehicle performance data being useful in diagnosing a vehicle service;
after receiving the electronic vehicle performance data from the specific vehicle, evaluating the electronic vehicle performance data from the specific vehicle to validate the vehicle service that is required;
upon validating the vehicle service that is required, conveying the vehicle service request to a plurality of vendors, to enable each vendor interested in responding to the vehicle service request to provide a vendor response; and
after receiving a vendor response from a vendor, conveying the vendor response to one or more of the operator of the specific vehicle and a third party. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein machine instructions cause the processor to carry out a reverse auction for servicing the specific vehicle based on the vehicle service request, wherein any vendor interested in servicing the specific vehicle is permitted to enter a bid. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the electronic vehicle performance data includes at least one of the following types of operational data: engine coolant temperature, engine speed, throttle position, brake temperature, vehicle speed, brake position, and gearbox parameters. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein machine instructions cause the processor to receive the vendor response using one or more communication techniques including:
communicating the vendor response via email; communicating the vendor response via a text message on a cellular phone; communicating the vendor response via a voicemail message; generating a webpage upon which vendor information can be viewed, the vendor information including information about the vendor and the vendor response; and updating a previously generated webpage to add vendor information for an additional vendor. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein at least one webpage displays a reverse auction and each vendor can access the at least one webpage and adjust their vendor response based on vendor responses offered by other vendors, in order to stimulate competitive price quotes. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein at least one webpage provides at least one type of additional information selected from a group of additional information consisting of:
an indication of how quickly each vendor can provide service for the specific vehicle, based on data provided by each vendor, including a time for parts to service the specific vehicle to be ordered; and a distance between a future vehicle location where the specific vehicle will be located when it will be available to be repaired and each vendor, based, in part, on the future vehicle location being included with the vehicle performance data. 7. The system of claim 4, wherein at least one webpage provides a rating of each vendor, wherein the rating is displayed on the at least one webpage as at least one graphic icon representing the vendor's quality rating adjacent to an identification of the vendor, where a relatively greater number of graphic icons indicates a relatively better quality rating for the vendor, wherein at least one such graphic icon comprises a wrench representing such qualification. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein machine instructions further cause the processor to carry out a function of using the processor to analyze the electronic vehicle performance data to diagnose what service is required, wherein the analysis is implemented before the electronic vehicle performance data is conveyed to the plurality of vendors, such that the service diagnosis is included in vehicle information conveyed to each vendor. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein machine instructions carry out a function causing the processor to convey the price quote in a manner that withholds vendor identification information to ensure that the operator of the vehicle and vendor cannot complete a transaction without interacting with a host requesting the vendor response from the vendors. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein receiving the vendor response includes receiving at least one type of additional information along with the vendor response, the at least one type of additional information being selected from a group of additional information consisting of:
an indication of how quickly each vendor can provide service for the specific vehicle, based on data provided by each vendor; and a distance between a vehicle location where the specific vehicle will be located when it will be available to be repaired and each vendor, based, in part, on vehicle location data included in the vehicle service request. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the third party receiving the vendor response from the vendor is one or more of:
an owner of the vehicle; a fleet operator; a private individual consumer; and a third party monitoring service that monitors data acquired from the vehicle to determine service needs of the vehicle. 12. A system mounted on a vehicle comprising:
a memory having plurality of machine instructions are stored; a communication link configured to send and receive data at the vehicle; a processor coupled to the memory and to the communication link, said processor executing the machine instructions to carry out a plurality of functions, including:
acquiring electronic vehicle performance data on the specific vehicle and transmitting the acquired electronic vehicle performance data on the specific vehicle over the communication link, the electronic vehicle performance data being useful in diagnosing a vehicle component for which service is required;
evaluating the electronic vehicle performance data from the specific vehicle to validate the vehicle service that is required;
conveying the vehicle service request to a plurality of vendors;
receiving a vendor response from a vendor that offers to provide the required service and a price at which they will provide the service; and
conveying the vendor response to a party who is able to take steps towards completing the required service. 13. The system of claim 12 wherein the party is the operator of the vehicle. 14. The system of claim 12 wherein the party is an individual are company that monitors data acquired from the vehicle to determine service needs of the vehicle. 15. A method for receiving vehicle diagnostic information for a specific vehicle from a diagnostic device that includes, a memory in which a plurality of machine instructions are stored, a data link for receiving the vehicle service request, and a processor coupled to the memory and to the data link, the processor executing the machine instructions to carry out a plurality of functions, the method comprising:
acquiring electronic vehicle performance data on the specific vehicle and to transmit the electronic vehicle performance data acquired by the operator on the specific vehicle over the data link, the electronic vehicle performance data being useful in diagnosing a vehicle service; after receiving the electronic vehicle performance data from the specific vehicle, evaluating the electronic vehicle performance data from the specific vehicle to validate the vehicle service that is required; upon validating the vehicle service that is required, conveying the vehicle service request to a plurality of vendors, to enable each vendor interested in responding to the vehicle service request to provide a vendor response; and after receiving a vendor response from a vendor, conveying the vendor response to one or more of the operator of the specific vehicle and a third party. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising: causing the processor to carry out a reverse auction for servicing the specific vehicle based on the vehicle service request, wherein any vendor interested in servicing the specific vehicle enters a bid. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
displaying on at least one webpage, a reverse auction that each vendor can access, and enabling each vendor to adjust its vendor response based on other vendor responses offered by other vendors, to stimulate competitive price quotes. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising: causing the processor to convey the price quote in a manner that withholds vendor identification information to ensure that the operator of the vehicle operator and vendor cannot complete a transaction without interacting with a host requesting the vendor response from the vendors. | 3,700 |
349,468 | 16,807,064 | 3,747 | Systems and methods for decentralized risk propagation by auditing dynamically routed data are provided. A proxy installed on a client device receives a data stream and scans the data stream for classification parameters associated with sensitive data. The client information and the client device information are stored in a distributed ledger system. A data stream is broken down to data packets, tagged using known libraries containing characteristics of a classification, and routed based on applicable policies governing each classification. The tagged data packets and the metadata of the data packet are stored on the distributed ledger system. The path of the data packet, reasons for such routing, and whether consent was obtained to use the data in the data packet by service infrastructures are also stored in the distributed ledger system for auditability. Data stored in the distributed ledger may be stored as a hash digest. | 1. A method for decentralized risk propagation, the method comprising:
receiving information regarding a classification of at least one data packet as sensitive based on a scan detecting one or more parameters associated with a sensitive data type; tagging the at least one data packet with a tag in accordance with the classification, wherein the tag is indicative of a route of the at least one data packet; updating a distributed ledger system associated with the at least one data packet, wherein the distributed ledger system associated with the at least one data packet is updated to include the tag; and auditing the at least one data packet based on the updated distributed ledger system. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the scan detecting the one or more parameters associated with the sensitive data type is performed by a proxy installed on a client device associated with the at least one data packet. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein tagging the data packet is further based on a library that stores a plurality of parameters corresponding to the sensitive data type. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein updating the distributed ledger system is further based on a hash digest of the at least one data packet. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein updating the distributed ledger system is further based on metadata regarding the at least one data packet. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the metadata includes at least one of a source of the at least one data packet, attempts to access other data, and behavioral characteristics of the at least one data packet. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein updating the distributed ledger system is further based on data regarding a client device associated with the at least one data packet. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein updating the distributed ledger is further based on information about the route of the at least one data packet. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein updating the distributed ledger is further based on consent information from an owner of the at least one data packet. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the distributed ledger includes a plurality of blockchain records. 11. A system for decentralized risk propagation, the system comprising:
a distributed ledger system that stores information regarding a plurality of data packets; and a proxy installed on a client device and executable by a processor, wherein the execution of the proxy:
receives information regarding classification of at least one data packet as sensitive based on a scan detecting one or more parameters associated with a sensitive data type;
tags the at least one data packet with a tag in accordance with the classification, wherein the tag is indicative of a route of the at least one data packet;
updates the distributed ledger system associated with the at least one data packet, wherein the distributed ledger system associated with the at least one data packet is updated to include the tag; and
audits the at least one data packet based on the updated distributed ledger system. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the proxy further performs the scan that detects the one or more parameters associated with the sensitive data type. 13. The system of claim 11, further comprising a library that stores a plurality of parameters of the sensitive data type, wherein the proxy tags the at least one data packet based on the library. 14. The system of claim 11, further comprising a hash generator that generates a hash digest of the at least one data packet, wherein the distributed ledger system is updated based on the hash digest of the at least one data packet. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the distributed ledger system is updated based on metadata regarding the at least one data packet. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the metadata includes at least one of source of the at least one data packet, attempts to access other data, and behavioral characteristics of the at least one data packet. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the distributed ledger system is updated based on data regarding a client device associated with the at least one data packet. 18. The system of claim 11, further comprising one or more service infrastructures associated with the route of the at least one data packet, wherein the distributed ledger system is updated based on information regarding the service infrastructures associated with the route of the at least one data packet. 19. The system of claim 11, further comprising a consent service that confirms consent information associated with the at least one data packet by an owner of the at least one data packet, wherein the distributed ledger system is updated based on the consent information. 20. The system of claim 11, wherein the distributed ledger system includes a plurality of blockchain records. 21. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, having embodied thereon a program executable by a processor to perform a method for managing data stream identity, the method comprising:
receiving information regarding classification of at least one data packet as sensitive based on a scan detecting one or more parameters associated with a sensitive data type; tagging the at least one data packet with a tag in accordance with the classification, wherein the tag is indicative of a route of the at least one data packet; updating a distributed ledger system associated with the at least one data packet, wherein the distributed ledger system associated with the at least one data packet is updated to include the tag; and auditing the at least one data packet based on the updated distributed ledger system. | Systems and methods for decentralized risk propagation by auditing dynamically routed data are provided. A proxy installed on a client device receives a data stream and scans the data stream for classification parameters associated with sensitive data. The client information and the client device information are stored in a distributed ledger system. A data stream is broken down to data packets, tagged using known libraries containing characteristics of a classification, and routed based on applicable policies governing each classification. The tagged data packets and the metadata of the data packet are stored on the distributed ledger system. The path of the data packet, reasons for such routing, and whether consent was obtained to use the data in the data packet by service infrastructures are also stored in the distributed ledger system for auditability. Data stored in the distributed ledger may be stored as a hash digest.1. A method for decentralized risk propagation, the method comprising:
receiving information regarding a classification of at least one data packet as sensitive based on a scan detecting one or more parameters associated with a sensitive data type; tagging the at least one data packet with a tag in accordance with the classification, wherein the tag is indicative of a route of the at least one data packet; updating a distributed ledger system associated with the at least one data packet, wherein the distributed ledger system associated with the at least one data packet is updated to include the tag; and auditing the at least one data packet based on the updated distributed ledger system. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the scan detecting the one or more parameters associated with the sensitive data type is performed by a proxy installed on a client device associated with the at least one data packet. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein tagging the data packet is further based on a library that stores a plurality of parameters corresponding to the sensitive data type. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein updating the distributed ledger system is further based on a hash digest of the at least one data packet. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein updating the distributed ledger system is further based on metadata regarding the at least one data packet. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the metadata includes at least one of a source of the at least one data packet, attempts to access other data, and behavioral characteristics of the at least one data packet. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein updating the distributed ledger system is further based on data regarding a client device associated with the at least one data packet. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein updating the distributed ledger is further based on information about the route of the at least one data packet. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein updating the distributed ledger is further based on consent information from an owner of the at least one data packet. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the distributed ledger includes a plurality of blockchain records. 11. A system for decentralized risk propagation, the system comprising:
a distributed ledger system that stores information regarding a plurality of data packets; and a proxy installed on a client device and executable by a processor, wherein the execution of the proxy:
receives information regarding classification of at least one data packet as sensitive based on a scan detecting one or more parameters associated with a sensitive data type;
tags the at least one data packet with a tag in accordance with the classification, wherein the tag is indicative of a route of the at least one data packet;
updates the distributed ledger system associated with the at least one data packet, wherein the distributed ledger system associated with the at least one data packet is updated to include the tag; and
audits the at least one data packet based on the updated distributed ledger system. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the proxy further performs the scan that detects the one or more parameters associated with the sensitive data type. 13. The system of claim 11, further comprising a library that stores a plurality of parameters of the sensitive data type, wherein the proxy tags the at least one data packet based on the library. 14. The system of claim 11, further comprising a hash generator that generates a hash digest of the at least one data packet, wherein the distributed ledger system is updated based on the hash digest of the at least one data packet. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the distributed ledger system is updated based on metadata regarding the at least one data packet. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the metadata includes at least one of source of the at least one data packet, attempts to access other data, and behavioral characteristics of the at least one data packet. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the distributed ledger system is updated based on data regarding a client device associated with the at least one data packet. 18. The system of claim 11, further comprising one or more service infrastructures associated with the route of the at least one data packet, wherein the distributed ledger system is updated based on information regarding the service infrastructures associated with the route of the at least one data packet. 19. The system of claim 11, further comprising a consent service that confirms consent information associated with the at least one data packet by an owner of the at least one data packet, wherein the distributed ledger system is updated based on the consent information. 20. The system of claim 11, wherein the distributed ledger system includes a plurality of blockchain records. 21. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, having embodied thereon a program executable by a processor to perform a method for managing data stream identity, the method comprising:
receiving information regarding classification of at least one data packet as sensitive based on a scan detecting one or more parameters associated with a sensitive data type; tagging the at least one data packet with a tag in accordance with the classification, wherein the tag is indicative of a route of the at least one data packet; updating a distributed ledger system associated with the at least one data packet, wherein the distributed ledger system associated with the at least one data packet is updated to include the tag; and auditing the at least one data packet based on the updated distributed ledger system. | 3,700 |
349,469 | 16,807,054 | 3,747 | Methods, apparatus, and systems for monitoring a network. A customer premise equipment device is registered with a spectrum access system. The spectrum access system is informed of a count of subscriber identification module (SIM) cards and a count of radios in the customer premise equipment device and is informed of a frequency and an identity of the network to monitor. One or more measurements are performed by the customer premise equipment device based on the frequency and the identity of the network and the one or more measurements are sent to a managing server. | 1. A method, the method comprising the operations of:
registering a customer premise equipment device with a spectrum access system; informing the spectrum access system of a count of subscriber identification module (SIM) cards and a count of radios in the customer premise equipment device; informing the spectrum access system of a frequency and an identity of the network to monitor; performing, by the customer premise equipment device, one or more measurements based on the frequency and the identity of the network; and sending the one or more measurements to a managing server. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the measurements comprise one or more of a reference signal received power (RSRP) value, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) value, and a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) value. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the measurements are performed during a configuration of the network, at a prescheduled time, when the customer premise equipment device has available resources, or when resource usage of the customer premise equipment device is under a specified load threshold. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein each measurement is marked with a location of the customer premise equipment device. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein, in the registering step, the customer premise equipment device comprises a base station-type device that comprises at least one of said subscriber identification module (SIM) cards and that is configured to connect to any other base station in the network to receive data and voice services. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
comparing one or more measurements for each of a plurality of base stations of a plurality of networks; selecting the network having the base station with the greatest signal strength; and transferring information from the customer premise equipment device via the selected network. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the customer premise equipment device performs the one or more measurements via a first subscriber identification module (SIM) card and the customer premise equipment device transfers information via a second subscriber identification module (SIM) card. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising changing one or more dynamic software components of the customer premise equipment device based on at least one of a mobile network operator (MNO), a multiple systems operator (MSO), a user terminal, quality of service delivered, a wireless channel condition, a location of the customer premise equipment device, a hardware version of the customer premise equipment device, a software version of the customer premise equipment device, a location of a Citizens Broadband Radio Service device, a hardware version of a Citizens Broadband Radio Service device, a software version of a Citizens Broadband Radio Service device, and a load of the customer premise equipment device. 9. A customer premise equipment device comprising:
a first subscriber identification module (SIM) and a second subscriber identification module (SIM); a memory; and at least one processor coupled to said memory and in data communication with said first subscriber identification module (SIM), and said second subscriber identification module (SIM); wherein said at least one processor coupled to said memory, said first subscriber identification module (SIM), and said second subscriber identification module (SIM) are cooperatively configured to perform operations comprising:
registering the customer premise equipment device with a spectrum access system;
informing the spectrum access system of a count of subscriber identification module (SIM) cards and a count of radios in the customer premise device;
informing the spectrum access system of a frequency and an identity of the network to monitor;
performing, by the customer premise equipment device, one or more measurements based on the frequency and the identity of the network; and
sending the one or more measurements to a managing server. 10. The customer premise equipment device of claim 9, wherein the measurements comprise one or more of a reference signal received power (RSRP) value, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) value, and a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) value. 11. The customer premise equipment device of claim 9, wherein said at least one processor coupled to said memory, said first subscriber identification module (SIM), and said second subscriber identification module (SIM) are further cooperatively configured to perform the measurements during a configuration of the network, at a prescheduled time, when the customer premise equipment device has available resources, or when a resource usage of the customer premise equipment device is under a specified load threshold. 12. The customer premise equipment device of claim 9, wherein each measurement is marked with a location of the customer premise equipment device. 13. The customer premise equipment device of claim 9, wherein the customer premise equipment device comprises a base station-type device and wherein the customer premise equipment device is configured to connect to any other base station in the network to receive data and voice services. 14. The customer premise equipment device of claim 9, wherein said at least one processor coupled to said memory, said first subscriber identification module (SIM), and said second subscriber identification module (SIM) are further cooperatively configured to:
compare one or more measurements for each of a plurality of base stations of a plurality of networks; select the network having the base station with the greatest signal strength; and transfer information from the customer premise equipment device via the selected network. 15. The customer premise equipment device of claim 9, wherein the customer premise equipment device performs the one or more measurements via the first subscriber identification module (SIM) card and the customer premise equipment device transfers information via the second subscriber identification module (SIM) card. 16. The customer premise equipment device of claim 9, the operations further comprising changing one or more dynamic software components of the customer premise equipment device based on at least one of a mobile network operator (MNO), a multiple systems operator (MSO), a user terminal, quality of service delivered, a wireless channel condition, a location of the customer premise equipment device, a hardware version of the customer premise equipment device, a software version of the customer premise equipment device, a location of a Citizens Broadband Radio Service device, a hardware version of a Citizens Broadband Radio Service device, a software version of a Citizens Broadband Radio Service device, and a load of the customer premise equipment device. 17. A system comprising:
a licensed spectrum network configured to provide wireless coverage; one or more base stations configured to wirelessly communicate with the licensed spectrum network; a citizens broadband radio service network; a spectrum access system; a customer premise equipment device configured to wirelessly communicate with the licensed spectrum network and configured to communicate with the citizens broadband radio service network, the customer premise equipment device comprising:
a first subscriber identification module (SIM) and a second subscriber identification module (SIM);
a memory; and
at least one processor coupled to the memory and in data communication with the first subscriber identification module (SIM), and the second subscriber identification module (SIM);
wherein the at least one processor coupled to the memory, the first subscriber identification module (SIM), and the second subscriber identification module (SIM) are cooperatively configured to perform operations comprising:
registering the customer premise equipment device with the spectrum access system;
informing the spectrum access system of a count of subscriber identification module (SIM) cards and a count of radios in the customer premise equipment device;
informing the spectrum access system of a frequency and an identity of the licensed spectrum network to monitor;
performing one or more measurements based on the frequency and the identity of the licensed spectrum network; and
sending the one or more measurements to a managing server. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the measurements comprise one or more of a reference signal received power (RSRP) value, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) value, and a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) value. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the measurements are performed during a configuration of the citizens broadband radio service network, at a prescheduled time, when the customer premise equipment device has available resources, or when resource usage of the customer premise equipment device is under a specified load threshold. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein each measurement is marked with a location of the customer premise equipment device. 21. The system of claim 17, wherein, in the registering step, the customer premise equipment device comprises a base station-type device that comprises at least one of said subscriber identification module (SIM) cards and that is configured to connect to any other base station in the licensed spectrum network to receive data and voice services. 22. The system of claim 17, further comprising:
comparing one or more measurements for each of a plurality of base stations of a plurality of licensed spectrum networks; selecting the licensed spectrum network having the base station with the greatest signal strength; and transferring information from the customer premise equipment device via the selected licensed spectrum network. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein the customer premise equipment device performs the comparison and selecting operations. 24. The system of claim 22, wherein at least one of the base stations performs the comparison and selecting operations. 25. The system of claim 22, wherein the customer premise equipment device performs the one or more measurements via a first subscriber identification module (SIM) card and the customer premise equipment device transfers information via a second subscriber identification module (SIM) card. 26. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising computer executable instructions which when executed by a processor cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
registering a customer premise equipment device with a spectrum access system; informing the spectrum access system of a count of subscriber identification module (SIM) cards and a count of radios in the customer premise equipment device; informing the spectrum access system of a frequency and an identity of the network to monitor; performing, via the customer premise equipment device, one or more measurements based on the frequency and the identity of the network; and sending the one or more measurements to a managing server. | Methods, apparatus, and systems for monitoring a network. A customer premise equipment device is registered with a spectrum access system. The spectrum access system is informed of a count of subscriber identification module (SIM) cards and a count of radios in the customer premise equipment device and is informed of a frequency and an identity of the network to monitor. One or more measurements are performed by the customer premise equipment device based on the frequency and the identity of the network and the one or more measurements are sent to a managing server.1. A method, the method comprising the operations of:
registering a customer premise equipment device with a spectrum access system; informing the spectrum access system of a count of subscriber identification module (SIM) cards and a count of radios in the customer premise equipment device; informing the spectrum access system of a frequency and an identity of the network to monitor; performing, by the customer premise equipment device, one or more measurements based on the frequency and the identity of the network; and sending the one or more measurements to a managing server. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the measurements comprise one or more of a reference signal received power (RSRP) value, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) value, and a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) value. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the measurements are performed during a configuration of the network, at a prescheduled time, when the customer premise equipment device has available resources, or when resource usage of the customer premise equipment device is under a specified load threshold. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein each measurement is marked with a location of the customer premise equipment device. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein, in the registering step, the customer premise equipment device comprises a base station-type device that comprises at least one of said subscriber identification module (SIM) cards and that is configured to connect to any other base station in the network to receive data and voice services. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
comparing one or more measurements for each of a plurality of base stations of a plurality of networks; selecting the network having the base station with the greatest signal strength; and transferring information from the customer premise equipment device via the selected network. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the customer premise equipment device performs the one or more measurements via a first subscriber identification module (SIM) card and the customer premise equipment device transfers information via a second subscriber identification module (SIM) card. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising changing one or more dynamic software components of the customer premise equipment device based on at least one of a mobile network operator (MNO), a multiple systems operator (MSO), a user terminal, quality of service delivered, a wireless channel condition, a location of the customer premise equipment device, a hardware version of the customer premise equipment device, a software version of the customer premise equipment device, a location of a Citizens Broadband Radio Service device, a hardware version of a Citizens Broadband Radio Service device, a software version of a Citizens Broadband Radio Service device, and a load of the customer premise equipment device. 9. A customer premise equipment device comprising:
a first subscriber identification module (SIM) and a second subscriber identification module (SIM); a memory; and at least one processor coupled to said memory and in data communication with said first subscriber identification module (SIM), and said second subscriber identification module (SIM); wherein said at least one processor coupled to said memory, said first subscriber identification module (SIM), and said second subscriber identification module (SIM) are cooperatively configured to perform operations comprising:
registering the customer premise equipment device with a spectrum access system;
informing the spectrum access system of a count of subscriber identification module (SIM) cards and a count of radios in the customer premise device;
informing the spectrum access system of a frequency and an identity of the network to monitor;
performing, by the customer premise equipment device, one or more measurements based on the frequency and the identity of the network; and
sending the one or more measurements to a managing server. 10. The customer premise equipment device of claim 9, wherein the measurements comprise one or more of a reference signal received power (RSRP) value, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) value, and a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) value. 11. The customer premise equipment device of claim 9, wherein said at least one processor coupled to said memory, said first subscriber identification module (SIM), and said second subscriber identification module (SIM) are further cooperatively configured to perform the measurements during a configuration of the network, at a prescheduled time, when the customer premise equipment device has available resources, or when a resource usage of the customer premise equipment device is under a specified load threshold. 12. The customer premise equipment device of claim 9, wherein each measurement is marked with a location of the customer premise equipment device. 13. The customer premise equipment device of claim 9, wherein the customer premise equipment device comprises a base station-type device and wherein the customer premise equipment device is configured to connect to any other base station in the network to receive data and voice services. 14. The customer premise equipment device of claim 9, wherein said at least one processor coupled to said memory, said first subscriber identification module (SIM), and said second subscriber identification module (SIM) are further cooperatively configured to:
compare one or more measurements for each of a plurality of base stations of a plurality of networks; select the network having the base station with the greatest signal strength; and transfer information from the customer premise equipment device via the selected network. 15. The customer premise equipment device of claim 9, wherein the customer premise equipment device performs the one or more measurements via the first subscriber identification module (SIM) card and the customer premise equipment device transfers information via the second subscriber identification module (SIM) card. 16. The customer premise equipment device of claim 9, the operations further comprising changing one or more dynamic software components of the customer premise equipment device based on at least one of a mobile network operator (MNO), a multiple systems operator (MSO), a user terminal, quality of service delivered, a wireless channel condition, a location of the customer premise equipment device, a hardware version of the customer premise equipment device, a software version of the customer premise equipment device, a location of a Citizens Broadband Radio Service device, a hardware version of a Citizens Broadband Radio Service device, a software version of a Citizens Broadband Radio Service device, and a load of the customer premise equipment device. 17. A system comprising:
a licensed spectrum network configured to provide wireless coverage; one or more base stations configured to wirelessly communicate with the licensed spectrum network; a citizens broadband radio service network; a spectrum access system; a customer premise equipment device configured to wirelessly communicate with the licensed spectrum network and configured to communicate with the citizens broadband radio service network, the customer premise equipment device comprising:
a first subscriber identification module (SIM) and a second subscriber identification module (SIM);
a memory; and
at least one processor coupled to the memory and in data communication with the first subscriber identification module (SIM), and the second subscriber identification module (SIM);
wherein the at least one processor coupled to the memory, the first subscriber identification module (SIM), and the second subscriber identification module (SIM) are cooperatively configured to perform operations comprising:
registering the customer premise equipment device with the spectrum access system;
informing the spectrum access system of a count of subscriber identification module (SIM) cards and a count of radios in the customer premise equipment device;
informing the spectrum access system of a frequency and an identity of the licensed spectrum network to monitor;
performing one or more measurements based on the frequency and the identity of the licensed spectrum network; and
sending the one or more measurements to a managing server. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the measurements comprise one or more of a reference signal received power (RSRP) value, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) value, and a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) value. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the measurements are performed during a configuration of the citizens broadband radio service network, at a prescheduled time, when the customer premise equipment device has available resources, or when resource usage of the customer premise equipment device is under a specified load threshold. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein each measurement is marked with a location of the customer premise equipment device. 21. The system of claim 17, wherein, in the registering step, the customer premise equipment device comprises a base station-type device that comprises at least one of said subscriber identification module (SIM) cards and that is configured to connect to any other base station in the licensed spectrum network to receive data and voice services. 22. The system of claim 17, further comprising:
comparing one or more measurements for each of a plurality of base stations of a plurality of licensed spectrum networks; selecting the licensed spectrum network having the base station with the greatest signal strength; and transferring information from the customer premise equipment device via the selected licensed spectrum network. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein the customer premise equipment device performs the comparison and selecting operations. 24. The system of claim 22, wherein at least one of the base stations performs the comparison and selecting operations. 25. The system of claim 22, wherein the customer premise equipment device performs the one or more measurements via a first subscriber identification module (SIM) card and the customer premise equipment device transfers information via a second subscriber identification module (SIM) card. 26. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising computer executable instructions which when executed by a processor cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
registering a customer premise equipment device with a spectrum access system; informing the spectrum access system of a count of subscriber identification module (SIM) cards and a count of radios in the customer premise equipment device; informing the spectrum access system of a frequency and an identity of the network to monitor; performing, via the customer premise equipment device, one or more measurements based on the frequency and the identity of the network; and sending the one or more measurements to a managing server. | 3,700 |
349,470 | 16,807,080 | 2,496 | Embodiments are described of systems and methods for the creation, transmittal, review of, and related operations on, as well as the prevention, detection, and such, of unauthorized manipulation (e.g., substitution) of, high-value data files, including electronic documents. | 1. A method for transforming a generic software application provided to each member of a selected group of end-users into a customized software application for use by each member at a specific respective event in which the member participates, comprising:
(i) providing a generic software application to one or more members of the selected group of end-users; (ii) providing an event code to each member of the group provided with the generic software application in step (i), wherein each event code is unique to the specific respective event in which the member participates; (iii) instructing each member of the group provided with an event code in step (ii) to enter their event code into the generic software application provided in step (i); (iv) responsive to entry of the event code into the generic software application by each member, electronically requesting and receiving from a network-connected server information pertinent to the specific respective event in which the member participates; and (v) populating the generic software application provided in step (i) with the information requested and received in step (iv), whereby a customized software application is created for use by each member of the group during the specific respective event in which the member participates. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the event code comprises a string of at least four and no greater than eight alpha numeric characters. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the event code comprises no more than six alpha numeric characters. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said outputs comprise high-value data files. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein said high-value data files comprise electronic documents. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein said generic software application comprises secured electronic document creation software for taking exams. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein said group comprises untrusted agents. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein said untrusted agents comprise examinees. 9. A system for transforming a generic software application provided to one or more members of a selected group of end-users into a customized software application for use at a specific respective event, selected from a plurality of events, in which the member participates; the system comprising:
(i) a generic software application; (ii) an event code comprising a string of alphanumeric characters that are unique to the specific respective event in which the end-user participates; (iii) a display for presenting a user interface generated by the generic software application to the end-user, wherein the user interface comprises a field for entry of the event code by the end-user; (iv) one or more user-input devices disposed for communication with the generic software application permitting entry of the event code into the field by the end-user; and (v) an internet-connected server hosting information particular to the specific respective event in which the end-user participates; wherein the server is configured to electronically receive a request for the hosted information made by the generic software application upon entry of the event code into the field by the end-user, and to respond by electronically transmitting the requested information to the requesting generic software application; whereby, receipt of the information in step (v) transforms the generic software application into a customized software application for use by the end-user during the specific respective event in which the member participates; and, wherein the customized software application can be used by the end-user to produce a specific desired output within specific preset restrictions. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the event code comprises a string of at least four and no more than eight alpha numeric characters. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the event code comprises no more than six alpha numeric characters. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein said output comprises a high-value data file. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein said high-value data file comprises an electronic document. 14. The system of claim 9, wherein said software application comprises secured electronic document creation software. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein members of the group comprise untrusted agents. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein said untrusted agents comprise examinees. 17. A method for transforming a generic software application provided to each member of a selected group of end-users into a customized software application for use by each member at a specific respective event, selected from a plurality of events, in which the member participates, comprising:
(i) providing a generic software application comprising a lookup feature to one or more members of the selected group of end-users; wherein the lookup feature comprises an event listing comprising a plurality of events, including the specific respective event in which the member participates; (ii) presenting the lookup feature to each member of the group provided with the generic software application in step (i); (iii) instructing each member of the group presented with the look up feature, to use the lookup feature to identify and select the specific respective event in which the member participates; (iv) responsive to selection using the lookup feature of the specific respective event in which the member participates, electronically requesting and receiving from a network-connected server information pertinent to such specific respective event; and (v) populating the generic software application with the information requested and received in step (iv), thereby creating a customized software application for use by each member of the group during the respective event in which the member participates. | Embodiments are described of systems and methods for the creation, transmittal, review of, and related operations on, as well as the prevention, detection, and such, of unauthorized manipulation (e.g., substitution) of, high-value data files, including electronic documents.1. A method for transforming a generic software application provided to each member of a selected group of end-users into a customized software application for use by each member at a specific respective event in which the member participates, comprising:
(i) providing a generic software application to one or more members of the selected group of end-users; (ii) providing an event code to each member of the group provided with the generic software application in step (i), wherein each event code is unique to the specific respective event in which the member participates; (iii) instructing each member of the group provided with an event code in step (ii) to enter their event code into the generic software application provided in step (i); (iv) responsive to entry of the event code into the generic software application by each member, electronically requesting and receiving from a network-connected server information pertinent to the specific respective event in which the member participates; and (v) populating the generic software application provided in step (i) with the information requested and received in step (iv), whereby a customized software application is created for use by each member of the group during the specific respective event in which the member participates. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the event code comprises a string of at least four and no greater than eight alpha numeric characters. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the event code comprises no more than six alpha numeric characters. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said outputs comprise high-value data files. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein said high-value data files comprise electronic documents. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein said generic software application comprises secured electronic document creation software for taking exams. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein said group comprises untrusted agents. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein said untrusted agents comprise examinees. 9. A system for transforming a generic software application provided to one or more members of a selected group of end-users into a customized software application for use at a specific respective event, selected from a plurality of events, in which the member participates; the system comprising:
(i) a generic software application; (ii) an event code comprising a string of alphanumeric characters that are unique to the specific respective event in which the end-user participates; (iii) a display for presenting a user interface generated by the generic software application to the end-user, wherein the user interface comprises a field for entry of the event code by the end-user; (iv) one or more user-input devices disposed for communication with the generic software application permitting entry of the event code into the field by the end-user; and (v) an internet-connected server hosting information particular to the specific respective event in which the end-user participates; wherein the server is configured to electronically receive a request for the hosted information made by the generic software application upon entry of the event code into the field by the end-user, and to respond by electronically transmitting the requested information to the requesting generic software application; whereby, receipt of the information in step (v) transforms the generic software application into a customized software application for use by the end-user during the specific respective event in which the member participates; and, wherein the customized software application can be used by the end-user to produce a specific desired output within specific preset restrictions. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the event code comprises a string of at least four and no more than eight alpha numeric characters. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the event code comprises no more than six alpha numeric characters. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein said output comprises a high-value data file. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein said high-value data file comprises an electronic document. 14. The system of claim 9, wherein said software application comprises secured electronic document creation software. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein members of the group comprise untrusted agents. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein said untrusted agents comprise examinees. 17. A method for transforming a generic software application provided to each member of a selected group of end-users into a customized software application for use by each member at a specific respective event, selected from a plurality of events, in which the member participates, comprising:
(i) providing a generic software application comprising a lookup feature to one or more members of the selected group of end-users; wherein the lookup feature comprises an event listing comprising a plurality of events, including the specific respective event in which the member participates; (ii) presenting the lookup feature to each member of the group provided with the generic software application in step (i); (iii) instructing each member of the group presented with the look up feature, to use the lookup feature to identify and select the specific respective event in which the member participates; (iv) responsive to selection using the lookup feature of the specific respective event in which the member participates, electronically requesting and receiving from a network-connected server information pertinent to such specific respective event; and (v) populating the generic software application with the information requested and received in step (iv), thereby creating a customized software application for use by each member of the group during the respective event in which the member participates. | 2,400 |
349,471 | 16,807,059 | 2,496 | A memory sub-system configured to adaptively and/or iteratively determine sub-operations of executing a read command to retrieve data from memory cells. For example, after receiving the read command from a processing device of a memory sub-system, a memory device starts an atomic operation of executing the read command in the memory device. The memory device can have one or more groups of memory cells formed on an integrated circuit die and a calibration circuit configured to measure signal and noise characteristics of memory cells in the memory device. During the atomic operation, the calibration circuit generates outputs, based on which a read manager of the memory sub-system identifies sub-operations to be performed in the atomic operation and/or decides to end the atomic operation. | 1. A memory sub-system, comprising:
a processing device; and at least one memory device, the memory device having:
a group of memory cells formed on an integrated circuit die; and
a calibration circuit configured to measure signal and noise characteristics of memory cells in the memory device;
wherein during execution of a read command in the memory device to retrieve data from an address, the memory sub-system is configured to perform an atomic operation; and wherein the memory sub-system includes a read manager configured to identify sub-operations to be performed in the atomic operation based on outputs generated by the calibration circuit during the atomic operation. 2. The memory sub-system of claim 1, wherein, during the atomic operation:
the calibration circuit performs a first calibration to measure first signal and noise characteristics of a group of memory cells identified by the address; and based on the first signal and noise characteristics, the read manager is configured to determine whether or not to perform a second calibration to measure second signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells identified by the address. 3. The memory sub-system of claim 2, wherein, during the atomic operation, the read manager is configured to iteratively determine whether or not to perform a further calibration based on signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells measured in a current calibration. 4. The memory sub-system of claim 2, wherein, during the atomic operation:
the calibration circuit determines a first read voltage optimized according to the first signal and noise characteristics; and based on the first signal and noise characteristics, the read manager is configured to determine whether or not to read the group of memory cells through applying the first read voltage to obtain hard bit data from the group of memory cells. 5. The memory sub-system of claim 4, wherein, during the atomic operation:
the calibration circuit determines a second read voltage at a predetermined offset from the first read voltage; and based on the first signal and noise characteristics, the read manager is configured to determine whether or not to read the group of memory cells through applying the second read voltage to obtain soft bit data from the group of memory cells. 6. The memory sub-system of claim 5, wherein, during the atomic operation, the read manager is configured to determine, based on the first signal and noise characteristics, a classification of an error rate of data retrievable from the group of memory cells based on the first read voltage; and whether or not to apply the first read voltage to read the group of memory cells for the hard bit data is based on the classification. 7. The memory sub-system of claim 6, wherein whether or not to apply the second read voltage to read the group of memory cells for the soft bit data is based on the classification. 8. The memory sub-system of claim 4, wherein, during the atomic operation, the read manager is configured to decide, based on the first signal and noise characteristics, to decode data retrieved from the group of memory cells through applying the first read voltage; and
the memory device is configured to decode the data as part of the atomic operation. 9. The memory sub-system of claim 8, wherein the memory device is enclosed within an integrated circuit device; and the read command is received from the processing device. 10. The memory sub-system of claim 9, wherein during the atomic operation, the memory device and the processing device do not communicate with each other regarding the execution of the read command. 11. The memory sub-system of claim 9, wherein at least a portion of the read manager is implemented via the processing device. 12. The memory sub-system of claim 9, wherein the read manager is implemented in the memory device; and the read manager provides no response about the read command until an end of the atomic operation. 13. The memory sub-system of claim 12, wherein the read manager is configured to decide to end the atomic operation based on a status of a read command queue in the memory device. 14. The memory sub-system of claim 13, wherein the decision to end the atomic operation is further based on a predicted time to identify, through iterative calibration, an optimized read voltage such that a decoder of the memory sub-system is able to decode data retrieved from the group of memory cells using the optimized read voltage. 15. A method, comprising:
transmitting a read command from a processing device of a memory sub-system to a memory device, the memory device having:
a group of memory cells formed on an integrated circuit die; and
a calibration circuit configured to measure signal and noise characteristics of memory cells in the memory device;
starting an atomic operation of execution of the read command in the memory device to retrieve data from an address; generating, by the calibration circuit and during the atomic operation, outputs; identifying, by a read manager of the memory sub-system, sub-operations to be performed in the atomic operation based on the outputs; and ending the atomic operation based on the outputs. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the sub-operations are identified by iteratively calibrate a read voltage using the signal and noise characteristics of memory cells measured by the calibration circuit; wherein whether or not to perform a further calibration is based on signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells measured in a current calibration. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the atomic operation is terminated in response to a determination that a time for iterative calibration is longer than a threshold and a command queue in the memory device has pending read commands. 18. A memory device, comprising:
an integrated circuit package enclosing the memory device; a plurality of groups of memory cells formed on at least one integrated circuit die; a calibration circuit configured to measure signal and noise characteristics of memory cells in the memory device; and wherein the memory device is configured to identify, based on the signal and noise characteristics, sub-operations to be performed in an atomic operation of executing a read command received in the memory device. 19. The memory device of claim 18, wherein during the atomic operation, after the calibration circuit performs a current calibration to measure first signal and noise characteristics of a group of memory cells identified by an address of the read command, the memory device is configured to determine, based on the first signal and noise characteristics, whether or not to perform a further calibration to measure second signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells. 20. The memory device of claim 19, wherein during the atomic operation, the memory device is configured to determine, based on the first signal and noise characteristics, whether or not to read the group of memory cells using a read voltage optimized using the first signal and noise characteristics. | A memory sub-system configured to adaptively and/or iteratively determine sub-operations of executing a read command to retrieve data from memory cells. For example, after receiving the read command from a processing device of a memory sub-system, a memory device starts an atomic operation of executing the read command in the memory device. The memory device can have one or more groups of memory cells formed on an integrated circuit die and a calibration circuit configured to measure signal and noise characteristics of memory cells in the memory device. During the atomic operation, the calibration circuit generates outputs, based on which a read manager of the memory sub-system identifies sub-operations to be performed in the atomic operation and/or decides to end the atomic operation.1. A memory sub-system, comprising:
a processing device; and at least one memory device, the memory device having:
a group of memory cells formed on an integrated circuit die; and
a calibration circuit configured to measure signal and noise characteristics of memory cells in the memory device;
wherein during execution of a read command in the memory device to retrieve data from an address, the memory sub-system is configured to perform an atomic operation; and wherein the memory sub-system includes a read manager configured to identify sub-operations to be performed in the atomic operation based on outputs generated by the calibration circuit during the atomic operation. 2. The memory sub-system of claim 1, wherein, during the atomic operation:
the calibration circuit performs a first calibration to measure first signal and noise characteristics of a group of memory cells identified by the address; and based on the first signal and noise characteristics, the read manager is configured to determine whether or not to perform a second calibration to measure second signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells identified by the address. 3. The memory sub-system of claim 2, wherein, during the atomic operation, the read manager is configured to iteratively determine whether or not to perform a further calibration based on signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells measured in a current calibration. 4. The memory sub-system of claim 2, wherein, during the atomic operation:
the calibration circuit determines a first read voltage optimized according to the first signal and noise characteristics; and based on the first signal and noise characteristics, the read manager is configured to determine whether or not to read the group of memory cells through applying the first read voltage to obtain hard bit data from the group of memory cells. 5. The memory sub-system of claim 4, wherein, during the atomic operation:
the calibration circuit determines a second read voltage at a predetermined offset from the first read voltage; and based on the first signal and noise characteristics, the read manager is configured to determine whether or not to read the group of memory cells through applying the second read voltage to obtain soft bit data from the group of memory cells. 6. The memory sub-system of claim 5, wherein, during the atomic operation, the read manager is configured to determine, based on the first signal and noise characteristics, a classification of an error rate of data retrievable from the group of memory cells based on the first read voltage; and whether or not to apply the first read voltage to read the group of memory cells for the hard bit data is based on the classification. 7. The memory sub-system of claim 6, wherein whether or not to apply the second read voltage to read the group of memory cells for the soft bit data is based on the classification. 8. The memory sub-system of claim 4, wherein, during the atomic operation, the read manager is configured to decide, based on the first signal and noise characteristics, to decode data retrieved from the group of memory cells through applying the first read voltage; and
the memory device is configured to decode the data as part of the atomic operation. 9. The memory sub-system of claim 8, wherein the memory device is enclosed within an integrated circuit device; and the read command is received from the processing device. 10. The memory sub-system of claim 9, wherein during the atomic operation, the memory device and the processing device do not communicate with each other regarding the execution of the read command. 11. The memory sub-system of claim 9, wherein at least a portion of the read manager is implemented via the processing device. 12. The memory sub-system of claim 9, wherein the read manager is implemented in the memory device; and the read manager provides no response about the read command until an end of the atomic operation. 13. The memory sub-system of claim 12, wherein the read manager is configured to decide to end the atomic operation based on a status of a read command queue in the memory device. 14. The memory sub-system of claim 13, wherein the decision to end the atomic operation is further based on a predicted time to identify, through iterative calibration, an optimized read voltage such that a decoder of the memory sub-system is able to decode data retrieved from the group of memory cells using the optimized read voltage. 15. A method, comprising:
transmitting a read command from a processing device of a memory sub-system to a memory device, the memory device having:
a group of memory cells formed on an integrated circuit die; and
a calibration circuit configured to measure signal and noise characteristics of memory cells in the memory device;
starting an atomic operation of execution of the read command in the memory device to retrieve data from an address; generating, by the calibration circuit and during the atomic operation, outputs; identifying, by a read manager of the memory sub-system, sub-operations to be performed in the atomic operation based on the outputs; and ending the atomic operation based on the outputs. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the sub-operations are identified by iteratively calibrate a read voltage using the signal and noise characteristics of memory cells measured by the calibration circuit; wherein whether or not to perform a further calibration is based on signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells measured in a current calibration. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the atomic operation is terminated in response to a determination that a time for iterative calibration is longer than a threshold and a command queue in the memory device has pending read commands. 18. A memory device, comprising:
an integrated circuit package enclosing the memory device; a plurality of groups of memory cells formed on at least one integrated circuit die; a calibration circuit configured to measure signal and noise characteristics of memory cells in the memory device; and wherein the memory device is configured to identify, based on the signal and noise characteristics, sub-operations to be performed in an atomic operation of executing a read command received in the memory device. 19. The memory device of claim 18, wherein during the atomic operation, after the calibration circuit performs a current calibration to measure first signal and noise characteristics of a group of memory cells identified by an address of the read command, the memory device is configured to determine, based on the first signal and noise characteristics, whether or not to perform a further calibration to measure second signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells. 20. The memory device of claim 19, wherein during the atomic operation, the memory device is configured to determine, based on the first signal and noise characteristics, whether or not to read the group of memory cells using a read voltage optimized using the first signal and noise characteristics. | 2,400 |
349,472 | 16,807,044 | 2,496 | A graphics processing unit (GPU) is configured to receive metadata specifying an active sample configuration for a particular region of a display device among a plurality of regions of the display device and receive pixel data for one or more pixels in the particular region. The pixel data specifies the same number of color samples for each pixel. For each pixel in the particular region, the GPU invokes a pixel shader only for color samples specified to be active samples by the configuration. | 1. A method for graphics processing with a graphics processing system having a graphics processing unit coupled to a display device, comprising: receiving metadata specifying an active sample configuration for a particular region of a screen of the display device among a plurality of regions of the screen, wherein the metadata specifies different active sample configurations for regions of the screen that have different resolutions; receiving pixel data for one or more pixels of an image in the particular region, wherein the pixel data specifies the same number of color samples for each pixel; wherein the number of color samples for each pixel specified by the pixel data is the same over an entire surface of the screen,
for each pixel in the particular region that is covered by a primitive, invoking a pixel shader only for color samples for the pixel specified to be active samples by the active sample configuration, and calculating gradient values for texture coordinates generated with the pixel shader to correct for the different active sample configurations. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the metadata specifies a mask of active samples for the particular region and wherein invoking the pixel shader only for active samples includes performing a logical AND between the mask and a set of samples covered by a primitive to determine the active samples for the primitive for which the pixel shader is to be invoked. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the metadata specifies an active sample count for the particular region of the plurality of regions; wherein the active sample count is less than or equal to the number of color samples, wherein the number of color samples is two or more;
wherein invoking the pixel shader only for active samples includes for each pixel in the particular region, invoking a pixel shader only for a number of the color samples for the pixel equal to the active sample count. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the metadata is configured such that an active sample count for one or more regions of the plurality located near a center of the screen is greater than an active sample count for one or more regions of the plurality located near a periphery of the screen. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the metadata is configured such that an active sample count for one or more regions of the plurality located near a center of the screen is greater than an active sample count for one or more regions of the plurality located near an edge of the screen and wherein the active count for the one or more regions located near the edge of the screen is greater than an active count for one or more regions of the plurality located near a corner of the screen. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the display device is characterized by a field of view of 90 degrees or more. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the display device is a head-mounted display device. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a portion of a screen of the display device that a user is looking at and wherein the metadata is configured to vary the pixel resolution such that pixel resolution is highest for one or more subsections of the screen containing the portion the user is looking at. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the metadata is static for given optics and a given field of view of the display device. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the metadata is configured to specify different active color samples for different regions of the screen. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein, each region of the plurality corresponds to a fixed size portion of the screen. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein each region of the plurality corresponds to a variable size portion of the screen. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the metadata defines each region of the plurality of regions by ranges of pixels in vertical and horizontal directions. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the metadata defines each region of the plurality by coarse rasterization tiles of some size. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein a portion of the metadata associated with a particular region of the plurality includes information specifying an active color sample count for the particular region. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the metadata is stored in the form of a table in a memory and/or graphics memory. 17. A system for graphics processing, comprising
a graphics processing unit (GPU) configured to
receive metadata specifying an active sample configuration for a particular region of a screen of a display device among a plurality of regions of the screen, wherein the metadata specifies different active sample configurations for regions of the screen that have different resolutions;
receive pixel data for one or more pixels of an image in the particular region, wherein the pixel data specifies the same number of color samples for each pixel wherein the number of color samples for each pixel specified by the pixel data is the same over an entire surface of the screen; and
for each pixel in the particular region that is covered by a primitive, invoke a pixel shader only for color samples for the pixel specified to be active samples by the active sample configuration: and
calculating gradient values for texture coordinates generated with the pixel shader to correct for the different active sample configurations. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the metadata specifies a mask of active samples for the particular region and wherein the graphics processing unit is configured to invoke the pixel shader only for active samples by performing a logical AND between the mask and a set of samples covered by a primitive to determine the active samples for the primitive for which the pixel shader is to be invoked. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the metadata specifies an active sample count for the particular region of the plurality of regions, wherein the active sample count is less than or equal to the number of color samples, wherein the number of color samples is two or more; and
wherein the GPU is configured to invoke the pixel shader only for active samples includes for each pixel in the particular region by invoking a pixel shader only for a number of the color samples for the pixel equal to the active sample count. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the metadata is configured such that an active sample count for one or more regions of the plurality located near a center of the screen is greater than an active sample count for one or more regions of the plurality located near a periphery of the screen. 21. The system of claim 17, wherein the metadata is configured such that an active sample count for one or more regions of the plurality located near a center of the screen is greater than an active sample count for one or more regions of the plurality located near an edge of the screen and wherein the active count for the one or more regions located near the edge of the screen is greater than an active count for one or more regions of the plurality located near a corner of the screen. 22. The system of claim 17, further comprising the display device, wherein the display device is characterized by a field of view of 90 degrees or more. 23. The system of claim 17, further comprising the display device, wherein the display device is a head-mounted display device. 24. The system of claim 17, wherein the system is configured to determine a portion of a screen of the display device that a user is looking at and wherein the metadata is configured to vary the pixel resolution such that pixel resolution is highest for one or more subsections of the screen containing the portion the user is looking at. 25. The system of claim 17, wherein the system is configured to use static metadata for given optics and field of view of the display device. 26. The system of claim 17, wherein the metadata is configured to specify different active color samples for different regions of the screen. 27. The system of claim 17, wherein, each region of the plurality corresponds to a fixed size portion of the screen. 28. The system of claim 17, wherein each region of the plurality corresponds to a variable size portion of the screen. 29. The system of claim 17, wherein the metadata defines each region of the plurality of regions by ranges of pixels in vertical and horizontal directions. 30. The system of claim 17, wherein the metadata defines each region of the plurality by coarse rasterization tiles of some size. 31. The system of claim 17, wherein a portion of the metadata associated with a particular region of the plurality includes information specifying an active color sample count for the particular region. 32. The system of claim 17, further comprising a memory and/or graphics memory, wherein the metadata is stored in the form of a table in the memory and/or graphics memory. 33. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having computer executable instructions embodied therein that, when executed, implement a method for graphics processing with a graphics processing system having a graphics processing unit coupled to a display device, the method comprising:
receiving metadata specifying an active sample configuration for a particular region of a screen of the display device among a plurality of regions of the screen, wherein the metadata specifies different active sample configurations for regions of the screen that have different resolutions; receiving pixel data for one or more pixels of an image in the particular region, wherein the pixel data specifies the same number of color samples for each pixel wherein the number of color samples for each pixel specified by the pixel data is the same over an entire surface of the screen; for each pixel in the particular region that is covered by a primitive, invoking a pixel shader only for color samples for the pixel specified to be active samples by the active sample configuration and calculating gradient values for texture coordinates generated with the pixel shader to correct for the different active sample configurations. | A graphics processing unit (GPU) is configured to receive metadata specifying an active sample configuration for a particular region of a display device among a plurality of regions of the display device and receive pixel data for one or more pixels in the particular region. The pixel data specifies the same number of color samples for each pixel. For each pixel in the particular region, the GPU invokes a pixel shader only for color samples specified to be active samples by the configuration.1. A method for graphics processing with a graphics processing system having a graphics processing unit coupled to a display device, comprising: receiving metadata specifying an active sample configuration for a particular region of a screen of the display device among a plurality of regions of the screen, wherein the metadata specifies different active sample configurations for regions of the screen that have different resolutions; receiving pixel data for one or more pixels of an image in the particular region, wherein the pixel data specifies the same number of color samples for each pixel; wherein the number of color samples for each pixel specified by the pixel data is the same over an entire surface of the screen,
for each pixel in the particular region that is covered by a primitive, invoking a pixel shader only for color samples for the pixel specified to be active samples by the active sample configuration, and calculating gradient values for texture coordinates generated with the pixel shader to correct for the different active sample configurations. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the metadata specifies a mask of active samples for the particular region and wherein invoking the pixel shader only for active samples includes performing a logical AND between the mask and a set of samples covered by a primitive to determine the active samples for the primitive for which the pixel shader is to be invoked. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the metadata specifies an active sample count for the particular region of the plurality of regions; wherein the active sample count is less than or equal to the number of color samples, wherein the number of color samples is two or more;
wherein invoking the pixel shader only for active samples includes for each pixel in the particular region, invoking a pixel shader only for a number of the color samples for the pixel equal to the active sample count. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the metadata is configured such that an active sample count for one or more regions of the plurality located near a center of the screen is greater than an active sample count for one or more regions of the plurality located near a periphery of the screen. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the metadata is configured such that an active sample count for one or more regions of the plurality located near a center of the screen is greater than an active sample count for one or more regions of the plurality located near an edge of the screen and wherein the active count for the one or more regions located near the edge of the screen is greater than an active count for one or more regions of the plurality located near a corner of the screen. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the display device is characterized by a field of view of 90 degrees or more. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the display device is a head-mounted display device. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a portion of a screen of the display device that a user is looking at and wherein the metadata is configured to vary the pixel resolution such that pixel resolution is highest for one or more subsections of the screen containing the portion the user is looking at. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the metadata is static for given optics and a given field of view of the display device. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the metadata is configured to specify different active color samples for different regions of the screen. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein, each region of the plurality corresponds to a fixed size portion of the screen. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein each region of the plurality corresponds to a variable size portion of the screen. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the metadata defines each region of the plurality of regions by ranges of pixels in vertical and horizontal directions. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the metadata defines each region of the plurality by coarse rasterization tiles of some size. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein a portion of the metadata associated with a particular region of the plurality includes information specifying an active color sample count for the particular region. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the metadata is stored in the form of a table in a memory and/or graphics memory. 17. A system for graphics processing, comprising
a graphics processing unit (GPU) configured to
receive metadata specifying an active sample configuration for a particular region of a screen of a display device among a plurality of regions of the screen, wherein the metadata specifies different active sample configurations for regions of the screen that have different resolutions;
receive pixel data for one or more pixels of an image in the particular region, wherein the pixel data specifies the same number of color samples for each pixel wherein the number of color samples for each pixel specified by the pixel data is the same over an entire surface of the screen; and
for each pixel in the particular region that is covered by a primitive, invoke a pixel shader only for color samples for the pixel specified to be active samples by the active sample configuration: and
calculating gradient values for texture coordinates generated with the pixel shader to correct for the different active sample configurations. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the metadata specifies a mask of active samples for the particular region and wherein the graphics processing unit is configured to invoke the pixel shader only for active samples by performing a logical AND between the mask and a set of samples covered by a primitive to determine the active samples for the primitive for which the pixel shader is to be invoked. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the metadata specifies an active sample count for the particular region of the plurality of regions, wherein the active sample count is less than or equal to the number of color samples, wherein the number of color samples is two or more; and
wherein the GPU is configured to invoke the pixel shader only for active samples includes for each pixel in the particular region by invoking a pixel shader only for a number of the color samples for the pixel equal to the active sample count. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the metadata is configured such that an active sample count for one or more regions of the plurality located near a center of the screen is greater than an active sample count for one or more regions of the plurality located near a periphery of the screen. 21. The system of claim 17, wherein the metadata is configured such that an active sample count for one or more regions of the plurality located near a center of the screen is greater than an active sample count for one or more regions of the plurality located near an edge of the screen and wherein the active count for the one or more regions located near the edge of the screen is greater than an active count for one or more regions of the plurality located near a corner of the screen. 22. The system of claim 17, further comprising the display device, wherein the display device is characterized by a field of view of 90 degrees or more. 23. The system of claim 17, further comprising the display device, wherein the display device is a head-mounted display device. 24. The system of claim 17, wherein the system is configured to determine a portion of a screen of the display device that a user is looking at and wherein the metadata is configured to vary the pixel resolution such that pixel resolution is highest for one or more subsections of the screen containing the portion the user is looking at. 25. The system of claim 17, wherein the system is configured to use static metadata for given optics and field of view of the display device. 26. The system of claim 17, wherein the metadata is configured to specify different active color samples for different regions of the screen. 27. The system of claim 17, wherein, each region of the plurality corresponds to a fixed size portion of the screen. 28. The system of claim 17, wherein each region of the plurality corresponds to a variable size portion of the screen. 29. The system of claim 17, wherein the metadata defines each region of the plurality of regions by ranges of pixels in vertical and horizontal directions. 30. The system of claim 17, wherein the metadata defines each region of the plurality by coarse rasterization tiles of some size. 31. The system of claim 17, wherein a portion of the metadata associated with a particular region of the plurality includes information specifying an active color sample count for the particular region. 32. The system of claim 17, further comprising a memory and/or graphics memory, wherein the metadata is stored in the form of a table in the memory and/or graphics memory. 33. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having computer executable instructions embodied therein that, when executed, implement a method for graphics processing with a graphics processing system having a graphics processing unit coupled to a display device, the method comprising:
receiving metadata specifying an active sample configuration for a particular region of a screen of the display device among a plurality of regions of the screen, wherein the metadata specifies different active sample configurations for regions of the screen that have different resolutions; receiving pixel data for one or more pixels of an image in the particular region, wherein the pixel data specifies the same number of color samples for each pixel wherein the number of color samples for each pixel specified by the pixel data is the same over an entire surface of the screen; for each pixel in the particular region that is covered by a primitive, invoking a pixel shader only for color samples for the pixel specified to be active samples by the active sample configuration and calculating gradient values for texture coordinates generated with the pixel shader to correct for the different active sample configurations. | 2,400 |
349,473 | 16,807,066 | 2,496 | Methods and devices for the repair of a ruptured ligament using a scaffold device are provided. Aspects of the invention may include a scaffold attached by one or more sutures to one or more anchors. In aspects of the invention, the anchors may be secured to a bone near or at the repair site. | 1. An arthroscopic repair system, comprising:
a tissue healing device configured to repair a ligament, the tissue healing device having
an implantable material configured to be positioned between a ruptured end of the ligament and a bone,
at least one anchor having an eyelet and configured to be secured to the bone, and
at least one suture configured to be threaded through or along the implantable material to position the implantable material between to the ruptured end of the ligament and the bone, the at least one suture being attached to the at least one anchor through the eyelet; and
arthroscopic equipment sized and shaped to insert the suture through the implantable material, the arthroscopic equipment configured to position the implantable material between the ruptured end of the ligament and the bone. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the implantable material is a scaffold. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the ligament is an ACL and wherein the implantable material allows cell ingrowth. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the anchor is conical in shape. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one anchor includes a first end and a second end opposite the first end of the anchor. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the at least one anchor includes an eyelet at the first end of the anchor. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the at least one suture is attached to the at least one anchor through the eyelet. 8. The system of claim 5, wherein the anchor includes a sharpened tip at the second end of the anchor. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the sharpened tip is threaded. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the anchor is selected from the group consisting of a screw, a barb, a helical anchor, a staple, a clip, a snap, and arivet. 11. The system of claim 1, where the implantable material further comprises a repair material. 12. The system of claim 11, where the repair material is a platelet or plasma. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the tissue healing device further includes one or more growth factors configured to be disposed within or on the implantable material. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the implantable material consists essentially of a porous collagen sponge. | Methods and devices for the repair of a ruptured ligament using a scaffold device are provided. Aspects of the invention may include a scaffold attached by one or more sutures to one or more anchors. In aspects of the invention, the anchors may be secured to a bone near or at the repair site.1. An arthroscopic repair system, comprising:
a tissue healing device configured to repair a ligament, the tissue healing device having
an implantable material configured to be positioned between a ruptured end of the ligament and a bone,
at least one anchor having an eyelet and configured to be secured to the bone, and
at least one suture configured to be threaded through or along the implantable material to position the implantable material between to the ruptured end of the ligament and the bone, the at least one suture being attached to the at least one anchor through the eyelet; and
arthroscopic equipment sized and shaped to insert the suture through the implantable material, the arthroscopic equipment configured to position the implantable material between the ruptured end of the ligament and the bone. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the implantable material is a scaffold. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the ligament is an ACL and wherein the implantable material allows cell ingrowth. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the anchor is conical in shape. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one anchor includes a first end and a second end opposite the first end of the anchor. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the at least one anchor includes an eyelet at the first end of the anchor. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the at least one suture is attached to the at least one anchor through the eyelet. 8. The system of claim 5, wherein the anchor includes a sharpened tip at the second end of the anchor. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the sharpened tip is threaded. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the anchor is selected from the group consisting of a screw, a barb, a helical anchor, a staple, a clip, a snap, and arivet. 11. The system of claim 1, where the implantable material further comprises a repair material. 12. The system of claim 11, where the repair material is a platelet or plasma. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the tissue healing device further includes one or more growth factors configured to be disposed within or on the implantable material. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the implantable material consists essentially of a porous collagen sponge. | 2,400 |
349,474 | 16,806,981 | 2,496 | The present disclosure relates to user interfaces for receiving user input. In some examples, a device determines which user input technique a user has accessed most recently, and displays the corresponding user interface. In some examples, a device scrolls through a set of information on the display. When a threshold criteria is satisfied, the device displays an index object fully or partially overlaying the set of information. In some examples, a device displays an emoji graphical object, which is visually manipulated based on user input. The emoji graphical object is transmitted to a recipient. In some examples, a device displays paging affordances that enlarge and allow a user to select a particular page of a user interface. In some examples, the device displays user interfaces for various input methods, including multiple emoji graphical objects. In some examples, a keyboard is displays for receiving user input. | 1. An electronic device, comprising:
a touch-sensitive display; one or more processors; a memory; and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:
displaying a keyboard and a text entry interface, the text entry interface comprising a character insertion point;
detecting a touch user input with a first characteristic intensity at a first location on the touch-sensitive display, the first location associated with the keyboard and corresponding to a first character;
determining the first characteristic intensity of the touch user input at the first location;
in accordance with a determination that the first characteristic intensity of the touch user input does not exceed an intensity threshold, displaying a preview of the first character on the touch-sensitive display;
in accordance with a determination that the first characteristic intensity of the touch user input at the first location exceeds the intensity threshold, displaying the first character at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display;
determining that the touch user input is no longer detected on the touch-sensitive display; and
in accordance with a determination that the touch user input is no longer detected, displaying a whitespace at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, the one or more programs further including instructions for:
while continuing to detect the touch user input on the touch-sensitive display:
detecting movement of the touch user input from the first location to a second location on the touch-sensitive display and with a second characteristic intensity, the second location associated with the keyboard and corresponding to a second character;
determining a second characteristic intensity of the touch user input at the second location;
in accordance with a determination that the second characteristic intensity of the touch user input does not exceed the intensity threshold, displaying a preview of the second character on the touch-sensitive display; and
in accordance with a determination that the second characteristic intensity of the touch user input at the second location exceeds the intensity threshold, displaying the second character at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein a characteristic intensity of the touch user input while moving from the first location to the second location does not exceed the intensity threshold. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, the one or more programs further including instructions for:
subsequent to determining that the touch user input is no longer detected, detecting a second touch user input at a second location on the touch-sensitive display, the second location associated with the keyboard; and in response to detecting the second touch user input, displaying a whitespace at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display. 5. The electronic device of claim 1, the one or more programs further including instructions for:
determining that the touch user input is no longer detected at a first time; subsequent to determining that the touch user input is no longer detected, detecting a second touch user input at a second location on the touch-sensitive display at a second time, the second location associated with the keyboard; in response to detecting the second touch user input and in accordance with a determination that the second time is within a predetermined period of time after the first time, displaying a whitespace at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein alphabet characters of the keyboard are arranged in alphabetical order. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein alphabet characters of the keyboard are arranged in a QWERTY configuration. 8. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a touch-sensitive display, cause the device to:
display a keyboard and a text entry interface, the text entry interface comprising a character insertion point; detect a touch user input with a first characteristic intensity at a first location on the touch-sensitive display, the first location associated with the keyboard and corresponding to a first character; determine a first characteristic intensity of the touch user input at the first location; in accordance with a determination that the first characteristic intensity of the touch user input does not exceed an intensity threshold, display a preview of the first character on the touch-sensitive display; in accordance with a determination that the first characteristic intensity of the touch user input at the first location exceeds the intensity threshold, display the first character at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display; determine that the touch user input is no longer detected on the touch-sensitive display; and in accordance with a determination that the touch user input is no longer detected, display a whitespace at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display. 9. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, the one or more programs further including instructions for:
while continuing to detect the touch user input on the touch-sensitive display:
detect movement of the touch user input from the first location to a second location on the touch-sensitive display and with a second characteristic intensity, the second location associated with the keyboard and corresponding to a second character;
determine a second characteristic intensity of the touch user input at the second location;
in accordance with a determination that the second characteristic intensity of the touch user input does not exceed the intensity threshold, display a preview of the second character on the touch-sensitive display; and
in accordance with a determination that the second characteristic intensity of the touch user input at the second location exceeds the intensity threshold, display the second character at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display. 10. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein a characteristic intensity of the touch user input while moving from the first location to the second location does not exceed the intensity threshold. 11. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, the one or more programs further including instructions for:
subsequent to determining that the touch user input is no longer detected, detect a second touch user input at a second location on the touch-sensitive display, the second location associated with the keyboard; and in response to detecting the second touch user input, display a whitespace at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display. 12. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, the one or more programs further including instructions for:
determine that the touch user input is no longer detected at a first time; subsequent to determining that the touch user input is no longer detected, detect a second touch user input at a second location on the touch-sensitive display at a second time, the second location associated with the keyboard; in response to detecting the second touch user input and in accordance with a determination that the second time is within a predetermined period of time after the first time, display a whitespace at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display. 13. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein alphabet characters of the keyboard are arranged in alphabetical order. 14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein alphabet characters of the keyboard are arranged in a QWERTY configuration. 15. A method, comprising:
at an electronic device with a touch-sensitive display:
displaying a keyboard and a text entry interface, the text entry interface comprising a character insertion point;
detecting a touch user input with a first characteristic intensity at a first location on the touch-sensitive display, the first location associated with the keyboard and corresponding to a first character;
determining a first characteristic intensity of the touch user input at the first location;
in accordance with a determination that the first characteristic intensity of the touch user input does not exceed an intensity threshold, displaying a preview of the first character on the touch-sensitive display;
in accordance with a determination that the first characteristic intensity of the touch user input at the first location exceeds the intensity threshold, displaying the first character at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display;
determining that the touch user input is no longer detected on the touch-sensitive display; and
in accordance with a determination that the touch user input is no longer detected, displaying a whitespace at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
while continuing to detect the touch user input on the touch-sensitive display:
detecting movement of the touch user input from the first location to a second location on the touch-sensitive display and with a second characteristic intensity, the second location associated with the keyboard and corresponding to a second character;
determining a second characteristic intensity of the touch user input at the second location;
in accordance with a determination that the second characteristic intensity of the touch user input does not exceed the intensity threshold, displaying a preview of the second character on the touch-sensitive display; and
in accordance with a determination that the second characteristic intensity of the touch user input at the second location exceeds the intensity threshold, displaying the second character at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein a characteristic intensity of the touch user input while moving from the first location to the second location does not exceed the intensity threshold. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
subsequent to determining that the touch user input is no longer detected, detecting a second touch user input at a second location on the touch-sensitive display, the second location associated with the keyboard; and in response to detecting the second touch user input, displaying a whitespace at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
determining that the touch user input is no longer detected at a first time; subsequent to determining that the touch user input is no longer detected, detecting a second touch user input at a second location on the touch-sensitive display at a second time, the second location associated with the keyboard; in response to detecting the second touch user input and in accordance with a determination that the second time is within a predetermined period of time after the first time, displaying a whitespace at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein alphabet characters of the keyboard are arranged in alphabetical order. 21. The method of claim 15, wherein alphabet characters of the keyboard are arranged in a QWERTY configuration. | The present disclosure relates to user interfaces for receiving user input. In some examples, a device determines which user input technique a user has accessed most recently, and displays the corresponding user interface. In some examples, a device scrolls through a set of information on the display. When a threshold criteria is satisfied, the device displays an index object fully or partially overlaying the set of information. In some examples, a device displays an emoji graphical object, which is visually manipulated based on user input. The emoji graphical object is transmitted to a recipient. In some examples, a device displays paging affordances that enlarge and allow a user to select a particular page of a user interface. In some examples, the device displays user interfaces for various input methods, including multiple emoji graphical objects. In some examples, a keyboard is displays for receiving user input.1. An electronic device, comprising:
a touch-sensitive display; one or more processors; a memory; and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:
displaying a keyboard and a text entry interface, the text entry interface comprising a character insertion point;
detecting a touch user input with a first characteristic intensity at a first location on the touch-sensitive display, the first location associated with the keyboard and corresponding to a first character;
determining the first characteristic intensity of the touch user input at the first location;
in accordance with a determination that the first characteristic intensity of the touch user input does not exceed an intensity threshold, displaying a preview of the first character on the touch-sensitive display;
in accordance with a determination that the first characteristic intensity of the touch user input at the first location exceeds the intensity threshold, displaying the first character at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display;
determining that the touch user input is no longer detected on the touch-sensitive display; and
in accordance with a determination that the touch user input is no longer detected, displaying a whitespace at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, the one or more programs further including instructions for:
while continuing to detect the touch user input on the touch-sensitive display:
detecting movement of the touch user input from the first location to a second location on the touch-sensitive display and with a second characteristic intensity, the second location associated with the keyboard and corresponding to a second character;
determining a second characteristic intensity of the touch user input at the second location;
in accordance with a determination that the second characteristic intensity of the touch user input does not exceed the intensity threshold, displaying a preview of the second character on the touch-sensitive display; and
in accordance with a determination that the second characteristic intensity of the touch user input at the second location exceeds the intensity threshold, displaying the second character at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein a characteristic intensity of the touch user input while moving from the first location to the second location does not exceed the intensity threshold. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, the one or more programs further including instructions for:
subsequent to determining that the touch user input is no longer detected, detecting a second touch user input at a second location on the touch-sensitive display, the second location associated with the keyboard; and in response to detecting the second touch user input, displaying a whitespace at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display. 5. The electronic device of claim 1, the one or more programs further including instructions for:
determining that the touch user input is no longer detected at a first time; subsequent to determining that the touch user input is no longer detected, detecting a second touch user input at a second location on the touch-sensitive display at a second time, the second location associated with the keyboard; in response to detecting the second touch user input and in accordance with a determination that the second time is within a predetermined period of time after the first time, displaying a whitespace at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein alphabet characters of the keyboard are arranged in alphabetical order. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein alphabet characters of the keyboard are arranged in a QWERTY configuration. 8. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a touch-sensitive display, cause the device to:
display a keyboard and a text entry interface, the text entry interface comprising a character insertion point; detect a touch user input with a first characteristic intensity at a first location on the touch-sensitive display, the first location associated with the keyboard and corresponding to a first character; determine a first characteristic intensity of the touch user input at the first location; in accordance with a determination that the first characteristic intensity of the touch user input does not exceed an intensity threshold, display a preview of the first character on the touch-sensitive display; in accordance with a determination that the first characteristic intensity of the touch user input at the first location exceeds the intensity threshold, display the first character at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display; determine that the touch user input is no longer detected on the touch-sensitive display; and in accordance with a determination that the touch user input is no longer detected, display a whitespace at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display. 9. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, the one or more programs further including instructions for:
while continuing to detect the touch user input on the touch-sensitive display:
detect movement of the touch user input from the first location to a second location on the touch-sensitive display and with a second characteristic intensity, the second location associated with the keyboard and corresponding to a second character;
determine a second characteristic intensity of the touch user input at the second location;
in accordance with a determination that the second characteristic intensity of the touch user input does not exceed the intensity threshold, display a preview of the second character on the touch-sensitive display; and
in accordance with a determination that the second characteristic intensity of the touch user input at the second location exceeds the intensity threshold, display the second character at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display. 10. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein a characteristic intensity of the touch user input while moving from the first location to the second location does not exceed the intensity threshold. 11. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, the one or more programs further including instructions for:
subsequent to determining that the touch user input is no longer detected, detect a second touch user input at a second location on the touch-sensitive display, the second location associated with the keyboard; and in response to detecting the second touch user input, display a whitespace at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display. 12. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, the one or more programs further including instructions for:
determine that the touch user input is no longer detected at a first time; subsequent to determining that the touch user input is no longer detected, detect a second touch user input at a second location on the touch-sensitive display at a second time, the second location associated with the keyboard; in response to detecting the second touch user input and in accordance with a determination that the second time is within a predetermined period of time after the first time, display a whitespace at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display. 13. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein alphabet characters of the keyboard are arranged in alphabetical order. 14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein alphabet characters of the keyboard are arranged in a QWERTY configuration. 15. A method, comprising:
at an electronic device with a touch-sensitive display:
displaying a keyboard and a text entry interface, the text entry interface comprising a character insertion point;
detecting a touch user input with a first characteristic intensity at a first location on the touch-sensitive display, the first location associated with the keyboard and corresponding to a first character;
determining a first characteristic intensity of the touch user input at the first location;
in accordance with a determination that the first characteristic intensity of the touch user input does not exceed an intensity threshold, displaying a preview of the first character on the touch-sensitive display;
in accordance with a determination that the first characteristic intensity of the touch user input at the first location exceeds the intensity threshold, displaying the first character at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display;
determining that the touch user input is no longer detected on the touch-sensitive display; and
in accordance with a determination that the touch user input is no longer detected, displaying a whitespace at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
while continuing to detect the touch user input on the touch-sensitive display:
detecting movement of the touch user input from the first location to a second location on the touch-sensitive display and with a second characteristic intensity, the second location associated with the keyboard and corresponding to a second character;
determining a second characteristic intensity of the touch user input at the second location;
in accordance with a determination that the second characteristic intensity of the touch user input does not exceed the intensity threshold, displaying a preview of the second character on the touch-sensitive display; and
in accordance with a determination that the second characteristic intensity of the touch user input at the second location exceeds the intensity threshold, displaying the second character at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein a characteristic intensity of the touch user input while moving from the first location to the second location does not exceed the intensity threshold. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
subsequent to determining that the touch user input is no longer detected, detecting a second touch user input at a second location on the touch-sensitive display, the second location associated with the keyboard; and in response to detecting the second touch user input, displaying a whitespace at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
determining that the touch user input is no longer detected at a first time; subsequent to determining that the touch user input is no longer detected, detecting a second touch user input at a second location on the touch-sensitive display at a second time, the second location associated with the keyboard; in response to detecting the second touch user input and in accordance with a determination that the second time is within a predetermined period of time after the first time, displaying a whitespace at the character insertion point on the touch-sensitive display. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein alphabet characters of the keyboard are arranged in alphabetical order. 21. The method of claim 15, wherein alphabet characters of the keyboard are arranged in a QWERTY configuration. | 2,400 |
349,475 | 16,807,036 | 2,496 | Techniques and arrangements for integrating predefined templates with open ticket functionality. For instance, a merchant device can identify a type of transaction between a merchant and a customer, select a ticket type for the transaction based on the type of transaction, and select a transaction flow based on the ticket type. The merchant device can then generate an open ticket for the transaction based on the ticket type, and associated transaction flow with the open ticket. Additionally, the merchant device can generate a visual representation of data associated with the open ticket, where a layout of the data within the visual representation is based on the type of transaction and the transaction flow, and present the visual representation to the merchant. In some examples, the type of transaction is identified using received input. In some examples, the type of transaction is identified based on a group associated with the customer. | 1. A point-of-sale (POS) device, comprising:
a display to present content; an input device to receive input from a merchant; one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed on the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform acts comprising:
identifying a type of transaction for a transaction between the merchant and a customer;
selecting, based at least in part on the type of transaction, a ticket type for the transaction from a plurality of predefined ticket types;
generating an open ticket based at least in part on the ticket type, the open ticket including:
a data structure that stores cart information indicating items that are ordered by the customer from the merchant during the transaction; and
an associated versioning data structure indicating a version of the open ticket;
selecting, based at least in part on the ticket type, a transaction flow from a plurality of predefined transaction flows, wherein the transaction flow identifies one or more processes associated with the transaction;
associating the transaction flow with the open ticket;
generating a visual representation of data associated with the open ticket, wherein a layout of the data within the visual representation is based at least in part on the type of transaction and the transaction flow;
presenting, on the display, the visual representation of the data;
receiving, from the input device, input corresponding to a customer order associated with the transaction, the input indicating one or more items ordered by the customer;
adding information associated with the customer order to the cart information of the open ticket;
updating the associated versioning data structure for the open ticket based at least in part on adding the information to the cart information of the open ticket; and
updating the visual representation of the data on the display to indicate the one or more items. 2. The POS device of claim 1, wherein identifying the type of transaction between the merchant and the customer comprises receiving input, from the input device, identifying the type of transaction between the merchant and the customer. 3. The POS device of claim 1, the acts further comprising identifying a group associated with the customer, and wherein identifying the type of transaction between the merchant and the customer is based at least in part on the group associated with the customer. 4. The POS device of claim 1, the acts further comprising:
receiving input, form the input device, associated with merging the open ticket with an additional open ticket; merging the open ticket with the additional open ticket to create a merged open ticket, the merged open ticket including the one or more items ordered by the customer and one or more additional items ordered by an additional customer associated with the additional open ticket; generating a new visual representation of data associated with the merged open ticket; and presenting, on the display, the new visual representation of the data. 5. The POS device of claim 1, the acts further comprising:
receiving input, from the input device, identifying a new type of transaction between the merchant and the customer; determining, based at least in part on the new type of transaction, a new ticket type for the transaction from the plurality of predefined ticket types; updating, based at least in part on the new ticket type, the open ticket in order to generate an updated open ticket for the transaction; selecting, based at least in part on the new ticket type, a new transaction flow from the plurality of predefined transaction flows; associating the new transaction flow with the updated open ticket; and syncing open ticket data associated with the updated open ticket with one or more other POS devices associated with the merchant. 6. A method comprising:
receiving input associated with a transaction between a merchant and a customer; determining, based at least in part on the input, a ticket type for the transaction from a plurality of predefined ticket types; generating a ticket based at least in part on the ticket type; determining, based at least in part on the ticket type, a transaction flow from a plurality of predefined transaction flows, wherein the transaction flow defines one or more processes that the merchant is to perform during a course of the transaction with the customer; associating the transaction flow with the ticket; generating a visual representation of data associated with the ticket, wherein a layout of the data within the visual representation is based at least in part on the ticket type; and presenting the visual representation of the data. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the input identifies a type of transaction between the merchant and the customer, and wherein determining the ticket type for the transaction is based at least in part on the type of transaction. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the input identifies a group associated with the customer, and wherein determining the ticket type for the transaction is based at least in part on the group. 9. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
receiving input associated with merging the ticket with an additional ticket in the group; merging the ticket with the additional ticket to create a merged ticket, the merged ticket including one or more items ordered by the customer and one or more additional items ordered by an additional customer associated with the additional ticket; generating a new visual representation of data associated with the merged ticket; and presenting the new visual representation of the data. 10. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
receiving additional input associated with the transaction between the merchant and the customer; determining, based at least in part on the additional input, a new ticket type for the transaction from the plurality of predefined ticket types; updating based at least in part on the new ticket type, the ticket in order to generate an updated ticket; determining, based at least in part on the new ticket type, a new transaction flow from the plurality of predefined transaction flows; associating the new transaction flow with the updated ticket; generating a new visual representation of data associated with the updated ticket, wherein a layout of the data within the new visual representation is based at least in part on the new ticket type; and presenting the new visual representation of the data. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the ticket includes an associated versioning data structure indicating a version of the ticket, and wherein the method further comprises:
updating, based at least in part on generating the updated ticket, the associated versioning data structure in order to indicate that the ticket has been updated; and syncing ticket data associated with the updated ticket with one or more other POS devices associated with the merchant, and wherein the associated versioning data structure within the ticket data causes the one or more other merchant devices to locally update the ticket stored on the one or more other POS devices to the updated ticket. 12. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
associating the plurality of ticket types with a plurality of types of transactions, an individual ticket type of the plurality of ticket types being associated with at least one type of transaction from the plurality of types of transaction; determining, based at least in part on the input, a type of transaction for the transaction between the merchant and the customer; and determining that the ticket type for the transaction is associated with the type of transaction, and wherein determining the ticket type for the transaction is based at least in part on determining that the ticket type is associated with the type of transaction. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
associating the plurality of ticket types with the plurality of transaction flows, an individual ticket type of the plurality of ticket types being associated with at least one transaction flow of the plurality of transaction flows; and determining that the ticket type is associated with the transaction flow, and wherein determining the transaction flow is based at least in part on determining that the ticket type is associated with the transaction flow. 15. A merchant device, comprising:
a display to present content; an input device to receive input from a merchant; one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed on the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform acts comprising:
presenting, via the display, a user interface for generating order tickets for the merchant;
receiving, via the user interface, a selection corresponding to a type of transaction for a transaction between the merchant and a customer;
selecting, based at least in part on the type of transaction, a ticket type for the transaction from a plurality of predefined ticket types;
generating an open ticket based at least in part on the ticket type;
generating a visual representation of data associated with the open ticket, wherein a layout of the data within the visual representation is based at least in part on the ticket type;
presenting, on the display, the visual representation of the data. 16. The merchant device of claim 15, the acts further comprising:
selecting, based at least in part on the ticket type, a transaction flow from a plurality of predefined transaction flows, wherein the transaction flow identifies one or more processes associated with the transaction; and associating the transaction flow with the open ticket, and wherein the layout of the data within the visual representation is further based at least in part on the transaction flow. 17. The merchant device of claim 15, the acts further comprising:
receiving input, from the input device, identifying a new type of transaction between the merchant and the customer; determining, based at least in part on the new type of transaction, a new ticket type for the transaction from the plurality of predefined ticket types; updating, based at least in part on the new ticket type, the open ticket in order to generate an updated open ticket for the transaction; generating a new visual representation of data associated with the new open ticket, wherein a layout of the data within the new visual representation is based at least in part on the updated ticket type; presenting, on the display, the new visual representation of the data. 18. The merchant device of claim 17, wherein the open ticket includes an associated versioning data structure indicating a version of the open ticket, and wherein the acts further comprise:
updating, based at least in part on generating the updated open ticket, the associated versioning data structure in order to indicate that the open ticket has been updated; and syncing ticket data associated with the updated open ticket with one or more other merchant devices associated with the merchant, and wherein the associated versioning data structure within the ticket data causes the one or more other merchant devices to locally update the open ticket stored on the one or more other merchant devices to the updated open ticket. 19. The merchant device of claim 15, wherein the user interface includes a visual representation of merchant location associated with the merchant, the visual representation including a plurality of interactive elements, an individual interactive element of the plurality of interactive elements:
corresponding to a respective location within the merchant location; being associated with a respective type of transaction from a plurality of types of transactions; and indicating that the respective location within the merchant location is already associated with a respective open ticket or that the respective location within the merchant location is ready to be associated with a new open ticket. 20. The merchant device of claim 19, wherein:
an interactive element of the plurality of interactive elements is associated with the type of transaction and indicates that a location corresponding to the interactive element is ready to be associated with the open ticket; and receiving the selection corresponding to the type of transaction comprises receiving, from the input device, input associated with the interactive element. | Techniques and arrangements for integrating predefined templates with open ticket functionality. For instance, a merchant device can identify a type of transaction between a merchant and a customer, select a ticket type for the transaction based on the type of transaction, and select a transaction flow based on the ticket type. The merchant device can then generate an open ticket for the transaction based on the ticket type, and associated transaction flow with the open ticket. Additionally, the merchant device can generate a visual representation of data associated with the open ticket, where a layout of the data within the visual representation is based on the type of transaction and the transaction flow, and present the visual representation to the merchant. In some examples, the type of transaction is identified using received input. In some examples, the type of transaction is identified based on a group associated with the customer.1. A point-of-sale (POS) device, comprising:
a display to present content; an input device to receive input from a merchant; one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed on the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform acts comprising:
identifying a type of transaction for a transaction between the merchant and a customer;
selecting, based at least in part on the type of transaction, a ticket type for the transaction from a plurality of predefined ticket types;
generating an open ticket based at least in part on the ticket type, the open ticket including:
a data structure that stores cart information indicating items that are ordered by the customer from the merchant during the transaction; and
an associated versioning data structure indicating a version of the open ticket;
selecting, based at least in part on the ticket type, a transaction flow from a plurality of predefined transaction flows, wherein the transaction flow identifies one or more processes associated with the transaction;
associating the transaction flow with the open ticket;
generating a visual representation of data associated with the open ticket, wherein a layout of the data within the visual representation is based at least in part on the type of transaction and the transaction flow;
presenting, on the display, the visual representation of the data;
receiving, from the input device, input corresponding to a customer order associated with the transaction, the input indicating one or more items ordered by the customer;
adding information associated with the customer order to the cart information of the open ticket;
updating the associated versioning data structure for the open ticket based at least in part on adding the information to the cart information of the open ticket; and
updating the visual representation of the data on the display to indicate the one or more items. 2. The POS device of claim 1, wherein identifying the type of transaction between the merchant and the customer comprises receiving input, from the input device, identifying the type of transaction between the merchant and the customer. 3. The POS device of claim 1, the acts further comprising identifying a group associated with the customer, and wherein identifying the type of transaction between the merchant and the customer is based at least in part on the group associated with the customer. 4. The POS device of claim 1, the acts further comprising:
receiving input, form the input device, associated with merging the open ticket with an additional open ticket; merging the open ticket with the additional open ticket to create a merged open ticket, the merged open ticket including the one or more items ordered by the customer and one or more additional items ordered by an additional customer associated with the additional open ticket; generating a new visual representation of data associated with the merged open ticket; and presenting, on the display, the new visual representation of the data. 5. The POS device of claim 1, the acts further comprising:
receiving input, from the input device, identifying a new type of transaction between the merchant and the customer; determining, based at least in part on the new type of transaction, a new ticket type for the transaction from the plurality of predefined ticket types; updating, based at least in part on the new ticket type, the open ticket in order to generate an updated open ticket for the transaction; selecting, based at least in part on the new ticket type, a new transaction flow from the plurality of predefined transaction flows; associating the new transaction flow with the updated open ticket; and syncing open ticket data associated with the updated open ticket with one or more other POS devices associated with the merchant. 6. A method comprising:
receiving input associated with a transaction between a merchant and a customer; determining, based at least in part on the input, a ticket type for the transaction from a plurality of predefined ticket types; generating a ticket based at least in part on the ticket type; determining, based at least in part on the ticket type, a transaction flow from a plurality of predefined transaction flows, wherein the transaction flow defines one or more processes that the merchant is to perform during a course of the transaction with the customer; associating the transaction flow with the ticket; generating a visual representation of data associated with the ticket, wherein a layout of the data within the visual representation is based at least in part on the ticket type; and presenting the visual representation of the data. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the input identifies a type of transaction between the merchant and the customer, and wherein determining the ticket type for the transaction is based at least in part on the type of transaction. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the input identifies a group associated with the customer, and wherein determining the ticket type for the transaction is based at least in part on the group. 9. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
receiving input associated with merging the ticket with an additional ticket in the group; merging the ticket with the additional ticket to create a merged ticket, the merged ticket including one or more items ordered by the customer and one or more additional items ordered by an additional customer associated with the additional ticket; generating a new visual representation of data associated with the merged ticket; and presenting the new visual representation of the data. 10. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
receiving additional input associated with the transaction between the merchant and the customer; determining, based at least in part on the additional input, a new ticket type for the transaction from the plurality of predefined ticket types; updating based at least in part on the new ticket type, the ticket in order to generate an updated ticket; determining, based at least in part on the new ticket type, a new transaction flow from the plurality of predefined transaction flows; associating the new transaction flow with the updated ticket; generating a new visual representation of data associated with the updated ticket, wherein a layout of the data within the new visual representation is based at least in part on the new ticket type; and presenting the new visual representation of the data. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the ticket includes an associated versioning data structure indicating a version of the ticket, and wherein the method further comprises:
updating, based at least in part on generating the updated ticket, the associated versioning data structure in order to indicate that the ticket has been updated; and syncing ticket data associated with the updated ticket with one or more other POS devices associated with the merchant, and wherein the associated versioning data structure within the ticket data causes the one or more other merchant devices to locally update the ticket stored on the one or more other POS devices to the updated ticket. 12. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
associating the plurality of ticket types with a plurality of types of transactions, an individual ticket type of the plurality of ticket types being associated with at least one type of transaction from the plurality of types of transaction; determining, based at least in part on the input, a type of transaction for the transaction between the merchant and the customer; and determining that the ticket type for the transaction is associated with the type of transaction, and wherein determining the ticket type for the transaction is based at least in part on determining that the ticket type is associated with the type of transaction. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
associating the plurality of ticket types with the plurality of transaction flows, an individual ticket type of the plurality of ticket types being associated with at least one transaction flow of the plurality of transaction flows; and determining that the ticket type is associated with the transaction flow, and wherein determining the transaction flow is based at least in part on determining that the ticket type is associated with the transaction flow. 15. A merchant device, comprising:
a display to present content; an input device to receive input from a merchant; one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed on the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform acts comprising:
presenting, via the display, a user interface for generating order tickets for the merchant;
receiving, via the user interface, a selection corresponding to a type of transaction for a transaction between the merchant and a customer;
selecting, based at least in part on the type of transaction, a ticket type for the transaction from a plurality of predefined ticket types;
generating an open ticket based at least in part on the ticket type;
generating a visual representation of data associated with the open ticket, wherein a layout of the data within the visual representation is based at least in part on the ticket type;
presenting, on the display, the visual representation of the data. 16. The merchant device of claim 15, the acts further comprising:
selecting, based at least in part on the ticket type, a transaction flow from a plurality of predefined transaction flows, wherein the transaction flow identifies one or more processes associated with the transaction; and associating the transaction flow with the open ticket, and wherein the layout of the data within the visual representation is further based at least in part on the transaction flow. 17. The merchant device of claim 15, the acts further comprising:
receiving input, from the input device, identifying a new type of transaction between the merchant and the customer; determining, based at least in part on the new type of transaction, a new ticket type for the transaction from the plurality of predefined ticket types; updating, based at least in part on the new ticket type, the open ticket in order to generate an updated open ticket for the transaction; generating a new visual representation of data associated with the new open ticket, wherein a layout of the data within the new visual representation is based at least in part on the updated ticket type; presenting, on the display, the new visual representation of the data. 18. The merchant device of claim 17, wherein the open ticket includes an associated versioning data structure indicating a version of the open ticket, and wherein the acts further comprise:
updating, based at least in part on generating the updated open ticket, the associated versioning data structure in order to indicate that the open ticket has been updated; and syncing ticket data associated with the updated open ticket with one or more other merchant devices associated with the merchant, and wherein the associated versioning data structure within the ticket data causes the one or more other merchant devices to locally update the open ticket stored on the one or more other merchant devices to the updated open ticket. 19. The merchant device of claim 15, wherein the user interface includes a visual representation of merchant location associated with the merchant, the visual representation including a plurality of interactive elements, an individual interactive element of the plurality of interactive elements:
corresponding to a respective location within the merchant location; being associated with a respective type of transaction from a plurality of types of transactions; and indicating that the respective location within the merchant location is already associated with a respective open ticket or that the respective location within the merchant location is ready to be associated with a new open ticket. 20. The merchant device of claim 19, wherein:
an interactive element of the plurality of interactive elements is associated with the type of transaction and indicates that a location corresponding to the interactive element is ready to be associated with the open ticket; and receiving the selection corresponding to the type of transaction comprises receiving, from the input device, input associated with the interactive element. | 2,400 |
349,476 | 16,807,068 | 2,446 | A method of selectively broadcasting a message to a client by a server without knowing the client's internet protocol (IP) address includes receiving video feeds of an area of interest from one or more cameras, performing target recognition and tracking on one or more targets, including position of the one or more targets, extracting target-specific context parameters from the one or more recognized and tracked targets, encoding the target-specific context parameters into a header, thereby generating a context address for the one or more targets, appending the context address to a message for the one or more targets from a predetermined set of messages based on the position of the one or more targets, thereby generating one or more packets of information, and broadcasting the one or more packets wirelessly to one or more client mobile devices each associated with the one or more targets. | 1. A client-server system adapted to broadcast selective messages to one or more clients without knowing the internet protocol address of the clients, comprising:
a server having a server processor adapted to execute a computer-readable program encoded on a client-server system, comprising: a server having a server processor adapted to execute a computer-readable program encoded on a non-transitory computer-readable medium; one or more cameras in communication with the server each adapted to provide a video feed of an area of interest; one or more client mobile devices each hosted by a corresponding user (target), each of the one or more client mobile devices adapted to receive broadcasted signals form the server, wherein the server processor is configured to:
receive video feeds from the one or more cameras;
perform target recognition and tracking on the one or more targets, including position of the one or more targets;
extract target-specific context parameters from the one or more recognized and tracked targets;
encode the target-specific context parameters into a header, thereby generate a context address for the one or more targets;
append the context address to a message for the one or more targets from a predetermined set of messages based on the position of the one or more targets, thereby generate one or more packets of information; and
broadcast the one or more packets wirelessly to the one or more client mobile devices. 2. The client-server system of claim 1, wherein the target-specific context parameters include an identifier as to whether the one or more target is moving. 3. The client-server system of claim 1, wherein the target-specific context parameters include an identifier as to the velocity of the one or more targets. 4. The client-server system of claim 1, wherein the target-specific context parameters include an identifier as to degree of rotation of the one or more targets. 5. The client-server system of claim 1, wherein the server processor is configured to establish one or more ambiance maps of the area of interest based on one or more ambiance context parameters. 6. The client-server system of claim 5, wherein the one or more ambiance maps include a map of magnetic trends in the area of interest based on subdividing the area of interest into a plurality of smaller subdivided areas. 7. The client-server system of claim 6, wherein the server processor is configured to add the magnetic trend obtained from the magnetic trend map based on the position of the one or more targets to the header. 8. The client-server system of claim 7, wherein the one or more ambiance maps include a map of Wi-Fi signal strength (Wi-Fi fingerprint) in the area of interest based on subdividing the area of interest into a plurality of smaller subdivided areas. 9. The client-server system of claim 8, wherein the server processor is configured to add the Wi-Fi fingerprint obtained from the magnetic trend map based on the position of the one or more targets to the header. 10. The client-server system of claim 9, wherein the one or more client mobile devices configured to i) receive the message, ii) extract the header; iii) decode the header into target-specific context parameters and ambiance context parameters; iv) compare values of the target-specific context parameters and ambiance context parameters with onboard sensor reading; v) assign a score based on the comparison; vi) compare the assigned score to a predetermined threshold; and vii) if the assigned score is above the predetermined threshold indicating the broadcasted message is intended for the one or more targets, then display the associated message on an associated screen of the associated client mobile device. 11. A method of selectively broadcasting a message to a client by a server without knowing the client's internet protocol (IP) address, comprising:
receiving video feeds of an area of interest from one or more cameras in communication with a server; performing target recognition and tracking on one or more targets in the area of interest, including position of the one or more targets; extracting target-specific context parameters from the one or more recognized and tracked targets; encoding the target-specific context parameters into a header, thereby generating a context address for the one or more targets; appending the context address to a message for the one or more targets from a predetermined set of messages based on the position of the one or more targets, thereby generating one or more packets of information; and broadcasting the one or more packets wirelessly to one or more client mobile devices each associated with the one or more targets. 12. The method claim 11, wherein the target-specific context parameters include an identifier as to whether the one or more target is moving. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the target-specific context parameters include an identifier as to the velocity of the one or more targets. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the target-specific context parameters include an identifier as to degree of rotation of the one or more targets. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
establishing one or more ambiance maps of the area of interest based on one or more ambiance context parameters. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the one or more ambiance maps include a map of magnetic trends in the area of interest based on subdividing the area of interest into a plurality of smaller subdivided areas. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
adding the magnetic trend obtained from the magnetic trend map based on the position of the one or more targets to the header. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the one or more ambiance maps include a map of Wi-Fi signal strength (Wi-Fi fingerprint) in the area of interest based on subdividing the area of interest into a plurality of smaller subdivided areas. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
adding the Wi-Fi fingerprint obtained from the magnetic trend map based on the position of the one or more targets to the header. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
the one or more client mobile devices receiving the message; the one or more client mobile devices extracting the header; the one or more client mobile devices decoding the header into target-specific context parameters and ambiance context parameters; the one or more client mobile devices comparing values of the target-specific context parameters and ambiance context parameters with onboard sensor reading; the one or more client mobile devices assigning a score based on the comparison; the one or more client mobile devices comparing the assigned score to a predetermined threshold; and if the assigned score is above the predetermined threshold the one or more client mobile devices indicating the broadcasted message is intended for the one or more targets, then displaying the associated message on an associated screen of the associated client mobile device. | A method of selectively broadcasting a message to a client by a server without knowing the client's internet protocol (IP) address includes receiving video feeds of an area of interest from one or more cameras, performing target recognition and tracking on one or more targets, including position of the one or more targets, extracting target-specific context parameters from the one or more recognized and tracked targets, encoding the target-specific context parameters into a header, thereby generating a context address for the one or more targets, appending the context address to a message for the one or more targets from a predetermined set of messages based on the position of the one or more targets, thereby generating one or more packets of information, and broadcasting the one or more packets wirelessly to one or more client mobile devices each associated with the one or more targets.1. A client-server system adapted to broadcast selective messages to one or more clients without knowing the internet protocol address of the clients, comprising:
a server having a server processor adapted to execute a computer-readable program encoded on a client-server system, comprising: a server having a server processor adapted to execute a computer-readable program encoded on a non-transitory computer-readable medium; one or more cameras in communication with the server each adapted to provide a video feed of an area of interest; one or more client mobile devices each hosted by a corresponding user (target), each of the one or more client mobile devices adapted to receive broadcasted signals form the server, wherein the server processor is configured to:
receive video feeds from the one or more cameras;
perform target recognition and tracking on the one or more targets, including position of the one or more targets;
extract target-specific context parameters from the one or more recognized and tracked targets;
encode the target-specific context parameters into a header, thereby generate a context address for the one or more targets;
append the context address to a message for the one or more targets from a predetermined set of messages based on the position of the one or more targets, thereby generate one or more packets of information; and
broadcast the one or more packets wirelessly to the one or more client mobile devices. 2. The client-server system of claim 1, wherein the target-specific context parameters include an identifier as to whether the one or more target is moving. 3. The client-server system of claim 1, wherein the target-specific context parameters include an identifier as to the velocity of the one or more targets. 4. The client-server system of claim 1, wherein the target-specific context parameters include an identifier as to degree of rotation of the one or more targets. 5. The client-server system of claim 1, wherein the server processor is configured to establish one or more ambiance maps of the area of interest based on one or more ambiance context parameters. 6. The client-server system of claim 5, wherein the one or more ambiance maps include a map of magnetic trends in the area of interest based on subdividing the area of interest into a plurality of smaller subdivided areas. 7. The client-server system of claim 6, wherein the server processor is configured to add the magnetic trend obtained from the magnetic trend map based on the position of the one or more targets to the header. 8. The client-server system of claim 7, wherein the one or more ambiance maps include a map of Wi-Fi signal strength (Wi-Fi fingerprint) in the area of interest based on subdividing the area of interest into a plurality of smaller subdivided areas. 9. The client-server system of claim 8, wherein the server processor is configured to add the Wi-Fi fingerprint obtained from the magnetic trend map based on the position of the one or more targets to the header. 10. The client-server system of claim 9, wherein the one or more client mobile devices configured to i) receive the message, ii) extract the header; iii) decode the header into target-specific context parameters and ambiance context parameters; iv) compare values of the target-specific context parameters and ambiance context parameters with onboard sensor reading; v) assign a score based on the comparison; vi) compare the assigned score to a predetermined threshold; and vii) if the assigned score is above the predetermined threshold indicating the broadcasted message is intended for the one or more targets, then display the associated message on an associated screen of the associated client mobile device. 11. A method of selectively broadcasting a message to a client by a server without knowing the client's internet protocol (IP) address, comprising:
receiving video feeds of an area of interest from one or more cameras in communication with a server; performing target recognition and tracking on one or more targets in the area of interest, including position of the one or more targets; extracting target-specific context parameters from the one or more recognized and tracked targets; encoding the target-specific context parameters into a header, thereby generating a context address for the one or more targets; appending the context address to a message for the one or more targets from a predetermined set of messages based on the position of the one or more targets, thereby generating one or more packets of information; and broadcasting the one or more packets wirelessly to one or more client mobile devices each associated with the one or more targets. 12. The method claim 11, wherein the target-specific context parameters include an identifier as to whether the one or more target is moving. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the target-specific context parameters include an identifier as to the velocity of the one or more targets. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the target-specific context parameters include an identifier as to degree of rotation of the one or more targets. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
establishing one or more ambiance maps of the area of interest based on one or more ambiance context parameters. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the one or more ambiance maps include a map of magnetic trends in the area of interest based on subdividing the area of interest into a plurality of smaller subdivided areas. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
adding the magnetic trend obtained from the magnetic trend map based on the position of the one or more targets to the header. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the one or more ambiance maps include a map of Wi-Fi signal strength (Wi-Fi fingerprint) in the area of interest based on subdividing the area of interest into a plurality of smaller subdivided areas. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
adding the Wi-Fi fingerprint obtained from the magnetic trend map based on the position of the one or more targets to the header. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
the one or more client mobile devices receiving the message; the one or more client mobile devices extracting the header; the one or more client mobile devices decoding the header into target-specific context parameters and ambiance context parameters; the one or more client mobile devices comparing values of the target-specific context parameters and ambiance context parameters with onboard sensor reading; the one or more client mobile devices assigning a score based on the comparison; the one or more client mobile devices comparing the assigned score to a predetermined threshold; and if the assigned score is above the predetermined threshold the one or more client mobile devices indicating the broadcasted message is intended for the one or more targets, then displaying the associated message on an associated screen of the associated client mobile device. | 2,400 |
349,477 | 16,807,063 | 2,446 | A method of selectively broadcasting a message to a client by a server without knowing the client's internet protocol (IP) address includes receiving video feeds of an area of interest from one or more cameras, performing target recognition and tracking on one or more targets, including position of the one or more targets, extracting target-specific context parameters from the one or more recognized and tracked targets, encoding the target-specific context parameters into a header, thereby generating a context address for the one or more targets, appending the context address to a message for the one or more targets from a predetermined set of messages based on the position of the one or more targets, thereby generating one or more packets of information, and broadcasting the one or more packets wirelessly to one or more client mobile devices each associated with the one or more targets. | 1. A client-server system adapted to broadcast selective messages to one or more clients without knowing the internet protocol address of the clients, comprising:
a server having a server processor adapted to execute a computer-readable program encoded on a client-server system, comprising: a server having a server processor adapted to execute a computer-readable program encoded on a non-transitory computer-readable medium; one or more cameras in communication with the server each adapted to provide a video feed of an area of interest; one or more client mobile devices each hosted by a corresponding user (target), each of the one or more client mobile devices adapted to receive broadcasted signals form the server, wherein the server processor is configured to:
receive video feeds from the one or more cameras;
perform target recognition and tracking on the one or more targets, including position of the one or more targets;
extract target-specific context parameters from the one or more recognized and tracked targets;
encode the target-specific context parameters into a header, thereby generate a context address for the one or more targets;
append the context address to a message for the one or more targets from a predetermined set of messages based on the position of the one or more targets, thereby generate one or more packets of information; and
broadcast the one or more packets wirelessly to the one or more client mobile devices. 2. The client-server system of claim 1, wherein the target-specific context parameters include an identifier as to whether the one or more target is moving. 3. The client-server system of claim 1, wherein the target-specific context parameters include an identifier as to the velocity of the one or more targets. 4. The client-server system of claim 1, wherein the target-specific context parameters include an identifier as to degree of rotation of the one or more targets. 5. The client-server system of claim 1, wherein the server processor is configured to establish one or more ambiance maps of the area of interest based on one or more ambiance context parameters. 6. The client-server system of claim 5, wherein the one or more ambiance maps include a map of magnetic trends in the area of interest based on subdividing the area of interest into a plurality of smaller subdivided areas. 7. The client-server system of claim 6, wherein the server processor is configured to add the magnetic trend obtained from the magnetic trend map based on the position of the one or more targets to the header. 8. The client-server system of claim 7, wherein the one or more ambiance maps include a map of Wi-Fi signal strength (Wi-Fi fingerprint) in the area of interest based on subdividing the area of interest into a plurality of smaller subdivided areas. 9. The client-server system of claim 8, wherein the server processor is configured to add the Wi-Fi fingerprint obtained from the magnetic trend map based on the position of the one or more targets to the header. 10. The client-server system of claim 9, wherein the one or more client mobile devices configured to i) receive the message, ii) extract the header; iii) decode the header into target-specific context parameters and ambiance context parameters; iv) compare values of the target-specific context parameters and ambiance context parameters with onboard sensor reading; v) assign a score based on the comparison; vi) compare the assigned score to a predetermined threshold; and vii) if the assigned score is above the predetermined threshold indicating the broadcasted message is intended for the one or more targets, then display the associated message on an associated screen of the associated client mobile device. 11. A method of selectively broadcasting a message to a client by a server without knowing the client's internet protocol (IP) address, comprising:
receiving video feeds of an area of interest from one or more cameras in communication with a server; performing target recognition and tracking on one or more targets in the area of interest, including position of the one or more targets; extracting target-specific context parameters from the one or more recognized and tracked targets; encoding the target-specific context parameters into a header, thereby generating a context address for the one or more targets; appending the context address to a message for the one or more targets from a predetermined set of messages based on the position of the one or more targets, thereby generating one or more packets of information; and broadcasting the one or more packets wirelessly to one or more client mobile devices each associated with the one or more targets. 12. The method claim 11, wherein the target-specific context parameters include an identifier as to whether the one or more target is moving. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the target-specific context parameters include an identifier as to the velocity of the one or more targets. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the target-specific context parameters include an identifier as to degree of rotation of the one or more targets. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
establishing one or more ambiance maps of the area of interest based on one or more ambiance context parameters. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the one or more ambiance maps include a map of magnetic trends in the area of interest based on subdividing the area of interest into a plurality of smaller subdivided areas. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
adding the magnetic trend obtained from the magnetic trend map based on the position of the one or more targets to the header. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the one or more ambiance maps include a map of Wi-Fi signal strength (Wi-Fi fingerprint) in the area of interest based on subdividing the area of interest into a plurality of smaller subdivided areas. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
adding the Wi-Fi fingerprint obtained from the magnetic trend map based on the position of the one or more targets to the header. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
the one or more client mobile devices receiving the message; the one or more client mobile devices extracting the header; the one or more client mobile devices decoding the header into target-specific context parameters and ambiance context parameters; the one or more client mobile devices comparing values of the target-specific context parameters and ambiance context parameters with onboard sensor reading; the one or more client mobile devices assigning a score based on the comparison; the one or more client mobile devices comparing the assigned score to a predetermined threshold; and if the assigned score is above the predetermined threshold the one or more client mobile devices indicating the broadcasted message is intended for the one or more targets, then displaying the associated message on an associated screen of the associated client mobile device. | A method of selectively broadcasting a message to a client by a server without knowing the client's internet protocol (IP) address includes receiving video feeds of an area of interest from one or more cameras, performing target recognition and tracking on one or more targets, including position of the one or more targets, extracting target-specific context parameters from the one or more recognized and tracked targets, encoding the target-specific context parameters into a header, thereby generating a context address for the one or more targets, appending the context address to a message for the one or more targets from a predetermined set of messages based on the position of the one or more targets, thereby generating one or more packets of information, and broadcasting the one or more packets wirelessly to one or more client mobile devices each associated with the one or more targets.1. A client-server system adapted to broadcast selective messages to one or more clients without knowing the internet protocol address of the clients, comprising:
a server having a server processor adapted to execute a computer-readable program encoded on a client-server system, comprising: a server having a server processor adapted to execute a computer-readable program encoded on a non-transitory computer-readable medium; one or more cameras in communication with the server each adapted to provide a video feed of an area of interest; one or more client mobile devices each hosted by a corresponding user (target), each of the one or more client mobile devices adapted to receive broadcasted signals form the server, wherein the server processor is configured to:
receive video feeds from the one or more cameras;
perform target recognition and tracking on the one or more targets, including position of the one or more targets;
extract target-specific context parameters from the one or more recognized and tracked targets;
encode the target-specific context parameters into a header, thereby generate a context address for the one or more targets;
append the context address to a message for the one or more targets from a predetermined set of messages based on the position of the one or more targets, thereby generate one or more packets of information; and
broadcast the one or more packets wirelessly to the one or more client mobile devices. 2. The client-server system of claim 1, wherein the target-specific context parameters include an identifier as to whether the one or more target is moving. 3. The client-server system of claim 1, wherein the target-specific context parameters include an identifier as to the velocity of the one or more targets. 4. The client-server system of claim 1, wherein the target-specific context parameters include an identifier as to degree of rotation of the one or more targets. 5. The client-server system of claim 1, wherein the server processor is configured to establish one or more ambiance maps of the area of interest based on one or more ambiance context parameters. 6. The client-server system of claim 5, wherein the one or more ambiance maps include a map of magnetic trends in the area of interest based on subdividing the area of interest into a plurality of smaller subdivided areas. 7. The client-server system of claim 6, wherein the server processor is configured to add the magnetic trend obtained from the magnetic trend map based on the position of the one or more targets to the header. 8. The client-server system of claim 7, wherein the one or more ambiance maps include a map of Wi-Fi signal strength (Wi-Fi fingerprint) in the area of interest based on subdividing the area of interest into a plurality of smaller subdivided areas. 9. The client-server system of claim 8, wherein the server processor is configured to add the Wi-Fi fingerprint obtained from the magnetic trend map based on the position of the one or more targets to the header. 10. The client-server system of claim 9, wherein the one or more client mobile devices configured to i) receive the message, ii) extract the header; iii) decode the header into target-specific context parameters and ambiance context parameters; iv) compare values of the target-specific context parameters and ambiance context parameters with onboard sensor reading; v) assign a score based on the comparison; vi) compare the assigned score to a predetermined threshold; and vii) if the assigned score is above the predetermined threshold indicating the broadcasted message is intended for the one or more targets, then display the associated message on an associated screen of the associated client mobile device. 11. A method of selectively broadcasting a message to a client by a server without knowing the client's internet protocol (IP) address, comprising:
receiving video feeds of an area of interest from one or more cameras in communication with a server; performing target recognition and tracking on one or more targets in the area of interest, including position of the one or more targets; extracting target-specific context parameters from the one or more recognized and tracked targets; encoding the target-specific context parameters into a header, thereby generating a context address for the one or more targets; appending the context address to a message for the one or more targets from a predetermined set of messages based on the position of the one or more targets, thereby generating one or more packets of information; and broadcasting the one or more packets wirelessly to one or more client mobile devices each associated with the one or more targets. 12. The method claim 11, wherein the target-specific context parameters include an identifier as to whether the one or more target is moving. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the target-specific context parameters include an identifier as to the velocity of the one or more targets. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the target-specific context parameters include an identifier as to degree of rotation of the one or more targets. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
establishing one or more ambiance maps of the area of interest based on one or more ambiance context parameters. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the one or more ambiance maps include a map of magnetic trends in the area of interest based on subdividing the area of interest into a plurality of smaller subdivided areas. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
adding the magnetic trend obtained from the magnetic trend map based on the position of the one or more targets to the header. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the one or more ambiance maps include a map of Wi-Fi signal strength (Wi-Fi fingerprint) in the area of interest based on subdividing the area of interest into a plurality of smaller subdivided areas. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
adding the Wi-Fi fingerprint obtained from the magnetic trend map based on the position of the one or more targets to the header. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
the one or more client mobile devices receiving the message; the one or more client mobile devices extracting the header; the one or more client mobile devices decoding the header into target-specific context parameters and ambiance context parameters; the one or more client mobile devices comparing values of the target-specific context parameters and ambiance context parameters with onboard sensor reading; the one or more client mobile devices assigning a score based on the comparison; the one or more client mobile devices comparing the assigned score to a predetermined threshold; and if the assigned score is above the predetermined threshold the one or more client mobile devices indicating the broadcasted message is intended for the one or more targets, then displaying the associated message on an associated screen of the associated client mobile device. | 2,400 |
349,478 | 16,807,046 | 2,446 | The present invention pertains to a device, system, and method for evaluating the condition of a wooden structure by automated profiling of the hardness of the structure. More particularly, the present invention is directed towards a probing device comprising a blade coupled to a resistance mechanism and a mechanical sensor for measuring the hardness of wood in a structure; a system comprising such a device, and a computing device coupled to the device that outputs the hardness measurements of the device; and a method for operating such a device and determining the condition of wood by identifying changes in hardness in a wooden structure. | 1. A device for measuring hardness of wooden structures, the device comprising:
a shaft; a blade moveably coupled to the shaft, the blade being configured to (i) extend outwardly from the shaft and (ii) displace inwardly toward the shaft in response to contacting a wooden structure of sufficient hardness; and a sensor configured to measure displacement of the blade. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the shaft comprises a hollow portion and at least some of the blade is disposed within the hollow portion. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein:
the shaft further comprises a hole, and the blade is configured to (i) extend outwardly from the hole and (ii) retract into the hole in response to receiving an applied force. 4. The device of claim 1 further comprising a biasing mechanism configured to bias the blade toward an extended position. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the biasing mechanism comprises a spring. 6. The device of claim 1 further comprising a handle connected to a first end of the shaft, wherein the blade is located proximate a second end of the shaft. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein said shaft further comprises a probing tip disposed proximate the blade. 8. The device of claim 1 further comprising a controller, the controller configured to receive blade displacement data from the sensor. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the controller is further configured to determine a local hardness of the wooden structure based at least in part on the blade displacement data. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the controller is further configured to:
determine location data associated with a current location of the blade corresponding to the blade displacement data; and generate a hardness profile based at least in part on the blade displacement data and the location data. 11. The device of claim 10 further comprising a distance sensor configured to measure distance data, wherein determining the location data is based at least in part on the distance data. 12. The device of claim 11 further comprising an angle detection device configured to detect an angle of the shaft and transmit angle data to the controller, the angle data being indicative of the angle of the shaft with respect to horizontal,
wherein determining the location data is based at least in part on the distance data and the angle data. 13. A system for measuring hardness of a wooden structure, the system comprising:
a device for measuring a local hardness of the wooden structure, the device comprising:
a shaft;
a blade moveably coupled to the shaft, the blade being configured to (i) extend outwardly from the shaft and (ii) displace inwardly toward the shaft in response to contacting a wooden structure of sufficient hardness; and
a displacement sensor configured to measure displacement of the blade; and
a computing device configured to receive displacement data from the displacement sensor, the displacement data being indicative of the displacement of the blade, wherein the computing device is configured to determine the local hardness of the wooden structure based at least in part on the displacement data. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the computing device is integrated into the device. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the computing device is located remotely with respect to the device. 16. The system of claim 13, wherein the device further comprises a distance sensor configured to measure distance data, the computing device being configured to determine location data associated with a current location of the blade corresponding to the blade displacement data. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the computing device is further configured to:
receive distance data associated with a plurality of blade locations and blade displacement data associated with the plurality of blade locations; and determine a hardness profile of the wooden structure based at least in part on the distance data and the blade displacement data. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein:
the device further comprises an angle-detecting device configured to determine angle data indicative of a measured angle of the shaft with respect to horizontal, and the computing device is further configured to receive angle data associated with the plurality of blade locations, determining the hardness profile of the wooden structure is based at least in part on the angle data. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the hardness profile comprises an indication of a current condition of the wooden structure or an indication of a current strength of the wooden structure. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the hardness profile comprises an indication of a current section modulus of the wooden structure. | The present invention pertains to a device, system, and method for evaluating the condition of a wooden structure by automated profiling of the hardness of the structure. More particularly, the present invention is directed towards a probing device comprising a blade coupled to a resistance mechanism and a mechanical sensor for measuring the hardness of wood in a structure; a system comprising such a device, and a computing device coupled to the device that outputs the hardness measurements of the device; and a method for operating such a device and determining the condition of wood by identifying changes in hardness in a wooden structure.1. A device for measuring hardness of wooden structures, the device comprising:
a shaft; a blade moveably coupled to the shaft, the blade being configured to (i) extend outwardly from the shaft and (ii) displace inwardly toward the shaft in response to contacting a wooden structure of sufficient hardness; and a sensor configured to measure displacement of the blade. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the shaft comprises a hollow portion and at least some of the blade is disposed within the hollow portion. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein:
the shaft further comprises a hole, and the blade is configured to (i) extend outwardly from the hole and (ii) retract into the hole in response to receiving an applied force. 4. The device of claim 1 further comprising a biasing mechanism configured to bias the blade toward an extended position. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the biasing mechanism comprises a spring. 6. The device of claim 1 further comprising a handle connected to a first end of the shaft, wherein the blade is located proximate a second end of the shaft. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein said shaft further comprises a probing tip disposed proximate the blade. 8. The device of claim 1 further comprising a controller, the controller configured to receive blade displacement data from the sensor. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the controller is further configured to determine a local hardness of the wooden structure based at least in part on the blade displacement data. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the controller is further configured to:
determine location data associated with a current location of the blade corresponding to the blade displacement data; and generate a hardness profile based at least in part on the blade displacement data and the location data. 11. The device of claim 10 further comprising a distance sensor configured to measure distance data, wherein determining the location data is based at least in part on the distance data. 12. The device of claim 11 further comprising an angle detection device configured to detect an angle of the shaft and transmit angle data to the controller, the angle data being indicative of the angle of the shaft with respect to horizontal,
wherein determining the location data is based at least in part on the distance data and the angle data. 13. A system for measuring hardness of a wooden structure, the system comprising:
a device for measuring a local hardness of the wooden structure, the device comprising:
a shaft;
a blade moveably coupled to the shaft, the blade being configured to (i) extend outwardly from the shaft and (ii) displace inwardly toward the shaft in response to contacting a wooden structure of sufficient hardness; and
a displacement sensor configured to measure displacement of the blade; and
a computing device configured to receive displacement data from the displacement sensor, the displacement data being indicative of the displacement of the blade, wherein the computing device is configured to determine the local hardness of the wooden structure based at least in part on the displacement data. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the computing device is integrated into the device. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the computing device is located remotely with respect to the device. 16. The system of claim 13, wherein the device further comprises a distance sensor configured to measure distance data, the computing device being configured to determine location data associated with a current location of the blade corresponding to the blade displacement data. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the computing device is further configured to:
receive distance data associated with a plurality of blade locations and blade displacement data associated with the plurality of blade locations; and determine a hardness profile of the wooden structure based at least in part on the distance data and the blade displacement data. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein:
the device further comprises an angle-detecting device configured to determine angle data indicative of a measured angle of the shaft with respect to horizontal, and the computing device is further configured to receive angle data associated with the plurality of blade locations, determining the hardness profile of the wooden structure is based at least in part on the angle data. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the hardness profile comprises an indication of a current condition of the wooden structure or an indication of a current strength of the wooden structure. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the hardness profile comprises an indication of a current section modulus of the wooden structure. | 2,400 |
349,479 | 16,807,074 | 2,446 | A portable propulsion system for a watercraft may include a shaft, a propeller, an outer casing, and a flexible strap. The shaft may have a prop end section, a drive end section, and a rotational axis extending from the prop end section to the drive end section. The propeller may be connected to the prop end section of the shaft. The drive end section may be configured for removable connection to a driver for rotation of the propeller via rotation of the shaft about the rotational axis to propel the watercraft. The outer casing may be disposed around the shaft. The flexible strap may have first and second end sections connected to the outer casing in respective first and second regions. | 1. A portable propulsion system for a watercraft, comprising:
a shaft having a prop end section, a drive end section, and a rotational axis extending from the prop end section to the drive end section; a driver; a propeller coupled to the driver, the propeller being associated with the shaft and connected to the prop end section, and wherein the drive end section is configured for removable connection to the driver to facilitate rotation of the propeller via rotation of the shaft about the rotational axis to propel the watercraft; an outer casing disposed around the shaft; and a flexible strap having a first end section and a second end section, the first end section being connectable to the outer casing in a first region distal the drive end section of the shaft, the second end section being coupled to the outer casing in a second region proximal the drive end section of the shaft. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first end section of the strap is operable between a connected position and a towing position, the connected position corresponding to the first end section of the strap being connected to the outer casing in the first region to form a circuit in the portable propulsion system, the towing position corresponding to the first end section being disconnected from the outer casing in the first region for connection to the watercraft. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the first end section of the strap includes an adjustable first loop. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the first loop surrounds the outer casing in the first region when the first end section is in the connected position. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein moving the first end section of the strap from the connected position to the towing position involves loosening the first loop, and sliding it from the first region to the second region and over the drive end section of the shaft. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the second end section of the strap is coupled to the outer casing in the second region when the first end section of the strap is in at least one of the connected and towing positions. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the second end section of the strap includes a second loop surrounding the outer casing in the second region. 8. The system of claim 6, further comprising foam disposed around the outer casing, the foam extending between the first and second regions. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the second loop is sandwiched between the outer casing and the foam. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the foam has opposing first and second edge sections, with the first edge section being proximal the first region and the second edge section being proximal the second region, the second loop being sandwiched between the outer casing and the second edge section, the first loop being disposed between the outer casing and the first edge section when in the connected position. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the strap is made of nylon. 12. A portable propulsion system for a watercraft, comprising:
a shaft having a prop end section, a drive end section, and a rotational axis extending from the prop end section to the drive end section; a propeller connected to the prop end section of the shaft, the drive end section being configured for removable connection to a driver for rotation of the propeller via rotation of the shaft about the rotational axis to propel the watercraft; an outer casing disposed around the shaft; and a flexible strap having first and second end sections connected to the outer casing in respective first and second regions. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the first region is distal the drive end section of the shaft, and the second region is proximal the drive end section of the shaft. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the first end section of the strap is operable between a connected position and a towing position, the connected position corresponding to the first end section of the strap connected to the outer casing in the first region to form a circuit in the portable propulsion system, the towing position corresponding to the first end section disconnected from the outer casing in the first region. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the first end section of the strap includes an adjustable first loop configured to be tightened around the outer casing for connection of the first end section of the strap to the outer casing in the first region. 16. The system of claim 12, further comprising a first section of foam disposed on the outer casing and extending between the first and second regions. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the second end section of the strap is sandwiched between the first section of foam and the outer casing in the second region. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the strap is configured to press against the first section of foam. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the strap is configured to continuously contact the first section of foam between the first and second regions. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the strap is operable between a narrow-circuit position and a wide-circuit position, the narrow-circuit position corresponding to the strap continuously contacting the first section of foam between the first and second regions, the wide-circuit position corresponding to the strap pulled away from a central section of the first section of the foam disposed between the first and second regions to widen a circuit formed by the strap and the outer casing. | A portable propulsion system for a watercraft may include a shaft, a propeller, an outer casing, and a flexible strap. The shaft may have a prop end section, a drive end section, and a rotational axis extending from the prop end section to the drive end section. The propeller may be connected to the prop end section of the shaft. The drive end section may be configured for removable connection to a driver for rotation of the propeller via rotation of the shaft about the rotational axis to propel the watercraft. The outer casing may be disposed around the shaft. The flexible strap may have first and second end sections connected to the outer casing in respective first and second regions.1. A portable propulsion system for a watercraft, comprising:
a shaft having a prop end section, a drive end section, and a rotational axis extending from the prop end section to the drive end section; a driver; a propeller coupled to the driver, the propeller being associated with the shaft and connected to the prop end section, and wherein the drive end section is configured for removable connection to the driver to facilitate rotation of the propeller via rotation of the shaft about the rotational axis to propel the watercraft; an outer casing disposed around the shaft; and a flexible strap having a first end section and a second end section, the first end section being connectable to the outer casing in a first region distal the drive end section of the shaft, the second end section being coupled to the outer casing in a second region proximal the drive end section of the shaft. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first end section of the strap is operable between a connected position and a towing position, the connected position corresponding to the first end section of the strap being connected to the outer casing in the first region to form a circuit in the portable propulsion system, the towing position corresponding to the first end section being disconnected from the outer casing in the first region for connection to the watercraft. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the first end section of the strap includes an adjustable first loop. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the first loop surrounds the outer casing in the first region when the first end section is in the connected position. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein moving the first end section of the strap from the connected position to the towing position involves loosening the first loop, and sliding it from the first region to the second region and over the drive end section of the shaft. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the second end section of the strap is coupled to the outer casing in the second region when the first end section of the strap is in at least one of the connected and towing positions. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the second end section of the strap includes a second loop surrounding the outer casing in the second region. 8. The system of claim 6, further comprising foam disposed around the outer casing, the foam extending between the first and second regions. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the second loop is sandwiched between the outer casing and the foam. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the foam has opposing first and second edge sections, with the first edge section being proximal the first region and the second edge section being proximal the second region, the second loop being sandwiched between the outer casing and the second edge section, the first loop being disposed between the outer casing and the first edge section when in the connected position. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the strap is made of nylon. 12. A portable propulsion system for a watercraft, comprising:
a shaft having a prop end section, a drive end section, and a rotational axis extending from the prop end section to the drive end section; a propeller connected to the prop end section of the shaft, the drive end section being configured for removable connection to a driver for rotation of the propeller via rotation of the shaft about the rotational axis to propel the watercraft; an outer casing disposed around the shaft; and a flexible strap having first and second end sections connected to the outer casing in respective first and second regions. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the first region is distal the drive end section of the shaft, and the second region is proximal the drive end section of the shaft. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the first end section of the strap is operable between a connected position and a towing position, the connected position corresponding to the first end section of the strap connected to the outer casing in the first region to form a circuit in the portable propulsion system, the towing position corresponding to the first end section disconnected from the outer casing in the first region. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the first end section of the strap includes an adjustable first loop configured to be tightened around the outer casing for connection of the first end section of the strap to the outer casing in the first region. 16. The system of claim 12, further comprising a first section of foam disposed on the outer casing and extending between the first and second regions. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the second end section of the strap is sandwiched between the first section of foam and the outer casing in the second region. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the strap is configured to press against the first section of foam. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the strap is configured to continuously contact the first section of foam between the first and second regions. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the strap is operable between a narrow-circuit position and a wide-circuit position, the narrow-circuit position corresponding to the strap continuously contacting the first section of foam between the first and second regions, the wide-circuit position corresponding to the strap pulled away from a central section of the first section of the foam disposed between the first and second regions to widen a circuit formed by the strap and the outer casing. | 2,400 |
349,480 | 16,807,090 | 2,446 | A removable knob safety insert is installed in a cooking device such as a gas or electric stove, between and the rear face of its control knob and the face of its control panel. The knob safety insert is designed to manually control the activation or deactivation of the cooking elements, as desired. The push-in-and-turn type switches used in such devices require that the control knob be pushed in before the switch can be moved from its off position. When in its locked position, the knob safety insert prevents the control knob from being pushed and thus the cooking element from being activated. When in its unlocked position, the knob safety insert enables the control knob to be pushed, allowing the cooking element to be moved from its off position. | 1. A knob safety insert device for a push-turn switch knob, comprising a plate shaped member, the plate shaped member having a first portion with a first average thickness and a second portion with a second average thickness greater than the first average thickness, the first portion and the second portion being spaced apart in a longitudinal direction, the plate shaped member defining an elongated slot extending in the longitudinal direction between the first portion and the second portion. 2. The knob safety insert device of claim 1, wherein the first and second average thicknesses of the plate shaped member are between 1.0 mm to 15 mm. 3. The knob safety insert device of claim 1, wherein the first average thickness is between 1.0 mm to 6 mm and the second average thickness is between 8 mm to 15 mm. 4. The knob safety insert device of claim 1, wherein a width of the slot is between 6 mm to 15 mm. 5. The knob safety insert device of claim 1, wherein the plate shaped member further has a middle portion located between the first portion and the second portion, wherein a thickness of the middle portion changes gradually. 6. The knob safety insert device of claim 1, wherein the elongated slots includes a opening at one end connected to a middle section, the opening having a width greater than a width of the middle section. 7. The knob safety insert device of claim 6, wherein the width of the middle section is between 6 mm to 12 mm and the width of the opening is between 2 mm to 10 mm wider than the width of the middle section. 8. The knob safety insert device of claim 1, wherein the plate shaped member is made of silicone rubber. 9. The knob safety insert device of claim 1, wherein a front surface and/or a back surface of the plate shaped member includes embossed features. 10. The knob safety insert device of claim 1, wherein the second portion or a portion of the plate shaped member adjacent to the second portion has a color different from a color of other portions of the plate shaped member. 11. The knob safety insert device of claim 1, wherein the plate shaped member further defines a through slit extending from one end of the slot to a corresponding edge of the plate shaped member. 12. The knob safety insert device of claim 1, wherein the plate shaped member further includes one or more indicator lines located between one end of the slot and a corresponding edge of the plate shaped member. | A removable knob safety insert is installed in a cooking device such as a gas or electric stove, between and the rear face of its control knob and the face of its control panel. The knob safety insert is designed to manually control the activation or deactivation of the cooking elements, as desired. The push-in-and-turn type switches used in such devices require that the control knob be pushed in before the switch can be moved from its off position. When in its locked position, the knob safety insert prevents the control knob from being pushed and thus the cooking element from being activated. When in its unlocked position, the knob safety insert enables the control knob to be pushed, allowing the cooking element to be moved from its off position.1. A knob safety insert device for a push-turn switch knob, comprising a plate shaped member, the plate shaped member having a first portion with a first average thickness and a second portion with a second average thickness greater than the first average thickness, the first portion and the second portion being spaced apart in a longitudinal direction, the plate shaped member defining an elongated slot extending in the longitudinal direction between the first portion and the second portion. 2. The knob safety insert device of claim 1, wherein the first and second average thicknesses of the plate shaped member are between 1.0 mm to 15 mm. 3. The knob safety insert device of claim 1, wherein the first average thickness is between 1.0 mm to 6 mm and the second average thickness is between 8 mm to 15 mm. 4. The knob safety insert device of claim 1, wherein a width of the slot is between 6 mm to 15 mm. 5. The knob safety insert device of claim 1, wherein the plate shaped member further has a middle portion located between the first portion and the second portion, wherein a thickness of the middle portion changes gradually. 6. The knob safety insert device of claim 1, wherein the elongated slots includes a opening at one end connected to a middle section, the opening having a width greater than a width of the middle section. 7. The knob safety insert device of claim 6, wherein the width of the middle section is between 6 mm to 12 mm and the width of the opening is between 2 mm to 10 mm wider than the width of the middle section. 8. The knob safety insert device of claim 1, wherein the plate shaped member is made of silicone rubber. 9. The knob safety insert device of claim 1, wherein a front surface and/or a back surface of the plate shaped member includes embossed features. 10. The knob safety insert device of claim 1, wherein the second portion or a portion of the plate shaped member adjacent to the second portion has a color different from a color of other portions of the plate shaped member. 11. The knob safety insert device of claim 1, wherein the plate shaped member further defines a through slit extending from one end of the slot to a corresponding edge of the plate shaped member. 12. The knob safety insert device of claim 1, wherein the plate shaped member further includes one or more indicator lines located between one end of the slot and a corresponding edge of the plate shaped member. | 2,400 |
349,481 | 16,807,065 | 2,446 | A memory sub-system configured to: measure a plurality of sets of signal and noise characteristics of a group of memory cells in a memory device; determine a plurality of optimized read voltages of the group of memory cells from the plurality of sets of signal and noise characteristics respectively; generate features from the plurality of sets of signal and noise characteristics, including at least one compound feature generated from the plurality of sets of signal and noise characteristics; generate, using the features, a classification of a bit error rate of data retrievable from the group of memory cells; and control an operation to read the group of memory cells based on the classification. | 1. A memory device, comprising:
a plurality of groups of memory cells formed on an integrated circuit die; a calibration circuit configured to measure signal and noise characteristics of a group of memory cells to generate features as input to a decision tree; and a data integrity classifier configured to determine a classification of a bit error rate of data retrievable from the group of memory cells by applying the features to the decision tree, wherein the data integrity classifier includes:
a set of feature registers configured to store the features;
a comparator;
a selection logic configured to select at least one feature from the feature registers as input to the comparator;
a leaf path register file configured to store data identifying node connectivity in the decision tree; and
a leaf selection logic configured to control the selection logic based on an output of the comparator and the data stored in the leaf path register file, and to provide the classification in response to reaching a leaf node in the decision tree;
wherein the memory device is configured to control an operation to read the group of memory cells based on the classification. 2. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the decision tree is a binary classification decision tree. 3. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the data integrity classifier further includes:
a set of threshold registers configured to store pre-defined thresholds; wherein the selection logic is configured to select a threshold from the set of threshold registers as input to the comparator. 4. The memory device of claim 3, wherein the data integrity classifier further comprises:
a plurality of term selection register sets; wherein the leaf selection logic is configured to use the plurality of term selection register sets to control the selection logic in selecting a plurality of terms respectively; and wherein the comparator is configured to generate the output based on the plurality of terms. 5. The memory device of claim 4, wherein the output of the comparator is based on whether or not a predefined relation is meet by the plurality of terms. 6. The memory device of claim 5, wherein the data integrity classifier is configured to evaluate the decision tree one node at a time. 7. The memory device of claim 6, further comprising:
an integrated circuit package enclosing the memory device. 8. The memory device of claim 5, further comprising:
a feature generator; and wherein the calibration circuit is configured to measure a plurality of sets of signal and noise characteristics and determine a plurality of read voltages optimized based on the plurality of sets of signal and noise characteristics respectively; wherein the calibration circuit is configured to measure a second set of signal and noise characteristics after measuring first sets of signal and noise characteristics; and wherein the feature generator is configured to:
generate a first compound feature from the first sets of signal and noise characteristics, at least in part in parallel with measuring the second set; and
update the first compound feature according to the second set of signal and noise characteristics after the second set becomes available. 9. A method, comprising:
selecting, from feature registers, at least one feature as an input, the at least one feature generated from signal and noise characteristics of a group of memory cells in a memory device; generating an output based at least in part on the at least one feature selected from the feature registers, the output identifying a selected child node in a decision tree; controlling further selecting from the feature registers in evaluating the child node according to data identifying node connectivity in the decision tree; and providing a classification pre-associated with a leaf node in response to an output that selects the leaf node according to the data identifying the node connectivity in the decision tree. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
storing, in the feature registers of a data integrity classifier, features generated from the signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells in the memory device; and storing, in a leaf path register file, the data identifying the node connectivity in the decision tree of the data integrity classifier; wherein the input is provided to a node decision logic that generates outputs in selecting child nodes in the decision tree; wherein the further selecting is controlled by a leaf selection logic according to the data identifying node connectivity in the decision tree; and wherein the classification characterizes a bit error rate of data retrievable from the group of memory cells. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
controlling an operation to read the group of memory cells based on the classification. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the selecting of the at least one feature from the feature registers is under control of the leaf selection logic; and the method further comprises:
storing pre-defined thresholds in a set of threshold registers of the data integrity classifier; and selecting, under control of the leaf selection logic, a threshold from the threshold registers as input to the comparator; wherein the output generated by the node decision logic is a function of the threshold selected from the threshold registers and the at least one feature selected from the feature registers. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
storing in a plurality of term selection register sets, each register in the plurality of term selection register sets identifying, for a branch node in the decision tree, a term stored in the threshold registers and the feature registers; wherein the leaf selection logic causes the plurality of term selection register sets to provide, for the branch node, a plurality of outputs that are used to select a plurality of terms respectively from the threshold registers and the feature registers; and wherein the plurality of terms are provided as input to the node decision logic to generate an output to the leaf selection logic. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the decision tree is a binary classification decision tree; and the node decision logic includes a comparator. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein branch nodes in the decision are evaluated one at a time until the leaf node is reached in the decision tree. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
measuring a plurality of sets of signal and noise characteristics, including first sets of signal and noise characteristics, and a second set of signal and noise characteristics measured after measuring the first sets of signal and noise characteristics; calculating a plurality of read voltages optimized based on the plurality of sets of signal and noise characteristics respectively; generating a first compound feature from the first sets of signal and noise characteristics, at least in part in parallel with measuring the second set; and updating the first compound feature according to the second set of signal and noise characteristics after the second set becomes available, wherein at least one feature stored in the feature registers is based on the first compound feature. 17. A memory sub-system, comprising:
a processing device; and at least one memory device, the memory device having:
a group of memory cells formed on an integrated circuit die; and
a calibration circuit configured to measure a plurality of sets of signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells and determine a plurality of optimized read voltages of the group of memory cells from the plurality of sets of signal and noise characteristics respectively;
wherein the memory sub-system includes a data integrity classifier configured to determine a classification of a bit error rate of data retrievable from the group of memory cells, wherein the data integrity classifier includes:
feature registers configured to store features calculated from the plurality of sets of signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells;
threshold registers configured to store pre-defined thresholds;
a selection logic configured to select a plurality of terms from the feature registers and the threshold registers;
a decision logic configured to generate an output from the plurality of terms, the output identifying a selection of a child node in the decision tree by applying the plurality of terms on a branch node; and
a leaf selection logic configured to control selection of terms by the selection logic from the feature registers and the threshold registers, based on the output of the decision logic and data identifying node connectivity in the decision tree;
wherein in response to reaching a leaf node in the decision tree, the leaf selection logic is configured to provide a classification of a bit error rate of data retrievable from the group of memory cell, the classification being pre-associated with the leaf node; and wherein the memory sub-system is configured to control an operation to read the group of memory cells based on the classification. 18. The memory sub-system of claim 17, wherein the data integrity classifier evaluates the decision tree one at a time until reaching the leaf node. 19. The memory sub-system of claim 18, wherein the decision tree is a binary classification decision tree. 20. The memory sub-system of claim 19, wherein the decision logic includes a comparator. | A memory sub-system configured to: measure a plurality of sets of signal and noise characteristics of a group of memory cells in a memory device; determine a plurality of optimized read voltages of the group of memory cells from the plurality of sets of signal and noise characteristics respectively; generate features from the plurality of sets of signal and noise characteristics, including at least one compound feature generated from the plurality of sets of signal and noise characteristics; generate, using the features, a classification of a bit error rate of data retrievable from the group of memory cells; and control an operation to read the group of memory cells based on the classification.1. A memory device, comprising:
a plurality of groups of memory cells formed on an integrated circuit die; a calibration circuit configured to measure signal and noise characteristics of a group of memory cells to generate features as input to a decision tree; and a data integrity classifier configured to determine a classification of a bit error rate of data retrievable from the group of memory cells by applying the features to the decision tree, wherein the data integrity classifier includes:
a set of feature registers configured to store the features;
a comparator;
a selection logic configured to select at least one feature from the feature registers as input to the comparator;
a leaf path register file configured to store data identifying node connectivity in the decision tree; and
a leaf selection logic configured to control the selection logic based on an output of the comparator and the data stored in the leaf path register file, and to provide the classification in response to reaching a leaf node in the decision tree;
wherein the memory device is configured to control an operation to read the group of memory cells based on the classification. 2. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the decision tree is a binary classification decision tree. 3. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the data integrity classifier further includes:
a set of threshold registers configured to store pre-defined thresholds; wherein the selection logic is configured to select a threshold from the set of threshold registers as input to the comparator. 4. The memory device of claim 3, wherein the data integrity classifier further comprises:
a plurality of term selection register sets; wherein the leaf selection logic is configured to use the plurality of term selection register sets to control the selection logic in selecting a plurality of terms respectively; and wherein the comparator is configured to generate the output based on the plurality of terms. 5. The memory device of claim 4, wherein the output of the comparator is based on whether or not a predefined relation is meet by the plurality of terms. 6. The memory device of claim 5, wherein the data integrity classifier is configured to evaluate the decision tree one node at a time. 7. The memory device of claim 6, further comprising:
an integrated circuit package enclosing the memory device. 8. The memory device of claim 5, further comprising:
a feature generator; and wherein the calibration circuit is configured to measure a plurality of sets of signal and noise characteristics and determine a plurality of read voltages optimized based on the plurality of sets of signal and noise characteristics respectively; wherein the calibration circuit is configured to measure a second set of signal and noise characteristics after measuring first sets of signal and noise characteristics; and wherein the feature generator is configured to:
generate a first compound feature from the first sets of signal and noise characteristics, at least in part in parallel with measuring the second set; and
update the first compound feature according to the second set of signal and noise characteristics after the second set becomes available. 9. A method, comprising:
selecting, from feature registers, at least one feature as an input, the at least one feature generated from signal and noise characteristics of a group of memory cells in a memory device; generating an output based at least in part on the at least one feature selected from the feature registers, the output identifying a selected child node in a decision tree; controlling further selecting from the feature registers in evaluating the child node according to data identifying node connectivity in the decision tree; and providing a classification pre-associated with a leaf node in response to an output that selects the leaf node according to the data identifying the node connectivity in the decision tree. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
storing, in the feature registers of a data integrity classifier, features generated from the signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells in the memory device; and storing, in a leaf path register file, the data identifying the node connectivity in the decision tree of the data integrity classifier; wherein the input is provided to a node decision logic that generates outputs in selecting child nodes in the decision tree; wherein the further selecting is controlled by a leaf selection logic according to the data identifying node connectivity in the decision tree; and wherein the classification characterizes a bit error rate of data retrievable from the group of memory cells. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
controlling an operation to read the group of memory cells based on the classification. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the selecting of the at least one feature from the feature registers is under control of the leaf selection logic; and the method further comprises:
storing pre-defined thresholds in a set of threshold registers of the data integrity classifier; and selecting, under control of the leaf selection logic, a threshold from the threshold registers as input to the comparator; wherein the output generated by the node decision logic is a function of the threshold selected from the threshold registers and the at least one feature selected from the feature registers. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
storing in a plurality of term selection register sets, each register in the plurality of term selection register sets identifying, for a branch node in the decision tree, a term stored in the threshold registers and the feature registers; wherein the leaf selection logic causes the plurality of term selection register sets to provide, for the branch node, a plurality of outputs that are used to select a plurality of terms respectively from the threshold registers and the feature registers; and wherein the plurality of terms are provided as input to the node decision logic to generate an output to the leaf selection logic. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the decision tree is a binary classification decision tree; and the node decision logic includes a comparator. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein branch nodes in the decision are evaluated one at a time until the leaf node is reached in the decision tree. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
measuring a plurality of sets of signal and noise characteristics, including first sets of signal and noise characteristics, and a second set of signal and noise characteristics measured after measuring the first sets of signal and noise characteristics; calculating a plurality of read voltages optimized based on the plurality of sets of signal and noise characteristics respectively; generating a first compound feature from the first sets of signal and noise characteristics, at least in part in parallel with measuring the second set; and updating the first compound feature according to the second set of signal and noise characteristics after the second set becomes available, wherein at least one feature stored in the feature registers is based on the first compound feature. 17. A memory sub-system, comprising:
a processing device; and at least one memory device, the memory device having:
a group of memory cells formed on an integrated circuit die; and
a calibration circuit configured to measure a plurality of sets of signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells and determine a plurality of optimized read voltages of the group of memory cells from the plurality of sets of signal and noise characteristics respectively;
wherein the memory sub-system includes a data integrity classifier configured to determine a classification of a bit error rate of data retrievable from the group of memory cells, wherein the data integrity classifier includes:
feature registers configured to store features calculated from the plurality of sets of signal and noise characteristics of the group of memory cells;
threshold registers configured to store pre-defined thresholds;
a selection logic configured to select a plurality of terms from the feature registers and the threshold registers;
a decision logic configured to generate an output from the plurality of terms, the output identifying a selection of a child node in the decision tree by applying the plurality of terms on a branch node; and
a leaf selection logic configured to control selection of terms by the selection logic from the feature registers and the threshold registers, based on the output of the decision logic and data identifying node connectivity in the decision tree;
wherein in response to reaching a leaf node in the decision tree, the leaf selection logic is configured to provide a classification of a bit error rate of data retrievable from the group of memory cell, the classification being pre-associated with the leaf node; and wherein the memory sub-system is configured to control an operation to read the group of memory cells based on the classification. 18. The memory sub-system of claim 17, wherein the data integrity classifier evaluates the decision tree one at a time until reaching the leaf node. 19. The memory sub-system of claim 18, wherein the decision tree is a binary classification decision tree. 20. The memory sub-system of claim 19, wherein the decision logic includes a comparator. | 2,400 |
349,482 | 16,807,073 | 2,446 | Embodiments of the present invention are generally directed towards providing a multipurpose event detection sensor and a communications means for delivering a payload notification. In particular, embodiments of the present invention are configured to provide a system comprising a sensor capable of detecting events, such as vibrations of varying forms and amplitude, generating an alert based on certain parameters of those events and transmitting that alert to a remote system via a communications means. | 1. An event detecting sensor and alert apparatus, comprising:
a power bus; one or more processor, operably connected to the power bus to receive from the power bus electrical power and a sensor data signal; one or more sensor, operably connected to the power bus to receive from the power bus electrical power and send a data signal through the power bus; and, a memory, operably coupled with the one or more processor, the memory encoding data and processor executable program instructions, that when executed by the one or more processor, cause the one or more processor to perform operations comprising:
receive from the power bus a data signal sent by the sensor through the power bus;
detect the occurrence of an event determined as a function of the received data signal; and,
send to a remote processing system an event message payload generated as a function of the detected event. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more sensor further comprises an accelerometer. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more sensor further comprises a capacitive touch sensor. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the data signal sent through the power bus further comprises a message start phase, a message content phase, and a message end phase. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the capacitive touch sensor is operably connected to the power bus to receive electrical power and send the sensor data signal through the power bus, and wherein the data signal sent through the power bus further comprises a signal voltage superimposed with the power bus supply voltage. 6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the operations performed by the one or more processor further comprise determining a valid message has been received through the power bus when the message start phase, the message content phase, and the message end phase have been received without error by the processor. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus further comprises a right angle adapter configured to connect a vehicle diagnostic port to a printed circuit board operably retaining an accelerometer, wherein the printed circuit board includes a connector operably coupled with the right angle adapter, and wherein the printed circuit board is not in physical contact with the diagnostic port. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the apparatus further comprises printed circuit board connector pins formed in a right angle, with the longitudinal dimension of the connector pins joined to the circuit board disposed substantially perpendicular to the plane of the main printed circuit board major surface. 9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the apparatus is installed in a vehicle diagnostic port, wherein the plane of the event detecting sensor and alert system main printed circuit board major surface is disposed substantially perpendicular to a plane tangential to each vehicle wheel at the point on each wheel at which, if the vehicle were resting on the vehicle's wheels on a flat surface, that point on each wheel would contact the flat surface on which the vehicle could rest. 10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the apparatus further comprises the center of the integrated circuit retaining the accelerometer disposed at least one centimeter from the printed circuit board connector pins closest to the right angle adapter. 11. An event detecting sensor and alert apparatus, comprising:
one or more processor; one or more sensor, operably connected to the one or more processor; and, a memory, operably coupled with the one or more processor, the memory encoding data and processor executable program instructions, that when executed by the one or more processor, cause the one or more processor to perform operations comprising:
determine when the vehicle has been parked, based on data from the one or more sensor;
in response to determining the vehicle has been parked, receive new sensor data from the one or more sensor for a predetermined period of time;
update a baseline environmental noise floor model by adding the new baseline sensor data to the model, to determine the new baseline environmental noise floor modeled at the location and time the vehicle was parked;
detect the occurrence of an event determined as a function of live sensor data filtered as a function of the updated baseline environmental noise floor model; and,
send to a remote processing system an event message payload generated as a function of the detected event. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more sensor further comprises an accelerometer. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more sensor further comprises a barometric pressure sensor. 14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the apparatus further comprises a wireless mesh network interface operably connected to the one or more processor to govern communication with each vehicle of a plurality of other vehicles, and the operations performed by the one or more processor further comprise sending the updated baseline environmental noise floor model to another vehicle of the plurality of other vehicles. 15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the apparatus further comprises a wireless mesh network interface operably connected to the one or more processor to govern communication with each vehicle of a plurality of other vehicles, and the operations performed by the one or more processor further comprise: receiving a baseline environmental noise floor model from each vehicle of the plurality of other vehicles; creating a macro environmental noise floor model based on fusing each of the baseline environmental noise floor models received from each vehicle of the plurality of other vehicles; and, providing macro environmental noise floor model access to a decision maker, to generate predictive analytic output based on live sensor data captured by the plurality of vehicles. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the decision maker is selected from the group consisting of geology research organization, and weather research organization. 17. An event detecting sensor and alert apparatus in each vehicle of a plurality of vehicles, the apparatus comprising:
one or more processor; one or more accelerometer, operably connected to the one or more processor; a wireless mesh network interface operably connected to the one or more processor to govern communication with each other vehicle of the plurality of vehicles; and, a memory, operably coupled with the one or more processor, the memory encoding data and processor executable program instructions, that when executed by the one or more processor, cause the one or more processor to perform operations comprising:
receive sensor data from the accelerometer;
detect the occurrence of an event determined as a function of the sensor data; and,
send to another vehicle of the plurality of vehicles an event message payload generated as a function of the detected event. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the wireless mesh network further comprises a multi-accessory sub-gigahertz wireless mesh network. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the operations performed by the one or more processor further comprise:
detect for one vehicle a hard braking event determined as a function of sensor data from the accelerometer located in the hard braking vehicle; in response to detecting the hard braking event by the braking vehicle, send, by the braking vehicle to another vehicle of the plurality of vehicles driving behind the braking vehicle telemetry indicating hard braking by a vehicle ahead; receive, by the another vehicle of the plurality of vehicles driving behind the braking vehicle, the telemetry; and, in response to the telemetry received by the another vehicle of the plurality of vehicles driving behind the braking vehicle, slow down the vehicle driving behind the braking vehicle. 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the apparatus further comprises machine learning and artificial intelligence trained to recognize normal and anomalous traffic patterns determined as functions of historical sensor data characterizing traffic scenario outcomes identified based on mathematical and statistical models, and the operations performed by the one or more processor further comprise:
determining if a traffic pattern determined for at least one vehicle is statistically consistent with normal traffic; and, in response to determining the traffic pattern is not consistent with normal traffic, sending telemetry to other vehicles behind the at least one vehicle, wherein the telemetry indicates the other vehicles should increase following distance. | Embodiments of the present invention are generally directed towards providing a multipurpose event detection sensor and a communications means for delivering a payload notification. In particular, embodiments of the present invention are configured to provide a system comprising a sensor capable of detecting events, such as vibrations of varying forms and amplitude, generating an alert based on certain parameters of those events and transmitting that alert to a remote system via a communications means.1. An event detecting sensor and alert apparatus, comprising:
a power bus; one or more processor, operably connected to the power bus to receive from the power bus electrical power and a sensor data signal; one or more sensor, operably connected to the power bus to receive from the power bus electrical power and send a data signal through the power bus; and, a memory, operably coupled with the one or more processor, the memory encoding data and processor executable program instructions, that when executed by the one or more processor, cause the one or more processor to perform operations comprising:
receive from the power bus a data signal sent by the sensor through the power bus;
detect the occurrence of an event determined as a function of the received data signal; and,
send to a remote processing system an event message payload generated as a function of the detected event. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more sensor further comprises an accelerometer. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more sensor further comprises a capacitive touch sensor. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the data signal sent through the power bus further comprises a message start phase, a message content phase, and a message end phase. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the capacitive touch sensor is operably connected to the power bus to receive electrical power and send the sensor data signal through the power bus, and wherein the data signal sent through the power bus further comprises a signal voltage superimposed with the power bus supply voltage. 6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the operations performed by the one or more processor further comprise determining a valid message has been received through the power bus when the message start phase, the message content phase, and the message end phase have been received without error by the processor. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus further comprises a right angle adapter configured to connect a vehicle diagnostic port to a printed circuit board operably retaining an accelerometer, wherein the printed circuit board includes a connector operably coupled with the right angle adapter, and wherein the printed circuit board is not in physical contact with the diagnostic port. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the apparatus further comprises printed circuit board connector pins formed in a right angle, with the longitudinal dimension of the connector pins joined to the circuit board disposed substantially perpendicular to the plane of the main printed circuit board major surface. 9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the apparatus is installed in a vehicle diagnostic port, wherein the plane of the event detecting sensor and alert system main printed circuit board major surface is disposed substantially perpendicular to a plane tangential to each vehicle wheel at the point on each wheel at which, if the vehicle were resting on the vehicle's wheels on a flat surface, that point on each wheel would contact the flat surface on which the vehicle could rest. 10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the apparatus further comprises the center of the integrated circuit retaining the accelerometer disposed at least one centimeter from the printed circuit board connector pins closest to the right angle adapter. 11. An event detecting sensor and alert apparatus, comprising:
one or more processor; one or more sensor, operably connected to the one or more processor; and, a memory, operably coupled with the one or more processor, the memory encoding data and processor executable program instructions, that when executed by the one or more processor, cause the one or more processor to perform operations comprising:
determine when the vehicle has been parked, based on data from the one or more sensor;
in response to determining the vehicle has been parked, receive new sensor data from the one or more sensor for a predetermined period of time;
update a baseline environmental noise floor model by adding the new baseline sensor data to the model, to determine the new baseline environmental noise floor modeled at the location and time the vehicle was parked;
detect the occurrence of an event determined as a function of live sensor data filtered as a function of the updated baseline environmental noise floor model; and,
send to a remote processing system an event message payload generated as a function of the detected event. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more sensor further comprises an accelerometer. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more sensor further comprises a barometric pressure sensor. 14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the apparatus further comprises a wireless mesh network interface operably connected to the one or more processor to govern communication with each vehicle of a plurality of other vehicles, and the operations performed by the one or more processor further comprise sending the updated baseline environmental noise floor model to another vehicle of the plurality of other vehicles. 15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the apparatus further comprises a wireless mesh network interface operably connected to the one or more processor to govern communication with each vehicle of a plurality of other vehicles, and the operations performed by the one or more processor further comprise: receiving a baseline environmental noise floor model from each vehicle of the plurality of other vehicles; creating a macro environmental noise floor model based on fusing each of the baseline environmental noise floor models received from each vehicle of the plurality of other vehicles; and, providing macro environmental noise floor model access to a decision maker, to generate predictive analytic output based on live sensor data captured by the plurality of vehicles. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the decision maker is selected from the group consisting of geology research organization, and weather research organization. 17. An event detecting sensor and alert apparatus in each vehicle of a plurality of vehicles, the apparatus comprising:
one or more processor; one or more accelerometer, operably connected to the one or more processor; a wireless mesh network interface operably connected to the one or more processor to govern communication with each other vehicle of the plurality of vehicles; and, a memory, operably coupled with the one or more processor, the memory encoding data and processor executable program instructions, that when executed by the one or more processor, cause the one or more processor to perform operations comprising:
receive sensor data from the accelerometer;
detect the occurrence of an event determined as a function of the sensor data; and,
send to another vehicle of the plurality of vehicles an event message payload generated as a function of the detected event. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the wireless mesh network further comprises a multi-accessory sub-gigahertz wireless mesh network. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the operations performed by the one or more processor further comprise:
detect for one vehicle a hard braking event determined as a function of sensor data from the accelerometer located in the hard braking vehicle; in response to detecting the hard braking event by the braking vehicle, send, by the braking vehicle to another vehicle of the plurality of vehicles driving behind the braking vehicle telemetry indicating hard braking by a vehicle ahead; receive, by the another vehicle of the plurality of vehicles driving behind the braking vehicle, the telemetry; and, in response to the telemetry received by the another vehicle of the plurality of vehicles driving behind the braking vehicle, slow down the vehicle driving behind the braking vehicle. 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the apparatus further comprises machine learning and artificial intelligence trained to recognize normal and anomalous traffic patterns determined as functions of historical sensor data characterizing traffic scenario outcomes identified based on mathematical and statistical models, and the operations performed by the one or more processor further comprise:
determining if a traffic pattern determined for at least one vehicle is statistically consistent with normal traffic; and, in response to determining the traffic pattern is not consistent with normal traffic, sending telemetry to other vehicles behind the at least one vehicle, wherein the telemetry indicates the other vehicles should increase following distance. | 2,400 |
349,483 | 16,807,058 | 2,446 | An Internet-based application allows a trainee to record a performance of a scene containing roles A and B with performers for the scene's roles alternately speaking their respective lines. The system displays the lines in a teleprompter style, and based on the experience level of the trainee, may blank out increasing portions of the teleprompter-style lines. If the trainee is assigned role A, the system will present each role A line to be spoken by the trainee with a time progress bar indicating the speed/timing or time remaining for that line. The trainee's performance is recorded by a computer. The teleprompter timer ensures that the trainee's performance is coordinated with a take of role B, even though the trainee's take and the role B take are actually recorded at different times. The takes are played in tandem for evaluating effectiveness of the training. | 1. A method for training a trainee employing juxtaposable and interchangeable takes, the method comprising the steps of:
selecting a training scenario from an internet-connected server, wherein a script is associated with the scenario, wherein the script contains at least two roles, wherein an audio or audiovisual take of each role is associated with the script and wherein a duration of each line of each take of the at least two roles of the script is governed by timing information built into the script, such that:
all takes of a first role of the script are interchangeable, and
all takes of a second role of the script are juxtaposable with all takes of the first role of the script;
assigning the trainee to make a performance and a recording of one of the at least two roles of said selected training scenario using an internet connected computing device; playing the recording in juxtaposition with a take of a role not assigned to the trainee; and evaluating a level of the trainee's training based on the playing in juxtaposition. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the recording is recorded while displaying, in synchrony with the performance, each performed line from the script along with the duration of each line. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one duration of a line is automatically detected. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a portion of at least one line from the script is blanked out. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the trainee records multiple performances and a progressively larger portion of at least one line is blanked out for each successive performance. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the script is a written script wherein at least a portion is prepared by a human trainer. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the script is a written script wherein at least a portion is prepared by voice to text translation. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein one of the takes associated with the script contains audio created by text to voice translation of the script. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the trainee is an artificial intelligence system. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of evaluating is carried out by a human trainer. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of evaluating is carried out by an artificial intelligence system. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the training scenario portrays interactions between a customer and a customer service representative to train the trainee as a customer service representative. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the training scenario portrays conversations between individuals in a foreign language to train the trainee in the foreign language. | An Internet-based application allows a trainee to record a performance of a scene containing roles A and B with performers for the scene's roles alternately speaking their respective lines. The system displays the lines in a teleprompter style, and based on the experience level of the trainee, may blank out increasing portions of the teleprompter-style lines. If the trainee is assigned role A, the system will present each role A line to be spoken by the trainee with a time progress bar indicating the speed/timing or time remaining for that line. The trainee's performance is recorded by a computer. The teleprompter timer ensures that the trainee's performance is coordinated with a take of role B, even though the trainee's take and the role B take are actually recorded at different times. The takes are played in tandem for evaluating effectiveness of the training.1. A method for training a trainee employing juxtaposable and interchangeable takes, the method comprising the steps of:
selecting a training scenario from an internet-connected server, wherein a script is associated with the scenario, wherein the script contains at least two roles, wherein an audio or audiovisual take of each role is associated with the script and wherein a duration of each line of each take of the at least two roles of the script is governed by timing information built into the script, such that:
all takes of a first role of the script are interchangeable, and
all takes of a second role of the script are juxtaposable with all takes of the first role of the script;
assigning the trainee to make a performance and a recording of one of the at least two roles of said selected training scenario using an internet connected computing device; playing the recording in juxtaposition with a take of a role not assigned to the trainee; and evaluating a level of the trainee's training based on the playing in juxtaposition. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the recording is recorded while displaying, in synchrony with the performance, each performed line from the script along with the duration of each line. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one duration of a line is automatically detected. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a portion of at least one line from the script is blanked out. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the trainee records multiple performances and a progressively larger portion of at least one line is blanked out for each successive performance. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the script is a written script wherein at least a portion is prepared by a human trainer. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the script is a written script wherein at least a portion is prepared by voice to text translation. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein one of the takes associated with the script contains audio created by text to voice translation of the script. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the trainee is an artificial intelligence system. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of evaluating is carried out by a human trainer. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of evaluating is carried out by an artificial intelligence system. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the training scenario portrays interactions between a customer and a customer service representative to train the trainee as a customer service representative. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the training scenario portrays conversations between individuals in a foreign language to train the trainee in the foreign language. | 2,400 |
349,484 | 16,807,034 | 2,446 | A semiconductor processing system is provided to form a capacitor dielectric layer in a metal-insulator-metal capacitor. The semiconductor processing system includes a precursor tank configured to generate a precursor gas from a metal organic solid precursor, a processing chamber configured to perform a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, and at least one buffer tank between the precursor tank and the processing chamber. The at least one buffer tank is coupled to the precursor tank via a first pipe and coupled to the processing chamber via a second pipe. | 1. A semiconductor processing system, comprising:
a precursor tank configured to generate a precursor gas from a metal organic solid precursor; a processing chamber configured to perform a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition; and at least one buffer tank between the precursor tank and the processing chamber, the at least one buffer tank coupled to the precursor tank via a first pipe and coupled to the processing chamber via a second pipe. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a carrier gas tank configured to supply a carrier gas to the precursor tank, the carrier gas tank coupled to the precursor tank via a third pipe. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the third pipe extends into an interior of the precursor tank, the third pipe having an angled end portion extending towards a sidewall of the precursor tank. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the angled end portion of the third pipe extends at a right angle towards the sidewall of the precursor tank. 5. The system of claim 1, further comprising a heating device configured to heat the precursor tank. 6. The system of claim 5, further comprising a first temperature control element configured to control a temperature of the first pipe. 7. The system of claim 6, further comprising a second temperature control element configured to control a temperature of the second pipe. 8. The system of claim 7, further comprising a control system configured to control operation of each of the heating device, the first temperature control element, and the second temperature control element. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the first pipe and the second pipe are covered by an insulating material. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one buffer tank includes a plurality of buffer tanks, each of the plurality of buffer tanks having a first end coupled to the precursor tank and a second end coupled to the processing chamber. 11. A metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor, comprising:
a capacitor bottom electrode comprising a first metal; a capacitor dielectric layer over the capacitor bottom electrode, the capacitor dielectric layer comprising:
a first capacitor dielectric layer over the capacitor bottom electrode, the first capacitor dielectric layer comprising an oxide of the first metal; and
a second capacitor dielectric layer over the first capacitor dielectric layer, the second capacitor dielectric layer comprising tantalum oxide having a binding energy from about 24 eV to about 26 eV; and
a capacitor top electrode over the second capacitor dielectric layer, the capacitor top electrode comprising a second metal. 12. The MIM capacitor of claim 11, wherein the capacitor bottom electrode comprises titanium nitride, and the first capacitor dielectric layer comprises titanium oxide. 13. The MIM capacitor of claim 11, wherein the tantalum oxide has a formula of TaxOy, wherein y:x is less than 2.5. 14. The MIM capacitor of claim 11, wherein the MIM capacitor has a capacitance ranging from 5 fF to 10 fF. 15. The MIM capacitor of claim 11, wherein the second metal is the same as the first metal. 16. A method of forming a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor, comprising:
forming a capacitor bottom electrode over a substrate; forming a first capacitor dielectric layer over the capacitor bottom electrode, forming the first capacitor dielectric layer comprising oxidizing a surface portion of the capacitor bottom electrode; and forming a second capacitor dielectric layer over the first capacitor dielectric layer, wherein forming the second capacitor dielectric layer comprises:
providing a solid precursor in a precursor tank;
vaporizing the solid precursor to form a precursor gas in the precursor tank;
flowing a process gas containing the precursor gas and a carrier gas from the precursor tank to at least one buffer tank; and
flowing the process gas from the at least one buffer tank to a processing chamber. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein forming the first capacitor dielectric layer comprises exposing a surface of the capacitor bottom electrode to an oxygen plasma. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the process gas is flowed into the processing chamber after stopping the oxygen plasma. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the process gas is flowed into the processing chamber in-situ with and in addition to the oxygen plasma. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising depositing a capacitor top electrode over the second capacitor dielectric layer. | A semiconductor processing system is provided to form a capacitor dielectric layer in a metal-insulator-metal capacitor. The semiconductor processing system includes a precursor tank configured to generate a precursor gas from a metal organic solid precursor, a processing chamber configured to perform a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, and at least one buffer tank between the precursor tank and the processing chamber. The at least one buffer tank is coupled to the precursor tank via a first pipe and coupled to the processing chamber via a second pipe.1. A semiconductor processing system, comprising:
a precursor tank configured to generate a precursor gas from a metal organic solid precursor; a processing chamber configured to perform a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition; and at least one buffer tank between the precursor tank and the processing chamber, the at least one buffer tank coupled to the precursor tank via a first pipe and coupled to the processing chamber via a second pipe. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a carrier gas tank configured to supply a carrier gas to the precursor tank, the carrier gas tank coupled to the precursor tank via a third pipe. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the third pipe extends into an interior of the precursor tank, the third pipe having an angled end portion extending towards a sidewall of the precursor tank. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the angled end portion of the third pipe extends at a right angle towards the sidewall of the precursor tank. 5. The system of claim 1, further comprising a heating device configured to heat the precursor tank. 6. The system of claim 5, further comprising a first temperature control element configured to control a temperature of the first pipe. 7. The system of claim 6, further comprising a second temperature control element configured to control a temperature of the second pipe. 8. The system of claim 7, further comprising a control system configured to control operation of each of the heating device, the first temperature control element, and the second temperature control element. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the first pipe and the second pipe are covered by an insulating material. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one buffer tank includes a plurality of buffer tanks, each of the plurality of buffer tanks having a first end coupled to the precursor tank and a second end coupled to the processing chamber. 11. A metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor, comprising:
a capacitor bottom electrode comprising a first metal; a capacitor dielectric layer over the capacitor bottom electrode, the capacitor dielectric layer comprising:
a first capacitor dielectric layer over the capacitor bottom electrode, the first capacitor dielectric layer comprising an oxide of the first metal; and
a second capacitor dielectric layer over the first capacitor dielectric layer, the second capacitor dielectric layer comprising tantalum oxide having a binding energy from about 24 eV to about 26 eV; and
a capacitor top electrode over the second capacitor dielectric layer, the capacitor top electrode comprising a second metal. 12. The MIM capacitor of claim 11, wherein the capacitor bottom electrode comprises titanium nitride, and the first capacitor dielectric layer comprises titanium oxide. 13. The MIM capacitor of claim 11, wherein the tantalum oxide has a formula of TaxOy, wherein y:x is less than 2.5. 14. The MIM capacitor of claim 11, wherein the MIM capacitor has a capacitance ranging from 5 fF to 10 fF. 15. The MIM capacitor of claim 11, wherein the second metal is the same as the first metal. 16. A method of forming a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor, comprising:
forming a capacitor bottom electrode over a substrate; forming a first capacitor dielectric layer over the capacitor bottom electrode, forming the first capacitor dielectric layer comprising oxidizing a surface portion of the capacitor bottom electrode; and forming a second capacitor dielectric layer over the first capacitor dielectric layer, wherein forming the second capacitor dielectric layer comprises:
providing a solid precursor in a precursor tank;
vaporizing the solid precursor to form a precursor gas in the precursor tank;
flowing a process gas containing the precursor gas and a carrier gas from the precursor tank to at least one buffer tank; and
flowing the process gas from the at least one buffer tank to a processing chamber. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein forming the first capacitor dielectric layer comprises exposing a surface of the capacitor bottom electrode to an oxygen plasma. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the process gas is flowed into the processing chamber after stopping the oxygen plasma. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the process gas is flowed into the processing chamber in-situ with and in addition to the oxygen plasma. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising depositing a capacitor top electrode over the second capacitor dielectric layer. | 2,400 |
349,485 | 16,807,049 | 2,446 | The present technology relates to techniques of preventing intrusion of moisture into a chip. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. An image sensor, comprising:
a substrate; a plurality of layers stacked on the substrate, the plurality of layers including:
a photodiode layer including a plurality of photodiodes formed therein; and
at least one layer having a groove formed therein such that a portion of the at least one layer is excavated;
an adhesive layer formed above the photodiode layer; and a cover glass above the plurality of photodiodes and on the adhesive layer. 22. The image sensor according to claim 21, wherein the adhesive layer is formed above the groove in a planar view. 23. The image sensor according to claim 21, wherein the plurality of layers further includes an interconnection layer disposed below the photodiode layer. 24. The image sensor according to claim 21, further comprising a passivation film formed in the groove. 25. The image sensor according to claim 21, wherein the groove forms a pad opening portion. 26. The image sensor according to claim 25, further comprising a hydrophobic film formed in the pad opening portion. 27. The image sensor according to claim 25, wherein the passivation film covers an inner wall of the pad opening portion. 28. The image sensor according to claim 25, wherein the passivation film comes into contact with a top surface of an electrode pad formed at the bottom of the pad opening portion. 29. The image sensor according to claim 21, wherein the groove includes a portion of the photodiode layer such that the portion of the photodiode layer is excavated. 30. The image sensor according to claim 21, wherein
the plurality of layers further includes a planarization film formed above the photodiode layer; and the groove is formed such that a portion of the planarization film is excavated. 31. The image sensor according to claim 30, wherein
the plurality of layers further includes a color filter layer formed above the planarization film; and the groove is formed such that a portion of the color filter layer is excavated. 32. The image sensor according to claim 21, wherein the adhesive layer is further formed in the groove. 33. The image sensor according to claim 23, wherein the groove is formed such that a portion of the interconnection layer is excavated. 34. A chip comprising:
a support substrate; a plurality of layers stacked on the support substrate, the plurality of layers including:
an interconnection layer arranged on the support substrate; and
a silicon substrate arranged on the interconnection layer and including a plurality of photodiodes;
a first resin region including resin material and formed above the plurality of layers; and a second resin region including resin material and formed on the side surfaces of the plurality of layers and the support substrate. 35. The chip according to claim 34, wherein the plurality of layers further includes
a planarization film formed on the silicon substrate; a light shielding film formed in the planarization film; and a color filter layer formed on the planarization film. 36. The chip according to claim 35, wherein the plurality of layers further includes a microlens layer disposed above the color filter layer. 37. The chip according to claim 34, further comprising:
a solder resist and a connection terminal formed below the support substrate. 38. The chip according to claim 34, further comprising:
a through silicon via formed in the support substrate. | The present technology relates to techniques of preventing intrusion of moisture into a chip.1-20. (canceled) 21. An image sensor, comprising:
a substrate; a plurality of layers stacked on the substrate, the plurality of layers including:
a photodiode layer including a plurality of photodiodes formed therein; and
at least one layer having a groove formed therein such that a portion of the at least one layer is excavated;
an adhesive layer formed above the photodiode layer; and a cover glass above the plurality of photodiodes and on the adhesive layer. 22. The image sensor according to claim 21, wherein the adhesive layer is formed above the groove in a planar view. 23. The image sensor according to claim 21, wherein the plurality of layers further includes an interconnection layer disposed below the photodiode layer. 24. The image sensor according to claim 21, further comprising a passivation film formed in the groove. 25. The image sensor according to claim 21, wherein the groove forms a pad opening portion. 26. The image sensor according to claim 25, further comprising a hydrophobic film formed in the pad opening portion. 27. The image sensor according to claim 25, wherein the passivation film covers an inner wall of the pad opening portion. 28. The image sensor according to claim 25, wherein the passivation film comes into contact with a top surface of an electrode pad formed at the bottom of the pad opening portion. 29. The image sensor according to claim 21, wherein the groove includes a portion of the photodiode layer such that the portion of the photodiode layer is excavated. 30. The image sensor according to claim 21, wherein
the plurality of layers further includes a planarization film formed above the photodiode layer; and the groove is formed such that a portion of the planarization film is excavated. 31. The image sensor according to claim 30, wherein
the plurality of layers further includes a color filter layer formed above the planarization film; and the groove is formed such that a portion of the color filter layer is excavated. 32. The image sensor according to claim 21, wherein the adhesive layer is further formed in the groove. 33. The image sensor according to claim 23, wherein the groove is formed such that a portion of the interconnection layer is excavated. 34. A chip comprising:
a support substrate; a plurality of layers stacked on the support substrate, the plurality of layers including:
an interconnection layer arranged on the support substrate; and
a silicon substrate arranged on the interconnection layer and including a plurality of photodiodes;
a first resin region including resin material and formed above the plurality of layers; and a second resin region including resin material and formed on the side surfaces of the plurality of layers and the support substrate. 35. The chip according to claim 34, wherein the plurality of layers further includes
a planarization film formed on the silicon substrate; a light shielding film formed in the planarization film; and a color filter layer formed on the planarization film. 36. The chip according to claim 35, wherein the plurality of layers further includes a microlens layer disposed above the color filter layer. 37. The chip according to claim 34, further comprising:
a solder resist and a connection terminal formed below the support substrate. 38. The chip according to claim 34, further comprising:
a through silicon via formed in the support substrate. | 2,400 |
349,486 | 16,807,109 | 2,446 | A resuscitation training device attaches to an air delivery ventilation device to determine if there is a proper mask seal between a live training subject or a training manikin. A pressure sensor attached to the resuscitation training device provides instant feedback to determine if there is a proper seal. The resuscitation training device includes a tubular member having an air metering orifice in fluid communication with the mask and the pressure sensor. | 1. A resuscitation training device, comprising:
a first tubular member having a first end and a second end and a tubular body extending between the first end and the second end; a second tubular member having a first end and a second end, the second end being attached to the tubular body of the first tubular member; a first lumen extending from the first end of the first tubular member to an orifice plate and a second lumen extending through the second tubular member and in fluid communication with the first lumen; a metering orifice on the orifice plate, the metering orifice being in fluid communication with the first lumen and the second lumen; a third lumen extending from the metering orifice to the second end of the first tubular member; and a pressure sensing device attached to the second tubular member. 2. The resuscitation training device of claim 1, wherein the metering orifice has a diameter in the range from 0.039 inch to 0.24 inch (1 mm to 6 mm). 3. The resuscitation training device of claim 2, wherein the first end of the first tubular member comprises an air inlet and the second end of the first tubular member comprises an air outlet. 4. The resuscitation training device of claim 3, wherein the first end of the second tubular member comprises an air outlet. 5. The resuscitation training device of claim 4, wherein the second end of the first tubular member has a diameter that is greater than a diameter of an outlet connection point on an air delivery ventilation device. 6. The resuscitation training device of claim 5, wherein an adapter fitting is attached to the second end of the first tubular member so that the resuscitation training device can be used with different types of air delivery ventilation devices. 7. The resuscitation training device of claim 6, wherein the air delivery ventilation device includes any of a bag valve mask (BVM), a pocket mask, a face shield, an endotracheal tube, a resuscitator, and a ventilator. 8. The resuscitation training device of claim 7, wherein the air inlet on the first end of the first tubular member is attached to any of the BVM, pocket mask, face shield, endotracheal tube, resuscitator, and ventilator. 9. The resuscitation training device of claim 8, wherein the air outlet on the first end of the second tubular member is attached to the pressure sensing device. 10. The resuscitation training device of claim 9, wherein the pressure sensing device provides manual, analog, or digital feedback. 11. A resuscitation training assembly, comprising:
an air delivery ventilation device; a first tubular member having a first end and a second end and a tubular body extending between the first end and the second end; a second tubular member having a first end and a second end, the second end being attached to the tubular body of the first tubular member; a first lumen extending from the first end of the first tubular member to an orifice plate and a second lumen extending through the second tubular member and in fluid communication with the first lumen; a metering orifice on the orifice plate, the metering orifice being in fluid communication with the first lumen and the second lumen; a third lumen extending from the metering orifice to the second end of the first tubular member; a pressure sensing device attached to the second tubular member; and wherein the first tubular member is attached to the air delivery ventilation device so that when a person uses the air delivery ventilation device to deliver air through the device, the pressure sensing device provides feedback to the person to determine if there is a proper seal between the air delivery ventilation device and a human patient or training manikin. 12. The resuscitation training device of claim 11, wherein the metering orifice has a diameter in the range from 0.039 inch to 0.24 inch (1 mm to 6 mm). 13. The resuscitation training assembly of claim 12, wherein the first end of first tubular member comprises an air inlet and the second end of the first tubular member comprises an air outlet. 14. The resuscitation training assembly of claim 13, wherein the first end of the second tubular member comprises an air outlet. 15. The resuscitation training assembly of claim 14, wherein the second end of the first tubular member has a diameter that is greater than a diameter of an outlet connection point on an air delivery ventilation device. 16. The resuscitation training assembly of claim 15, wherein an adapter fitting is attached to the second end of the first tubular member so that the resuscitation training device can be used with different types of air delivery ventilation devices. 17. The resuscitation training assembly of claim 16, wherein the air delivery ventilation device includes any of a bag valve mask (BVM), a pocket mask, a face shield, an endotracheal tube, a resuscitator, and a ventilator. 18. The resuscitation training assembly of claim 17, wherein the air inlet on the first end of the first tubular member is attached to any of the BVM, pocket mask, face shield, endotracheal tube, resuscitator, and ventilator. 19. The resuscitation training assembly of claim 18, wherein the air outlet on the first end of the second tubular member is attached to the pressure sensing device. 20. The resuscitation training assembly of claim 19, wherein the pressure sensing device provides manual, analog, or digital feedback. 21. The resuscitation training assembly of claim 11, wherein the pressure sensing device is an expandable elastic member. 22. The resuscitation training assembly of claim 21, wherein the expandable elastic member is a balloon. | A resuscitation training device attaches to an air delivery ventilation device to determine if there is a proper mask seal between a live training subject or a training manikin. A pressure sensor attached to the resuscitation training device provides instant feedback to determine if there is a proper seal. The resuscitation training device includes a tubular member having an air metering orifice in fluid communication with the mask and the pressure sensor.1. A resuscitation training device, comprising:
a first tubular member having a first end and a second end and a tubular body extending between the first end and the second end; a second tubular member having a first end and a second end, the second end being attached to the tubular body of the first tubular member; a first lumen extending from the first end of the first tubular member to an orifice plate and a second lumen extending through the second tubular member and in fluid communication with the first lumen; a metering orifice on the orifice plate, the metering orifice being in fluid communication with the first lumen and the second lumen; a third lumen extending from the metering orifice to the second end of the first tubular member; and a pressure sensing device attached to the second tubular member. 2. The resuscitation training device of claim 1, wherein the metering orifice has a diameter in the range from 0.039 inch to 0.24 inch (1 mm to 6 mm). 3. The resuscitation training device of claim 2, wherein the first end of the first tubular member comprises an air inlet and the second end of the first tubular member comprises an air outlet. 4. The resuscitation training device of claim 3, wherein the first end of the second tubular member comprises an air outlet. 5. The resuscitation training device of claim 4, wherein the second end of the first tubular member has a diameter that is greater than a diameter of an outlet connection point on an air delivery ventilation device. 6. The resuscitation training device of claim 5, wherein an adapter fitting is attached to the second end of the first tubular member so that the resuscitation training device can be used with different types of air delivery ventilation devices. 7. The resuscitation training device of claim 6, wherein the air delivery ventilation device includes any of a bag valve mask (BVM), a pocket mask, a face shield, an endotracheal tube, a resuscitator, and a ventilator. 8. The resuscitation training device of claim 7, wherein the air inlet on the first end of the first tubular member is attached to any of the BVM, pocket mask, face shield, endotracheal tube, resuscitator, and ventilator. 9. The resuscitation training device of claim 8, wherein the air outlet on the first end of the second tubular member is attached to the pressure sensing device. 10. The resuscitation training device of claim 9, wherein the pressure sensing device provides manual, analog, or digital feedback. 11. A resuscitation training assembly, comprising:
an air delivery ventilation device; a first tubular member having a first end and a second end and a tubular body extending between the first end and the second end; a second tubular member having a first end and a second end, the second end being attached to the tubular body of the first tubular member; a first lumen extending from the first end of the first tubular member to an orifice plate and a second lumen extending through the second tubular member and in fluid communication with the first lumen; a metering orifice on the orifice plate, the metering orifice being in fluid communication with the first lumen and the second lumen; a third lumen extending from the metering orifice to the second end of the first tubular member; a pressure sensing device attached to the second tubular member; and wherein the first tubular member is attached to the air delivery ventilation device so that when a person uses the air delivery ventilation device to deliver air through the device, the pressure sensing device provides feedback to the person to determine if there is a proper seal between the air delivery ventilation device and a human patient or training manikin. 12. The resuscitation training device of claim 11, wherein the metering orifice has a diameter in the range from 0.039 inch to 0.24 inch (1 mm to 6 mm). 13. The resuscitation training assembly of claim 12, wherein the first end of first tubular member comprises an air inlet and the second end of the first tubular member comprises an air outlet. 14. The resuscitation training assembly of claim 13, wherein the first end of the second tubular member comprises an air outlet. 15. The resuscitation training assembly of claim 14, wherein the second end of the first tubular member has a diameter that is greater than a diameter of an outlet connection point on an air delivery ventilation device. 16. The resuscitation training assembly of claim 15, wherein an adapter fitting is attached to the second end of the first tubular member so that the resuscitation training device can be used with different types of air delivery ventilation devices. 17. The resuscitation training assembly of claim 16, wherein the air delivery ventilation device includes any of a bag valve mask (BVM), a pocket mask, a face shield, an endotracheal tube, a resuscitator, and a ventilator. 18. The resuscitation training assembly of claim 17, wherein the air inlet on the first end of the first tubular member is attached to any of the BVM, pocket mask, face shield, endotracheal tube, resuscitator, and ventilator. 19. The resuscitation training assembly of claim 18, wherein the air outlet on the first end of the second tubular member is attached to the pressure sensing device. 20. The resuscitation training assembly of claim 19, wherein the pressure sensing device provides manual, analog, or digital feedback. 21. The resuscitation training assembly of claim 11, wherein the pressure sensing device is an expandable elastic member. 22. The resuscitation training assembly of claim 21, wherein the expandable elastic member is a balloon. | 2,400 |
349,487 | 16,807,079 | 2,446 | Methods, systems, and computer-readable media for on-demand resource provisioning for service instances. An on-demand service broker provisions IaaS resources at service instance creating time. The service broker provides a catalog listing one or more service plans, each service plan corresponds to a set of available resources. A user device selects a respective service plan that matches specific needs of an application that consumes the resources. The service broker generates a deployment manifest based on the selected service plan. The service broker then submits the deployment manifest to a deployment system. The deployment system provisions the resources to the service instance according to the manifest generated by the service broker. | 1. A method, comprising:
providing, by an on-demand service broker to a cloud computing platform, a catalog listing one or more service plans, each service plan corresponding to a respective set of resources; receiving, by the on-demand service broker from the cloud computing platform, a request to create a service instance, the request specifying a service plan selected from the catalog; generating a deployment manifest based on the selected plan, including specifying parameters of the set of resources of the selected plan in the deployment manifest; creating the service instance based on the deployment manifest, including providing the deployment manifest by the on-demand service broker to a deployment system and receiving a reference to the service instance by the on-demand service broker from the deployment system; and providing the reference to the service instance to the cloud computing platform as a response to the request. | Methods, systems, and computer-readable media for on-demand resource provisioning for service instances. An on-demand service broker provisions IaaS resources at service instance creating time. The service broker provides a catalog listing one or more service plans, each service plan corresponds to a set of available resources. A user device selects a respective service plan that matches specific needs of an application that consumes the resources. The service broker generates a deployment manifest based on the selected service plan. The service broker then submits the deployment manifest to a deployment system. The deployment system provisions the resources to the service instance according to the manifest generated by the service broker.1. A method, comprising:
providing, by an on-demand service broker to a cloud computing platform, a catalog listing one or more service plans, each service plan corresponding to a respective set of resources; receiving, by the on-demand service broker from the cloud computing platform, a request to create a service instance, the request specifying a service plan selected from the catalog; generating a deployment manifest based on the selected plan, including specifying parameters of the set of resources of the selected plan in the deployment manifest; creating the service instance based on the deployment manifest, including providing the deployment manifest by the on-demand service broker to a deployment system and receiving a reference to the service instance by the on-demand service broker from the deployment system; and providing the reference to the service instance to the cloud computing platform as a response to the request. | 2,400 |
349,488 | 16,807,099 | 2,446 | A power factor improvement circuit that performs, on the basis of an output voltage when a switching power-supply apparatus is in a light-load state or a no-load state, a burst operation for switching between states of the switching operation of a switching element includes: a first circuit that outputs a first voltage that corresponds to the error between a reference voltage and a voltage obtained by dividing the output voltage; and a clamp circuit that, while the burst operation is performed, clamps the lower limit of the first voltage, which decreases when the switching operation of the switching element is disabled, at a lower-limit voltage higher than the ground voltage of the power factor improvement circuit and clamps the upper limit of the first voltage, which increases when the switching operation of the switching element is performed, at an upper-limit voltage. | 1. A power factor improvement circuit that performs, on the basis of an output voltage when a switching power-supply apparatus is in a light-load state or a no-load state, a burst operation for switching between a stopped state in which a switching operation of a switching element is disabled and an operating state in which the switching operation of the switching element is enabled, the power factor improvement circuit comprising:
a first circuit that outputs a first voltage that corresponds to an error between a reference voltage and a voltage obtained by dividing the output voltage; a second circuit that outputs a second voltage that starts to rise from a predetermined initial value in synchrony with the switching element being turned on; a third circuit that turns off the switching element when the second voltage has reached the first voltage; and a clamp circuit that, while the burst operation is performed, clamps a lower limit of the first voltage, which decreases when the switching operation of the switching element in the stopped state is disabled, at a lower-limit voltage higher than a ground voltage of the power factor improvement circuit and clamps an upper limit of the first voltage, which increases when the switching operation of the switching element in the operating state is performed, at an upper-limit voltage. 2. The power factor improvement circuit according to claim 1, wherein
the clamp circuit includes
a first amplifier that clamps the first voltage at the upper-limit voltage during the operating state in the burst operation, and
a second amplifier that clamps the first voltage at the lower-limit voltage during the stopped state in the burst operation. 3. The power factor improvement circuit according to claim 2, wherein
the clamp circuit further includes a voltage source that supplies the upper-limit voltage to be input to the first amplifier, and the voltage source is a variable voltage source capable of varying the upper-limit voltage in accordance with an input voltage of the switching power-supply apparatus. 4. The power factor improvement circuit according to claim 1, wherein
the clamp circuit includes
an amplifier that clamps the first voltage at the upper-limit voltage during the operating state in the burst operation, and
a circuit that decreases the first voltage on the basis of a result of comparison between the first voltage and the lower-limit voltage during the stopped state in the burst operation. 5. The power factor improvement circuit according to claim 4, wherein
the circuit that decreases the first voltage includes a hysteresis comparator that compares the first voltage with the lower-limit voltage, the lower-limit voltage comprising a first lower-limit voltage and a second lower-limit voltage, and the clamp circuit varies the first voltage between the first lower-limit voltage and the second lower-limit voltage during the stopped state in the burst operation. 6. The power factor improvement circuit according to claim 4, wherein
the clamp circuit further includes a voltage source that supplies the upper-limit voltage to be input to the first amplifier, and the voltage source is a variable voltage source capable of varying the upper-limit voltage in accordance with an input voltage of the switching power-supply apparatus. 7. The power factor improvement circuit according to claim 6, wherein
the clamp circuit further includes a first decrease circuit that decreases the first voltage when a division of the input voltage is equal to or less than a threshold and a second decrease circuit that decreases the first voltage when the voltage obtained by dividing the output voltage is greater than the threshold. 8. A semiconductor apparatus that controls, on the basis of an output voltage when a switching power-supply apparatus is in a light-load state or a no-load state, a burst operation for switching between a stopped state in which a switching operation of a switching element is disabled and an operating state in which the switching operation of the switching element is enabled, the semiconductor apparatus comprising:
a first circuit that outputs a first voltage that corresponds to an error between a reference voltage and a voltage obtained by dividing the output voltage; a second circuit that outputs a second voltage that starts to rise from a predetermined initial value in synchrony with the switching element being turned on; a third circuit that outputs a signal for turning off the switching element when the second voltage has reached the first voltage; and a clamp circuit that, while the burst operation is performed, clamps a lower limit of the first voltage, which decreases when the switching operation of the switching element in the stopped state is disabled, at a lower-limit voltage higher than a ground voltage of a power factor improvement circuit including the semiconductor apparatus and clamps an upper limit of the first voltage, which increases when the switching operation of the switching element in the operating state is performed, at an upper-limit voltage. | A power factor improvement circuit that performs, on the basis of an output voltage when a switching power-supply apparatus is in a light-load state or a no-load state, a burst operation for switching between states of the switching operation of a switching element includes: a first circuit that outputs a first voltage that corresponds to the error between a reference voltage and a voltage obtained by dividing the output voltage; and a clamp circuit that, while the burst operation is performed, clamps the lower limit of the first voltage, which decreases when the switching operation of the switching element is disabled, at a lower-limit voltage higher than the ground voltage of the power factor improvement circuit and clamps the upper limit of the first voltage, which increases when the switching operation of the switching element is performed, at an upper-limit voltage.1. A power factor improvement circuit that performs, on the basis of an output voltage when a switching power-supply apparatus is in a light-load state or a no-load state, a burst operation for switching between a stopped state in which a switching operation of a switching element is disabled and an operating state in which the switching operation of the switching element is enabled, the power factor improvement circuit comprising:
a first circuit that outputs a first voltage that corresponds to an error between a reference voltage and a voltage obtained by dividing the output voltage; a second circuit that outputs a second voltage that starts to rise from a predetermined initial value in synchrony with the switching element being turned on; a third circuit that turns off the switching element when the second voltage has reached the first voltage; and a clamp circuit that, while the burst operation is performed, clamps a lower limit of the first voltage, which decreases when the switching operation of the switching element in the stopped state is disabled, at a lower-limit voltage higher than a ground voltage of the power factor improvement circuit and clamps an upper limit of the first voltage, which increases when the switching operation of the switching element in the operating state is performed, at an upper-limit voltage. 2. The power factor improvement circuit according to claim 1, wherein
the clamp circuit includes
a first amplifier that clamps the first voltage at the upper-limit voltage during the operating state in the burst operation, and
a second amplifier that clamps the first voltage at the lower-limit voltage during the stopped state in the burst operation. 3. The power factor improvement circuit according to claim 2, wherein
the clamp circuit further includes a voltage source that supplies the upper-limit voltage to be input to the first amplifier, and the voltage source is a variable voltage source capable of varying the upper-limit voltage in accordance with an input voltage of the switching power-supply apparatus. 4. The power factor improvement circuit according to claim 1, wherein
the clamp circuit includes
an amplifier that clamps the first voltage at the upper-limit voltage during the operating state in the burst operation, and
a circuit that decreases the first voltage on the basis of a result of comparison between the first voltage and the lower-limit voltage during the stopped state in the burst operation. 5. The power factor improvement circuit according to claim 4, wherein
the circuit that decreases the first voltage includes a hysteresis comparator that compares the first voltage with the lower-limit voltage, the lower-limit voltage comprising a first lower-limit voltage and a second lower-limit voltage, and the clamp circuit varies the first voltage between the first lower-limit voltage and the second lower-limit voltage during the stopped state in the burst operation. 6. The power factor improvement circuit according to claim 4, wherein
the clamp circuit further includes a voltage source that supplies the upper-limit voltage to be input to the first amplifier, and the voltage source is a variable voltage source capable of varying the upper-limit voltage in accordance with an input voltage of the switching power-supply apparatus. 7. The power factor improvement circuit according to claim 6, wherein
the clamp circuit further includes a first decrease circuit that decreases the first voltage when a division of the input voltage is equal to or less than a threshold and a second decrease circuit that decreases the first voltage when the voltage obtained by dividing the output voltage is greater than the threshold. 8. A semiconductor apparatus that controls, on the basis of an output voltage when a switching power-supply apparatus is in a light-load state or a no-load state, a burst operation for switching between a stopped state in which a switching operation of a switching element is disabled and an operating state in which the switching operation of the switching element is enabled, the semiconductor apparatus comprising:
a first circuit that outputs a first voltage that corresponds to an error between a reference voltage and a voltage obtained by dividing the output voltage; a second circuit that outputs a second voltage that starts to rise from a predetermined initial value in synchrony with the switching element being turned on; a third circuit that outputs a signal for turning off the switching element when the second voltage has reached the first voltage; and a clamp circuit that, while the burst operation is performed, clamps a lower limit of the first voltage, which decreases when the switching operation of the switching element in the stopped state is disabled, at a lower-limit voltage higher than a ground voltage of a power factor improvement circuit including the semiconductor apparatus and clamps an upper limit of the first voltage, which increases when the switching operation of the switching element in the operating state is performed, at an upper-limit voltage. | 2,400 |
349,489 | 16,807,081 | 2,446 | A system can include one or more processors configured to access at least one parameter of a material, generate a plurality of structures of the material using the at least one parameter, determine a state of each structure of the plurality of structures using the at least one parameter, determine a difference between the state of each structure of the plurality of structures and a ground state value, evaluate a convergence condition responsive to determining the difference between the state of each structure of the plurality of structures and the ground state value, and output at least one structure of the plurality of structures responsive to the convergence condition being satisfied. | 1. A method for generating phases for metastable states of materials, comprising:
accessing, by one or more processors, at least one parameter of a material; generating, by the one or more processors, a plurality of structures of the material using the at least one parameter; determining, by the one or more processors, a state of each structure of the plurality of structures using the at least one parameter; determining, by the one or more processors, a difference between the state of each structure of the plurality of structures and a ground state value; evaluating, by the one or more processors, a convergence condition responsive to determining the difference between the state of each structure of the plurality of structures and the ground state value; and outputting, by the one or more processors, at least one structure of the plurality of structures responsive to the convergence condition being satisfied. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein outputting the at least one structure comprises generating, by the one or more processors, a phase diagram data structure representing the at least one structure. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising applying, by the one or more processors, a classifier to the phase diagram data structure to determine one or more boundaries between phases of the phase diagram data structure. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one parameter comprises at least one of a temperature, a pressure, or a composition of the material. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the state of each structure comprises an enthalpy of the structure, and determining the state of each structure comprises providing, by the one or more processors, the structure of the material and the at least one parameter of the material as input to a density functional theory model. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein modifying the plurality of structures comprises applying, by the one or more processors, a genetic function to the plurality of structures. 7. The method of claim 1, comprising modifying, by the one or more processors, one or more first structures of the plurality of structures of the material responsive to the convergence condition not being satisfied. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising wherein modifying the one or more first structures comprises applying, by the one or more processors, a genetic operation to the one or more first structures. 9. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
assigning, by the one or more processors, a selection score to each of the one or more first structures based on a respective state of the one or more first structures; and modifying, by the one or more processors, each of the one or more first structures based on the selection score assigned to the corresponding first structure. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein a threshold of the convergence condition based on which the difference between the state of each structure of the plurality of structures and the ground state value is greater than 10 meV/atom and less than 1 eV/atom. 11. A system, comprising:
one or more processors configured to: access at least one parameter of a material; generate a plurality of structures of the material using the at least one parameter; determine a state of each structure of the plurality of structures using the at least one parameter; determine a difference between the state of each structure of the plurality of structures and a ground state value; evaluate a convergence condition responsive to determining the difference between the state of each structure of the plurality of structures and the ground state value; and output at least one structure of the plurality of structures responsive to the convergence condition being satisfied. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors the one or more processors are configured to output a phase diagram data structure representing the at least one structure. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the one or more processors are configured to apply a classifier to the phase diagram data structure to determine one or more boundaries between phases of the phase diagram data structure. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one parameter comprises at least one of a temperature, a pressure, or a composition of the material. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the state of each structure comprises an enthalpy of the structure, and the one or more processors are configured to determine the state of each structure by providing the structure and the at least one parameter as input to a density functional theory model. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are configured to modify the plurality of structures by applying a genetic function to the plurality of structures. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are configured to modify one or more first structures of the plurality of structures of the material responsive to the convergence condition not being satisfied. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors are configured to modify the one or more first structures by applying a genetic operation to the one or more first structures. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
assign a selection score to each of the one or more first structures based on a respective state of the one or more first structures; and modify each of the one or more first structures based on the selection score assigned to the corresponding first structure. 20. A method, comprising:
generating, by one or more processors, a plurality of candidate structures of a material; determining, by the one or more processors, an enthalpy of each candidate structure of the plurality of candidate structures; comparing, by the one or more processors, the enthalpy of each candidate structure to an energy threshold; selecting, by the one or more processors, a subset of the plurality of candidate structures, each candidate structure of the subset having an enthalpy less than the energy threshold; determining, by the one or more processors, a free energy of each candidate structure of the subset of the plurality of candidate structures for a plurality of temperature-pressure value pairs; determining, by the one or more processors, at least one boundary between phases represented by the subset of the plurality of candidate structures; and generating, by the one or more processors, a phase diagram data structure using the free energy of each candidate structure of the plurality of candidate structures and the at least one boundary. | A system can include one or more processors configured to access at least one parameter of a material, generate a plurality of structures of the material using the at least one parameter, determine a state of each structure of the plurality of structures using the at least one parameter, determine a difference between the state of each structure of the plurality of structures and a ground state value, evaluate a convergence condition responsive to determining the difference between the state of each structure of the plurality of structures and the ground state value, and output at least one structure of the plurality of structures responsive to the convergence condition being satisfied.1. A method for generating phases for metastable states of materials, comprising:
accessing, by one or more processors, at least one parameter of a material; generating, by the one or more processors, a plurality of structures of the material using the at least one parameter; determining, by the one or more processors, a state of each structure of the plurality of structures using the at least one parameter; determining, by the one or more processors, a difference between the state of each structure of the plurality of structures and a ground state value; evaluating, by the one or more processors, a convergence condition responsive to determining the difference between the state of each structure of the plurality of structures and the ground state value; and outputting, by the one or more processors, at least one structure of the plurality of structures responsive to the convergence condition being satisfied. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein outputting the at least one structure comprises generating, by the one or more processors, a phase diagram data structure representing the at least one structure. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising applying, by the one or more processors, a classifier to the phase diagram data structure to determine one or more boundaries between phases of the phase diagram data structure. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one parameter comprises at least one of a temperature, a pressure, or a composition of the material. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the state of each structure comprises an enthalpy of the structure, and determining the state of each structure comprises providing, by the one or more processors, the structure of the material and the at least one parameter of the material as input to a density functional theory model. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein modifying the plurality of structures comprises applying, by the one or more processors, a genetic function to the plurality of structures. 7. The method of claim 1, comprising modifying, by the one or more processors, one or more first structures of the plurality of structures of the material responsive to the convergence condition not being satisfied. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising wherein modifying the one or more first structures comprises applying, by the one or more processors, a genetic operation to the one or more first structures. 9. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
assigning, by the one or more processors, a selection score to each of the one or more first structures based on a respective state of the one or more first structures; and modifying, by the one or more processors, each of the one or more first structures based on the selection score assigned to the corresponding first structure. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein a threshold of the convergence condition based on which the difference between the state of each structure of the plurality of structures and the ground state value is greater than 10 meV/atom and less than 1 eV/atom. 11. A system, comprising:
one or more processors configured to: access at least one parameter of a material; generate a plurality of structures of the material using the at least one parameter; determine a state of each structure of the plurality of structures using the at least one parameter; determine a difference between the state of each structure of the plurality of structures and a ground state value; evaluate a convergence condition responsive to determining the difference between the state of each structure of the plurality of structures and the ground state value; and output at least one structure of the plurality of structures responsive to the convergence condition being satisfied. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors the one or more processors are configured to output a phase diagram data structure representing the at least one structure. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the one or more processors are configured to apply a classifier to the phase diagram data structure to determine one or more boundaries between phases of the phase diagram data structure. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one parameter comprises at least one of a temperature, a pressure, or a composition of the material. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the state of each structure comprises an enthalpy of the structure, and the one or more processors are configured to determine the state of each structure by providing the structure and the at least one parameter as input to a density functional theory model. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are configured to modify the plurality of structures by applying a genetic function to the plurality of structures. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are configured to modify one or more first structures of the plurality of structures of the material responsive to the convergence condition not being satisfied. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors are configured to modify the one or more first structures by applying a genetic operation to the one or more first structures. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
assign a selection score to each of the one or more first structures based on a respective state of the one or more first structures; and modify each of the one or more first structures based on the selection score assigned to the corresponding first structure. 20. A method, comprising:
generating, by one or more processors, a plurality of candidate structures of a material; determining, by the one or more processors, an enthalpy of each candidate structure of the plurality of candidate structures; comparing, by the one or more processors, the enthalpy of each candidate structure to an energy threshold; selecting, by the one or more processors, a subset of the plurality of candidate structures, each candidate structure of the subset having an enthalpy less than the energy threshold; determining, by the one or more processors, a free energy of each candidate structure of the subset of the plurality of candidate structures for a plurality of temperature-pressure value pairs; determining, by the one or more processors, at least one boundary between phases represented by the subset of the plurality of candidate structures; and generating, by the one or more processors, a phase diagram data structure using the free energy of each candidate structure of the plurality of candidate structures and the at least one boundary. | 2,400 |
349,490 | 16,807,094 | 2,446 | A memory system includes a first nonvolatile memory, a first bridge circuit connected to the memory, a second nonvolatile memory, a second bridge circuit connected to the second memory and connected to the first circuit, and a controller connected to the first circuit and configured to output, to the first circuit, first data to be stored in the first memory and second data to be stored in the second memory, the first and second data being mapped to multiplexing symbols. The first bridge circuit is configured to, upon receipt of the multiplexing symbols, extract the first data from the symbols, store the first data in the first memory, generate third data based on the second data to insert the generated third data into the multiplexing symbols where the first data was mapped, and output to the second circuit the multiplexing symbols into which the third data has been inserted. | 1. A memory system comprising:
a first nonvolatile memory; a first bridge circuit connected to the first nonvolatile memory; a second nonvolatile memory; a second bridge circuit connected to the second nonvolatile memory and connected to the first bridge circuit; and a controller connected to the first bridge circuit and configured to output, to the first bridge circuit, first data to be stored in the first nonvolatile memory and second data to be stored in the second nonvolatile memory, the first and second data being mapped to one or more multiplexing symbols, wherein the first bridge circuit is configured to
upon receipt of the multiplexing symbols, extract the first data from the multiplexing symbols,
store the first data in the first nonvolatile memory,
generate third data based on the second data to insert the generated third data into the multiplexing symbols where the first data was mapped, and
output to the second bridge circuit the multiplexing symbols into which the third data has been inserted. 2. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the controller comprises a multiplexer configured to
upon receipt of data from a host, encode MSB bits and LSB bits based on the received data such that a DC balance of the encoded MSB and the LSB bits is maintained, and
map the encoded MSB and LSB bits to the multiplexing symbols using linear mapping. 3. The memory system according to claim 2, wherein
each of the multiplexing symbols includes PAM4 symbols. 4. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
each of the multiplexing symbol includes a pair of symbols corresponding to a pair of an MSB bit and an LSB bit, and the first bridge circuit is configured to, when one of the MSB bit and the LSB bit is extracted from the multiplexing symbols, generate, as the third data, either the other of the MSB bit and the LSB bit or an inverted bit of said one of the MSB bit and the LSB bit. 5. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the controller is configured to output header data including a synchronization code mapped to one or more multiplexing symbols. 6. The memory system according to claim 5, wherein
The synchronization code is mapped to 2 symbols of the multiplexing symbols. 7. The memory system according to claim 5, wherein
the synchronization code is mapped to 3 symbols of the multiplexing symbols. 8. The memory system according to claim 5, wherein
each bit of data included in a first symbol and a second symbol of the multiplexing symbols of the header is encoded independently of each other. 9. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the multiplexing symbols include a first multiplexing symbol to which the first data is mapped and a second multiplexing symbol to which the second data is mapped, the controller is configured to output first header data corresponding to the first data and second header data corresponding to the second data,
the first and second header data mapped to a third and a fourth multiplexing symbol, respectively, and
the second header data includes a synchronization code including two PAM4 symbols that cause a zero crossing transition when modulated into a signal in PAM communication. 10. The memory system according to claim 9, wherein
the third data generated by the first bridge circuit is a synchronization code including two PAM4 symbols that cause a zero crossing transition when modulated into a signal in PAM communication. 11. The memory system according to claim 9, wherein
the third data is determined according to values of preceding or subsequent symbols to the symbol that were extracted by the first bridge circuit. 12. The memory system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a third nonvolatile memory; a third bridge circuit connected to the third nonvolatile memory and connected to the second bridge circuit; a fourth nonvolatile memory; and a fourth bridge circuit connected to the fourth nonvolatile memory and connected to the third bridge circuit, wherein the controller is configured to output the first data, the second data, fourth data to be stored in the third nonvolatile memory, and fifth data to be stored in the fourth nonvolatile memory,
the first, second, fourth, and fifth data mapped to a first, a second, a third, and a fourth multiplexing symbol, respectively,
the fourth, second, third, and first multiplexing symbols being arranged in this order, and
after the controller outputs the multiplexing symbols, the first, second, third, and fourth bridge circuits extract the first, second, fourth, and fifth data, respectively. 13. The memory system according to claim 12, wherein
the controller is configured to generate first, second, third, and fourth header data corresponding to the first, second, fourth, and fifth data, respectively,
the first, second, third, and fourth header data being mapped to a fifth, a sixth, a seventh, and an eighth multiplexing symbol, respectively,
the eighth, sixth, seventh, and fifth multiplexing symbols being arranged in this order, and
the fourth header data includes a DC control bit for controlling a DC balance of the fifth data, and the first, second, and third header data each include three DC control bits for controlling a DC balance of the first, second, and fourth data. 14. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the first and second data are multiplexed in at least a time direction, the multiplexing symbols include
a first multiplexing symbol including four symbols for storing a first portion of the first data by two adjacent symbols in the time direction and a first portion of the second data by the other two adjacent symbols in the time direction, and
a second multiplexing symbol including four symbols for storing a second portion of the first data by two adjacent symbols in the time direction and a second portion of the second data by the other two adjacent symbols in the time direction, and
the controller is configured to output first header data corresponding to the first data and second header data corresponding to the second data,
the first and second header data being mapped to a plurality of multiplexing symbols including
a third multiplexing symbol including four symbols and to which a first portion of the first header data is mapped using two adjacent symbols in the time direction and a first portion of the second header data is mapped using two adjacent symbols in the time direction, and
a fourth multiplexing symbol including four symbols and to which a second portion of the first header data is mapped using two adjacent symbols in the time direction and a second portion of the second header data is mapped using two adjacent symbols in the time direction, and
the first portion of the first header data includes a synchronization code represented by 01 or 10. 15. The memory system according to claim 14, wherein
the first bridge circuit is configured to
upon receipt of the multiplexing symbols from the controller, extract the first and second portions of the first data from the first and second multiplexing symbols,
store the first and second portions of the first data in the first nonvolatile memory,
insert the first and second portions of the second data or inverted first and second portions of the second data into the first and second multiplexing symbols where the first and second portions of the first data were stored, and
output to the second bridge circuit the multiplexing symbols into which the first and second portions of the first data or inverted first and second portions of the second data have been inserted data. 16. The memory system according to claim 15, wherein
the inserted first and second portions of the second data are represented by 01 or 10. 17. The memory system according to claim 14, wherein
the first bridge circuit is configured to
upon receipt of the multiplexing symbols from the controller, extract the first and second portions of the first data from the first and second multiplexing symbols,
store the first and second portions of the first data in the first nonvolatile memory,
generate fourth data based on data adjacent to the extracted first and second portions of the first data,
insert the fourth data into the first and second multiplexing symbols where the first and second portions of the first data were stored, and
output to the second bridge circuit the multiplexing symbols into which the fourth data has been inserted. 18. The memory system according to claim 14, wherein
the first and second portions of the first header data includes three DC control bits for controlling a DC balance of the first data, and the first and second portions of the second header data includes three DC control bits for controlling the DC balance of the second data, and wherein the controller is configured to output another header data corresponding to another data, the another header data including two DC control bits for controlling the DC balance of the another data. 19. A semiconductor integrated circuit connectable to a first nonvolatile memory and another semiconductor integrated circuit connectable to a second nonvolatile memory different from the first nonvolatile memory, comprising:
a first circuit by which one or more multiplexing symbols to which first data to be stored in the first nonvolatile memory and second data to be stored in the second nonvolatile memory are mapped, are received; and a second circuit configured to
upon receipt of the multiplexing symbols, extract the first data from the multiplexing symbols,
store the first data in the first nonvolatile memory,
generate third data based on the second data to insert the generated third data into the multiplexing symbols where the first data was mapped, and
output to said another semiconductor integrated circuit the multiplexing symbols into which the third data has been inserted. 20. A method for storing data in a memory system including a first nonvolatile memory, a first bridge circuit connected to the first nonvolatile memory, a second nonvolatile memory, and a second bridge circuit connected to the second nonvolatile memory and the first bridge circuit, the method comprising:
outputting first data to be stored in the first nonvolatile memory and second data to be stored in the second nonvolatile memory, the first and second data being mapped to one or more multiplexing symbols; receiving the multiplexing symbols by the first bridge circuit; extracting the first data from the multiplexing symbol; storing the first data in the first nonvolatile memory; generating third data based on data other than the first data to insert the generated third data into the multiplexing symbol at a location where the first data was mapped; and outputting the multiplexing symbol into which the third data has been inserted, to the second bridge circuit. | A memory system includes a first nonvolatile memory, a first bridge circuit connected to the memory, a second nonvolatile memory, a second bridge circuit connected to the second memory and connected to the first circuit, and a controller connected to the first circuit and configured to output, to the first circuit, first data to be stored in the first memory and second data to be stored in the second memory, the first and second data being mapped to multiplexing symbols. The first bridge circuit is configured to, upon receipt of the multiplexing symbols, extract the first data from the symbols, store the first data in the first memory, generate third data based on the second data to insert the generated third data into the multiplexing symbols where the first data was mapped, and output to the second circuit the multiplexing symbols into which the third data has been inserted.1. A memory system comprising:
a first nonvolatile memory; a first bridge circuit connected to the first nonvolatile memory; a second nonvolatile memory; a second bridge circuit connected to the second nonvolatile memory and connected to the first bridge circuit; and a controller connected to the first bridge circuit and configured to output, to the first bridge circuit, first data to be stored in the first nonvolatile memory and second data to be stored in the second nonvolatile memory, the first and second data being mapped to one or more multiplexing symbols, wherein the first bridge circuit is configured to
upon receipt of the multiplexing symbols, extract the first data from the multiplexing symbols,
store the first data in the first nonvolatile memory,
generate third data based on the second data to insert the generated third data into the multiplexing symbols where the first data was mapped, and
output to the second bridge circuit the multiplexing symbols into which the third data has been inserted. 2. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the controller comprises a multiplexer configured to
upon receipt of data from a host, encode MSB bits and LSB bits based on the received data such that a DC balance of the encoded MSB and the LSB bits is maintained, and
map the encoded MSB and LSB bits to the multiplexing symbols using linear mapping. 3. The memory system according to claim 2, wherein
each of the multiplexing symbols includes PAM4 symbols. 4. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
each of the multiplexing symbol includes a pair of symbols corresponding to a pair of an MSB bit and an LSB bit, and the first bridge circuit is configured to, when one of the MSB bit and the LSB bit is extracted from the multiplexing symbols, generate, as the third data, either the other of the MSB bit and the LSB bit or an inverted bit of said one of the MSB bit and the LSB bit. 5. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the controller is configured to output header data including a synchronization code mapped to one or more multiplexing symbols. 6. The memory system according to claim 5, wherein
The synchronization code is mapped to 2 symbols of the multiplexing symbols. 7. The memory system according to claim 5, wherein
the synchronization code is mapped to 3 symbols of the multiplexing symbols. 8. The memory system according to claim 5, wherein
each bit of data included in a first symbol and a second symbol of the multiplexing symbols of the header is encoded independently of each other. 9. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the multiplexing symbols include a first multiplexing symbol to which the first data is mapped and a second multiplexing symbol to which the second data is mapped, the controller is configured to output first header data corresponding to the first data and second header data corresponding to the second data,
the first and second header data mapped to a third and a fourth multiplexing symbol, respectively, and
the second header data includes a synchronization code including two PAM4 symbols that cause a zero crossing transition when modulated into a signal in PAM communication. 10. The memory system according to claim 9, wherein
the third data generated by the first bridge circuit is a synchronization code including two PAM4 symbols that cause a zero crossing transition when modulated into a signal in PAM communication. 11. The memory system according to claim 9, wherein
the third data is determined according to values of preceding or subsequent symbols to the symbol that were extracted by the first bridge circuit. 12. The memory system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a third nonvolatile memory; a third bridge circuit connected to the third nonvolatile memory and connected to the second bridge circuit; a fourth nonvolatile memory; and a fourth bridge circuit connected to the fourth nonvolatile memory and connected to the third bridge circuit, wherein the controller is configured to output the first data, the second data, fourth data to be stored in the third nonvolatile memory, and fifth data to be stored in the fourth nonvolatile memory,
the first, second, fourth, and fifth data mapped to a first, a second, a third, and a fourth multiplexing symbol, respectively,
the fourth, second, third, and first multiplexing symbols being arranged in this order, and
after the controller outputs the multiplexing symbols, the first, second, third, and fourth bridge circuits extract the first, second, fourth, and fifth data, respectively. 13. The memory system according to claim 12, wherein
the controller is configured to generate first, second, third, and fourth header data corresponding to the first, second, fourth, and fifth data, respectively,
the first, second, third, and fourth header data being mapped to a fifth, a sixth, a seventh, and an eighth multiplexing symbol, respectively,
the eighth, sixth, seventh, and fifth multiplexing symbols being arranged in this order, and
the fourth header data includes a DC control bit for controlling a DC balance of the fifth data, and the first, second, and third header data each include three DC control bits for controlling a DC balance of the first, second, and fourth data. 14. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the first and second data are multiplexed in at least a time direction, the multiplexing symbols include
a first multiplexing symbol including four symbols for storing a first portion of the first data by two adjacent symbols in the time direction and a first portion of the second data by the other two adjacent symbols in the time direction, and
a second multiplexing symbol including four symbols for storing a second portion of the first data by two adjacent symbols in the time direction and a second portion of the second data by the other two adjacent symbols in the time direction, and
the controller is configured to output first header data corresponding to the first data and second header data corresponding to the second data,
the first and second header data being mapped to a plurality of multiplexing symbols including
a third multiplexing symbol including four symbols and to which a first portion of the first header data is mapped using two adjacent symbols in the time direction and a first portion of the second header data is mapped using two adjacent symbols in the time direction, and
a fourth multiplexing symbol including four symbols and to which a second portion of the first header data is mapped using two adjacent symbols in the time direction and a second portion of the second header data is mapped using two adjacent symbols in the time direction, and
the first portion of the first header data includes a synchronization code represented by 01 or 10. 15. The memory system according to claim 14, wherein
the first bridge circuit is configured to
upon receipt of the multiplexing symbols from the controller, extract the first and second portions of the first data from the first and second multiplexing symbols,
store the first and second portions of the first data in the first nonvolatile memory,
insert the first and second portions of the second data or inverted first and second portions of the second data into the first and second multiplexing symbols where the first and second portions of the first data were stored, and
output to the second bridge circuit the multiplexing symbols into which the first and second portions of the first data or inverted first and second portions of the second data have been inserted data. 16. The memory system according to claim 15, wherein
the inserted first and second portions of the second data are represented by 01 or 10. 17. The memory system according to claim 14, wherein
the first bridge circuit is configured to
upon receipt of the multiplexing symbols from the controller, extract the first and second portions of the first data from the first and second multiplexing symbols,
store the first and second portions of the first data in the first nonvolatile memory,
generate fourth data based on data adjacent to the extracted first and second portions of the first data,
insert the fourth data into the first and second multiplexing symbols where the first and second portions of the first data were stored, and
output to the second bridge circuit the multiplexing symbols into which the fourth data has been inserted. 18. The memory system according to claim 14, wherein
the first and second portions of the first header data includes three DC control bits for controlling a DC balance of the first data, and the first and second portions of the second header data includes three DC control bits for controlling the DC balance of the second data, and wherein the controller is configured to output another header data corresponding to another data, the another header data including two DC control bits for controlling the DC balance of the another data. 19. A semiconductor integrated circuit connectable to a first nonvolatile memory and another semiconductor integrated circuit connectable to a second nonvolatile memory different from the first nonvolatile memory, comprising:
a first circuit by which one or more multiplexing symbols to which first data to be stored in the first nonvolatile memory and second data to be stored in the second nonvolatile memory are mapped, are received; and a second circuit configured to
upon receipt of the multiplexing symbols, extract the first data from the multiplexing symbols,
store the first data in the first nonvolatile memory,
generate third data based on the second data to insert the generated third data into the multiplexing symbols where the first data was mapped, and
output to said another semiconductor integrated circuit the multiplexing symbols into which the third data has been inserted. 20. A method for storing data in a memory system including a first nonvolatile memory, a first bridge circuit connected to the first nonvolatile memory, a second nonvolatile memory, and a second bridge circuit connected to the second nonvolatile memory and the first bridge circuit, the method comprising:
outputting first data to be stored in the first nonvolatile memory and second data to be stored in the second nonvolatile memory, the first and second data being mapped to one or more multiplexing symbols; receiving the multiplexing symbols by the first bridge circuit; extracting the first data from the multiplexing symbol; storing the first data in the first nonvolatile memory; generating third data based on data other than the first data to insert the generated third data into the multiplexing symbol at a location where the first data was mapped; and outputting the multiplexing symbol into which the third data has been inserted, to the second bridge circuit. | 2,400 |
349,491 | 16,807,096 | 2,446 | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire. | 1. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a first support portion;
a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion and attached to the first support portion; and
an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device, wherein:
the first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening between a lower side of the first support portion and an upper side of the second support portion, and
the first opening is configured to movably receive a first guide wire. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the attachment structure is disposed between the first support portion and the suspension device when the attachment structure is attached to the suspension device. 3. The line bypass system of claim 2, wherein the first support portion is disposed between the attachment structure and the second support portion when the attachment structure is attached to the suspension device. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion extends between a first end and a second end, the second support portion extends between a third end and a fourth end, and the first end of the first support portion is spaced apart from the third end of the second support portion to define the first opening. 5. The line bypass system of claim 4, wherein the second end of the first support portion is spaced apart from the fourth end of the second support portion to define a second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 6. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a first support portion;
a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion and attached to the first portion,
wherein a first opening is defined between the first support portion and the second support portion and is configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device, wherein the first support portion is spaced a first distance from the suspension device when the attachment structure is attached to the suspension device, and the second support portion is spaced a second distance, different than the first distance, from the suspension device when the attachment structure is attached to the suspension device. 7. The line bypass system of claim 6, wherein the support structure comprises a first connecting structure extending between the first support portion and the second support portion, the first connecting structure configured to connect the first guide wire to the support structure. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the first connecting structure is disposed at a first end of the support structure. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the first support portion extends in a plane and the first connecting structure extends non-parallel to the plane. 10. The line bypass system of claim 6, wherein the attachment structure defines an attachment opening configured to attach to the suspension device. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, comprising a first guide device configured to receive the first guide wire, be received within the first opening, and be attached to the support structure by the first connecting structure. 12. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a first support portion; and
a first guide device attached to the first support portion, the first guide device defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, the first guide device defining a second channel into which a second wire portion of the first guide wire is received. 14. The line bypass system of claim 13, wherein the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 15. The line bypass system of claim 12, comprising:
a second guide device attached to the first support portion, the second guide device defining a third channel into which a third wire portion of a second guide wire is received. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, the second guide device defining a fourth channel into which a fourth wire portion of the second guide wire is received. 17. The line bypass system of claim 16, wherein the third channel is defined along a third side of the second guide device and the fourth channel is defined along an opposing fourth side of the second guide device. 18. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the first guide device is attached to a first end of the support structure and the second guide device is attached to a second end of the support structure. 19. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein the support structure comprises a first connecting structure configured to attach the first guide device to the first support portion. 20. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein the support structure comprises an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire.1. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a first support portion;
a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion and attached to the first support portion; and
an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device, wherein:
the first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening between a lower side of the first support portion and an upper side of the second support portion, and
the first opening is configured to movably receive a first guide wire. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the attachment structure is disposed between the first support portion and the suspension device when the attachment structure is attached to the suspension device. 3. The line bypass system of claim 2, wherein the first support portion is disposed between the attachment structure and the second support portion when the attachment structure is attached to the suspension device. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion extends between a first end and a second end, the second support portion extends between a third end and a fourth end, and the first end of the first support portion is spaced apart from the third end of the second support portion to define the first opening. 5. The line bypass system of claim 4, wherein the second end of the first support portion is spaced apart from the fourth end of the second support portion to define a second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 6. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a first support portion;
a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion and attached to the first portion,
wherein a first opening is defined between the first support portion and the second support portion and is configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device, wherein the first support portion is spaced a first distance from the suspension device when the attachment structure is attached to the suspension device, and the second support portion is spaced a second distance, different than the first distance, from the suspension device when the attachment structure is attached to the suspension device. 7. The line bypass system of claim 6, wherein the support structure comprises a first connecting structure extending between the first support portion and the second support portion, the first connecting structure configured to connect the first guide wire to the support structure. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the first connecting structure is disposed at a first end of the support structure. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the first support portion extends in a plane and the first connecting structure extends non-parallel to the plane. 10. The line bypass system of claim 6, wherein the attachment structure defines an attachment opening configured to attach to the suspension device. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, comprising a first guide device configured to receive the first guide wire, be received within the first opening, and be attached to the support structure by the first connecting structure. 12. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a first support portion; and
a first guide device attached to the first support portion, the first guide device defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, the first guide device defining a second channel into which a second wire portion of the first guide wire is received. 14. The line bypass system of claim 13, wherein the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 15. The line bypass system of claim 12, comprising:
a second guide device attached to the first support portion, the second guide device defining a third channel into which a third wire portion of a second guide wire is received. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, the second guide device defining a fourth channel into which a fourth wire portion of the second guide wire is received. 17. The line bypass system of claim 16, wherein the third channel is defined along a third side of the second guide device and the fourth channel is defined along an opposing fourth side of the second guide device. 18. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the first guide device is attached to a first end of the support structure and the second guide device is attached to a second end of the support structure. 19. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein the support structure comprises a first connecting structure configured to attach the first guide device to the first support portion. 20. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein the support structure comprises an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. | 2,400 |
349,492 | 16,807,089 | 2,446 | An intelligent battery charging system for improving battery safety, battery longevity, and battery charging efficiency. The intelligent battery charging system includes a memory that is arranged to store an intelligent battery controller system. The intelligent battery controller system is executable by a processor and is in communication with a device state sensor, a battery temperature sensor, one or more current sensors, and a battery charge level sensor. The intelligent battery controller system is configured to monitor, via the battery temperature sensor, a temperature of the battery for a mobile device and apply one or more of a plurality of remedial actions to lower the temperature of the battery when a battery temperature above a certain threshold is measured. | 1. A intelligent battery charging system comprising:
a memory, the memory arranged to store an intelligent battery controller system, the intelligent battery controller system executable by a processor, wherein the intelligent battery controller system is in communication with a battery charge level sensor; the intelligent battery controller system being configured to monitor, via the battery charge level sensor, a percentage charge level of the battery and apply a charge mapping scheme that (1) indicates to a user that the charge level is 0% when the charge level is actually a predefined lower threshold that is higher than 0% and (2) indicates to the user that the charge level is 100% when the charge level is actually a predefined upper threshold that is lower than 100%; wherein the charge mapping scheme shuts down a mobile device when the charge level reaches the predefined lower threshold, and wherein the charge mapping scheme halts charging when the charge level reaches the predefined upper threshold. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the predefined lower threshold is in the range of 5% to 15%. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the predefined lower threshold is 10%. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the predefined upper threshold is in the range of 85% to 95%. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the predefined upper threshold is 90%. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a battery temperature sensor that monitors a temperature of the battery of the mobile device and applies one or more of a plurality of remedial actions to lower the temperature of the battery when a battery temperature above a threshold temperature is measured. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the plurality of remedial actions to lower the temperature of the battery include: charging the battery of the mobile device to a lower charge percentage than 100%, stopping a charging of the battery of the mobile device while still maintaining the power drive current to support presently active functions of the mobile device, disabling all external communications while still supporting presently active internal functions of the mobile device, shutting down the mobile device, or combinations thereof. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the system monitors a temperature of the battery after instituting the remedial action, waits for the temperature to drop a predetermined number of degrees, and then reverses the remedial action. 9. A intelligent battery charging system comprising:
a memory, the memory arranged to store an intelligent battery controller system, the intelligent battery controller system executable by a processor, wherein the intelligent battery controller system is in communication with a battery charge level sensor; the intelligent battery controller system being configured to monitor, via the battery charge level sensor, a percentage charge level of the battery and apply a charge mapping scheme that indicates to a user that the charge level is 0% when the charge level is actually a predefined lower threshold that is higher than 0%; wherein the charge mapping scheme shuts down a mobile device when the charge level reaches the predefined lower threshold. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the predefined lower threshold is in the range of 5% to 15%. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the predefined lower threshold is 10%. 12. The system of claim 9, further comprising a battery temperature sensor that monitors a temperature of the battery of the mobile device and applies one or more of a plurality of remedial actions to lower the temperature of the battery when a battery temperature above a threshold temperature is measured. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the plurality of remedial actions to lower the temperature of the battery include: charging the battery of the mobile device to a lower charge percentage than 100%, stopping a charging of the battery of the mobile device while still maintaining the power drive current to support presently active functions of the mobile device, disabling all external communications while still supporting presently active internal functions of the mobile device, shutting down the mobile device, or combinations thereof. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the system monitors a temperature of the battery after instituting the remedial action, waits for the temperature to drop a predetermined number of degrees, and then reverses the remedial action. 15. A intelligent battery charging system comprising:
a memory, the memory arranged to store an intelligent battery controller system, the intelligent battery controller system executable by a processor, wherein the intelligent battery controller system is in communication with a battery charge level sensor; the intelligent battery controller system being configured to monitor, via the battery charge level sensor, a percentage charge level of the battery and apply a charge mapping scheme that indicates to the user that the charge level is 100% when the charge level is actually a predefined upper threshold that is lower than 100%; wherein the charge mapping scheme halts charging when the charge level reaches the predefined upper threshold. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the predefined upper threshold is in the range of 85% to 95%. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the predefined upper threshold is 90%. 18. The system of claim 15, further comprising a battery temperature sensor that monitors a temperature of the battery of the mobile device and applies one or more of a plurality of remedial actions to lower the temperature of the battery when a battery temperature above a threshold temperature is measured. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the plurality of remedial actions to lower the temperature of the battery include: charging the battery of the mobile device to a lower charge percentage than 100%, stopping a charging of the battery of the mobile device while still maintaining the power drive current to support presently active functions of the mobile device, disabling all external communications while still supporting presently active internal functions of the mobile device, shutting down the mobile device, or combinations thereof. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the system monitors a temperature of the battery after instituting the remedial action, waits for the temperature to drop a predetermined number of degrees, and then reverses the remedial action. | An intelligent battery charging system for improving battery safety, battery longevity, and battery charging efficiency. The intelligent battery charging system includes a memory that is arranged to store an intelligent battery controller system. The intelligent battery controller system is executable by a processor and is in communication with a device state sensor, a battery temperature sensor, one or more current sensors, and a battery charge level sensor. The intelligent battery controller system is configured to monitor, via the battery temperature sensor, a temperature of the battery for a mobile device and apply one or more of a plurality of remedial actions to lower the temperature of the battery when a battery temperature above a certain threshold is measured.1. A intelligent battery charging system comprising:
a memory, the memory arranged to store an intelligent battery controller system, the intelligent battery controller system executable by a processor, wherein the intelligent battery controller system is in communication with a battery charge level sensor; the intelligent battery controller system being configured to monitor, via the battery charge level sensor, a percentage charge level of the battery and apply a charge mapping scheme that (1) indicates to a user that the charge level is 0% when the charge level is actually a predefined lower threshold that is higher than 0% and (2) indicates to the user that the charge level is 100% when the charge level is actually a predefined upper threshold that is lower than 100%; wherein the charge mapping scheme shuts down a mobile device when the charge level reaches the predefined lower threshold, and wherein the charge mapping scheme halts charging when the charge level reaches the predefined upper threshold. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the predefined lower threshold is in the range of 5% to 15%. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the predefined lower threshold is 10%. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the predefined upper threshold is in the range of 85% to 95%. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the predefined upper threshold is 90%. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a battery temperature sensor that monitors a temperature of the battery of the mobile device and applies one or more of a plurality of remedial actions to lower the temperature of the battery when a battery temperature above a threshold temperature is measured. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the plurality of remedial actions to lower the temperature of the battery include: charging the battery of the mobile device to a lower charge percentage than 100%, stopping a charging of the battery of the mobile device while still maintaining the power drive current to support presently active functions of the mobile device, disabling all external communications while still supporting presently active internal functions of the mobile device, shutting down the mobile device, or combinations thereof. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the system monitors a temperature of the battery after instituting the remedial action, waits for the temperature to drop a predetermined number of degrees, and then reverses the remedial action. 9. A intelligent battery charging system comprising:
a memory, the memory arranged to store an intelligent battery controller system, the intelligent battery controller system executable by a processor, wherein the intelligent battery controller system is in communication with a battery charge level sensor; the intelligent battery controller system being configured to monitor, via the battery charge level sensor, a percentage charge level of the battery and apply a charge mapping scheme that indicates to a user that the charge level is 0% when the charge level is actually a predefined lower threshold that is higher than 0%; wherein the charge mapping scheme shuts down a mobile device when the charge level reaches the predefined lower threshold. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the predefined lower threshold is in the range of 5% to 15%. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the predefined lower threshold is 10%. 12. The system of claim 9, further comprising a battery temperature sensor that monitors a temperature of the battery of the mobile device and applies one or more of a plurality of remedial actions to lower the temperature of the battery when a battery temperature above a threshold temperature is measured. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the plurality of remedial actions to lower the temperature of the battery include: charging the battery of the mobile device to a lower charge percentage than 100%, stopping a charging of the battery of the mobile device while still maintaining the power drive current to support presently active functions of the mobile device, disabling all external communications while still supporting presently active internal functions of the mobile device, shutting down the mobile device, or combinations thereof. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the system monitors a temperature of the battery after instituting the remedial action, waits for the temperature to drop a predetermined number of degrees, and then reverses the remedial action. 15. A intelligent battery charging system comprising:
a memory, the memory arranged to store an intelligent battery controller system, the intelligent battery controller system executable by a processor, wherein the intelligent battery controller system is in communication with a battery charge level sensor; the intelligent battery controller system being configured to monitor, via the battery charge level sensor, a percentage charge level of the battery and apply a charge mapping scheme that indicates to the user that the charge level is 100% when the charge level is actually a predefined upper threshold that is lower than 100%; wherein the charge mapping scheme halts charging when the charge level reaches the predefined upper threshold. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the predefined upper threshold is in the range of 85% to 95%. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the predefined upper threshold is 90%. 18. The system of claim 15, further comprising a battery temperature sensor that monitors a temperature of the battery of the mobile device and applies one or more of a plurality of remedial actions to lower the temperature of the battery when a battery temperature above a threshold temperature is measured. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the plurality of remedial actions to lower the temperature of the battery include: charging the battery of the mobile device to a lower charge percentage than 100%, stopping a charging of the battery of the mobile device while still maintaining the power drive current to support presently active functions of the mobile device, disabling all external communications while still supporting presently active internal functions of the mobile device, shutting down the mobile device, or combinations thereof. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the system monitors a temperature of the battery after instituting the remedial action, waits for the temperature to drop a predetermined number of degrees, and then reverses the remedial action. | 2,400 |
349,493 | 16,807,107 | 2,446 | A system is for bonding a cover sheet to a core to form or repair a dual wall structure. The system includes a cover sheet probe and an inner pedestal probe. A three dimensional contoured tip of the cover sheet probe abuts against a three dimensional contoured outer surface of the cover sheet opposite a pedestal of the core. The pedestal abuts the inner surface of the cover sheet. The inner pedestal probe may be coupled to the core to create a conductive electrical path from the cover sheet probe through at least part of the structure. A flow of electric power is controlled and supplied to the cover sheet probe to heat a junction between the area of the cover sheet abutting the pedestal and the pedestal. A heated area is created in the junction and fixedly couples the coversheet and the pedestal. | 1. A method comprising:
aligning a pedestal of a core of a three dimensional (3D) contoured dual wall structure to abut an inner surface of a cover sheet of the dual wall structure; abutting a 3D contoured surface of a tip of a cover sheet probe against a corresponding 3D contoured outer surface of the cover sheet opposite the pedestal abutting the inner surface of the cover sheet; coupling an inner pedestal probe to the dual wall structure to create a conductive electrical path from the cover sheet probe through at least part of the dual wall structure; applying a predetermined localized pressing force to the corresponding 3D contoured outer surface of the cover sheet with the cover sheet probe; heating a junction between the inner surface of the cover sheet abutting the pedestal and the pedestal by controlling a flow of electric power from the cover sheet probe to the inner pedestal probe; creating a heated area in the junction; and fixedly coupling the coversheet and the pedestal with the heated area. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein fixedly coupling the coversheet and the pedestal with the heated area comprises diffusion bonding in the heated area, resistance bonding in the heated area, or braze bonding in the heated area. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the dual wall structure is a turbine blade or a turbine vane. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein abutting the 3D contoured surface of the tip of the cover sheet probe against the corresponding 3D contoured outer surface of the cover sheet comprises the 3D contoured surface of the tip of the cover sheet probe following the corresponding 3D contoured outer surface of the cover sheet. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein aligning the pedestal of the core with the cover sheet comprises aligning a 3D contoured surface of the pedestal with a corresponding 3D contoured surface of the inner surface of the cover sheet. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the 3D contoured surface of the inner surface of the cover sheet and the 3D contoured outer surface of the cover sheet are oppositely contoured 3D surfaces. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein coupling the inner pedestal probe to the dual wall structure comprises positioning the inner pedestal probe in the core to include the pedestal as part of the conductive electrical path between the cover sheet probe and the inner pedestal probe, and wherein aligning the pedestal of the core with the cover sheet comprises applying a temporary shielding material between the pedestal and another pedestal adjacent the pedestal. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein heating the junction between the inner surface of the cover sheet abutting the pedestal and the pedestal by controlling the flow of electric power comprises heating the junction between the inner surface of the cover sheet and the pedestal to a localized maximum junction temperature of all junctions in the conductive electrical path between the cover sheet probe and the inner pedestal probe. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the pedestal is a plurality of pedestals, and the tip of the cover sheet probe comprises a corresponding plurality of tips, and wherein abutting the 3D contoured surface of the tip of the cover sheet probe against the corresponding 3D contoured outer surface of the cover sheet comprises aligning a pattern of the pedestals on the core with a matching pattern of the corresponding 3D contoured surfaces of the tips of the cover sheet probe such that each of the pedestals is aligned with one of the corresponding tips to create respective multiple maximum temperature junctions between the inner surface of the cover sheet and multiple respective pedestals. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the pedestal is a plurality of pedestals, and the cover sheet probe comprises a plurality of cover sheet probes each with a corresponding tip, and wherein abutting the tip of the cover sheet probe against the outer surface of the cover sheet comprises aligning a pattern of the pedestals on the core with a matching pattern of the cover sheet probes such that each of the pedestals is aligned with one of the corresponding tips to create respective multiple maximum temperature junctions between the cover sheet and multiple respective pedestals. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein aligning the pedestal of the core of the dual wall structure to abut the inner surface of the cover sheet of the dual wall structure comprises the initial step of applying a braze or diffusion agent to the pedestal, wherein the braze or diffusion agent is in the form of a powder, foil, or coatings/ion implantation. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein coupling the inner pedestal probe to the dual wall structure comprises
inserting the inner pedestal probe into a cooling channel inside of the core of the dual wall component, and coupling the inner pedestal probe to an interior wall of the cooling channel to direct the conductive electrical path through the pedestal. 13. A system comprising:
a resistance welder; a cover sheet probe electrically coupled with the resistance welder, the cover sheet probe comprising a tip having a three dimensional (3D) contoured contacting area that follows a 3D contoured outer surface of a cover sheet of a core included in a dual wall structure; an inner pedestal probe electrically coupled with the resistance welder, the inner pedestal probe to electrically couple with the dual wall structure; and the resistance welder including a controller to control a supply of electric power to the cover sheet probe and control a pressing force of the tip of the cover sheet probe against the outer surface of the cover sheet, wherein the tip includes the 3D contoured contacting area to abut the 3D contoured outer surface of the cover sheet opposite an inner surface of the cover sheet, the inner surface abutting a pedestal included in the core, and the 3D contoured contacting area equal to or greater than a surface area of the pedestal contacting the inner surface of the cover sheet. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the 3D contoured contacting area of the tip of the cover sheet probe corresponds to only a portion of the 3D contoured surface of the cover sheet. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the 3D contoured contacting area of the tip creates a conductive electrical path of lower resistance between the 3D contacting area of the tip and the 3D contoured outer surface of the cover sheet as compared to a junction formed between the inner surface of the cover sheet and the pedestal. 16. The system of claim 13, wherein the junction formed between the inner surface of the cover sheet and the pedestal is a localized maximum temperature junction along a conductive electrical path having a plurality of other junctions between the cover sheet probe and the inner pedestal probe. 17. The system of claim 13, wherein the pedestal is a plurality of pedestals, and the tip of the cover sheet probe comprises a corresponding plurality of tips, wherein a pattern of the tips of the cover sheet probe match a pattern of the pedestals such that each of the pedestals is aligned with one of the corresponding tips. 18. The system of claim 13, wherein the pedestal is a plurality of pedestals, and the cover sheet probe comprises a plurality of cover sheet probes and a corresponding plurality of respective tips, wherein a pattern of the respective tips of the cover sheet probes match a pattern of the pedestals such that each of the pedestals is aligned with one of the corresponding respective tips. 19. The system of claim 13, wherein a 3D contoured outer surface of the pedestal follows a 3D contoured surface of the inner surface of the cover sheet, and the 3D contoured surface of the inner surface of the cover sheet is contoured opposite to the 3D contoured outer surface of the cover sheet. 20. The system of claim 13, wherein the inner pedestal probe is dimensioned for insertion into a cooling channel inside of the core of the dual wall component and is configured to couple with an interior wall of the cooling channel to form a conductive electrical path from the cover sheet probe through at least part of the pedestal to the inner pedestal probe. | A system is for bonding a cover sheet to a core to form or repair a dual wall structure. The system includes a cover sheet probe and an inner pedestal probe. A three dimensional contoured tip of the cover sheet probe abuts against a three dimensional contoured outer surface of the cover sheet opposite a pedestal of the core. The pedestal abuts the inner surface of the cover sheet. The inner pedestal probe may be coupled to the core to create a conductive electrical path from the cover sheet probe through at least part of the structure. A flow of electric power is controlled and supplied to the cover sheet probe to heat a junction between the area of the cover sheet abutting the pedestal and the pedestal. A heated area is created in the junction and fixedly couples the coversheet and the pedestal.1. A method comprising:
aligning a pedestal of a core of a three dimensional (3D) contoured dual wall structure to abut an inner surface of a cover sheet of the dual wall structure; abutting a 3D contoured surface of a tip of a cover sheet probe against a corresponding 3D contoured outer surface of the cover sheet opposite the pedestal abutting the inner surface of the cover sheet; coupling an inner pedestal probe to the dual wall structure to create a conductive electrical path from the cover sheet probe through at least part of the dual wall structure; applying a predetermined localized pressing force to the corresponding 3D contoured outer surface of the cover sheet with the cover sheet probe; heating a junction between the inner surface of the cover sheet abutting the pedestal and the pedestal by controlling a flow of electric power from the cover sheet probe to the inner pedestal probe; creating a heated area in the junction; and fixedly coupling the coversheet and the pedestal with the heated area. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein fixedly coupling the coversheet and the pedestal with the heated area comprises diffusion bonding in the heated area, resistance bonding in the heated area, or braze bonding in the heated area. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the dual wall structure is a turbine blade or a turbine vane. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein abutting the 3D contoured surface of the tip of the cover sheet probe against the corresponding 3D contoured outer surface of the cover sheet comprises the 3D contoured surface of the tip of the cover sheet probe following the corresponding 3D contoured outer surface of the cover sheet. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein aligning the pedestal of the core with the cover sheet comprises aligning a 3D contoured surface of the pedestal with a corresponding 3D contoured surface of the inner surface of the cover sheet. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the 3D contoured surface of the inner surface of the cover sheet and the 3D contoured outer surface of the cover sheet are oppositely contoured 3D surfaces. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein coupling the inner pedestal probe to the dual wall structure comprises positioning the inner pedestal probe in the core to include the pedestal as part of the conductive electrical path between the cover sheet probe and the inner pedestal probe, and wherein aligning the pedestal of the core with the cover sheet comprises applying a temporary shielding material between the pedestal and another pedestal adjacent the pedestal. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein heating the junction between the inner surface of the cover sheet abutting the pedestal and the pedestal by controlling the flow of electric power comprises heating the junction between the inner surface of the cover sheet and the pedestal to a localized maximum junction temperature of all junctions in the conductive electrical path between the cover sheet probe and the inner pedestal probe. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the pedestal is a plurality of pedestals, and the tip of the cover sheet probe comprises a corresponding plurality of tips, and wherein abutting the 3D contoured surface of the tip of the cover sheet probe against the corresponding 3D contoured outer surface of the cover sheet comprises aligning a pattern of the pedestals on the core with a matching pattern of the corresponding 3D contoured surfaces of the tips of the cover sheet probe such that each of the pedestals is aligned with one of the corresponding tips to create respective multiple maximum temperature junctions between the inner surface of the cover sheet and multiple respective pedestals. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the pedestal is a plurality of pedestals, and the cover sheet probe comprises a plurality of cover sheet probes each with a corresponding tip, and wherein abutting the tip of the cover sheet probe against the outer surface of the cover sheet comprises aligning a pattern of the pedestals on the core with a matching pattern of the cover sheet probes such that each of the pedestals is aligned with one of the corresponding tips to create respective multiple maximum temperature junctions between the cover sheet and multiple respective pedestals. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein aligning the pedestal of the core of the dual wall structure to abut the inner surface of the cover sheet of the dual wall structure comprises the initial step of applying a braze or diffusion agent to the pedestal, wherein the braze or diffusion agent is in the form of a powder, foil, or coatings/ion implantation. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein coupling the inner pedestal probe to the dual wall structure comprises
inserting the inner pedestal probe into a cooling channel inside of the core of the dual wall component, and coupling the inner pedestal probe to an interior wall of the cooling channel to direct the conductive electrical path through the pedestal. 13. A system comprising:
a resistance welder; a cover sheet probe electrically coupled with the resistance welder, the cover sheet probe comprising a tip having a three dimensional (3D) contoured contacting area that follows a 3D contoured outer surface of a cover sheet of a core included in a dual wall structure; an inner pedestal probe electrically coupled with the resistance welder, the inner pedestal probe to electrically couple with the dual wall structure; and the resistance welder including a controller to control a supply of electric power to the cover sheet probe and control a pressing force of the tip of the cover sheet probe against the outer surface of the cover sheet, wherein the tip includes the 3D contoured contacting area to abut the 3D contoured outer surface of the cover sheet opposite an inner surface of the cover sheet, the inner surface abutting a pedestal included in the core, and the 3D contoured contacting area equal to or greater than a surface area of the pedestal contacting the inner surface of the cover sheet. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the 3D contoured contacting area of the tip of the cover sheet probe corresponds to only a portion of the 3D contoured surface of the cover sheet. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the 3D contoured contacting area of the tip creates a conductive electrical path of lower resistance between the 3D contacting area of the tip and the 3D contoured outer surface of the cover sheet as compared to a junction formed between the inner surface of the cover sheet and the pedestal. 16. The system of claim 13, wherein the junction formed between the inner surface of the cover sheet and the pedestal is a localized maximum temperature junction along a conductive electrical path having a plurality of other junctions between the cover sheet probe and the inner pedestal probe. 17. The system of claim 13, wherein the pedestal is a plurality of pedestals, and the tip of the cover sheet probe comprises a corresponding plurality of tips, wherein a pattern of the tips of the cover sheet probe match a pattern of the pedestals such that each of the pedestals is aligned with one of the corresponding tips. 18. The system of claim 13, wherein the pedestal is a plurality of pedestals, and the cover sheet probe comprises a plurality of cover sheet probes and a corresponding plurality of respective tips, wherein a pattern of the respective tips of the cover sheet probes match a pattern of the pedestals such that each of the pedestals is aligned with one of the corresponding respective tips. 19. The system of claim 13, wherein a 3D contoured outer surface of the pedestal follows a 3D contoured surface of the inner surface of the cover sheet, and the 3D contoured surface of the inner surface of the cover sheet is contoured opposite to the 3D contoured outer surface of the cover sheet. 20. The system of claim 13, wherein the inner pedestal probe is dimensioned for insertion into a cooling channel inside of the core of the dual wall component and is configured to couple with an interior wall of the cooling channel to form a conductive electrical path from the cover sheet probe through at least part of the pedestal to the inner pedestal probe. | 2,400 |
349,494 | 16,807,112 | 2,831 | This application relates to a vaporization device including a housing, a top cap and a heating assembly. The housing further has a storage chamber and a channel. The top cap further has a first top cap component and a second top cap component. The first top cap component has at least one through hole configured to suppress a flow rate of tobacco tar flowing from the storage chamber into the heating assembly. | 1. A vaporization device comprising:
a housing comprising a storage chamber; a top cap disposed in the housing and connected to the storage chamber; and a heating assembly disposed in the housing and connected to the top cap, wherein the top cap comprises a first top cap component and a second top cap component that are engaged with each other, the first top cap component being connected to the storage chamber, and the second top cap component being connected to the heating assembly, wherein the first top cap component comprises a first through hole, a second through hole and a third through hole, the storage chamber is in fluid communication with the first through hole, the second through hole and the third through hole, and the second top cap component comprises a fourth through hole and a fifth through hole; the heating assembly is in fluid communication with the fourth through hole and the fifth through hole, the first through hole, the second through hole and the third through hole being in fluid communication with the fourth through hole, and being also in fluid communication with the fifth through hole, wherein the first through hole, the second through hole, and the third through hole are not of a uniform inner diameter. 2. The vaporization device according to claim 1, wherein the fourth through hole is configured to substantially correspond to the first through hole, and the fifth through hole is configured to substantially correspond to the third through hole. 3. The vaporization device according to claim 1, wherein
the first through hole comprises a first opening adjacent to the storage chamber and a second opening adjacent to the second top cap component, the cross-sectional area of the first opening being smaller than the cross-sectional area of the second opening; the second through hole comprises a third opening adjacent to the storage chamber and a fourth opening adjacent to the second top cap component, the cross-sectional area of the third opening being larger than the cross-sectional area of the fourth opening; and the third through hole comprises a fifth opening adjacent to the storage chamber and a sixth opening adjacent to the second top cap component, the cross-sectional area of the fifth opening being smaller than the cross-sectional area of the sixth opening. 4. The vaporization device according to claim 3, wherein the second opening substantially aligns with the fourth through hole, and the sixth opening substantially aligns with the fifth through hole. 5. The vaporization device according to claim 1, wherein an inner diameter of either of the first through hole and the third through hole tapers from a location adjacent to the second top cap component to a location adjacent to the storage chamber, and an inner diameter of the second through hole tapers from the location adjacent to the storage chamber to the location adjacent to the second top cap component. 6. The vaporization device according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of the cross-sectional area of the fourth through hole or the fifth through hole to the cross-sectional area of the storage chamber is 1:15 to 1:20. 7. The vaporization device according to claim 1, wherein a cross-sectional diameter of the fourth through hole or the fifth through hole is 1.7 mm. 8. The vaporization device according to claim 1, wherein the top cap further comprises a sealing element engaged with the second top cap component and interconnected with the heating assembly. 9. The vaporization device according to claim 8, wherein the heating assembly comprises a heating component and a heating base for supporting the heating component, and the sealing element is disposed on the heating component. 10. The vaporization device according to claim 9, wherein the sealing element comprises a top, a bottom and a first side wall extending between the top and bottom, the first side wall comprising a first groove, the top comprising a second groove, and the bottom comprising a third groove, a cavity being defined between the first groove and the heating component. 11. The vaporization device according to claim 10, wherein the first side wall of the sealing element comprises a first partition comprising a first segment and a second segment, a first end of the first segment being interconnected with a second end of the second segment. 12. The vaporization device according to claim 11, wherein there is a first angle between the first segment and the second segment, the first angle being between 90 degrees and 180 degrees. 13. The vaporization device according to claim 11, wherein the first segment comprises a third end opposite to the first end, and the second segment comprises a fourth end opposite to the second end, a first gap being formed between the third end and a first surface of the first groove, and a second gap being formed between the fourth end and a second surface that is of the first groove and that is opposite to the first surface. 14. The vaporization device according to claim 11, wherein the first side wall of the sealing element further comprises a second partition comprising a third segment and a fourth segment, a third gap being formed between a fifth end of the third segment and a sixth end of the fourth segment. 15. The vaporization device according to claim 14, wherein there is a first angle between the first segment and the second segment, and there is a second angle between the third segment and the fourth segment, the first angle being different from the second angle. 16. The vaporization device according to claim 14, wherein the third segment extends at an angle from a first side of the first groove toward a second side opposite to the first side of the first groove, and the fourth segment extends at an angle from the second side of the first groove toward the first side of the first groove. 17. The vaporization device according to claim 8, wherein the first top cap component, the second top cap component and the sealing element are made of different materials. 18. The vaporization device according to claim 1, wherein the first top cap component is made of silica gel. 19. The vaporization device according to claim 8, wherein the sealing element is made of silica gel. 20. The vaporization device according to claim 9, further comprising a first tar absorbing pad, the first tar absorbing pad being disposed between the heating component and the heating base. 21. The vaporization device according to claim 9, wherein the heating base comprises a first opening, and the heating assembly is connected to the outside through the first opening. 22. The vaporization device according to claim 21, wherein the first opening is disposed adjacent to a first end of the heating base, a second end opposite to the first end of the heating base comprising a second tar absorbing pad. 23. The vaporization device according to claim 20, wherein the first tar absorbing pad is made of macromolecule cotton. 24. The vaporization device according to claim 22, wherein the second tar absorbing pad is made of macromolecule cotton. 25. The vaporization device according to claim 9, further comprising a circuit board electrically connected to the heating component. | This application relates to a vaporization device including a housing, a top cap and a heating assembly. The housing further has a storage chamber and a channel. The top cap further has a first top cap component and a second top cap component. The first top cap component has at least one through hole configured to suppress a flow rate of tobacco tar flowing from the storage chamber into the heating assembly.1. A vaporization device comprising:
a housing comprising a storage chamber; a top cap disposed in the housing and connected to the storage chamber; and a heating assembly disposed in the housing and connected to the top cap, wherein the top cap comprises a first top cap component and a second top cap component that are engaged with each other, the first top cap component being connected to the storage chamber, and the second top cap component being connected to the heating assembly, wherein the first top cap component comprises a first through hole, a second through hole and a third through hole, the storage chamber is in fluid communication with the first through hole, the second through hole and the third through hole, and the second top cap component comprises a fourth through hole and a fifth through hole; the heating assembly is in fluid communication with the fourth through hole and the fifth through hole, the first through hole, the second through hole and the third through hole being in fluid communication with the fourth through hole, and being also in fluid communication with the fifth through hole, wherein the first through hole, the second through hole, and the third through hole are not of a uniform inner diameter. 2. The vaporization device according to claim 1, wherein the fourth through hole is configured to substantially correspond to the first through hole, and the fifth through hole is configured to substantially correspond to the third through hole. 3. The vaporization device according to claim 1, wherein
the first through hole comprises a first opening adjacent to the storage chamber and a second opening adjacent to the second top cap component, the cross-sectional area of the first opening being smaller than the cross-sectional area of the second opening; the second through hole comprises a third opening adjacent to the storage chamber and a fourth opening adjacent to the second top cap component, the cross-sectional area of the third opening being larger than the cross-sectional area of the fourth opening; and the third through hole comprises a fifth opening adjacent to the storage chamber and a sixth opening adjacent to the second top cap component, the cross-sectional area of the fifth opening being smaller than the cross-sectional area of the sixth opening. 4. The vaporization device according to claim 3, wherein the second opening substantially aligns with the fourth through hole, and the sixth opening substantially aligns with the fifth through hole. 5. The vaporization device according to claim 1, wherein an inner diameter of either of the first through hole and the third through hole tapers from a location adjacent to the second top cap component to a location adjacent to the storage chamber, and an inner diameter of the second through hole tapers from the location adjacent to the storage chamber to the location adjacent to the second top cap component. 6. The vaporization device according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of the cross-sectional area of the fourth through hole or the fifth through hole to the cross-sectional area of the storage chamber is 1:15 to 1:20. 7. The vaporization device according to claim 1, wherein a cross-sectional diameter of the fourth through hole or the fifth through hole is 1.7 mm. 8. The vaporization device according to claim 1, wherein the top cap further comprises a sealing element engaged with the second top cap component and interconnected with the heating assembly. 9. The vaporization device according to claim 8, wherein the heating assembly comprises a heating component and a heating base for supporting the heating component, and the sealing element is disposed on the heating component. 10. The vaporization device according to claim 9, wherein the sealing element comprises a top, a bottom and a first side wall extending between the top and bottom, the first side wall comprising a first groove, the top comprising a second groove, and the bottom comprising a third groove, a cavity being defined between the first groove and the heating component. 11. The vaporization device according to claim 10, wherein the first side wall of the sealing element comprises a first partition comprising a first segment and a second segment, a first end of the first segment being interconnected with a second end of the second segment. 12. The vaporization device according to claim 11, wherein there is a first angle between the first segment and the second segment, the first angle being between 90 degrees and 180 degrees. 13. The vaporization device according to claim 11, wherein the first segment comprises a third end opposite to the first end, and the second segment comprises a fourth end opposite to the second end, a first gap being formed between the third end and a first surface of the first groove, and a second gap being formed between the fourth end and a second surface that is of the first groove and that is opposite to the first surface. 14. The vaporization device according to claim 11, wherein the first side wall of the sealing element further comprises a second partition comprising a third segment and a fourth segment, a third gap being formed between a fifth end of the third segment and a sixth end of the fourth segment. 15. The vaporization device according to claim 14, wherein there is a first angle between the first segment and the second segment, and there is a second angle between the third segment and the fourth segment, the first angle being different from the second angle. 16. The vaporization device according to claim 14, wherein the third segment extends at an angle from a first side of the first groove toward a second side opposite to the first side of the first groove, and the fourth segment extends at an angle from the second side of the first groove toward the first side of the first groove. 17. The vaporization device according to claim 8, wherein the first top cap component, the second top cap component and the sealing element are made of different materials. 18. The vaporization device according to claim 1, wherein the first top cap component is made of silica gel. 19. The vaporization device according to claim 8, wherein the sealing element is made of silica gel. 20. The vaporization device according to claim 9, further comprising a first tar absorbing pad, the first tar absorbing pad being disposed between the heating component and the heating base. 21. The vaporization device according to claim 9, wherein the heating base comprises a first opening, and the heating assembly is connected to the outside through the first opening. 22. The vaporization device according to claim 21, wherein the first opening is disposed adjacent to a first end of the heating base, a second end opposite to the first end of the heating base comprising a second tar absorbing pad. 23. The vaporization device according to claim 20, wherein the first tar absorbing pad is made of macromolecule cotton. 24. The vaporization device according to claim 22, wherein the second tar absorbing pad is made of macromolecule cotton. 25. The vaporization device according to claim 9, further comprising a circuit board electrically connected to the heating component. | 2,800 |
349,495 | 16,807,122 | 2,831 | An optical imaging lens group, from an object side to an image side sequentially includes: a meniscus-shaped first lens having a negative refractive power and a convex surface facing the object side; a meniscus-shaped second lens having a negative refractive power and a convex surface facing the image side; an aperture stop; a third lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; a fourth lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; a fifth lens having a negative refractive power and two concave surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; a sixth lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; and a filter. | 1. An optical imaging lens group, from an object side to an image side, sequentially comprising:
a meniscus-shaped first lens having a negative refractive power and a convex surface facing the object side; a meniscus-shaped second lens having a negative refractive power and a convex surface facing the image side; an aperture stop; a third lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side a fourth lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; a fifth lens having a negative refractive power and two concave surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side, and the fourth lens and the fifth lens forming a cemented doublet lens; a sixth lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; and a filter; wherein the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the fourth lens, the fifth lens, and the sixth lens are glass lenses. 2. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 1, wherein the fourth lens and the sixth lens satisfy the following expressions:
0.1<φ4+φ6<0.2,
−10×10−6/° C.<(dn/dt)4<0,
−10×10−6/° C.<(dn/dt)6<−2×10−6/° C.,
wherein φ4 represents the refractive power of the fourth lens, p6 represents the refractive power of the sixth lens, (dn/dt)4 is a temperature coefficient of refractive index of the fourth lens, and (dn/dt)6 is a temperature coefficient of refractive index of the sixth lens, 3, The optical imaging lens group according to claim 2, wherein the fourth lens and the sixth lens satisfy the following expressions:
Vd4+Vd6>120,
ΔPg, F4+ΔPg, F6>0.03,
wherein Vd4 and Vd6 respectively represent an Abbe number of the fourth lens and the sixth lens, ΔPg, F4 represents a deviation of relative partial dispersion from the Abbe empirical formula of the fourth lens, and ΔPg, F6 represents a deviation of relative partial dispersion from the Abbe empirical formula of the sixth lens, 4. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 1, wherein the fourth lens and the sixth lens satisfy the following expressions:
Vd4+Vd6>120, ΔPg, F4+ΔPg, F6>0.03,
wherein Vd4 and Vd6 respectively represent an Abbe number of the fourth lens and the sixth lens, ΔPg, F4 represents a deviation of relative partial dispersion from the Abbe empirical formula of the fourth lens, and ΔPg, F6 represents a deviation of relative partial dispersion from the Abbe empirical formula of the sixth lens, 5. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens group satisfies the following expression:
1.2<1H/θ<1.6,
wherein θ represents a half field angle of the optical imaging lens group, and 1 H represents an image height of the optical imaging lens group when the half field angle is θ. 6. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens group satisfies the following expression:
Fno<1.8, wherein Fno represents an F number of the optical imaging lens group, and a reciprocal of the F number is a relative aperture of the optical imaging lens group. 7. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 1, wherein the second lens satisfies the following expression:
0<r3/r4<1, wherein r3 represents a radius of curvature of an object side surface of the second lens, and r4 represents a radius of curvature of an image side surface of the second lens. 8. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 7, wherein the second lens further satisfies the following expression:
1<f2/r4<5, wherein f2 represents a focal length of the second lens, and r4 represents a radius of curvature of the image side surface of the second lens. 9. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 1, wherein the second lens further satisfies the following expression:
1<f2/r4<5, wherein f2 represents a focal length of the second lens, and r4 represents a radius of curvature of the image side surface of the second lens. 10. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 1, wherein the sixth lens satisfies the following expression:
−1.5<f6/r11<0,
wherein f6 represents a focal length of the sixth lens, and r11 represents a radius of curvature of the image side surface of the sixth lens. 11. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 1, wherein the fourth lens and the fifth lens satisfy the following expression:
20<Vd4−Vd5<40, wherein Vd4 represents an Abbe number of the fourth lens, and Vd5 represents an Abbe number of the fifth lens. 12. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 1, wherein the first lens, the third lens, the fourth lens, and the fifth lens are glass spherical lenses, the second lens and the sixth lens are glass aspherical lenses. 13. A vehicle camera, comprising an image sensor and an optical imaging lens group, the image sensor being configured to convert optical images formed by the optical imaging lens group into electrical signals; from an object side to an imaging surface, the optical imaging lens group sequentially comprising:
a first lens having a negative refractive power and a convex surface facing the object side; a second lens having a negative refractive power and a convex surface facing the image side; an aperture stop; a third lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; a cemented doublet lens having a convex surface on the object side and a concave surface on the object side; a sixth lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; and a filter; wherein the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the cemented doublet lens, and the sixth lens are glass lenses. 14. The vehicle camera according to claim 13, wherein the cemented doublet lens comprising a fourth lens and a fifth lens, the fourth lens has a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; the fifth lens has a negative refractive power and two concave surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side, the fourth lens and the fifth lens forms the cemented doublet lens; the fourth lens and the sixth lens satisfy the following expressions:
0.1<φ4+φ6<0.2,
−10×10−6/° C.<(dn/dt)4<0,
−10×10−6/° C.<(dn/dt)6<−2×10−6/° C.,
where φ4 represents the refractive power of the fourth lens, (6 represents the refractive power of the sixth lens, (dn/dt)4 is a temperature coefficient of refractive index of the fourth lens, and (dn/dt)6 is a temperature coefficient of refractive index of the sixth lens. 15. The vehicle camera according to claim 14, wherein the fourth lens and the sixth lens satisfy the following expressions:
Vd4+Vd6>120, ΔPg, F4+ΔPg, F6>0.03,
wherein Vd4 and Vd6 respectively represent an Abbe number of the fourth lens and the sixth lens, ΔPg, F4 represents a deviation of a relative partial dispersion from the Abbe empirical formula of the fourth lens, and ΔPg, F6 represents a deviation of a relative partial dispersion from the Abbe empirical formula of the sixth lens. 16. The vehicle camera according to claim 14, wherein the fourth lens and the fifth lens satisfy the following expression:
20<Vd4−Vd5<40, wherein Vd4 represents an Abbe number of the fourth lens, and Vd5 represents an Abbe number of the fifth lens. 17. The vehicle camera according to claim 13, wherein the optical imaging lens group satisfies the following expression:
1.2<1H/θ<1.6,
wherein 0 represents a half field angle of the optical imaging lens group, and 1 H represents an image height of the optical imaging lens group when the half field angle is 0. 18. The vehicle camera according to claim 13, wherein the optical imaging lens group satisfies the following expression:
Fno<1.8, wherein Fno represents an F number of the optical imaging lens group, and a reciprocal of the F number is a relative aperture of the optical imaging lens group. 19. The vehicle camera according to claim 13, wherein the second lens satisfies the following expressions:
0<r3/r4<1, 1<f2/r4<5, wherein r3 represents a radius of curvature of an object side surface of the second lens, and r4 represents a radius of curvature of an image side surface of the second lens, f2 represents a focal length of the second lens. 20. A driving assistance system for assisting a driver in driving a vehicle, comprising:
an optical imaging lens group, mounted in the vehicle, from an object side to an image side, sequentially comprising:
a meniscus-shaped first lens having a negative refractive power and a convex surface facing the object side;
a meniscus-shaped second lens having a negative refractive power and a convex surface facing the image side;
an aperture stop;
a third lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side;
a fourth lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side;
a fifth lens having a negative refractive power and two concave surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side, and the fourth lens and the fifth lens forming a cemented doublet lens;
a sixth lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; and
a filter; wherein the fourth lens and the sixth lens satisfy the following expressions:
Vd4+Vd6>120,
ΔPg, F4+ΔPg, F6>0.03,
wherein Vd4 and Vd6 respectively represent an Abbe number of the fourth lens and the sixth lens, ΔPg, F4 represents a deviation of a relative partial dispersion from the Abbe empirical formula of the fourth lens, and ΔPg, F6 represents a deviation of a relative partial dispersion from the Abbe empirical formula of the sixth lens; and an image sensor, corresponding to the optical imaging lens group, configured to convert optical images formed by the optical imaging lens group into electrical signals. | An optical imaging lens group, from an object side to an image side sequentially includes: a meniscus-shaped first lens having a negative refractive power and a convex surface facing the object side; a meniscus-shaped second lens having a negative refractive power and a convex surface facing the image side; an aperture stop; a third lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; a fourth lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; a fifth lens having a negative refractive power and two concave surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; a sixth lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; and a filter.1. An optical imaging lens group, from an object side to an image side, sequentially comprising:
a meniscus-shaped first lens having a negative refractive power and a convex surface facing the object side; a meniscus-shaped second lens having a negative refractive power and a convex surface facing the image side; an aperture stop; a third lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side a fourth lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; a fifth lens having a negative refractive power and two concave surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side, and the fourth lens and the fifth lens forming a cemented doublet lens; a sixth lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; and a filter; wherein the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the fourth lens, the fifth lens, and the sixth lens are glass lenses. 2. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 1, wherein the fourth lens and the sixth lens satisfy the following expressions:
0.1<φ4+φ6<0.2,
−10×10−6/° C.<(dn/dt)4<0,
−10×10−6/° C.<(dn/dt)6<−2×10−6/° C.,
wherein φ4 represents the refractive power of the fourth lens, p6 represents the refractive power of the sixth lens, (dn/dt)4 is a temperature coefficient of refractive index of the fourth lens, and (dn/dt)6 is a temperature coefficient of refractive index of the sixth lens, 3, The optical imaging lens group according to claim 2, wherein the fourth lens and the sixth lens satisfy the following expressions:
Vd4+Vd6>120,
ΔPg, F4+ΔPg, F6>0.03,
wherein Vd4 and Vd6 respectively represent an Abbe number of the fourth lens and the sixth lens, ΔPg, F4 represents a deviation of relative partial dispersion from the Abbe empirical formula of the fourth lens, and ΔPg, F6 represents a deviation of relative partial dispersion from the Abbe empirical formula of the sixth lens, 4. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 1, wherein the fourth lens and the sixth lens satisfy the following expressions:
Vd4+Vd6>120, ΔPg, F4+ΔPg, F6>0.03,
wherein Vd4 and Vd6 respectively represent an Abbe number of the fourth lens and the sixth lens, ΔPg, F4 represents a deviation of relative partial dispersion from the Abbe empirical formula of the fourth lens, and ΔPg, F6 represents a deviation of relative partial dispersion from the Abbe empirical formula of the sixth lens, 5. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens group satisfies the following expression:
1.2<1H/θ<1.6,
wherein θ represents a half field angle of the optical imaging lens group, and 1 H represents an image height of the optical imaging lens group when the half field angle is θ. 6. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens group satisfies the following expression:
Fno<1.8, wherein Fno represents an F number of the optical imaging lens group, and a reciprocal of the F number is a relative aperture of the optical imaging lens group. 7. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 1, wherein the second lens satisfies the following expression:
0<r3/r4<1, wherein r3 represents a radius of curvature of an object side surface of the second lens, and r4 represents a radius of curvature of an image side surface of the second lens. 8. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 7, wherein the second lens further satisfies the following expression:
1<f2/r4<5, wherein f2 represents a focal length of the second lens, and r4 represents a radius of curvature of the image side surface of the second lens. 9. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 1, wherein the second lens further satisfies the following expression:
1<f2/r4<5, wherein f2 represents a focal length of the second lens, and r4 represents a radius of curvature of the image side surface of the second lens. 10. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 1, wherein the sixth lens satisfies the following expression:
−1.5<f6/r11<0,
wherein f6 represents a focal length of the sixth lens, and r11 represents a radius of curvature of the image side surface of the sixth lens. 11. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 1, wherein the fourth lens and the fifth lens satisfy the following expression:
20<Vd4−Vd5<40, wherein Vd4 represents an Abbe number of the fourth lens, and Vd5 represents an Abbe number of the fifth lens. 12. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 1, wherein the first lens, the third lens, the fourth lens, and the fifth lens are glass spherical lenses, the second lens and the sixth lens are glass aspherical lenses. 13. A vehicle camera, comprising an image sensor and an optical imaging lens group, the image sensor being configured to convert optical images formed by the optical imaging lens group into electrical signals; from an object side to an imaging surface, the optical imaging lens group sequentially comprising:
a first lens having a negative refractive power and a convex surface facing the object side; a second lens having a negative refractive power and a convex surface facing the image side; an aperture stop; a third lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; a cemented doublet lens having a convex surface on the object side and a concave surface on the object side; a sixth lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; and a filter; wherein the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the cemented doublet lens, and the sixth lens are glass lenses. 14. The vehicle camera according to claim 13, wherein the cemented doublet lens comprising a fourth lens and a fifth lens, the fourth lens has a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; the fifth lens has a negative refractive power and two concave surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side, the fourth lens and the fifth lens forms the cemented doublet lens; the fourth lens and the sixth lens satisfy the following expressions:
0.1<φ4+φ6<0.2,
−10×10−6/° C.<(dn/dt)4<0,
−10×10−6/° C.<(dn/dt)6<−2×10−6/° C.,
where φ4 represents the refractive power of the fourth lens, (6 represents the refractive power of the sixth lens, (dn/dt)4 is a temperature coefficient of refractive index of the fourth lens, and (dn/dt)6 is a temperature coefficient of refractive index of the sixth lens. 15. The vehicle camera according to claim 14, wherein the fourth lens and the sixth lens satisfy the following expressions:
Vd4+Vd6>120, ΔPg, F4+ΔPg, F6>0.03,
wherein Vd4 and Vd6 respectively represent an Abbe number of the fourth lens and the sixth lens, ΔPg, F4 represents a deviation of a relative partial dispersion from the Abbe empirical formula of the fourth lens, and ΔPg, F6 represents a deviation of a relative partial dispersion from the Abbe empirical formula of the sixth lens. 16. The vehicle camera according to claim 14, wherein the fourth lens and the fifth lens satisfy the following expression:
20<Vd4−Vd5<40, wherein Vd4 represents an Abbe number of the fourth lens, and Vd5 represents an Abbe number of the fifth lens. 17. The vehicle camera according to claim 13, wherein the optical imaging lens group satisfies the following expression:
1.2<1H/θ<1.6,
wherein 0 represents a half field angle of the optical imaging lens group, and 1 H represents an image height of the optical imaging lens group when the half field angle is 0. 18. The vehicle camera according to claim 13, wherein the optical imaging lens group satisfies the following expression:
Fno<1.8, wherein Fno represents an F number of the optical imaging lens group, and a reciprocal of the F number is a relative aperture of the optical imaging lens group. 19. The vehicle camera according to claim 13, wherein the second lens satisfies the following expressions:
0<r3/r4<1, 1<f2/r4<5, wherein r3 represents a radius of curvature of an object side surface of the second lens, and r4 represents a radius of curvature of an image side surface of the second lens, f2 represents a focal length of the second lens. 20. A driving assistance system for assisting a driver in driving a vehicle, comprising:
an optical imaging lens group, mounted in the vehicle, from an object side to an image side, sequentially comprising:
a meniscus-shaped first lens having a negative refractive power and a convex surface facing the object side;
a meniscus-shaped second lens having a negative refractive power and a convex surface facing the image side;
an aperture stop;
a third lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side;
a fourth lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side;
a fifth lens having a negative refractive power and two concave surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side, and the fourth lens and the fifth lens forming a cemented doublet lens;
a sixth lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; and
a filter; wherein the fourth lens and the sixth lens satisfy the following expressions:
Vd4+Vd6>120,
ΔPg, F4+ΔPg, F6>0.03,
wherein Vd4 and Vd6 respectively represent an Abbe number of the fourth lens and the sixth lens, ΔPg, F4 represents a deviation of a relative partial dispersion from the Abbe empirical formula of the fourth lens, and ΔPg, F6 represents a deviation of a relative partial dispersion from the Abbe empirical formula of the sixth lens; and an image sensor, corresponding to the optical imaging lens group, configured to convert optical images formed by the optical imaging lens group into electrical signals. | 2,800 |
349,496 | 16,807,069 | 2,831 | Systems and methods for determining parameters of devices that may have influenced generated content, and appending values of these parameters to the generated content for the benefit of other users. Devices near the location at which the content was generated may be selected, and parameters of these devices may be retrieved. These device parameters are often relevant to the generated content. Accordingly, the retrieved parameter values may be appended to the generated content for transmission along with the content. In this manner, other users may view both the content and the parameters of nearby devices that may have influenced the setting of the content, assisting users in, for example, recreating the content or its subject matter for themselves. | 1. A method of obtaining environmental parameters associated with content, the method comprising:
receiving, at a controller, an indication of electronic content from a user device; determining, at the controller, one or more other electronic devices proximate to the user device; retrieving, at the controller, from the one or more other electronic devices, values of one or more device parameters corresponding to the electronic content, wherein the retrieved device parameters comprise blind open/close settings; associating the retrieved device parameter values with the electronic content; and storing the retrieved device parameter values associated with the electronic content in a database. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises transmitting the electronic content and the associated retrieved device parameter values to one or more additional electronic devices. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the transmitting further comprises sharing the electronic content and the associated retrieved device parameter values as a social media post. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a context of the electronic content, and selecting the one or more device parameter values according to the determined context. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the determining a context further comprises determining the context using one or more machine learning models. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more other electronic devices comprise one or more Internet of Things devices. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured for electronic communication with the one or more other electronic devices over an electronic communications network. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the other electronic devices are devices of the electronic communications network. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the electronic communications network is one or more of a local area network (LAN), a personal area network (PAN), a wireless ad hoc network (WANET), or a mobile ad hoc network (MANET). 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the associating further comprises associating the retrieved device parameter values as metadata of the electronic content. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
the stored device parameters from the database; and transmitting at least one of the stored device parameters and the electronic content for display of the at least one of the stored device parameters along with display of the electronic content. 12. A system for obtaining environmental parameters associated with content, the system comprising:
a storage device; and control circuitry configured to:
receive, at a controller, an indication of electronic content from a user device;
determine, at the controller, one or more other electronic devices proximate to the user device;
retrieve, at the controller, from the one or more other electronic devices, values of one or more device parameters corresponding to the electronic content, wherein the retrieved device parameters comprise blind open/close settings;
associate the retrieved device parameter values with the electronic content; and
store the retrieved device parameter values associated with the electronic content in a database. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to transmit the electronic content and the associated retrieved device parameter values to one or more additional electronic devices. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the transmitting further comprises sharing the electronic content and the associated retrieved device parameter values as a social media post. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to determine a context of the electronic content, and selecting the one or more device parameter values according to the determined context. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the determining a context further comprises determining the context using one or more machine learning models. 17. The system of claim 12, wherein the one or more other electronic devices comprise one or more Internet of Things devices. 18. The system of claim 12, wherein the controller is configured for electronic communication with the one or more other electronic devices over an electronic communications network. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the other electronic devices are devices of the electronic communications network. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein the electronic communications network is one or more of a local area network (LAN), a personal area network (PAN), a wireless ad hoc network (WANET), or a mobile ad hoc network (MANET). 21. The system of claim 12, wherein the associating further comprises associating the retrieved device parameter values as metadata of the electronic content. 22. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
retrieve the stored device parameters from the database; and transmit at least one of the stored device parameters and the electronic content for display of the at least one of the stored device parameters along with display of the electronic content. 23.-33. (canceled) | Systems and methods for determining parameters of devices that may have influenced generated content, and appending values of these parameters to the generated content for the benefit of other users. Devices near the location at which the content was generated may be selected, and parameters of these devices may be retrieved. These device parameters are often relevant to the generated content. Accordingly, the retrieved parameter values may be appended to the generated content for transmission along with the content. In this manner, other users may view both the content and the parameters of nearby devices that may have influenced the setting of the content, assisting users in, for example, recreating the content or its subject matter for themselves.1. A method of obtaining environmental parameters associated with content, the method comprising:
receiving, at a controller, an indication of electronic content from a user device; determining, at the controller, one or more other electronic devices proximate to the user device; retrieving, at the controller, from the one or more other electronic devices, values of one or more device parameters corresponding to the electronic content, wherein the retrieved device parameters comprise blind open/close settings; associating the retrieved device parameter values with the electronic content; and storing the retrieved device parameter values associated with the electronic content in a database. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises transmitting the electronic content and the associated retrieved device parameter values to one or more additional electronic devices. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the transmitting further comprises sharing the electronic content and the associated retrieved device parameter values as a social media post. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a context of the electronic content, and selecting the one or more device parameter values according to the determined context. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the determining a context further comprises determining the context using one or more machine learning models. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more other electronic devices comprise one or more Internet of Things devices. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured for electronic communication with the one or more other electronic devices over an electronic communications network. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the other electronic devices are devices of the electronic communications network. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the electronic communications network is one or more of a local area network (LAN), a personal area network (PAN), a wireless ad hoc network (WANET), or a mobile ad hoc network (MANET). 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the associating further comprises associating the retrieved device parameter values as metadata of the electronic content. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
the stored device parameters from the database; and transmitting at least one of the stored device parameters and the electronic content for display of the at least one of the stored device parameters along with display of the electronic content. 12. A system for obtaining environmental parameters associated with content, the system comprising:
a storage device; and control circuitry configured to:
receive, at a controller, an indication of electronic content from a user device;
determine, at the controller, one or more other electronic devices proximate to the user device;
retrieve, at the controller, from the one or more other electronic devices, values of one or more device parameters corresponding to the electronic content, wherein the retrieved device parameters comprise blind open/close settings;
associate the retrieved device parameter values with the electronic content; and
store the retrieved device parameter values associated with the electronic content in a database. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to transmit the electronic content and the associated retrieved device parameter values to one or more additional electronic devices. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the transmitting further comprises sharing the electronic content and the associated retrieved device parameter values as a social media post. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to determine a context of the electronic content, and selecting the one or more device parameter values according to the determined context. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the determining a context further comprises determining the context using one or more machine learning models. 17. The system of claim 12, wherein the one or more other electronic devices comprise one or more Internet of Things devices. 18. The system of claim 12, wherein the controller is configured for electronic communication with the one or more other electronic devices over an electronic communications network. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the other electronic devices are devices of the electronic communications network. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein the electronic communications network is one or more of a local area network (LAN), a personal area network (PAN), a wireless ad hoc network (WANET), or a mobile ad hoc network (MANET). 21. The system of claim 12, wherein the associating further comprises associating the retrieved device parameter values as metadata of the electronic content. 22. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
retrieve the stored device parameters from the database; and transmit at least one of the stored device parameters and the electronic content for display of the at least one of the stored device parameters along with display of the electronic content. 23.-33. (canceled) | 2,800 |
349,497 | 16,807,088 | 2,831 | Disclosed are a method and a device for generating a filled pause detection model using a small amount of speech data included in a new domain in a 5G communication environment by executing artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms and/or machine learning algorithms provided therein. According to the present disclosure, the filled pause detection model generating method for a new domain may include constructing a filled pause detection model for the new domain, determining the initial model parameter for the filled pause detection model for the new domain by combining model parameters for filled pause detection models of a plurality of existing domains, and training the filled pause detection model of the new domain in which initial model parameter is set, using speech data from the new domain as training data. | 1. A filled pause detection model generating method for a new domain, comprising:
constructing a filled pause detection model of the new domain; determining an initial model parameter for the filled pause detection model of the new domain by combining model parameters for filled pause detection models of a plurality of existing domains; and training the filled pause detection model of the new domain in which the initial model parameter is set, using speech data from the new domain as training data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the filled pause detection models of the plurality of existing domains comprise a first filled pause detection model of a first domain to an Nth filled pause detection model of an Nth domain,
the first filled pause detection model is trained with speech data from the first domain and the Nth filled pause detection model is trained with speech data from the Nth domain, each of the speech data from the first domain to Nth domain comprises first speech data that comprises a filled pause generated in each domain, and second speech data that does not comprise a filled pause generated in each domain, and the first speech data is labeled as speech data that comprises a filled pause, and the second speech data is labeled as speech data that does not comprise a filled pause. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the model parameter is determined using a Reptile algorithm among meta-learning algorithms. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining comprises:
sampling any one of the plurality of existing domains; training the filled pause detection model of the domain using speech data comprised in the sampled domain as training data; repeating the sampling and the training a predetermined number of times; and determining the initial model parameter based on the plurality of model parameters obtained as a result of repeating the sampling and the training the predetermined number of times. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the determining the initial model parameter comprises determining an average calculation result of the plurality of model parameters as the initial model parameter. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the training the filled pause detection model of the new domain comprises:
extracting features of the training data; classifying the training data into data comprising a filled pause and data not comprising a filled pause, using, as input, the extracted features of the training data; calculating a loss function representing a difference between an estimated value that is generated as a result of the classification and a target value; and optimizing a weight to minimize the loss function. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the extracting features of the training data comprises extracting the features by applying a log-mel spectrogram algorithm to the training data. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the optimizing comprises optimizing the weight using a stochastic gradient descent algorithm. 9. A computer-readable recording medium storing a computer program for executing the method of claim 1 using a computer. 10. A filled pause detection model generating device for a new domain, comprising:
a constitutor configured to construct a filled pause detection model for the new domain; a determiner configured to determine an initial model parameter for the filled pause detection model of the new domain by combining model parameters for filled pause detection models of a plurality of existing domains; and a trainer configured to train the filled pause detection model of the new domain in which the initial model parameter is set, using speech data from the new domain as training data. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the filled pause detection models of the plurality of existing domains comprise a first filled pause detection model of a first domain to an Nth filled pause detection model of an Nth domain,
the first filled pause detection model is trained with speech data from the first domain and the Nth filled pause detection model is trained with speech data from the Nth domain, each of the speech data from the first domain to Nth domain comprises first speech data that comprises a filled pause generated in each domain, and second speech data that does not comprise a filled pause generated in each domain, and the first speech data is labeled as speech data that comprises a filled pause, and the second speech data is labeled as speech data that does not comprise a filled pause. 12. The device of claim 10, wherein the model parameter is determined using a Reptile algorithm among meta-learning algorithms. 13. The device of claim 10, wherein the determiner is further configured to:
sample any one of the plurality of existing domains; train the filled pause detection model of the domain using speech data comprised in the sampled domain as training data; repeat the sampling of the domain and the training of the domain a predetermined number of times; and determine the initial model parameter based on the plurality of model parameters obtained as a result of repeating the sampling of the domain and the training of the domain the predetermined number of times. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the determiner is further configured to determine an average calculation result of the plurality of model parameters as the initial model parameter. 15. The device of claim 10, wherein the trainer is further configured to:
extract features of the training data when training the filled pause detection model of the new domain; classify the training data into data comprising a filled pause and data not comprising a filled pause, using the extracted features of the training data as input; calculate a loss function representing a difference between an estimated value that is generated as a result of the classification and a target value; and optimize a weight to minimize the loss function. 16. The device of claim 15, wherein the determiner is further configured to extract the features by applying a log-mel spectrogram algorithm to the training data. 17. The device of claim 15, wherein the determiner is further configured to optimize the weight using a stochastic gradient descent algorithm. | Disclosed are a method and a device for generating a filled pause detection model using a small amount of speech data included in a new domain in a 5G communication environment by executing artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms and/or machine learning algorithms provided therein. According to the present disclosure, the filled pause detection model generating method for a new domain may include constructing a filled pause detection model for the new domain, determining the initial model parameter for the filled pause detection model for the new domain by combining model parameters for filled pause detection models of a plurality of existing domains, and training the filled pause detection model of the new domain in which initial model parameter is set, using speech data from the new domain as training data.1. A filled pause detection model generating method for a new domain, comprising:
constructing a filled pause detection model of the new domain; determining an initial model parameter for the filled pause detection model of the new domain by combining model parameters for filled pause detection models of a plurality of existing domains; and training the filled pause detection model of the new domain in which the initial model parameter is set, using speech data from the new domain as training data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the filled pause detection models of the plurality of existing domains comprise a first filled pause detection model of a first domain to an Nth filled pause detection model of an Nth domain,
the first filled pause detection model is trained with speech data from the first domain and the Nth filled pause detection model is trained with speech data from the Nth domain, each of the speech data from the first domain to Nth domain comprises first speech data that comprises a filled pause generated in each domain, and second speech data that does not comprise a filled pause generated in each domain, and the first speech data is labeled as speech data that comprises a filled pause, and the second speech data is labeled as speech data that does not comprise a filled pause. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the model parameter is determined using a Reptile algorithm among meta-learning algorithms. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining comprises:
sampling any one of the plurality of existing domains; training the filled pause detection model of the domain using speech data comprised in the sampled domain as training data; repeating the sampling and the training a predetermined number of times; and determining the initial model parameter based on the plurality of model parameters obtained as a result of repeating the sampling and the training the predetermined number of times. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the determining the initial model parameter comprises determining an average calculation result of the plurality of model parameters as the initial model parameter. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the training the filled pause detection model of the new domain comprises:
extracting features of the training data; classifying the training data into data comprising a filled pause and data not comprising a filled pause, using, as input, the extracted features of the training data; calculating a loss function representing a difference between an estimated value that is generated as a result of the classification and a target value; and optimizing a weight to minimize the loss function. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the extracting features of the training data comprises extracting the features by applying a log-mel spectrogram algorithm to the training data. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the optimizing comprises optimizing the weight using a stochastic gradient descent algorithm. 9. A computer-readable recording medium storing a computer program for executing the method of claim 1 using a computer. 10. A filled pause detection model generating device for a new domain, comprising:
a constitutor configured to construct a filled pause detection model for the new domain; a determiner configured to determine an initial model parameter for the filled pause detection model of the new domain by combining model parameters for filled pause detection models of a plurality of existing domains; and a trainer configured to train the filled pause detection model of the new domain in which the initial model parameter is set, using speech data from the new domain as training data. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the filled pause detection models of the plurality of existing domains comprise a first filled pause detection model of a first domain to an Nth filled pause detection model of an Nth domain,
the first filled pause detection model is trained with speech data from the first domain and the Nth filled pause detection model is trained with speech data from the Nth domain, each of the speech data from the first domain to Nth domain comprises first speech data that comprises a filled pause generated in each domain, and second speech data that does not comprise a filled pause generated in each domain, and the first speech data is labeled as speech data that comprises a filled pause, and the second speech data is labeled as speech data that does not comprise a filled pause. 12. The device of claim 10, wherein the model parameter is determined using a Reptile algorithm among meta-learning algorithms. 13. The device of claim 10, wherein the determiner is further configured to:
sample any one of the plurality of existing domains; train the filled pause detection model of the domain using speech data comprised in the sampled domain as training data; repeat the sampling of the domain and the training of the domain a predetermined number of times; and determine the initial model parameter based on the plurality of model parameters obtained as a result of repeating the sampling of the domain and the training of the domain the predetermined number of times. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the determiner is further configured to determine an average calculation result of the plurality of model parameters as the initial model parameter. 15. The device of claim 10, wherein the trainer is further configured to:
extract features of the training data when training the filled pause detection model of the new domain; classify the training data into data comprising a filled pause and data not comprising a filled pause, using the extracted features of the training data as input; calculate a loss function representing a difference between an estimated value that is generated as a result of the classification and a target value; and optimize a weight to minimize the loss function. 16. The device of claim 15, wherein the determiner is further configured to extract the features by applying a log-mel spectrogram algorithm to the training data. 17. The device of claim 15, wherein the determiner is further configured to optimize the weight using a stochastic gradient descent algorithm. | 2,800 |
349,498 | 16,807,095 | 1,723 | Provided are a sulfide-based lithium-argyrodite ion superconductor containing multiple chalcogen elements and a method for preparing the same. More specifically, provided are a sulfide-based lithium-argyrodite ion superconductor containing multiple chalcogen elements and a method for preparing the same that are capable of significantly improving lithium ion conductivity by substituting a sulfur (S) element in a PS4 3- tetrahedron with a chalcogen element such as a selenium (Se) element, other than the sulfur (S) element, while maintaining an argyrodite-type crystal structure of a sulfide-based solid electrolyte represented by Li6PS5Cl. | 1. A lithium-ion-conducting sulfide-based solid electrolyte represented by the following Formula 1 and having an argyrodite-type crystal structure:
Li6-bPS4.5-b-aYaX1+b [Formula 1]
wherein X comprises a halogen element selected from the group consisting of fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) and iodine (I) elements and combinations thereof; Y comprises a chalcogen element selected from the group consisting of oxygen (O), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te) and combinations thereof; and a and b satisfy the expressions 0<a≤1 and 0<b≤1. 2. The lithium-ion-conducting sulfide-based solid electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the sulfide-based solid electrolyte has peaks in ranges of 2θ=15.78°±0.50°, 18.21°±0.50°, 25.73°±0.50°, 30.20°±0.50°, 31.56°±0.50°, 39.98±1.00°, 45.09°±1.00°, 47.93°±1.00°, 52.50°±1.00° and 59.20±1.00° when measuring X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns using a CuKα-ray. 3. The lithium-ion-conducting sulfide-based solid electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the sulfide-based solid electrolyte has a distribution of anionic clusters of PS4 3-, PS3Se3- and PS2Se2 3-. 4. The lithium-ion-conducting sulfide-based solid electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the sulfide-based solid electrolyte has peaks in ranges of −12.7±1.50 ppm to −6.3±1.50 ppm, 31.9±1.50 ppm to 34.7±1.50 ppm, and 73.65±1.50 ppm to 75.5±1.50 ppm in a 31P-NMR spectrum. 5. The lithium-ion-conducting sulfide-based solid electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the sulfide-based solid electrolyte satisfies the following Equation 1:
0.00<I35/I75<0.60 [Equation 1]
wherein I35 is an intensity of a 31P-NMR spectrum peak at about 35 ppm; and I75 is an intensity of a 31P-NMR spectrum peak at about 75 ppm. 6. The lithium-ion-conducting sulfide-based solid electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the sulfide-based solid electrolyte satisfies the following Equation 2:
0.00<I−10/I75<0.16 [Equation 2]
wherein I−10 is an intensity of a 31P-NMR spectrum peak at about −10 ppm; and I75 is an intensity of a 31P-NMR spectrum peak at about 75 ppm. 7. The lithium-ion-conducting sulfide-based solid electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein a Raman peak is downshifted compared to a compound having no Y substitution, and the downshift is a decrease in a wave number of 429 cm−1 to 426 cm−1. 8. The lithium-ion-conducting sulfide-based solid electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the sulfide-based solid electrolyte satisfies the following Equation 3:
0.00<I377/I427<0.45 [Equation 3]
wherein I377 is an intensity of a Raman spectrum peak at about 377 cm−1; and I427 is an intensity of a Raman spectrum peak at about 427 cm−1. 9. The lithium-ion-conducting sulfide-based solid electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the sulfide-based solid electrolyte satisfies the following Equation 4:
0.00≤I327/I427<0.15 [Equation 4]
wherein I327 is an intensity of a Raman spectrum peak at about 327 cm−1; and I427 is an intensity of a Raman spectrum peak at about 427 cm−1. 10. A method for preparing a lithium-ion-conducting sulfide-based solid electrolyte comprising:
preparing a mixture containing lithium sulfide (Li2S), diphosphorus pentasulfide (P2S5) and lithium halide (LiX); and grinding the mixture, wherein the grinding of the mixture comprises adding a chalcogen element selected from the group consisting of oxygen (O), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te) and a combination thereof, and elemental-substance phosphorus to the mixture to substitute some of the sulfur element with the chalcogen element, as shown in the following Formula 1:
Li6-bPS4.5-b-aYaX1+b [Formula 1]
wherein X comprises a halogen element selected from the group consisting of fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) and iodine (I) elements and combinations thereof; Y comprises a chalcogen element selected from the group consisting of oxygen (O), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), and combinations thereof; and a and b satisfy the expressions 0<a≤1 and 0<b≤1. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the lithium-ion-conducting sulfide-based solid electrolyte has an argyrodite-type crystal structure. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the grinding comprises applying a force of 38G or more to the mixture. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the method further comprises heat-treating the ground mixture at a temperature of 300° C. to 1,000° C. for 10 seconds to 100 hours. | Provided are a sulfide-based lithium-argyrodite ion superconductor containing multiple chalcogen elements and a method for preparing the same. More specifically, provided are a sulfide-based lithium-argyrodite ion superconductor containing multiple chalcogen elements and a method for preparing the same that are capable of significantly improving lithium ion conductivity by substituting a sulfur (S) element in a PS4 3- tetrahedron with a chalcogen element such as a selenium (Se) element, other than the sulfur (S) element, while maintaining an argyrodite-type crystal structure of a sulfide-based solid electrolyte represented by Li6PS5Cl.1. A lithium-ion-conducting sulfide-based solid electrolyte represented by the following Formula 1 and having an argyrodite-type crystal structure:
Li6-bPS4.5-b-aYaX1+b [Formula 1]
wherein X comprises a halogen element selected from the group consisting of fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) and iodine (I) elements and combinations thereof; Y comprises a chalcogen element selected from the group consisting of oxygen (O), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te) and combinations thereof; and a and b satisfy the expressions 0<a≤1 and 0<b≤1. 2. The lithium-ion-conducting sulfide-based solid electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the sulfide-based solid electrolyte has peaks in ranges of 2θ=15.78°±0.50°, 18.21°±0.50°, 25.73°±0.50°, 30.20°±0.50°, 31.56°±0.50°, 39.98±1.00°, 45.09°±1.00°, 47.93°±1.00°, 52.50°±1.00° and 59.20±1.00° when measuring X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns using a CuKα-ray. 3. The lithium-ion-conducting sulfide-based solid electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the sulfide-based solid electrolyte has a distribution of anionic clusters of PS4 3-, PS3Se3- and PS2Se2 3-. 4. The lithium-ion-conducting sulfide-based solid electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the sulfide-based solid electrolyte has peaks in ranges of −12.7±1.50 ppm to −6.3±1.50 ppm, 31.9±1.50 ppm to 34.7±1.50 ppm, and 73.65±1.50 ppm to 75.5±1.50 ppm in a 31P-NMR spectrum. 5. The lithium-ion-conducting sulfide-based solid electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the sulfide-based solid electrolyte satisfies the following Equation 1:
0.00<I35/I75<0.60 [Equation 1]
wherein I35 is an intensity of a 31P-NMR spectrum peak at about 35 ppm; and I75 is an intensity of a 31P-NMR spectrum peak at about 75 ppm. 6. The lithium-ion-conducting sulfide-based solid electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the sulfide-based solid electrolyte satisfies the following Equation 2:
0.00<I−10/I75<0.16 [Equation 2]
wherein I−10 is an intensity of a 31P-NMR spectrum peak at about −10 ppm; and I75 is an intensity of a 31P-NMR spectrum peak at about 75 ppm. 7. The lithium-ion-conducting sulfide-based solid electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein a Raman peak is downshifted compared to a compound having no Y substitution, and the downshift is a decrease in a wave number of 429 cm−1 to 426 cm−1. 8. The lithium-ion-conducting sulfide-based solid electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the sulfide-based solid electrolyte satisfies the following Equation 3:
0.00<I377/I427<0.45 [Equation 3]
wherein I377 is an intensity of a Raman spectrum peak at about 377 cm−1; and I427 is an intensity of a Raman spectrum peak at about 427 cm−1. 9. The lithium-ion-conducting sulfide-based solid electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the sulfide-based solid electrolyte satisfies the following Equation 4:
0.00≤I327/I427<0.15 [Equation 4]
wherein I327 is an intensity of a Raman spectrum peak at about 327 cm−1; and I427 is an intensity of a Raman spectrum peak at about 427 cm−1. 10. A method for preparing a lithium-ion-conducting sulfide-based solid electrolyte comprising:
preparing a mixture containing lithium sulfide (Li2S), diphosphorus pentasulfide (P2S5) and lithium halide (LiX); and grinding the mixture, wherein the grinding of the mixture comprises adding a chalcogen element selected from the group consisting of oxygen (O), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te) and a combination thereof, and elemental-substance phosphorus to the mixture to substitute some of the sulfur element with the chalcogen element, as shown in the following Formula 1:
Li6-bPS4.5-b-aYaX1+b [Formula 1]
wherein X comprises a halogen element selected from the group consisting of fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) and iodine (I) elements and combinations thereof; Y comprises a chalcogen element selected from the group consisting of oxygen (O), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), and combinations thereof; and a and b satisfy the expressions 0<a≤1 and 0<b≤1. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the lithium-ion-conducting sulfide-based solid electrolyte has an argyrodite-type crystal structure. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the grinding comprises applying a force of 38G or more to the mixture. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the method further comprises heat-treating the ground mixture at a temperature of 300° C. to 1,000° C. for 10 seconds to 100 hours. | 1,700 |
349,499 | 16,807,124 | 1,655 | Compositions, methods, and kits for cleansing, moisturizing, soothing, cooling, such as those, for example, that may be used to cleanse, moisturize, soothe, and cool the body or portions thereof. | 1. A composition, comprising:
water at about 50% or greater by volume of the composition; one or more surfactant agents; one or more naturally occurring or naturally derived cleansing agents at about 5% or greater by volume of the composition; and at least one preservative at about 0.5-2% by volume of the composition; where the composition is configured to cleanse the skin of a subject; where the composition comprises a viscosity of less than or equal to about 100 millipascal-seconds at room temperature; where at least 95% of the ingredients in the composition are naturally occurring or naturally derived; where at least one ingredient in the composition is configured to at least one of remove, reduce, and prevent microbial or bacteria growth; where the composition is substantially liquid such that it can be atomized by a spraying device without creating a blockage in the spraying device that substantially prevents exit of the composition; and where the composition is a rinse-free composition. 2. The composition of claim 1, where the composition comprises at least one of aloe vera leaf juice and aloe vera oil. 3. The composition of claim 1, where a viscosity of the composition comprises less than or equal to approximately 20 millipascal-seconds at room temperature. 4. The composition of claim 1, where each of the ingredients in the composition are naturally occurring or naturally derived. 5. The composition of claim 1, where one of the one or more naturally occurring or naturally derived cleansing agents comprises witch hazel. 6. The composition of claim 1, where the at least one ingredient in the composition that is configured to at least one of remove, reduce, and prevent microbial or bacteria growth is a different ingredient than the one or more naturally occurring or naturally derived cleansing agents. 7. The composition of claim 1, where the at least one ingredient in the composition that is configured to at least one of remove, reduce, and prevent microbial or bacteria growth prevents microbial or bacteria growth. 8. The composition of claim 1, where the at least one ingredient in the composition that is configured to at least one of remove, reduce, and prevent microbial or bacteria growth is naturally occurring or naturally derived. 9. The composition of claim 8, where the at least one ingredient in the composition that is configured to at least one of remove, reduce, and prevent microbial or bacteria growth further comprises surfactant properties and solubilizer properties. 10. A composition, comprising:
water at about 50% or greater by volume of the composition; one or more surfactant agents; and at least one ingredient configured to at least one of remove, reduce, and prevent microbial or bacteria growth; where the composition is configured to cleanse the skin of a subject; where the composition comprises a viscosity of less than or equal to about 100 millipascal-seconds at room temperature; where the at least one ingredient in the composition that is configured to at least one of remove, reduce, and prevent microbial or bacteria growth is naturally occurring or naturally derived; where the composition is substantially liquid such that it can be atomized by a spraying device without creating a blockage in the spraying device that substantially prevents exit of the composition; and where the composition is a rinse-free composition. 11. The composition of claim 10, where the composition further comprises at least one oil at 1% or greater by volume of the composition. 12. The composition of claim 10, where each ingredient in the composition is naturally occurring or naturally derived. 13. The composition of claim 10, further comprising:
at least one preservative; where the at least one preservative is naturally occurring or naturally derived. 14. The composition of claim 10, further comprising:
at least one cleansing agent at 3% or greater by volume of the composition; where the at least one cleansing agent is different from the at least one ingredient configured to at least one of remove, reduce, and prevent microbial or bacteria growth. 15. The composition of claim 10, where the at least one ingredient configured to at least one of remove, reduce, and prevent microbial or bacteria growth further comprises surfactant properties and preservative-boosting properties. 16. The composition of claim 10, further comprising:
at least one lubricant. 17. The composition of claim 10, where the composition further comprises:
at least one fragrance that is naturally occurring or naturally derived. 18. The composition of claim 10, where the at least one ingredient in the composition that is configured to at least one of remove, reduce, and prevent microbial or bacteria growth prevents microbial or bacteria growth. 19. A method, comprising:
preparing a composition comprising:
water at about 50% or greater by volume of the composition;
one or more surfactant agents; and
at least one ingredient configured to at least one of remove, reduce, and prevent microbial or bacteria growth;
where the composition is configured to cleanse the skin of a subject;
where the composition comprises a viscosity of less than or equal to about 100 millipascal-seconds at room temperature;
where the at least one ingredient in the composition that is configured to at least one of remove, reduce, and prevent microbial or bacteria growth is naturally occurring or naturally derived;
where the composition is substantially liquid such that it can be atomized by a spraying device without creating a blockage in the spraying device that substantially prevents exit of the composition; and
where the composition is a rinse-free composition;
disposing the composition in a spray bottle; and spraying the composition. 20. The method of claim 19, where each ingredient in the composition is naturally occurring or naturally derived. | Compositions, methods, and kits for cleansing, moisturizing, soothing, cooling, such as those, for example, that may be used to cleanse, moisturize, soothe, and cool the body or portions thereof.1. A composition, comprising:
water at about 50% or greater by volume of the composition; one or more surfactant agents; one or more naturally occurring or naturally derived cleansing agents at about 5% or greater by volume of the composition; and at least one preservative at about 0.5-2% by volume of the composition; where the composition is configured to cleanse the skin of a subject; where the composition comprises a viscosity of less than or equal to about 100 millipascal-seconds at room temperature; where at least 95% of the ingredients in the composition are naturally occurring or naturally derived; where at least one ingredient in the composition is configured to at least one of remove, reduce, and prevent microbial or bacteria growth; where the composition is substantially liquid such that it can be atomized by a spraying device without creating a blockage in the spraying device that substantially prevents exit of the composition; and where the composition is a rinse-free composition. 2. The composition of claim 1, where the composition comprises at least one of aloe vera leaf juice and aloe vera oil. 3. The composition of claim 1, where a viscosity of the composition comprises less than or equal to approximately 20 millipascal-seconds at room temperature. 4. The composition of claim 1, where each of the ingredients in the composition are naturally occurring or naturally derived. 5. The composition of claim 1, where one of the one or more naturally occurring or naturally derived cleansing agents comprises witch hazel. 6. The composition of claim 1, where the at least one ingredient in the composition that is configured to at least one of remove, reduce, and prevent microbial or bacteria growth is a different ingredient than the one or more naturally occurring or naturally derived cleansing agents. 7. The composition of claim 1, where the at least one ingredient in the composition that is configured to at least one of remove, reduce, and prevent microbial or bacteria growth prevents microbial or bacteria growth. 8. The composition of claim 1, where the at least one ingredient in the composition that is configured to at least one of remove, reduce, and prevent microbial or bacteria growth is naturally occurring or naturally derived. 9. The composition of claim 8, where the at least one ingredient in the composition that is configured to at least one of remove, reduce, and prevent microbial or bacteria growth further comprises surfactant properties and solubilizer properties. 10. A composition, comprising:
water at about 50% or greater by volume of the composition; one or more surfactant agents; and at least one ingredient configured to at least one of remove, reduce, and prevent microbial or bacteria growth; where the composition is configured to cleanse the skin of a subject; where the composition comprises a viscosity of less than or equal to about 100 millipascal-seconds at room temperature; where the at least one ingredient in the composition that is configured to at least one of remove, reduce, and prevent microbial or bacteria growth is naturally occurring or naturally derived; where the composition is substantially liquid such that it can be atomized by a spraying device without creating a blockage in the spraying device that substantially prevents exit of the composition; and where the composition is a rinse-free composition. 11. The composition of claim 10, where the composition further comprises at least one oil at 1% or greater by volume of the composition. 12. The composition of claim 10, where each ingredient in the composition is naturally occurring or naturally derived. 13. The composition of claim 10, further comprising:
at least one preservative; where the at least one preservative is naturally occurring or naturally derived. 14. The composition of claim 10, further comprising:
at least one cleansing agent at 3% or greater by volume of the composition; where the at least one cleansing agent is different from the at least one ingredient configured to at least one of remove, reduce, and prevent microbial or bacteria growth. 15. The composition of claim 10, where the at least one ingredient configured to at least one of remove, reduce, and prevent microbial or bacteria growth further comprises surfactant properties and preservative-boosting properties. 16. The composition of claim 10, further comprising:
at least one lubricant. 17. The composition of claim 10, where the composition further comprises:
at least one fragrance that is naturally occurring or naturally derived. 18. The composition of claim 10, where the at least one ingredient in the composition that is configured to at least one of remove, reduce, and prevent microbial or bacteria growth prevents microbial or bacteria growth. 19. A method, comprising:
preparing a composition comprising:
water at about 50% or greater by volume of the composition;
one or more surfactant agents; and
at least one ingredient configured to at least one of remove, reduce, and prevent microbial or bacteria growth;
where the composition is configured to cleanse the skin of a subject;
where the composition comprises a viscosity of less than or equal to about 100 millipascal-seconds at room temperature;
where the at least one ingredient in the composition that is configured to at least one of remove, reduce, and prevent microbial or bacteria growth is naturally occurring or naturally derived;
where the composition is substantially liquid such that it can be atomized by a spraying device without creating a blockage in the spraying device that substantially prevents exit of the composition; and
where the composition is a rinse-free composition;
disposing the composition in a spray bottle; and spraying the composition. 20. The method of claim 19, where each ingredient in the composition is naturally occurring or naturally derived. | 1,600 |
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