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349,500 | 16,807,116 | 1,762 | Compositions comprising renewable source derived polymer oil polymerization macroinitiators and multiblock polymer compositions derived therefrom by atom transfer radical polymerization are disclosed. Hard, glossy multiblock copolymers, thermoset multiblock copolymers, thermoplastic block copolymer elastomers, and methods of making and using these types of materials are disclosed. | 1. A method of making a thermoplastic polymer block suitable for polymerization with one or more other, different polymer blocks or suitable for use as a thermoplastic elastomer without combination with one or more other, different monomers or polymer blocks, comprising:
providing a polymerization macroinitiator in the form of at least one halogenated polymer oil selected from the group consisting of: a halogenated heat-bodied, renewable source-derived oil; a halogenated blown, renewable source-derived oil; a halogenated, renewable source-derived copolymer oil; a halogenated hydrogenated heat-bodied, renewable source-derived oil; a halogenated hydrogenated blown, renewable source-derived oil; a halogenated hydrogenated renewable source-derived copolymer oil; and combinations of any thereof; combining the polymerization macroinitiator with a suitable atom transfer radical polymerization catalyst in the form of a transition metal halide and with a solvent for the polymerization macroinitiator, but in the absence of any atom transfer radical polymerization initiator other than a polymerization macroinitiator as described above; and in solution, causing an atom transfer radical polymerization of the polymerization macroinitiator. 2. A method of making a copolymer, comprising:
combining:
a) a polymerization macroinitiator in the form of at least one halogenated polymer oil selected from the group consisting of: a halogenated heat-bodied, renewable source-derived oil; a halogenated blown, renewable source-derived oil; a halogenated, renewable source-derived copolymer oil; a halogenated hydrogenated heat-bodied, renewable source-derived oil; a halogenated hydrogenated blown, renewable source-derived oil; a halogenated hydrogenated renewable source-derived copolymer oil; and combinations of any thereof and/or
b) a thermoplastic polymer block made from such a polymerization macroinitiator according to the process of claim 1,
with
c) a radically polymerizable monomer and/or
d) a polymerized linear-chain or branched-chain polymer block comprised of repeating units of the radically polymerizable monomer or of units of two or more radically polymerizable monomers;
and with
a suitable atom transfer radical polymerization catalyst in the form of a transition metal halide and with a solvent for any of a), b), c) and d) present, but in the absence of any other atom transfer radical polymerization initiator, to form a solution comprised of a) and/or b), with c) and/or d), and with the atom transfer radical polymerization catalyst; and
causing an atom transfer radical polymerization to take place in the solution. | Compositions comprising renewable source derived polymer oil polymerization macroinitiators and multiblock polymer compositions derived therefrom by atom transfer radical polymerization are disclosed. Hard, glossy multiblock copolymers, thermoset multiblock copolymers, thermoplastic block copolymer elastomers, and methods of making and using these types of materials are disclosed.1. A method of making a thermoplastic polymer block suitable for polymerization with one or more other, different polymer blocks or suitable for use as a thermoplastic elastomer without combination with one or more other, different monomers or polymer blocks, comprising:
providing a polymerization macroinitiator in the form of at least one halogenated polymer oil selected from the group consisting of: a halogenated heat-bodied, renewable source-derived oil; a halogenated blown, renewable source-derived oil; a halogenated, renewable source-derived copolymer oil; a halogenated hydrogenated heat-bodied, renewable source-derived oil; a halogenated hydrogenated blown, renewable source-derived oil; a halogenated hydrogenated renewable source-derived copolymer oil; and combinations of any thereof; combining the polymerization macroinitiator with a suitable atom transfer radical polymerization catalyst in the form of a transition metal halide and with a solvent for the polymerization macroinitiator, but in the absence of any atom transfer radical polymerization initiator other than a polymerization macroinitiator as described above; and in solution, causing an atom transfer radical polymerization of the polymerization macroinitiator. 2. A method of making a copolymer, comprising:
combining:
a) a polymerization macroinitiator in the form of at least one halogenated polymer oil selected from the group consisting of: a halogenated heat-bodied, renewable source-derived oil; a halogenated blown, renewable source-derived oil; a halogenated, renewable source-derived copolymer oil; a halogenated hydrogenated heat-bodied, renewable source-derived oil; a halogenated hydrogenated blown, renewable source-derived oil; a halogenated hydrogenated renewable source-derived copolymer oil; and combinations of any thereof and/or
b) a thermoplastic polymer block made from such a polymerization macroinitiator according to the process of claim 1,
with
c) a radically polymerizable monomer and/or
d) a polymerized linear-chain or branched-chain polymer block comprised of repeating units of the radically polymerizable monomer or of units of two or more radically polymerizable monomers;
and with
a suitable atom transfer radical polymerization catalyst in the form of a transition metal halide and with a solvent for any of a), b), c) and d) present, but in the absence of any other atom transfer radical polymerization initiator, to form a solution comprised of a) and/or b), with c) and/or d), and with the atom transfer radical polymerization catalyst; and
causing an atom transfer radical polymerization to take place in the solution. | 1,700 |
349,501 | 16,807,078 | 1,762 | A semiconductor storage device includes first, second, and third transistors, first, second, and third bit lines connected to the first, second, and third transistors, a word line connected to the first, second, and third transistors, and a control circuit configured to perform a program operation for writing data to the second and third transistors, including raising a first voltage applied to the first bit line at a first timing, raising a second voltage applied to the word line at a second timing, raising a third voltage applied to the second bit line at a third timing, raising a fourth voltage applied to the third bit line at a fourth timing, and lowering the first voltage at a fifth timing. The first voltage is raised to a first predetermined voltage, and each of the third and fourth voltages is raised to a second predetermined voltage smaller than the first predetermined voltage. | 1. A semiconductor storage device comprising:
a plurality of memory transistors including first, second, and third memory transistors; a plurality of bit lines including first, second, and third bit lines electrically connected to the first, second, and third memory transistors, respectively; a word line electrically connected to the first, second, and third memory transistors; and a control circuit configured to perform a program operation to write data to the plurality of memory transistors, wherein the program operation for writing data to the second and third memory transistors includes
raising a first voltage applied to the first bit line at a first timing,
raising a second voltage applied to the word line at a second timing after the first timing,
raising a third voltage applied to the second bit line at a third timing after the second timing,
raising a fourth voltage applied to the third bit line at a fourth timing after the third timing, and
lowering the first voltage at a fifth timing after the fourth timing, and
the first voltage is raised to a first predetermined voltage, and each of the third and fourth voltages is raised to a second predetermined voltage that is smaller than the first predetermined voltage. 2. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the first predetermined voltage is a program inhibit voltage at which write to the first memory transistor is inhibited. 3. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a power supply electrode by which a power supply voltage is applied to the control circuit, wherein a current flowing through the power supply electrode rises at the third timing and falls before the fourth timing. 4. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 3, wherein:
the current flowing through the power supply electrode further rises at the fourth timing and falls before the fifth timing. 5. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the control circuit includes:
a plurality of transistors including first, second, and third transistors electrically connected to the first, second, and third bit lines, and
a plurality of latch circuits including first, second, and third latch circuits electrically connected to gate electrodes of the first, second, and third transistors, respectively, and
the program operation for writing data to the second and third memory transistors includes
raising or lowering a voltage applied to the first latch circuit at the first timing,
raising or lowering a voltage applied to the second latch circuit at the third timing, and
raising or lowering a voltage applied to the third latch circuit at the fourth timing. 6. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 5, wherein
at the first timing, the first latch circuit is set to a first state, and the second and third latch circuits are set to a second state, at the third timing, the first and second latch circuits are set to the first state, and the third latch circuit is set to the second state, and at the fourth timing, the first, second, and third latch circuits are set to the first state. 7. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the second voltage is raised to a third predetermined voltage between the first and second timings. 8. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 7, wherein
the second voltage is raised to a fourth predetermined voltage higher than the third predetermined voltage between the second and third timings. 9. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the semiconductor storage device is a memory die including the control circuit and a memory cell array on which the memory transistors, the bit lines, and the word line are arranged. 10. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 9, wherein
the control circuit includes a sense amplifier circuit connected to the bit lines and a row decoder circuit connected to the word line. 11. A method for a semiconductor storage device to write data to a plurality of memory transistors including first, second, and third memory transistors that are connected to a word line and are respectively connected to first, second, and third bit lines, the method comprising:
when writing data to the second and third memory transistors, performing a program operation including:
raising a first voltage applied to the first bit line at a first timing;
raising a second voltage applied to the word line at a second timing after the first timing;
raising a third voltage applied to the second bit line at a third timing after the second timing;
raising a fourth voltage applied to the third bit line at a fourth timing after the third timing; and
lowering the first voltage at a fifth timing after the fourth timing,
wherein the first voltage is raised to a first predetermined voltage, and each of the third and fourth voltages is raised to a second predetermined voltage that is smaller than the first predetermined voltage. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the first predetermined voltage is a program inhibit voltage at which write to the first memory transistor is inhibited. 13. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:
applying a power supply voltage to a control circuit of the semiconductor storage device via a power supply electrode such that a current flowing therethrough rises at the third timing and falls before the fourth timing. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein:
the current flowing through the power supply electrode further rises at the fourth timing and falls before the fifth timing. 15. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the program operation is performed by a control circuit of the semiconductor storage device, including:
a plurality of transistors including first, second, and third transistors electrically connected to the first, second, and third bit lines, and
a plurality of latch circuits including first, second, and third latch circuits electrically connected to gate electrodes of the first, second, and third transistors, respectively, and
the program operation for writing data to the second and third memory transistors includes
raising or lowering a voltage applied to the first latch circuit at the first timing,
raising or lowering a voltage applied to the second latch circuit at the third timing, and
raising or lowering a voltage applied to the third latch circuit at the fourth timing. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein
at the first timing, the first latch circuit is set to a first state, and the second and third latch circuits are set to a second state, at the third timing, the first and second latch circuits are set to the first state, and the third latch circuit is set to the second state, and at the fourth timing, the first, second, and third latch circuits are set to the first state. 17. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the second voltage is raised to a third predetermined voltage between the first and second timings. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein
the second voltage is raised to a fourth predetermined voltage higher than the third predetermined voltage between the second and third timings. 19. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the semiconductor storage device is a memory die including the control circuit and a memory cell array on which the memory strings, the bit lines, and the word line are arranged. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein
the program operation is performed by the control circuit including a sense amplifier circuit connected to the bit lines and a row decoder circuit connected to the word line. | A semiconductor storage device includes first, second, and third transistors, first, second, and third bit lines connected to the first, second, and third transistors, a word line connected to the first, second, and third transistors, and a control circuit configured to perform a program operation for writing data to the second and third transistors, including raising a first voltage applied to the first bit line at a first timing, raising a second voltage applied to the word line at a second timing, raising a third voltage applied to the second bit line at a third timing, raising a fourth voltage applied to the third bit line at a fourth timing, and lowering the first voltage at a fifth timing. The first voltage is raised to a first predetermined voltage, and each of the third and fourth voltages is raised to a second predetermined voltage smaller than the first predetermined voltage.1. A semiconductor storage device comprising:
a plurality of memory transistors including first, second, and third memory transistors; a plurality of bit lines including first, second, and third bit lines electrically connected to the first, second, and third memory transistors, respectively; a word line electrically connected to the first, second, and third memory transistors; and a control circuit configured to perform a program operation to write data to the plurality of memory transistors, wherein the program operation for writing data to the second and third memory transistors includes
raising a first voltage applied to the first bit line at a first timing,
raising a second voltage applied to the word line at a second timing after the first timing,
raising a third voltage applied to the second bit line at a third timing after the second timing,
raising a fourth voltage applied to the third bit line at a fourth timing after the third timing, and
lowering the first voltage at a fifth timing after the fourth timing, and
the first voltage is raised to a first predetermined voltage, and each of the third and fourth voltages is raised to a second predetermined voltage that is smaller than the first predetermined voltage. 2. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the first predetermined voltage is a program inhibit voltage at which write to the first memory transistor is inhibited. 3. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a power supply electrode by which a power supply voltage is applied to the control circuit, wherein a current flowing through the power supply electrode rises at the third timing and falls before the fourth timing. 4. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 3, wherein:
the current flowing through the power supply electrode further rises at the fourth timing and falls before the fifth timing. 5. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the control circuit includes:
a plurality of transistors including first, second, and third transistors electrically connected to the first, second, and third bit lines, and
a plurality of latch circuits including first, second, and third latch circuits electrically connected to gate electrodes of the first, second, and third transistors, respectively, and
the program operation for writing data to the second and third memory transistors includes
raising or lowering a voltage applied to the first latch circuit at the first timing,
raising or lowering a voltage applied to the second latch circuit at the third timing, and
raising or lowering a voltage applied to the third latch circuit at the fourth timing. 6. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 5, wherein
at the first timing, the first latch circuit is set to a first state, and the second and third latch circuits are set to a second state, at the third timing, the first and second latch circuits are set to the first state, and the third latch circuit is set to the second state, and at the fourth timing, the first, second, and third latch circuits are set to the first state. 7. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the second voltage is raised to a third predetermined voltage between the first and second timings. 8. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 7, wherein
the second voltage is raised to a fourth predetermined voltage higher than the third predetermined voltage between the second and third timings. 9. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the semiconductor storage device is a memory die including the control circuit and a memory cell array on which the memory transistors, the bit lines, and the word line are arranged. 10. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 9, wherein
the control circuit includes a sense amplifier circuit connected to the bit lines and a row decoder circuit connected to the word line. 11. A method for a semiconductor storage device to write data to a plurality of memory transistors including first, second, and third memory transistors that are connected to a word line and are respectively connected to first, second, and third bit lines, the method comprising:
when writing data to the second and third memory transistors, performing a program operation including:
raising a first voltage applied to the first bit line at a first timing;
raising a second voltage applied to the word line at a second timing after the first timing;
raising a third voltage applied to the second bit line at a third timing after the second timing;
raising a fourth voltage applied to the third bit line at a fourth timing after the third timing; and
lowering the first voltage at a fifth timing after the fourth timing,
wherein the first voltage is raised to a first predetermined voltage, and each of the third and fourth voltages is raised to a second predetermined voltage that is smaller than the first predetermined voltage. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the first predetermined voltage is a program inhibit voltage at which write to the first memory transistor is inhibited. 13. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:
applying a power supply voltage to a control circuit of the semiconductor storage device via a power supply electrode such that a current flowing therethrough rises at the third timing and falls before the fourth timing. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein:
the current flowing through the power supply electrode further rises at the fourth timing and falls before the fifth timing. 15. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the program operation is performed by a control circuit of the semiconductor storage device, including:
a plurality of transistors including first, second, and third transistors electrically connected to the first, second, and third bit lines, and
a plurality of latch circuits including first, second, and third latch circuits electrically connected to gate electrodes of the first, second, and third transistors, respectively, and
the program operation for writing data to the second and third memory transistors includes
raising or lowering a voltage applied to the first latch circuit at the first timing,
raising or lowering a voltage applied to the second latch circuit at the third timing, and
raising or lowering a voltage applied to the third latch circuit at the fourth timing. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein
at the first timing, the first latch circuit is set to a first state, and the second and third latch circuits are set to a second state, at the third timing, the first and second latch circuits are set to the first state, and the third latch circuit is set to the second state, and at the fourth timing, the first, second, and third latch circuits are set to the first state. 17. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the second voltage is raised to a third predetermined voltage between the first and second timings. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein
the second voltage is raised to a fourth predetermined voltage higher than the third predetermined voltage between the second and third timings. 19. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the semiconductor storage device is a memory die including the control circuit and a memory cell array on which the memory strings, the bit lines, and the word line are arranged. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein
the program operation is performed by the control circuit including a sense amplifier circuit connected to the bit lines and a row decoder circuit connected to the word line. | 1,700 |
349,502 | 16,807,084 | 1,762 | Disclosed are an information processing method and apparatus capable of controlling an electronic device in a 5G communication environment by processing information based on execution of a mounted artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm or machine learning algorithm. An information processing method according to the present disclosure may include: obtaining verbal information and non-verbal information related to a controlling subject and a controlled object; generating a first sentence including a coreference and a control command, by converting the verbal information into text; assigning identification information to the controlled object based on analysis of the non-verbal information; generating, from the first sentence, a second sentence supplemented with the coreference by using the identification information on the controlled object; and calling the controlled object by using the identification information on the controlled object included in the second sentence, and distributing the control command to the called controlled object. | 1. An information processing method, comprising:
obtaining verbal information and non-verbal information related to a controlling subject and a controlled object; generating a first sentence including a coreference and a control command, by converting the verbal information into text; assigning identification information to the controlled object based on analysis of the non-verbal information; generating, from the first sentence, a second sentence supplemented with the coreference by using the identification information on the controlled object; and calling the controlled object by using the identification information on the controlled object included in the second sentence, and distributing the control command to the called controlled object. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein generating the first sentence comprises converting the verbal information into text, and generating a first sentence including a missing sentence component based on analysis of the text. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein generating the second sentence comprises generating a second sentence supplemented with the missing sentence component by using a group of control commands in text form indicating possible functions of the controlled object in a current state of the controlled object as known from the identification information on the controlled object. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein assigning the identification information to the controlled object comprises:
obtaining skeleton information on the controlling subject from the non-verbal information including image information on a gesture of the controlling subject; specifying a direction indicated by the controlling subject, by using the skeleton information; determining a controlled object in the direction indicated by the controlling subject; and based on a result of comparing a feature point of the determined controlled object with previously stored feature points of objects, selecting an object having a feature point corresponding to the feature point of the determined controlled object, and assigning identification information on the selected object to the determined controlled object. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein assigning the identification information to the controlled object comprises:
calculating distances from the controlling subject to each of controlled objects, by using, as the non-verbal information, image information including the controlled objects and the controlling subject; determining a controlled object based on one of the calculated distances corresponding to the coreference; and based on a result of comparing a feature point of the determined controlled object with previously stored feature points of objects, selecting an object having a feature point corresponding to the feature point of the determined controlled object, and assigning identification information on the selected object to the determined controlled object. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein assigning the identification information to the controlled object comprises:
extracting a control command previously distributed by the controlling subject; determining whether the previously distributed control command and the control command included in the first sentence are for the same controlled object; and assigning the identification information on the controlled object included in the previously distributed control command as the identification information on the controlled object included in the first sentence, based on a result of determining that the two control commands are for the same controlled object. 7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
prior to distributing the control command,
retrieving whether the same control command as the control command included in the second sentence is present among previously stored control commands, based on a result of comparing the control command included in the second sentence with the previously stored control commands;
transmitting the second sentence together with a natural language processing request signal to an external natural language processor, based on the absence of the same control command as the control command included in the second sentence among the previously stored control commands; and
receiving a natural language processing result of the second sentence from the external natural language processor. 8. The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
prior to transmitting the second sentence together with the natural language processing request signal,
reconstructing the second sentence into a grammatical sentence. 9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
after generating the second sentence,
identifying the controlling subject based on a feature point extracted using, as the non-verbal information, image information including the controlling subject;
based on a result of comparing a feature point of the controlling subject with previously stored feature points of users, selecting a user having a feature point corresponding to the feature point of the controlling subject, and assigning identification information on the selected user to the controlling subject;
retrieving whether, as the non-verbal information, historical activity information regarding the controlling subject having controlled the controlled object is present; and
generating, based on the presence of the historical activity information, from the historical activity information, a third sentence including a control command preferred by the controlling subject in relation to the controlled object and the identification information on the controlling subject. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein distributing the control command comprises calling the controlled object by using the identification information on the controlled object included in the second and third sentences, and distributing control commands included in the second and third sentences to the called controlled object. 11. An information processing apparatus, comprising:
an obtainer configured to obtain verbal information and non-verbal information related to a controlling subject and a controlled object; a first generator configured to generate a first sentence including a coreference and a control command, by converting the verbal information into text; an assigner configured to assign identification information to the controlled object based on analysis of the non-verbal information; a second generator configured to generate, from the first sentence, a second sentence supplemented with the coreference by using the identification information on the controlled object; and a distributor configured to call the controlled object by using the identification information on the controlled object included in the second sentence, and distribute the control command to the called controlled object. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the first generator is configured to convert the verbal information into text, and generate the first sentence including a missing sentence component based on analysis of the text. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the second generator is configured to generate a second sentence supplemented with the missing sentence component by using a group of control commands in text form indicating possible functions of the controlled object in a current state of the controlled object as known from the identification information on the controlled object. 14. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the assigner is configured to:
obtain skeleton information on the controlling subject from the non-verbal information including image information on a gesture of the controlling subject; specify a direction indicated by the controlling subject, by using the skeleton information; determine a controlled object in the direction indicated by the controlling subject; and based on a result of comparing a feature point of the determined controlled object with previously stored feature points of objects, select an object having a feature point corresponding to the feature point of the determined controlled object, and assign identification information on the selected object to the determined controlled object. 15. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the assigner is configured to:
calculate distances from the controlling subject to each of controlled objects, by using, as the non-verbal information, image information including the controlled objects and the controlling subject; determine a controlled object based on one of the calculated distances corresponding to the coreference; and based on a result of comparing a feature point of the determined controlled object with previously stored feature points of objects, select an object having a feature point corresponding to the feature point of the determined controlled object, and assign identification information on the selected object to the determined controlled object. 16. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the assigner is configured to:
extract a control command previously distributed by the controlling subject; determine whether the previously distributed control command and the control command included in the first sentence are for the same controlled object; and assign the identification information on the controlled object included in the previously distributed control command as the identification information on the controlled object included in the first sentence, based on a result of determining that the two control commands are for the same controlled object. 17. The apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising:
a retriever configured to retrieve whether the same control command as the control command included in the second sentence is present among previously stored control commands, based on a result of comparing the control command included in the second sentence with the previously stored control commands, prior to distributing the second sentence; and a transceiver configured to transmit the second sentence together with a natural language processing request signal to an external natural language processor, based on the absence of the same control command as the control command included in the second sentence among the previously stored control commands, and receive a natural language processing result of the second sentence from the external natural language processor. 18. The apparatus according to claim 17, further comprising a re-constructor configured to reconstruct the second sentence into a grammatical sentence, prior to transmitting the second sentence to the external natural language processor. 19. The apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising:
an assigner configured to, after generating the second sentence, identify the controlling subject based on a feature point extracted using, as the non-verbal information, image information including the controlling subject, select a user having a feature point corresponding to a feature point of the controlling subject, based on a result of comparing the feature point of the controlling subject with previously stored feature points of users, and assign identification information on the selected user to the controlling subject; a retriever configured to retrieve whether, as the non-verbal information, historical activity information regarding the controlling subject having controlled the controlled object is present; and a third generator configured to generate, based on the presence of the historical activity information, from the historical activity information, a third sentence including a control command preferred by the controlling subject in relation to the controlled object and the identification information on the controlling subject. 20. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the distributor is configured to call the controlled object by using the identification information on the controlled object included in the second and third sentences, and distribute control commands included in the second and third sentences to the called controlled object. | Disclosed are an information processing method and apparatus capable of controlling an electronic device in a 5G communication environment by processing information based on execution of a mounted artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm or machine learning algorithm. An information processing method according to the present disclosure may include: obtaining verbal information and non-verbal information related to a controlling subject and a controlled object; generating a first sentence including a coreference and a control command, by converting the verbal information into text; assigning identification information to the controlled object based on analysis of the non-verbal information; generating, from the first sentence, a second sentence supplemented with the coreference by using the identification information on the controlled object; and calling the controlled object by using the identification information on the controlled object included in the second sentence, and distributing the control command to the called controlled object.1. An information processing method, comprising:
obtaining verbal information and non-verbal information related to a controlling subject and a controlled object; generating a first sentence including a coreference and a control command, by converting the verbal information into text; assigning identification information to the controlled object based on analysis of the non-verbal information; generating, from the first sentence, a second sentence supplemented with the coreference by using the identification information on the controlled object; and calling the controlled object by using the identification information on the controlled object included in the second sentence, and distributing the control command to the called controlled object. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein generating the first sentence comprises converting the verbal information into text, and generating a first sentence including a missing sentence component based on analysis of the text. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein generating the second sentence comprises generating a second sentence supplemented with the missing sentence component by using a group of control commands in text form indicating possible functions of the controlled object in a current state of the controlled object as known from the identification information on the controlled object. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein assigning the identification information to the controlled object comprises:
obtaining skeleton information on the controlling subject from the non-verbal information including image information on a gesture of the controlling subject; specifying a direction indicated by the controlling subject, by using the skeleton information; determining a controlled object in the direction indicated by the controlling subject; and based on a result of comparing a feature point of the determined controlled object with previously stored feature points of objects, selecting an object having a feature point corresponding to the feature point of the determined controlled object, and assigning identification information on the selected object to the determined controlled object. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein assigning the identification information to the controlled object comprises:
calculating distances from the controlling subject to each of controlled objects, by using, as the non-verbal information, image information including the controlled objects and the controlling subject; determining a controlled object based on one of the calculated distances corresponding to the coreference; and based on a result of comparing a feature point of the determined controlled object with previously stored feature points of objects, selecting an object having a feature point corresponding to the feature point of the determined controlled object, and assigning identification information on the selected object to the determined controlled object. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein assigning the identification information to the controlled object comprises:
extracting a control command previously distributed by the controlling subject; determining whether the previously distributed control command and the control command included in the first sentence are for the same controlled object; and assigning the identification information on the controlled object included in the previously distributed control command as the identification information on the controlled object included in the first sentence, based on a result of determining that the two control commands are for the same controlled object. 7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
prior to distributing the control command,
retrieving whether the same control command as the control command included in the second sentence is present among previously stored control commands, based on a result of comparing the control command included in the second sentence with the previously stored control commands;
transmitting the second sentence together with a natural language processing request signal to an external natural language processor, based on the absence of the same control command as the control command included in the second sentence among the previously stored control commands; and
receiving a natural language processing result of the second sentence from the external natural language processor. 8. The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
prior to transmitting the second sentence together with the natural language processing request signal,
reconstructing the second sentence into a grammatical sentence. 9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
after generating the second sentence,
identifying the controlling subject based on a feature point extracted using, as the non-verbal information, image information including the controlling subject;
based on a result of comparing a feature point of the controlling subject with previously stored feature points of users, selecting a user having a feature point corresponding to the feature point of the controlling subject, and assigning identification information on the selected user to the controlling subject;
retrieving whether, as the non-verbal information, historical activity information regarding the controlling subject having controlled the controlled object is present; and
generating, based on the presence of the historical activity information, from the historical activity information, a third sentence including a control command preferred by the controlling subject in relation to the controlled object and the identification information on the controlling subject. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein distributing the control command comprises calling the controlled object by using the identification information on the controlled object included in the second and third sentences, and distributing control commands included in the second and third sentences to the called controlled object. 11. An information processing apparatus, comprising:
an obtainer configured to obtain verbal information and non-verbal information related to a controlling subject and a controlled object; a first generator configured to generate a first sentence including a coreference and a control command, by converting the verbal information into text; an assigner configured to assign identification information to the controlled object based on analysis of the non-verbal information; a second generator configured to generate, from the first sentence, a second sentence supplemented with the coreference by using the identification information on the controlled object; and a distributor configured to call the controlled object by using the identification information on the controlled object included in the second sentence, and distribute the control command to the called controlled object. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the first generator is configured to convert the verbal information into text, and generate the first sentence including a missing sentence component based on analysis of the text. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the second generator is configured to generate a second sentence supplemented with the missing sentence component by using a group of control commands in text form indicating possible functions of the controlled object in a current state of the controlled object as known from the identification information on the controlled object. 14. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the assigner is configured to:
obtain skeleton information on the controlling subject from the non-verbal information including image information on a gesture of the controlling subject; specify a direction indicated by the controlling subject, by using the skeleton information; determine a controlled object in the direction indicated by the controlling subject; and based on a result of comparing a feature point of the determined controlled object with previously stored feature points of objects, select an object having a feature point corresponding to the feature point of the determined controlled object, and assign identification information on the selected object to the determined controlled object. 15. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the assigner is configured to:
calculate distances from the controlling subject to each of controlled objects, by using, as the non-verbal information, image information including the controlled objects and the controlling subject; determine a controlled object based on one of the calculated distances corresponding to the coreference; and based on a result of comparing a feature point of the determined controlled object with previously stored feature points of objects, select an object having a feature point corresponding to the feature point of the determined controlled object, and assign identification information on the selected object to the determined controlled object. 16. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the assigner is configured to:
extract a control command previously distributed by the controlling subject; determine whether the previously distributed control command and the control command included in the first sentence are for the same controlled object; and assign the identification information on the controlled object included in the previously distributed control command as the identification information on the controlled object included in the first sentence, based on a result of determining that the two control commands are for the same controlled object. 17. The apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising:
a retriever configured to retrieve whether the same control command as the control command included in the second sentence is present among previously stored control commands, based on a result of comparing the control command included in the second sentence with the previously stored control commands, prior to distributing the second sentence; and a transceiver configured to transmit the second sentence together with a natural language processing request signal to an external natural language processor, based on the absence of the same control command as the control command included in the second sentence among the previously stored control commands, and receive a natural language processing result of the second sentence from the external natural language processor. 18. The apparatus according to claim 17, further comprising a re-constructor configured to reconstruct the second sentence into a grammatical sentence, prior to transmitting the second sentence to the external natural language processor. 19. The apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising:
an assigner configured to, after generating the second sentence, identify the controlling subject based on a feature point extracted using, as the non-verbal information, image information including the controlling subject, select a user having a feature point corresponding to a feature point of the controlling subject, based on a result of comparing the feature point of the controlling subject with previously stored feature points of users, and assign identification information on the selected user to the controlling subject; a retriever configured to retrieve whether, as the non-verbal information, historical activity information regarding the controlling subject having controlled the controlled object is present; and a third generator configured to generate, based on the presence of the historical activity information, from the historical activity information, a third sentence including a control command preferred by the controlling subject in relation to the controlled object and the identification information on the controlling subject. 20. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the distributor is configured to call the controlled object by using the identification information on the controlled object included in the second and third sentences, and distribute control commands included in the second and third sentences to the called controlled object. | 1,700 |
349,503 | 16,807,087 | 1,762 | There are provided systems and methods for requesting payment for selected items or services using payment tokens. A first user, such as a requester for a transaction, may initiate a transaction with a merchant for at least one item or service. Upon checkout for the transaction, the first user may request that a second user complete payment for the transaction, such as a parent, spouse, or relative. A payment provider may generate a token for the transaction and instruct the merchant to hold the transaction for a period of time. The token may be communicated to the second user, a payer, for the transaction. The second user may then decide to authorize or decline payment for the transaction. The token may be kept valid for a period of time and the transaction may be cancelled with the merchant if the token is not paid for within the period. | 1. A service provider system comprising:
a non-transitory memory; and one or more hardware processors coupled to the non-transitory memory and configured to read instructions from the non-transitory memory to cause the service provider system to perform operations comprising:
receiving a redirection action from a merchant website to a checkout interface provided by the service provider system, wherein the redirection action comprises transaction data for the merchant website and is associated with a transaction on the merchant website between a merchant and a first user;
providing an option to generate a digital token for the transaction data through the checkout interface, wherein the option comprises at least a field for an entry of identification information for a second user;
receiving the identification information via the option;
determining a device identifier for a second user computing device of the second user based on the identification information;
generating the digital token for the second user computing device of the second user based on the transaction data, wherein the digital token enables the transaction data to be loaded to the merchant website using an application of the second user computing device; and
causing the transaction data to be loaded to the application on the second user computing device through the merchant website using the digital token and the device identifier. 2. The service provider system of claim 1, wherein the determining the device identifier comprises one of:
a. receiving the device identifier entered to the field of the checkout interface; or b. determining an account of the second user with the service provider system based on the identification information, wherein the device identifier is determined based further on the account. 3. The service provider system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:
causing a processing option for processing the transaction to be loaded with the transaction data in the application on the second user computing device; receiving a declination of the processing option; and removing the transaction data from the application on the second user computing device. 4. The service provider system of claim 3, wherein the operations further comprise:
alerting the first user via a first user computing device of the declination of the processing option; and querying the first user via the first user computing device of whether the first user accepts processing of the transaction. 5. The service provider system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:
causing a processing option for processing the transaction to be loaded with the transaction data in the application on the second user computing device; receiving an acceptance of the processing option, wherein the acceptance comprises an authorization to process the transaction using an account of the second user; processing the transaction using the account of the second user; and notifying at least one of the merchant or the first user of the processing the transaction. 6. The service provider system of claim 5, wherein the acceptance further comprises a condition for the processing of the transaction by the second user, and wherein the operations further comprise:
displaying the condition to the at least one of the merchant or the first user based on the processing the transaction. 7. The service provider system of claim 6, wherein prior to the processing the transaction, the operations further comprise:
determining whether the condition has been fulfilled; and wherein the processing the transaction is in response to determining that the condition has been fulfilled. 8. The service provider system of claim 1, wherein prior to the generating the digital token, the operations further comprise:
determining a validity of the device identifier for a use in communicating with the second user computing device over a network, wherein the digital token is further generated based on the validity. 9. The service provider system of claim 8, wherein prior to the generating the digital token, the operations further comprise:
determining an expiration condition for the digital token, wherein the digital token is further generated based on the expiration condition, and wherein subsequent to the causing the transaction data to be loaded, the operations further comprise: determining whether to cancel the transaction with the merchant website and the digital token based on the expiration condition. 10. A method comprising:
receiving a redirection action from a merchant website to a checkout interface provided by a service provider, wherein the redirection action comprises transaction data for the merchant website and is associated with a transaction on the merchant website between a merchant and a first user; providing an option to generate a digital token for the transaction data through the checkout interface, wherein the option comprises at least a field for an entry of identification information for a second user; receiving the identification information via the option; determining a device identifier for a second user computing device of the second user based on the identification information; generating the digital token for the second user computing device of the second user based on the transaction data, wherein the digital token enables the transaction data to be loaded to the merchant website using an application of the second user computing device; and causing the transaction data to be loaded to the application on the second user computing device through the merchant website using the digital token and the device identifier. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the determining the device identifier comprises one of:
a. receiving the device identifier entered to the field of the checkout interface; or b. determining an account of the second user with the service provider based on the identification information, wherein the device identifier is determined based further on the account. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
causing a processing option for processing the transaction to be loaded with the transaction data in the application on the second user computing device; receiving a declination of the processing option; and removing the transaction data from the application on the second user computing device. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
alerting the first user via a first user computing device of the declination of the processing option; and querying the first user via the first user computing device of whether the first user accepts processing of the transaction. 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
causing a processing option for processing the transaction to be loaded with the transaction data in the application on the second user computing device; receiving an acceptance of the processing option, wherein the acceptance comprises an authorization to process the transaction using an account of the second user; processing the transaction using the account of the second user; and notifying at least one of the merchant or the first user of the processing the transaction. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the acceptance further comprises a condition for the processing of the transaction by the second user, and wherein the method further comprises:
displaying the condition to the at least one of the merchant or the first user based on the processing the transaction. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein prior to the processing the transaction, the method further comprises:
determining whether the condition has been fulfilled; and wherein the processing the transaction is in response to determining that the condition has been fulfilled. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein prior to the generating the digital token, the method further comprises:
determining a validity of the device identifier for a use in communicating with the second user computing device over a network, wherein the digital token is further generated based on the validity. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein prior to the generating the digital token, the method further comprises:
determining an expiration condition for the digital token, wherein the digital token is further generated based on the expiration condition, and wherein subsequent to the causing the transaction data to be loaded, the method further comprises: determining whether to cancel the transaction with the merchant website and the digital token based on the expiration condition. 19. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having stored thereon machine-readable instructions executable to cause a machine to perform operations comprising:
receiving a redirection action from a merchant website to a checkout interface provided by a service provider, wherein the redirection action comprises transaction data for the merchant website and is associated with a transaction on the merchant website between a merchant and a first user; providing an option to generate a digital token for the transaction data through the checkout interface, wherein the option comprises at least a field for an entry of identification information for a second user; receiving the identification information via the option; determining a device identifier for a second user computing device of the second user based on the identification information; generating the digital token for the second user computing device of the second user based on the transaction data, wherein the digital token enables the transaction data to be loaded to the merchant website using an application of the second user computing device; and causing the transaction data to be loaded to the application on the second user computing device through the merchant website using the digital token and the device identifier. 20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 19, wherein prior to the generating the digital token, the operations further comprise:
determining a validity of the device identifier for a use in communicating with the second user computing device over a network; and determining an expiration condition for the digital token, wherein the digital token is further generated based on the validity and the expiration condition. | There are provided systems and methods for requesting payment for selected items or services using payment tokens. A first user, such as a requester for a transaction, may initiate a transaction with a merchant for at least one item or service. Upon checkout for the transaction, the first user may request that a second user complete payment for the transaction, such as a parent, spouse, or relative. A payment provider may generate a token for the transaction and instruct the merchant to hold the transaction for a period of time. The token may be communicated to the second user, a payer, for the transaction. The second user may then decide to authorize or decline payment for the transaction. The token may be kept valid for a period of time and the transaction may be cancelled with the merchant if the token is not paid for within the period.1. A service provider system comprising:
a non-transitory memory; and one or more hardware processors coupled to the non-transitory memory and configured to read instructions from the non-transitory memory to cause the service provider system to perform operations comprising:
receiving a redirection action from a merchant website to a checkout interface provided by the service provider system, wherein the redirection action comprises transaction data for the merchant website and is associated with a transaction on the merchant website between a merchant and a first user;
providing an option to generate a digital token for the transaction data through the checkout interface, wherein the option comprises at least a field for an entry of identification information for a second user;
receiving the identification information via the option;
determining a device identifier for a second user computing device of the second user based on the identification information;
generating the digital token for the second user computing device of the second user based on the transaction data, wherein the digital token enables the transaction data to be loaded to the merchant website using an application of the second user computing device; and
causing the transaction data to be loaded to the application on the second user computing device through the merchant website using the digital token and the device identifier. 2. The service provider system of claim 1, wherein the determining the device identifier comprises one of:
a. receiving the device identifier entered to the field of the checkout interface; or b. determining an account of the second user with the service provider system based on the identification information, wherein the device identifier is determined based further on the account. 3. The service provider system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:
causing a processing option for processing the transaction to be loaded with the transaction data in the application on the second user computing device; receiving a declination of the processing option; and removing the transaction data from the application on the second user computing device. 4. The service provider system of claim 3, wherein the operations further comprise:
alerting the first user via a first user computing device of the declination of the processing option; and querying the first user via the first user computing device of whether the first user accepts processing of the transaction. 5. The service provider system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:
causing a processing option for processing the transaction to be loaded with the transaction data in the application on the second user computing device; receiving an acceptance of the processing option, wherein the acceptance comprises an authorization to process the transaction using an account of the second user; processing the transaction using the account of the second user; and notifying at least one of the merchant or the first user of the processing the transaction. 6. The service provider system of claim 5, wherein the acceptance further comprises a condition for the processing of the transaction by the second user, and wherein the operations further comprise:
displaying the condition to the at least one of the merchant or the first user based on the processing the transaction. 7. The service provider system of claim 6, wherein prior to the processing the transaction, the operations further comprise:
determining whether the condition has been fulfilled; and wherein the processing the transaction is in response to determining that the condition has been fulfilled. 8. The service provider system of claim 1, wherein prior to the generating the digital token, the operations further comprise:
determining a validity of the device identifier for a use in communicating with the second user computing device over a network, wherein the digital token is further generated based on the validity. 9. The service provider system of claim 8, wherein prior to the generating the digital token, the operations further comprise:
determining an expiration condition for the digital token, wherein the digital token is further generated based on the expiration condition, and wherein subsequent to the causing the transaction data to be loaded, the operations further comprise: determining whether to cancel the transaction with the merchant website and the digital token based on the expiration condition. 10. A method comprising:
receiving a redirection action from a merchant website to a checkout interface provided by a service provider, wherein the redirection action comprises transaction data for the merchant website and is associated with a transaction on the merchant website between a merchant and a first user; providing an option to generate a digital token for the transaction data through the checkout interface, wherein the option comprises at least a field for an entry of identification information for a second user; receiving the identification information via the option; determining a device identifier for a second user computing device of the second user based on the identification information; generating the digital token for the second user computing device of the second user based on the transaction data, wherein the digital token enables the transaction data to be loaded to the merchant website using an application of the second user computing device; and causing the transaction data to be loaded to the application on the second user computing device through the merchant website using the digital token and the device identifier. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the determining the device identifier comprises one of:
a. receiving the device identifier entered to the field of the checkout interface; or b. determining an account of the second user with the service provider based on the identification information, wherein the device identifier is determined based further on the account. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
causing a processing option for processing the transaction to be loaded with the transaction data in the application on the second user computing device; receiving a declination of the processing option; and removing the transaction data from the application on the second user computing device. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
alerting the first user via a first user computing device of the declination of the processing option; and querying the first user via the first user computing device of whether the first user accepts processing of the transaction. 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
causing a processing option for processing the transaction to be loaded with the transaction data in the application on the second user computing device; receiving an acceptance of the processing option, wherein the acceptance comprises an authorization to process the transaction using an account of the second user; processing the transaction using the account of the second user; and notifying at least one of the merchant or the first user of the processing the transaction. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the acceptance further comprises a condition for the processing of the transaction by the second user, and wherein the method further comprises:
displaying the condition to the at least one of the merchant or the first user based on the processing the transaction. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein prior to the processing the transaction, the method further comprises:
determining whether the condition has been fulfilled; and wherein the processing the transaction is in response to determining that the condition has been fulfilled. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein prior to the generating the digital token, the method further comprises:
determining a validity of the device identifier for a use in communicating with the second user computing device over a network, wherein the digital token is further generated based on the validity. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein prior to the generating the digital token, the method further comprises:
determining an expiration condition for the digital token, wherein the digital token is further generated based on the expiration condition, and wherein subsequent to the causing the transaction data to be loaded, the method further comprises: determining whether to cancel the transaction with the merchant website and the digital token based on the expiration condition. 19. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having stored thereon machine-readable instructions executable to cause a machine to perform operations comprising:
receiving a redirection action from a merchant website to a checkout interface provided by a service provider, wherein the redirection action comprises transaction data for the merchant website and is associated with a transaction on the merchant website between a merchant and a first user; providing an option to generate a digital token for the transaction data through the checkout interface, wherein the option comprises at least a field for an entry of identification information for a second user; receiving the identification information via the option; determining a device identifier for a second user computing device of the second user based on the identification information; generating the digital token for the second user computing device of the second user based on the transaction data, wherein the digital token enables the transaction data to be loaded to the merchant website using an application of the second user computing device; and causing the transaction data to be loaded to the application on the second user computing device through the merchant website using the digital token and the device identifier. 20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 19, wherein prior to the generating the digital token, the operations further comprise:
determining a validity of the device identifier for a use in communicating with the second user computing device over a network; and determining an expiration condition for the digital token, wherein the digital token is further generated based on the validity and the expiration condition. | 1,700 |
349,504 | 16,807,093 | 1,762 | A μLED including an epitaxial stacked layer, a first electrode and a second electrode is provided. The epitaxial stacked layer includes a first type doped semiconductor layer, a light emitting layer and a second type doped semiconductor layer. The epitaxial stacked layer has a first mesa portion and a second mesa portion to form a first type conductive region and a second type conductive region respectively. The first electrode is disposed on the first mesa portion. The second electrode is disposed on the second mesa portion. The second electrode contacts the first type doped semiconductor layer, the light emitting layer and the second type doped semiconductor layer located at the second mesa portion. Moreover, a manufacturing method of the μLED is also provided. | 1. A manufacturing method of a micro light emitting diode, comprising:
providing a growth substrate; forming a plurality of micro lighting units on the growth substrate, a portion of the growth substrate being exposed by a gap located between two adjacent ones of the micro lighting units, wherein each of the micro lighting units comprises an epitaxial stacked layer disposed on the substrate and at least two electrodes disposed on a top side of the epitaxial stacked layer and electrically connected thereto; providing an external circuit base having a plurality of predetermined bonding pads thereon; performing a bonding process to connect the electrodes of each of the micro lighting units to the predetermined bonding pads on the external circuit base; and removing the growth substrate apart away the micro lighting units. | A μLED including an epitaxial stacked layer, a first electrode and a second electrode is provided. The epitaxial stacked layer includes a first type doped semiconductor layer, a light emitting layer and a second type doped semiconductor layer. The epitaxial stacked layer has a first mesa portion and a second mesa portion to form a first type conductive region and a second type conductive region respectively. The first electrode is disposed on the first mesa portion. The second electrode is disposed on the second mesa portion. The second electrode contacts the first type doped semiconductor layer, the light emitting layer and the second type doped semiconductor layer located at the second mesa portion. Moreover, a manufacturing method of the μLED is also provided.1. A manufacturing method of a micro light emitting diode, comprising:
providing a growth substrate; forming a plurality of micro lighting units on the growth substrate, a portion of the growth substrate being exposed by a gap located between two adjacent ones of the micro lighting units, wherein each of the micro lighting units comprises an epitaxial stacked layer disposed on the substrate and at least two electrodes disposed on a top side of the epitaxial stacked layer and electrically connected thereto; providing an external circuit base having a plurality of predetermined bonding pads thereon; performing a bonding process to connect the electrodes of each of the micro lighting units to the predetermined bonding pads on the external circuit base; and removing the growth substrate apart away the micro lighting units. | 1,700 |
349,505 | 16,807,070 | 1,762 | Systems and methods for determining parameters of devices that may have influenced generated content, and appending values of these parameters to the generated content for the benefit of other users. Devices near the location at which the content was generated may be selected, and parameters of these devices may be retrieved. These device parameters are often relevant to the generated content. Accordingly, the retrieved parameter values may be appended to the generated content for transmission along with the content. In this manner, other users may view both the content and the parameters of nearby devices that may have influenced the setting of the content, assisting users in, for example, recreating the content or its subject matter for themselves. | 1. A method of obtaining parameters associated with extended reality content, the method comprising:
receiving, at a controller, an indication of extended reality content for display by a user device; determining, at the controller, one or more other electronic devices corresponding to the extended reality content; retrieving, at the controller, values of parameters of the one or more other electronic devices, wherein the retrieved device parameters comprise blind open/close settings; associating the retrieved device parameter values with the extended reality content; and storing the retrieved device parameter values associated with the extended reality content in a database. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises transmitting the extended reality content and the associated retrieved device parameter values to one or more additional electronic devices. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the transmitting further comprises sharing the extended reality content and the associated retrieved device parameter values as a social media post. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a context of the extended reality content, and selecting the one or more device parameter values according to the determined context. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the determining a context further comprises determining the context using one or more machine learning models. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more other electronic devices comprise one or more Internet of Things devices. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured for electronic communication with the one or more other electronic devices over an electronic communications network. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the other electronic devices are devices of the electronic communications network. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the extended reality content is augmented reality (AR) content, virtual reality (VR) content, or mixed reality (MR) content. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the associating further comprises associating the retrieved device parameter values as metadata of the electronic content. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
retrieving the stored device parameter values from the database; and transmitting at least one of the stored device parameter values and the extended reality content for display of the at least one of the stored device parameters along with display of the extended reality content. 12. A system for obtaining parameters associated with extended reality content, the system comprising:
a storage device; and control circuitry configured to:
receive, at a controller, an indication of extended reality content for display by user device;
determine, at the controller, one or more other electronic devices corresponding to the extended reality content;
retrieve, at the controller, values of parameters of the one or more other electronic devices, wherein the retrieved device parameters comprise blind open/close settings;
associate the retrieved device parameter values with the extended reality content; and
store the retrieved device parameter values associated with the extended reality content in a database. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to transmit the extended reality content and the associated retrieved device parameter values to one or more additional electronic devices. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the transmitting further comprises sharing the extended reality content and the associated retrieved device parameter values as a social media post. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to determine a context of the extended reality content, and selecting the one or more device parameter values according to the determined context. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the determining a context further comprises determining the context using one or more machine learning models. 17. The system of claim 12, wherein the one or more other electronic devices comprise one or more Internet of Things devices. 18. The system of claim 12, wherein the controller is configured for electronic communication with the one or more other electronic devices over an electronic communications network. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the other electronic devices are devices of the electronic communications network. 20. The system of claim 12, wherein the extended reality content is augmented reality (AR) content, virtual reality (VR) content, or mixed reality (MR) content. 21. The system of claim 12, wherein the associating further comprises associating the retrieved device parameter values as metadata of the electronic content. 22. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
retrieve the stored device parameter values from the database; and transmit at least one of the stored device parameter values and the extended reality content for display of the at least one of the stored device parameters along with display of the extended reality content. 23-33. (canceled) | Systems and methods for determining parameters of devices that may have influenced generated content, and appending values of these parameters to the generated content for the benefit of other users. Devices near the location at which the content was generated may be selected, and parameters of these devices may be retrieved. These device parameters are often relevant to the generated content. Accordingly, the retrieved parameter values may be appended to the generated content for transmission along with the content. In this manner, other users may view both the content and the parameters of nearby devices that may have influenced the setting of the content, assisting users in, for example, recreating the content or its subject matter for themselves.1. A method of obtaining parameters associated with extended reality content, the method comprising:
receiving, at a controller, an indication of extended reality content for display by a user device; determining, at the controller, one or more other electronic devices corresponding to the extended reality content; retrieving, at the controller, values of parameters of the one or more other electronic devices, wherein the retrieved device parameters comprise blind open/close settings; associating the retrieved device parameter values with the extended reality content; and storing the retrieved device parameter values associated with the extended reality content in a database. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises transmitting the extended reality content and the associated retrieved device parameter values to one or more additional electronic devices. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the transmitting further comprises sharing the extended reality content and the associated retrieved device parameter values as a social media post. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a context of the extended reality content, and selecting the one or more device parameter values according to the determined context. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the determining a context further comprises determining the context using one or more machine learning models. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more other electronic devices comprise one or more Internet of Things devices. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured for electronic communication with the one or more other electronic devices over an electronic communications network. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the other electronic devices are devices of the electronic communications network. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the extended reality content is augmented reality (AR) content, virtual reality (VR) content, or mixed reality (MR) content. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the associating further comprises associating the retrieved device parameter values as metadata of the electronic content. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
retrieving the stored device parameter values from the database; and transmitting at least one of the stored device parameter values and the extended reality content for display of the at least one of the stored device parameters along with display of the extended reality content. 12. A system for obtaining parameters associated with extended reality content, the system comprising:
a storage device; and control circuitry configured to:
receive, at a controller, an indication of extended reality content for display by user device;
determine, at the controller, one or more other electronic devices corresponding to the extended reality content;
retrieve, at the controller, values of parameters of the one or more other electronic devices, wherein the retrieved device parameters comprise blind open/close settings;
associate the retrieved device parameter values with the extended reality content; and
store the retrieved device parameter values associated with the extended reality content in a database. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to transmit the extended reality content and the associated retrieved device parameter values to one or more additional electronic devices. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the transmitting further comprises sharing the extended reality content and the associated retrieved device parameter values as a social media post. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to determine a context of the extended reality content, and selecting the one or more device parameter values according to the determined context. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the determining a context further comprises determining the context using one or more machine learning models. 17. The system of claim 12, wherein the one or more other electronic devices comprise one or more Internet of Things devices. 18. The system of claim 12, wherein the controller is configured for electronic communication with the one or more other electronic devices over an electronic communications network. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the other electronic devices are devices of the electronic communications network. 20. The system of claim 12, wherein the extended reality content is augmented reality (AR) content, virtual reality (VR) content, or mixed reality (MR) content. 21. The system of claim 12, wherein the associating further comprises associating the retrieved device parameter values as metadata of the electronic content. 22. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
retrieve the stored device parameter values from the database; and transmit at least one of the stored device parameter values and the extended reality content for display of the at least one of the stored device parameters along with display of the extended reality content. 23-33. (canceled) | 1,700 |
349,506 | 16,807,062 | 1,762 | A thermoforming system and related methods for manufacturing thermoplastic parts, such as interior panels for aircraft, may include a roll-to-roll operation and a forming press having at least one selectively rotatable tool. The rotatable tool, which may include a mold and/or a die, may be multifaceted, such that different faces of the tool have different mold arrangements for different forming characteristics. | 1. A system for forming a thermoplastic part along a continuous processing path, comprising:
a thermoplastic source station at an upstream end of the continuous processing path, configured to provide a continuous web of thermoplastic material, a preheating station including a preheating oven, configured to heat the continuous web of thermoplastic material to form a continuous web of preheated thermoplastic material; a pressing station downstream from the preheating station, including a forming press configured to press the continuous web of preheated thermoplastic material to form the thermoplastic part; wherein the forming press includes a first tool and a second tool, at least the first tool comprising a rotary tool having multiple faces and each of the faces having a different mold configuration and the second tool having a mold shape configured to mate with the mold configuration on at least one of the faces of the first tool, rotating the first tool to change which face is directed toward the second tool, while the second tool remains fixed; a cooling station downstream of the pressing station, configured to cool the continuous web of preheated thermoplastic material to form a continuous web of cooled thermoplastic material; a finishing station downstream from the cooling station, configured to remove the thermoplastic part from the continuous web of cooled thermoplastic material; and a processor programmed to control translation of the continuous web of thermoplastic material through the continuous processing path, and operations of the thermoplastic source, preheating, pressing, cooling and finishing stations; wherein the continuous processing path is defined from a roll of the continuous web of thermoplastic material at the thermoplastic source station, through the pressing station, and the finishing station. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the pressing station includes a tool having an internal heating mechanism. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first tool is a press tool, and the second tool is a mold tool. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the press tool and mold tool are configured to mate with each other by moving the press tool vertically while the mold tool remains stationary. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein each face of the rotary tool has receiving structure for securing interchangeable inserts, each interchangeable insert having a different mold configuration. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein one or more faces of the rotary tool are heated from inside the rotary tool. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the rotary tool rotates around a substantially horizontal axis to change application of different faces of the rotary tool. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the rotary tool rotates around an axis transverse to a direction of the continuous processing path to change application of different faces of the rotary tool. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the rotary tool has four faces. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the first tool is movable vertically to press the continuous web of preheated thermoplastic material without rotating the first tool. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein each different mold configuration conforms to a different product line. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the continuous web of preheated thermoplastic material is pressed along a vertical direction. 13. A system for forming a thermoplastic part along a continuous processing path, comprising:
a thermoplastic source station at an upstream end of the continuous processing path, configured to provide a continuous web of thermoplastic material from an upstream roll of continuous web of thermoplastic material, a preheating station including a preheating oven, configured to heat the continuous web of thermoplastic material to form a continuous web of preheated thermoplastic material; a pressing station downstream of the preheating station, including a first robotic system configured to automatically press the continuous web of thermoplastic material between a first and second tool at a forming press to form the thermoplastic part, wherein at least the first tool comprises a rotary tool having multiple faces and each of the faces has a different mold configuration and the second tool having a mold shape configured to mate with the mold configuration on at least one of the faces of the first tool, the first robotic system being configured to rotate the first tool to change which face is directed toward the second tool, while the second tool remains fixed; a cooling station downstream of the pressing station, configured to cool the continuous web of preheated thermoplastic material to form a continuous web of cooled thermoplastic material; a finishing station downstream of the pressing station, including a second robotic system configured to remove the thermoplastic part from the continuous web of cooled thermoplastic material; a recovery station configured to collect the continuous web of cooled thermoplastic material, devoid of the thermoplastic part onto a downstream roll at a downstream end of the continuous processing path; and wherein the continuous processing path is defined from the upstream roll of continuous web of thermoplastic material at the thermoplastic source station, through the pressing station, and the downstream roll at the recovery station. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the first tool or the second tool has a textured surface. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the second tool is configured to embed an accessory component in the thermoplastic part at the pressing station. 16. The system of claim 13, wherein the continuous web of thermoplastic material has a preformed ornamental design. 17. A forming system comprising:
a feeding station, configured to feed a continuous web of thermoplastic material into a preheating oven to form a continuous web of preheated thermoplastic material; a pressing station, configured to receive the continuous web of preheated thermoplastic material into a forming press, the forming press comprises a first tool and a second tool, the first tool includes a multifaceted rotary press tool and the second tool includes a multifaceted rotary mold tool, and at least a face of the first tool is configured to mate with a face of the second tool to press the continuous web of thermoplastic material; wherein the pressing station is further configured to rotate the first tool to a first operational position, move the first tool towards the second tool, press the continuous web of preheated thermoplastic material between the first and second tools to form a thermoplastic part on the continuous web of preheated thermoplastic material with a first molded shape and move the first tool away from the second tool to open the forming press; a control device configured to stop an operation of the feeding station during the pressing of the continuous web of preheated thermoplastic material between the first and second tools; a cooling station, configured to cool the continuous web of preheated thermoplastic material to form a continuous web of cooled thermoplastic material; and a finishing station configured to remove the thermoplastic part having the first mold shape from the continuous web of cooled thermoplastic material. 18. The forming system of claim 17, further comprising a preheating station upstream from the pressing station. 19. The forming system of claim 17, further comprising a trimming station downstream from the pressing station. 20. The forming system of claim 17, further comprising a robot at the pressing station configured for interchanging mold parts for specific tool configurations. | A thermoforming system and related methods for manufacturing thermoplastic parts, such as interior panels for aircraft, may include a roll-to-roll operation and a forming press having at least one selectively rotatable tool. The rotatable tool, which may include a mold and/or a die, may be multifaceted, such that different faces of the tool have different mold arrangements for different forming characteristics.1. A system for forming a thermoplastic part along a continuous processing path, comprising:
a thermoplastic source station at an upstream end of the continuous processing path, configured to provide a continuous web of thermoplastic material, a preheating station including a preheating oven, configured to heat the continuous web of thermoplastic material to form a continuous web of preheated thermoplastic material; a pressing station downstream from the preheating station, including a forming press configured to press the continuous web of preheated thermoplastic material to form the thermoplastic part; wherein the forming press includes a first tool and a second tool, at least the first tool comprising a rotary tool having multiple faces and each of the faces having a different mold configuration and the second tool having a mold shape configured to mate with the mold configuration on at least one of the faces of the first tool, rotating the first tool to change which face is directed toward the second tool, while the second tool remains fixed; a cooling station downstream of the pressing station, configured to cool the continuous web of preheated thermoplastic material to form a continuous web of cooled thermoplastic material; a finishing station downstream from the cooling station, configured to remove the thermoplastic part from the continuous web of cooled thermoplastic material; and a processor programmed to control translation of the continuous web of thermoplastic material through the continuous processing path, and operations of the thermoplastic source, preheating, pressing, cooling and finishing stations; wherein the continuous processing path is defined from a roll of the continuous web of thermoplastic material at the thermoplastic source station, through the pressing station, and the finishing station. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the pressing station includes a tool having an internal heating mechanism. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first tool is a press tool, and the second tool is a mold tool. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the press tool and mold tool are configured to mate with each other by moving the press tool vertically while the mold tool remains stationary. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein each face of the rotary tool has receiving structure for securing interchangeable inserts, each interchangeable insert having a different mold configuration. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein one or more faces of the rotary tool are heated from inside the rotary tool. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the rotary tool rotates around a substantially horizontal axis to change application of different faces of the rotary tool. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the rotary tool rotates around an axis transverse to a direction of the continuous processing path to change application of different faces of the rotary tool. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the rotary tool has four faces. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the first tool is movable vertically to press the continuous web of preheated thermoplastic material without rotating the first tool. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein each different mold configuration conforms to a different product line. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the continuous web of preheated thermoplastic material is pressed along a vertical direction. 13. A system for forming a thermoplastic part along a continuous processing path, comprising:
a thermoplastic source station at an upstream end of the continuous processing path, configured to provide a continuous web of thermoplastic material from an upstream roll of continuous web of thermoplastic material, a preheating station including a preheating oven, configured to heat the continuous web of thermoplastic material to form a continuous web of preheated thermoplastic material; a pressing station downstream of the preheating station, including a first robotic system configured to automatically press the continuous web of thermoplastic material between a first and second tool at a forming press to form the thermoplastic part, wherein at least the first tool comprises a rotary tool having multiple faces and each of the faces has a different mold configuration and the second tool having a mold shape configured to mate with the mold configuration on at least one of the faces of the first tool, the first robotic system being configured to rotate the first tool to change which face is directed toward the second tool, while the second tool remains fixed; a cooling station downstream of the pressing station, configured to cool the continuous web of preheated thermoplastic material to form a continuous web of cooled thermoplastic material; a finishing station downstream of the pressing station, including a second robotic system configured to remove the thermoplastic part from the continuous web of cooled thermoplastic material; a recovery station configured to collect the continuous web of cooled thermoplastic material, devoid of the thermoplastic part onto a downstream roll at a downstream end of the continuous processing path; and wherein the continuous processing path is defined from the upstream roll of continuous web of thermoplastic material at the thermoplastic source station, through the pressing station, and the downstream roll at the recovery station. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the first tool or the second tool has a textured surface. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the second tool is configured to embed an accessory component in the thermoplastic part at the pressing station. 16. The system of claim 13, wherein the continuous web of thermoplastic material has a preformed ornamental design. 17. A forming system comprising:
a feeding station, configured to feed a continuous web of thermoplastic material into a preheating oven to form a continuous web of preheated thermoplastic material; a pressing station, configured to receive the continuous web of preheated thermoplastic material into a forming press, the forming press comprises a first tool and a second tool, the first tool includes a multifaceted rotary press tool and the second tool includes a multifaceted rotary mold tool, and at least a face of the first tool is configured to mate with a face of the second tool to press the continuous web of thermoplastic material; wherein the pressing station is further configured to rotate the first tool to a first operational position, move the first tool towards the second tool, press the continuous web of preheated thermoplastic material between the first and second tools to form a thermoplastic part on the continuous web of preheated thermoplastic material with a first molded shape and move the first tool away from the second tool to open the forming press; a control device configured to stop an operation of the feeding station during the pressing of the continuous web of preheated thermoplastic material between the first and second tools; a cooling station, configured to cool the continuous web of preheated thermoplastic material to form a continuous web of cooled thermoplastic material; and a finishing station configured to remove the thermoplastic part having the first mold shape from the continuous web of cooled thermoplastic material. 18. The forming system of claim 17, further comprising a preheating station upstream from the pressing station. 19. The forming system of claim 17, further comprising a trimming station downstream from the pressing station. 20. The forming system of claim 17, further comprising a robot at the pressing station configured for interchanging mold parts for specific tool configurations. | 1,700 |
349,507 | 16,807,077 | 1,762 | Implementations relate to anatomical models and surgical training. In some implementations, an anatomical training model includes a base portion and a top portion that form a hollow space between the base portion and top portion. A plurality of holes are positioned in the top portion. The model includes a plurality of cannula supports, where each cannula support is aligned with one or more corresponding holes in the top portion. | 1. (canceled) 2. A surgical system comprising:
a memory, one or more processors configured to access the memory, and an output device; wherein the one or more processors are configured to perform operations comprising:
measuring one or more performance parameters associated with one or more tasks performed by at least one user,
performing an automatic comparison between the one or more performance parameters and corresponding one or more stored task parameters associated with the one or more tasks, and
determining an evaluation based on the automatic comparison;
wherein the one or more tasks are performed with reference to a worksite and a manipulator arm; wherein the one or more tasks include positioning of one or more joints of the manipulator arm relative to the worksite to enable a particular range of motion to a surgical instrument of the manipulator arm; wherein the manipulator arm is movable to positions controlled by a control device separate from the manipulator arm; wherein the performance parameters include corresponding one or more positions of the one or more joints of the manipulator arm; and wherein the output device is configured to output the evaluation. 3. The surgical system of claim 2, wherein:
the one or more performance parameters comprise at least one performance parameter based on kinematic information sensed for the manipulator arm by using one or more joint sensors sensing the one or more joints. 4. The surgical system of claim 2, wherein:
the manipulator arm is one of a plurality of manipulator arms; and the operation of determining the evaluation based on the automatic comparison comprises determining whether the positioning of the plurality of manipulator arms will cause manipulator arms of the plurality of manipulator arms to physically collide with each other during performance of a surgical procedure in which the plurality of manipulator arms is used. 5. The surgical system of claim 2, wherein:
the worksite is included in an anatomical model; the manipulator arm is one of a plurality of individual manipulator arms; the one or more tasks comprises placement of a plurality of individual ports into the anatomical model; and each one of the individual ports is configured to receive a corresponding surgical instrument connected to a corresponding one of the individual manipulator arms. 6. The surgical system of claim 5, wherein:
the operation of determining the evaluation comprises determining whether the placement of the individual ports will cause collisions amongst the individual manipulator arms while each one of the individual manipulator arms is coupled to a corresponding one of the individual ports during a surgical procedure. 7. The surgical system of claim 2, wherein:
the worksite is included in an anatomical model; the manipulator arm is one of a plurality of individual manipulator arms; and the one or more tasks comprises docking a plurality of individual surgical instruments, each connected to a corresponding one of the individual manipulator arms, to corresponding individual ports in the anatomical model. 8. The surgical system of claim 2, wherein:
the corresponding one or more stored task parameters are measured based on a previous performance of the one or more tasks prior to performance of the one or more tasks. 9. The surgical system of claim 2, wherein:
the performance parameters comprise one or more parameters based on sensed kinematic information for the manipulator arm; and the kinematic information comprises position and orientation of the surgical instrument based on sensed joint values of the one or more joints of the manipulator arm. 10. A surgical system comprising:
a manipulator arm, a memory, and one or more processors configured to access the memory; wherein the manipulator arm is movable to positions controlled by a control device separate from the manipulator arm; wherein the one or more processors are configured to perform operations comprising:
measuring performance parameters associated with a plurality of tasks,
storing the performance parameters in the memory,
performing an automatic comparison between the performance parameters and corresponding stored task parameters associated with the plurality of tasks, and
determining and outputting an evaluation based on the automatic comparison;
wherein each task of the plurality of tasks is performed with the manipulator arm with reference to an anatomical model; wherein the plurality of tasks comprises instrument port placement and cannula docking; wherein the instrument port placement comprises selection of a location on the anatomical model and placement of a cannula at the location; and wherein the cannula docking comprises coupling of the manipulator arm to the cannula. 11. The surgical system of claim 10, further comprising an output device; and
wherein the output device is configured to output the evaluation based on the automatic comparison. 12. The surgical system of claim 11, wherein:
the output device is configured to output graphical feedback based on the plurality of tasks performed with the manipulator arm with reference to the anatomical model; and the graphical feedback indicates one or more correct positions for the manipulator arm while the manipulator arm is coupled to the cannula. 13. The surgical system of claim 10, wherein:
the operation of determining and outputting the evaluation comprises determining whether a remote center of motion for the cannula is positioned in a predetermined position with reference to the anatomical model; and the remote center of motion for the cannula indicates a location with reference to the cannula that remains stationary in space as the manipulator arm moves in space while coupled to the cannula. 14. The surgical system of claim 10, wherein:
the plurality of tasks comprises an arm setup; and the arm setup comprises placement of one or more joints of the manipulator arm relative to the anatomical model to enable a particular range of motion to a surgical instrument coupled to the manipulator arm. 15. The surgical system of claim 14, wherein:
the manipulator arm is one of a plurality of manipulator arms; the arm setup comprises placement of one or more joints of the plurality of manipulator arms; and the evaluation comprises a determination of whether the placement of the one or more joints of the plurality of manipulator arms will cause collisions of one or more of the plurality of manipulator arms during a first task of the plurality of tasks. 16. The surgical system of claim 10, wherein:
the plurality of tasks comprises contact of the manipulator arm with a plurality of locations of the anatomical model prior to the cannula docking; and the operations comprise determining a location of the anatomical model in space relative to the manipulator arm by using kinematic information sensed by one or more sensors of one or more joints of the manipulator arm at the contact of the manipulator arm with the plurality of locations. 17. A surgical system comprising:
an anatomical model comprising a surgical site, a surgical device comprising a plurality of arms, a memory, one or more processors configured to access the memory, and an output device; wherein each arm of the plurality of arms comprises one or more joints; wherein each arm of the plurality of arms is movable to different positions controlled by a control device separate from the plurality of arms; wherein the plurality of arms comprises surgical instruments; and wherein the one or more processors are configured to perform operations comprising:
measuring one or more performance parameters associated with one or more tasks,
sensing positions of the plurality of arms by using sensors coupled to the one or more joints,
performing an automatic comparison between the one or more performance parameters and one or more corresponding stored parameters associated with the one or more tasks, and
determining an evaluation based on the automatic comparison,
wherein the one or more tasks are performed by at least one user with reference to the anatomical model and the surgical device,
wherein the one or more tasks comprise placement of ports in the anatomical model for a particular surgical procedure,
wherein the ports are configured to receive the surgical instruments of the plurality of arms and to position the surgical instruments with reference to one or more particular locations of the surgical site of the anatomic model,
wherein the performance parameters comprise positions of the ports in the anatomical model, and
wherein determining the evaluation comprises determining whether the placement of the ports would cause collisions amongst the plurality of arms while the plurality of arms is coupled to the ports during the particular surgical procedure. 18. The surgical system of claim 17, wherein:
the operation of determining the evaluation comprises:
determining the placement of the ports in one or more particular holes of the anatomical model, and
comparing the one or more particular holes with a reference pattern of holes associated with the particular surgical procedure. 19. The surgical system of claim 17, wherein:
the one or more tasks comprise positioning of the plurality of arms of the surgical device relative to the anatomical model. 20. The surgical system of claim 17, wherein:
the one or more tasks comprise docking of the surgical instruments of the plurality of arms to the ports in the anatomical model. 21. The surgical system of claim 17, wherein:
the anatomical model comprises a base portion, a top portion coupled to the base portion, a plurality of cannula supports, and a platform removably coupled to the base portion; the base portion forms a hollow space between the base portion and the top portion; the top portion comprises a plurality of holes; each individual cannula support of the plurality of cannula supports is aligned with one or more corresponding individual holes of the plurality of holes; the platform comprises a plurality of attachment mechanisms; each individual attachment mechanism of the plurality of attachment mechanisms is at a different location on the platform and is configured to removably attach to a corresponding individual surgical exercise component; and the placement of the ports comprises placement of one or more cannulas in one or more of the plurality of cannula supports. 22. The surgical system of claim 17, wherein:
the operation of determining the evaluation comprises:
determining whether the placement of ports has placed one or more camera instrument ports at least a first distance from the surgical site,
determining whether the placement of ports has placed one or more operating instrument ports at least a second distance from the one or more camera instrument ports and from other operating instrument ports, and
determining whether the placement of ports has placed one or more accessory ports at least a third distance from other ports. | Implementations relate to anatomical models and surgical training. In some implementations, an anatomical training model includes a base portion and a top portion that form a hollow space between the base portion and top portion. A plurality of holes are positioned in the top portion. The model includes a plurality of cannula supports, where each cannula support is aligned with one or more corresponding holes in the top portion.1. (canceled) 2. A surgical system comprising:
a memory, one or more processors configured to access the memory, and an output device; wherein the one or more processors are configured to perform operations comprising:
measuring one or more performance parameters associated with one or more tasks performed by at least one user,
performing an automatic comparison between the one or more performance parameters and corresponding one or more stored task parameters associated with the one or more tasks, and
determining an evaluation based on the automatic comparison;
wherein the one or more tasks are performed with reference to a worksite and a manipulator arm; wherein the one or more tasks include positioning of one or more joints of the manipulator arm relative to the worksite to enable a particular range of motion to a surgical instrument of the manipulator arm; wherein the manipulator arm is movable to positions controlled by a control device separate from the manipulator arm; wherein the performance parameters include corresponding one or more positions of the one or more joints of the manipulator arm; and wherein the output device is configured to output the evaluation. 3. The surgical system of claim 2, wherein:
the one or more performance parameters comprise at least one performance parameter based on kinematic information sensed for the manipulator arm by using one or more joint sensors sensing the one or more joints. 4. The surgical system of claim 2, wherein:
the manipulator arm is one of a plurality of manipulator arms; and the operation of determining the evaluation based on the automatic comparison comprises determining whether the positioning of the plurality of manipulator arms will cause manipulator arms of the plurality of manipulator arms to physically collide with each other during performance of a surgical procedure in which the plurality of manipulator arms is used. 5. The surgical system of claim 2, wherein:
the worksite is included in an anatomical model; the manipulator arm is one of a plurality of individual manipulator arms; the one or more tasks comprises placement of a plurality of individual ports into the anatomical model; and each one of the individual ports is configured to receive a corresponding surgical instrument connected to a corresponding one of the individual manipulator arms. 6. The surgical system of claim 5, wherein:
the operation of determining the evaluation comprises determining whether the placement of the individual ports will cause collisions amongst the individual manipulator arms while each one of the individual manipulator arms is coupled to a corresponding one of the individual ports during a surgical procedure. 7. The surgical system of claim 2, wherein:
the worksite is included in an anatomical model; the manipulator arm is one of a plurality of individual manipulator arms; and the one or more tasks comprises docking a plurality of individual surgical instruments, each connected to a corresponding one of the individual manipulator arms, to corresponding individual ports in the anatomical model. 8. The surgical system of claim 2, wherein:
the corresponding one or more stored task parameters are measured based on a previous performance of the one or more tasks prior to performance of the one or more tasks. 9. The surgical system of claim 2, wherein:
the performance parameters comprise one or more parameters based on sensed kinematic information for the manipulator arm; and the kinematic information comprises position and orientation of the surgical instrument based on sensed joint values of the one or more joints of the manipulator arm. 10. A surgical system comprising:
a manipulator arm, a memory, and one or more processors configured to access the memory; wherein the manipulator arm is movable to positions controlled by a control device separate from the manipulator arm; wherein the one or more processors are configured to perform operations comprising:
measuring performance parameters associated with a plurality of tasks,
storing the performance parameters in the memory,
performing an automatic comparison between the performance parameters and corresponding stored task parameters associated with the plurality of tasks, and
determining and outputting an evaluation based on the automatic comparison;
wherein each task of the plurality of tasks is performed with the manipulator arm with reference to an anatomical model; wherein the plurality of tasks comprises instrument port placement and cannula docking; wherein the instrument port placement comprises selection of a location on the anatomical model and placement of a cannula at the location; and wherein the cannula docking comprises coupling of the manipulator arm to the cannula. 11. The surgical system of claim 10, further comprising an output device; and
wherein the output device is configured to output the evaluation based on the automatic comparison. 12. The surgical system of claim 11, wherein:
the output device is configured to output graphical feedback based on the plurality of tasks performed with the manipulator arm with reference to the anatomical model; and the graphical feedback indicates one or more correct positions for the manipulator arm while the manipulator arm is coupled to the cannula. 13. The surgical system of claim 10, wherein:
the operation of determining and outputting the evaluation comprises determining whether a remote center of motion for the cannula is positioned in a predetermined position with reference to the anatomical model; and the remote center of motion for the cannula indicates a location with reference to the cannula that remains stationary in space as the manipulator arm moves in space while coupled to the cannula. 14. The surgical system of claim 10, wherein:
the plurality of tasks comprises an arm setup; and the arm setup comprises placement of one or more joints of the manipulator arm relative to the anatomical model to enable a particular range of motion to a surgical instrument coupled to the manipulator arm. 15. The surgical system of claim 14, wherein:
the manipulator arm is one of a plurality of manipulator arms; the arm setup comprises placement of one or more joints of the plurality of manipulator arms; and the evaluation comprises a determination of whether the placement of the one or more joints of the plurality of manipulator arms will cause collisions of one or more of the plurality of manipulator arms during a first task of the plurality of tasks. 16. The surgical system of claim 10, wherein:
the plurality of tasks comprises contact of the manipulator arm with a plurality of locations of the anatomical model prior to the cannula docking; and the operations comprise determining a location of the anatomical model in space relative to the manipulator arm by using kinematic information sensed by one or more sensors of one or more joints of the manipulator arm at the contact of the manipulator arm with the plurality of locations. 17. A surgical system comprising:
an anatomical model comprising a surgical site, a surgical device comprising a plurality of arms, a memory, one or more processors configured to access the memory, and an output device; wherein each arm of the plurality of arms comprises one or more joints; wherein each arm of the plurality of arms is movable to different positions controlled by a control device separate from the plurality of arms; wherein the plurality of arms comprises surgical instruments; and wherein the one or more processors are configured to perform operations comprising:
measuring one or more performance parameters associated with one or more tasks,
sensing positions of the plurality of arms by using sensors coupled to the one or more joints,
performing an automatic comparison between the one or more performance parameters and one or more corresponding stored parameters associated with the one or more tasks, and
determining an evaluation based on the automatic comparison,
wherein the one or more tasks are performed by at least one user with reference to the anatomical model and the surgical device,
wherein the one or more tasks comprise placement of ports in the anatomical model for a particular surgical procedure,
wherein the ports are configured to receive the surgical instruments of the plurality of arms and to position the surgical instruments with reference to one or more particular locations of the surgical site of the anatomic model,
wherein the performance parameters comprise positions of the ports in the anatomical model, and
wherein determining the evaluation comprises determining whether the placement of the ports would cause collisions amongst the plurality of arms while the plurality of arms is coupled to the ports during the particular surgical procedure. 18. The surgical system of claim 17, wherein:
the operation of determining the evaluation comprises:
determining the placement of the ports in one or more particular holes of the anatomical model, and
comparing the one or more particular holes with a reference pattern of holes associated with the particular surgical procedure. 19. The surgical system of claim 17, wherein:
the one or more tasks comprise positioning of the plurality of arms of the surgical device relative to the anatomical model. 20. The surgical system of claim 17, wherein:
the one or more tasks comprise docking of the surgical instruments of the plurality of arms to the ports in the anatomical model. 21. The surgical system of claim 17, wherein:
the anatomical model comprises a base portion, a top portion coupled to the base portion, a plurality of cannula supports, and a platform removably coupled to the base portion; the base portion forms a hollow space between the base portion and the top portion; the top portion comprises a plurality of holes; each individual cannula support of the plurality of cannula supports is aligned with one or more corresponding individual holes of the plurality of holes; the platform comprises a plurality of attachment mechanisms; each individual attachment mechanism of the plurality of attachment mechanisms is at a different location on the platform and is configured to removably attach to a corresponding individual surgical exercise component; and the placement of the ports comprises placement of one or more cannulas in one or more of the plurality of cannula supports. 22. The surgical system of claim 17, wherein:
the operation of determining the evaluation comprises:
determining whether the placement of ports has placed one or more camera instrument ports at least a first distance from the surgical site,
determining whether the placement of ports has placed one or more operating instrument ports at least a second distance from the one or more camera instrument ports and from other operating instrument ports, and
determining whether the placement of ports has placed one or more accessory ports at least a third distance from other ports. | 1,700 |
349,508 | 16,807,075 | 1,762 | Semiconductor devices including materials for thermal management, and associated systems and methods, are described herein. In some embodiments, a semiconductor package includes a first semiconductor die coupled to a second semiconductor die by a plurality of interconnect structures. A thermal material can be positioned between the first and second semiconductor dies. The thermal material can include an array of heat transfer elements embedded in a supporting matrix material. The array of heat transfer elements can include at least one vacant region aligned with at least one of the interconnect structures. | 1. A semiconductor package, comprising:
a first semiconductor die; a second semiconductor die; a plurality of interconnect structures coupling the first and second semiconductor dies; and a thermal material between the first and second semiconductor dies and surrounding the interconnect structures, wherein the thermal material includes—
a supporting matrix material, and
an array of heat transfer elements at least partially embedded in the supporting matrix material, wherein the array of heat transfer elements has at least one vacant region aligned with at least one of the interconnect structures. 2. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the array of heat transfer elements comprises nanoscale elements. 3. The semiconductor package of claim 2 wherein the nanoscale elements are aligned with each other. 4. The semiconductor package of claim 2 wherein the array of heat transfer elements comprises carbon nanotubes. 5. The semiconductor package of claim 4 wherein the carbon nanotubes are vertically aligned so as to facilitate heat transfer between the first and second semiconductor dies. 6. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the supporting matrix material comprises a non-conductive film or an underfill material. 7. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the supporting matrix material fills interstitial spaces between individual heat transfer elements of the array of heat transfer elements. 8. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the supporting matrix material is patterned to form a plurality of holes aligned with the plurality of interconnect structures. 9. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the array of heat transfer elements has a higher thermal conductivity than the supporting matrix material. 10. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the thermal material has a thermal conductivity of at least 20 W/mK. 11. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the array of heat transfer elements is at least 10% by weight of the thermal material. 12. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the array of heat transfer elements has a plurality of vacant regions aligned with the plurality of interconnect structures. 13. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor package, the method comprising:
forming an array of heat transfer elements including a plurality of vacant regions; embedding at least a portion of the array of heat transfer elements in a supporting matrix material; and positioning the array of heat transfer elements between a first semiconductor die and a second semiconductor die, wherein the first and second semiconductor dies are coupled to each other by a plurality of interconnect structures, and wherein the plurality of interconnect structures are aligned with the plurality of vacant regions. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the array of heat transfer elements comprises carbon nanotubes. 15. The method of claim 13 wherein forming the array of heat transfer elements comprises:
forming a uniform array of heat transfer elements; and
removing one or more portions of the uniform array of heat transfer elements to create the plurality of vacant regions. 16. The method of claim 13 wherein forming the array of heat transfer elements comprises forming heat transfer elements at selected locations so as to create the plurality of vacant regions. 17. The method of claim 13 wherein the array of heat transfer elements is formed on a surface of the first or second semiconductor die. 18. The method of claim 13 wherein the array of heat transfer elements is coupled to the first and second semiconductor dies after being formed. 19. The method of claim 13 wherein the embedding step comprises flowing the supporting matrix material into interstitial spaces between individual heat transfer elements of the array of heat transfer elements. 20. The method of claim 13 wherein the embedding step is performed before positioning the array of heat transfer elements between the first and second semiconductor dies. 21. The method of claim 13 wherein the embedding step is performed after positioning the array of heat transfer elements between the first and second semiconductor dies. | Semiconductor devices including materials for thermal management, and associated systems and methods, are described herein. In some embodiments, a semiconductor package includes a first semiconductor die coupled to a second semiconductor die by a plurality of interconnect structures. A thermal material can be positioned between the first and second semiconductor dies. The thermal material can include an array of heat transfer elements embedded in a supporting matrix material. The array of heat transfer elements can include at least one vacant region aligned with at least one of the interconnect structures.1. A semiconductor package, comprising:
a first semiconductor die; a second semiconductor die; a plurality of interconnect structures coupling the first and second semiconductor dies; and a thermal material between the first and second semiconductor dies and surrounding the interconnect structures, wherein the thermal material includes—
a supporting matrix material, and
an array of heat transfer elements at least partially embedded in the supporting matrix material, wherein the array of heat transfer elements has at least one vacant region aligned with at least one of the interconnect structures. 2. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the array of heat transfer elements comprises nanoscale elements. 3. The semiconductor package of claim 2 wherein the nanoscale elements are aligned with each other. 4. The semiconductor package of claim 2 wherein the array of heat transfer elements comprises carbon nanotubes. 5. The semiconductor package of claim 4 wherein the carbon nanotubes are vertically aligned so as to facilitate heat transfer between the first and second semiconductor dies. 6. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the supporting matrix material comprises a non-conductive film or an underfill material. 7. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the supporting matrix material fills interstitial spaces between individual heat transfer elements of the array of heat transfer elements. 8. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the supporting matrix material is patterned to form a plurality of holes aligned with the plurality of interconnect structures. 9. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the array of heat transfer elements has a higher thermal conductivity than the supporting matrix material. 10. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the thermal material has a thermal conductivity of at least 20 W/mK. 11. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the array of heat transfer elements is at least 10% by weight of the thermal material. 12. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the array of heat transfer elements has a plurality of vacant regions aligned with the plurality of interconnect structures. 13. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor package, the method comprising:
forming an array of heat transfer elements including a plurality of vacant regions; embedding at least a portion of the array of heat transfer elements in a supporting matrix material; and positioning the array of heat transfer elements between a first semiconductor die and a second semiconductor die, wherein the first and second semiconductor dies are coupled to each other by a plurality of interconnect structures, and wherein the plurality of interconnect structures are aligned with the plurality of vacant regions. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the array of heat transfer elements comprises carbon nanotubes. 15. The method of claim 13 wherein forming the array of heat transfer elements comprises:
forming a uniform array of heat transfer elements; and
removing one or more portions of the uniform array of heat transfer elements to create the plurality of vacant regions. 16. The method of claim 13 wherein forming the array of heat transfer elements comprises forming heat transfer elements at selected locations so as to create the plurality of vacant regions. 17. The method of claim 13 wherein the array of heat transfer elements is formed on a surface of the first or second semiconductor die. 18. The method of claim 13 wherein the array of heat transfer elements is coupled to the first and second semiconductor dies after being formed. 19. The method of claim 13 wherein the embedding step comprises flowing the supporting matrix material into interstitial spaces between individual heat transfer elements of the array of heat transfer elements. 20. The method of claim 13 wherein the embedding step is performed before positioning the array of heat transfer elements between the first and second semiconductor dies. 21. The method of claim 13 wherein the embedding step is performed after positioning the array of heat transfer elements between the first and second semiconductor dies. | 1,700 |
349,509 | 16,807,108 | 1,762 | A method for fabricating semiconductor device includes the steps of: providing a substrate having a fin-shaped structure thereon; forming a single diffusion break (SDB) structure in the substrate to divide the fin-shaped structure into a first portion and a second portion; forming a first gate structure on the SDB structure; forming an interlayer dielectric (ILD) layer around the first gate structure; transforming the first gate structure into a first metal gate; removing the first metal gate to form a first recess; and forming a dielectric layer in the first recess. | 1. A method for fabricating semiconductor device, comprising:
providing a substrate having a fin-shaped structure thereon; forming a single diffusion break (SDB) structure in the substrate to divide the fin-shaped structure into a first portion and a second portion; forming a first gate structure on the SDB structure; forming an interlayer dielectric (ILD) layer around the first gate structure; transforming the first gate structure into a first metal gate; removing the first metal gate to form a first recess; and forming a dielectric layer in the first recess. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a second gate structure adjacent to the first gate structure on the fin-shaped structure; forming the ILD layer around the first gate structure and the second gate structure; transforming the first gate structure and the second gate structure into the first metal gate and a second metal gate; removing part of the second metal gate to form a second recess; removing the first metal gate to form the first recess; forming a cap layer in the first recess and the second recess; forming the dielectric layer in the first recess; and planarizing the dielectric layer and the cap layer. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein a bottom surface of the first gate structure is lower than a bottom surface of the second gate structure. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein a bottom surface of the first recess is lower than a bottom surface of the second recess. 5. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
forming a first spacer around the first gate structure; forming the ILD layer around the first gate structure; transforming the first gate structure into the first metal gate; removing the first metal gate and part of the first spacer to form the first recess; and forming the cap layer on the first spacer; and forming the dielectric layer on the cap layer. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein a top surface of the first spacer is lower than a top surface of the ILD layer. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a second gate structure adjacent to the first gate structure on the fin-shaped structure; forming the ILD layer around the first gate structure and the second gate structure; transforming the first gate structure and the second gate structure into the first metal gate and a second metal gate; forming a cap layer on each of the first metal gate and the second metal gate; removing the first metal gate to form the first recess; and forming a dielectric layer in the first recess. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
forming a first spacer around the first gate structure; forming the ILD layer around the first gate structure; transforming the first gate structure into the first metal gate; removing the first metal gate and part of the first spacer to form the first recess; and forming the dielectric layer on the first spacer and in the first recess. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein a top surface of the first spacer is lower than a top surface of the ILD layer. 10. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a single diffusion break (SDB) structure dividing a fin-shaped structure into a first portion and a second portion; and an isolation structure on the SDB structure, wherein the isolation structure comprises a T-shape. 11. The semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein the isolation structure comprises:
a cap layer on the SDB structure; and a dielectric layer on the cap layer. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the dielectric layer comprises the T-shape. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the cap layer and the dielectric layer comprise the T-shape altogether. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the cap layer comprises a U-shape. 15. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the cap layer and the dielectric layer comprise different materials. 16. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a single diffusion break (SDB) structure dividing a fin-shaped structure into a first portion and a second portion; an isolation structure on the SDB structure; and a first spacer adjacent to the isolation structure, wherein a top surface of the first spacer is lower than a top surface of the isolation structure. 17. The semiconductor device of claim 16, further comprising:
a gate structure adjacent to the isolation structure; and a second spacer around the gate structure. 18. The semiconductor device of claim 17, wherein a bottom surface of the first spacer is lower than a bottom surface of the second spacer. 19. The semiconductor device of claim 17, wherein a top surface of the first spacer is lower than a top surface of the second spacer. 20. The semiconductor device of claim 17, wherein a top surface of the first spacer is higher than a bottom surface of the second spacer. | A method for fabricating semiconductor device includes the steps of: providing a substrate having a fin-shaped structure thereon; forming a single diffusion break (SDB) structure in the substrate to divide the fin-shaped structure into a first portion and a second portion; forming a first gate structure on the SDB structure; forming an interlayer dielectric (ILD) layer around the first gate structure; transforming the first gate structure into a first metal gate; removing the first metal gate to form a first recess; and forming a dielectric layer in the first recess.1. A method for fabricating semiconductor device, comprising:
providing a substrate having a fin-shaped structure thereon; forming a single diffusion break (SDB) structure in the substrate to divide the fin-shaped structure into a first portion and a second portion; forming a first gate structure on the SDB structure; forming an interlayer dielectric (ILD) layer around the first gate structure; transforming the first gate structure into a first metal gate; removing the first metal gate to form a first recess; and forming a dielectric layer in the first recess. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a second gate structure adjacent to the first gate structure on the fin-shaped structure; forming the ILD layer around the first gate structure and the second gate structure; transforming the first gate structure and the second gate structure into the first metal gate and a second metal gate; removing part of the second metal gate to form a second recess; removing the first metal gate to form the first recess; forming a cap layer in the first recess and the second recess; forming the dielectric layer in the first recess; and planarizing the dielectric layer and the cap layer. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein a bottom surface of the first gate structure is lower than a bottom surface of the second gate structure. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein a bottom surface of the first recess is lower than a bottom surface of the second recess. 5. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
forming a first spacer around the first gate structure; forming the ILD layer around the first gate structure; transforming the first gate structure into the first metal gate; removing the first metal gate and part of the first spacer to form the first recess; and forming the cap layer on the first spacer; and forming the dielectric layer on the cap layer. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein a top surface of the first spacer is lower than a top surface of the ILD layer. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a second gate structure adjacent to the first gate structure on the fin-shaped structure; forming the ILD layer around the first gate structure and the second gate structure; transforming the first gate structure and the second gate structure into the first metal gate and a second metal gate; forming a cap layer on each of the first metal gate and the second metal gate; removing the first metal gate to form the first recess; and forming a dielectric layer in the first recess. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
forming a first spacer around the first gate structure; forming the ILD layer around the first gate structure; transforming the first gate structure into the first metal gate; removing the first metal gate and part of the first spacer to form the first recess; and forming the dielectric layer on the first spacer and in the first recess. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein a top surface of the first spacer is lower than a top surface of the ILD layer. 10. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a single diffusion break (SDB) structure dividing a fin-shaped structure into a first portion and a second portion; and an isolation structure on the SDB structure, wherein the isolation structure comprises a T-shape. 11. The semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein the isolation structure comprises:
a cap layer on the SDB structure; and a dielectric layer on the cap layer. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the dielectric layer comprises the T-shape. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the cap layer and the dielectric layer comprise the T-shape altogether. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the cap layer comprises a U-shape. 15. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the cap layer and the dielectric layer comprise different materials. 16. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a single diffusion break (SDB) structure dividing a fin-shaped structure into a first portion and a second portion; an isolation structure on the SDB structure; and a first spacer adjacent to the isolation structure, wherein a top surface of the first spacer is lower than a top surface of the isolation structure. 17. The semiconductor device of claim 16, further comprising:
a gate structure adjacent to the isolation structure; and a second spacer around the gate structure. 18. The semiconductor device of claim 17, wherein a bottom surface of the first spacer is lower than a bottom surface of the second spacer. 19. The semiconductor device of claim 17, wherein a top surface of the first spacer is lower than a top surface of the second spacer. 20. The semiconductor device of claim 17, wherein a top surface of the first spacer is higher than a bottom surface of the second spacer. | 1,700 |
349,510 | 16,807,137 | 1,762 | An optical wavelength dispersion device and manufacturing method therefor are disclosed, wherein the optical wavelength dispersion device includes a waveguide unit and a reflector, wherein the waveguide unit has a first substrate, an input unit, a grating and a second substrate. The input unit is formed on the first substrate and having a slit for receiving an optical signal, a grating is formed on the first substrate for producing an output beam once the optical signal is dispersed, the second substrate is located on the input unit and the grating, and forms a waveguide space with the first substrate, the reflector is located outside of the waveguide unit, and is used for change emitting angle of the output beam. | 1. A manufacturing method of optical wavelength dispersion device, comprising the steps of:
providing a first substrate; forming a photoresist layer on the first substrate; exposing the photoresist layer through a high energy light source mask by using a high energy light source, and the high energy light source has a wavelength thereof ranging from 0.01 nm to 100 nm; developing the photoresist layer so as to form an input unit having a slit and a grating; using a second substrate to cover the input unit and the grating, thereby forming a waveguide unit; and allocating a reflector outside of the waveguide unit, wherein the reflector is used for changing emitting angle of an output beam from the grating. 2. The manufacturing method, as recited in claim 1, wherein a thickness of the photoresist layer is between 10 μm and 1000 μm. 3. The manufacturing method, as recited in claim 1, wherein the high energy light source mask includes a third substrate, a metal layer formed on the third substrate, a plurality of metal patterns formed on a top of the metal layer, and a silicon layer formed on a bottom of the third substrate. 4. The manufacturing method, as recited in claim 3, wherein the third substrate of the high energy light source mask is made of a material selected from the group consisting of Si3N4 and SiC, and a thickness thereof is between 1 μm and 5 μm. 5. The manufacturing method, as recited in claim 3, wherein the metal layer is a Ti layer with a thickness ranging from 10 nm to 200 nm, and the plurality of metal patterns is Au patterns with a thickness ranging from 1 μm to 10 μm. 6. The manufacturing method, as recited in claim 1, further comprising a step of coating a high reflectivity coating layer onto the first substrate, the second substrate, the input unit, and the grating. | An optical wavelength dispersion device and manufacturing method therefor are disclosed, wherein the optical wavelength dispersion device includes a waveguide unit and a reflector, wherein the waveguide unit has a first substrate, an input unit, a grating and a second substrate. The input unit is formed on the first substrate and having a slit for receiving an optical signal, a grating is formed on the first substrate for producing an output beam once the optical signal is dispersed, the second substrate is located on the input unit and the grating, and forms a waveguide space with the first substrate, the reflector is located outside of the waveguide unit, and is used for change emitting angle of the output beam.1. A manufacturing method of optical wavelength dispersion device, comprising the steps of:
providing a first substrate; forming a photoresist layer on the first substrate; exposing the photoresist layer through a high energy light source mask by using a high energy light source, and the high energy light source has a wavelength thereof ranging from 0.01 nm to 100 nm; developing the photoresist layer so as to form an input unit having a slit and a grating; using a second substrate to cover the input unit and the grating, thereby forming a waveguide unit; and allocating a reflector outside of the waveguide unit, wherein the reflector is used for changing emitting angle of an output beam from the grating. 2. The manufacturing method, as recited in claim 1, wherein a thickness of the photoresist layer is between 10 μm and 1000 μm. 3. The manufacturing method, as recited in claim 1, wherein the high energy light source mask includes a third substrate, a metal layer formed on the third substrate, a plurality of metal patterns formed on a top of the metal layer, and a silicon layer formed on a bottom of the third substrate. 4. The manufacturing method, as recited in claim 3, wherein the third substrate of the high energy light source mask is made of a material selected from the group consisting of Si3N4 and SiC, and a thickness thereof is between 1 μm and 5 μm. 5. The manufacturing method, as recited in claim 3, wherein the metal layer is a Ti layer with a thickness ranging from 10 nm to 200 nm, and the plurality of metal patterns is Au patterns with a thickness ranging from 1 μm to 10 μm. 6. The manufacturing method, as recited in claim 1, further comprising a step of coating a high reflectivity coating layer onto the first substrate, the second substrate, the input unit, and the grating. | 1,700 |
349,511 | 16,807,131 | 1,762 | Described herein is a prosthetic valve device having an optimized valve component for durability and functionality of the collapsible leaflets. Specially designed commissures contribute to the optimization along with identified parameters. In other embodiments, the invention is a frame formed from a unique cutting pattern. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A frame configured to accept a valve component of a prosthetic valve device comprising:
a tubular body comprising an axis; a plurality of circumferentially spaced-apart axial posts; and a lattice structure comprising open cells extending between each of the axial posts; wherein the lattice structures and the axial posts are integrally formed as a unitary structure free of seams; and wherein the axial posts comprise axially elongated nodes. 22. The frame according to claim 21, wherein comprising three circumferentially equi-spaced axial posts. 23. The frame according to claim 21, comprising wherein the tubular body of the frame is formed from a tube of shape memory metal. 24. The frame according to claim 23, wherein the tube of shape memory metal comprises a pattern formed entirely of linear slits that extend substantially parallel to the axis. 25. The frame according to claim 24, wherein the pattern further comprises a plurality of post pattern sections arranged on the tube in a circumferentially spaced-apart manner and a plurality of lattice pattern sections extending between the post pattern sections. 26. The frame according to claim 24, wherein the linear slits of the pattern are arranged in axial columns. 27. The frame according to claim 26, wherein the adjacent slits in the same axial columns of the lattice pattern sections are separated by gaps of a first axial distance, and wherein adjacent slits in the same axial columns of the post pattern sections are separated by gaps of a second axial distance that is greater than the first axial distance. 28. The frame according to claim 27, wherein the gaps of the lattice pattern sections form nodes within the lattice structure and wherein the gaps of the post pattern sections form the axially elongated nodes within the axial posts. | Described herein is a prosthetic valve device having an optimized valve component for durability and functionality of the collapsible leaflets. Specially designed commissures contribute to the optimization along with identified parameters. In other embodiments, the invention is a frame formed from a unique cutting pattern.1-20. (canceled) 21. A frame configured to accept a valve component of a prosthetic valve device comprising:
a tubular body comprising an axis; a plurality of circumferentially spaced-apart axial posts; and a lattice structure comprising open cells extending between each of the axial posts; wherein the lattice structures and the axial posts are integrally formed as a unitary structure free of seams; and wherein the axial posts comprise axially elongated nodes. 22. The frame according to claim 21, wherein comprising three circumferentially equi-spaced axial posts. 23. The frame according to claim 21, comprising wherein the tubular body of the frame is formed from a tube of shape memory metal. 24. The frame according to claim 23, wherein the tube of shape memory metal comprises a pattern formed entirely of linear slits that extend substantially parallel to the axis. 25. The frame according to claim 24, wherein the pattern further comprises a plurality of post pattern sections arranged on the tube in a circumferentially spaced-apart manner and a plurality of lattice pattern sections extending between the post pattern sections. 26. The frame according to claim 24, wherein the linear slits of the pattern are arranged in axial columns. 27. The frame according to claim 26, wherein the adjacent slits in the same axial columns of the lattice pattern sections are separated by gaps of a first axial distance, and wherein adjacent slits in the same axial columns of the post pattern sections are separated by gaps of a second axial distance that is greater than the first axial distance. 28. The frame according to claim 27, wherein the gaps of the lattice pattern sections form nodes within the lattice structure and wherein the gaps of the post pattern sections form the axially elongated nodes within the axial posts. | 1,700 |
349,512 | 16,807,098 | 1,762 | There are provided systems and methods for automatic synchronization of a device for transaction processing based on geo-fenced locations. A merchant may geo-fence an area corresponding to the merchant's location where a user may visit to purchase an item. The merchant may provide multiple transaction processing and payment options at the merchant location, including payment applications with a mobile communication device. A payment provider may detect the location of the user and determine that the user's location matches the merchant's location through the geo-fenced area for the merchant. The payment provider may then configure a payment process for the user to utilize at the merchant location using payment mechanisms accepted at the merchant location. Where multiple merchants are located nearby, the payment provider may utilize additional known information for the user to select the most likely merchant for the user. | 1. (canceled) 2. A system, comprising:
a non-transitory memory comprising instructions; and one or more hardware processors coupled to the non-transitory memory and configured to read the instructions to cause the system to perform operations comprising: detecting that a user is located within a first geo-fenced area based determining that a user device of the user has performed a check-in with a merchant, wherein the merchant corresponds to the first geo-fenced area;
in response to detecting that the user is located within the first geo-fenced area:
identifying a merchant data of the merchant;
determining a payment acceptance mechanism from a plurality of payment acceptance mechanisms based on the merchant data; and
configuring the user device to utilize the payment acceptance mechanism using a configuration data associated with the payment acceptance mechanism. 3. The system of claim 2, the operations further comprising determining that the user is allowed to transact with the merchant based on identifying a past transaction conducted between the user and the merchant. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the payment acceptance mechanism is a quick response (QR) code, and wherein the configuring the user device includes causing the user device to display a QR code. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the configuring the payment acceptance mechanism includes configuring a payment application on the user device to communicate with a merchant device over a short-range wireless communication to provide an electronic tokenized payment. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the configuring the payment acceptance mechanism includes loading a merchant information to the user device. 7. The system of claim 2, the operations further comprising:
configuring a merchant device of the merchant, wherein the configuring the merchant device includes loading a user information of the user onto the merchant device, wherein the user information includes a payment token or information corresponding to a payment instrument of the user. 8. The system of claim 2, the operations further comprising:
providing an offer to the user device for use at a location of the merchant based on determining that the user is located within the first geo-fenced area. 9. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having stored thereon machine-readable instructions executable to cause a machine to perform operations comprising:
detecting that a user is located within a first geo-fenced area based determining that a user device of the user has performed a check-in with a merchant, wherein the merchant corresponds to the first geo-fenced area; in response to detecting that the user is located within the first geo-fenced area:
identifying a merchant data of the merchant;
determining a payment acceptance mechanism from a plurality of payment acceptance mechanisms based on the merchant data; and
configuring the user device to utilize the payment acceptance mechanism using a configuration data associated with the payment acceptance mechanism. 10. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, the operations further comprising determining that the user is allowed to transact with the merchant based on identifying a past transaction conducted between the user and the merchant. 11. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the payment acceptance mechanism is a quick response (QR) code, and wherein the configuring the user device includes causing the user device to display a QR code. 12. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the configuring the payment acceptance mechanism includes configuring a payment application on the user device to communicate with a merchant device over a short-range wireless communication to provide an electronic tokenized payment. 13. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the configuring the payment acceptance mechanism includes loading a merchant information to the user device. 14. A method, comprising:
detecting that a user is located within a first geo-fenced area based determining that a user device of the user has performed a check-in with a merchant, wherein the merchant corresponds to the first geo-fenced area; in response to detecting that the user is located within the first geo-fenced area:
identifying a merchant data of the merchant;
determining a payment acceptance mechanism from a plurality of payment acceptance mechanisms based on the merchant data; and
configuring the user device to utilize the payment acceptance mechanism using a configuration data associated with the payment acceptance mechanism. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprise determining that the user is allowed to transact with the merchant based on identifying a past transaction conducted between the user and the merchant. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the payment acceptance mechanism is a quick response (QR) code, and wherein the configuring the user device includes causing the user device to display a QR code. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the configuring the payment acceptance mechanism includes configuring a payment application on the user device to communicate with a merchant device over a short-range wireless communication to provide an electronic tokenized payment. 18. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
configuring a merchant device of the merchant, wherein the configuring the merchant device includes loading a user information of the user onto the merchant device, wherein the user information includes a payment token or information corresponding to a payment instrument of the user. 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
configuring a merchant device of the merchant, wherein the configuring the merchant device includes loading a user information of the user onto the merchant device, wherein the user information includes a payment token or information corresponding to a payment instrument of the user. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
providing an offer to the user device for use at a location of the merchant based on determining that the user is located within the first geo-fenced area. | There are provided systems and methods for automatic synchronization of a device for transaction processing based on geo-fenced locations. A merchant may geo-fence an area corresponding to the merchant's location where a user may visit to purchase an item. The merchant may provide multiple transaction processing and payment options at the merchant location, including payment applications with a mobile communication device. A payment provider may detect the location of the user and determine that the user's location matches the merchant's location through the geo-fenced area for the merchant. The payment provider may then configure a payment process for the user to utilize at the merchant location using payment mechanisms accepted at the merchant location. Where multiple merchants are located nearby, the payment provider may utilize additional known information for the user to select the most likely merchant for the user.1. (canceled) 2. A system, comprising:
a non-transitory memory comprising instructions; and one or more hardware processors coupled to the non-transitory memory and configured to read the instructions to cause the system to perform operations comprising: detecting that a user is located within a first geo-fenced area based determining that a user device of the user has performed a check-in with a merchant, wherein the merchant corresponds to the first geo-fenced area;
in response to detecting that the user is located within the first geo-fenced area:
identifying a merchant data of the merchant;
determining a payment acceptance mechanism from a plurality of payment acceptance mechanisms based on the merchant data; and
configuring the user device to utilize the payment acceptance mechanism using a configuration data associated with the payment acceptance mechanism. 3. The system of claim 2, the operations further comprising determining that the user is allowed to transact with the merchant based on identifying a past transaction conducted between the user and the merchant. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the payment acceptance mechanism is a quick response (QR) code, and wherein the configuring the user device includes causing the user device to display a QR code. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the configuring the payment acceptance mechanism includes configuring a payment application on the user device to communicate with a merchant device over a short-range wireless communication to provide an electronic tokenized payment. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the configuring the payment acceptance mechanism includes loading a merchant information to the user device. 7. The system of claim 2, the operations further comprising:
configuring a merchant device of the merchant, wherein the configuring the merchant device includes loading a user information of the user onto the merchant device, wherein the user information includes a payment token or information corresponding to a payment instrument of the user. 8. The system of claim 2, the operations further comprising:
providing an offer to the user device for use at a location of the merchant based on determining that the user is located within the first geo-fenced area. 9. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having stored thereon machine-readable instructions executable to cause a machine to perform operations comprising:
detecting that a user is located within a first geo-fenced area based determining that a user device of the user has performed a check-in with a merchant, wherein the merchant corresponds to the first geo-fenced area; in response to detecting that the user is located within the first geo-fenced area:
identifying a merchant data of the merchant;
determining a payment acceptance mechanism from a plurality of payment acceptance mechanisms based on the merchant data; and
configuring the user device to utilize the payment acceptance mechanism using a configuration data associated with the payment acceptance mechanism. 10. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, the operations further comprising determining that the user is allowed to transact with the merchant based on identifying a past transaction conducted between the user and the merchant. 11. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the payment acceptance mechanism is a quick response (QR) code, and wherein the configuring the user device includes causing the user device to display a QR code. 12. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the configuring the payment acceptance mechanism includes configuring a payment application on the user device to communicate with a merchant device over a short-range wireless communication to provide an electronic tokenized payment. 13. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the configuring the payment acceptance mechanism includes loading a merchant information to the user device. 14. A method, comprising:
detecting that a user is located within a first geo-fenced area based determining that a user device of the user has performed a check-in with a merchant, wherein the merchant corresponds to the first geo-fenced area; in response to detecting that the user is located within the first geo-fenced area:
identifying a merchant data of the merchant;
determining a payment acceptance mechanism from a plurality of payment acceptance mechanisms based on the merchant data; and
configuring the user device to utilize the payment acceptance mechanism using a configuration data associated with the payment acceptance mechanism. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprise determining that the user is allowed to transact with the merchant based on identifying a past transaction conducted between the user and the merchant. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the payment acceptance mechanism is a quick response (QR) code, and wherein the configuring the user device includes causing the user device to display a QR code. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the configuring the payment acceptance mechanism includes configuring a payment application on the user device to communicate with a merchant device over a short-range wireless communication to provide an electronic tokenized payment. 18. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
configuring a merchant device of the merchant, wherein the configuring the merchant device includes loading a user information of the user onto the merchant device, wherein the user information includes a payment token or information corresponding to a payment instrument of the user. 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
configuring a merchant device of the merchant, wherein the configuring the merchant device includes loading a user information of the user onto the merchant device, wherein the user information includes a payment token or information corresponding to a payment instrument of the user. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
providing an offer to the user device for use at a location of the merchant based on determining that the user is located within the first geo-fenced area. | 1,700 |
349,513 | 16,807,118 | 3,641 | There are provided systems and methods for automatic synchronization of a device for transaction processing based on geo-fenced locations. A merchant may geo-fence an area corresponding to the merchant's location where a user may visit to purchase an item. The merchant may provide multiple transaction processing and payment options at the merchant location, including payment applications with a mobile communication device. A payment provider may detect the location of the user and determine that the user's location matches the merchant's location through the geo-fenced area for the merchant. The payment provider may then configure a payment process for the user to utilize at the merchant location using payment mechanisms accepted at the merchant location. Where multiple merchants are located nearby, the payment provider may utilize additional known information for the user to select the most likely merchant for the user. | 1. (canceled) 2. A system, comprising:
a non-transitory memory comprising instructions; and one or more hardware processors coupled to the non-transitory memory and configured to read the instructions to cause the system to perform operations comprising: detecting that a user is located within a first geo-fenced area based determining that a user device of the user has performed a check-in with a merchant, wherein the merchant corresponds to the first geo-fenced area;
in response to detecting that the user is located within the first geo-fenced area:
identifying a merchant data of the merchant;
determining a payment acceptance mechanism from a plurality of payment acceptance mechanisms based on the merchant data; and
configuring the user device to utilize the payment acceptance mechanism using a configuration data associated with the payment acceptance mechanism. 3. The system of claim 2, the operations further comprising determining that the user is allowed to transact with the merchant based on identifying a past transaction conducted between the user and the merchant. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the payment acceptance mechanism is a quick response (QR) code, and wherein the configuring the user device includes causing the user device to display a QR code. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the configuring the payment acceptance mechanism includes configuring a payment application on the user device to communicate with a merchant device over a short-range wireless communication to provide an electronic tokenized payment. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the configuring the payment acceptance mechanism includes loading a merchant information to the user device. 7. The system of claim 2, the operations further comprising:
configuring a merchant device of the merchant, wherein the configuring the merchant device includes loading a user information of the user onto the merchant device, wherein the user information includes a payment token or information corresponding to a payment instrument of the user. 8. The system of claim 2, the operations further comprising:
providing an offer to the user device for use at a location of the merchant based on determining that the user is located within the first geo-fenced area. 9. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having stored thereon machine-readable instructions executable to cause a machine to perform operations comprising:
detecting that a user is located within a first geo-fenced area based determining that a user device of the user has performed a check-in with a merchant, wherein the merchant corresponds to the first geo-fenced area; in response to detecting that the user is located within the first geo-fenced area:
identifying a merchant data of the merchant;
determining a payment acceptance mechanism from a plurality of payment acceptance mechanisms based on the merchant data; and
configuring the user device to utilize the payment acceptance mechanism using a configuration data associated with the payment acceptance mechanism. 10. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, the operations further comprising determining that the user is allowed to transact with the merchant based on identifying a past transaction conducted between the user and the merchant. 11. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the payment acceptance mechanism is a quick response (QR) code, and wherein the configuring the user device includes causing the user device to display a QR code. 12. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the configuring the payment acceptance mechanism includes configuring a payment application on the user device to communicate with a merchant device over a short-range wireless communication to provide an electronic tokenized payment. 13. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the configuring the payment acceptance mechanism includes loading a merchant information to the user device. 14. A method, comprising:
detecting that a user is located within a first geo-fenced area based determining that a user device of the user has performed a check-in with a merchant, wherein the merchant corresponds to the first geo-fenced area; in response to detecting that the user is located within the first geo-fenced area:
identifying a merchant data of the merchant;
determining a payment acceptance mechanism from a plurality of payment acceptance mechanisms based on the merchant data; and
configuring the user device to utilize the payment acceptance mechanism using a configuration data associated with the payment acceptance mechanism. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprise determining that the user is allowed to transact with the merchant based on identifying a past transaction conducted between the user and the merchant. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the payment acceptance mechanism is a quick response (QR) code, and wherein the configuring the user device includes causing the user device to display a QR code. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the configuring the payment acceptance mechanism includes configuring a payment application on the user device to communicate with a merchant device over a short-range wireless communication to provide an electronic tokenized payment. 18. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
configuring a merchant device of the merchant, wherein the configuring the merchant device includes loading a user information of the user onto the merchant device, wherein the user information includes a payment token or information corresponding to a payment instrument of the user. 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
configuring a merchant device of the merchant, wherein the configuring the merchant device includes loading a user information of the user onto the merchant device, wherein the user information includes a payment token or information corresponding to a payment instrument of the user. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
providing an offer to the user device for use at a location of the merchant based on determining that the user is located within the first geo-fenced area. | There are provided systems and methods for automatic synchronization of a device for transaction processing based on geo-fenced locations. A merchant may geo-fence an area corresponding to the merchant's location where a user may visit to purchase an item. The merchant may provide multiple transaction processing and payment options at the merchant location, including payment applications with a mobile communication device. A payment provider may detect the location of the user and determine that the user's location matches the merchant's location through the geo-fenced area for the merchant. The payment provider may then configure a payment process for the user to utilize at the merchant location using payment mechanisms accepted at the merchant location. Where multiple merchants are located nearby, the payment provider may utilize additional known information for the user to select the most likely merchant for the user.1. (canceled) 2. A system, comprising:
a non-transitory memory comprising instructions; and one or more hardware processors coupled to the non-transitory memory and configured to read the instructions to cause the system to perform operations comprising: detecting that a user is located within a first geo-fenced area based determining that a user device of the user has performed a check-in with a merchant, wherein the merchant corresponds to the first geo-fenced area;
in response to detecting that the user is located within the first geo-fenced area:
identifying a merchant data of the merchant;
determining a payment acceptance mechanism from a plurality of payment acceptance mechanisms based on the merchant data; and
configuring the user device to utilize the payment acceptance mechanism using a configuration data associated with the payment acceptance mechanism. 3. The system of claim 2, the operations further comprising determining that the user is allowed to transact with the merchant based on identifying a past transaction conducted between the user and the merchant. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the payment acceptance mechanism is a quick response (QR) code, and wherein the configuring the user device includes causing the user device to display a QR code. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the configuring the payment acceptance mechanism includes configuring a payment application on the user device to communicate with a merchant device over a short-range wireless communication to provide an electronic tokenized payment. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the configuring the payment acceptance mechanism includes loading a merchant information to the user device. 7. The system of claim 2, the operations further comprising:
configuring a merchant device of the merchant, wherein the configuring the merchant device includes loading a user information of the user onto the merchant device, wherein the user information includes a payment token or information corresponding to a payment instrument of the user. 8. The system of claim 2, the operations further comprising:
providing an offer to the user device for use at a location of the merchant based on determining that the user is located within the first geo-fenced area. 9. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having stored thereon machine-readable instructions executable to cause a machine to perform operations comprising:
detecting that a user is located within a first geo-fenced area based determining that a user device of the user has performed a check-in with a merchant, wherein the merchant corresponds to the first geo-fenced area; in response to detecting that the user is located within the first geo-fenced area:
identifying a merchant data of the merchant;
determining a payment acceptance mechanism from a plurality of payment acceptance mechanisms based on the merchant data; and
configuring the user device to utilize the payment acceptance mechanism using a configuration data associated with the payment acceptance mechanism. 10. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, the operations further comprising determining that the user is allowed to transact with the merchant based on identifying a past transaction conducted between the user and the merchant. 11. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the payment acceptance mechanism is a quick response (QR) code, and wherein the configuring the user device includes causing the user device to display a QR code. 12. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the configuring the payment acceptance mechanism includes configuring a payment application on the user device to communicate with a merchant device over a short-range wireless communication to provide an electronic tokenized payment. 13. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the configuring the payment acceptance mechanism includes loading a merchant information to the user device. 14. A method, comprising:
detecting that a user is located within a first geo-fenced area based determining that a user device of the user has performed a check-in with a merchant, wherein the merchant corresponds to the first geo-fenced area; in response to detecting that the user is located within the first geo-fenced area:
identifying a merchant data of the merchant;
determining a payment acceptance mechanism from a plurality of payment acceptance mechanisms based on the merchant data; and
configuring the user device to utilize the payment acceptance mechanism using a configuration data associated with the payment acceptance mechanism. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprise determining that the user is allowed to transact with the merchant based on identifying a past transaction conducted between the user and the merchant. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the payment acceptance mechanism is a quick response (QR) code, and wherein the configuring the user device includes causing the user device to display a QR code. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the configuring the payment acceptance mechanism includes configuring a payment application on the user device to communicate with a merchant device over a short-range wireless communication to provide an electronic tokenized payment. 18. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
configuring a merchant device of the merchant, wherein the configuring the merchant device includes loading a user information of the user onto the merchant device, wherein the user information includes a payment token or information corresponding to a payment instrument of the user. 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
configuring a merchant device of the merchant, wherein the configuring the merchant device includes loading a user information of the user onto the merchant device, wherein the user information includes a payment token or information corresponding to a payment instrument of the user. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
providing an offer to the user device for use at a location of the merchant based on determining that the user is located within the first geo-fenced area. | 3,600 |
349,514 | 16,807,127 | 2,818 | A region of a portion directly beneath an OC pad is a sensing effective region where unit cells of a current sensing portion are disposed. Directly beneath the OC pad, a region surrounding a periphery of the sensing effective region is a sensing non-operating region in which no unit cells of the current sensing portion are disposed. In the sensing non-operating region, a first p-type base region that floats is provided in a surface region of the front surface of the semiconductor substrate and is separated from a second p-type base region of the sensing effective region by an n−-type region that surrounds a periphery of the sensing effective region. The n−-type region has a surface area that is greater than that of the sensing effective region. A distance between the first and the second p-type base regions is at least 0.1 μm and is as small as possible. | 1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate containing a semiconductor having a bandgap wider than that of silicon, and having a first main surface and a second main surface opposite to the first main surface, the semiconductor substrate having first and second effective regions and a non-operating region that excludes the first and second effective regions; a first first-conductivity-type region of a first conductivity type, provided in the semiconductor substrate; a first second-conductivity-type region of a second conductivity type, provided between the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate and the first first-conductivity-type region; a first insulated gate field effect transistor provided in the first effective region and having the first first-conductivity-type region as a drift region and the first second-conductivity-type region as a base region, the first insulated gate field effect transistor having a plurality of unit cells each having a cell structure; a first source pad of the first insulated gate field effect transistor, provided on the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate and electrically connected to the first second-conductivity-type region; a second second-conductivity-type region of the second conductivity type, provided between the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate and the first first-conductivity-type region, in a region different from the first second-conductivity-type region; a second insulated gate field effect transistor, provided in the second effective region and having the first first-conductivity-type region as a drift region and the second second-conductivity-type region as a base region, the second insulated gate field effect transistor having a plurality of unit cells each having a cell structure same as the cell structure of each of the unit cells of the first insulated gate field effect transistor, a quantity of the plurality of unit cells of the second insulated gate field effect transistor being smaller than a quantity of the plurality of unit cells of the first insulated gate field effect transistor; a second source pad of the second insulated gate field effect transistor, provided on the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate separate from the first source pad and electrically connected to the second second-conductivity-type region; a third second-conductivity-type region of the second conductivity type having a floating potential and surrounding a periphery of the second effective region, the third second-conductivity-type region being provided between the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate and the first first-conductivity-type region, separate from the first effective region and the second effective region, in the non-operating region; and a drain electrode common to the first insulated gate field effect transistor and the second insulated gate field effect transistor and electrically connected to the second main surface of the semiconductor substrate. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising
a second first-conductivity-type region of the first conductivity type, surrounding a periphery of the second second-conductivity-type region and being provided between the second second-conductivity-type region and the third second-conductivity-type region, wherein a surface area of the second first-conductivity-type region is greater than a surface area of the second effective region. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
a length of an interval between the second second-conductivity-type region and the third second-conductivity-type region in a direction parallel to the first main surface is at least 0.1 μm. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the second effective region is provided directly beneath the second source pad, and the third second-conductivity-type region is provided directly beneath the second source pad and is free of the second effective region. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising:
one or more electrode pads each provided on the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate in the non-operating region, separate from the first source pad and the second source pad; and a fourth second-conductivity-type region of the second conductivity type, electrically connected to the first second-conductivity-type region and provided between the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate and the first first-conductivity-type region so as to be directly beneath all of the one or more electrode pads and separate from the third second-conductivity-type region. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 5, wherein
the one or more electrode pads include a gate pad of the first insulated gate field effect transistor. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 5, further comprising
a diode that detects a temperature of the first insulated gate field effect transistor, wherein the one or more electrode pads include an electrode pad of the diode. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 5, further comprising
a diode that protects the first insulated gate field effect transistor from overvoltage, wherein the one or more electrode pads include an electrode pad of the diode. 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the second insulated gate field effect transistor detects overcurrent flowing in the first insulated gate field effect transistor. | A region of a portion directly beneath an OC pad is a sensing effective region where unit cells of a current sensing portion are disposed. Directly beneath the OC pad, a region surrounding a periphery of the sensing effective region is a sensing non-operating region in which no unit cells of the current sensing portion are disposed. In the sensing non-operating region, a first p-type base region that floats is provided in a surface region of the front surface of the semiconductor substrate and is separated from a second p-type base region of the sensing effective region by an n−-type region that surrounds a periphery of the sensing effective region. The n−-type region has a surface area that is greater than that of the sensing effective region. A distance between the first and the second p-type base regions is at least 0.1 μm and is as small as possible.1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate containing a semiconductor having a bandgap wider than that of silicon, and having a first main surface and a second main surface opposite to the first main surface, the semiconductor substrate having first and second effective regions and a non-operating region that excludes the first and second effective regions; a first first-conductivity-type region of a first conductivity type, provided in the semiconductor substrate; a first second-conductivity-type region of a second conductivity type, provided between the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate and the first first-conductivity-type region; a first insulated gate field effect transistor provided in the first effective region and having the first first-conductivity-type region as a drift region and the first second-conductivity-type region as a base region, the first insulated gate field effect transistor having a plurality of unit cells each having a cell structure; a first source pad of the first insulated gate field effect transistor, provided on the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate and electrically connected to the first second-conductivity-type region; a second second-conductivity-type region of the second conductivity type, provided between the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate and the first first-conductivity-type region, in a region different from the first second-conductivity-type region; a second insulated gate field effect transistor, provided in the second effective region and having the first first-conductivity-type region as a drift region and the second second-conductivity-type region as a base region, the second insulated gate field effect transistor having a plurality of unit cells each having a cell structure same as the cell structure of each of the unit cells of the first insulated gate field effect transistor, a quantity of the plurality of unit cells of the second insulated gate field effect transistor being smaller than a quantity of the plurality of unit cells of the first insulated gate field effect transistor; a second source pad of the second insulated gate field effect transistor, provided on the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate separate from the first source pad and electrically connected to the second second-conductivity-type region; a third second-conductivity-type region of the second conductivity type having a floating potential and surrounding a periphery of the second effective region, the third second-conductivity-type region being provided between the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate and the first first-conductivity-type region, separate from the first effective region and the second effective region, in the non-operating region; and a drain electrode common to the first insulated gate field effect transistor and the second insulated gate field effect transistor and electrically connected to the second main surface of the semiconductor substrate. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising
a second first-conductivity-type region of the first conductivity type, surrounding a periphery of the second second-conductivity-type region and being provided between the second second-conductivity-type region and the third second-conductivity-type region, wherein a surface area of the second first-conductivity-type region is greater than a surface area of the second effective region. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
a length of an interval between the second second-conductivity-type region and the third second-conductivity-type region in a direction parallel to the first main surface is at least 0.1 μm. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the second effective region is provided directly beneath the second source pad, and the third second-conductivity-type region is provided directly beneath the second source pad and is free of the second effective region. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising:
one or more electrode pads each provided on the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate in the non-operating region, separate from the first source pad and the second source pad; and a fourth second-conductivity-type region of the second conductivity type, electrically connected to the first second-conductivity-type region and provided between the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate and the first first-conductivity-type region so as to be directly beneath all of the one or more electrode pads and separate from the third second-conductivity-type region. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 5, wherein
the one or more electrode pads include a gate pad of the first insulated gate field effect transistor. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 5, further comprising
a diode that detects a temperature of the first insulated gate field effect transistor, wherein the one or more electrode pads include an electrode pad of the diode. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 5, further comprising
a diode that protects the first insulated gate field effect transistor from overvoltage, wherein the one or more electrode pads include an electrode pad of the diode. 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the second insulated gate field effect transistor detects overcurrent flowing in the first insulated gate field effect transistor. | 2,800 |
349,515 | 16,807,119 | 3,774 | Methods and devices for the repair of a ruptured ligament using a scaffold device are provided. Aspects of the invention may include a scaffold attached by one or more sutures to one or more anchors. In aspects of the invention, the anchors may be secured to a bone near or at the repair site. | 1. A device for repair of a ligament exposed to synovial fluid comprising:
a suture having a first end and a second end, the suture being attachable to a ruptured end of a ligament, wherein the ruptured end of the ligament is connected to a first bone; and a porous scaffold having a first end and a second end opposite the first end, wherein the suture is positionable along the scaffold in a direction that extends from the first end of the scaffold to the second end of the scaffold, wherein porous scaffold has a size and shape for positioning along the suture adjacent to the ruptured end of the ligament. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the ligament is an ACL and wherein the scaffold allows cell ingrowth. 3. The device of claim 1, further comprising a mechanical device for direct contact with a second bone and being attachable to the suture. 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the mechanical device is selected from the group consisting of a screw, a barb, a helical anchor, a staple, a clip, a snap, and a rivet. 5. The device of claim 3, wherein the mechanical device is an endobutton. 6. The device of claim 1, where the scaffold further comprises a repair material. 7. The device of claim 5, wherein the repair material includes a platelet or plasma. 8. The device of claim 1, further comprising one or more growth factors configured to be disposed within or on the porous scaffold. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the porous scaffold is resistant to degradation by synovial fluid. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the porous scaffold is capable of compression and expansion. 11. The device of claim 1, wherein the porous scaffold includes collagen. 12. The device of claim 1, wherein the porous scaffold is soluble type I collagen. 13. The device of claim 1, further comprising a mechanical device for direct contact with a second bone and being attachable to the suture, wherein the porous scaffold consists essentially of collagen and is capable of compression and expansion. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the mechanical device is an endobutton. | Methods and devices for the repair of a ruptured ligament using a scaffold device are provided. Aspects of the invention may include a scaffold attached by one or more sutures to one or more anchors. In aspects of the invention, the anchors may be secured to a bone near or at the repair site.1. A device for repair of a ligament exposed to synovial fluid comprising:
a suture having a first end and a second end, the suture being attachable to a ruptured end of a ligament, wherein the ruptured end of the ligament is connected to a first bone; and a porous scaffold having a first end and a second end opposite the first end, wherein the suture is positionable along the scaffold in a direction that extends from the first end of the scaffold to the second end of the scaffold, wherein porous scaffold has a size and shape for positioning along the suture adjacent to the ruptured end of the ligament. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the ligament is an ACL and wherein the scaffold allows cell ingrowth. 3. The device of claim 1, further comprising a mechanical device for direct contact with a second bone and being attachable to the suture. 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the mechanical device is selected from the group consisting of a screw, a barb, a helical anchor, a staple, a clip, a snap, and a rivet. 5. The device of claim 3, wherein the mechanical device is an endobutton. 6. The device of claim 1, where the scaffold further comprises a repair material. 7. The device of claim 5, wherein the repair material includes a platelet or plasma. 8. The device of claim 1, further comprising one or more growth factors configured to be disposed within or on the porous scaffold. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the porous scaffold is resistant to degradation by synovial fluid. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the porous scaffold is capable of compression and expansion. 11. The device of claim 1, wherein the porous scaffold includes collagen. 12. The device of claim 1, wherein the porous scaffold is soluble type I collagen. 13. The device of claim 1, further comprising a mechanical device for direct contact with a second bone and being attachable to the suture, wherein the porous scaffold consists essentially of collagen and is capable of compression and expansion. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the mechanical device is an endobutton. | 3,700 |
349,516 | 16,807,115 | 2,826 | Unit cells of a current sensing portion are disposed in a sensing effective region of a main non-operating region. In a sensing non-operating region of the main non-operating region excluding the sensing effective region, an n−-type region that surrounds a periphery of the sensing effective region is disposed in a surface region of the front surface of the semiconductor substrate. In the main non-operating region, a p-type base region disposed in a surface region of the front surface of the semiconductor substrate opposes the sensing effective region across the n−-type region. The p-type base region is fixed at a source potential of the main semiconductor element 11. A field insulating film on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate is thicker at a portion that covers the n−-type region that in other portions. | 1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate containing a semiconductor having a bandgap wider than that of silicon, and having a first main surface and a second main surface opposite to the first main surface, the semiconductor substrate having first and second effective regions and a non-operating region that excludes the first and second effective regions; a first first-conductivity-type region of a first conductivity type, provided in the semiconductor substrate; a first second-conductivity-type region of a second conductivity type, provided between the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate and the first first-conductivity-type region; a first insulated gate field effect transistor, provided in the first effective region and having the first first-conductivity-type region as a drift region and the first second-conductivity-type region as a base region, the first insulated gate field effect transistor being constituted by a plurality of unit cells each having a cell structure; a first source pad of the first insulated gate field effect transistor, provided on the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate and electrically connected to the first second-conductivity-type region; a second second-conductivity-type region of the second conductivity type, provided between the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate and the first first-conductivity-type region, in a region different from the first second-conductivity-type region; a second insulated gate field effect transistor, provided in the second effective region, and having the first first-conductivity-type region as a drift region and the second second-conductivity-type region as a base region, the second insulated gate field effect transistor being constituted by a plurality of unit cells each having a cell structure same as the cell structure of each of the unit cells of the first insulated gate field effect transistor, a quantity of the plurality of unit cells of the second insulated gate field effect transistor being smaller than a quantity of the plurality of unit cells of the first insulated gate field effect transistor; a second source pad of the second insulated gate field effect transistor, provided on the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate, being separate from the first source pad and electrically connected to the second second-conductivity-type region; a field insulating film including a first part that covers the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate in the non-operating region and a second part that covers the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate in the first and second effective regions; a second first-conductivity-type region of the first conductivity type, surrounding a periphery of the second effective region and contacting the second effective region, the second first-conductivity-type region being provided in the non-operating region, between the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate and the first first-conductivity-type region; and a drain electrode that is common to the first insulated gate field effect transistor and the second insulated gate field effect transistor, and is electrically connected to the second main surface of the semiconductor substrate, wherein the first part of the field insulating film has a thickness greater than a thickness of the second part of the field insulating film. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
a surface area of the second first-conductivity-type region is at least equal to a surface area of the second effective region. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein
the second first-type region is provided in an entire region that is directly beneath the second source pad and excludes the second effective region. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 3, further comprising
one or more electrode pads each facing the semiconductor substrate in a direction orthogonal to the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate, being provided on the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate in the non-operating region, and being separate from the first source pad and the second source pad, wherein the second first-conductivity-type region extends from directly beneath the second source pad, to a region that faces at least one of the one or more electrode pads in the direction orthogonal to the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein
the one or more electrode pads includes a gate pad of the first insulated gate field effect transistor. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, further comprising
a diode that detects a temperature of the first insulated gate field effect transistor, wherein the one or more electrode pads includes an electrode pad of the diode. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, further comprising
a diode that protects the first insulated gate field effect transistor from overvoltage, wherein the one or more electrode pads includes an electrode pad of the diode. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein
the second first-conductivity-type region is provided in an entire area of the non-operating region. 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising
a third second-conductivity-type region of the second conductivity type, provided in a region within the non-operating region excluding a region in which the second first-conductivity-type region is provided, the third second-conductivity-type region being provided between the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate and the first first-conductivity-type region, being electrically connected to the first second-conductivity-type region, and facing the second effective region in a direction parallel to the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate, via the second first-conductivity-type region. 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the thickness of the first part of the field insulating film is 1.5 times to 2.5 times the thickness of the second part of the field insulating film. 11. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the second insulated gate field effect transistor detects overcurrent of the first insulated gate field effect transistor. | Unit cells of a current sensing portion are disposed in a sensing effective region of a main non-operating region. In a sensing non-operating region of the main non-operating region excluding the sensing effective region, an n−-type region that surrounds a periphery of the sensing effective region is disposed in a surface region of the front surface of the semiconductor substrate. In the main non-operating region, a p-type base region disposed in a surface region of the front surface of the semiconductor substrate opposes the sensing effective region across the n−-type region. The p-type base region is fixed at a source potential of the main semiconductor element 11. A field insulating film on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate is thicker at a portion that covers the n−-type region that in other portions.1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate containing a semiconductor having a bandgap wider than that of silicon, and having a first main surface and a second main surface opposite to the first main surface, the semiconductor substrate having first and second effective regions and a non-operating region that excludes the first and second effective regions; a first first-conductivity-type region of a first conductivity type, provided in the semiconductor substrate; a first second-conductivity-type region of a second conductivity type, provided between the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate and the first first-conductivity-type region; a first insulated gate field effect transistor, provided in the first effective region and having the first first-conductivity-type region as a drift region and the first second-conductivity-type region as a base region, the first insulated gate field effect transistor being constituted by a plurality of unit cells each having a cell structure; a first source pad of the first insulated gate field effect transistor, provided on the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate and electrically connected to the first second-conductivity-type region; a second second-conductivity-type region of the second conductivity type, provided between the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate and the first first-conductivity-type region, in a region different from the first second-conductivity-type region; a second insulated gate field effect transistor, provided in the second effective region, and having the first first-conductivity-type region as a drift region and the second second-conductivity-type region as a base region, the second insulated gate field effect transistor being constituted by a plurality of unit cells each having a cell structure same as the cell structure of each of the unit cells of the first insulated gate field effect transistor, a quantity of the plurality of unit cells of the second insulated gate field effect transistor being smaller than a quantity of the plurality of unit cells of the first insulated gate field effect transistor; a second source pad of the second insulated gate field effect transistor, provided on the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate, being separate from the first source pad and electrically connected to the second second-conductivity-type region; a field insulating film including a first part that covers the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate in the non-operating region and a second part that covers the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate in the first and second effective regions; a second first-conductivity-type region of the first conductivity type, surrounding a periphery of the second effective region and contacting the second effective region, the second first-conductivity-type region being provided in the non-operating region, between the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate and the first first-conductivity-type region; and a drain electrode that is common to the first insulated gate field effect transistor and the second insulated gate field effect transistor, and is electrically connected to the second main surface of the semiconductor substrate, wherein the first part of the field insulating film has a thickness greater than a thickness of the second part of the field insulating film. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
a surface area of the second first-conductivity-type region is at least equal to a surface area of the second effective region. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein
the second first-type region is provided in an entire region that is directly beneath the second source pad and excludes the second effective region. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 3, further comprising
one or more electrode pads each facing the semiconductor substrate in a direction orthogonal to the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate, being provided on the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate in the non-operating region, and being separate from the first source pad and the second source pad, wherein the second first-conductivity-type region extends from directly beneath the second source pad, to a region that faces at least one of the one or more electrode pads in the direction orthogonal to the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein
the one or more electrode pads includes a gate pad of the first insulated gate field effect transistor. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, further comprising
a diode that detects a temperature of the first insulated gate field effect transistor, wherein the one or more electrode pads includes an electrode pad of the diode. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, further comprising
a diode that protects the first insulated gate field effect transistor from overvoltage, wherein the one or more electrode pads includes an electrode pad of the diode. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein
the second first-conductivity-type region is provided in an entire area of the non-operating region. 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising
a third second-conductivity-type region of the second conductivity type, provided in a region within the non-operating region excluding a region in which the second first-conductivity-type region is provided, the third second-conductivity-type region being provided between the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate and the first first-conductivity-type region, being electrically connected to the first second-conductivity-type region, and facing the second effective region in a direction parallel to the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate, via the second first-conductivity-type region. 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the thickness of the first part of the field insulating film is 1.5 times to 2.5 times the thickness of the second part of the field insulating film. 11. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the second insulated gate field effect transistor detects overcurrent of the first insulated gate field effect transistor. | 2,800 |
349,517 | 16,807,120 | 2,826 | A tiltable vehicle is configured to transform between an autonomous mode and a rideable mode by pivoting the handlebars and steering column of the vehicle about a pitch axis. In the autonomous mode, the steering column is folded back toward the chassis and a tiltable chassis of the vehicle is prevented from tilting. In the rideable mode, the steering column is unfolded and the chassis is free to tilt. In some examples, a tiltable vehicle includes features beneficial for vehicle-sharing, such as parking devices or a basket. These features may be included on any suitable vehicle and are not limited to use on transforming vehicles. | 1. A tilting vehicle, comprising:
a pair of front wheels coupled to a tiltable chassis by a first mechanical linkage, wherein the pair of front wheels and the chassis are configured to tilt in unison with respect to a roll axis of the chassis; a single rear wheel coupled to the chassis; a motor coupled to the rear wheel and configured to drive the rear wheel to propel the vehicle; a tilt actuator operatively coupled to the chassis and configured to selectively tilt the chassis; and a controller including processing logic configured to selectively control the tilt actuator to automatically maintain a net force vector applied to the chassis in alignment with a median plane of the chassis, wherein the net force vector is determined by gravity in combination with any applicable centrifugal force applied to the chassis; wherein the first mechanical linkage includes:
a first upper bar segment coupled at an inboard end to the chassis by a first inboard pivot joint and coupled at an outboard end to a left kingpin link by a first upper pivot joint, a second upper bar segment coupled at an inboard end to the chassis by a second inboard pivot joint spaced from the first inboard pivot joint and coupled at an outboard end to a right kingpin link by a second upper pivot joint, and
a bottom bar coupled to the chassis at a central pivot joint, coupled to the left kingpin link at a first lower pivot joint, and coupled to the right kingpin link at a second lower pivot joint,
wherein the inboard pivot joints of each of the first and second upper bar segments are disposed outboard relative to the central pivot joint. 2. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein a first distance between the first inboard pivot joint and the first upper pivot joint, a second distance between the second inboard pivot joint and the second upper pivot joint, a third distance between the central pivot joint and the first lower pivot joint, and a fourth distance between the central pivot joint and the second lower pivot joint have a same length. 3. The vehicle of claim 2, wherein each of the kingpin links comprises an L-shaped structural member. 4. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the bottom bar of the first mechanical linkage has a central opening, the chassis further comprising a structural beam having a bottom end disposed within the opening, the structural beam coupled at the bottom end to the bottom bar. 5. The vehicle of claim 4, further comprising:
a steering shaft disposed within the structural beam; a tie rod coupling the front wheels of the vehicle to each other; and a steering crank connecting the steering shaft to the tie rod. 6. The vehicle of claim 5, further comprising a steering actuator operatively coupled to the tie rod and configured to selectively steer the front wheels. 7. The vehicle of claim 5, further comprising a handlebar operatively connected to the steering shaft. 8. The vehicle of claim 7, further comprising:
a handlebar assembly including the handlebar, the structural beam, and the steering shaft; wherein the handlebar assembly is configured to pivot selectively about a pitch axis between:
(a) a first mode, in which the chassis is configured to support a rider thereon and to steer the vehicle in response to rider input, and
(b) a second mode, in which the handlebar assembly is displaced to a rider-unusable position, and the vehicle is steered by the controller. 9. The vehicle of claim 1, further comprising a tilt-lock mechanism configured to selectively wedge the chassis into an upright orientation. 10. A three-wheeled vehicle, comprising:
a pair of front wheels coupled to a tiltable chassis by a tilt linkage, such that the pair of front wheels and the chassis are configured to tilt in unison with respect to a roll axis of the chassis, wherein the tilt linkage comprises a four-bar linkage, and a pair of upper bar segments are coupled to the chassis at spaced-apart respective inboard joints; a single rear wheel coupled to the chassis, the rear wheel comprising a hub motor configured to drive the rear wheel to propel the vehicle; an orientation sensor configured to detect directional information regarding a net force vector applied to the chassis; a tilt actuator operatively coupled to the chassis and configured to selectively tilt the chassis; a controller including processing logic configured to selectively control the tilt actuator based on the directional information from the orientation sensor to automatically maintain the net force vector in alignment with a median plane of the chassis; and a rider support platform having a handlebar assembly and a seat, wherein the rider support platform is configured to transition between:
(a) a first mode, in which the rider support platform is configured to support a rider thereon and to steer the vehicle in response to rider input, and
(b) a second mode, in which the handlebar assembly is pivoted rearward toward the seat such that a rider is prevented from mounting the vehicle, and the vehicle is steered automatically by the controller. 11. The vehicle of claim 10, wherein the inboard joints of the upper bar segments are each disposed outboard of a central chassis joint of a lower bar of the tilt linkage. 12. The vehicle of claim 11, wherein the tilt linkage further comprises a pair of kingpins each coupled to one of the front wheels;
wherein each kingpin is coupled at an upper kingpin joint to a respective one of the upper bar segments; wherein each kingpin is coupled at a lower kingpin joint to the lower bar; and wherein the lower kingpin joints are disposed inboard relative to the upper kingpin joints. 13. The vehicle of claim 12, wherein each of the upper bar segments has a respective first distance defined between the inboard joint of the segment and the associated upper kingpin joint, the lower bar has a second distance defined between the central joint and one of lower kingpin joints, and the first distance is the same as the second distance. 14. The vehicle of claim 12, wherein each kingpin comprises an L-shaped structural member. 15. The vehicle of claim 10, further comprising a tilt-lock mechanism configured to selectively wedge the chassis into an upright orientation. 16. The vehicle of claim 15, wherein the vehicle is configured to automatically engage the tilt-lock mechanism when the rider support platform is in the second mode. 17. The vehicle of claim 16, wherein the tilt-lock mechanism comprises a pivotable bracket coupled to the handlebar assembly by a mechanical linkage configured to pivot the bracket into a tilt-locking orientation when the handlebar assembly is pivoted rearward. 18. The vehicle of claim 10, further comprising:
a steering actuator operatively coupled to the pair of front wheels by a steering linkage, and configured to selectively steer the front wheels. 19. The vehicle of claim 18, wherein the steering actuator is coupled to the handlebar assembly. | A tiltable vehicle is configured to transform between an autonomous mode and a rideable mode by pivoting the handlebars and steering column of the vehicle about a pitch axis. In the autonomous mode, the steering column is folded back toward the chassis and a tiltable chassis of the vehicle is prevented from tilting. In the rideable mode, the steering column is unfolded and the chassis is free to tilt. In some examples, a tiltable vehicle includes features beneficial for vehicle-sharing, such as parking devices or a basket. These features may be included on any suitable vehicle and are not limited to use on transforming vehicles.1. A tilting vehicle, comprising:
a pair of front wheels coupled to a tiltable chassis by a first mechanical linkage, wherein the pair of front wheels and the chassis are configured to tilt in unison with respect to a roll axis of the chassis; a single rear wheel coupled to the chassis; a motor coupled to the rear wheel and configured to drive the rear wheel to propel the vehicle; a tilt actuator operatively coupled to the chassis and configured to selectively tilt the chassis; and a controller including processing logic configured to selectively control the tilt actuator to automatically maintain a net force vector applied to the chassis in alignment with a median plane of the chassis, wherein the net force vector is determined by gravity in combination with any applicable centrifugal force applied to the chassis; wherein the first mechanical linkage includes:
a first upper bar segment coupled at an inboard end to the chassis by a first inboard pivot joint and coupled at an outboard end to a left kingpin link by a first upper pivot joint, a second upper bar segment coupled at an inboard end to the chassis by a second inboard pivot joint spaced from the first inboard pivot joint and coupled at an outboard end to a right kingpin link by a second upper pivot joint, and
a bottom bar coupled to the chassis at a central pivot joint, coupled to the left kingpin link at a first lower pivot joint, and coupled to the right kingpin link at a second lower pivot joint,
wherein the inboard pivot joints of each of the first and second upper bar segments are disposed outboard relative to the central pivot joint. 2. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein a first distance between the first inboard pivot joint and the first upper pivot joint, a second distance between the second inboard pivot joint and the second upper pivot joint, a third distance between the central pivot joint and the first lower pivot joint, and a fourth distance between the central pivot joint and the second lower pivot joint have a same length. 3. The vehicle of claim 2, wherein each of the kingpin links comprises an L-shaped structural member. 4. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the bottom bar of the first mechanical linkage has a central opening, the chassis further comprising a structural beam having a bottom end disposed within the opening, the structural beam coupled at the bottom end to the bottom bar. 5. The vehicle of claim 4, further comprising:
a steering shaft disposed within the structural beam; a tie rod coupling the front wheels of the vehicle to each other; and a steering crank connecting the steering shaft to the tie rod. 6. The vehicle of claim 5, further comprising a steering actuator operatively coupled to the tie rod and configured to selectively steer the front wheels. 7. The vehicle of claim 5, further comprising a handlebar operatively connected to the steering shaft. 8. The vehicle of claim 7, further comprising:
a handlebar assembly including the handlebar, the structural beam, and the steering shaft; wherein the handlebar assembly is configured to pivot selectively about a pitch axis between:
(a) a first mode, in which the chassis is configured to support a rider thereon and to steer the vehicle in response to rider input, and
(b) a second mode, in which the handlebar assembly is displaced to a rider-unusable position, and the vehicle is steered by the controller. 9. The vehicle of claim 1, further comprising a tilt-lock mechanism configured to selectively wedge the chassis into an upright orientation. 10. A three-wheeled vehicle, comprising:
a pair of front wheels coupled to a tiltable chassis by a tilt linkage, such that the pair of front wheels and the chassis are configured to tilt in unison with respect to a roll axis of the chassis, wherein the tilt linkage comprises a four-bar linkage, and a pair of upper bar segments are coupled to the chassis at spaced-apart respective inboard joints; a single rear wheel coupled to the chassis, the rear wheel comprising a hub motor configured to drive the rear wheel to propel the vehicle; an orientation sensor configured to detect directional information regarding a net force vector applied to the chassis; a tilt actuator operatively coupled to the chassis and configured to selectively tilt the chassis; a controller including processing logic configured to selectively control the tilt actuator based on the directional information from the orientation sensor to automatically maintain the net force vector in alignment with a median plane of the chassis; and a rider support platform having a handlebar assembly and a seat, wherein the rider support platform is configured to transition between:
(a) a first mode, in which the rider support platform is configured to support a rider thereon and to steer the vehicle in response to rider input, and
(b) a second mode, in which the handlebar assembly is pivoted rearward toward the seat such that a rider is prevented from mounting the vehicle, and the vehicle is steered automatically by the controller. 11. The vehicle of claim 10, wherein the inboard joints of the upper bar segments are each disposed outboard of a central chassis joint of a lower bar of the tilt linkage. 12. The vehicle of claim 11, wherein the tilt linkage further comprises a pair of kingpins each coupled to one of the front wheels;
wherein each kingpin is coupled at an upper kingpin joint to a respective one of the upper bar segments; wherein each kingpin is coupled at a lower kingpin joint to the lower bar; and wherein the lower kingpin joints are disposed inboard relative to the upper kingpin joints. 13. The vehicle of claim 12, wherein each of the upper bar segments has a respective first distance defined between the inboard joint of the segment and the associated upper kingpin joint, the lower bar has a second distance defined between the central joint and one of lower kingpin joints, and the first distance is the same as the second distance. 14. The vehicle of claim 12, wherein each kingpin comprises an L-shaped structural member. 15. The vehicle of claim 10, further comprising a tilt-lock mechanism configured to selectively wedge the chassis into an upright orientation. 16. The vehicle of claim 15, wherein the vehicle is configured to automatically engage the tilt-lock mechanism when the rider support platform is in the second mode. 17. The vehicle of claim 16, wherein the tilt-lock mechanism comprises a pivotable bracket coupled to the handlebar assembly by a mechanical linkage configured to pivot the bracket into a tilt-locking orientation when the handlebar assembly is pivoted rearward. 18. The vehicle of claim 10, further comprising:
a steering actuator operatively coupled to the pair of front wheels by a steering linkage, and configured to selectively steer the front wheels. 19. The vehicle of claim 18, wherein the steering actuator is coupled to the handlebar assembly. | 2,800 |
349,518 | 16,807,121 | 2,826 | An indoor grill comprises a plate and an additional plate. In various embodiments the plate is coupled to the additional plate via a hinge or other suitable fastener allowing a distance between the plate and the additional plate to be changed. A heating element is coupled to the plate and to the additional plate that is configured to transfer heat to one or more of the plate and the additional plate. In various embodiments, the plate includes one or more patterns of spikes that pierce a surface of food placed on the indoor grill when pressed against the food. Heat from the heating element is transferred to the spikes, so when the spikes pierce the food, heat from the spikes heats the food from below the surface of the food. In some embodiments, the additional plate also includes one or more patterns of spikes. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a plate having one or more patterns of spikes, each spike configured to pierce a surface of food contacting the plate; an additional plate coupled to the plate, a distance between the plate and the additional plate capable of being changed; and a heating element coupled to the plat and configured to transfer heat to the plate, which transfers heat to the one or more patterns of spikes. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the additional plate includes one or more patterns of spikes each configured to pierce another surface of food contacting the additional plate. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the additional plate is coupled to the plate via a hinge. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the heating element is coupled to the additional plate and is configured to transfer heat to the additional plate. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plate and the additional plate are configured to rotate about a horizontal axis. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the plate and the additional plate are configured to rotate to be perpendicular to the horizontal axis. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising a catch basin positioned below a location where a surface of the plate is nearest a surface of the additional plate 1 c when the plate and the additional plate are perpendicular to the horizontal axis. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plate comprises one or more sub-regions, each sub region including the one or more patterns of spikes. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein portions of the plate other than the one or more sub-regions do not include the one or more patterns of spikes. | An indoor grill comprises a plate and an additional plate. In various embodiments the plate is coupled to the additional plate via a hinge or other suitable fastener allowing a distance between the plate and the additional plate to be changed. A heating element is coupled to the plate and to the additional plate that is configured to transfer heat to one or more of the plate and the additional plate. In various embodiments, the plate includes one or more patterns of spikes that pierce a surface of food placed on the indoor grill when pressed against the food. Heat from the heating element is transferred to the spikes, so when the spikes pierce the food, heat from the spikes heats the food from below the surface of the food. In some embodiments, the additional plate also includes one or more patterns of spikes.1. An apparatus comprising:
a plate having one or more patterns of spikes, each spike configured to pierce a surface of food contacting the plate; an additional plate coupled to the plate, a distance between the plate and the additional plate capable of being changed; and a heating element coupled to the plat and configured to transfer heat to the plate, which transfers heat to the one or more patterns of spikes. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the additional plate includes one or more patterns of spikes each configured to pierce another surface of food contacting the additional plate. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the additional plate is coupled to the plate via a hinge. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the heating element is coupled to the additional plate and is configured to transfer heat to the additional plate. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plate and the additional plate are configured to rotate about a horizontal axis. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the plate and the additional plate are configured to rotate to be perpendicular to the horizontal axis. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising a catch basin positioned below a location where a surface of the plate is nearest a surface of the additional plate 1 c when the plate and the additional plate are perpendicular to the horizontal axis. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plate comprises one or more sub-regions, each sub region including the one or more patterns of spikes. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein portions of the plate other than the one or more sub-regions do not include the one or more patterns of spikes. | 2,800 |
349,519 | 16,807,092 | 2,826 | This disclosure provides systems and methods for providing an emergency alert notification. An electronic communication device can receive, from an alert generation device, a low power advertising packet responsive to an action performed on the alert generation device. Before the action is performed, the alert generation device can be in a low power state, such as a sleep state, to conserve battery. The action can cause the alert generation device to transition from the low power state to a second state in which the alert generation device begins transmitting the advertising packet. The electronic communication device can identify at least one emergency contact to receive an alert based on a contact policy and can determine an alert type based on the contact policy. The electronic communication device can generate the alert including a request for assistance and can transmit the alert to the at least one emergency contact. | 1. A system for providing an alert notification, comprising an alert generation device comprising a triggering element and an electronic communication device, the electronic communication device configured to:
receive, from the alert generation device, a low power advertising packet via a short-range wireless communication protocol responsive to an action performed on the triggering element of the alert generation device causing the alert generation device to switch from a first state to a second state, wherein the alert generation device is configured to consume more power in the second state than in the first state, the low power advertising packet including at least one field including a value reserved for advertising packets; and responsive to the electronic communication device receiving the low power advertising packet from the alert generation device, the electronic communication device further configured to:
determine a current location of the electronic communication device using a sensor of the electronic communication device;
identify at least one contact to receive an alert based on a contact policy, wherein the contact policy is stored in a memory element of the electronic communication device;
and
transmit a communication event to a remote communication device of the at least one contact, the communication event configured to cause generation of the alert on the remote communication device of the at least one contact;
determine that the at least one contact has not provided a response to the alert within a predetermined time period;
identify, responsive to the determination that the at least one contact has not provided the response to the alert within the predetermined time period, a second contact to receive a second alert based on the contact policy; and
transmit a second communication event to a second remote communication device associated with the second contact, the second communication event configured to cause generation of the second alert on the second remote communication device of the second contact. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the contact policy comprises calendar information stored in a memory element of the electronic communication device. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the electronic communication device is configured to identify the at least one contact by:
determining, based on the calendar information stored in the memory element of the electronic communication device, that a user of the electronic communication device is scheduled to be at a work-related event when the low power advertising packet is received; and identifying the at least one contact from among a plurality of coworkers of the user. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the electronic communication device identifies the at least one contact by:
determining a respective current location of each of a plurality of contacts; and identifying the at least one contact from among the plurality of contacts based on a proximity of the current location of each of the plurality of contacts to the current location of the electronic communication device. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the electronic communication device further receives a first response to the second alert from the second remote communication device of the second contact, the response indicating that the second contact received the second alert. 6. (canceled) 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the electronic communication device is further configured to generate, responsive to receiving the low power advertising packet, an audible alarm. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the electronic communication device is further configured to generate a visual indication that the communication event was transmitted to the at least one contact. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the electronic communication device transmits the communication event to the at least one contact by updating a status of a social media account of a user of the electronic communication device to indicate that the user of the electronic communication device may require assistance. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the alert includes an indication of the current location of the electronic communication device. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the electronic communication device is further configured to:
track, for a predetermined period of time, the current location of the electronic communication device; and update, during the predetermined period of time, a website to include an indication of the current location of the electronic communication device during the predetermined time period, wherein the alert comprises a uniform resource locator (URL) of the web site. 12. A method for providing an alert notification, comprising:
receiving, by an electronic communication device from an alert generation device via a short-range wireless communication protocol, a low power advertising packet responsive to an action performed on a triggering element of the alert generation device causing the alert generation device to switch from a first state to a second state, wherein the alert generation device is configured to consume more power in the second state than in the first state, the low power advertising packet including at least one field including a value reserved for advertising packets; and responsive to the electronic communication device receiving the low power advertising packet from the alert generation device:
determining, by the electronic communication device, a current location of the electronic communication device using a sensor of the electronic communication device;
identifying, by the electronic communication device, at least one contact to receive an alert based on a contact policy, wherein the contact policy is stored in a memory element of the electronic communication device;
transmitting, by the electronic communication device, a communication event to a remote communication device of the at least one contact, the communication event configured to cause generation of the alert on the remote communication device of the at least one contact;
determining, by the electronic communication device, that the at least one contact has not provided a response to the alert within a predetermined time period;
identifying, by the electronic communication device responsive to the determination that the at least one contact has not provided the response to the alert within the predetermined time period, a second contact to receive a second alert based on the contact policy;
transmitting, by the electronic communication device, a second communication event to a second remote communication device associated with the second contact, the second communication event configured to cause generation of the second alert on the second remote communication device of the second contact. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the contact policy comprises calendar information stored in a memory element of the electronic communication device. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein identifying the at least one contact comprises:
determining, by the electronic communication device based on the calendar information stored in the memory element of the electronic communication device, that a user of the electronic communication device is scheduled to be at a work-related event when the low power advertising packet is received; and identifying the at least one contact from among a plurality of coworkers of the user. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein identifying the at least one contact comprises:
determining, by the electronic communication device, a respective current location of each of a plurality of contacts; and identifying the at least one contact from among the plurality of contacts based on a proximity of the current location of each of the plurality of contacts to the current location of the electronic communication device. 16. The method of claim 12, further comprising receiving, by the electronic communication device, a first response to the second alert from the second remote communication device of the second contact, the response indicating that the second contact received the second alert. 17. (canceled) 18. The method of claim 12, further comprising generating, by the electronic communication device responsive to receiving the low power advertising packet, an audible alarm. 19. The method of claim 12, further comprising generating, by the electronic communication device, a visual indication that the communication event was transmitted to the remote communication device of the at least one contact. 20. The method of claim 12, wherein transmitting the communication event to the remote communication device of the at least one contact comprises updating a status of a social media account of a user of the electronic communication device to indicate that the user of the electronic communication device may require assistance. | This disclosure provides systems and methods for providing an emergency alert notification. An electronic communication device can receive, from an alert generation device, a low power advertising packet responsive to an action performed on the alert generation device. Before the action is performed, the alert generation device can be in a low power state, such as a sleep state, to conserve battery. The action can cause the alert generation device to transition from the low power state to a second state in which the alert generation device begins transmitting the advertising packet. The electronic communication device can identify at least one emergency contact to receive an alert based on a contact policy and can determine an alert type based on the contact policy. The electronic communication device can generate the alert including a request for assistance and can transmit the alert to the at least one emergency contact.1. A system for providing an alert notification, comprising an alert generation device comprising a triggering element and an electronic communication device, the electronic communication device configured to:
receive, from the alert generation device, a low power advertising packet via a short-range wireless communication protocol responsive to an action performed on the triggering element of the alert generation device causing the alert generation device to switch from a first state to a second state, wherein the alert generation device is configured to consume more power in the second state than in the first state, the low power advertising packet including at least one field including a value reserved for advertising packets; and responsive to the electronic communication device receiving the low power advertising packet from the alert generation device, the electronic communication device further configured to:
determine a current location of the electronic communication device using a sensor of the electronic communication device;
identify at least one contact to receive an alert based on a contact policy, wherein the contact policy is stored in a memory element of the electronic communication device;
and
transmit a communication event to a remote communication device of the at least one contact, the communication event configured to cause generation of the alert on the remote communication device of the at least one contact;
determine that the at least one contact has not provided a response to the alert within a predetermined time period;
identify, responsive to the determination that the at least one contact has not provided the response to the alert within the predetermined time period, a second contact to receive a second alert based on the contact policy; and
transmit a second communication event to a second remote communication device associated with the second contact, the second communication event configured to cause generation of the second alert on the second remote communication device of the second contact. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the contact policy comprises calendar information stored in a memory element of the electronic communication device. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the electronic communication device is configured to identify the at least one contact by:
determining, based on the calendar information stored in the memory element of the electronic communication device, that a user of the electronic communication device is scheduled to be at a work-related event when the low power advertising packet is received; and identifying the at least one contact from among a plurality of coworkers of the user. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the electronic communication device identifies the at least one contact by:
determining a respective current location of each of a plurality of contacts; and identifying the at least one contact from among the plurality of contacts based on a proximity of the current location of each of the plurality of contacts to the current location of the electronic communication device. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the electronic communication device further receives a first response to the second alert from the second remote communication device of the second contact, the response indicating that the second contact received the second alert. 6. (canceled) 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the electronic communication device is further configured to generate, responsive to receiving the low power advertising packet, an audible alarm. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the electronic communication device is further configured to generate a visual indication that the communication event was transmitted to the at least one contact. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the electronic communication device transmits the communication event to the at least one contact by updating a status of a social media account of a user of the electronic communication device to indicate that the user of the electronic communication device may require assistance. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the alert includes an indication of the current location of the electronic communication device. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the electronic communication device is further configured to:
track, for a predetermined period of time, the current location of the electronic communication device; and update, during the predetermined period of time, a website to include an indication of the current location of the electronic communication device during the predetermined time period, wherein the alert comprises a uniform resource locator (URL) of the web site. 12. A method for providing an alert notification, comprising:
receiving, by an electronic communication device from an alert generation device via a short-range wireless communication protocol, a low power advertising packet responsive to an action performed on a triggering element of the alert generation device causing the alert generation device to switch from a first state to a second state, wherein the alert generation device is configured to consume more power in the second state than in the first state, the low power advertising packet including at least one field including a value reserved for advertising packets; and responsive to the electronic communication device receiving the low power advertising packet from the alert generation device:
determining, by the electronic communication device, a current location of the electronic communication device using a sensor of the electronic communication device;
identifying, by the electronic communication device, at least one contact to receive an alert based on a contact policy, wherein the contact policy is stored in a memory element of the electronic communication device;
transmitting, by the electronic communication device, a communication event to a remote communication device of the at least one contact, the communication event configured to cause generation of the alert on the remote communication device of the at least one contact;
determining, by the electronic communication device, that the at least one contact has not provided a response to the alert within a predetermined time period;
identifying, by the electronic communication device responsive to the determination that the at least one contact has not provided the response to the alert within the predetermined time period, a second contact to receive a second alert based on the contact policy;
transmitting, by the electronic communication device, a second communication event to a second remote communication device associated with the second contact, the second communication event configured to cause generation of the second alert on the second remote communication device of the second contact. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the contact policy comprises calendar information stored in a memory element of the electronic communication device. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein identifying the at least one contact comprises:
determining, by the electronic communication device based on the calendar information stored in the memory element of the electronic communication device, that a user of the electronic communication device is scheduled to be at a work-related event when the low power advertising packet is received; and identifying the at least one contact from among a plurality of coworkers of the user. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein identifying the at least one contact comprises:
determining, by the electronic communication device, a respective current location of each of a plurality of contacts; and identifying the at least one contact from among the plurality of contacts based on a proximity of the current location of each of the plurality of contacts to the current location of the electronic communication device. 16. The method of claim 12, further comprising receiving, by the electronic communication device, a first response to the second alert from the second remote communication device of the second contact, the response indicating that the second contact received the second alert. 17. (canceled) 18. The method of claim 12, further comprising generating, by the electronic communication device responsive to receiving the low power advertising packet, an audible alarm. 19. The method of claim 12, further comprising generating, by the electronic communication device, a visual indication that the communication event was transmitted to the remote communication device of the at least one contact. 20. The method of claim 12, wherein transmitting the communication event to the remote communication device of the at least one contact comprises updating a status of a social media account of a user of the electronic communication device to indicate that the user of the electronic communication device may require assistance. | 2,800 |
349,520 | 16,807,037 | 2,826 | The present application relates to functionalized 1,2,4,5-tetrazine compounds. The compounds are useful in compositions and methods using bioorthogonal inverse electron demand Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions for the rapid and specific covalent delivery of a “payload” to a ligand bound to a biological target. | 1. A compound according to the Formula (I): 2. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein RN is hydrogen. 3. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein RN is an amine protecting group. 4. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 3, wherein RN is a tert-butyloxycarbonyl group. 5. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 3, wherein RN is a 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl group. 6. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein RC is hydrogen. 7. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein RC is a carboxyl protecting group. 8. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein RC is (C1-C6)alkyl. 9. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein R1 is hydrogen, (C1-C6)alkyl, or (C1-C6)haloalkyl. 10. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein R1 is hydrogen. 11. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein R1 is (C1-C6)alkyl. 12. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein A is absent. 13. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 12, wherein n2 is 0 and the compound is according to the formula (IA): 14. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 12 and 13, wherein n1 is 1. 15. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 12, wherein the compound is selected from compounds of the following formulae: 16. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein A is according to formula (A1): 17. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 16, wherein n2 is 0 and the compound is according to the formula (IB): 18. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 16, wherein the compound is selected from compounds of the following formulae: 19. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein A is according to formula (A2): 20. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 19, wherein n1 is 3, 4 or 5. 21. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 19, wherein n1 is 4 and the compound is according to the formula (IC): 22. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 19 to 21, wherein n2 is 0, 1, or 2. 23. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 22, wherein n2 is 2. 24. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 19, wherein the compound is selected from compounds of the following formulae: 25. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein A is according to formula (A3): 26. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 25, wherein n2 is other than 0. 27. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 25 or 26, wherein n1 is 4 and the compound is according to the formula (ID): 28. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 25, wherein the compound is selected from compounds of the following formulae: 29. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein A is according to formula (A4): 30. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 29, wherein n1 is 1. 31. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 29, wherein n1 is 2. 32. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 29 to 31, wherein n2 is 5. 33. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 29, wherein the compound is selected from compounds of the following formulae: 34. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein A is according to formula (A5): 35. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 34, wherein n1 is 3, 4 or 5. 36. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 34, wherein n1 is 4. 37. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 34 to 36, wherein n2 is 0. 38. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 34, wherein the compound is selected from compounds of the following formulae: 39. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 38, wherein the amino acid has (L) configuration. 40. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 38, wherein the amino acid has (D) configuration. 41. A compound according to the Formula (II): 42. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 41, wherein R2 is hydrogen, (C1-C6)alkyl, or (C1-C6)haloalkyl. 43. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 41, wherein R2 is hydrogen. 44. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 41, wherein R2 is (C1-C6)alkyl. 45. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 41, wherein R2 is methyl. 46. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 41 to 45, wherein m is 2. 47. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 41 to 46, wherein R3 is selected from —CO2H 48. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 41 to 47, wherein R3 is OSO2Ar. 49. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 48, wherein R3 is OSO2p-Tolyl. 50. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 41, wherein the compound is selected from compounds of the following formulae: 51. A compound according to the Formula (III): 52. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 51, wherein R4 is hydrogen, (C1-C6)alkyl or (C1-C6)haloalkyl. 53. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 51, wherein R4 is hydrogen. 54. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 51, wherein R4 is (C1-C6)alkyl. 55. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 54, wherein R4 is methyl. 56. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 51 to 55, wherein B1 is N, B2 is CH, B3 is CH and B4 is CH. 57. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 51 to 55, wherein B1 is N, B2 is CH, B3 is N and B4 is CH. 58. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 51 to 55, wherein B1 is N, B2 is CH, B3 is CH and B4 is N. 59. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 51 to 55, wherein B1 is CH, B2 is N, B3 is CH and B4 is CH. 60. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 51 to 55, wherein B1 is CH, B2 is N, B3 is CH and B4 is N. 61. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 51 to 55, wherein B1 is CH or CR5, B2 is CH or CR5, B3 is CH or CR5 and B4 is CH or CR5. 62. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 51 to 55, wherein B1 is CR5, B2 is CH, B3 is CH and B4 is CH. 63. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 51 to 55, 61 or 62, wherein R5 is halogen. 64. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 63, wherein R5 is fluorine. 65. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 51, wherein the compound is selected from compounds of the following formulae: | The present application relates to functionalized 1,2,4,5-tetrazine compounds. The compounds are useful in compositions and methods using bioorthogonal inverse electron demand Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions for the rapid and specific covalent delivery of a “payload” to a ligand bound to a biological target.1. A compound according to the Formula (I): 2. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein RN is hydrogen. 3. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein RN is an amine protecting group. 4. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 3, wherein RN is a tert-butyloxycarbonyl group. 5. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 3, wherein RN is a 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl group. 6. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein RC is hydrogen. 7. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein RC is a carboxyl protecting group. 8. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein RC is (C1-C6)alkyl. 9. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein R1 is hydrogen, (C1-C6)alkyl, or (C1-C6)haloalkyl. 10. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein R1 is hydrogen. 11. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein R1 is (C1-C6)alkyl. 12. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein A is absent. 13. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 12, wherein n2 is 0 and the compound is according to the formula (IA): 14. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 12 and 13, wherein n1 is 1. 15. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 12, wherein the compound is selected from compounds of the following formulae: 16. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein A is according to formula (A1): 17. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 16, wherein n2 is 0 and the compound is according to the formula (IB): 18. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 16, wherein the compound is selected from compounds of the following formulae: 19. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein A is according to formula (A2): 20. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 19, wherein n1 is 3, 4 or 5. 21. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 19, wherein n1 is 4 and the compound is according to the formula (IC): 22. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 19 to 21, wherein n2 is 0, 1, or 2. 23. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 22, wherein n2 is 2. 24. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 19, wherein the compound is selected from compounds of the following formulae: 25. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein A is according to formula (A3): 26. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 25, wherein n2 is other than 0. 27. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 25 or 26, wherein n1 is 4 and the compound is according to the formula (ID): 28. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 25, wherein the compound is selected from compounds of the following formulae: 29. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein A is according to formula (A4): 30. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 29, wherein n1 is 1. 31. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 29, wherein n1 is 2. 32. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 29 to 31, wherein n2 is 5. 33. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 29, wherein the compound is selected from compounds of the following formulae: 34. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein A is according to formula (A5): 35. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 34, wherein n1 is 3, 4 or 5. 36. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 34, wherein n1 is 4. 37. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 34 to 36, wherein n2 is 0. 38. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 34, wherein the compound is selected from compounds of the following formulae: 39. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 38, wherein the amino acid has (L) configuration. 40. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 38, wherein the amino acid has (D) configuration. 41. A compound according to the Formula (II): 42. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 41, wherein R2 is hydrogen, (C1-C6)alkyl, or (C1-C6)haloalkyl. 43. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 41, wherein R2 is hydrogen. 44. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 41, wherein R2 is (C1-C6)alkyl. 45. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 41, wherein R2 is methyl. 46. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 41 to 45, wherein m is 2. 47. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 41 to 46, wherein R3 is selected from —CO2H 48. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 41 to 47, wherein R3 is OSO2Ar. 49. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 48, wherein R3 is OSO2p-Tolyl. 50. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 41, wherein the compound is selected from compounds of the following formulae: 51. A compound according to the Formula (III): 52. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 51, wherein R4 is hydrogen, (C1-C6)alkyl or (C1-C6)haloalkyl. 53. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 51, wherein R4 is hydrogen. 54. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 51, wherein R4 is (C1-C6)alkyl. 55. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 54, wherein R4 is methyl. 56. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 51 to 55, wherein B1 is N, B2 is CH, B3 is CH and B4 is CH. 57. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 51 to 55, wherein B1 is N, B2 is CH, B3 is N and B4 is CH. 58. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 51 to 55, wherein B1 is N, B2 is CH, B3 is CH and B4 is N. 59. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 51 to 55, wherein B1 is CH, B2 is N, B3 is CH and B4 is CH. 60. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 51 to 55, wherein B1 is CH, B2 is N, B3 is CH and B4 is N. 61. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 51 to 55, wherein B1 is CH or CR5, B2 is CH or CR5, B3 is CH or CR5 and B4 is CH or CR5. 62. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 51 to 55, wherein B1 is CR5, B2 is CH, B3 is CH and B4 is CH. 63. A compound or salt thereof according to any one of claims 51 to 55, 61 or 62, wherein R5 is halogen. 64. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 63, wherein R5 is fluorine. 65. A compound or salt thereof according to claim 51, wherein the compound is selected from compounds of the following formulae: | 2,800 |
349,521 | 16,807,113 | 2,826 | This application relates to a vaporization device including a housing, a top cap and a heating assembly. The housing further has a storage chamber and a channel. The top cap further has a first top cap component and a second top cap component. The first top cap component has at least one through hole configured to suppress a flow rate of tobacco tar flowing from the storage chamber into the heating assembly. | 1. 1. A vaporization device comprising:
a housing comprising a storage chamber; a top cap disposed in the housing and connected to the storage chamber; and a heating assembly disposed in the housing and connected to the top cap, wherein the top cap comprises a first top cap component and a second top cap component that are engaged with each other and in fluid communication with each other, the first top cap component being connected to the storage chamber, and the second top cap component being connected to the heating assembly, wherein the first top cap component comprises a first through hole in fluid communication with the storage chamber, the first through hole comprising a first side wall and a second side wall opposite to the first side wall, wherein the first through hole comprises a first baffle at a location close to the storage chamber, the first baffle extending from the first side wall for protruding; and the first through hole comprises a second baffle at a location close to the second top cap component, the second baffle extending from the second side wall for protruding. 2. The vaporization device according to claim 1, wherein the first baffle substantially extends horizontally from the first side wall, and the second baffle substantially extends horizontally from the second side wall. 3. The vaporization device according to claim 1, wherein the second baffle at least partially overlaps with a vertical projection of the first baffle. 4. The vaporization device according to claim 1, wherein the second baffle does not overlap with a vertical projection of the first baffle. 5. The vaporization device according to claim 1, wherein the second top cap component comprises a second through hole and a third through hole that are in fluid communication with the heating assembly. 6. The vaporization device according to claim 5, wherein a ratio of the cross-sectional area of the second through hole or the third through hole to the cross-sectional area of the storage chamber is about 1:15 to 1:20. 7. The vaporization device according to claim 5, wherein a cross-sectional diameter of the second through hole or the third through hole is about 1.7 mm. 8. The vaporization device according to claim 1, wherein the top cap further comprises a sealing element engaged with the second top cap component and interconnected with the heating assembly. 9. The vaporization device according to claim 8, wherein the heating assembly comprises a heating component and a heating base for supporting the heating component, and the sealing element is disposed on the heating component. 10. The vaporization device according to claim 9, wherein the sealing element comprises a top, a bottom and a third side wall extending between the top and bottom, the third side wall comprising a first groove, the top comprising a second groove, and the bottom comprising a third groove, a cavity being defined between the first groove and the heating component. 11. The vaporization device according to claim 10, wherein the third side wall of the sealing element comprises a first partition, the first partition comprising a first segment and a second segment, and a first end of the first segment being interconnected with a second end of the second segment. 12. The vaporization device according to claim 11, wherein there is a first angle between the first segment and the second segment, the first angle being between about 90 degrees and 180 degrees. 13. The vaporization device according to claim 11, wherein the first segment comprises a third end opposite to the first end, and the second segment comprises a fourth end opposite to the second end, a first gap being formed between the third end and a first surface of the first groove, and a second gap being formed between the fourth end and a second surface that is of the first groove and that is opposite to the first surface. 14. The vaporization device according to claim 11, wherein the third side wall of the sealing element further comprises a second partition, the second partition comprising a third segment and a fourth segment, a third gap being formed between a fifth end of the third segment and a sixth end of the fourth segment. 15. The vaporization device according to claim 14, wherein there is a first angle between the first segment and the second segment, and there is a second angle between the third segment and the fourth segment, the first angle being different from the second angle. 16. The vaporization device according to claim 14, wherein the third segment extends at an angle from a first side of the first groove toward a second side that is of the first groove and that is opposite to the first side, and the fourth segment extends at an angle from the second side of the first groove toward the first side of the first groove. 17. The vaporization device according to claim 8, wherein the first top cap component, the second top cap component and the sealing element are made of different materials. 18. The vaporization device according to claim 1, wherein the first top cap component is made of silica gel. 19. The vaporization device according to claim 8, wherein the sealing element is made of silica gel. 20. The vaporization device according to claim 9, further comprising a first tar absorbing pad, the first tar absorbing pad being disposed between the heating component and the heating base. 21. The vaporization device according to claim 9, wherein the heating base comprises a first opening, and the heating assembly is connected to the outside through the first opening. 22. The vaporization device according to claim 21, wherein the first opening is disposed adjacent to a first end of the heating base, a second end opposite to the first end of the heating base comprising a second tar absorbing pad. 23. The vaporization device according to claim 20, wherein the first tar absorbing pad is made of macromolecule cotton. 24. The vaporization device according to claim 22, wherein the second tar absorbing pad is made of macromolecule cotton. 25. The vaporization device according to claim 9, further comprising a circuit board electrically connected to the heating component. | This application relates to a vaporization device including a housing, a top cap and a heating assembly. The housing further has a storage chamber and a channel. The top cap further has a first top cap component and a second top cap component. The first top cap component has at least one through hole configured to suppress a flow rate of tobacco tar flowing from the storage chamber into the heating assembly.1. 1. A vaporization device comprising:
a housing comprising a storage chamber; a top cap disposed in the housing and connected to the storage chamber; and a heating assembly disposed in the housing and connected to the top cap, wherein the top cap comprises a first top cap component and a second top cap component that are engaged with each other and in fluid communication with each other, the first top cap component being connected to the storage chamber, and the second top cap component being connected to the heating assembly, wherein the first top cap component comprises a first through hole in fluid communication with the storage chamber, the first through hole comprising a first side wall and a second side wall opposite to the first side wall, wherein the first through hole comprises a first baffle at a location close to the storage chamber, the first baffle extending from the first side wall for protruding; and the first through hole comprises a second baffle at a location close to the second top cap component, the second baffle extending from the second side wall for protruding. 2. The vaporization device according to claim 1, wherein the first baffle substantially extends horizontally from the first side wall, and the second baffle substantially extends horizontally from the second side wall. 3. The vaporization device according to claim 1, wherein the second baffle at least partially overlaps with a vertical projection of the first baffle. 4. The vaporization device according to claim 1, wherein the second baffle does not overlap with a vertical projection of the first baffle. 5. The vaporization device according to claim 1, wherein the second top cap component comprises a second through hole and a third through hole that are in fluid communication with the heating assembly. 6. The vaporization device according to claim 5, wherein a ratio of the cross-sectional area of the second through hole or the third through hole to the cross-sectional area of the storage chamber is about 1:15 to 1:20. 7. The vaporization device according to claim 5, wherein a cross-sectional diameter of the second through hole or the third through hole is about 1.7 mm. 8. The vaporization device according to claim 1, wherein the top cap further comprises a sealing element engaged with the second top cap component and interconnected with the heating assembly. 9. The vaporization device according to claim 8, wherein the heating assembly comprises a heating component and a heating base for supporting the heating component, and the sealing element is disposed on the heating component. 10. The vaporization device according to claim 9, wherein the sealing element comprises a top, a bottom and a third side wall extending between the top and bottom, the third side wall comprising a first groove, the top comprising a second groove, and the bottom comprising a third groove, a cavity being defined between the first groove and the heating component. 11. The vaporization device according to claim 10, wherein the third side wall of the sealing element comprises a first partition, the first partition comprising a first segment and a second segment, and a first end of the first segment being interconnected with a second end of the second segment. 12. The vaporization device according to claim 11, wherein there is a first angle between the first segment and the second segment, the first angle being between about 90 degrees and 180 degrees. 13. The vaporization device according to claim 11, wherein the first segment comprises a third end opposite to the first end, and the second segment comprises a fourth end opposite to the second end, a first gap being formed between the third end and a first surface of the first groove, and a second gap being formed between the fourth end and a second surface that is of the first groove and that is opposite to the first surface. 14. The vaporization device according to claim 11, wherein the third side wall of the sealing element further comprises a second partition, the second partition comprising a third segment and a fourth segment, a third gap being formed between a fifth end of the third segment and a sixth end of the fourth segment. 15. The vaporization device according to claim 14, wherein there is a first angle between the first segment and the second segment, and there is a second angle between the third segment and the fourth segment, the first angle being different from the second angle. 16. The vaporization device according to claim 14, wherein the third segment extends at an angle from a first side of the first groove toward a second side that is of the first groove and that is opposite to the first side, and the fourth segment extends at an angle from the second side of the first groove toward the first side of the first groove. 17. The vaporization device according to claim 8, wherein the first top cap component, the second top cap component and the sealing element are made of different materials. 18. The vaporization device according to claim 1, wherein the first top cap component is made of silica gel. 19. The vaporization device according to claim 8, wherein the sealing element is made of silica gel. 20. The vaporization device according to claim 9, further comprising a first tar absorbing pad, the first tar absorbing pad being disposed between the heating component and the heating base. 21. The vaporization device according to claim 9, wherein the heating base comprises a first opening, and the heating assembly is connected to the outside through the first opening. 22. The vaporization device according to claim 21, wherein the first opening is disposed adjacent to a first end of the heating base, a second end opposite to the first end of the heating base comprising a second tar absorbing pad. 23. The vaporization device according to claim 20, wherein the first tar absorbing pad is made of macromolecule cotton. 24. The vaporization device according to claim 22, wherein the second tar absorbing pad is made of macromolecule cotton. 25. The vaporization device according to claim 9, further comprising a circuit board electrically connected to the heating component. | 2,800 |
349,522 | 16,807,086 | 2,826 | A cleaning system includes at least one cleaning module configured to receive a substrate after a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process and to remove contaminants on the substrate using a cleaning solution. The cleaning system further includes a cleaning solution supply system configured to supply the cleaning solution to the at least one cleaning module. The cleaning solution supply system includes at least one temperature control system. The at least one temperature control system includes a heating device configured to heat the cleaning solution, a cooling device configured to cool the cleaning solution, a temperature sensor configured to monitor a temperature of the cleaning solution, and a temperature controller configured to control the heating device and the cooling device. | 1. A cleaning system, comprising:
at least one cleaning module configured to receive a substrate after a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process and to remove contaminants on the substrate using a cleaning solution; and a cleaning solution supply system configured to supply the cleaning solution to the at least one cleaning module, wherein the cleaning solution supply system comprises at least one temperature control system, the at least one temperature control system comprising:
a heating device configured to heat the cleaning solution;
a cooling device configured to cool the cleaning solution;
a temperature sensor configured to monitor a temperature of the cleaning solution; and
a temperature controller configured to control the heating device and the cooling device. 2. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the at least one cleaning module comprises a megasonic cleaning module configured to remove the contaminants from a front side surface and a backside surface of the substrate using megasonic energy. 3. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the at least one cleaning module comprises a pre-cleaning module configured to remove the contaminants from a front side surface of the substrate using a pad. 4. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the at least one cleaning module comprises a brush cleaning module configured to remove the contaminants from a front side and a backside of the substrate using a pair of brushes. 5. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the heating device is configured to heat the cleaning solution from about 30° C. to about 100° C. 6. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the cooling device is configured to cool the cleaning solution from about −10° C. to 10° C. 7. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the temperature sensor comprises a thermocouple, a resistance temperature detector, or a thermistor. 8. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the cleaning solution comprises an acidic solution or a base solution. 9. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the cleaning solution comprises hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid, ammonium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, or a mixture thereof. 10. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the cleaning solution comprises deionized water. 11. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the cleaning solution comprises chloroform, dichloromethane, or benzene, acetone, or mixtures thereof. 12. A chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) system, comprising:
a polishing system configured to polish a substrate; and a cleaning system configured to remove contaminants remaining on the substrate after the substrate has been polished in the polishing system, the cleaning system comprising:
a plurality of cleaning modules, wherein a first cleaning module of the plurality of cleaning modules is configured to perform a first cleaning process and a second cleaning module of the plurality of cleaning modules is configured to perform a second cleaning process; and
a cleaning solution supply system configured to supply a first cleaning solution of a first temperature to the first cleaning module and a second cleaning solution of a second temperature to the second cleaning module, wherein the first temperature is different from the second temperature. 13. The CMP system of claim 12, wherein the first cleaning solution is different from the second cleaning solution. 14. The CMP system of claim 12, wherein the cleaning solution supply system comprises:
a plurality of cleaning fluid source tanks each of which is configured to hold a cleaning fluid; a chemical mixer configured to mix two or more cleaning fluids from the plurality of cleaning fluid source tanks; and a temperature control system, wherein the temperature control system is configured to heat or cool a cleaning solution from respective cleaning fluid source tanks or the chemical mixer to a predetermined temperature. 15. The CMP system of claim 14, wherein the temperature control system comprises:
a heating device configured to heat the cleaning solution; a cooling device configured to cool the cleaning solution; a temperature sensor configured to monitor a temperature of the cleaning solution; and a temperature controller configured to control the heating device and the cooling device. 16. A method of cleaning a substrate following a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process, comprising:
providing a substrate in need of removing CMP contaminants into a cleaning module; supplying a cleaning solution to the cleaning module, the cleaning solution having a temperature above or below an ambient temperature; and removing the CMP contaminants from the substrate using the cleaning solution. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising heating the cleaning solution from about 30° C. to about 100° C. using a heating device. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising cooling the cleaning solution from about −10° C. to about 10° C. using a cooling device. 19. The method of claim 16, further comprising monitoring the temperature of the cleaning solution using a temperature sensor. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising adjusting the temperature of the cleaning solution based on types of the CMP contaminants on the substrate. | A cleaning system includes at least one cleaning module configured to receive a substrate after a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process and to remove contaminants on the substrate using a cleaning solution. The cleaning system further includes a cleaning solution supply system configured to supply the cleaning solution to the at least one cleaning module. The cleaning solution supply system includes at least one temperature control system. The at least one temperature control system includes a heating device configured to heat the cleaning solution, a cooling device configured to cool the cleaning solution, a temperature sensor configured to monitor a temperature of the cleaning solution, and a temperature controller configured to control the heating device and the cooling device.1. A cleaning system, comprising:
at least one cleaning module configured to receive a substrate after a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process and to remove contaminants on the substrate using a cleaning solution; and a cleaning solution supply system configured to supply the cleaning solution to the at least one cleaning module, wherein the cleaning solution supply system comprises at least one temperature control system, the at least one temperature control system comprising:
a heating device configured to heat the cleaning solution;
a cooling device configured to cool the cleaning solution;
a temperature sensor configured to monitor a temperature of the cleaning solution; and
a temperature controller configured to control the heating device and the cooling device. 2. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the at least one cleaning module comprises a megasonic cleaning module configured to remove the contaminants from a front side surface and a backside surface of the substrate using megasonic energy. 3. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the at least one cleaning module comprises a pre-cleaning module configured to remove the contaminants from a front side surface of the substrate using a pad. 4. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the at least one cleaning module comprises a brush cleaning module configured to remove the contaminants from a front side and a backside of the substrate using a pair of brushes. 5. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the heating device is configured to heat the cleaning solution from about 30° C. to about 100° C. 6. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the cooling device is configured to cool the cleaning solution from about −10° C. to 10° C. 7. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the temperature sensor comprises a thermocouple, a resistance temperature detector, or a thermistor. 8. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the cleaning solution comprises an acidic solution or a base solution. 9. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the cleaning solution comprises hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid, ammonium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, or a mixture thereof. 10. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the cleaning solution comprises deionized water. 11. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the cleaning solution comprises chloroform, dichloromethane, or benzene, acetone, or mixtures thereof. 12. A chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) system, comprising:
a polishing system configured to polish a substrate; and a cleaning system configured to remove contaminants remaining on the substrate after the substrate has been polished in the polishing system, the cleaning system comprising:
a plurality of cleaning modules, wherein a first cleaning module of the plurality of cleaning modules is configured to perform a first cleaning process and a second cleaning module of the plurality of cleaning modules is configured to perform a second cleaning process; and
a cleaning solution supply system configured to supply a first cleaning solution of a first temperature to the first cleaning module and a second cleaning solution of a second temperature to the second cleaning module, wherein the first temperature is different from the second temperature. 13. The CMP system of claim 12, wherein the first cleaning solution is different from the second cleaning solution. 14. The CMP system of claim 12, wherein the cleaning solution supply system comprises:
a plurality of cleaning fluid source tanks each of which is configured to hold a cleaning fluid; a chemical mixer configured to mix two or more cleaning fluids from the plurality of cleaning fluid source tanks; and a temperature control system, wherein the temperature control system is configured to heat or cool a cleaning solution from respective cleaning fluid source tanks or the chemical mixer to a predetermined temperature. 15. The CMP system of claim 14, wherein the temperature control system comprises:
a heating device configured to heat the cleaning solution; a cooling device configured to cool the cleaning solution; a temperature sensor configured to monitor a temperature of the cleaning solution; and a temperature controller configured to control the heating device and the cooling device. 16. A method of cleaning a substrate following a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process, comprising:
providing a substrate in need of removing CMP contaminants into a cleaning module; supplying a cleaning solution to the cleaning module, the cleaning solution having a temperature above or below an ambient temperature; and removing the CMP contaminants from the substrate using the cleaning solution. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising heating the cleaning solution from about 30° C. to about 100° C. using a heating device. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising cooling the cleaning solution from about −10° C. to about 10° C. using a cooling device. 19. The method of claim 16, further comprising monitoring the temperature of the cleaning solution using a temperature sensor. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising adjusting the temperature of the cleaning solution based on types of the CMP contaminants on the substrate. | 2,800 |
349,523 | 16,807,104 | 2,827 | A cleaning system includes at least one cleaning module configured to receive a substrate after a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process and to remove contaminants on the substrate using a cleaning solution. The cleaning system further includes a cleaning solution supply system configured to supply the cleaning solution to the at least one cleaning module. The cleaning solution supply system includes at least one temperature control system. The at least one temperature control system includes a heating device configured to heat the cleaning solution, a cooling device configured to cool the cleaning solution, a temperature sensor configured to monitor a temperature of the cleaning solution, and a temperature controller configured to control the heating device and the cooling device. | 1. A cleaning system, comprising:
at least one cleaning module configured to receive a substrate after a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process and to remove contaminants on the substrate using a cleaning solution; and a cleaning solution supply system configured to supply the cleaning solution to the at least one cleaning module, wherein the cleaning solution supply system comprises at least one temperature control system, the at least one temperature control system comprising:
a heating device configured to heat the cleaning solution;
a cooling device configured to cool the cleaning solution;
a temperature sensor configured to monitor a temperature of the cleaning solution; and
a temperature controller configured to control the heating device and the cooling device. 2. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the at least one cleaning module comprises a megasonic cleaning module configured to remove the contaminants from a front side surface and a backside surface of the substrate using megasonic energy. 3. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the at least one cleaning module comprises a pre-cleaning module configured to remove the contaminants from a front side surface of the substrate using a pad. 4. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the at least one cleaning module comprises a brush cleaning module configured to remove the contaminants from a front side and a backside of the substrate using a pair of brushes. 5. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the heating device is configured to heat the cleaning solution from about 30° C. to about 100° C. 6. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the cooling device is configured to cool the cleaning solution from about −10° C. to 10° C. 7. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the temperature sensor comprises a thermocouple, a resistance temperature detector, or a thermistor. 8. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the cleaning solution comprises an acidic solution or a base solution. 9. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the cleaning solution comprises hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid, ammonium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, or a mixture thereof. 10. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the cleaning solution comprises deionized water. 11. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the cleaning solution comprises chloroform, dichloromethane, or benzene, acetone, or mixtures thereof. 12. A chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) system, comprising:
a polishing system configured to polish a substrate; and a cleaning system configured to remove contaminants remaining on the substrate after the substrate has been polished in the polishing system, the cleaning system comprising:
a plurality of cleaning modules, wherein a first cleaning module of the plurality of cleaning modules is configured to perform a first cleaning process and a second cleaning module of the plurality of cleaning modules is configured to perform a second cleaning process; and
a cleaning solution supply system configured to supply a first cleaning solution of a first temperature to the first cleaning module and a second cleaning solution of a second temperature to the second cleaning module, wherein the first temperature is different from the second temperature. 13. The CMP system of claim 12, wherein the first cleaning solution is different from the second cleaning solution. 14. The CMP system of claim 12, wherein the cleaning solution supply system comprises:
a plurality of cleaning fluid source tanks each of which is configured to hold a cleaning fluid; a chemical mixer configured to mix two or more cleaning fluids from the plurality of cleaning fluid source tanks; and a temperature control system, wherein the temperature control system is configured to heat or cool a cleaning solution from respective cleaning fluid source tanks or the chemical mixer to a predetermined temperature. 15. The CMP system of claim 14, wherein the temperature control system comprises:
a heating device configured to heat the cleaning solution; a cooling device configured to cool the cleaning solution; a temperature sensor configured to monitor a temperature of the cleaning solution; and a temperature controller configured to control the heating device and the cooling device. 16. A method of cleaning a substrate following a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process, comprising:
providing a substrate in need of removing CMP contaminants into a cleaning module; supplying a cleaning solution to the cleaning module, the cleaning solution having a temperature above or below an ambient temperature; and removing the CMP contaminants from the substrate using the cleaning solution. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising heating the cleaning solution from about 30° C. to about 100° C. using a heating device. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising cooling the cleaning solution from about −10° C. to about 10° C. using a cooling device. 19. The method of claim 16, further comprising monitoring the temperature of the cleaning solution using a temperature sensor. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising adjusting the temperature of the cleaning solution based on types of the CMP contaminants on the substrate. | A cleaning system includes at least one cleaning module configured to receive a substrate after a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process and to remove contaminants on the substrate using a cleaning solution. The cleaning system further includes a cleaning solution supply system configured to supply the cleaning solution to the at least one cleaning module. The cleaning solution supply system includes at least one temperature control system. The at least one temperature control system includes a heating device configured to heat the cleaning solution, a cooling device configured to cool the cleaning solution, a temperature sensor configured to monitor a temperature of the cleaning solution, and a temperature controller configured to control the heating device and the cooling device.1. A cleaning system, comprising:
at least one cleaning module configured to receive a substrate after a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process and to remove contaminants on the substrate using a cleaning solution; and a cleaning solution supply system configured to supply the cleaning solution to the at least one cleaning module, wherein the cleaning solution supply system comprises at least one temperature control system, the at least one temperature control system comprising:
a heating device configured to heat the cleaning solution;
a cooling device configured to cool the cleaning solution;
a temperature sensor configured to monitor a temperature of the cleaning solution; and
a temperature controller configured to control the heating device and the cooling device. 2. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the at least one cleaning module comprises a megasonic cleaning module configured to remove the contaminants from a front side surface and a backside surface of the substrate using megasonic energy. 3. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the at least one cleaning module comprises a pre-cleaning module configured to remove the contaminants from a front side surface of the substrate using a pad. 4. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the at least one cleaning module comprises a brush cleaning module configured to remove the contaminants from a front side and a backside of the substrate using a pair of brushes. 5. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the heating device is configured to heat the cleaning solution from about 30° C. to about 100° C. 6. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the cooling device is configured to cool the cleaning solution from about −10° C. to 10° C. 7. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the temperature sensor comprises a thermocouple, a resistance temperature detector, or a thermistor. 8. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the cleaning solution comprises an acidic solution or a base solution. 9. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the cleaning solution comprises hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid, ammonium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, or a mixture thereof. 10. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the cleaning solution comprises deionized water. 11. The cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the cleaning solution comprises chloroform, dichloromethane, or benzene, acetone, or mixtures thereof. 12. A chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) system, comprising:
a polishing system configured to polish a substrate; and a cleaning system configured to remove contaminants remaining on the substrate after the substrate has been polished in the polishing system, the cleaning system comprising:
a plurality of cleaning modules, wherein a first cleaning module of the plurality of cleaning modules is configured to perform a first cleaning process and a second cleaning module of the plurality of cleaning modules is configured to perform a second cleaning process; and
a cleaning solution supply system configured to supply a first cleaning solution of a first temperature to the first cleaning module and a second cleaning solution of a second temperature to the second cleaning module, wherein the first temperature is different from the second temperature. 13. The CMP system of claim 12, wherein the first cleaning solution is different from the second cleaning solution. 14. The CMP system of claim 12, wherein the cleaning solution supply system comprises:
a plurality of cleaning fluid source tanks each of which is configured to hold a cleaning fluid; a chemical mixer configured to mix two or more cleaning fluids from the plurality of cleaning fluid source tanks; and a temperature control system, wherein the temperature control system is configured to heat or cool a cleaning solution from respective cleaning fluid source tanks or the chemical mixer to a predetermined temperature. 15. The CMP system of claim 14, wherein the temperature control system comprises:
a heating device configured to heat the cleaning solution; a cooling device configured to cool the cleaning solution; a temperature sensor configured to monitor a temperature of the cleaning solution; and a temperature controller configured to control the heating device and the cooling device. 16. A method of cleaning a substrate following a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process, comprising:
providing a substrate in need of removing CMP contaminants into a cleaning module; supplying a cleaning solution to the cleaning module, the cleaning solution having a temperature above or below an ambient temperature; and removing the CMP contaminants from the substrate using the cleaning solution. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising heating the cleaning solution from about 30° C. to about 100° C. using a heating device. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising cooling the cleaning solution from about −10° C. to about 10° C. using a cooling device. 19. The method of claim 16, further comprising monitoring the temperature of the cleaning solution using a temperature sensor. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising adjusting the temperature of the cleaning solution based on types of the CMP contaminants on the substrate. | 2,800 |
349,524 | 16,807,146 | 2,827 | A stackable electrical-energy bussing system, for energy storage battery cells constructed according to the present invention includes a battery cell case having electrically conductive terminals that fit together with the terminals of a similar battery cell in order to enable multiple battery cells to be interconnected physically and electrically by stacking them atop each other. A Stackbatt bussing system housing contains the electricity-producing elements for each cell, connected from each opposing side. Preferably, the battery cell includes at least two such male terminals in spaced-apart relationship on the top side of the cell case, and at least two such female bus tubes that mate and receive with a spaced-apart relationship on both sides of the Stackbatt bussing system. Preferably, a multi-cell battery bussing system constructed to the invention includes multiple battery cells as described above, stacked when desired to achieve desired battery voltage for series and or parallel configurations. | 1. A stackable battery system comprising:
at least two bussing housings, said bussing housings each having:
a top electrical connector,
a bottom electrical connector operable to electrically mate with the top connector of another busing housing,
a top mechanical connector, and
a bottom mechanical connector operable to hold said bussing housing motionless in at least one dimension relative to another bussing housing when in close proximity;
at least one battery cell connected to each of said bussing housing; wherein said bussing housings together form a stacked battery with performance characteristics superior to that of each of the individual cell modules. 2. The stackable battery system of claim 1, wherein said connectors are made from copper or any of its alloys. 3. The stackable battery system of claim 1, wherein said bussing housing comprises an intumescent material. 4. The stackable battery system of claim 1, wherein said bussing housing further comprises at least one sensor capable of reporting information to a central system for monitoring said stackable battery system. | A stackable electrical-energy bussing system, for energy storage battery cells constructed according to the present invention includes a battery cell case having electrically conductive terminals that fit together with the terminals of a similar battery cell in order to enable multiple battery cells to be interconnected physically and electrically by stacking them atop each other. A Stackbatt bussing system housing contains the electricity-producing elements for each cell, connected from each opposing side. Preferably, the battery cell includes at least two such male terminals in spaced-apart relationship on the top side of the cell case, and at least two such female bus tubes that mate and receive with a spaced-apart relationship on both sides of the Stackbatt bussing system. Preferably, a multi-cell battery bussing system constructed to the invention includes multiple battery cells as described above, stacked when desired to achieve desired battery voltage for series and or parallel configurations.1. A stackable battery system comprising:
at least two bussing housings, said bussing housings each having:
a top electrical connector,
a bottom electrical connector operable to electrically mate with the top connector of another busing housing,
a top mechanical connector, and
a bottom mechanical connector operable to hold said bussing housing motionless in at least one dimension relative to another bussing housing when in close proximity;
at least one battery cell connected to each of said bussing housing; wherein said bussing housings together form a stacked battery with performance characteristics superior to that of each of the individual cell modules. 2. The stackable battery system of claim 1, wherein said connectors are made from copper or any of its alloys. 3. The stackable battery system of claim 1, wherein said bussing housing comprises an intumescent material. 4. The stackable battery system of claim 1, wherein said bussing housing further comprises at least one sensor capable of reporting information to a central system for monitoring said stackable battery system. | 2,800 |
349,525 | 16,807,134 | 3,772 | The present application relates to a mascara comprising a lower structure for accommodating a mascara liquid, and an upper structure coupled to a mascara liquid accommodation part, wherein a brush rod provided in the upper structure includes an uneven part of which the outside is made of a metallic material, and a distance from an outer surface of the brush rod to the highest point of a plurality of uneven portions of the uneven part is ⅕ or less of the diameter of a cross section of the brush rod. | 1. A mascara, comprising:
a lower structure, for accommodating a mascara liquid, and an upper structure, coupled to a mascara liquid accommodation part, wherein a brush rod provided in the upper structure includes an uneven part of which the outside is made of a metallic material, and a distance from an outer surface of the brush rod to the highest point of a plurality of uneven portions of the uneven part is ⅕ or less of the diameter of a cross section of the brush rod. 2. The mascara according to claim 1, wherein the brush rod is entirety made of metal. 3. The mascara according to claim 1, wherein the brush rod has an inside made of synthetic resin and an outside provided with a metal coating layer. 4. The mascara according to claim 1, wherein the brush rod has an inside made of a metallic material and an outside provided with a metal coating layer made of a metallic material different from that of the inside. 5. The mascara according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of uneven portions of the uneven part are provided in a spiral shape on the outside of the brush rod. 6. The mascara according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of uneven portions of the uneven part are provided at a predetermined interval and parallel in the cross section. 7. The mascara according to claim 1, wherein the brush rod has a diameter of a cross section in the range of 1.5-7 mm. 8. The mascara according to claim 1, wherein a height difference between the highest point and the lowest point of the plurality of uneven portions of the uneven part is 0.1-3.5 mm. 9. The mascara according to claim 1, wherein a distance from the highest point to the next highest point of the plurality of uneven portions of the uneven part is 0.1-5 mm. 10. The mascara according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of uneven portions of the uneven part have inclined parts on both sides thereof, and an angle formed by adjacent inclined parts of the plurality of the uneven portions is 30-70°. 11. The mascara according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of uneven portions of the uneven part have a flat part therebetween, and an angle formed by the highest point of the plurality of uneven portions and a midpoint of the flat part is 30-70°. 12. The mascara according to claim 1, wherein the uneven part has a length of 10-35 mm. | The present application relates to a mascara comprising a lower structure for accommodating a mascara liquid, and an upper structure coupled to a mascara liquid accommodation part, wherein a brush rod provided in the upper structure includes an uneven part of which the outside is made of a metallic material, and a distance from an outer surface of the brush rod to the highest point of a plurality of uneven portions of the uneven part is ⅕ or less of the diameter of a cross section of the brush rod.1. A mascara, comprising:
a lower structure, for accommodating a mascara liquid, and an upper structure, coupled to a mascara liquid accommodation part, wherein a brush rod provided in the upper structure includes an uneven part of which the outside is made of a metallic material, and a distance from an outer surface of the brush rod to the highest point of a plurality of uneven portions of the uneven part is ⅕ or less of the diameter of a cross section of the brush rod. 2. The mascara according to claim 1, wherein the brush rod is entirety made of metal. 3. The mascara according to claim 1, wherein the brush rod has an inside made of synthetic resin and an outside provided with a metal coating layer. 4. The mascara according to claim 1, wherein the brush rod has an inside made of a metallic material and an outside provided with a metal coating layer made of a metallic material different from that of the inside. 5. The mascara according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of uneven portions of the uneven part are provided in a spiral shape on the outside of the brush rod. 6. The mascara according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of uneven portions of the uneven part are provided at a predetermined interval and parallel in the cross section. 7. The mascara according to claim 1, wherein the brush rod has a diameter of a cross section in the range of 1.5-7 mm. 8. The mascara according to claim 1, wherein a height difference between the highest point and the lowest point of the plurality of uneven portions of the uneven part is 0.1-3.5 mm. 9. The mascara according to claim 1, wherein a distance from the highest point to the next highest point of the plurality of uneven portions of the uneven part is 0.1-5 mm. 10. The mascara according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of uneven portions of the uneven part have inclined parts on both sides thereof, and an angle formed by adjacent inclined parts of the plurality of the uneven portions is 30-70°. 11. The mascara according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of uneven portions of the uneven part have a flat part therebetween, and an angle formed by the highest point of the plurality of uneven portions and a midpoint of the flat part is 30-70°. 12. The mascara according to claim 1, wherein the uneven part has a length of 10-35 mm. | 3,700 |
349,526 | 16,807,133 | 3,772 | An assembly having a container, one or more rings around the container, and a base which secures the rings to the container. The container may also, in some embodiments, have a solid lid or flexible lid that is secured to the container with a lid collar. The ring or rings are stacked upon one another when placed on the container. When assembled, the rings are able to freely rotate with respect to each other and the container body. The container is useful as an entertainment integrated with a drinking vessel in addition to many other useful applications. | 1. A container, comprising:
a container body having an open end, a bottom surface, and at least one supporting rib with at least one indent; at least one ring adapted to fit around an outer surface of the container body, the ring having at least one tab that is adapted to align with and slide within at least one indent when the ring is twisted; and a base that secures onto the bottom surface of the container body. 2. The container recited in claim 1, wherein the at least one ring is a plurality of rings, further comprising:
a first end having a shoulder; and a second end having a recess, wherein the shoulder of each ring is adapted to fit into the recess of at least a one other ring located adjacent thereto. 3. The container recited in claim 2, further comprising a lid that secures onto the open end of the container body. 4. The container recited in claim 1, further comprising a locking mechanism interconnecting the base and the container body, wherein:
the base further has a handle connected to a locking plate, the locking plate having at least one register; and at least one index disposed on the bottom surface of the container body, wherein, to secure the base onto the container body:
the index is aligned with and slid through the register and the handle is turned to rotate the locking plate to capture the locking index. 5. The container recited in claim 4, wherein the at least one ring is a plurality of the rings, each ring having:
a first end having a shoulder; and a second end having a recess, wherein the recess of each ring is adapted to receive the shoulder of at least one other ring located adjacent thereto. 6. The container recited in claim 1, further comprising:
a lid assembly having a flexible lid with a spout and a collar adapted to receive the flexible lid, wherein the lid assembly is adapted to be secured onto the open end of the container body. 7. The container recited in claim 6, wherein the flexible lid has an extended skirt that forms a seal between the open end of the container body and the collar. 8. A twist ring container, comprising:
a container body having an open end and a bottom surface; a base; one or more rings adapted to be stacked and placed around an outer surface of the container body; and a locking mechanism comprising:
a handle disposed on the base and connected to a locking plate, the locking plate having at least one register; and
at least one index on the bottom surface of the container body, the index adapted to align with and slide through the register when the base is placed on the bottom surface of the container body,
wherein the base secures to the container body with the locking mechanism such that when the handle is rotated the locking plate rotates to capture the locking index. 9. The twist ring container recited in claim 8, further comprising:
a flexible lid having a spout; and a lid collar having threads and adapted to receive the flexible lid, wherein the container body has mating threads adapted to be secured to the threads of the lid collar. 10. The twist ring container recited in claim 9, wherein the flexible lid has an extended skirt that forms a seal between the container body and the lid collar. 11. The twist ring container recited in claim 8, wherein each ring has:
a first end having a shoulder; and a second end having a recess, wherein the shoulder of the ring is adapted to fit into the recess of at least a second ring located adjacent thereto. 12. The twist ring container recited in claim 8, further comprising a lid that secures onto the open end of the container body. 13. The twist ring container recited in claim 12, wherein each ring has:
a first end having a shoulder; and a second end having a recess, wherein the shoulder of each ring is adapted to fit into the recess of any other ring. 14. A container assembly, comprising:
a container body comprising:
an open end;
a bottom surface having at least one index; and
an outer surface having at least one supporting rib with at least one indent;
at least one ring adapted to fit around the outer surface of the container body, the at least one ring having at least one tab adapted to slide within the at least one indent when the ring is twisted; and a base, that secures onto the bottom surface of the container body, the base comprising:
a handle disposed on the base; and
a locking plate connected to the handle the locking plate having at least one register,
wherein the base secures onto the bottom surface of the container body when the locking index is captured by the locking plate. 15. The container assembly recited in claim 14, further comprising a lid. 16. The container assembly recited in claim 15, the at least one ring is a plurality of the rings, each ring having:
a first end having a shoulder; and a second end having a recess, wherein the recess of each ring is adapted to receive the shoulder of at least one other ring located adjacent thereto. 17. The container assembly recited in claim 16, where the shoulders on the rings are sized differently than the other shoulders. 18. The container assembly recited in claim 14, further comprising:
a flexible lid having a spout and an extended skirt; and a collar having threads, the collar adapted to receive the flexible lid, wherein the container body has mating threads adapted to secure the threads of the collar, the extended skirt forming a seal between the open end of the container body and the collar. 19. The container assembly recited in claim 18, wherein the at least one ring is a plurality of the rings, each ring having:
a first end having a shoulder; and a second end having a recess, wherein the shoulder of each ring is adapted to fit into the recess of at least one other ring located adjacent thereto. 20. The container assembly recited in claim 19, where the shoulder on each ring is adapted to fit into the recess on one other predetermined ring. | An assembly having a container, one or more rings around the container, and a base which secures the rings to the container. The container may also, in some embodiments, have a solid lid or flexible lid that is secured to the container with a lid collar. The ring or rings are stacked upon one another when placed on the container. When assembled, the rings are able to freely rotate with respect to each other and the container body. The container is useful as an entertainment integrated with a drinking vessel in addition to many other useful applications.1. A container, comprising:
a container body having an open end, a bottom surface, and at least one supporting rib with at least one indent; at least one ring adapted to fit around an outer surface of the container body, the ring having at least one tab that is adapted to align with and slide within at least one indent when the ring is twisted; and a base that secures onto the bottom surface of the container body. 2. The container recited in claim 1, wherein the at least one ring is a plurality of rings, further comprising:
a first end having a shoulder; and a second end having a recess, wherein the shoulder of each ring is adapted to fit into the recess of at least a one other ring located adjacent thereto. 3. The container recited in claim 2, further comprising a lid that secures onto the open end of the container body. 4. The container recited in claim 1, further comprising a locking mechanism interconnecting the base and the container body, wherein:
the base further has a handle connected to a locking plate, the locking plate having at least one register; and at least one index disposed on the bottom surface of the container body, wherein, to secure the base onto the container body:
the index is aligned with and slid through the register and the handle is turned to rotate the locking plate to capture the locking index. 5. The container recited in claim 4, wherein the at least one ring is a plurality of the rings, each ring having:
a first end having a shoulder; and a second end having a recess, wherein the recess of each ring is adapted to receive the shoulder of at least one other ring located adjacent thereto. 6. The container recited in claim 1, further comprising:
a lid assembly having a flexible lid with a spout and a collar adapted to receive the flexible lid, wherein the lid assembly is adapted to be secured onto the open end of the container body. 7. The container recited in claim 6, wherein the flexible lid has an extended skirt that forms a seal between the open end of the container body and the collar. 8. A twist ring container, comprising:
a container body having an open end and a bottom surface; a base; one or more rings adapted to be stacked and placed around an outer surface of the container body; and a locking mechanism comprising:
a handle disposed on the base and connected to a locking plate, the locking plate having at least one register; and
at least one index on the bottom surface of the container body, the index adapted to align with and slide through the register when the base is placed on the bottom surface of the container body,
wherein the base secures to the container body with the locking mechanism such that when the handle is rotated the locking plate rotates to capture the locking index. 9. The twist ring container recited in claim 8, further comprising:
a flexible lid having a spout; and a lid collar having threads and adapted to receive the flexible lid, wherein the container body has mating threads adapted to be secured to the threads of the lid collar. 10. The twist ring container recited in claim 9, wherein the flexible lid has an extended skirt that forms a seal between the container body and the lid collar. 11. The twist ring container recited in claim 8, wherein each ring has:
a first end having a shoulder; and a second end having a recess, wherein the shoulder of the ring is adapted to fit into the recess of at least a second ring located adjacent thereto. 12. The twist ring container recited in claim 8, further comprising a lid that secures onto the open end of the container body. 13. The twist ring container recited in claim 12, wherein each ring has:
a first end having a shoulder; and a second end having a recess, wherein the shoulder of each ring is adapted to fit into the recess of any other ring. 14. A container assembly, comprising:
a container body comprising:
an open end;
a bottom surface having at least one index; and
an outer surface having at least one supporting rib with at least one indent;
at least one ring adapted to fit around the outer surface of the container body, the at least one ring having at least one tab adapted to slide within the at least one indent when the ring is twisted; and a base, that secures onto the bottom surface of the container body, the base comprising:
a handle disposed on the base; and
a locking plate connected to the handle the locking plate having at least one register,
wherein the base secures onto the bottom surface of the container body when the locking index is captured by the locking plate. 15. The container assembly recited in claim 14, further comprising a lid. 16. The container assembly recited in claim 15, the at least one ring is a plurality of the rings, each ring having:
a first end having a shoulder; and a second end having a recess, wherein the recess of each ring is adapted to receive the shoulder of at least one other ring located adjacent thereto. 17. The container assembly recited in claim 16, where the shoulders on the rings are sized differently than the other shoulders. 18. The container assembly recited in claim 14, further comprising:
a flexible lid having a spout and an extended skirt; and a collar having threads, the collar adapted to receive the flexible lid, wherein the container body has mating threads adapted to secure the threads of the collar, the extended skirt forming a seal between the open end of the container body and the collar. 19. The container assembly recited in claim 18, wherein the at least one ring is a plurality of the rings, each ring having:
a first end having a shoulder; and a second end having a recess, wherein the shoulder of each ring is adapted to fit into the recess of at least one other ring located adjacent thereto. 20. The container assembly recited in claim 19, where the shoulder on each ring is adapted to fit into the recess on one other predetermined ring. | 3,700 |
349,527 | 16,807,126 | 3,772 | An assembly having a container, one or more rings around the container, and a base which secures the rings to the container. The container may also, in some embodiments, have a solid lid or flexible lid that is secured to the container with a lid collar. The ring or rings are stacked upon one another when placed on the container. When assembled, the rings are able to freely rotate with respect to each other and the container body. The container is useful as an entertainment integrated with a drinking vessel in addition to many other useful applications. | 1. A container, comprising:
a container body having an open end, a bottom surface, and at least one supporting rib with at least one indent; at least one ring adapted to fit around an outer surface of the container body, the ring having at least one tab that is adapted to align with and slide within at least one indent when the ring is twisted; and a base that secures onto the bottom surface of the container body. 2. The container recited in claim 1, wherein the at least one ring is a plurality of rings, further comprising:
a first end having a shoulder; and a second end having a recess, wherein the shoulder of each ring is adapted to fit into the recess of at least a one other ring located adjacent thereto. 3. The container recited in claim 2, further comprising a lid that secures onto the open end of the container body. 4. The container recited in claim 1, further comprising a locking mechanism interconnecting the base and the container body, wherein:
the base further has a handle connected to a locking plate, the locking plate having at least one register; and at least one index disposed on the bottom surface of the container body, wherein, to secure the base onto the container body:
the index is aligned with and slid through the register and the handle is turned to rotate the locking plate to capture the locking index. 5. The container recited in claim 4, wherein the at least one ring is a plurality of the rings, each ring having:
a first end having a shoulder; and a second end having a recess, wherein the recess of each ring is adapted to receive the shoulder of at least one other ring located adjacent thereto. 6. The container recited in claim 1, further comprising:
a lid assembly having a flexible lid with a spout and a collar adapted to receive the flexible lid, wherein the lid assembly is adapted to be secured onto the open end of the container body. 7. The container recited in claim 6, wherein the flexible lid has an extended skirt that forms a seal between the open end of the container body and the collar. 8. A twist ring container, comprising:
a container body having an open end and a bottom surface; a base; one or more rings adapted to be stacked and placed around an outer surface of the container body; and a locking mechanism comprising:
a handle disposed on the base and connected to a locking plate, the locking plate having at least one register; and
at least one index on the bottom surface of the container body, the index adapted to align with and slide through the register when the base is placed on the bottom surface of the container body,
wherein the base secures to the container body with the locking mechanism such that when the handle is rotated the locking plate rotates to capture the locking index. 9. The twist ring container recited in claim 8, further comprising:
a flexible lid having a spout; and a lid collar having threads and adapted to receive the flexible lid, wherein the container body has mating threads adapted to be secured to the threads of the lid collar. 10. The twist ring container recited in claim 9, wherein the flexible lid has an extended skirt that forms a seal between the container body and the lid collar. 11. The twist ring container recited in claim 8, wherein each ring has:
a first end having a shoulder; and a second end having a recess, wherein the shoulder of the ring is adapted to fit into the recess of at least a second ring located adjacent thereto. 12. The twist ring container recited in claim 8, further comprising a lid that secures onto the open end of the container body. 13. The twist ring container recited in claim 12, wherein each ring has:
a first end having a shoulder; and a second end having a recess, wherein the shoulder of each ring is adapted to fit into the recess of any other ring. 14. A container assembly, comprising:
a container body comprising:
an open end;
a bottom surface having at least one index; and
an outer surface having at least one supporting rib with at least one indent;
at least one ring adapted to fit around the outer surface of the container body, the at least one ring having at least one tab adapted to slide within the at least one indent when the ring is twisted; and a base, that secures onto the bottom surface of the container body, the base comprising:
a handle disposed on the base; and
a locking plate connected to the handle the locking plate having at least one register,
wherein the base secures onto the bottom surface of the container body when the locking index is captured by the locking plate. 15. The container assembly recited in claim 14, further comprising a lid. 16. The container assembly recited in claim 15, the at least one ring is a plurality of the rings, each ring having:
a first end having a shoulder; and a second end having a recess, wherein the recess of each ring is adapted to receive the shoulder of at least one other ring located adjacent thereto. 17. The container assembly recited in claim 16, where the shoulders on the rings are sized differently than the other shoulders. 18. The container assembly recited in claim 14, further comprising:
a flexible lid having a spout and an extended skirt; and a collar having threads, the collar adapted to receive the flexible lid, wherein the container body has mating threads adapted to secure the threads of the collar, the extended skirt forming a seal between the open end of the container body and the collar. 19. The container assembly recited in claim 18, wherein the at least one ring is a plurality of the rings, each ring having:
a first end having a shoulder; and a second end having a recess, wherein the shoulder of each ring is adapted to fit into the recess of at least one other ring located adjacent thereto. 20. The container assembly recited in claim 19, where the shoulder on each ring is adapted to fit into the recess on one other predetermined ring. | An assembly having a container, one or more rings around the container, and a base which secures the rings to the container. The container may also, in some embodiments, have a solid lid or flexible lid that is secured to the container with a lid collar. The ring or rings are stacked upon one another when placed on the container. When assembled, the rings are able to freely rotate with respect to each other and the container body. The container is useful as an entertainment integrated with a drinking vessel in addition to many other useful applications.1. A container, comprising:
a container body having an open end, a bottom surface, and at least one supporting rib with at least one indent; at least one ring adapted to fit around an outer surface of the container body, the ring having at least one tab that is adapted to align with and slide within at least one indent when the ring is twisted; and a base that secures onto the bottom surface of the container body. 2. The container recited in claim 1, wherein the at least one ring is a plurality of rings, further comprising:
a first end having a shoulder; and a second end having a recess, wherein the shoulder of each ring is adapted to fit into the recess of at least a one other ring located adjacent thereto. 3. The container recited in claim 2, further comprising a lid that secures onto the open end of the container body. 4. The container recited in claim 1, further comprising a locking mechanism interconnecting the base and the container body, wherein:
the base further has a handle connected to a locking plate, the locking plate having at least one register; and at least one index disposed on the bottom surface of the container body, wherein, to secure the base onto the container body:
the index is aligned with and slid through the register and the handle is turned to rotate the locking plate to capture the locking index. 5. The container recited in claim 4, wherein the at least one ring is a plurality of the rings, each ring having:
a first end having a shoulder; and a second end having a recess, wherein the recess of each ring is adapted to receive the shoulder of at least one other ring located adjacent thereto. 6. The container recited in claim 1, further comprising:
a lid assembly having a flexible lid with a spout and a collar adapted to receive the flexible lid, wherein the lid assembly is adapted to be secured onto the open end of the container body. 7. The container recited in claim 6, wherein the flexible lid has an extended skirt that forms a seal between the open end of the container body and the collar. 8. A twist ring container, comprising:
a container body having an open end and a bottom surface; a base; one or more rings adapted to be stacked and placed around an outer surface of the container body; and a locking mechanism comprising:
a handle disposed on the base and connected to a locking plate, the locking plate having at least one register; and
at least one index on the bottom surface of the container body, the index adapted to align with and slide through the register when the base is placed on the bottom surface of the container body,
wherein the base secures to the container body with the locking mechanism such that when the handle is rotated the locking plate rotates to capture the locking index. 9. The twist ring container recited in claim 8, further comprising:
a flexible lid having a spout; and a lid collar having threads and adapted to receive the flexible lid, wherein the container body has mating threads adapted to be secured to the threads of the lid collar. 10. The twist ring container recited in claim 9, wherein the flexible lid has an extended skirt that forms a seal between the container body and the lid collar. 11. The twist ring container recited in claim 8, wherein each ring has:
a first end having a shoulder; and a second end having a recess, wherein the shoulder of the ring is adapted to fit into the recess of at least a second ring located adjacent thereto. 12. The twist ring container recited in claim 8, further comprising a lid that secures onto the open end of the container body. 13. The twist ring container recited in claim 12, wherein each ring has:
a first end having a shoulder; and a second end having a recess, wherein the shoulder of each ring is adapted to fit into the recess of any other ring. 14. A container assembly, comprising:
a container body comprising:
an open end;
a bottom surface having at least one index; and
an outer surface having at least one supporting rib with at least one indent;
at least one ring adapted to fit around the outer surface of the container body, the at least one ring having at least one tab adapted to slide within the at least one indent when the ring is twisted; and a base, that secures onto the bottom surface of the container body, the base comprising:
a handle disposed on the base; and
a locking plate connected to the handle the locking plate having at least one register,
wherein the base secures onto the bottom surface of the container body when the locking index is captured by the locking plate. 15. The container assembly recited in claim 14, further comprising a lid. 16. The container assembly recited in claim 15, the at least one ring is a plurality of the rings, each ring having:
a first end having a shoulder; and a second end having a recess, wherein the recess of each ring is adapted to receive the shoulder of at least one other ring located adjacent thereto. 17. The container assembly recited in claim 16, where the shoulders on the rings are sized differently than the other shoulders. 18. The container assembly recited in claim 14, further comprising:
a flexible lid having a spout and an extended skirt; and a collar having threads, the collar adapted to receive the flexible lid, wherein the container body has mating threads adapted to secure the threads of the collar, the extended skirt forming a seal between the open end of the container body and the collar. 19. The container assembly recited in claim 18, wherein the at least one ring is a plurality of the rings, each ring having:
a first end having a shoulder; and a second end having a recess, wherein the shoulder of each ring is adapted to fit into the recess of at least one other ring located adjacent thereto. 20. The container assembly recited in claim 19, where the shoulder on each ring is adapted to fit into the recess on one other predetermined ring. | 3,700 |
349,528 | 16,807,106 | 3,772 | Electronic device manufacturing apparatus and robot apparatus are described. The apparatus are configured to efficiently pick and place substrates wherein the robot apparatus includes an arm component and a blade component. The blade component may comprise two or more end effectors that can retrieve and place two or more substrates at a time. The apparatus can include multiple arm components and multiple blade components. Each blade component can comprise two or more end effectors to carry two or more substrates at one time. The blade components can move independent of one another or may be dependently connected. | 1. A robot apparatus, comprising:
a first arm comprising an inboard end attached to a drive motor assembly for rotation about a first shoulder axis; a first wrist, a second wrist and a third wrist each attached to an outboard end of the first arm for rotation relative to the first arm about an outboard axis; a first end effector attached to a distal end of the first wrist, and a second end effector attached to the distal end of the first wrist below the first end effector, wherein each of the first and second end effectors is attached to the first wrist at a fixed position relative to the first wrist; a third end effector attached to a distal end of the second wrist, and a fourth end effector attached to the distal end of the second wrist below the third end effector, wherein each of the third and fourth end effectors is attached to the second wrist at a fixed position relative to the second wrist and a fifth end effector attached to a distal end of the third wrist and a sixth end effector attached to the distal end of the third wrist below the fifth end effector, wherein each of the fifth and sixth end effectors is attached to the third wrist at a fixed position relative to the second wrist. 2. (canceled) 3. The robot apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first end effector comprises a first substrate support location having a first nominal center and the second end effector comprises a second substrate support location having a second nominal center, wherein the first nominal center and the second nominal center are aligned along a vertical axis. 4. (canceled) 5. (canceled) 6. The robot apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first, second and third wrists are each independently rotatable about the outboard axis. 7. The robot apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a second arm rotatable about the first shoulder axis; a second forearm rotatable relative to the second arm about a second forearm axis at a position offset from the first shoulder axis; a third end effector attached to a distal end of the second forearm; and a fourth end effector attached to the distal end of the second forearm, wherein the third end effector is positioned above the fourth end effector. 8. The robot apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first and second arms are each independently rotatable about the first shoulder axis. 9. A robot apparatus, comprising:
a first arm rotatable about a first shoulder axis; a first forearm rotatable relative to the first arm about a first forearm axis at a position offset from the first shoulder axis; a first wrist rotatable relative to the first forearm about a first wrist axis at a position offset from the first forearm axis; a first end effector attached to a distal end of the first wrist; and a second end effector attached to the distal end of the first wrist, wherein the first end effector is positioned above the second end effector, wherein the second end effector has a fixed position relative to the first end effector such that the first end effector and the second end effector are movable in unison. 10. The robot apparatus of claim 9, further comprising
a second arm rotatable about the first shoulder axis; a second forearm rotatable relative to the second arm about a second forearm axis at a position offset from the first shoulder axis; a second wrist rotatable relative to the second forearm about a second wrist axis at a position offset from the second forearm axis, wherein the first wrist is configured to extend in a straight line from a retracted position and the second wrist is configured to extend in a straight line from a retracted position directly above the first wrist; a third end effector attached to a distal end of the first wrist; and
a fourth end effector attached to the distal end of the first wrist, wherein the first end effector is positioned above the second end effector, wherein the second end effector has a fixed position relative to the first end effector such that the first end effector and the second end effector are movable in unison. 11. The robot apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first end effector comprises a first substrate support location having a first nominal center and the second end effector comprises a second substrate support location having a second nominal center, wherein the first nominal center and the second nominal center are aligned along a vertical axis. 12. The robot apparatus of claim 9, further comprising:
a second wrist rotatable relative to the first forearm about the first wrist axis; a third end effector attached to a distal end of the second wrist; a fourth end effector attached to the distal end of the second wrist, wherein the third end effector is positioned above the fourth end effector; wherein the first wrist and the second wrist are configured to rotate about the first wrist axis to provide for a first distance between the distal end of the first wrist and the distal end of the second wrist while extended a first distance from the shoulder axis; and wherein the first wrist and the second wrist are configured to rotate about the first wrist axis to a second distance between the distal end of the first wrist and the distal end of the second wrist while extended a second distance from the first shoulder axis. 13. The robot apparatus of claim 9, further comprising:
a second wrist rotatable relative to the first forearm about the first wrist axis; a third end effector attached to the distal end of the second wrist; and a fourth end effector attached to the distal end the second wrist, wherein the third end effector is positioned above the fourth end effector. 14. The robot apparatus of claim 13, further comprising:
a third wrist rotatable relative to the first forearm about the first wrist axis; a fifth end effector attached to a distal end of the third wrist; and a sixth end effector attached to the distal end of the third wrist, wherein the fifth end effector is positioned above the sixth end effector. 15. The robot apparatus of claim 9, further comprising:
a second arm rotatable about the first shoulder axis; a second forearm rotatable relative to the second arm about a second forearm axis at a position offset from the first shoulder axis; a second wrist rotatable relative to the second forearm about a second wrist axis at a position offset from the first forearm axis; a third end effector attached to a distal end of the second wrist; and a fourth end effector attached to the distal end of the second wrist, wherein the third end effector is positioned above the fourth end effector. 16. The robot apparatus of claim 15, wherein the first arm and first forearm are configured to extend the first wrist from a first position to a second position, and the second arm and the second forearm are configured to extend the second wrist in a straight line from a third position to a fourth position, wherein the first position is directly above the third position and the second position is directly above the fourth position. 17. A method of transporting substrates by a robot apparatus, comprising:
for a robot apparatus comprising:
a first arm comprising an inboard end attached to a drive motor assembly for rotation about a first shoulder axis
a first wrist, a second wrist and a third wrist each attached to an outboard end of the first arm for rotation relative to the first arm about an outboard axis;
a first end effector attached to a distal end of the first wrist, and a second end effector attached to the distal end of the first wrist below the first end effector, wherein each of the first and second end effectors is attached to the first wrist at a fixed position relative to the first wrist
a third end effector attached to a distal end of the second wrist, and a fourth end effector attached to the distal end of the second wrist below the third end effector, wherein each of the second third and fourth end effectors is attached to the second wrist at a fixed position relative to the second wrist and
a fifth end effector attached to a distal end of the third wrist and a sixth end effector attached to the distal end of the third wrist below the fifth end effector, wherein each of the fifth and sixth end effectors is attached to the third wrist at a fixed position relative to the second wrist:
retrieving, by a first blade comprising the first end effector and the second end effector, a first substrate on the first end effector, wherein the first blade is attached to the robot apparatus;
retrieving, by the first blade, a second substrate on the second end effector;
placing, by the first blade, the first substrate from the first end effector into a process chamber; and
placing, by the first blade, the second substrate from the first second end effector into the process chamber. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
retrieving, by a second blade comprising the third end effector and the fourth end effector, a third substrate on the third end effector, wherein the second blade is attached to the robot apparatus; retrieving, by the second blade, a fourth substrate on the fourth end effector; placing, by the second blade, the third substrate from the third end effector into the process chamber; placing, by the second blade, the fourth substrate from the fourth end effector into the process chamber; and retrieving four processed substrates from the process chamber by at least two of the first blade, the second blade, or a third blade comprising the fifth end effector and the sixth end effector, wherein the third blade is attached to the robot apparatus. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
alternately performing the retrieving of one of four processed substrates from the process chamber and the placing one of the first substrate, the second substrate, the third substrate, or the fourth substrate into the process chamber using the first blade, the second blade, and the third blade, wherein as a result of the retrieving and the placing:
the fifth end effector and the sixth end effector each hold one of the four processed substrates; and
one of a) the first end effector and the second end effector each hold one of the four processed substrates, orb) the third end effector and the fourth end effector each hold one of the four processed substrates. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
concurrently placing a first processed substrate into a first load lock and a second processed substrate into the first load lock by the fifth end effector and the sixth end effector, respectively; and one of a) concurrently placing a third processed substrate into a second load lock by the first end effector and a fourth processed substrate into the second load lock by the second end effector, respectively, or b) concurrently placing the third processed substrate into the second load lock by the third end effector and the fourth processed substrate into the second load lock by the fourth end effector, respectively. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein alternately performing the retrieving of one of the four processed substrates from the process chamber and the placing of one of the first substrate, the second substrate, the third substrate, or the fourth substrate into the process chamber using the first blade, the second blade, and the third blade comprises:
retrieving a first processed substrate from the process chamber by the fifth end effector; subsequently performing the placing of the second substrate in the processing chamber by the second end effector; retrieving a second processed substrate from the processing chamber by the sixth end effector; subsequently performing the placing of the first substrate in the processing chamber by the first end effector; retrieving a third processed substrate from a processing chamber by the first end effector; subsequently performing the placing of the fourth substrate in the processing chamber by the fourth end effector; retrieving a fourth processed substrate from the processing chamber by the second end effector; and subsequently performing the placing of the third substrate in the processing chamber by the third end effector. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein:
retrieval of the first substrate by the first end effector and retrieval of the third substrate by third end effector is performed concurrently; and retrieval of the second substrate by the second end effector and retrieval of the fourth substrate by the fourth end effector is performed concurrently. 23. A blade for a robot arm, the blade comprising:
a first end effector attached to a distal end of the blade, wherein the first end effector is attached to the blade at a fixed position relative to the blade; and a second end effector attached to the distal end of the blade, wherein the second end effector is attached to the blade at a fixed position below the first end effector. 24. The method of claim 17, wherein the first end effector comprises a first substrate support location having a first nominal center and the second end effector comprises a second substrate support location having a second nominal center, wherein the first nominal center and the second nominal center are aligned along a vertical axis. 25. The method of claim 17, wherein the first, second and third wrists are each independently rotatable about the outboard axis. | Electronic device manufacturing apparatus and robot apparatus are described. The apparatus are configured to efficiently pick and place substrates wherein the robot apparatus includes an arm component and a blade component. The blade component may comprise two or more end effectors that can retrieve and place two or more substrates at a time. The apparatus can include multiple arm components and multiple blade components. Each blade component can comprise two or more end effectors to carry two or more substrates at one time. The blade components can move independent of one another or may be dependently connected.1. A robot apparatus, comprising:
a first arm comprising an inboard end attached to a drive motor assembly for rotation about a first shoulder axis; a first wrist, a second wrist and a third wrist each attached to an outboard end of the first arm for rotation relative to the first arm about an outboard axis; a first end effector attached to a distal end of the first wrist, and a second end effector attached to the distal end of the first wrist below the first end effector, wherein each of the first and second end effectors is attached to the first wrist at a fixed position relative to the first wrist; a third end effector attached to a distal end of the second wrist, and a fourth end effector attached to the distal end of the second wrist below the third end effector, wherein each of the third and fourth end effectors is attached to the second wrist at a fixed position relative to the second wrist and a fifth end effector attached to a distal end of the third wrist and a sixth end effector attached to the distal end of the third wrist below the fifth end effector, wherein each of the fifth and sixth end effectors is attached to the third wrist at a fixed position relative to the second wrist. 2. (canceled) 3. The robot apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first end effector comprises a first substrate support location having a first nominal center and the second end effector comprises a second substrate support location having a second nominal center, wherein the first nominal center and the second nominal center are aligned along a vertical axis. 4. (canceled) 5. (canceled) 6. The robot apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first, second and third wrists are each independently rotatable about the outboard axis. 7. The robot apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a second arm rotatable about the first shoulder axis; a second forearm rotatable relative to the second arm about a second forearm axis at a position offset from the first shoulder axis; a third end effector attached to a distal end of the second forearm; and a fourth end effector attached to the distal end of the second forearm, wherein the third end effector is positioned above the fourth end effector. 8. The robot apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first and second arms are each independently rotatable about the first shoulder axis. 9. A robot apparatus, comprising:
a first arm rotatable about a first shoulder axis; a first forearm rotatable relative to the first arm about a first forearm axis at a position offset from the first shoulder axis; a first wrist rotatable relative to the first forearm about a first wrist axis at a position offset from the first forearm axis; a first end effector attached to a distal end of the first wrist; and a second end effector attached to the distal end of the first wrist, wherein the first end effector is positioned above the second end effector, wherein the second end effector has a fixed position relative to the first end effector such that the first end effector and the second end effector are movable in unison. 10. The robot apparatus of claim 9, further comprising
a second arm rotatable about the first shoulder axis; a second forearm rotatable relative to the second arm about a second forearm axis at a position offset from the first shoulder axis; a second wrist rotatable relative to the second forearm about a second wrist axis at a position offset from the second forearm axis, wherein the first wrist is configured to extend in a straight line from a retracted position and the second wrist is configured to extend in a straight line from a retracted position directly above the first wrist; a third end effector attached to a distal end of the first wrist; and
a fourth end effector attached to the distal end of the first wrist, wherein the first end effector is positioned above the second end effector, wherein the second end effector has a fixed position relative to the first end effector such that the first end effector and the second end effector are movable in unison. 11. The robot apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first end effector comprises a first substrate support location having a first nominal center and the second end effector comprises a second substrate support location having a second nominal center, wherein the first nominal center and the second nominal center are aligned along a vertical axis. 12. The robot apparatus of claim 9, further comprising:
a second wrist rotatable relative to the first forearm about the first wrist axis; a third end effector attached to a distal end of the second wrist; a fourth end effector attached to the distal end of the second wrist, wherein the third end effector is positioned above the fourth end effector; wherein the first wrist and the second wrist are configured to rotate about the first wrist axis to provide for a first distance between the distal end of the first wrist and the distal end of the second wrist while extended a first distance from the shoulder axis; and wherein the first wrist and the second wrist are configured to rotate about the first wrist axis to a second distance between the distal end of the first wrist and the distal end of the second wrist while extended a second distance from the first shoulder axis. 13. The robot apparatus of claim 9, further comprising:
a second wrist rotatable relative to the first forearm about the first wrist axis; a third end effector attached to the distal end of the second wrist; and a fourth end effector attached to the distal end the second wrist, wherein the third end effector is positioned above the fourth end effector. 14. The robot apparatus of claim 13, further comprising:
a third wrist rotatable relative to the first forearm about the first wrist axis; a fifth end effector attached to a distal end of the third wrist; and a sixth end effector attached to the distal end of the third wrist, wherein the fifth end effector is positioned above the sixth end effector. 15. The robot apparatus of claim 9, further comprising:
a second arm rotatable about the first shoulder axis; a second forearm rotatable relative to the second arm about a second forearm axis at a position offset from the first shoulder axis; a second wrist rotatable relative to the second forearm about a second wrist axis at a position offset from the first forearm axis; a third end effector attached to a distal end of the second wrist; and a fourth end effector attached to the distal end of the second wrist, wherein the third end effector is positioned above the fourth end effector. 16. The robot apparatus of claim 15, wherein the first arm and first forearm are configured to extend the first wrist from a first position to a second position, and the second arm and the second forearm are configured to extend the second wrist in a straight line from a third position to a fourth position, wherein the first position is directly above the third position and the second position is directly above the fourth position. 17. A method of transporting substrates by a robot apparatus, comprising:
for a robot apparatus comprising:
a first arm comprising an inboard end attached to a drive motor assembly for rotation about a first shoulder axis
a first wrist, a second wrist and a third wrist each attached to an outboard end of the first arm for rotation relative to the first arm about an outboard axis;
a first end effector attached to a distal end of the first wrist, and a second end effector attached to the distal end of the first wrist below the first end effector, wherein each of the first and second end effectors is attached to the first wrist at a fixed position relative to the first wrist
a third end effector attached to a distal end of the second wrist, and a fourth end effector attached to the distal end of the second wrist below the third end effector, wherein each of the second third and fourth end effectors is attached to the second wrist at a fixed position relative to the second wrist and
a fifth end effector attached to a distal end of the third wrist and a sixth end effector attached to the distal end of the third wrist below the fifth end effector, wherein each of the fifth and sixth end effectors is attached to the third wrist at a fixed position relative to the second wrist:
retrieving, by a first blade comprising the first end effector and the second end effector, a first substrate on the first end effector, wherein the first blade is attached to the robot apparatus;
retrieving, by the first blade, a second substrate on the second end effector;
placing, by the first blade, the first substrate from the first end effector into a process chamber; and
placing, by the first blade, the second substrate from the first second end effector into the process chamber. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
retrieving, by a second blade comprising the third end effector and the fourth end effector, a third substrate on the third end effector, wherein the second blade is attached to the robot apparatus; retrieving, by the second blade, a fourth substrate on the fourth end effector; placing, by the second blade, the third substrate from the third end effector into the process chamber; placing, by the second blade, the fourth substrate from the fourth end effector into the process chamber; and retrieving four processed substrates from the process chamber by at least two of the first blade, the second blade, or a third blade comprising the fifth end effector and the sixth end effector, wherein the third blade is attached to the robot apparatus. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
alternately performing the retrieving of one of four processed substrates from the process chamber and the placing one of the first substrate, the second substrate, the third substrate, or the fourth substrate into the process chamber using the first blade, the second blade, and the third blade, wherein as a result of the retrieving and the placing:
the fifth end effector and the sixth end effector each hold one of the four processed substrates; and
one of a) the first end effector and the second end effector each hold one of the four processed substrates, orb) the third end effector and the fourth end effector each hold one of the four processed substrates. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
concurrently placing a first processed substrate into a first load lock and a second processed substrate into the first load lock by the fifth end effector and the sixth end effector, respectively; and one of a) concurrently placing a third processed substrate into a second load lock by the first end effector and a fourth processed substrate into the second load lock by the second end effector, respectively, or b) concurrently placing the third processed substrate into the second load lock by the third end effector and the fourth processed substrate into the second load lock by the fourth end effector, respectively. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein alternately performing the retrieving of one of the four processed substrates from the process chamber and the placing of one of the first substrate, the second substrate, the third substrate, or the fourth substrate into the process chamber using the first blade, the second blade, and the third blade comprises:
retrieving a first processed substrate from the process chamber by the fifth end effector; subsequently performing the placing of the second substrate in the processing chamber by the second end effector; retrieving a second processed substrate from the processing chamber by the sixth end effector; subsequently performing the placing of the first substrate in the processing chamber by the first end effector; retrieving a third processed substrate from a processing chamber by the first end effector; subsequently performing the placing of the fourth substrate in the processing chamber by the fourth end effector; retrieving a fourth processed substrate from the processing chamber by the second end effector; and subsequently performing the placing of the third substrate in the processing chamber by the third end effector. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein:
retrieval of the first substrate by the first end effector and retrieval of the third substrate by third end effector is performed concurrently; and retrieval of the second substrate by the second end effector and retrieval of the fourth substrate by the fourth end effector is performed concurrently. 23. A blade for a robot arm, the blade comprising:
a first end effector attached to a distal end of the blade, wherein the first end effector is attached to the blade at a fixed position relative to the blade; and a second end effector attached to the distal end of the blade, wherein the second end effector is attached to the blade at a fixed position below the first end effector. 24. The method of claim 17, wherein the first end effector comprises a first substrate support location having a first nominal center and the second end effector comprises a second substrate support location having a second nominal center, wherein the first nominal center and the second nominal center are aligned along a vertical axis. 25. The method of claim 17, wherein the first, second and third wrists are each independently rotatable about the outboard axis. | 3,700 |
349,529 | 16,807,129 | 3,772 | The present invention provides combinations of (a) an immunoconjugate comprising a first antibody engineered to have reduced effector function and an effector moiety, and (b) a second antibody engineered to have increased effector function, for use in treating a disease in an individual in need thereof. Further provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the combinations, and methods of using them. | 1. A combination of (a) an immunoconjugate comprising a first antibody engineered to have reduced effector function and an effector moiety, and (b) a second antibody engineered to have increased effector function, for use in treating a disease in an individual in need thereof. 2. The combination of claim 1, wherein the effector moiety is a cytokine 3. The combination of claim 1 or 2, wherein the effector moiety is a cytokine selected from the group consisting of IL-2, GM-CSF, IFN-α, and IL-12. 4. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the effector moiety is IL-2. 5. The combination of claim 4, wherein the IL-2 effector moiety is a mutant IL-2 effector moiety comprising at least one amino acid mutation, particularly an amino acid substitution, that reduces or abolishes the affinity of the mutant IL-2 effector moiety to the a-subunit of the IL-2 receptor but preserves the affinity of the mutant IL-2 effector moiety to the intermediate-affinity IL-2 receptor, compared to the non-mutated IL-2 effector moiety. 6. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first antibody is a full-length antibody, particularly an IgG class antibody, more particularly and IgG1 sub-class antibody. 7. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the effector moiety shares an amino-or carboxy-terminal peptide bond with the first antibody. 8. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first antibody is engineered to have reduced binding to an activating Fc receptor, particularly reduced binding to human FcγRIIIa. 9. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the first antibody comprises an amino acid substitution at position P329 of the immunoglobulin heavy chains (Kabat numbering). 10. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first antibody comprises the amino acid substitutions L234A, L235A and P329G in the immunoglobulin heavy chains. 11. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the immunoconjugate essentially consists of an effector moiety, particularly a single chain effector moiety, and a first antibody engineered to have reduced effector function, wherein the effector moiety is fused at its amino-terminal amino acid to the carboxy-terminus of one of the heavy chains of the first antibody, optionally through a peptide linker. 12. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the first antibody is directed to an antigen presented on a tumor cell or in a tumor cell environment. 13. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the second antibody is a full-length IgG class antibody, particularly an IgG1 subclass antibody. 14. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the effector function is selected from the group of binding to an activating Fc receptor, ADCC, ADCP, CDC, and cytokine secretion. 15. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the effector function is increased binding to an activating Fc receptor and/or increased ADCC. 16. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the second antibody is engineered by introduction of one or more amino acid mutations in the Fc region or by modification of the glycosylation in the Fc region. 17. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the second antibody is engineered to have an increased proportion of non-fucosylated oligosaccharides in the Fc region as compared to a non-engineered antibody. 18. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the second antibody is directed to an antigen presented on a tumor cell. 19. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the disease is a disorder treatable by stimulation of effector cell function, particularly cancer. 20. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the individual is a mammal, particularly a human. 21. A pharmaceutical composition comprising (a) an immunoconjugate comprising a first antibody engineered to have reduced effector function and an effector moiety, and (b) a second antibody engineered to have increased effector function, in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 22. A method of treating a disease in an individual, comprising administering to the individual a combination of (a) an immunoconjugate comprising a first antibody engineered to have reduced effector function and an effector moiety, and (b) a second antibody engineered to have increased effector function, in a therapeutically effective amount. 23. A method of stimulating effector cell function in an individual, comprising administering to the individual a combination of (a) an immunoconjugate comprising a first antibody engineered to have reduced effector function and an effector moiety, and (b) a second antibody engineered to have increased effector function, in an amount effective to stimulate effector cell function. 24. A kit intended for the treatment of a disease, comprising in the same or in separate containers (a) an immunoconjugate comprising a first antibody engineered to have reduced effector function and an effector moiety, (b) a second antibody engineered to have increased effector function, and (c) optionally a package insert comprising printed instructions directing the use of the combined treatment as a method for treating the disease. | The present invention provides combinations of (a) an immunoconjugate comprising a first antibody engineered to have reduced effector function and an effector moiety, and (b) a second antibody engineered to have increased effector function, for use in treating a disease in an individual in need thereof. Further provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the combinations, and methods of using them.1. A combination of (a) an immunoconjugate comprising a first antibody engineered to have reduced effector function and an effector moiety, and (b) a second antibody engineered to have increased effector function, for use in treating a disease in an individual in need thereof. 2. The combination of claim 1, wherein the effector moiety is a cytokine 3. The combination of claim 1 or 2, wherein the effector moiety is a cytokine selected from the group consisting of IL-2, GM-CSF, IFN-α, and IL-12. 4. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the effector moiety is IL-2. 5. The combination of claim 4, wherein the IL-2 effector moiety is a mutant IL-2 effector moiety comprising at least one amino acid mutation, particularly an amino acid substitution, that reduces or abolishes the affinity of the mutant IL-2 effector moiety to the a-subunit of the IL-2 receptor but preserves the affinity of the mutant IL-2 effector moiety to the intermediate-affinity IL-2 receptor, compared to the non-mutated IL-2 effector moiety. 6. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first antibody is a full-length antibody, particularly an IgG class antibody, more particularly and IgG1 sub-class antibody. 7. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the effector moiety shares an amino-or carboxy-terminal peptide bond with the first antibody. 8. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first antibody is engineered to have reduced binding to an activating Fc receptor, particularly reduced binding to human FcγRIIIa. 9. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the first antibody comprises an amino acid substitution at position P329 of the immunoglobulin heavy chains (Kabat numbering). 10. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first antibody comprises the amino acid substitutions L234A, L235A and P329G in the immunoglobulin heavy chains. 11. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the immunoconjugate essentially consists of an effector moiety, particularly a single chain effector moiety, and a first antibody engineered to have reduced effector function, wherein the effector moiety is fused at its amino-terminal amino acid to the carboxy-terminus of one of the heavy chains of the first antibody, optionally through a peptide linker. 12. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the first antibody is directed to an antigen presented on a tumor cell or in a tumor cell environment. 13. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the second antibody is a full-length IgG class antibody, particularly an IgG1 subclass antibody. 14. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the effector function is selected from the group of binding to an activating Fc receptor, ADCC, ADCP, CDC, and cytokine secretion. 15. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the effector function is increased binding to an activating Fc receptor and/or increased ADCC. 16. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the second antibody is engineered by introduction of one or more amino acid mutations in the Fc region or by modification of the glycosylation in the Fc region. 17. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the second antibody is engineered to have an increased proportion of non-fucosylated oligosaccharides in the Fc region as compared to a non-engineered antibody. 18. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the second antibody is directed to an antigen presented on a tumor cell. 19. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the disease is a disorder treatable by stimulation of effector cell function, particularly cancer. 20. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the individual is a mammal, particularly a human. 21. A pharmaceutical composition comprising (a) an immunoconjugate comprising a first antibody engineered to have reduced effector function and an effector moiety, and (b) a second antibody engineered to have increased effector function, in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 22. A method of treating a disease in an individual, comprising administering to the individual a combination of (a) an immunoconjugate comprising a first antibody engineered to have reduced effector function and an effector moiety, and (b) a second antibody engineered to have increased effector function, in a therapeutically effective amount. 23. A method of stimulating effector cell function in an individual, comprising administering to the individual a combination of (a) an immunoconjugate comprising a first antibody engineered to have reduced effector function and an effector moiety, and (b) a second antibody engineered to have increased effector function, in an amount effective to stimulate effector cell function. 24. A kit intended for the treatment of a disease, comprising in the same or in separate containers (a) an immunoconjugate comprising a first antibody engineered to have reduced effector function and an effector moiety, (b) a second antibody engineered to have increased effector function, and (c) optionally a package insert comprising printed instructions directing the use of the combined treatment as a method for treating the disease. | 3,700 |
349,530 | 16,807,142 | 2,872 | An optical wavelength dispersion device is disclosed, which includes a waveguide unit and an adjustable reflecting unit, wherein the waveguide unit has a first substrate, an input unit, a grating, a reflector and a second substrate. The input unit is formed on the first substrate and having a slit for receiving an optical signal, a grating is formed on the first substrate for producing an output beam once the optical signal is dispersed, the reflector is formed on the first substrate for reflecting the output beam, the second substrate is located on the input unit, the grating and the reflector, and forms a waveguide space with the first substrate; the adjustable reflecting unit is located outside of the waveguide unit, and is used for changing emitting angle and adjusting focus of the output beam. | 1. An optical wavelength dispersion device, comprising:
a waveguide unit, which includes: a first substrate; an input unit, which is formed on the first substrate and has a slit for receiving an optical signal; a grating, which is formed on the first substrate and capable of producing an output beam once the optical signal has been dispersed; a reflector, which is located outside of the waveguide unit, being used for reflecting the output beam; a second substrate, which is located on the input unit, the grating and the reflector, forming a waveguide space with the first substrate; and an adjustable reflecting unit, which is located outside of the waveguide unit, being used for changing emitting angle and adjusting focus of the output beam. 2. The optical wavelength dispersion device of claim 1, wherein the input unit and the grating are formed by exposing a photoresist layer under a high energy light source, which the high energy light source has a wavelength thereof ranging from 0.01 nm to 100 nm. 3. The optical wavelength dispersion device of claim 1, wherein the grating has a concave, convex or planar profile, and a surface appearing in a continuous laminar type, a saw-tooth type, a blaze type, a sinusoidal type, or a combination of the above. 4. The optical wavelength dispersion device of claim 1, wherein the waveguide unit and the adjustable reflecting unit are wrapped by an outer casing. 5. The optical wavelength dispersion device of claim 4, wherein a bottom of the outer casing is provided with a sliding groove, wherein a sliding member is located and capable of sliding therein, and the adjustable reflecting unit is connected with the sliding member for adjusting focus of the output beam. | An optical wavelength dispersion device is disclosed, which includes a waveguide unit and an adjustable reflecting unit, wherein the waveguide unit has a first substrate, an input unit, a grating, a reflector and a second substrate. The input unit is formed on the first substrate and having a slit for receiving an optical signal, a grating is formed on the first substrate for producing an output beam once the optical signal is dispersed, the reflector is formed on the first substrate for reflecting the output beam, the second substrate is located on the input unit, the grating and the reflector, and forms a waveguide space with the first substrate; the adjustable reflecting unit is located outside of the waveguide unit, and is used for changing emitting angle and adjusting focus of the output beam.1. An optical wavelength dispersion device, comprising:
a waveguide unit, which includes: a first substrate; an input unit, which is formed on the first substrate and has a slit for receiving an optical signal; a grating, which is formed on the first substrate and capable of producing an output beam once the optical signal has been dispersed; a reflector, which is located outside of the waveguide unit, being used for reflecting the output beam; a second substrate, which is located on the input unit, the grating and the reflector, forming a waveguide space with the first substrate; and an adjustable reflecting unit, which is located outside of the waveguide unit, being used for changing emitting angle and adjusting focus of the output beam. 2. The optical wavelength dispersion device of claim 1, wherein the input unit and the grating are formed by exposing a photoresist layer under a high energy light source, which the high energy light source has a wavelength thereof ranging from 0.01 nm to 100 nm. 3. The optical wavelength dispersion device of claim 1, wherein the grating has a concave, convex or planar profile, and a surface appearing in a continuous laminar type, a saw-tooth type, a blaze type, a sinusoidal type, or a combination of the above. 4. The optical wavelength dispersion device of claim 1, wherein the waveguide unit and the adjustable reflecting unit are wrapped by an outer casing. 5. The optical wavelength dispersion device of claim 4, wherein a bottom of the outer casing is provided with a sliding groove, wherein a sliding member is located and capable of sliding therein, and the adjustable reflecting unit is connected with the sliding member for adjusting focus of the output beam. | 2,800 |
349,531 | 16,807,135 | 2,177 | Techniques are described for using computing devices to perform automated operations involved in analysis of images acquired in a defined area, as part of generating mapping information of the defined area for subsequent use (e.g., for controlling navigation of devices, for display on client devices in corresponding GUIs, etc.). The defined area may include an interior of a multi-room building, and the generated information including a floor map of the building, such as from an analysis of multiple 360° spherical panorama images acquired at various viewing locations within the building (e.g., using an image acquisition device with a spherical camera having one or more fisheye lenses to capture a panorama image that extends 360 degrees around a vertical axis)—the generating may be further performed without detailed information about distances from the images' viewing locations to objects in the surrounding building. | 1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
obtaining, by a server computing device, and for a house with multiple rooms, information about a plurality of images taken at a plurality of viewing locations within the multiple rooms, wherein the plurality of images include a spherical panorama image for each room that displays walls of the room and at least some of a floor and ceiling of the room using 360 degrees of horizontal coverage around a vertical axis and that has rectilinear visual representations for data vertically and non-rectilinear visual representations for data horizontally; obtaining, by a client computing device via a graphical user interface (GUI) displayed to a user of the client computing device, and for each of the multiple rooms, a user definition of a room shape for the room, by:
displaying, after transmission of the spherical panorama image for the room from the server computing device, and in a first image pane of the GUI, the spherical panorama image with overlaid visual border lines to represent borders between the walls and ceiling and floor in the room;
displaying, in a visual shape pane of the GUI that is separate from the first image pane, a shape for the room that matches the visual border lines displayed in the first image pane; and
updating the shape displayed in the visual shape pane simultaneously with manipulations by the user to the visual border lines displayed in the first image pane, until the user is finished matching the visual border lines displayed in the first image pane to borders visible in the displayed spherical panorama image, and then selecting the updated shape displayed in the visual shape pane as the room shape for the room;
obtaining, by the client computing device via the GUI displayed to the user on the client computing device, and using multiple room combinations that each includes two adjacent rooms and that aggregately include all of the multiple rooms, a defined relative layout of the two adjacent rooms for the room combination by, for each of the multiple room combinations:
displaying, in the first image pane of the GUI, the spherical panorama image for a first room of the two adjacent rooms, and a first visual representation overlaid on that spherical panorama image to represent an inter-room human passage in the first room for moving between the first room and a second room of the two adjacent rooms;
displaying, in a second image pane of the GUI, the spherical panorama image for the second room, and a second visual representation overlaid on that spherical panorama image to represent the inter-room human passage in the second room;
displaying, in the visual shape pane of the GUI, the room shape for the first room and the room shape for the second room and visual indications of the first and second visual representations; and
updating, by the client computing device, locations of the displayed room shapes for the first and second rooms in the visual shape pane as the user manipulates the first and second visual representations in the first and second visual image panes to identify locations in the first and second rooms of the inter-room human passage, until the user is finished identifying the locations in the first and second rooms and the room shapes for the first and second rooms in the visual shape pane are located to connect the first and second visual representations, and selecting the updated locations of the displayed room shapes for the first and second rooms in the visual shape pane as the defined relative layout of the two adjacent rooms;
generating, by the server computing device, and using the room shapes for the multiple rooms and the defined relative layouts for the room combinations, a floor map of the house, including to determine relative sizes and positions of each of the multiple rooms relative to other of the multiple rooms; and presenting, by the server computing device, the generated floor map of the house to one or more additional users using one or more additional devices, for use by the additional users in touring the multiple rooms of the house. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the obtaining of the user definition of the room shape for one of the multiple rooms further includes, in response to one or more additional manipulations by the user of the shape of the one room that is displayed in the visual shape pane, simultaneously updating the visual border lines overlaid in the first image pane on the spherical panorama image for the one room, and wherein the obtaining of the defined relative layout for one of the room combinations having first and second rooms further includes, in response to one or more further manipulations by the user of at least one room shape that is displayed in the visual shape pane for the first or second rooms of the room combination, simultaneously updating at least one of the first visual representation of the inter-room human passage overlaid in the first image pane on the spherical panorama image for the first room or the second visual representation of the inter-room human passage overlaid in the second image pane on the spherical panorama image for the second room. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the presenting of the generated floor map to one of the additional users further includes:
receiving, by a computing device of the one additional user, the generated floor map from the server computing device, and displaying the received generated floor map to the user on the computing device, wherein the displayed floor map includes first visual indications of built-in elements of the house, and further includes second visual indications of measurements for at least some of the multiple rooms, and further includes third visual indications representing images taken within the house at locations corresponding to the third visual indications, and further includes fourth visual indications representing audio data recorded within the house at locations corresponding to the fourth visual indications;
displaying, by the computing device to the user, and in response to user selection of one of the third visual indications displayed on the floor map, an image associated with the one third visual indication; and
presenting, by the computing device to the user, and in response to user selection of one of the fourth visual indications displayed on the floor map, audio data associated with the one fourth visual indication. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the obtaining of the information about the plurality of images further includes:
capturing, by a recording device, and at each of the plurality of viewing locations, at least one of the plurality of images;
gathering, by the recording device and using one or more sensors, and as the recording device is moved between viewing locations, additional information above movement of the recording device;
producing, for each of the multiple rooms, the spherical panorama image for the room from one or more of the captured images and using a format based on an equirectangular projection; and
providing the produced spherical panorama images and the gathered additional information to the server computing device. 5. A computer-implemented method comprising:
obtaining, by one or more computing devices, a plurality of images taken at a plurality of viewing locations within multiple rooms of a building, including an image for each room that is from a spherical camera in the room and that includes 360 degrees of horizontal coverage with rectilinear visual representations vertically and with non-rectilinear visual representations horizontally; presenting, by the one or more computing devices via a displayed graphical user interface (GUI), and for each of the multiple rooms, the image for that room to obtain a user-defined room shape for that room and inter-room passage data for that room, including displaying visual border representations and receiving input from one or more users that manipulates the displayed visual border representations to identify borders in that room between walls and a ceiling and between walls and a floor, and including displaying a visual inter-room passage representation and receiving input from the one or more users that manipulates the displayed visual inter-room passage representation to identify a human-passable opening in the walls of that room; presenting, by the one or more computing devices via the displayed GUI, and for each of one or more room combinations each having two or more rooms of the multiple rooms, at least two images for the two or more rooms in the room combination to obtain a user-defined layout of the user-defined room shapes for at least those two or more rooms, including displaying the identified human-passable openings in the walls of the two or more rooms and receiving input from the one or more users to connect at least two of the identified human-passable openings in at least two rooms of the room combination as being part of a same passage between the at least two rooms; generating, by the one or more computing devices, a building floor map using the user-defined room shapes for the multiple rooms and the user-defined layouts for the one or more room combinations, including to determine sizes and locations and orientations of the multiple rooms in relationship to each other; and presenting, by the one or more computing devices, the generated building floor map to one or more additional users. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 wherein the GUI includes multiple panes that each display separate information, wherein the presenting of the image for a room to obtain a user-defined room shape and inter-room passage data for that room includes displaying the image in a first pane of the multiple panes in a format using an equirectangular projection and displaying visual border representations in the first pane overlaid on the displayed image, and further includes simultaneously displaying a room shape for that room in a second pane of the multiple panes, and wherein the displayed room shape and the displayed visual border representations correspond to each other such that user modifications to either the displayed room shape or the displayed visual border representations causes corresponding updated displays for the other of the displayed room shape and the displayed visual border representations. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 wherein the GUI includes multiple panes that each display separate information, wherein the presenting of the at least two images to obtain the user-defined layout of the defined room shapes for at least two rooms in a room combination includes displaying, in a first pane of the multiple panes and in a format using an equirectangular projection, a first image of the at least two images for a first room and displaying one or more first visual human-passable opening representations in the first pane overlaid on the displayed first image, and further includes simultaneously displaying, in a second pane of the multiple panes and in the format using the equirectangular projection, a second image of the at least two images for a second room and displaying one or more second visual human-passable opening representations in the second pane overlaid on the displayed second image, and further includes simultaneously displaying a room shape for each of the first and second rooms in a third pane of the multiple panes, and wherein the displayed room shapes for the first and second rooms correspond to the displayed first and second visual human-passable opening representations such that user modifications to the displayed room shapes for the first and second rooms or to the displayed first and second visual human-passable opening representations causes corresponding updated displays for corresponding information in one or more other panes. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 wherein the one or more computing devices perform further automated operations that include at least one of:
analyzing, by the one or more computing devices and for each of the images for the multiple rooms, the image for the room to identify at least one of candidate corners in the room or candidate borders in the room, and wherein the presenting of the image for a room to obtain a user-defined room shape and inter-room passage data for that room includes enabling the one or more users to indicate to use the identified at least one of the candidate corners in the room or the candidate borders in the room to position the displayed visual border representations overlaid on the image for the room; or
analyzing, by the one or more computing devices and for each of the images for the multiple rooms, the image for the room to identify one or more candidate openings in the room for at least one type of human-passable opening, and wherein the presenting of the image for a room to obtain a user-defined room shape and inter-room passage data for that room includes enabling the one or more users to indicate to use the identified one or more candidate openings to position the displayed visual inter-room passage representation overlaid on the image for the room; or
analyzing, by the one or more computing devices and for each of the images for the multiple rooms, the image for the room to identify one or more candidate windows in the room, and wherein the presenting of the image for a room to obtain a user-defined room shape and inter-room passage data for that room further includes displaying one or more visual windows representations and enabling the one or more users to indicate to use the identified one or more candidate windows to position the displayed visual window representations overlaid on the image for the room and receiving input from the one or more users that manipulates the displayed visual window representations to identify one or more windows in that room; or
applying, by the one or more computing devices and for each of the multiple rooms, one or more shape constraints to the user-defined room shape for the room to modify the user-defined room shape to satisfy the one or more shape constraints, and wherein obtaining the user-defined layout of the defined room shapes for at least two or more rooms of a room combination includes displaying the modified user-defined room shapes for the at least two or more rooms and arranging the displayed modified user-defined room shapes to connect the at least two identified human-passable openings in the at least two rooms of the room combination; or
applying, by the one or more computing devices and for each of the multiple rooms, one or more layout optimizations to the defined relative layouts for the room combinations as part of the generating of the floor map, to modify the defined relative layouts to satisfy the one or more layout optimizations. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 further comprising:
determining, by the one or more computing devices, at least one distance measurement for at least one element in at least one of the plurality of images;
determining, by the one or more computing devices, and using the determined at least one distance measurement and the user-defined room shapes, dimensions of each of the multiple rooms;
generating, by the one or more computing devices, and using the determined dimensions of each of the multiple rooms and the generated building floor map, at least one of architectural drawings or engineering drawings of the building; and
providing, by the one or more computing devices, the generated at least one of the architectural drawings or engineering drawings of the building, to enable structural modifications to the building. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 further comprising using, by the one or more computing devices, the generated floor map to further control navigation activities by an autonomous vehicle, including providing the generated floor map for use by the autonomous vehicle in moving between the multiple rooms of the building. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 wherein the presenting of the generated building floor map includes transmitting, by the one or more computing devices, the generated floor map to one or more client devices of the one or more additional users for display on the one or more client devices, to cause use of the displayed generated floor map of the building for navigating the building. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 wherein the one or more computing devices perform further automated operations to obtain information from the one or more users for each of one or more rooms of the multiple rooms that includes at least one of:
a textual label for the room; or
one or more fixtures in the room; or
one or more appliances in the room; or
one or more built-in elements in the room; or
one or more dimensions for the room; or
one or more indications of one or more objects in the room having one or more defined dimensions; or
one or more indications of one or more audio recordings to be associated with one or more locations in the room; or
one or more indications of one or more textual descriptions to be associated with at least one location in the room; or
one or more indications of one or more images to be associated with one or more locations in the room; or
a geographical orientation of one or more elements in the room,
and wherein the generating of the floor map includes adding visual indications to the one or more rooms in the floor map that correspond to the obtained information,
and wherein the presenting of the generated building floor map includes presenting the added visual indications in the one or more rooms of the floor map. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 12 wherein the obtained information includes at least one of an image associated with a first location in one of the rooms or an audio recording associated with a second location in one of the rooms, and wherein the presenting of the generated building floor map further includes:
presenting, by the one or more computing devices, at least one of a first user-selectable visual indicator on the presented floor map at the first location to represent the image associated with the first location or a second user-selectable visual indicator on the presented floor map at the second location to represent the audio recording associated with the second location;
receiving, by the one or more computing devices, a selection by one of the additional users of the first or second user-selectable visual indicator on the presented floor map; and
presenting, by the one or more computing devices and to the one additional user, the image associated with the first location if the selection by the one user is of the first user-selectable visual indicator on the presented floor map, or the audio recording associated with the second location if the selection by the one user is of the second user-selectable visual indicator on the presented floor map. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 wherein the generated building floor map is a two-dimensional map that does not include building height information, wherein the method further comprises obtaining, by the one or more computing devices, height information for at least one room of the multiple rooms, wherein the generating of the building floor map further includes generating, by the one or more computing devices, a three-dimensional model of the building that is based at least in part on the two-dimensional map and on the height information, and wherein the presenting of the generated building floor map to the one or more additional users further includes displaying, by the one or more computing devices, a visual rendering of the three-dimensional model to one of the additional users that includes visual information for height. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 wherein the generated building floor map is two-dimensional, and wherein the presenting of the generated building floor map to the one or more additional users further includes displaying, by the one or more computing devices, a visual rendering of the generated building floor map that includes visual representations of walls, and displaying, for each of one or more of the multiple rooms, at least some of the image for the room on visual representations of the walls of the room. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 wherein the building further includes one or more additional areas that are separate from the multiple rooms, and wherein the generating of the building floor map further includes analyzing, by the one or more computing devices, information about the building that includes the user-defined layouts to identify the one or more additional areas, and representing the one or more additional areas on the generated building floor map. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 wherein one or more rooms of the multiple rooms each has multiple images taken within the room that are each a spherical panorama image in a format using an equirectangular projection, and wherein the method further comprises determining, by the one or more computing devices and for each of the one or more rooms, a final user-defined room shape for the room by combining information received from the user about borders of the room from each of the multiple images taken within the room. 18. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 further comprising, for each of one or more of the plurality of images, determining a position within the building at which the image is taken, adding a visual indication of the determined position to the generated building floor map, and displaying the visual indication on the presented building floor map, the determining of the position within the building at which each of the one or more images is taken including:
presenting, by the one or more computing devices via the displayed GUI, the image and the user-defined room shape for a room in which the image was taken, including:
displaying at least three visual vertical representations overlaid on the image;
displaying, for each of the at least three visual vertical representations, a visual location indication on the user-defined room shape that is associated with the visual vertical representation; and
if the image is in a perspective format, further displaying at least two visual horizontal representations overlaid on the image, and an associated visual wall indication on the user-defined room shape for each of the at least two visual horizontal representations;
receiving, by the one or more computing devices, input from the one or more users via the displayed GUI to position each of the displayed at least three visual vertical representations at specified locations on the image and to position each visual location indication on the user-defined room shape at a location matching the specified location of its associated visual vertical representation;
receiving, by the one or more computing devices and if the image is in a perspective format, further input from the one or more users via the displayed GUI to position each of the displayed at least two visual horizontal representations on specified walls in the image and to position each visual wall indication on the user-defined room shape at a location along a wall matching the specified wall of its associated visual horizontal representation;
determining, by the one or more computing devices, and for a floor of the room in which the image was taken, a location on the floor at which the image was taken by analyzing the specified locations of the displayed at least three visual vertical representations;
determining, by the one or more computing devices, a height from the floor at which the image was taken by:
if the image is in a perspective format, analyzing an angle between the displayed at least two visual horizontal representations on the specified walls in the image; and
if the image is in a perspective format, analyzing information in the image that includes an amount of curvature of horizontal data in the image; and
selecting, by the one or more computing devices, the determined position within the building of the image based on the determined location on the floor of the room in which the image was taken and on the determined height from the floor. 19. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored contents that cause one or more computing devices to perform automated operations that include at least:
obtaining, by the one or more computing devices, a plurality of images taken at a plurality of viewing locations within multiple rooms of a building, including one or more images for each room that collectively include 360 degrees of horizontal coverage in the room with vertical rectilinear visual representations; obtaining, by the one or more computing devices, a defined room shape for each of the multiple rooms and locations of inter-room openings between rooms; presenting, by the one or more computing devices via a displayed graphical user interface (GUI) displayed to one or more users, and for each of two or more room combinations each having two or more rooms of the multiple rooms, at least two images for the two or more rooms in the room combination to obtain a user-defined layout of the defined room shapes for at least those two or more rooms, including displaying identified openings in walls of the two or more rooms and receiving input from the one or more users to connect at least two of the identified openings in at least two rooms of the room combination as being part of a same passage between the at least two rooms; generating, by the one or more computing devices, a building floor map using the defined room shapes for the multiple rooms and the user-defined layouts for the one or more room combinations; and providing, by the one or more computing devices, the generated building floor map for further use. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19 wherein the obtaining of the defined room shape for each of the multiple rooms and the locations of inter-room openings between rooms further includes:
presenting, by the one or more computing devices via the displayed GUI to the one or more users, and for each of the multiple rooms, the one or more images for that room to obtain a user-defined room shape for that room and inter-room passage data for that room, including to present, for each of at least one of the rooms, a single image for the room that includes 360 degrees of horizontal coverage and is shown with rectilinear visual representations vertically and with non-rectilinear visual representations horizontally, and including displaying visual border representations for each of the multiple rooms and receiving input from the one or more users that manipulates the displayed visual border representations for each room to identify borders in that room between at least one of walls and a ceiling, or walls and a floor, or multiple walls, and including displaying visual inter-room passage representations for each of the multiple rooms and receiving input from the one or more users that manipulates the displayed visual inter-room passage representations for each room to identify human-passable openings in and out of that room;
and wherein the providing of the generated building floor map for further use includes presenting, by the one or more computing devices, the generated building floor map to one or more additional users on one or more additional computing devices. 21. A system comprising:
one or more hardware processors; and one or more memories with stored instructions that, when executed, cause to system to perform automated operations including at least:
obtaining a plurality of images taken at a plurality of viewing locations within multiple rooms of a building, including one or more images for each room that collectively include 360 degrees of horizontal coverage in the room with vertical rectilinear visual representations;
presenting, via a displayed graphical user interface (GUI) and for each of the multiple rooms, the one or more images for that room to obtain a user-defined room shape for that room and inter-room passage data for that room, including displaying visual border representations and receiving input from one or more users that manipulates the displayed visual border representations to identify borders in that room between at least one of walls and a ceiling, or walls and a floor, or multiple walls, and including displaying visual inter-room passage representations and receiving input from the one or more users that manipulates the displayed visual inter-room passage representations to identify openings in and out of that room;
obtaining, for each of one or more room combinations each having two or more rooms of the multiple rooms, and using information about one or more identified openings between at least two rooms of the room combination, a defined layout of the user-defined room shapes for at least those two or more rooms that positions those user-defined room shapes relative to each other;
generating a building floor map using the user-defined room shapes for the multiple rooms and the defined layouts for the one or more room combinations; and
providing the generated building floor map for further use. 22. The system of claim 21 wherein the presenting of the one or more images for each of the multiple rooms includes presenting, for each of at least one of the rooms, a single image for the room that includes 360 degrees of horizontal coverage and is shown with rectilinear visual representations vertically and with non-rectilinear visual representations horizontally, wherein the input received from one or more users that manipulates the displayed visual border representations to identify borders in the at least one room includes manipulating displayed visual border representations for the at least one room to identify borders between multiple walls of the at least one room, and wherein the obtaining of the defined layout of the user-defined room shapes for each of the one or more room combinations further includes:
presenting, via the displayed GUI to the one or more users, and for each of the one or more room combinations, at least two images for two or more rooms in the room combination to obtain the defined layout of the user-defined room shapes for at least those two or more rooms, including displaying the identified openings in walls of the two or more rooms and receiving input from the one or more users to connect at least two of the identified openings in at least two rooms of the room combination as being part of a same passage between the at least two rooms;
and wherein the providing of the generated building floor map for further use includes presenting the generated building floor map to one or more additional users on one or more additional computing devices. | Techniques are described for using computing devices to perform automated operations involved in analysis of images acquired in a defined area, as part of generating mapping information of the defined area for subsequent use (e.g., for controlling navigation of devices, for display on client devices in corresponding GUIs, etc.). The defined area may include an interior of a multi-room building, and the generated information including a floor map of the building, such as from an analysis of multiple 360° spherical panorama images acquired at various viewing locations within the building (e.g., using an image acquisition device with a spherical camera having one or more fisheye lenses to capture a panorama image that extends 360 degrees around a vertical axis)—the generating may be further performed without detailed information about distances from the images' viewing locations to objects in the surrounding building.1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
obtaining, by a server computing device, and for a house with multiple rooms, information about a plurality of images taken at a plurality of viewing locations within the multiple rooms, wherein the plurality of images include a spherical panorama image for each room that displays walls of the room and at least some of a floor and ceiling of the room using 360 degrees of horizontal coverage around a vertical axis and that has rectilinear visual representations for data vertically and non-rectilinear visual representations for data horizontally; obtaining, by a client computing device via a graphical user interface (GUI) displayed to a user of the client computing device, and for each of the multiple rooms, a user definition of a room shape for the room, by:
displaying, after transmission of the spherical panorama image for the room from the server computing device, and in a first image pane of the GUI, the spherical panorama image with overlaid visual border lines to represent borders between the walls and ceiling and floor in the room;
displaying, in a visual shape pane of the GUI that is separate from the first image pane, a shape for the room that matches the visual border lines displayed in the first image pane; and
updating the shape displayed in the visual shape pane simultaneously with manipulations by the user to the visual border lines displayed in the first image pane, until the user is finished matching the visual border lines displayed in the first image pane to borders visible in the displayed spherical panorama image, and then selecting the updated shape displayed in the visual shape pane as the room shape for the room;
obtaining, by the client computing device via the GUI displayed to the user on the client computing device, and using multiple room combinations that each includes two adjacent rooms and that aggregately include all of the multiple rooms, a defined relative layout of the two adjacent rooms for the room combination by, for each of the multiple room combinations:
displaying, in the first image pane of the GUI, the spherical panorama image for a first room of the two adjacent rooms, and a first visual representation overlaid on that spherical panorama image to represent an inter-room human passage in the first room for moving between the first room and a second room of the two adjacent rooms;
displaying, in a second image pane of the GUI, the spherical panorama image for the second room, and a second visual representation overlaid on that spherical panorama image to represent the inter-room human passage in the second room;
displaying, in the visual shape pane of the GUI, the room shape for the first room and the room shape for the second room and visual indications of the first and second visual representations; and
updating, by the client computing device, locations of the displayed room shapes for the first and second rooms in the visual shape pane as the user manipulates the first and second visual representations in the first and second visual image panes to identify locations in the first and second rooms of the inter-room human passage, until the user is finished identifying the locations in the first and second rooms and the room shapes for the first and second rooms in the visual shape pane are located to connect the first and second visual representations, and selecting the updated locations of the displayed room shapes for the first and second rooms in the visual shape pane as the defined relative layout of the two adjacent rooms;
generating, by the server computing device, and using the room shapes for the multiple rooms and the defined relative layouts for the room combinations, a floor map of the house, including to determine relative sizes and positions of each of the multiple rooms relative to other of the multiple rooms; and presenting, by the server computing device, the generated floor map of the house to one or more additional users using one or more additional devices, for use by the additional users in touring the multiple rooms of the house. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the obtaining of the user definition of the room shape for one of the multiple rooms further includes, in response to one or more additional manipulations by the user of the shape of the one room that is displayed in the visual shape pane, simultaneously updating the visual border lines overlaid in the first image pane on the spherical panorama image for the one room, and wherein the obtaining of the defined relative layout for one of the room combinations having first and second rooms further includes, in response to one or more further manipulations by the user of at least one room shape that is displayed in the visual shape pane for the first or second rooms of the room combination, simultaneously updating at least one of the first visual representation of the inter-room human passage overlaid in the first image pane on the spherical panorama image for the first room or the second visual representation of the inter-room human passage overlaid in the second image pane on the spherical panorama image for the second room. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the presenting of the generated floor map to one of the additional users further includes:
receiving, by a computing device of the one additional user, the generated floor map from the server computing device, and displaying the received generated floor map to the user on the computing device, wherein the displayed floor map includes first visual indications of built-in elements of the house, and further includes second visual indications of measurements for at least some of the multiple rooms, and further includes third visual indications representing images taken within the house at locations corresponding to the third visual indications, and further includes fourth visual indications representing audio data recorded within the house at locations corresponding to the fourth visual indications;
displaying, by the computing device to the user, and in response to user selection of one of the third visual indications displayed on the floor map, an image associated with the one third visual indication; and
presenting, by the computing device to the user, and in response to user selection of one of the fourth visual indications displayed on the floor map, audio data associated with the one fourth visual indication. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the obtaining of the information about the plurality of images further includes:
capturing, by a recording device, and at each of the plurality of viewing locations, at least one of the plurality of images;
gathering, by the recording device and using one or more sensors, and as the recording device is moved between viewing locations, additional information above movement of the recording device;
producing, for each of the multiple rooms, the spherical panorama image for the room from one or more of the captured images and using a format based on an equirectangular projection; and
providing the produced spherical panorama images and the gathered additional information to the server computing device. 5. A computer-implemented method comprising:
obtaining, by one or more computing devices, a plurality of images taken at a plurality of viewing locations within multiple rooms of a building, including an image for each room that is from a spherical camera in the room and that includes 360 degrees of horizontal coverage with rectilinear visual representations vertically and with non-rectilinear visual representations horizontally; presenting, by the one or more computing devices via a displayed graphical user interface (GUI), and for each of the multiple rooms, the image for that room to obtain a user-defined room shape for that room and inter-room passage data for that room, including displaying visual border representations and receiving input from one or more users that manipulates the displayed visual border representations to identify borders in that room between walls and a ceiling and between walls and a floor, and including displaying a visual inter-room passage representation and receiving input from the one or more users that manipulates the displayed visual inter-room passage representation to identify a human-passable opening in the walls of that room; presenting, by the one or more computing devices via the displayed GUI, and for each of one or more room combinations each having two or more rooms of the multiple rooms, at least two images for the two or more rooms in the room combination to obtain a user-defined layout of the user-defined room shapes for at least those two or more rooms, including displaying the identified human-passable openings in the walls of the two or more rooms and receiving input from the one or more users to connect at least two of the identified human-passable openings in at least two rooms of the room combination as being part of a same passage between the at least two rooms; generating, by the one or more computing devices, a building floor map using the user-defined room shapes for the multiple rooms and the user-defined layouts for the one or more room combinations, including to determine sizes and locations and orientations of the multiple rooms in relationship to each other; and presenting, by the one or more computing devices, the generated building floor map to one or more additional users. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 wherein the GUI includes multiple panes that each display separate information, wherein the presenting of the image for a room to obtain a user-defined room shape and inter-room passage data for that room includes displaying the image in a first pane of the multiple panes in a format using an equirectangular projection and displaying visual border representations in the first pane overlaid on the displayed image, and further includes simultaneously displaying a room shape for that room in a second pane of the multiple panes, and wherein the displayed room shape and the displayed visual border representations correspond to each other such that user modifications to either the displayed room shape or the displayed visual border representations causes corresponding updated displays for the other of the displayed room shape and the displayed visual border representations. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 wherein the GUI includes multiple panes that each display separate information, wherein the presenting of the at least two images to obtain the user-defined layout of the defined room shapes for at least two rooms in a room combination includes displaying, in a first pane of the multiple panes and in a format using an equirectangular projection, a first image of the at least two images for a first room and displaying one or more first visual human-passable opening representations in the first pane overlaid on the displayed first image, and further includes simultaneously displaying, in a second pane of the multiple panes and in the format using the equirectangular projection, a second image of the at least two images for a second room and displaying one or more second visual human-passable opening representations in the second pane overlaid on the displayed second image, and further includes simultaneously displaying a room shape for each of the first and second rooms in a third pane of the multiple panes, and wherein the displayed room shapes for the first and second rooms correspond to the displayed first and second visual human-passable opening representations such that user modifications to the displayed room shapes for the first and second rooms or to the displayed first and second visual human-passable opening representations causes corresponding updated displays for corresponding information in one or more other panes. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 wherein the one or more computing devices perform further automated operations that include at least one of:
analyzing, by the one or more computing devices and for each of the images for the multiple rooms, the image for the room to identify at least one of candidate corners in the room or candidate borders in the room, and wherein the presenting of the image for a room to obtain a user-defined room shape and inter-room passage data for that room includes enabling the one or more users to indicate to use the identified at least one of the candidate corners in the room or the candidate borders in the room to position the displayed visual border representations overlaid on the image for the room; or
analyzing, by the one or more computing devices and for each of the images for the multiple rooms, the image for the room to identify one or more candidate openings in the room for at least one type of human-passable opening, and wherein the presenting of the image for a room to obtain a user-defined room shape and inter-room passage data for that room includes enabling the one or more users to indicate to use the identified one or more candidate openings to position the displayed visual inter-room passage representation overlaid on the image for the room; or
analyzing, by the one or more computing devices and for each of the images for the multiple rooms, the image for the room to identify one or more candidate windows in the room, and wherein the presenting of the image for a room to obtain a user-defined room shape and inter-room passage data for that room further includes displaying one or more visual windows representations and enabling the one or more users to indicate to use the identified one or more candidate windows to position the displayed visual window representations overlaid on the image for the room and receiving input from the one or more users that manipulates the displayed visual window representations to identify one or more windows in that room; or
applying, by the one or more computing devices and for each of the multiple rooms, one or more shape constraints to the user-defined room shape for the room to modify the user-defined room shape to satisfy the one or more shape constraints, and wherein obtaining the user-defined layout of the defined room shapes for at least two or more rooms of a room combination includes displaying the modified user-defined room shapes for the at least two or more rooms and arranging the displayed modified user-defined room shapes to connect the at least two identified human-passable openings in the at least two rooms of the room combination; or
applying, by the one or more computing devices and for each of the multiple rooms, one or more layout optimizations to the defined relative layouts for the room combinations as part of the generating of the floor map, to modify the defined relative layouts to satisfy the one or more layout optimizations. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 further comprising:
determining, by the one or more computing devices, at least one distance measurement for at least one element in at least one of the plurality of images;
determining, by the one or more computing devices, and using the determined at least one distance measurement and the user-defined room shapes, dimensions of each of the multiple rooms;
generating, by the one or more computing devices, and using the determined dimensions of each of the multiple rooms and the generated building floor map, at least one of architectural drawings or engineering drawings of the building; and
providing, by the one or more computing devices, the generated at least one of the architectural drawings or engineering drawings of the building, to enable structural modifications to the building. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 further comprising using, by the one or more computing devices, the generated floor map to further control navigation activities by an autonomous vehicle, including providing the generated floor map for use by the autonomous vehicle in moving between the multiple rooms of the building. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 wherein the presenting of the generated building floor map includes transmitting, by the one or more computing devices, the generated floor map to one or more client devices of the one or more additional users for display on the one or more client devices, to cause use of the displayed generated floor map of the building for navigating the building. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 wherein the one or more computing devices perform further automated operations to obtain information from the one or more users for each of one or more rooms of the multiple rooms that includes at least one of:
a textual label for the room; or
one or more fixtures in the room; or
one or more appliances in the room; or
one or more built-in elements in the room; or
one or more dimensions for the room; or
one or more indications of one or more objects in the room having one or more defined dimensions; or
one or more indications of one or more audio recordings to be associated with one or more locations in the room; or
one or more indications of one or more textual descriptions to be associated with at least one location in the room; or
one or more indications of one or more images to be associated with one or more locations in the room; or
a geographical orientation of one or more elements in the room,
and wherein the generating of the floor map includes adding visual indications to the one or more rooms in the floor map that correspond to the obtained information,
and wherein the presenting of the generated building floor map includes presenting the added visual indications in the one or more rooms of the floor map. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 12 wherein the obtained information includes at least one of an image associated with a first location in one of the rooms or an audio recording associated with a second location in one of the rooms, and wherein the presenting of the generated building floor map further includes:
presenting, by the one or more computing devices, at least one of a first user-selectable visual indicator on the presented floor map at the first location to represent the image associated with the first location or a second user-selectable visual indicator on the presented floor map at the second location to represent the audio recording associated with the second location;
receiving, by the one or more computing devices, a selection by one of the additional users of the first or second user-selectable visual indicator on the presented floor map; and
presenting, by the one or more computing devices and to the one additional user, the image associated with the first location if the selection by the one user is of the first user-selectable visual indicator on the presented floor map, or the audio recording associated with the second location if the selection by the one user is of the second user-selectable visual indicator on the presented floor map. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 wherein the generated building floor map is a two-dimensional map that does not include building height information, wherein the method further comprises obtaining, by the one or more computing devices, height information for at least one room of the multiple rooms, wherein the generating of the building floor map further includes generating, by the one or more computing devices, a three-dimensional model of the building that is based at least in part on the two-dimensional map and on the height information, and wherein the presenting of the generated building floor map to the one or more additional users further includes displaying, by the one or more computing devices, a visual rendering of the three-dimensional model to one of the additional users that includes visual information for height. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 wherein the generated building floor map is two-dimensional, and wherein the presenting of the generated building floor map to the one or more additional users further includes displaying, by the one or more computing devices, a visual rendering of the generated building floor map that includes visual representations of walls, and displaying, for each of one or more of the multiple rooms, at least some of the image for the room on visual representations of the walls of the room. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 wherein the building further includes one or more additional areas that are separate from the multiple rooms, and wherein the generating of the building floor map further includes analyzing, by the one or more computing devices, information about the building that includes the user-defined layouts to identify the one or more additional areas, and representing the one or more additional areas on the generated building floor map. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 wherein one or more rooms of the multiple rooms each has multiple images taken within the room that are each a spherical panorama image in a format using an equirectangular projection, and wherein the method further comprises determining, by the one or more computing devices and for each of the one or more rooms, a final user-defined room shape for the room by combining information received from the user about borders of the room from each of the multiple images taken within the room. 18. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 further comprising, for each of one or more of the plurality of images, determining a position within the building at which the image is taken, adding a visual indication of the determined position to the generated building floor map, and displaying the visual indication on the presented building floor map, the determining of the position within the building at which each of the one or more images is taken including:
presenting, by the one or more computing devices via the displayed GUI, the image and the user-defined room shape for a room in which the image was taken, including:
displaying at least three visual vertical representations overlaid on the image;
displaying, for each of the at least three visual vertical representations, a visual location indication on the user-defined room shape that is associated with the visual vertical representation; and
if the image is in a perspective format, further displaying at least two visual horizontal representations overlaid on the image, and an associated visual wall indication on the user-defined room shape for each of the at least two visual horizontal representations;
receiving, by the one or more computing devices, input from the one or more users via the displayed GUI to position each of the displayed at least three visual vertical representations at specified locations on the image and to position each visual location indication on the user-defined room shape at a location matching the specified location of its associated visual vertical representation;
receiving, by the one or more computing devices and if the image is in a perspective format, further input from the one or more users via the displayed GUI to position each of the displayed at least two visual horizontal representations on specified walls in the image and to position each visual wall indication on the user-defined room shape at a location along a wall matching the specified wall of its associated visual horizontal representation;
determining, by the one or more computing devices, and for a floor of the room in which the image was taken, a location on the floor at which the image was taken by analyzing the specified locations of the displayed at least three visual vertical representations;
determining, by the one or more computing devices, a height from the floor at which the image was taken by:
if the image is in a perspective format, analyzing an angle between the displayed at least two visual horizontal representations on the specified walls in the image; and
if the image is in a perspective format, analyzing information in the image that includes an amount of curvature of horizontal data in the image; and
selecting, by the one or more computing devices, the determined position within the building of the image based on the determined location on the floor of the room in which the image was taken and on the determined height from the floor. 19. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored contents that cause one or more computing devices to perform automated operations that include at least:
obtaining, by the one or more computing devices, a plurality of images taken at a plurality of viewing locations within multiple rooms of a building, including one or more images for each room that collectively include 360 degrees of horizontal coverage in the room with vertical rectilinear visual representations; obtaining, by the one or more computing devices, a defined room shape for each of the multiple rooms and locations of inter-room openings between rooms; presenting, by the one or more computing devices via a displayed graphical user interface (GUI) displayed to one or more users, and for each of two or more room combinations each having two or more rooms of the multiple rooms, at least two images for the two or more rooms in the room combination to obtain a user-defined layout of the defined room shapes for at least those two or more rooms, including displaying identified openings in walls of the two or more rooms and receiving input from the one or more users to connect at least two of the identified openings in at least two rooms of the room combination as being part of a same passage between the at least two rooms; generating, by the one or more computing devices, a building floor map using the defined room shapes for the multiple rooms and the user-defined layouts for the one or more room combinations; and providing, by the one or more computing devices, the generated building floor map for further use. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19 wherein the obtaining of the defined room shape for each of the multiple rooms and the locations of inter-room openings between rooms further includes:
presenting, by the one or more computing devices via the displayed GUI to the one or more users, and for each of the multiple rooms, the one or more images for that room to obtain a user-defined room shape for that room and inter-room passage data for that room, including to present, for each of at least one of the rooms, a single image for the room that includes 360 degrees of horizontal coverage and is shown with rectilinear visual representations vertically and with non-rectilinear visual representations horizontally, and including displaying visual border representations for each of the multiple rooms and receiving input from the one or more users that manipulates the displayed visual border representations for each room to identify borders in that room between at least one of walls and a ceiling, or walls and a floor, or multiple walls, and including displaying visual inter-room passage representations for each of the multiple rooms and receiving input from the one or more users that manipulates the displayed visual inter-room passage representations for each room to identify human-passable openings in and out of that room;
and wherein the providing of the generated building floor map for further use includes presenting, by the one or more computing devices, the generated building floor map to one or more additional users on one or more additional computing devices. 21. A system comprising:
one or more hardware processors; and one or more memories with stored instructions that, when executed, cause to system to perform automated operations including at least:
obtaining a plurality of images taken at a plurality of viewing locations within multiple rooms of a building, including one or more images for each room that collectively include 360 degrees of horizontal coverage in the room with vertical rectilinear visual representations;
presenting, via a displayed graphical user interface (GUI) and for each of the multiple rooms, the one or more images for that room to obtain a user-defined room shape for that room and inter-room passage data for that room, including displaying visual border representations and receiving input from one or more users that manipulates the displayed visual border representations to identify borders in that room between at least one of walls and a ceiling, or walls and a floor, or multiple walls, and including displaying visual inter-room passage representations and receiving input from the one or more users that manipulates the displayed visual inter-room passage representations to identify openings in and out of that room;
obtaining, for each of one or more room combinations each having two or more rooms of the multiple rooms, and using information about one or more identified openings between at least two rooms of the room combination, a defined layout of the user-defined room shapes for at least those two or more rooms that positions those user-defined room shapes relative to each other;
generating a building floor map using the user-defined room shapes for the multiple rooms and the defined layouts for the one or more room combinations; and
providing the generated building floor map for further use. 22. The system of claim 21 wherein the presenting of the one or more images for each of the multiple rooms includes presenting, for each of at least one of the rooms, a single image for the room that includes 360 degrees of horizontal coverage and is shown with rectilinear visual representations vertically and with non-rectilinear visual representations horizontally, wherein the input received from one or more users that manipulates the displayed visual border representations to identify borders in the at least one room includes manipulating displayed visual border representations for the at least one room to identify borders between multiple walls of the at least one room, and wherein the obtaining of the defined layout of the user-defined room shapes for each of the one or more room combinations further includes:
presenting, via the displayed GUI to the one or more users, and for each of the one or more room combinations, at least two images for two or more rooms in the room combination to obtain the defined layout of the user-defined room shapes for at least those two or more rooms, including displaying the identified openings in walls of the two or more rooms and receiving input from the one or more users to connect at least two of the identified openings in at least two rooms of the room combination as being part of a same passage between the at least two rooms;
and wherein the providing of the generated building floor map for further use includes presenting the generated building floor map to one or more additional users on one or more additional computing devices. | 2,100 |
349,532 | 16,807,085 | 2,177 | A method builds models for matching patients to clinicians. For each of a plurality of patients, the method retrieves a plurality of clinician selection characteristics and a temporal sequence of two or more health assessments. Each health assessment tracks a plurality of health status conditions and a treating clinician. The method then forms a respective feature vector that includes the clinician selection characteristics, indicators for health characteristics, a computed health status change according to the temporal sequence of two or more health assessments, and an identifier of the treating clinician. The method uses the feature vectors to train a model that correlates sets of clinician selection characteristics and health characteristics to optimal treating clinicians. The method then stores the trained model in a database for subsequent use in matching new patients to treating clinicians. | 1. A method for building a model for matching patients to clinicians, performed at a computing device having one or more processors and memory storing one or more programs configured for execution by the one or more processors:
for each of a plurality of patients:
retrieving a respective plurality of clinician selection characteristics and a respective temporal sequence of two or more health assessments, each health assessment tracking a plurality of health status conditions and a respective treating clinician;
forming a respective feature vector comprising the respective clinician selection characteristics, indicators for a plurality of health characteristics determined from the health status conditions, a computed health status change according to the temporal sequence of two or more health assessments, and an identifier of the respective treating clinician;
using the feature vectors to train a model that correlates sets of clinician selection characteristics and health characteristics to optimal treating clinicians; and storing the trained model in a database for subsequent use in matching new patients to treating clinicians. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of patients are mental health patients; the plurality of health status conditions are mental health status conditions; and the health assessments are behavioral health assessments. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein each feature vector further comprises one or more physical health characteristics measured by tests other than the health assessments. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein each health assessment corresponds to a respective patient-clinician visit. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
for each of the health assessments, computing a respective composite health score, wherein each health status change is computed as a difference between composite health scores. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising, for each of the health assessments, computing a respective composite health score, wherein:
the health status change for each patient is computed based on two or more of the composite health scores for a respective patient. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
comparing the health status change for the respective patient to an expected treatment response trend. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the expected treatment response trend is calculated using hierarchical linear modeling based on normative data for patients having one or more clinician selection characteristics that match the clinician selection characteristics of the respective patient. 9. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
determining whether the health status change of the respective patient is statistically significant. 10. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
testing the trained model by comparing results of the trained model to at least a component of the composite score. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the health assessments further track one or more characteristics of interactions between patients and treating clinicians. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more characteristics measure symptoms known to be correlated with a set of preselected medical conditions. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
testing the trained model by comparing results of the trained model to one or more of: emergency room utilization records, hospital admissions records, and medical comorbidity code records. 14. A computer system for matching patients to clinicians, comprising:
one or more processors; memory; and one or more programs stored in the memory and configured for execution by the one or more processors, the one or more programs comprising instructions for:
for each of a plurality of patients:
retrieving a respective plurality of clinician selection characteristics and a respective temporal sequence of two or more health assessments, each health assessment tracking a plurality of health status conditions and a respective treating clinician;
forming a respective feature vector comprising the respective clinician selection characteristics, indicators for a plurality of health characteristics determined from the health status conditions, a computed health status change according to the temporal sequence of two or more health assessments, and an identifier of the respective treating clinician;
using the feature vectors to train a model that correlates sets of clinician selection characteristics and health characteristics to optimal treating clinicians; and
storing the trained model in a database for subsequent use in matching new patients to treating clinicians. 15. The computer system of claim 14, wherein:
the plurality of patients are mental health patients; the plurality of health status conditions are mental health status conditions; and the health assessments are behavioral health assessments. 16. The computer system of claim 14, wherein each health assessment corresponds to a respective patient-clinician visit. 17. The computer system of claim 14, further comprising:
for each of the health assessments, computing a respective composite health score, wherein the health status change for each patient is computed based on two or more of the composite health scores for a respective patient. 18. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs configured for execution by a computer system having one or more processors, memory, and a display, the one or more programs comprising instructions for:
for each of a plurality of patients:
retrieving a respective plurality of clinician selection characteristics and a respective temporal sequence of two or more health assessments, each health assessment tracking a plurality of health status conditions and a respective treating clinician;
forming a respective feature vector comprising the respective clinician selection characteristics, indicators for a plurality of health characteristics determined from the health status conditions, a computed health status change according to the temporal sequence of two or more health assessments, and an identifier of the respective treating clinician;
using the feature vectors to train a model that correlates sets of clinician selection characteristics and health characteristics to optimal treating clinicians; and storing the trained model in a database for subsequent use in matching new patients to treating clinicians. 19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein:
the plurality of patients are mental health patients; the plurality of health status conditions are mental health status conditions; and the health assessments are behavioral health assessments. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 18, further comprising, for each of the health assessments, computing a respective composite health score, wherein:
the health status change for each patient is computed based on two or more of the composite health scores for a respective patient. | A method builds models for matching patients to clinicians. For each of a plurality of patients, the method retrieves a plurality of clinician selection characteristics and a temporal sequence of two or more health assessments. Each health assessment tracks a plurality of health status conditions and a treating clinician. The method then forms a respective feature vector that includes the clinician selection characteristics, indicators for health characteristics, a computed health status change according to the temporal sequence of two or more health assessments, and an identifier of the treating clinician. The method uses the feature vectors to train a model that correlates sets of clinician selection characteristics and health characteristics to optimal treating clinicians. The method then stores the trained model in a database for subsequent use in matching new patients to treating clinicians.1. A method for building a model for matching patients to clinicians, performed at a computing device having one or more processors and memory storing one or more programs configured for execution by the one or more processors:
for each of a plurality of patients:
retrieving a respective plurality of clinician selection characteristics and a respective temporal sequence of two or more health assessments, each health assessment tracking a plurality of health status conditions and a respective treating clinician;
forming a respective feature vector comprising the respective clinician selection characteristics, indicators for a plurality of health characteristics determined from the health status conditions, a computed health status change according to the temporal sequence of two or more health assessments, and an identifier of the respective treating clinician;
using the feature vectors to train a model that correlates sets of clinician selection characteristics and health characteristics to optimal treating clinicians; and storing the trained model in a database for subsequent use in matching new patients to treating clinicians. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of patients are mental health patients; the plurality of health status conditions are mental health status conditions; and the health assessments are behavioral health assessments. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein each feature vector further comprises one or more physical health characteristics measured by tests other than the health assessments. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein each health assessment corresponds to a respective patient-clinician visit. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
for each of the health assessments, computing a respective composite health score, wherein each health status change is computed as a difference between composite health scores. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising, for each of the health assessments, computing a respective composite health score, wherein:
the health status change for each patient is computed based on two or more of the composite health scores for a respective patient. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
comparing the health status change for the respective patient to an expected treatment response trend. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the expected treatment response trend is calculated using hierarchical linear modeling based on normative data for patients having one or more clinician selection characteristics that match the clinician selection characteristics of the respective patient. 9. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
determining whether the health status change of the respective patient is statistically significant. 10. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
testing the trained model by comparing results of the trained model to at least a component of the composite score. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the health assessments further track one or more characteristics of interactions between patients and treating clinicians. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more characteristics measure symptoms known to be correlated with a set of preselected medical conditions. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
testing the trained model by comparing results of the trained model to one or more of: emergency room utilization records, hospital admissions records, and medical comorbidity code records. 14. A computer system for matching patients to clinicians, comprising:
one or more processors; memory; and one or more programs stored in the memory and configured for execution by the one or more processors, the one or more programs comprising instructions for:
for each of a plurality of patients:
retrieving a respective plurality of clinician selection characteristics and a respective temporal sequence of two or more health assessments, each health assessment tracking a plurality of health status conditions and a respective treating clinician;
forming a respective feature vector comprising the respective clinician selection characteristics, indicators for a plurality of health characteristics determined from the health status conditions, a computed health status change according to the temporal sequence of two or more health assessments, and an identifier of the respective treating clinician;
using the feature vectors to train a model that correlates sets of clinician selection characteristics and health characteristics to optimal treating clinicians; and
storing the trained model in a database for subsequent use in matching new patients to treating clinicians. 15. The computer system of claim 14, wherein:
the plurality of patients are mental health patients; the plurality of health status conditions are mental health status conditions; and the health assessments are behavioral health assessments. 16. The computer system of claim 14, wherein each health assessment corresponds to a respective patient-clinician visit. 17. The computer system of claim 14, further comprising:
for each of the health assessments, computing a respective composite health score, wherein the health status change for each patient is computed based on two or more of the composite health scores for a respective patient. 18. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs configured for execution by a computer system having one or more processors, memory, and a display, the one or more programs comprising instructions for:
for each of a plurality of patients:
retrieving a respective plurality of clinician selection characteristics and a respective temporal sequence of two or more health assessments, each health assessment tracking a plurality of health status conditions and a respective treating clinician;
forming a respective feature vector comprising the respective clinician selection characteristics, indicators for a plurality of health characteristics determined from the health status conditions, a computed health status change according to the temporal sequence of two or more health assessments, and an identifier of the respective treating clinician;
using the feature vectors to train a model that correlates sets of clinician selection characteristics and health characteristics to optimal treating clinicians; and storing the trained model in a database for subsequent use in matching new patients to treating clinicians. 19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein:
the plurality of patients are mental health patients; the plurality of health status conditions are mental health status conditions; and the health assessments are behavioral health assessments. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 18, further comprising, for each of the health assessments, computing a respective composite health score, wherein:
the health status change for each patient is computed based on two or more of the composite health scores for a respective patient. | 2,100 |
349,533 | 16,807,130 | 2,177 | The present disclosure provides an intelligent outdoor pet feeder, including an outer shell, a bottom shell, a water storage module, a control module, a water adding module, a biological sensing module, a water volume sensing module, and a power supply module. The water storage module is disposed inside the outer shell, the biological sensing module is disposed on the outer shell, the water adding module is disposed inside the outer shell, the control module is disposed inside the outer shell, and the water volume sensing module is disposed inside the water storage module. The intelligent outdoor pet feeder identifies the pet body by the biological sensing module, identifies a change of water volume inside the water storage device combining with the water volume sensing module, and further controls operation of adding water of the water adding module. | 1. An intelligent outdoor pet feeder, comprising an outer shell (2) and a bottom shell (4), wherein the outer shell (2) is disposed on the bottom shell (4); the intelligent outdoor pet feeder further comprises a water storage module, a control module, a water adding module electrically connected with the control module, a biological sensing module, a water volume sensing module, and a power supply module; wherein the water storage module is disposed inside the outer shell (2), the biological sensing module is disposed on the outer shell (2), the water adding module is disposed inside the outer shell (2), the control module is disposed inside the outer shell (2), and the water volume sensing module is disposed inside the water storage module; the control module is a control mainboard (5); the water volume sensing module comprises a tray (17), a spring (19), a first induction spring contact (15), a second induction spring contact (16), and a third induction spring contact (20); the first induction spring contact (15), the second induction spring contact (16), and the third induction spring contact (20) are electrically connected with the control mainboard (5); the first induction spring contact (15) and the second induction spring contact (16) are disposed on the tray (17), the tray (17) is fixedly connected with one end of the spring (19), and a through hole (18) is further formed on the tray (17); the third induction spring contact (20) is fixed on the water storage module, and an installation position of the through hole (18) matches with an installation position of the third induction spring contact (20). 2. The intelligent outdoor pet feeder according to claim 1, wherein the water storage module comprises an inner shell (3) and a water storage device (1) made of metal materials; the inner shell (3) is disposed inside the outer shell (2); and the water storage device (1) is placed inside the inner shell (3). 3. The intelligent outdoor pet feeder according to claim 2, wherein the water volume sensing module is disposed between the water storage device (1) and the inner shell (3); the tray (17) is disposed under the water storage device (1); the third induction spring contact (20) is fixed inside the inner shell (3); and another end of the spring (19) is fixedly connected with the inner shell (3). 4. The intelligent outdoor pet feeder according to claim 1, wherein the water adding module is disposed inside the outer shell (2), and the water adding module comprises a water adding assembly (9), a pipe joint (10) and a solenoid valve (11); the water adding assembly (9) comprises a connecting pipe (91) and a flow guiding flat pipe (92); one end of the pipe joint (10) is disposed on a feeding end of the solenoid valve (11), and another end of the pipe joint (10) passes through an installing hole (8) disposed on the outer shell (2); a discharging end of the solenoid valve (11) is connected with one end of the connecting pipe (91), and another end of the connecting pipe (91) is connected with the flow guiding flat pipe (92); a discharging end of the flow guiding flat pipe is located above the water storage device (1). 5. The intelligent outdoor pet feeder according to claim 1, wherein the power supply module comprises a battery compartment (12), a battery support (13), a dry battery (14), a sealing ring (21), and a battery compartment cover (22); the battery compartment (12) is disposed on the bottom shell (4), the battery compartment (12) is electrically connected with the control mainboard (5), the dry battery (14) is disposed inside the battery compartment (12), and the battery support (13) configure to limit a position of the dry battery (14) is further disposed inside the batter compartment (12); the battery compartment cover (22) is buckled with the battery compartment (12), and the sealing ring is disposed on where the battery compartment cover (22) contacting the battery compartment (12). 6. The intelligent outdoor pet feeder according to claim 1, wherein the biological sensing module is an inductor (6), and the inductor (6) is an infrared heat source sensor. 7. The intelligent outdoor pet feeder according to claim 1, wherein an indicator light (7) is further disposed on a top of the outer shell (2), and the indicator light (7) is electrically connected with the control mainboard (5). | The present disclosure provides an intelligent outdoor pet feeder, including an outer shell, a bottom shell, a water storage module, a control module, a water adding module, a biological sensing module, a water volume sensing module, and a power supply module. The water storage module is disposed inside the outer shell, the biological sensing module is disposed on the outer shell, the water adding module is disposed inside the outer shell, the control module is disposed inside the outer shell, and the water volume sensing module is disposed inside the water storage module. The intelligent outdoor pet feeder identifies the pet body by the biological sensing module, identifies a change of water volume inside the water storage device combining with the water volume sensing module, and further controls operation of adding water of the water adding module.1. An intelligent outdoor pet feeder, comprising an outer shell (2) and a bottom shell (4), wherein the outer shell (2) is disposed on the bottom shell (4); the intelligent outdoor pet feeder further comprises a water storage module, a control module, a water adding module electrically connected with the control module, a biological sensing module, a water volume sensing module, and a power supply module; wherein the water storage module is disposed inside the outer shell (2), the biological sensing module is disposed on the outer shell (2), the water adding module is disposed inside the outer shell (2), the control module is disposed inside the outer shell (2), and the water volume sensing module is disposed inside the water storage module; the control module is a control mainboard (5); the water volume sensing module comprises a tray (17), a spring (19), a first induction spring contact (15), a second induction spring contact (16), and a third induction spring contact (20); the first induction spring contact (15), the second induction spring contact (16), and the third induction spring contact (20) are electrically connected with the control mainboard (5); the first induction spring contact (15) and the second induction spring contact (16) are disposed on the tray (17), the tray (17) is fixedly connected with one end of the spring (19), and a through hole (18) is further formed on the tray (17); the third induction spring contact (20) is fixed on the water storage module, and an installation position of the through hole (18) matches with an installation position of the third induction spring contact (20). 2. The intelligent outdoor pet feeder according to claim 1, wherein the water storage module comprises an inner shell (3) and a water storage device (1) made of metal materials; the inner shell (3) is disposed inside the outer shell (2); and the water storage device (1) is placed inside the inner shell (3). 3. The intelligent outdoor pet feeder according to claim 2, wherein the water volume sensing module is disposed between the water storage device (1) and the inner shell (3); the tray (17) is disposed under the water storage device (1); the third induction spring contact (20) is fixed inside the inner shell (3); and another end of the spring (19) is fixedly connected with the inner shell (3). 4. The intelligent outdoor pet feeder according to claim 1, wherein the water adding module is disposed inside the outer shell (2), and the water adding module comprises a water adding assembly (9), a pipe joint (10) and a solenoid valve (11); the water adding assembly (9) comprises a connecting pipe (91) and a flow guiding flat pipe (92); one end of the pipe joint (10) is disposed on a feeding end of the solenoid valve (11), and another end of the pipe joint (10) passes through an installing hole (8) disposed on the outer shell (2); a discharging end of the solenoid valve (11) is connected with one end of the connecting pipe (91), and another end of the connecting pipe (91) is connected with the flow guiding flat pipe (92); a discharging end of the flow guiding flat pipe is located above the water storage device (1). 5. The intelligent outdoor pet feeder according to claim 1, wherein the power supply module comprises a battery compartment (12), a battery support (13), a dry battery (14), a sealing ring (21), and a battery compartment cover (22); the battery compartment (12) is disposed on the bottom shell (4), the battery compartment (12) is electrically connected with the control mainboard (5), the dry battery (14) is disposed inside the battery compartment (12), and the battery support (13) configure to limit a position of the dry battery (14) is further disposed inside the batter compartment (12); the battery compartment cover (22) is buckled with the battery compartment (12), and the sealing ring is disposed on where the battery compartment cover (22) contacting the battery compartment (12). 6. The intelligent outdoor pet feeder according to claim 1, wherein the biological sensing module is an inductor (6), and the inductor (6) is an infrared heat source sensor. 7. The intelligent outdoor pet feeder according to claim 1, wherein an indicator light (7) is further disposed on a top of the outer shell (2), and the indicator light (7) is electrically connected with the control mainboard (5). | 2,100 |
349,534 | 16,807,123 | 2,177 | In an embodiment, the disclosed technologies are capable of receiving, by a digital model, data representing a first text sequence in a first language; using the digital model, modifying the first text sequence to result in creating and digitally storing a second text sequence in the first language; and outputting, by the digital model, the second text sequence in the first language. The modifying may include any one or more of: deleting text from the first text sequence, adding text to the first text sequence, modifying text of the first text sequence, reordering text of the first text sequence, adding a digital markup to the first text sequence. The digital model may have been fine-tuned, after having been machine-learned, using a subset of values of model parameters associated with an encoding layer or an embedding layer or both the encoding layer and the embedding layer. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving under digital program control, by a digital model, electronic digital data representing a first text sequence in a first language; the digital model having been machine-learned using a first dataset that comprises a set of text sequences and, for a text sequence, a set of corresponding features, the set of corresponding features comprising a proficiency label and a native language label, and a second dataset that comprises a set of uncorrected text items and for an uncorrected text item, a corresponding corrected text item; the digital model comprising a plurality of artificial neural network layers and model parameters associated with the artificial neural network layers, a value of a particular model parameter indicative of a relationship between a native language label, a proficiency label, or a proficiency label-native language label combination, and a text sequence, and a corrected text item; the digital model having been fine-tuned, after having been machine-learned, using a subset of the values of the model parameters associated with an encoding layer or an embedding layer or both the encoding layer and the embedding layer; using the digital model, modifying the first text sequence to result in creating and digitally storing a second text sequence in the first language, the modifying comprising any one or more of: deleting text from the first text sequence; adding text to the first text sequence; modifying text of the first text sequence; reordering text of the first text sequence; adding a digital markup to the first text sequence; outputting, by the digital model, the second text sequence in the first language. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, from a graphical user interface, text input comprising the first text sequence, and outputting, to the graphical user interface, text output comprising the second text sequence. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising creating the first text sequence by segmenting the text input into at least two sub-word units. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising creating the set of text sequences, the set of uncorrected text items, and the corresponding corrected text items in the first language. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising creating the proficiency label using a stored digital value of a Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) proficiency level value. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising creating the native language label using a stored digital value that identifies a native language associated with a spoken text sequence of the set of text sequences. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising using, as the first language, a language comprising words usable for human-to-human communication. 8. A method for training a grammatical error correction model, the method comprising:
inputting, to a digital model, a first dataset that comprises a set of text sequences and, for a text sequence, a set of corresponding features, the set of corresponding features comprising a proficiency label and a native language label, and a second dataset that comprises a set of uncorrected text items and for an uncorrected text item, a corresponding corrected text item; the digital model comprising a plurality of artificial neural network layers and model parameters associated with the artificial neural network layers, a value of a model parameter indicative of a relationship between a native language label, a proficiency label, or a proficiency label-native language label combination, and a text sequence, and a corrected text item; and fine-tuning the digital model using a subset of the values of the model parameters associated with an encoding layer or an embedding layer or both the encoding layer and the embedding layer. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising creating a text sequence of the set of text sequences by segmenting text of the text sequence into at least two sub-word units. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising creating the digital model using a recurrent neural network. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising creating the digital model using an attention mechanism. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising creating the digital model using at least one long term short term memory (LSTM). 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising fine-tuning the digital model using a transfer learning method for neural networks. 14. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a digital model, an input text sequence in a first language; the digital model machine-learned using a first data set that comprises a set of uncorrected text sequences and for an uncorrected text sequence, a corresponding corrected text sequence, the set of uncorrected text sequences comprising at least one word produced by a person whose native language is different than the first language; values of model parameters associated with only a portion of the digital model fine-tuned after being machine-learned using the first data set, the portion of the digital model fine-tuned using a second data set that comprises a set of text sequences and, for a text sequence, a set of corresponding features comprising a proficiency label and a native language label, and outputting, by the digital model, an output text sequence in the first language, the output text sequence comprising the input text sequence modified by any one or more of: deleting text from the input text sequence; adding text to the input text sequence; modifying text of the input text sequence; reordering text of the input text sequence; adding a digital markup to the input text sequence. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising fine tuning only an encoding layer or only an embedding layer or only both the encoding layer and the embedding layer of the digital model. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising receiving, from a graphical user interface, text input comprising the input text sequence, and outputting, to the graphical user interface, text output comprising the output text sequence. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising creating the input text sequence by segmenting the text input into at least two sub-word units. 18. The method of claim 14, further comprising using, as the proficiency label, a digital value that corresponds to a Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) proficiency level. 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising using, as the native language label, a digital value that corresponds to a native language of a speaker associated with a text sequence of the set of text sequences. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising using, as the first language, a language that comprises words usable for human-to-human communication. | In an embodiment, the disclosed technologies are capable of receiving, by a digital model, data representing a first text sequence in a first language; using the digital model, modifying the first text sequence to result in creating and digitally storing a second text sequence in the first language; and outputting, by the digital model, the second text sequence in the first language. The modifying may include any one or more of: deleting text from the first text sequence, adding text to the first text sequence, modifying text of the first text sequence, reordering text of the first text sequence, adding a digital markup to the first text sequence. The digital model may have been fine-tuned, after having been machine-learned, using a subset of values of model parameters associated with an encoding layer or an embedding layer or both the encoding layer and the embedding layer.1. A method comprising:
receiving under digital program control, by a digital model, electronic digital data representing a first text sequence in a first language; the digital model having been machine-learned using a first dataset that comprises a set of text sequences and, for a text sequence, a set of corresponding features, the set of corresponding features comprising a proficiency label and a native language label, and a second dataset that comprises a set of uncorrected text items and for an uncorrected text item, a corresponding corrected text item; the digital model comprising a plurality of artificial neural network layers and model parameters associated with the artificial neural network layers, a value of a particular model parameter indicative of a relationship between a native language label, a proficiency label, or a proficiency label-native language label combination, and a text sequence, and a corrected text item; the digital model having been fine-tuned, after having been machine-learned, using a subset of the values of the model parameters associated with an encoding layer or an embedding layer or both the encoding layer and the embedding layer; using the digital model, modifying the first text sequence to result in creating and digitally storing a second text sequence in the first language, the modifying comprising any one or more of: deleting text from the first text sequence; adding text to the first text sequence; modifying text of the first text sequence; reordering text of the first text sequence; adding a digital markup to the first text sequence; outputting, by the digital model, the second text sequence in the first language. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, from a graphical user interface, text input comprising the first text sequence, and outputting, to the graphical user interface, text output comprising the second text sequence. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising creating the first text sequence by segmenting the text input into at least two sub-word units. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising creating the set of text sequences, the set of uncorrected text items, and the corresponding corrected text items in the first language. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising creating the proficiency label using a stored digital value of a Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) proficiency level value. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising creating the native language label using a stored digital value that identifies a native language associated with a spoken text sequence of the set of text sequences. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising using, as the first language, a language comprising words usable for human-to-human communication. 8. A method for training a grammatical error correction model, the method comprising:
inputting, to a digital model, a first dataset that comprises a set of text sequences and, for a text sequence, a set of corresponding features, the set of corresponding features comprising a proficiency label and a native language label, and a second dataset that comprises a set of uncorrected text items and for an uncorrected text item, a corresponding corrected text item; the digital model comprising a plurality of artificial neural network layers and model parameters associated with the artificial neural network layers, a value of a model parameter indicative of a relationship between a native language label, a proficiency label, or a proficiency label-native language label combination, and a text sequence, and a corrected text item; and fine-tuning the digital model using a subset of the values of the model parameters associated with an encoding layer or an embedding layer or both the encoding layer and the embedding layer. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising creating a text sequence of the set of text sequences by segmenting text of the text sequence into at least two sub-word units. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising creating the digital model using a recurrent neural network. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising creating the digital model using an attention mechanism. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising creating the digital model using at least one long term short term memory (LSTM). 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising fine-tuning the digital model using a transfer learning method for neural networks. 14. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a digital model, an input text sequence in a first language; the digital model machine-learned using a first data set that comprises a set of uncorrected text sequences and for an uncorrected text sequence, a corresponding corrected text sequence, the set of uncorrected text sequences comprising at least one word produced by a person whose native language is different than the first language; values of model parameters associated with only a portion of the digital model fine-tuned after being machine-learned using the first data set, the portion of the digital model fine-tuned using a second data set that comprises a set of text sequences and, for a text sequence, a set of corresponding features comprising a proficiency label and a native language label, and outputting, by the digital model, an output text sequence in the first language, the output text sequence comprising the input text sequence modified by any one or more of: deleting text from the input text sequence; adding text to the input text sequence; modifying text of the input text sequence; reordering text of the input text sequence; adding a digital markup to the input text sequence. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising fine tuning only an encoding layer or only an embedding layer or only both the encoding layer and the embedding layer of the digital model. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising receiving, from a graphical user interface, text input comprising the input text sequence, and outputting, to the graphical user interface, text output comprising the output text sequence. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising creating the input text sequence by segmenting the text input into at least two sub-word units. 18. The method of claim 14, further comprising using, as the proficiency label, a digital value that corresponds to a Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) proficiency level. 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising using, as the native language label, a digital value that corresponds to a native language of a speaker associated with a text sequence of the set of text sequences. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising using, as the first language, a language that comprises words usable for human-to-human communication. | 2,100 |
349,535 | 16,807,091 | 2,177 | A system is provided for storage and reconstitution of IV solutions. The system may include one or more storage and reconstitution devices each configured to store and manipulate IV solution containers containing IV solutions in crystalline form that include hydration chemicals and therapeutic drugs. Crystalline hydration chemicals may include crystalline salts and sugars. The containers may be dimensionally precise enough for mechanical manipulation and configured such that sharp objects such as needles are not needed for fluid delivery to or from the container. Each storage and reconstitution device may store stacked containers and may include components for retrieval of a container from the storage and for reconstitution of the contents therein using a sterile water source within the device. IV doses may be manufactured, under appropriate standards, that can be mechanically reconstituted to produce high-quality doses in real time on the patient care unit or in the pharmacy. | 1. A storage and reconstitution device, comprising:
a storage region configured to store a stack of machine-manipulable containers, each container including at least one crystalline hydration chemical; a sterile fluid reservoir; and robotic components configured to:
move at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers from the storage region to a connector fluidly coupled to the sterile fluid reservoir,
add sterile fluid from the sterile fluid reservoir to the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers,
agitate the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers,
verify reconstitution of the at least one crystalline hydration chemical within the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers,
label the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers, and
store tracking information for the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers. 2. The storage and reconstitution device of claim 1, wherein each container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers includes a housing comprising a rigid portion and an expandable sealing membrane attached to the rigid portion to form a storage cavity therebetween for the least one crystalline hydration chemical and, wherein one or more container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers includes at least one crystalline therapeutic drug in the storage cavity thereof. 3. The storage and reconstitution device of claim 2, wherein the rigid portion of the housing of each container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers includes at least one feature engaged with a corresponding feature of an additional one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers. 4. The storage and reconstitution device of claim 1, wherein the robotic components comprise a robotic arm configured to move the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers from the storage region to a connector fluidly coupled to the sterile fluid reservoir. 5. The storage and reconstitution device of claim 4, further comprising at least one pump configured to pump the sterile fluid from the sterile fluid reservoir to the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers. 6. The storage and reconstitution device of claim 5, wherein the robotic components further comprise an additional robotic arm configured to agitate the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers. 7. The storage and reconstitution device of claim 6, further comprising a labeler configured to generate the label on a rigid portion of the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers. 8. The storage and reconstitution device of claim 1, further comprising an optical component configured to verify reconstitution of the at least one crystalline hydration chemical within the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers. 9. The storage and reconstitution device of claim 8, wherein the optical component comprises a camera. 10. The storage and reconstitution device of claim 8, wherein the optical component comprises a laser verification device. 11. A system, comprising:
a first storage and reconstitution device at a first location; a second storage and reconstitution device at a second location, wherein each of the first and second storage and reconstitution devices comprises: a storage region configured to store a stack of machine-manipulable containers, each container including at least one crystalline hydration chemical and at least one crystalline therapeutic drug; a sterile fluid reservoir; and robotic components configured to:
move at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers from the storage region to a connector fluidly coupled to the sterile fluid reservoir,
add sterile fluid from the sterile fluid reservoir to the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers,
agitate the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers, and
verify reconstitution of the at least one crystalline hydration chemical and at least one crystalline therapeutic drug within the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers; and
a control system communicatively coupled via a network to the first and second storage and reconstitution devices and configured to push dose orders from clinicians to the first or second storage and reconstitution devices based at least in part on known contents of the stack of machine-manipulable containers stored therein. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the first location is a nursing station at a healthcare facility. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the second location is pharmacy. 14. The system of claim 13, further comprising a third storage and reconstitution device at a hazardous materials processing location. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the second location is a hazardous materials processing location. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the robotic components are further configured to:
label the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers, and store tracking information for the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein each container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers includes a housing comprising a rigid portion and an expandable sealing membrane attached to the rigid portion to form a storage cavity therebetween for the least one crystalline hydration chemical and, wherein one or more container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers includes at least one crystalline therapeutic drug in the storage cavity thereof. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the rigid portion of the housing of each container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers includes at least one feature engaged with a corresponding feature of an additional one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers. 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the robotic components comprise a robotic arm configured to move the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers from the storage region to a connector fluidly coupled to the sterile fluid reservoir. 20. The system of claim 19, further comprising at least one pump configured to pump the sterile fluid from the sterile fluid reservoir to the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers. | A system is provided for storage and reconstitution of IV solutions. The system may include one or more storage and reconstitution devices each configured to store and manipulate IV solution containers containing IV solutions in crystalline form that include hydration chemicals and therapeutic drugs. Crystalline hydration chemicals may include crystalline salts and sugars. The containers may be dimensionally precise enough for mechanical manipulation and configured such that sharp objects such as needles are not needed for fluid delivery to or from the container. Each storage and reconstitution device may store stacked containers and may include components for retrieval of a container from the storage and for reconstitution of the contents therein using a sterile water source within the device. IV doses may be manufactured, under appropriate standards, that can be mechanically reconstituted to produce high-quality doses in real time on the patient care unit or in the pharmacy.1. A storage and reconstitution device, comprising:
a storage region configured to store a stack of machine-manipulable containers, each container including at least one crystalline hydration chemical; a sterile fluid reservoir; and robotic components configured to:
move at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers from the storage region to a connector fluidly coupled to the sterile fluid reservoir,
add sterile fluid from the sterile fluid reservoir to the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers,
agitate the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers,
verify reconstitution of the at least one crystalline hydration chemical within the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers,
label the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers, and
store tracking information for the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers. 2. The storage and reconstitution device of claim 1, wherein each container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers includes a housing comprising a rigid portion and an expandable sealing membrane attached to the rigid portion to form a storage cavity therebetween for the least one crystalline hydration chemical and, wherein one or more container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers includes at least one crystalline therapeutic drug in the storage cavity thereof. 3. The storage and reconstitution device of claim 2, wherein the rigid portion of the housing of each container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers includes at least one feature engaged with a corresponding feature of an additional one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers. 4. The storage and reconstitution device of claim 1, wherein the robotic components comprise a robotic arm configured to move the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers from the storage region to a connector fluidly coupled to the sterile fluid reservoir. 5. The storage and reconstitution device of claim 4, further comprising at least one pump configured to pump the sterile fluid from the sterile fluid reservoir to the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers. 6. The storage and reconstitution device of claim 5, wherein the robotic components further comprise an additional robotic arm configured to agitate the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers. 7. The storage and reconstitution device of claim 6, further comprising a labeler configured to generate the label on a rigid portion of the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers. 8. The storage and reconstitution device of claim 1, further comprising an optical component configured to verify reconstitution of the at least one crystalline hydration chemical within the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers. 9. The storage and reconstitution device of claim 8, wherein the optical component comprises a camera. 10. The storage and reconstitution device of claim 8, wherein the optical component comprises a laser verification device. 11. A system, comprising:
a first storage and reconstitution device at a first location; a second storage and reconstitution device at a second location, wherein each of the first and second storage and reconstitution devices comprises: a storage region configured to store a stack of machine-manipulable containers, each container including at least one crystalline hydration chemical and at least one crystalline therapeutic drug; a sterile fluid reservoir; and robotic components configured to:
move at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers from the storage region to a connector fluidly coupled to the sterile fluid reservoir,
add sterile fluid from the sterile fluid reservoir to the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers,
agitate the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers, and
verify reconstitution of the at least one crystalline hydration chemical and at least one crystalline therapeutic drug within the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers; and
a control system communicatively coupled via a network to the first and second storage and reconstitution devices and configured to push dose orders from clinicians to the first or second storage and reconstitution devices based at least in part on known contents of the stack of machine-manipulable containers stored therein. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the first location is a nursing station at a healthcare facility. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the second location is pharmacy. 14. The system of claim 13, further comprising a third storage and reconstitution device at a hazardous materials processing location. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the second location is a hazardous materials processing location. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the robotic components are further configured to:
label the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers, and store tracking information for the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein each container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers includes a housing comprising a rigid portion and an expandable sealing membrane attached to the rigid portion to form a storage cavity therebetween for the least one crystalline hydration chemical and, wherein one or more container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers includes at least one crystalline therapeutic drug in the storage cavity thereof. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the rigid portion of the housing of each container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers includes at least one feature engaged with a corresponding feature of an additional one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers. 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the robotic components comprise a robotic arm configured to move the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers from the storage region to a connector fluidly coupled to the sterile fluid reservoir. 20. The system of claim 19, further comprising at least one pump configured to pump the sterile fluid from the sterile fluid reservoir to the at least one container of the stack of machine-manipulable containers. | 2,100 |
349,536 | 16,807,105 | 2,177 | A rechargeable battery using a solution of an aluminum salt as an electrolyte is disclosed, as well as methods of making the battery and methods of using the battery. | 1-29. (canceled) 30. A method of operating a secondary battery comprising (i) a first electrode, (ii) a second electrode, and (iii) an aqueous electrolyte disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the method comprising:
causing transport of a polyatomic ion comprising aluminum through the aqueous electrolyte between the first electrode and the second electrode. 31. The method of claim 30, comprising charging the battery by causing transport of the polyatomic ion comprising aluminum between the first electrode and the second electrode. 32. The method of claim 30, comprising discharging the battery by causing transport of the polyatomic ion comprising aluminum between the first electrode and the second electrode. 33. The method of claim 30, wherein the polyatomic ion comprises one or more hydroxyl groups. 34. The method of claim 30, wherein the polyatomic ion is Al(OH)4 1−. 35. The method of claim 30, wherein the aluminum in the polyatomic ion is multivalent. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the aluminum in the polyatomic ion has valence of 3+. 37. The method of claim 35, wherein the valence of the polyatomic ion during transport is less than the valence of the aluminum in the polyatomic ion. 38. The method of claim 35, wherein the polyatomic ion is monovalent during transport. 39. The method of claim 30, wherein the transport comprises reacting hydroxides in the electrolyte with aluminum in the first electrode or in the second electrode to form Al(OH)4 1−. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the reacting occurs during charge or discharge of the battery. 41. The method of claim 30, wherein the first electrode comprises a manganese oxide. 42. The method of claim 41, wherein the transport comprises intercalating the polyatomic ion comprising aluminum into the manganese oxide. 43. The method of claim 41, wherein the transport comprises deintercalating the polyatomic ion comprising aluminum from the manganese oxide. 44. The method of claim 41, wherein the manganese oxide is a lithium manganese oxide and the method further comprises causing transport of an ion comprising lithium through the aqueous electrolyte between the first electrode and the second electrode while the polyatomic ion comprising aluminum is transported between the first electrode and the second electrode. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein the lithium manganese oxide is an acid-treated lithium manganese oxide. 46. The method of claim 41, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 47. The method of claim 30, wherein the transport causes the battery to discharge, wherein a discharge reaction during the discharging is: Al(OH)4 1−→Al(OH)3+OH−+3e. 48. The method of claim 30, wherein the transport causes the battery to charge, wherein a charge reaction during the charging is: Al(OH)3+3e→Al3++3e. 49. The method of claim 30, wherein a porous separator physically separates the first electrode from the second electrode, the porous separator has an average pore size of 0.067 μm to 1.2 μm, and the polyatomic ion comprising aluminum transports through the porous separator during the transport. 50. The method of claim 30, wherein the aqueous electrolyte comprises an aluminum salt and a concentration of the aluminum salt in the electrolyte is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 51. The method of claim 50, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum nitrate. | A rechargeable battery using a solution of an aluminum salt as an electrolyte is disclosed, as well as methods of making the battery and methods of using the battery.1-29. (canceled) 30. A method of operating a secondary battery comprising (i) a first electrode, (ii) a second electrode, and (iii) an aqueous electrolyte disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the method comprising:
causing transport of a polyatomic ion comprising aluminum through the aqueous electrolyte between the first electrode and the second electrode. 31. The method of claim 30, comprising charging the battery by causing transport of the polyatomic ion comprising aluminum between the first electrode and the second electrode. 32. The method of claim 30, comprising discharging the battery by causing transport of the polyatomic ion comprising aluminum between the first electrode and the second electrode. 33. The method of claim 30, wherein the polyatomic ion comprises one or more hydroxyl groups. 34. The method of claim 30, wherein the polyatomic ion is Al(OH)4 1−. 35. The method of claim 30, wherein the aluminum in the polyatomic ion is multivalent. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the aluminum in the polyatomic ion has valence of 3+. 37. The method of claim 35, wherein the valence of the polyatomic ion during transport is less than the valence of the aluminum in the polyatomic ion. 38. The method of claim 35, wherein the polyatomic ion is monovalent during transport. 39. The method of claim 30, wherein the transport comprises reacting hydroxides in the electrolyte with aluminum in the first electrode or in the second electrode to form Al(OH)4 1−. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the reacting occurs during charge or discharge of the battery. 41. The method of claim 30, wherein the first electrode comprises a manganese oxide. 42. The method of claim 41, wherein the transport comprises intercalating the polyatomic ion comprising aluminum into the manganese oxide. 43. The method of claim 41, wherein the transport comprises deintercalating the polyatomic ion comprising aluminum from the manganese oxide. 44. The method of claim 41, wherein the manganese oxide is a lithium manganese oxide and the method further comprises causing transport of an ion comprising lithium through the aqueous electrolyte between the first electrode and the second electrode while the polyatomic ion comprising aluminum is transported between the first electrode and the second electrode. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein the lithium manganese oxide is an acid-treated lithium manganese oxide. 46. The method of claim 41, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 47. The method of claim 30, wherein the transport causes the battery to discharge, wherein a discharge reaction during the discharging is: Al(OH)4 1−→Al(OH)3+OH−+3e. 48. The method of claim 30, wherein the transport causes the battery to charge, wherein a charge reaction during the charging is: Al(OH)3+3e→Al3++3e. 49. The method of claim 30, wherein a porous separator physically separates the first electrode from the second electrode, the porous separator has an average pore size of 0.067 μm to 1.2 μm, and the polyatomic ion comprising aluminum transports through the porous separator during the transport. 50. The method of claim 30, wherein the aqueous electrolyte comprises an aluminum salt and a concentration of the aluminum salt in the electrolyte is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 51. The method of claim 50, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum nitrate. | 2,100 |
349,537 | 16,807,102 | 2,177 | This disclosure relates to a method of treating a proteinopathy in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a quinuclidine compound. The disclosure also relates to a method of reducing, reversing or preventing the accumulation of protein aggregates in tissue of a subject diagnosed as having a proteinopathy, or being at risk of developing a proteinopathy, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a quinuclidine compound. Also disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a quinuclidine compound for use in said methods. The proteinopathy may be a synucleinopathy or a tauopathy, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease or dementia with Lewy bodies. | 1. A method of treating a proteinopathy in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of formula (I), 2. The method of claim 1, wherein R1 is hydrogen; fluorine; or a methyl or ethyl group optionally substituted by a halogen, or a hydroxy, thio or amino group. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein R2 and R3 are each independently selected from methyl and ethyl groups, optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 4. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein R4 is selected from a halogen; and a C1-3-alkyl or C1-3-alkyloxy group, optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from a halogen and a C1-3-alkyloxy group. 5. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein R5 and R6 are both hydrogen. 6. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein R4 is fluorine or a 2-methoxyethoxy group, and R5 and R6 are hydrogen. 7. The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein R4 is in a position on the benzene ring para to the group A. 8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein A is benzyl, optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 groups independently selected from a halogen; and a hydroxy, thio, amino, nitro, oxo or methyl group. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the groups —C(R2R3)— and —(C6H2R4R5R6) are attached to group A in a 1,3- or a 1,4- relationship. 10. The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein A is a 5-membered heteroaryl group which contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N and S. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the groups —C(R2R3)— and —(C6H2R4R5R6) are attached to group A in a 1,3- relationship. 12. The method of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein said compound is a compound of formula (II), (III) or (IV), 13. The method of claim 12, wherein said compound is a compound of formula (V), 14. The method of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein said compound is a compound of formula (VI), (VII) or (VIII), 15. The method of claim 14, wherein said compound is a compound of formula (IX) or (XI), 16. The method of claim 15, wherein R4 is fluorine. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein said compound is selected from: quinuclidin-3-yl (2-(4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-quinuclidin-3-yl (2-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-4-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-quinuclidin-3-yl (2-(4′-(2-methoxyethoxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof. 18. The method of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein said proteinopathy is a tauopathy. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein said tauopathy is selected from Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Lewy Body Dementia, Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, dementia pugilistica, parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17, Lytico-Bodig disease, tangle predominant dementia, Argyrophilic grain disease, ganglioglioma, gangliocytoma, meningioangiomatosis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, lead encephalopathy, tuberous sclerosis, Hallervorden-Spatz disease, lipofuscinosis, corticobasal degeneration, frontotemporal dementia, frontotemporal lobar degeneration and Huntington's disease. 20. The method of claim 18 or 19, wherein said subject does not have protein aggregates comprising α-synuclein in their CNS (e.g. in neurons of the substantia nigra, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, frontal lobes and/or temporal lobes). 21. The method of claim 18, wherein said tauopathy is Parkinson's disease characterised by the presence of protein tau, but not α-synuclein, within protein aggregates in the CNS of said subject (e.g. in neurons of the substantia nigra, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, frontal lobes and/or temporal lobes). 22. The method of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein said proteinopathy is a synucleinopathy. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein said synucleinopathy is selected from Lewy Body Dementia, Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. 24. The method of any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein said method prevents, reduces or reverses the progression of dementia in the subject. 25. The method of any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein said subject is a mammal, e.g. a human. 26. The method of any one of claims 1 to 25, wherein said subject has been diagnosed as being at risk of developing said proteinopathy, and wherein the method prevents or delays the onset and/or development of the proteinopathy in the subject. 27. The method of any one of claims 1 to 26, wherein said compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, is administered by systemic administration, e.g. via a non-parenteral route. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein said compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, is administered orally. 29. A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17 for use in a method of treating a proteinopathy in a subject. 30. The compound for use according to claim 29, wherein said method of treating a proteinopathy is as defined in any one of claims 18 to 28. 31. Use of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17 in the manufacture of a medicament for use in a method of treating a proteinopathy in a subject. 32. The use of claim 31, wherein said method of treating a proteinopathy is as defined in any one of claims 18 to 28. 33. A method of reducing, reversing or preventing the accumulation of protein aggregates in tissue of a subject diagnosed as having a proteinopathy, or diagnosed as being at risk of developing a proteinopathy, wherein said protein aggregates comprise protein tau and/or α-synuclein, the method comprising administering to said subject an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein said protein aggregates are aggregates of protein tau and wherein said proteinopathy is a tauopathy. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein said tauopathy is selected from Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Lewy Body Dementia, Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, dementia pugilistica, parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17, Lytico-Bodig disease, tangle predominant dementia, Argyrophilic grain disease, ganglioglioma, gangliocytoma, meningioarigiomatosis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, lead encephalopathy, tuberous sclerosis. Hallervorden-Spatz disease, lipofuscinosis, corticobasal degeneration, frontotemporal dementia, frontotemporal lobar degeneration and Huntington's disease. 36. The method of any one of claims 33 to 35, wherein said subject does not have protein aggregates comprising α-synuclein in said tissue. 37. The method of claim 35 or 36, wherein said tauopathy is Parkinson's disease. 38. The method of claim 33, wherein said protein aggregates are aggregates of α-synuclein and wherein said proteinopathy is a synucleinopathy. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein said synucleinopathy is selected from Lewy Body Dementia, Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. 40. The method of any one of claims 33 to 39, wherein said method prevents, reduces or reverses the progression of dementia in the subject. 41. The method of any one of claims 33 to 40, wherein said tissue is a neuron of the substantia nigra, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, frontal lobes and/or temporal lobes of said subject. 42. The method of any one of claims 33 to 41, wherein said subject is a mammal, e.g. a human. 43. The method of any one of claims 33 to 42, wherein said compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, is administered by systemic administration, e.g. via a non-parenteral route. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein said compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, is administered orally. 45. A method of preventing, reducing or reversing loss of neural function in a subject diagnosed as having, or at risk of developing, a proteinopathy, the method comprising administering to said subject an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17. 46. The method of claim 45, wherein said proteinopathy is a tauopathy. 47. The method of claim 46, wherein said tauopathy is selected from Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Lewy Body Dementia, Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, dementia pugilistica, parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17, Lytico-Bodig disease, tangle predominant dementia, Argyrophilic grain disease, ganglioglioma, gangliocytoma, meningioangiomatosis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, lead encephalopathy, tuberous sclerosis, Hallervorden-Spatz disease, lipofuscinosis, corticobasal degeneration, frontotemporal dementia, frontotemporal lobar degeneration and Huntington's disease. 48. The method of any one of claims 45 to 47, wherein said subject does not have protein aggregates comprising α-synuclein in their CNS (e.g. in neurons of the substantia nigra, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, frontal lobes and/or temporal lobes). 49. The method of claim 47, wherein said tauopathy is Parkinson's disease characterised by the presence of protein tau, but not α-synuclein, within protein aggregates in the CNS of said subject (e.g. in neurons of the substantia nigra, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, frontal lobes and/or temporal lobes). 50. The method claim 45, wherein said proteinopathy is a synucleinopathy. 51. The method of claim 50, wherein said synucleinopathy is selected from Lewy Body Dementia, Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. 52. The method of any one of claims 45 to 51, wherein said method prevents, reduces or reverses the progression of dementia in the subject. 53. The method of any one of claims 45 to 52, wherein said subject is a mammal, e.g. a human. 54. The method of any one of claims 45 to 53, wherein said compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, is administered by systemic administration, e.g. via a non-parenteral route. 55. The method of claim 54, wherein said compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, is administered orally. 56. The method of any one of claims 45 to 55, wherein the loss of neural function comprises loss of cognitive function, autonomic function and/or motor function. 57. The method of claim 56, wherein the loss of neural function comprises loss of cognitive function. 58. The method of claim 57, wherein the method prevents, reduces or reverses deterioration in cognitive domains in the subject. 59. The method of claim 58, wherein the method prevents, reduces or reverses deterioration in attention and concentration, executive functions, memory (e.g. working memory), language, visuo-constructional skills, conceptual thinking, calculations, orientation, decision making and/or problem solving. 60. The method of any one of claims 56 to 59, wherein the loss of neural function comprises loss of autonomic function and the method prevents, reduces or reverses orthostatic hypotension, constipation, dysphagia, nausea, hypersalivation, hyperhydrosis and/or urinary and sexual dysfunction. 61. The method of any one of claims 56 to 60, wherein the loss of neural function comprises loss of motor function and the method prevents, reduces or reverses Parkinsonism. 62. The method of claim 61, wherein the method prevents, reduces or reverses motor dysfunction (e.g. tremor), bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability and/or impaired balance. 63. A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17 for use in a method of preventing, reducing or reversing loss of neural function in a subject as claimed in any one of claims 45 to 62. 64. Use of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17 in the manufacture of a medicament for use in a method of preventing, reducing or reversing loss of neural function in a subject as claimed in any one of claims 45 to 62. 65. A method of preventing, reducing or reversing the progression of dementia in a subject diagnosed as having, or at risk of developing, a proteinopathy, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17. 66. The method of claim 65, wherein the method prevents, reduces or reverses early symptoms of dementia (e.g. difficulty remembering recent conversations, names or events, and/or apathy and depression). 67. The method of claim 65 or 66, wherein the method prevents, reduces or reverses later symptoms of dementia impaired communication, poor judgment, disorientation, confusion, behavior changes and/or difficulty in speaking, swallowing and/or walking). 68. A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17 for use in a method of preventing, reducing or reversing the progression of dementia in a subject as claimed in any one of claims 65 to 67. 69. Use of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17 in the manufacture of a medicament for use in a method of preventing, reducing or reversing the progression of dementia in a subject as claimed in any one of claims 65 to 67. 70. A method of preventing, reducing or reversing mild cognitive impairment in a subject diagnosed as having, or at risk of developing, a proteinopathy, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17. 71. A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17 for use in a method of preventing, reducing or reversing mild cognitive impairment in a subject as claimed in claim 70. 72. Use of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17 in the manufacture of a medicament for use in a method of preventing, reducing or reversing mild cognitive impairment in a subject as claimed in claim 70. 73. A pharmaceutical dosage form comprising a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient,
wherein the dosage form is formulated to provide, when administered orally, an amount of said compound, salt or prodrug sufficient to prevent, reduce or reverse the accumulation of protein aggregates in tissue of a human subject diagnosed as having, or being at risk of developing, a proteinopathy. 74. The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 73, wherein said dosage form is formulated to provide, when administered orally, an amount of said compound, salt or prodrug sufficient to prevent, reduce or reverse the accumulation of protein tau-containing aggregates in tissue of a human subject diagnosed as having, or being at risk of developing, Parkinson's disease. 75. The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 73, wherein said dosage form is formulated to provide, when administered orally, an amount of said compound, salt or prodrug sufficient to prevent, reduce or reverse the accumulation of α-synuclein-containing aggregates in tissue of a human subject diagnosed as having, or being at risk of developing, Lewy Body Dementia. 76. The pharmaceutical dosage form of any one of claims 73 to 75, wherein said tissue is a neuron of the substantia nigra, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, frontal lobes and/or temporal lobes. 77. The pharmaceutical dosage form of any one of claims 73 to 76, wherein said dosage form comprises a further agent which is capable of treating or preventing said proteinopathy. 78. A pharmaceutical composition comprising: (i) a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17; (ii) a further agent which is capable of treating or preventing a proteinopathy; and (iii) a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 79. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 78, wherein said further agent is selected from a dopamine precursor (e.g. L-DOPA), a dopamine agonist (e.g. bromocriptine, cabergoline, pergolide, pramipexole or apomorphine), a MAO-B inhibitor (e.g. rasagiline or selegiline), an anticholinergic (e.g. orphenadrine, procyclidine or trihexyphenidyl), an enhancer of β-glucocerebrosidase activity ambroxol or afegostat) and amantadine. 80. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 78, wherein said further agent is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (e.g. tacrine, rivastigmine, galantamine, donepezil, or memantine). 81. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 78 to 80, wherein said proteinopathy is a tauopathy selected from Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Lewy Body Dementia, Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, dementia pugilistica, parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17, Lytico-Bodig disease, tangle predominant dementia, Argyrophilic grain disease, ganglioglioma, gangliocytoma, meningioangiomatosis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, lead encephalopathy, tuberous sclerosis, Hallervorden-Spatz disease, lipofuscinosis, corticobasal degeneration, frontotemporal dementia, frontotemporal lobar degeneration and Huntington's disease. 82. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 81, wherein said tauopathy is Parkinson's disease. 83. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 78 to 80, wherein said proteinopathy is a synucleinopathy selected from Lewy Body Dementia, Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. 84. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 78 to 83, wherein said composition is formulated for systemic administration, e.g. via a non-parenteral route. 85. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 84, wherein said composition is formulated for oral administration. 86. The pharmaceutical dosage form of any one of claims 73 to 77, or the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 78 to 85 for use in therapy. 87. The pharmaceutical dosage form of any one of claims 73 to 77, or the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 78 to 85, for use in a method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 72. | This disclosure relates to a method of treating a proteinopathy in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a quinuclidine compound. The disclosure also relates to a method of reducing, reversing or preventing the accumulation of protein aggregates in tissue of a subject diagnosed as having a proteinopathy, or being at risk of developing a proteinopathy, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a quinuclidine compound. Also disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a quinuclidine compound for use in said methods. The proteinopathy may be a synucleinopathy or a tauopathy, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease or dementia with Lewy bodies.1. A method of treating a proteinopathy in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of formula (I), 2. The method of claim 1, wherein R1 is hydrogen; fluorine; or a methyl or ethyl group optionally substituted by a halogen, or a hydroxy, thio or amino group. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein R2 and R3 are each independently selected from methyl and ethyl groups, optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 4. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein R4 is selected from a halogen; and a C1-3-alkyl or C1-3-alkyloxy group, optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from a halogen and a C1-3-alkyloxy group. 5. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein R5 and R6 are both hydrogen. 6. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein R4 is fluorine or a 2-methoxyethoxy group, and R5 and R6 are hydrogen. 7. The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein R4 is in a position on the benzene ring para to the group A. 8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein A is benzyl, optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 groups independently selected from a halogen; and a hydroxy, thio, amino, nitro, oxo or methyl group. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the groups —C(R2R3)— and —(C6H2R4R5R6) are attached to group A in a 1,3- or a 1,4- relationship. 10. The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein A is a 5-membered heteroaryl group which contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N and S. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the groups —C(R2R3)— and —(C6H2R4R5R6) are attached to group A in a 1,3- relationship. 12. The method of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein said compound is a compound of formula (II), (III) or (IV), 13. The method of claim 12, wherein said compound is a compound of formula (V), 14. The method of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein said compound is a compound of formula (VI), (VII) or (VIII), 15. The method of claim 14, wherein said compound is a compound of formula (IX) or (XI), 16. The method of claim 15, wherein R4 is fluorine. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein said compound is selected from: quinuclidin-3-yl (2-(4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-quinuclidin-3-yl (2-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-4-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-quinuclidin-3-yl (2-(4′-(2-methoxyethoxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof. 18. The method of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein said proteinopathy is a tauopathy. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein said tauopathy is selected from Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Lewy Body Dementia, Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, dementia pugilistica, parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17, Lytico-Bodig disease, tangle predominant dementia, Argyrophilic grain disease, ganglioglioma, gangliocytoma, meningioangiomatosis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, lead encephalopathy, tuberous sclerosis, Hallervorden-Spatz disease, lipofuscinosis, corticobasal degeneration, frontotemporal dementia, frontotemporal lobar degeneration and Huntington's disease. 20. The method of claim 18 or 19, wherein said subject does not have protein aggregates comprising α-synuclein in their CNS (e.g. in neurons of the substantia nigra, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, frontal lobes and/or temporal lobes). 21. The method of claim 18, wherein said tauopathy is Parkinson's disease characterised by the presence of protein tau, but not α-synuclein, within protein aggregates in the CNS of said subject (e.g. in neurons of the substantia nigra, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, frontal lobes and/or temporal lobes). 22. The method of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein said proteinopathy is a synucleinopathy. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein said synucleinopathy is selected from Lewy Body Dementia, Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. 24. The method of any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein said method prevents, reduces or reverses the progression of dementia in the subject. 25. The method of any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein said subject is a mammal, e.g. a human. 26. The method of any one of claims 1 to 25, wherein said subject has been diagnosed as being at risk of developing said proteinopathy, and wherein the method prevents or delays the onset and/or development of the proteinopathy in the subject. 27. The method of any one of claims 1 to 26, wherein said compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, is administered by systemic administration, e.g. via a non-parenteral route. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein said compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, is administered orally. 29. A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17 for use in a method of treating a proteinopathy in a subject. 30. The compound for use according to claim 29, wherein said method of treating a proteinopathy is as defined in any one of claims 18 to 28. 31. Use of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17 in the manufacture of a medicament for use in a method of treating a proteinopathy in a subject. 32. The use of claim 31, wherein said method of treating a proteinopathy is as defined in any one of claims 18 to 28. 33. A method of reducing, reversing or preventing the accumulation of protein aggregates in tissue of a subject diagnosed as having a proteinopathy, or diagnosed as being at risk of developing a proteinopathy, wherein said protein aggregates comprise protein tau and/or α-synuclein, the method comprising administering to said subject an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein said protein aggregates are aggregates of protein tau and wherein said proteinopathy is a tauopathy. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein said tauopathy is selected from Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Lewy Body Dementia, Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, dementia pugilistica, parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17, Lytico-Bodig disease, tangle predominant dementia, Argyrophilic grain disease, ganglioglioma, gangliocytoma, meningioarigiomatosis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, lead encephalopathy, tuberous sclerosis. Hallervorden-Spatz disease, lipofuscinosis, corticobasal degeneration, frontotemporal dementia, frontotemporal lobar degeneration and Huntington's disease. 36. The method of any one of claims 33 to 35, wherein said subject does not have protein aggregates comprising α-synuclein in said tissue. 37. The method of claim 35 or 36, wherein said tauopathy is Parkinson's disease. 38. The method of claim 33, wherein said protein aggregates are aggregates of α-synuclein and wherein said proteinopathy is a synucleinopathy. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein said synucleinopathy is selected from Lewy Body Dementia, Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. 40. The method of any one of claims 33 to 39, wherein said method prevents, reduces or reverses the progression of dementia in the subject. 41. The method of any one of claims 33 to 40, wherein said tissue is a neuron of the substantia nigra, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, frontal lobes and/or temporal lobes of said subject. 42. The method of any one of claims 33 to 41, wherein said subject is a mammal, e.g. a human. 43. The method of any one of claims 33 to 42, wherein said compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, is administered by systemic administration, e.g. via a non-parenteral route. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein said compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, is administered orally. 45. A method of preventing, reducing or reversing loss of neural function in a subject diagnosed as having, or at risk of developing, a proteinopathy, the method comprising administering to said subject an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17. 46. The method of claim 45, wherein said proteinopathy is a tauopathy. 47. The method of claim 46, wherein said tauopathy is selected from Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Lewy Body Dementia, Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, dementia pugilistica, parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17, Lytico-Bodig disease, tangle predominant dementia, Argyrophilic grain disease, ganglioglioma, gangliocytoma, meningioangiomatosis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, lead encephalopathy, tuberous sclerosis, Hallervorden-Spatz disease, lipofuscinosis, corticobasal degeneration, frontotemporal dementia, frontotemporal lobar degeneration and Huntington's disease. 48. The method of any one of claims 45 to 47, wherein said subject does not have protein aggregates comprising α-synuclein in their CNS (e.g. in neurons of the substantia nigra, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, frontal lobes and/or temporal lobes). 49. The method of claim 47, wherein said tauopathy is Parkinson's disease characterised by the presence of protein tau, but not α-synuclein, within protein aggregates in the CNS of said subject (e.g. in neurons of the substantia nigra, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, frontal lobes and/or temporal lobes). 50. The method claim 45, wherein said proteinopathy is a synucleinopathy. 51. The method of claim 50, wherein said synucleinopathy is selected from Lewy Body Dementia, Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. 52. The method of any one of claims 45 to 51, wherein said method prevents, reduces or reverses the progression of dementia in the subject. 53. The method of any one of claims 45 to 52, wherein said subject is a mammal, e.g. a human. 54. The method of any one of claims 45 to 53, wherein said compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, is administered by systemic administration, e.g. via a non-parenteral route. 55. The method of claim 54, wherein said compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, is administered orally. 56. The method of any one of claims 45 to 55, wherein the loss of neural function comprises loss of cognitive function, autonomic function and/or motor function. 57. The method of claim 56, wherein the loss of neural function comprises loss of cognitive function. 58. The method of claim 57, wherein the method prevents, reduces or reverses deterioration in cognitive domains in the subject. 59. The method of claim 58, wherein the method prevents, reduces or reverses deterioration in attention and concentration, executive functions, memory (e.g. working memory), language, visuo-constructional skills, conceptual thinking, calculations, orientation, decision making and/or problem solving. 60. The method of any one of claims 56 to 59, wherein the loss of neural function comprises loss of autonomic function and the method prevents, reduces or reverses orthostatic hypotension, constipation, dysphagia, nausea, hypersalivation, hyperhydrosis and/or urinary and sexual dysfunction. 61. The method of any one of claims 56 to 60, wherein the loss of neural function comprises loss of motor function and the method prevents, reduces or reverses Parkinsonism. 62. The method of claim 61, wherein the method prevents, reduces or reverses motor dysfunction (e.g. tremor), bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability and/or impaired balance. 63. A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17 for use in a method of preventing, reducing or reversing loss of neural function in a subject as claimed in any one of claims 45 to 62. 64. Use of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17 in the manufacture of a medicament for use in a method of preventing, reducing or reversing loss of neural function in a subject as claimed in any one of claims 45 to 62. 65. A method of preventing, reducing or reversing the progression of dementia in a subject diagnosed as having, or at risk of developing, a proteinopathy, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17. 66. The method of claim 65, wherein the method prevents, reduces or reverses early symptoms of dementia (e.g. difficulty remembering recent conversations, names or events, and/or apathy and depression). 67. The method of claim 65 or 66, wherein the method prevents, reduces or reverses later symptoms of dementia impaired communication, poor judgment, disorientation, confusion, behavior changes and/or difficulty in speaking, swallowing and/or walking). 68. A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17 for use in a method of preventing, reducing or reversing the progression of dementia in a subject as claimed in any one of claims 65 to 67. 69. Use of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17 in the manufacture of a medicament for use in a method of preventing, reducing or reversing the progression of dementia in a subject as claimed in any one of claims 65 to 67. 70. A method of preventing, reducing or reversing mild cognitive impairment in a subject diagnosed as having, or at risk of developing, a proteinopathy, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17. 71. A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17 for use in a method of preventing, reducing or reversing mild cognitive impairment in a subject as claimed in claim 70. 72. Use of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17 in the manufacture of a medicament for use in a method of preventing, reducing or reversing mild cognitive impairment in a subject as claimed in claim 70. 73. A pharmaceutical dosage form comprising a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient,
wherein the dosage form is formulated to provide, when administered orally, an amount of said compound, salt or prodrug sufficient to prevent, reduce or reverse the accumulation of protein aggregates in tissue of a human subject diagnosed as having, or being at risk of developing, a proteinopathy. 74. The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 73, wherein said dosage form is formulated to provide, when administered orally, an amount of said compound, salt or prodrug sufficient to prevent, reduce or reverse the accumulation of protein tau-containing aggregates in tissue of a human subject diagnosed as having, or being at risk of developing, Parkinson's disease. 75. The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 73, wherein said dosage form is formulated to provide, when administered orally, an amount of said compound, salt or prodrug sufficient to prevent, reduce or reverse the accumulation of α-synuclein-containing aggregates in tissue of a human subject diagnosed as having, or being at risk of developing, Lewy Body Dementia. 76. The pharmaceutical dosage form of any one of claims 73 to 75, wherein said tissue is a neuron of the substantia nigra, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, frontal lobes and/or temporal lobes. 77. The pharmaceutical dosage form of any one of claims 73 to 76, wherein said dosage form comprises a further agent which is capable of treating or preventing said proteinopathy. 78. A pharmaceutical composition comprising: (i) a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17; (ii) a further agent which is capable of treating or preventing a proteinopathy; and (iii) a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 79. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 78, wherein said further agent is selected from a dopamine precursor (e.g. L-DOPA), a dopamine agonist (e.g. bromocriptine, cabergoline, pergolide, pramipexole or apomorphine), a MAO-B inhibitor (e.g. rasagiline or selegiline), an anticholinergic (e.g. orphenadrine, procyclidine or trihexyphenidyl), an enhancer of β-glucocerebrosidase activity ambroxol or afegostat) and amantadine. 80. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 78, wherein said further agent is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (e.g. tacrine, rivastigmine, galantamine, donepezil, or memantine). 81. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 78 to 80, wherein said proteinopathy is a tauopathy selected from Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Lewy Body Dementia, Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, dementia pugilistica, parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17, Lytico-Bodig disease, tangle predominant dementia, Argyrophilic grain disease, ganglioglioma, gangliocytoma, meningioangiomatosis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, lead encephalopathy, tuberous sclerosis, Hallervorden-Spatz disease, lipofuscinosis, corticobasal degeneration, frontotemporal dementia, frontotemporal lobar degeneration and Huntington's disease. 82. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 81, wherein said tauopathy is Parkinson's disease. 83. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 78 to 80, wherein said proteinopathy is a synucleinopathy selected from Lewy Body Dementia, Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. 84. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 78 to 83, wherein said composition is formulated for systemic administration, e.g. via a non-parenteral route. 85. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 84, wherein said composition is formulated for oral administration. 86. The pharmaceutical dosage form of any one of claims 73 to 77, or the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 78 to 85 for use in therapy. 87. The pharmaceutical dosage form of any one of claims 73 to 77, or the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 78 to 85, for use in a method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 72. | 2,100 |
349,538 | 16,807,110 | 2,177 | A method for presenting content items includes receiving, by a user device, a request for a video item hosted by a content platform, and providing a graphical user interface comprising a first portion having a media player to playback the requested video item, a second portion to display additional content items, and a third portion displaying a list of the additional content items. The requested video item comprises a plurality of portions, each associated with a corresponding additional content item. The method further includes responsive to the media player beginning to playback a first portion of the requested video item, causing the second GUI portion to display a corresponding additional content item without an interaction of the user, and in response to a user selection of an additional content item in the third GUI portion, automatically updating playback of the video item to correspond to the selected additional content item. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving, by a user device of a user, a request for a video item hosted by a content platform; providing, by the user device, a graphical user interface (GUI) comprising a first GUI portion having a media player to playback the requested video item, a second GUI portion to display a plurality of additional content items, and a third GUI portion displaying a list of the plurality of additional content items, wherein the requested video item comprises a plurality of portions that are each associated with a corresponding additional content item, in response to the media player beginning to playback a first portion of the plurality of portions of the requested video item causing the second GUI portion to display a corresponding additional content item without an interaction of the user; and in response to a user selection of one of the plurality of additional content items listed in the third GUI portion, automatically updating playback of the video item to switch to a portion corresponding to the selected additional content item. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in response to a user selection of a second portion of the requested video item, causing the media player to begin playback of the second portion of the requested video item and causing the second GUI portion to concurrently display an additional content item corresponding to the second portion of the requested video item. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving action data indicative of a set of actions from the content platform, wherein each action from the set of actions is associated with a corresponding additional content item from the list of the plurality of additional content items and wherein each additional content item from the list of the plurality of additional content items is associated with a corresponding portion of the requested video item. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
causing, by the user device, one or more actions from the set of actions to be performed in at least one of the first GUI portion and the second GUI portion during the playback of the requested video item in the media player. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the one or more actions comprise at least one of displaying, starting playback, pausing playback, fast forwarding, or rewinding. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the set of actions were performed by a different user than the user of the device. 7. The method of claim 3 wherein the set of actions w ere performed with respect to at least one of the requested video item or any additional content item. 8. A system for a user device of a user comprising:
a memory; and a processing device, coupled to the memory, to:
receive a request for a video item hosted by a content platform;
provide a graphical user interface (GUI) comprising a first GUI portion having a media player to playback the requested video item, a second GUI portion to display a plurality of additional content items, and a third GUI portion displaying a list of the plurality of additional content items, wherein the requested video item comprises a plurality of portions that are each associated with a corresponding additional content item; in response to the media player beginning to playback a first portion of the plurality of portions of the requested video item, cause the second GUI portion to display a corresponding additional content item without an interaction of the user; and in response to a user selection of one of the plurality of additional content items listed in the third GUI portion, automatically update playback of the video item to switch to a portion corresponding to the selected additional content item. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the processing device is further to:
in response to a user selection of a second portion of the requested video item, cause the media player to begin playback of the second portion of the requested video item and cause the second GUI portion to concurrently display an additional content item corresponding to the second port ion of the requested video item. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the processing device is further to:
receive action data indicative of a set of actions from the content platform, wherein each action from the set of actions is associated with a corresponding additional content item from the list of the plurality of additional content items and wherein each additional content item from the list of the plurality of additional content items is associated with a corresponding portion of the requested video item. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the processing device is further to:
cause, by the user device, one or more actions from the set of actions to be performed in at least one of the first GUI portion and the second GUI portion during the playback of the requested video item in the media player. 12. The system of claim 11 wherein the one or more actions comprise at least one of displaying, starting playback, pausing playback, fast forwarding, or rewinding. 13. The system of claim 10 wherein the set of actions were performed by a different user than die user of the device. 14. The system of claim 10 w herein the set of actions were performed with respect to at least one of the requested video item or any additional content item. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions, which when executed by a processing device of a user device of a user, cause the processing device of the user device to perform a method comprising:
receiving, by a user device of a user, a request for a video item hosted by a content platform; providing, by the user device, a graphical user interface (GUI) comprising a first GUI portion having a media player to playback the requested video item, a second GUI portion to display a plurality of additional content items, and a third GUI portion displaying a list of the plurality of additional content items, wherein the requested video item comprises a plurality of portions that are each associated with a corresponding additional content item; in response to the media player beginning to playback a first portion of the plurality of portions of the requested video item, causing the second GUI portion to display a corresponding additional content item without an interaction of the user; and in response to a user selection of one of the plurality of additional content items listed in the third GUI portion, automatically updating playback of the video item to switch to a portion corresponding to the selected additional content item. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15 wherein the method further comprises:
in response to a user selection of a second portion of the requested video item, causing the media player to begin playback of the second portion of the requested video item and causing the second GUI portion to concurrently display an additional content item corresponding to the second portion of the requested video item. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15 wherein the method further comprises:
receiving action data indicative of a set of actions from the content platform, wherein each action from the set of actions is associated with a corresponding additional content item from the list of the plurality of additional content items and wherein each additional content item from the list of the plurality of additional content items is associated with a corresponding portion of the requested video item. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17 wherein the method further comprises:
causing, by the user device, one or more actions from the set of actions to be performed in at least one of the first GUI portion and the second GUI portion during the playback of the requested video item in the media player. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 18 wherein the one or more actions comprise at least one of displaying, starting playback, pausing playback, fast forwarding, or rewinding. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17 wherein the set of actions were performed by a different user than the user of the user device. | A method for presenting content items includes receiving, by a user device, a request for a video item hosted by a content platform, and providing a graphical user interface comprising a first portion having a media player to playback the requested video item, a second portion to display additional content items, and a third portion displaying a list of the additional content items. The requested video item comprises a plurality of portions, each associated with a corresponding additional content item. The method further includes responsive to the media player beginning to playback a first portion of the requested video item, causing the second GUI portion to display a corresponding additional content item without an interaction of the user, and in response to a user selection of an additional content item in the third GUI portion, automatically updating playback of the video item to correspond to the selected additional content item.1. A method comprising:
receiving, by a user device of a user, a request for a video item hosted by a content platform; providing, by the user device, a graphical user interface (GUI) comprising a first GUI portion having a media player to playback the requested video item, a second GUI portion to display a plurality of additional content items, and a third GUI portion displaying a list of the plurality of additional content items, wherein the requested video item comprises a plurality of portions that are each associated with a corresponding additional content item, in response to the media player beginning to playback a first portion of the plurality of portions of the requested video item causing the second GUI portion to display a corresponding additional content item without an interaction of the user; and in response to a user selection of one of the plurality of additional content items listed in the third GUI portion, automatically updating playback of the video item to switch to a portion corresponding to the selected additional content item. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in response to a user selection of a second portion of the requested video item, causing the media player to begin playback of the second portion of the requested video item and causing the second GUI portion to concurrently display an additional content item corresponding to the second portion of the requested video item. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving action data indicative of a set of actions from the content platform, wherein each action from the set of actions is associated with a corresponding additional content item from the list of the plurality of additional content items and wherein each additional content item from the list of the plurality of additional content items is associated with a corresponding portion of the requested video item. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
causing, by the user device, one or more actions from the set of actions to be performed in at least one of the first GUI portion and the second GUI portion during the playback of the requested video item in the media player. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the one or more actions comprise at least one of displaying, starting playback, pausing playback, fast forwarding, or rewinding. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the set of actions were performed by a different user than the user of the device. 7. The method of claim 3 wherein the set of actions w ere performed with respect to at least one of the requested video item or any additional content item. 8. A system for a user device of a user comprising:
a memory; and a processing device, coupled to the memory, to:
receive a request for a video item hosted by a content platform;
provide a graphical user interface (GUI) comprising a first GUI portion having a media player to playback the requested video item, a second GUI portion to display a plurality of additional content items, and a third GUI portion displaying a list of the plurality of additional content items, wherein the requested video item comprises a plurality of portions that are each associated with a corresponding additional content item; in response to the media player beginning to playback a first portion of the plurality of portions of the requested video item, cause the second GUI portion to display a corresponding additional content item without an interaction of the user; and in response to a user selection of one of the plurality of additional content items listed in the third GUI portion, automatically update playback of the video item to switch to a portion corresponding to the selected additional content item. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the processing device is further to:
in response to a user selection of a second portion of the requested video item, cause the media player to begin playback of the second portion of the requested video item and cause the second GUI portion to concurrently display an additional content item corresponding to the second port ion of the requested video item. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the processing device is further to:
receive action data indicative of a set of actions from the content platform, wherein each action from the set of actions is associated with a corresponding additional content item from the list of the plurality of additional content items and wherein each additional content item from the list of the plurality of additional content items is associated with a corresponding portion of the requested video item. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the processing device is further to:
cause, by the user device, one or more actions from the set of actions to be performed in at least one of the first GUI portion and the second GUI portion during the playback of the requested video item in the media player. 12. The system of claim 11 wherein the one or more actions comprise at least one of displaying, starting playback, pausing playback, fast forwarding, or rewinding. 13. The system of claim 10 wherein the set of actions were performed by a different user than die user of the device. 14. The system of claim 10 w herein the set of actions were performed with respect to at least one of the requested video item or any additional content item. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions, which when executed by a processing device of a user device of a user, cause the processing device of the user device to perform a method comprising:
receiving, by a user device of a user, a request for a video item hosted by a content platform; providing, by the user device, a graphical user interface (GUI) comprising a first GUI portion having a media player to playback the requested video item, a second GUI portion to display a plurality of additional content items, and a third GUI portion displaying a list of the plurality of additional content items, wherein the requested video item comprises a plurality of portions that are each associated with a corresponding additional content item; in response to the media player beginning to playback a first portion of the plurality of portions of the requested video item, causing the second GUI portion to display a corresponding additional content item without an interaction of the user; and in response to a user selection of one of the plurality of additional content items listed in the third GUI portion, automatically updating playback of the video item to switch to a portion corresponding to the selected additional content item. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15 wherein the method further comprises:
in response to a user selection of a second portion of the requested video item, causing the media player to begin playback of the second portion of the requested video item and causing the second GUI portion to concurrently display an additional content item corresponding to the second portion of the requested video item. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15 wherein the method further comprises:
receiving action data indicative of a set of actions from the content platform, wherein each action from the set of actions is associated with a corresponding additional content item from the list of the plurality of additional content items and wherein each additional content item from the list of the plurality of additional content items is associated with a corresponding portion of the requested video item. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17 wherein the method further comprises:
causing, by the user device, one or more actions from the set of actions to be performed in at least one of the first GUI portion and the second GUI portion during the playback of the requested video item in the media player. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 18 wherein the one or more actions comprise at least one of displaying, starting playback, pausing playback, fast forwarding, or rewinding. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17 wherein the set of actions were performed by a different user than the user of the user device. | 2,100 |
349,539 | 16,807,139 | 2,616 | The present invention relates to a medical image processing apparatus and a medical image processing method for a medical navigation device, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for processing an image provided when using the medical navigation device. To this end, the present invention provides a medical image processing apparatus for a medical navigation device, including: a position tracking unit configured to obtain position information of the medical navigation device within an object; a memory configured to store medical image data generated based on a medical image of the object; and a processor configured to set a region of interest (ROI) based on position information of the medical navigation device in reference to the medical image data, and generate partial medical image data corresponding to the ROI, and a medical image processing method using the same. | 1. A medical image processing apparatus for a medical navigation device, comprising:
a position tracking unit configured to obtain position information of the medical navigation device within an object; a memory configured to store medical image data generated based on a medical image of the object; and a processor configured to set a region of interest (ROI) based on position information of the medical navigation device in reference to the medical image data, and generate partial medical image data corresponding to the ROI. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the ROI is set based on an area within a preset distance from a position of the medical navigation device in reference to at least one of a horizontal plane, a sagittal plane, and a coronal plane of the medical image data. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the preset distance in reference to each of the horizontal plane, the sagittal plane, and the coronal plane is determined by a user input. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the partial medical image data is generated by rendering voxels in the ROI having a value within a pre-defined Hounsfield Unit (HU) range. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the pre-defined HU range is determined based on a CT value of a specific tissue of the object. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the specific tissue is determined by a selection of a user. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the partial medical image data is generated by rendering voxels in the ROI with a light from a virtual light source at a predetermined point based on a position of the medical navigation device. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein each pixel value I(S0, Sn) of the partial medical image data is determined based on the following equation. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the Kref is determined based on the following equation.
K ref=max(G(x)*V p0→x,0) Herein, G (x) is a gradient vector at voxel x, and Vp0->x is a direction vector from a position P0 of the virtual light source to voxel x. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the medical image data is set of voxels generated using the medical image of the object, and the partial medical image data is volume rendering data obtained by applying ray casting on voxels in the ROI. 11. A medical image processing method for a medical navigation device, comprising:
obtaining position information of the medical navigation device within an object; storing medical image data generated based on a medical image of the object; setting a region of interest (ROI) based on position information of the medical navigation device in reference to the medical image data; and generating partial medical image data corresponding to the ROI. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the ROI is set based on an area within a preset distance from a position of the medical navigation device in reference to at least one of a horizontal plane, a sagittal plane, and a coronal plane of the medical image data. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the preset distance in reference to each of the horizontal plane, the sagittal plane, and the coronal plane is determined by a user input. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the partial medical image data is generated by rendering voxels in the ROI having a value within a pre-defined Hounsfield Unit (HU) range. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the pre-defined HU range is determined based on a CT value of a specific tissue of the object. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the specific tissue is determined by a selection of a user. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the partial medical image data is generated by rendering voxels in the ROI with a light from a virtual light source at a predetermined point based on a position of the medical navigation device. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein each pixel value I(S0, Sn) of the partial medical image data is determined based on the following equation. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the Kref is determined based on the following equation.
K ref=max(G(x)*V p0→x,0) Herein, G (x) is a gradient vector at voxel x, and Vp0->x is a direction vector from a position P0 of the virtual light source to voxel x. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the medical image data is set of voxels generated using the medical image of the object, and the partial medical image data is volume rendering data obtained by applying ray casting on voxels in the ROI. | The present invention relates to a medical image processing apparatus and a medical image processing method for a medical navigation device, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for processing an image provided when using the medical navigation device. To this end, the present invention provides a medical image processing apparatus for a medical navigation device, including: a position tracking unit configured to obtain position information of the medical navigation device within an object; a memory configured to store medical image data generated based on a medical image of the object; and a processor configured to set a region of interest (ROI) based on position information of the medical navigation device in reference to the medical image data, and generate partial medical image data corresponding to the ROI, and a medical image processing method using the same.1. A medical image processing apparatus for a medical navigation device, comprising:
a position tracking unit configured to obtain position information of the medical navigation device within an object; a memory configured to store medical image data generated based on a medical image of the object; and a processor configured to set a region of interest (ROI) based on position information of the medical navigation device in reference to the medical image data, and generate partial medical image data corresponding to the ROI. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the ROI is set based on an area within a preset distance from a position of the medical navigation device in reference to at least one of a horizontal plane, a sagittal plane, and a coronal plane of the medical image data. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the preset distance in reference to each of the horizontal plane, the sagittal plane, and the coronal plane is determined by a user input. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the partial medical image data is generated by rendering voxels in the ROI having a value within a pre-defined Hounsfield Unit (HU) range. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the pre-defined HU range is determined based on a CT value of a specific tissue of the object. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the specific tissue is determined by a selection of a user. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the partial medical image data is generated by rendering voxels in the ROI with a light from a virtual light source at a predetermined point based on a position of the medical navigation device. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein each pixel value I(S0, Sn) of the partial medical image data is determined based on the following equation. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the Kref is determined based on the following equation.
K ref=max(G(x)*V p0→x,0) Herein, G (x) is a gradient vector at voxel x, and Vp0->x is a direction vector from a position P0 of the virtual light source to voxel x. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the medical image data is set of voxels generated using the medical image of the object, and the partial medical image data is volume rendering data obtained by applying ray casting on voxels in the ROI. 11. A medical image processing method for a medical navigation device, comprising:
obtaining position information of the medical navigation device within an object; storing medical image data generated based on a medical image of the object; setting a region of interest (ROI) based on position information of the medical navigation device in reference to the medical image data; and generating partial medical image data corresponding to the ROI. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the ROI is set based on an area within a preset distance from a position of the medical navigation device in reference to at least one of a horizontal plane, a sagittal plane, and a coronal plane of the medical image data. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the preset distance in reference to each of the horizontal plane, the sagittal plane, and the coronal plane is determined by a user input. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the partial medical image data is generated by rendering voxels in the ROI having a value within a pre-defined Hounsfield Unit (HU) range. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the pre-defined HU range is determined based on a CT value of a specific tissue of the object. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the specific tissue is determined by a selection of a user. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the partial medical image data is generated by rendering voxels in the ROI with a light from a virtual light source at a predetermined point based on a position of the medical navigation device. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein each pixel value I(S0, Sn) of the partial medical image data is determined based on the following equation. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the Kref is determined based on the following equation.
K ref=max(G(x)*V p0→x,0) Herein, G (x) is a gradient vector at voxel x, and Vp0->x is a direction vector from a position P0 of the virtual light source to voxel x. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the medical image data is set of voxels generated using the medical image of the object, and the partial medical image data is volume rendering data obtained by applying ray casting on voxels in the ROI. | 2,600 |
349,540 | 16,807,111 | 2,616 | Generally, the described techniques provide for a device determining or receiving signaling including a packet delivery time window configuration that indicates delivery windows within which transmissions may be held and/or delivery opportunities within which communications are expected to be transmitted. For example, the device may identify a packet delivery time window configuration for communications with another device. The packet delivery window configuration may indicate a periodicity, offset, start time, end time, and/or duration of the delivery windows, among other information. Based on the identified packet delivery time window configuration, the device may delay transmission of the data packet (e.g., for the duration of one or more configured delivery windows). At, for example, the end of the respective delivery window, the device may deliver the data packet to a network device for which the information of the data packet is to be used. | 1. A method for wireless communications, comprising:
identifying a packet delivery time window configuration for communications of a traffic type; receiving, before a delivery opportunity that is based at least in part on the packet delivery time window configuration, a data packet of the traffic type; delaying transmission of the data packet based at least in part on the packet delivery time window configuration and receiving the data packet before the delivery opportunity; and transmitting, after delaying transmission and based at least in part on the delivery opportunity, the data packet to a network device. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a delay budget associated with communications of the traffic type; and determining the delivery opportunity based at least in part on the delay budget, wherein transmitting the data packet is based at least in part on determining the delivery opportunity. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the delay budget is based at least in part on a quality of service parameter. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
determining a delivery time window for communications of the traffic type based at least in part on the delay budget, wherein transmitting the data packet is based at least in part on the delivery time window. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein transmitting the data packet comprises transmitting the data packet before to the delivery opportunity. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the data packet comprises:
transmitting the data packet within a time interval of the delivery opportunity. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein transmitting the data packet comprises:
transmitting the data packet within a delivery window of a set of delivery windows associated with communications of the traffic type. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein transmitting the data packet comprises:
transmitting the data packet during an end portion of a delivery window based at least in part on the packet delivery time window configuration. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein delaying transmission of the data packet comprises:
buffering the data packet before transmission based at least in part on the receiving the data packet before the delivery opportunity. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein buffering the data packet comprises:
storing the data packet in a buffer for a holding time until the delivery opportunity. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein delaying transmission of the data packet comprises:
a user plane function buffering the data packet before transmission based at least in part on the receiving the data packet before the delivery opportunity. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining the delivery opportunity based at least in part on a packet arrival time associated with the network device and a delay budget for communications of the traffic type, wherein transmitting the data packet is based at least in part on determining the delivery opportunity. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the packet delivery time window configuration is based at least in part on a time sensitive networking system. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the network device operates in a time sensitive networking system and the communications of the traffic type are in the time sensitive networking system. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a delivery time window based at least in part on the packet delivery time window configuration, wherein transmitting the data packet is based at least in part on the delivery time window. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
determining a time interval associated with the delivery opportunity based at least in part on an end time of the delivery time window, wherein transmitting the data packet comprises; and transmitting the data packet during the time interval. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the packet delivery time window configuration indicates a periodicity of the delivery time window, a start time of the delivery time window, an end time of the delivery time window, an offset of the delivery time window relative to a time, or a duration of the delivery time window, or any combination thereof. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the data packet comprises:
receiving the data packet within a delivery time window. 19. An apparatus for wireless communications, comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
identify a packet delivery time window configuration for communications of a traffic type;
receive, before a delivery opportunity that is based at least in part on the packet delivery time window configuration, a data packet of the traffic type;
delay transmission of the data packet based at least in part on the packet delivery time window configuration and receiving the data packet before the delivery opportunity; and
transmit, after delaying transmission and based at least in part on the delivery opportunity, the data packet to a network device. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
determine a delay budget associated with communications of the traffic type; and determine the delivery opportunity based at least in part on the delay budget, wherein transmitting the data packet is based at least in part on determining the delivery opportunity. 21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the delay budget is based at least in part on a quality of service parameter. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
determine a delivery time window for communications of the traffic type based at least in part on the delay budget, wherein transmitting the data packet is based at least in part on the delivery time window. 23. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein transmitting the data packet comprises transmitting the data packet before to the delivery opportunity. 24. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
transmit the data packet within a time interval of the delivery opportunity. 25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
transmit the data packet within a delivery window of a set of delivery windows associated with communications of the traffic type. 26. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
transmit the data packet during an end portion of a delivery window based at least in part on the packet delivery time window configuration. 27. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
buffer the data packet before transmission based at least in part on the receiving the data packet before the delivery opportunity. 28. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the network device operates in a time sensitive networking system and the communications of the traffic type are in the time sensitive networking system. 29. An apparatus for wireless communications, comprising:
means for identifying a packet delivery time window configuration for communications of a traffic type; means for receiving, before a delivery opportunity that is based at least in part on the packet delivery time window configuration, a data packet of the traffic type; means for delaying transmission of the data packet based at least in part on the packet delivery time window configuration and receiving the data packet before the delivery opportunity; and means for transmitting, after delaying transmission and based at least in part on the delivery opportunity, the data packet to a network device. 30. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to:
identify a packet delivery time window configuration for communications of a traffic type; receive, before a delivery opportunity that is based at least in part on the packet delivery time window configuration, a data packet of the traffic type; delay transmission of the data packet based at least in part on the packet delivery time window configuration and receiving the data packet before the delivery opportunity; and transmit, after delaying transmission and based at least in part on the delivery opportunity, the data packet to a network device. | Generally, the described techniques provide for a device determining or receiving signaling including a packet delivery time window configuration that indicates delivery windows within which transmissions may be held and/or delivery opportunities within which communications are expected to be transmitted. For example, the device may identify a packet delivery time window configuration for communications with another device. The packet delivery window configuration may indicate a periodicity, offset, start time, end time, and/or duration of the delivery windows, among other information. Based on the identified packet delivery time window configuration, the device may delay transmission of the data packet (e.g., for the duration of one or more configured delivery windows). At, for example, the end of the respective delivery window, the device may deliver the data packet to a network device for which the information of the data packet is to be used.1. A method for wireless communications, comprising:
identifying a packet delivery time window configuration for communications of a traffic type; receiving, before a delivery opportunity that is based at least in part on the packet delivery time window configuration, a data packet of the traffic type; delaying transmission of the data packet based at least in part on the packet delivery time window configuration and receiving the data packet before the delivery opportunity; and transmitting, after delaying transmission and based at least in part on the delivery opportunity, the data packet to a network device. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a delay budget associated with communications of the traffic type; and determining the delivery opportunity based at least in part on the delay budget, wherein transmitting the data packet is based at least in part on determining the delivery opportunity. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the delay budget is based at least in part on a quality of service parameter. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
determining a delivery time window for communications of the traffic type based at least in part on the delay budget, wherein transmitting the data packet is based at least in part on the delivery time window. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein transmitting the data packet comprises transmitting the data packet before to the delivery opportunity. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the data packet comprises:
transmitting the data packet within a time interval of the delivery opportunity. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein transmitting the data packet comprises:
transmitting the data packet within a delivery window of a set of delivery windows associated with communications of the traffic type. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein transmitting the data packet comprises:
transmitting the data packet during an end portion of a delivery window based at least in part on the packet delivery time window configuration. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein delaying transmission of the data packet comprises:
buffering the data packet before transmission based at least in part on the receiving the data packet before the delivery opportunity. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein buffering the data packet comprises:
storing the data packet in a buffer for a holding time until the delivery opportunity. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein delaying transmission of the data packet comprises:
a user plane function buffering the data packet before transmission based at least in part on the receiving the data packet before the delivery opportunity. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining the delivery opportunity based at least in part on a packet arrival time associated with the network device and a delay budget for communications of the traffic type, wherein transmitting the data packet is based at least in part on determining the delivery opportunity. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the packet delivery time window configuration is based at least in part on a time sensitive networking system. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the network device operates in a time sensitive networking system and the communications of the traffic type are in the time sensitive networking system. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a delivery time window based at least in part on the packet delivery time window configuration, wherein transmitting the data packet is based at least in part on the delivery time window. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
determining a time interval associated with the delivery opportunity based at least in part on an end time of the delivery time window, wherein transmitting the data packet comprises; and transmitting the data packet during the time interval. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the packet delivery time window configuration indicates a periodicity of the delivery time window, a start time of the delivery time window, an end time of the delivery time window, an offset of the delivery time window relative to a time, or a duration of the delivery time window, or any combination thereof. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the data packet comprises:
receiving the data packet within a delivery time window. 19. An apparatus for wireless communications, comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
identify a packet delivery time window configuration for communications of a traffic type;
receive, before a delivery opportunity that is based at least in part on the packet delivery time window configuration, a data packet of the traffic type;
delay transmission of the data packet based at least in part on the packet delivery time window configuration and receiving the data packet before the delivery opportunity; and
transmit, after delaying transmission and based at least in part on the delivery opportunity, the data packet to a network device. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
determine a delay budget associated with communications of the traffic type; and determine the delivery opportunity based at least in part on the delay budget, wherein transmitting the data packet is based at least in part on determining the delivery opportunity. 21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the delay budget is based at least in part on a quality of service parameter. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
determine a delivery time window for communications of the traffic type based at least in part on the delay budget, wherein transmitting the data packet is based at least in part on the delivery time window. 23. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein transmitting the data packet comprises transmitting the data packet before to the delivery opportunity. 24. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
transmit the data packet within a time interval of the delivery opportunity. 25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
transmit the data packet within a delivery window of a set of delivery windows associated with communications of the traffic type. 26. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
transmit the data packet during an end portion of a delivery window based at least in part on the packet delivery time window configuration. 27. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
buffer the data packet before transmission based at least in part on the receiving the data packet before the delivery opportunity. 28. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the network device operates in a time sensitive networking system and the communications of the traffic type are in the time sensitive networking system. 29. An apparatus for wireless communications, comprising:
means for identifying a packet delivery time window configuration for communications of a traffic type; means for receiving, before a delivery opportunity that is based at least in part on the packet delivery time window configuration, a data packet of the traffic type; means for delaying transmission of the data packet based at least in part on the packet delivery time window configuration and receiving the data packet before the delivery opportunity; and means for transmitting, after delaying transmission and based at least in part on the delivery opportunity, the data packet to a network device. 30. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to:
identify a packet delivery time window configuration for communications of a traffic type; receive, before a delivery opportunity that is based at least in part on the packet delivery time window configuration, a data packet of the traffic type; delay transmission of the data packet based at least in part on the packet delivery time window configuration and receiving the data packet before the delivery opportunity; and transmit, after delaying transmission and based at least in part on the delivery opportunity, the data packet to a network device. | 2,600 |
349,541 | 16,807,143 | 2,616 | A system and method for configuring components added to a network is disclosed. The method includes detecting, by a first hypervisor of a first host machine, that a second host machine having a second hypervisor is being added to a cluster of host machines comprising the first host machine, and identifying a plurality of network connections of the first hypervisor, each network connection being associated with one of a plurality of networks connecting hypervisors on host machines in the cluster, each network connection of the first hypervisor having a set of configuration settings. The method also includes generating, for each network connection, a message including a set of configuration settings of a corresponding network connection of the first hypervisor, and transmitting the message on a respective network to a second hypervisor to facilitate configuration of a corresponding network connection of the second hypervisor. | 1. A method comprising:
detecting, by a first hypervisor of a first host machine, that a second host machine is being added to a cluster of host machines comprising the first host machine, the second host machine having a second hypervisor; identifying, by a processing device executing the first hypervisor, a plurality of network connections of the first hypervisor, each network connection being associated with one of a plurality of networks connecting hypervisors on host machines in the cluster, each network connection of the first hypervisor having a set of configuration settings; generating, for each network connection, a message including a set of configuration settings of a corresponding network connection of the first hypervisor; and transmitting the message on a respective network to the second hypervisor to facilitate configuration of a corresponding network connection of the second hypervisor. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating the message in response to receiving an input identifying the set of configuration settings. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein a subset of the plurality of networks connecting the hypervisors on the host machines comprise virtual networks. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining how frequently changes are made to the respective network, and transmitting the message in view of the determined frequency. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the message is transmitted in response to a command to transmit the message over the respective network. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the message comprises using an address resolution protocol to map an internet protocol address to a physical machine address. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the message is transmitted on each network according to a timing schedule that specifies an amount of time between broadcasts of the message on network. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the plurality of network connections of the first hypervisor comprises:
searching a data store for the plurality of network connections of the first hypervisor; and identifying the set of configuration settings corresponding to each network connection of the first hypervisor. 9. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having instructions that, when executed by a processing device, cause the processing device to:
determine, by a hypervisor of a host machine, that network identifying information of a plurality of networks to which the hypervisor is connected is unknown; listen for messages on the plurality of networks to obtain network identifying information for respective networks; receive a message on a network of the plurality of networks, the message including a network identifier and a set of configuration settings; and configure, by a processing device executing the hypervisor, a network connection of the hypervisor for the network in view of the network identifier and the set of configuration settings from the message. 10. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the processing device is further to:
receive a second message on the network of the plurality of networks, the second message including at least one of an updated network identifier or an updated set of configuration settings; and configure, by the processing device executing the hypervisor, the network connection of the hypervisor for the network in view of the at least one of the updated network identifier or the updated set of configuration settings from the message. 11. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein to determine that network identifying information of the plurality of networks to which the hypervisor connects is unknown, the processing device is to determine that the network identifying information is not stored in a data store of the host machine. 12. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the processing device is to receive the message using an address resolution protocol to map an internet protocol address to a physical machine address. 13. A system comprising:
a memory; and a processing device of a first host machine operatively coupled to the memory, wherein the processing device is to:
detect, by a first hypervisor of the first host machine, that a second host machine is being added to a cluster of host machines comprising the first host machine, the second host machine having a second hypervisor;
identify, by the processing device executing the first hypervisor, a plurality of network connections of the first hypervisor, each network connection being associated with one of a plurality of networks connecting hypervisors on host machines in the cluster, each network connection of the first hypervisor having a set of configuration settings;
generate, for each network connection, a message including a set of configuration settings of a corresponding network connection of the first hypervisor; and
transmit the message on a respective network to the second hypervisor to facilitate configuration of a corresponding network connection of the second hypervisor. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the processing device is to generate the message in response to receiving an input identifying the set of configuration settings. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein a subset of the plurality of networks connecting the hypervisors on the host machines comprise virtual networks. 16. The system of claim 13, wherein the processing device is further to:
determine how frequently changes are made to the respective network, and wherein the processing device is to transmit the message in view of the determined frequency. 17. The system of claim 13, wherein the processing device is to transmit the message in response to a command to transmit the message over the respective network. 18. The system of claim 13, wherein transmitting the message comprises using an address resolution protocol to map an internet protocol address to a physical machine address. 19. The system of claim 13, wherein the processing device is to transmit the message on each network according to a timing schedule that specifies an amount of time between broadcasts of the message on network. 20. The system of claim 13, wherein to identify the plurality of network connections of the first hypervisor, the processing device is further to:
search a data store for the plurality of network connections of the first hypervisor; and identify the set of configuration settings corresponding to each network connection of the first hypervisor. | A system and method for configuring components added to a network is disclosed. The method includes detecting, by a first hypervisor of a first host machine, that a second host machine having a second hypervisor is being added to a cluster of host machines comprising the first host machine, and identifying a plurality of network connections of the first hypervisor, each network connection being associated with one of a plurality of networks connecting hypervisors on host machines in the cluster, each network connection of the first hypervisor having a set of configuration settings. The method also includes generating, for each network connection, a message including a set of configuration settings of a corresponding network connection of the first hypervisor, and transmitting the message on a respective network to a second hypervisor to facilitate configuration of a corresponding network connection of the second hypervisor.1. A method comprising:
detecting, by a first hypervisor of a first host machine, that a second host machine is being added to a cluster of host machines comprising the first host machine, the second host machine having a second hypervisor; identifying, by a processing device executing the first hypervisor, a plurality of network connections of the first hypervisor, each network connection being associated with one of a plurality of networks connecting hypervisors on host machines in the cluster, each network connection of the first hypervisor having a set of configuration settings; generating, for each network connection, a message including a set of configuration settings of a corresponding network connection of the first hypervisor; and transmitting the message on a respective network to the second hypervisor to facilitate configuration of a corresponding network connection of the second hypervisor. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating the message in response to receiving an input identifying the set of configuration settings. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein a subset of the plurality of networks connecting the hypervisors on the host machines comprise virtual networks. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining how frequently changes are made to the respective network, and transmitting the message in view of the determined frequency. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the message is transmitted in response to a command to transmit the message over the respective network. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the message comprises using an address resolution protocol to map an internet protocol address to a physical machine address. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the message is transmitted on each network according to a timing schedule that specifies an amount of time between broadcasts of the message on network. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the plurality of network connections of the first hypervisor comprises:
searching a data store for the plurality of network connections of the first hypervisor; and identifying the set of configuration settings corresponding to each network connection of the first hypervisor. 9. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having instructions that, when executed by a processing device, cause the processing device to:
determine, by a hypervisor of a host machine, that network identifying information of a plurality of networks to which the hypervisor is connected is unknown; listen for messages on the plurality of networks to obtain network identifying information for respective networks; receive a message on a network of the plurality of networks, the message including a network identifier and a set of configuration settings; and configure, by a processing device executing the hypervisor, a network connection of the hypervisor for the network in view of the network identifier and the set of configuration settings from the message. 10. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the processing device is further to:
receive a second message on the network of the plurality of networks, the second message including at least one of an updated network identifier or an updated set of configuration settings; and configure, by the processing device executing the hypervisor, the network connection of the hypervisor for the network in view of the at least one of the updated network identifier or the updated set of configuration settings from the message. 11. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein to determine that network identifying information of the plurality of networks to which the hypervisor connects is unknown, the processing device is to determine that the network identifying information is not stored in a data store of the host machine. 12. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the processing device is to receive the message using an address resolution protocol to map an internet protocol address to a physical machine address. 13. A system comprising:
a memory; and a processing device of a first host machine operatively coupled to the memory, wherein the processing device is to:
detect, by a first hypervisor of the first host machine, that a second host machine is being added to a cluster of host machines comprising the first host machine, the second host machine having a second hypervisor;
identify, by the processing device executing the first hypervisor, a plurality of network connections of the first hypervisor, each network connection being associated with one of a plurality of networks connecting hypervisors on host machines in the cluster, each network connection of the first hypervisor having a set of configuration settings;
generate, for each network connection, a message including a set of configuration settings of a corresponding network connection of the first hypervisor; and
transmit the message on a respective network to the second hypervisor to facilitate configuration of a corresponding network connection of the second hypervisor. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the processing device is to generate the message in response to receiving an input identifying the set of configuration settings. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein a subset of the plurality of networks connecting the hypervisors on the host machines comprise virtual networks. 16. The system of claim 13, wherein the processing device is further to:
determine how frequently changes are made to the respective network, and wherein the processing device is to transmit the message in view of the determined frequency. 17. The system of claim 13, wherein the processing device is to transmit the message in response to a command to transmit the message over the respective network. 18. The system of claim 13, wherein transmitting the message comprises using an address resolution protocol to map an internet protocol address to a physical machine address. 19. The system of claim 13, wherein the processing device is to transmit the message on each network according to a timing schedule that specifies an amount of time between broadcasts of the message on network. 20. The system of claim 13, wherein to identify the plurality of network connections of the first hypervisor, the processing device is further to:
search a data store for the plurality of network connections of the first hypervisor; and identify the set of configuration settings corresponding to each network connection of the first hypervisor. | 2,600 |
349,542 | 16,807,101 | 2,616 | A method provides patients with clinician referrals based on health assessment from users. Each health assessment includes a plurality of clinician selection characteristics and a plurality of health status conditions. The method retrieves a trained model, which has been trained according to a plurality of patients that have each provided a respective temporal sequence of health assessments during treatment by a respective clinician. The method forms a feature vector that includes the plurality of clinician selection characteristics and a plurality of health characteristics that are determined from the health status conditions. The method then applies the trained model to the feature vector to generate a list of candidate treating clinicians who have optimally treated patients whose clinician selection characteristics and determined health characteristics correlate with the health assessment from the user. The method then provides the generated list of candidate treating clinicians to the user for selection. | 1. A method of matching patients to clinicians, performed at a computing device having one or more processors and memory storing one or more programs configured for execution by the one or more processors:
receiving a health assessment from a user, including a plurality of clinician selection characteristics and a plurality of health status conditions; retrieving a trained model, the model trained according to a plurality of patients, each patient providing a respective temporal sequence of health assessments during treatment by a respective treating clinician; forming a feature vector comprising the plurality of clinician selection characteristics and a plurality of health characteristics determined from the health status conditions; applying the trained model to the feature vector to generate a list of candidate treating clinicians who have optimally treated patients whose clinician selection characteristics and determined health characteristics correlate with the health assessment from the user; and providing the generated list of candidate treating clinicians to the user for selection. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the feature vector further includes one or more user preferences that specify clinician selection characteristics for treating clinicians; and
applying the trained model includes using the specified clinician selection characteristics for treating clinicians to generate the list of candidate treating clinicians. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving user specification of one or more user preferences for clinician selection characteristics for treating clinicians; and filtering the generated list of candidate treating clinicians according to the user preferences for clinician selection characteristics for treating clinicians. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein a first user preference for clinician selection characteristics for treating clinicians is a gender identifier; and
filtering the generated list of candidate treating clinicians includes comparing the gender identifier to gender identifiers of candidate treating clinicians included in the generated list. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the feature vector further includes an identifier of urgency and/or an identifier of illness severity. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving user specification of a preferred health care approach and the feature vector includes both the preferred health care approach and suitability score for the preferred health care approach. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving user specification of a user location; and filtering the generated list of candidate treating clinicians by comparing the user location to locations of candidate treating clinicians on the generated list. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a scheduling preference of the user; comparing the scheduling preference of the user to availability of candidate treating clinicians on the generated list; and updating the list of candidate treating clinicians to exclude treating clinicians who do not have at least some availability that matches with the scheduling preference of the user. 9. A computer system for matching patients to clinicians, comprising:
one or more processors; memory; and one or more programs stored in the memory and configured for execution by the one or more processors, the one or more programs comprising instructions for:
receiving a health assessment from a user, including a plurality of clinician selection characteristics and a plurality of health status conditions;
retrieving a trained model, the model trained according to a plurality of patients, each patient providing a respective temporal sequence of health assessments during treatment by a respective treating clinician;
forming a feature vector comprising the plurality of clinician selection characteristics and a plurality of health characteristics determined from the health status conditions;
applying the trained model to the feature vector to generate a list of candidate treating clinicians who have optimally treated patients whose clinician selection characteristics and determined health characteristics correlate with the health assessment from the user; and
providing the generated list of candidate treating clinicians to the user for selection. 10. The computer system of claim 9, wherein:
the feature vector further includes one or more user preferences that specify clinician selection characteristics for treating clinicians; and applying the trained model includes using the specified clinician selection characteristics for treating clinicians to generate the list of candidate treating clinicians. 11. The computer system of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving user specification of one or more user preferences for clinician selection characteristics for treating clinicians; and filtering the generated list of candidate treating clinicians according to the user preferences for clinician selection characteristics for treating clinicians. 12. The computer system of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving user specification of a preferred health care approach and the feature vector includes both the preferred health care approach and suitability score for the preferred health care approach. 13. The computer system of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving user specification of a user location; and filtering the generated list of candidate treating clinicians by comparing the user location to locations of candidate treating clinicians on the generated list. 14. The computer system of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving a scheduling preference of the user; comparing the scheduling preference of the user to availability of candidate treating clinicians on the generated list; and updating the list of candidate treating clinicians to exclude treating clinicians who do not have at least some availability that matches with the scheduling preference of the user. 15. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs configured for execution by a computer system having one or more processors, memory, and a display, the one or more programs comprising instructions for:
receiving a health assessment from a user, including a plurality of clinician selection characteristics and a plurality of health status conditions; retrieving a trained model, the model trained according to a plurality of patients, each patient providing a respective temporal sequence of health assessments during treatment by a respective treating clinician; forming a feature vector comprising the plurality of clinician selection characteristics and a plurality of health characteristics determined from the health status conditions; applying the trained model to the feature vector to generate a list of candidate treating clinicians who have optimally treated patients whose clinician selection characteristics and determined health characteristics correlate with the health assessment from the user; and providing the generated list of candidate treating clinicians to the user for selection. 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein:
the feature vector further includes one or more user preferences that specify clinician selection characteristics for treating clinicians; and applying the trained model includes using the specified clinician selection characteristics for treating clinicians to generate the list of candidate treating clinicians. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, further comprising:
receiving user specification of one or more user preferences for clinician selection characteristics for treating clinicians; and filtering the generated list of candidate treating clinicians according to the user preferences for clinician selection characteristics for treating clinicians. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, further comprising:
receiving user specification of a preferred health care approach and the feature vector includes both the preferred health care approach and suitability score for the preferred health care approach. 19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, further comprising:
receiving user specification of a user location; and filtering the generated list of candidate treating clinicians by comparing the user location to locations of candidate treating clinicians on the generated list. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, further comprising:
receiving a scheduling preference of the user; comparing the scheduling preference of the user to availability of candidate treating clinicians on the generated list; and updating the list of candidate treating clinicians to exclude treating clinicians who do not have at least one availability that matches with the scheduling preference of the user. | A method provides patients with clinician referrals based on health assessment from users. Each health assessment includes a plurality of clinician selection characteristics and a plurality of health status conditions. The method retrieves a trained model, which has been trained according to a plurality of patients that have each provided a respective temporal sequence of health assessments during treatment by a respective clinician. The method forms a feature vector that includes the plurality of clinician selection characteristics and a plurality of health characteristics that are determined from the health status conditions. The method then applies the trained model to the feature vector to generate a list of candidate treating clinicians who have optimally treated patients whose clinician selection characteristics and determined health characteristics correlate with the health assessment from the user. The method then provides the generated list of candidate treating clinicians to the user for selection.1. A method of matching patients to clinicians, performed at a computing device having one or more processors and memory storing one or more programs configured for execution by the one or more processors:
receiving a health assessment from a user, including a plurality of clinician selection characteristics and a plurality of health status conditions; retrieving a trained model, the model trained according to a plurality of patients, each patient providing a respective temporal sequence of health assessments during treatment by a respective treating clinician; forming a feature vector comprising the plurality of clinician selection characteristics and a plurality of health characteristics determined from the health status conditions; applying the trained model to the feature vector to generate a list of candidate treating clinicians who have optimally treated patients whose clinician selection characteristics and determined health characteristics correlate with the health assessment from the user; and providing the generated list of candidate treating clinicians to the user for selection. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the feature vector further includes one or more user preferences that specify clinician selection characteristics for treating clinicians; and
applying the trained model includes using the specified clinician selection characteristics for treating clinicians to generate the list of candidate treating clinicians. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving user specification of one or more user preferences for clinician selection characteristics for treating clinicians; and filtering the generated list of candidate treating clinicians according to the user preferences for clinician selection characteristics for treating clinicians. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein a first user preference for clinician selection characteristics for treating clinicians is a gender identifier; and
filtering the generated list of candidate treating clinicians includes comparing the gender identifier to gender identifiers of candidate treating clinicians included in the generated list. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the feature vector further includes an identifier of urgency and/or an identifier of illness severity. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving user specification of a preferred health care approach and the feature vector includes both the preferred health care approach and suitability score for the preferred health care approach. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving user specification of a user location; and filtering the generated list of candidate treating clinicians by comparing the user location to locations of candidate treating clinicians on the generated list. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a scheduling preference of the user; comparing the scheduling preference of the user to availability of candidate treating clinicians on the generated list; and updating the list of candidate treating clinicians to exclude treating clinicians who do not have at least some availability that matches with the scheduling preference of the user. 9. A computer system for matching patients to clinicians, comprising:
one or more processors; memory; and one or more programs stored in the memory and configured for execution by the one or more processors, the one or more programs comprising instructions for:
receiving a health assessment from a user, including a plurality of clinician selection characteristics and a plurality of health status conditions;
retrieving a trained model, the model trained according to a plurality of patients, each patient providing a respective temporal sequence of health assessments during treatment by a respective treating clinician;
forming a feature vector comprising the plurality of clinician selection characteristics and a plurality of health characteristics determined from the health status conditions;
applying the trained model to the feature vector to generate a list of candidate treating clinicians who have optimally treated patients whose clinician selection characteristics and determined health characteristics correlate with the health assessment from the user; and
providing the generated list of candidate treating clinicians to the user for selection. 10. The computer system of claim 9, wherein:
the feature vector further includes one or more user preferences that specify clinician selection characteristics for treating clinicians; and applying the trained model includes using the specified clinician selection characteristics for treating clinicians to generate the list of candidate treating clinicians. 11. The computer system of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving user specification of one or more user preferences for clinician selection characteristics for treating clinicians; and filtering the generated list of candidate treating clinicians according to the user preferences for clinician selection characteristics for treating clinicians. 12. The computer system of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving user specification of a preferred health care approach and the feature vector includes both the preferred health care approach and suitability score for the preferred health care approach. 13. The computer system of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving user specification of a user location; and filtering the generated list of candidate treating clinicians by comparing the user location to locations of candidate treating clinicians on the generated list. 14. The computer system of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving a scheduling preference of the user; comparing the scheduling preference of the user to availability of candidate treating clinicians on the generated list; and updating the list of candidate treating clinicians to exclude treating clinicians who do not have at least some availability that matches with the scheduling preference of the user. 15. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs configured for execution by a computer system having one or more processors, memory, and a display, the one or more programs comprising instructions for:
receiving a health assessment from a user, including a plurality of clinician selection characteristics and a plurality of health status conditions; retrieving a trained model, the model trained according to a plurality of patients, each patient providing a respective temporal sequence of health assessments during treatment by a respective treating clinician; forming a feature vector comprising the plurality of clinician selection characteristics and a plurality of health characteristics determined from the health status conditions; applying the trained model to the feature vector to generate a list of candidate treating clinicians who have optimally treated patients whose clinician selection characteristics and determined health characteristics correlate with the health assessment from the user; and providing the generated list of candidate treating clinicians to the user for selection. 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein:
the feature vector further includes one or more user preferences that specify clinician selection characteristics for treating clinicians; and applying the trained model includes using the specified clinician selection characteristics for treating clinicians to generate the list of candidate treating clinicians. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, further comprising:
receiving user specification of one or more user preferences for clinician selection characteristics for treating clinicians; and filtering the generated list of candidate treating clinicians according to the user preferences for clinician selection characteristics for treating clinicians. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, further comprising:
receiving user specification of a preferred health care approach and the feature vector includes both the preferred health care approach and suitability score for the preferred health care approach. 19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, further comprising:
receiving user specification of a user location; and filtering the generated list of candidate treating clinicians by comparing the user location to locations of candidate treating clinicians on the generated list. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, further comprising:
receiving a scheduling preference of the user; comparing the scheduling preference of the user to availability of candidate treating clinicians on the generated list; and updating the list of candidate treating clinicians to exclude treating clinicians who do not have at least one availability that matches with the scheduling preference of the user. | 2,600 |
349,543 | 16,873,237 | 3,783 | The combination of a breast pump shield, with its ring, applied to the flange lower end of the shield, and the ring being C shaped in cross-section, having an upper flange, a lower flange, both integrally structured with a base wall. The physiological stimulator integrally formed with the lower flange of the sealing ring extends inwardly and upwardly within the shield, and therein functions as a means to place pressure upon the breast of the mother to help induce and stimulate the flow of breast milk during usage of the associated breast pump. | 1. A physiological stimulator integral of shield components for a breast pump, comprising a sealing ring, said sealing ring being C-shaped in cross-section and having an upper flange, a lower flange, and a base wall all integrally formed together, and said sealing ring having an integral annulus opening directed inwardly of the said sealing ring, said shield component having a conical segment which at its lower end includes a slightly flaring flange, said flange provided for fitting into said interior annulus opening when preparing said shield component for usage with the breast pump;
said physiological stimulator integrally formed extending inwardly from the lower flange of said sealing ring, said stimulator having an integral upwardly extending portion provided for locating interiorly and upwardly within the associated shield component and therein be biased against the breast of the lactating mother to enhance and induce the delivery of milk during usage of said ring and its integral stimulator on the shield during application with the breast pump during its operation. 2. The physiological stimulator and shield components of claim 1, wherein said stimulator and components are formed of a polymer. 3. The physiological stimulator and shield components of claim 2, wherein said polymer comprises acrylic resin. 4. The physiological stimulator and shield components of claim 2, wherein said polymer comprises silicone. 5. The physiological stimulator and shield components of claim 1, wherein said stimulator extends approximately halfway up the interior of the associated shield when the shield and associated ring are prepared for usage. 6. The physiological stimulator and shield components of claim 5, wherein said stimulator has a width of approximately 2 degrees to 20 degrees of the inner circumference of the sealing ring. 7. The physiological stimulator and shield components of claim 6, wherein said stimulator extends inwardly of the shield component and above the integral sealing ring for approximately ½ inch to 1½ inches in length. 8. The physiological stimulator and shield components of claim 1, wherein the lower flange of said C shaped ring extends inwardly a sufficient distance to provide increased and improved surface area for sealing of the shield and ring around the breast during usage. 9. The physiological stimulator and shield components of claim 1, wherein that portion of the stimulator integrally connecting with the lower flange of the sealing ring is wider than the upper extension and that locates within the shield of the shield components. 10. A physiological stimulator integral of shield components for a breast pump, comprising a sealing ring, said sealing ring being shaped to accommodate the insertion of the shield therein, with said sealing ring having an integral annulus opening directed inwardly of said sealing ring, said shield component having a conical segment which at its lower end includes a slightly flaring flange, said flange provided for fitting into the sealing ring when preparing said shield component for usage with the breast pump;
said physiological stimulator integrally formed extending upwardly and contacting with the interior of the shield component, and therein be biased against the breast of the lactating mother to enhance and induce the delivery of milk during usage of said shield component with the breast pump during its operation. 11. The physiological stimulator and shield components of claim 10, wherein the proximal aspects of the physiological shield that contacts the body is thicket than the distal aspects of the shield that locate more proximal to the breast pump. 12. The physiological stimulator and shield components of claim 10, wherein a lower portion of the stimulator connects with a lower flange of the sealing ring annulus, and said lower portion has dimensions that are greater than the dimensions for the portion of the stimulator that extends upwardly within the interior shield component. | The combination of a breast pump shield, with its ring, applied to the flange lower end of the shield, and the ring being C shaped in cross-section, having an upper flange, a lower flange, both integrally structured with a base wall. The physiological stimulator integrally formed with the lower flange of the sealing ring extends inwardly and upwardly within the shield, and therein functions as a means to place pressure upon the breast of the mother to help induce and stimulate the flow of breast milk during usage of the associated breast pump.1. A physiological stimulator integral of shield components for a breast pump, comprising a sealing ring, said sealing ring being C-shaped in cross-section and having an upper flange, a lower flange, and a base wall all integrally formed together, and said sealing ring having an integral annulus opening directed inwardly of the said sealing ring, said shield component having a conical segment which at its lower end includes a slightly flaring flange, said flange provided for fitting into said interior annulus opening when preparing said shield component for usage with the breast pump;
said physiological stimulator integrally formed extending inwardly from the lower flange of said sealing ring, said stimulator having an integral upwardly extending portion provided for locating interiorly and upwardly within the associated shield component and therein be biased against the breast of the lactating mother to enhance and induce the delivery of milk during usage of said ring and its integral stimulator on the shield during application with the breast pump during its operation. 2. The physiological stimulator and shield components of claim 1, wherein said stimulator and components are formed of a polymer. 3. The physiological stimulator and shield components of claim 2, wherein said polymer comprises acrylic resin. 4. The physiological stimulator and shield components of claim 2, wherein said polymer comprises silicone. 5. The physiological stimulator and shield components of claim 1, wherein said stimulator extends approximately halfway up the interior of the associated shield when the shield and associated ring are prepared for usage. 6. The physiological stimulator and shield components of claim 5, wherein said stimulator has a width of approximately 2 degrees to 20 degrees of the inner circumference of the sealing ring. 7. The physiological stimulator and shield components of claim 6, wherein said stimulator extends inwardly of the shield component and above the integral sealing ring for approximately ½ inch to 1½ inches in length. 8. The physiological stimulator and shield components of claim 1, wherein the lower flange of said C shaped ring extends inwardly a sufficient distance to provide increased and improved surface area for sealing of the shield and ring around the breast during usage. 9. The physiological stimulator and shield components of claim 1, wherein that portion of the stimulator integrally connecting with the lower flange of the sealing ring is wider than the upper extension and that locates within the shield of the shield components. 10. A physiological stimulator integral of shield components for a breast pump, comprising a sealing ring, said sealing ring being shaped to accommodate the insertion of the shield therein, with said sealing ring having an integral annulus opening directed inwardly of said sealing ring, said shield component having a conical segment which at its lower end includes a slightly flaring flange, said flange provided for fitting into the sealing ring when preparing said shield component for usage with the breast pump;
said physiological stimulator integrally formed extending upwardly and contacting with the interior of the shield component, and therein be biased against the breast of the lactating mother to enhance and induce the delivery of milk during usage of said shield component with the breast pump during its operation. 11. The physiological stimulator and shield components of claim 10, wherein the proximal aspects of the physiological shield that contacts the body is thicket than the distal aspects of the shield that locate more proximal to the breast pump. 12. The physiological stimulator and shield components of claim 10, wherein a lower portion of the stimulator connects with a lower flange of the sealing ring annulus, and said lower portion has dimensions that are greater than the dimensions for the portion of the stimulator that extends upwardly within the interior shield component. | 3,700 |
349,544 | 16,807,147 | 3,783 | Disclosed are cell-free systems for metabolic engineering, methods for cell-free metabolic engineering, kits for preparing the disclosed systems, and kits for performing the disclosed methods. The disclosed systems, methods, and kits may be utilized to prepare a chemical product or natural product and to optimize conditions for preparing a chemical product or natural product. The disclosed systems, methods, and kits also may be utilized for combinatorial cell-free metabolism engineering. | 1. A method for the enzymatic preparation of a chemical product or natural product in vitro, the method comprising:
(a) providing a cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture to a protein reaction vessel, the cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture comprising a cellular extract from a host strain, a translation template, and cell-free protein synthesis reagents, (b) expressing the translation template in the protein reaction vessel to prepare an enzyme, (c) providing the enzyme, the cellular extract, and a metabolic reaction mixture to a metabolic reaction vessel, the metabolic reaction mixture comprising a feedstock, 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the natural enzyme metabolism from the host strain (i) provides energy; (ii) provides cofactor regeneration; (iii) provides a cellular extract enzyme; or
(iv) any combination thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising providing a transcription template, a polymerase, ATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP to prepare the translation template. 4. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising:
(a1) providing a second cell-free synthesis reaction mixture to a second protein reaction vessel, the second cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture comprising a second cellular extract, a second translation template, and cell-free protein synthesis reagents, (b1) expressing the second translation template in the second protein reaction vessel to prepare a second enzyme, and (c1) providing the second enzyme to the metabolic reaction vessel in step (c), wherein the feedstock reacts in the presence of the enzyme of step (b) and the second enzyme of step (b1) to prepare the chemical product or the natural product. 5. The method of claim 4, the method further comprising providing a second transcription template, a polymerase, ATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP to prepare the second translation template. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the protein reaction vessel and the metabolic reaction vessel are different vessels. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the protein reaction vessel and the metabolic reaction vessel are the same vessel. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein the protein reaction vessel and the second protein reaction vessel are different. 9. The method of claim 4, wherein the protein reaction vessel and the second protein reaction vessel are the same vessel. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the cellular extract is a prokaryotic cellular extract. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the prokaryotic cellular extract is an E. coli cellular extract. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the enzyme prepared in step (b) is heterologous relative to the cellular extract. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the cell-free protein synthesis reagents comprise a reaction buffer, amino acids, and a tRNA mixture. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the cell-free protein synthesis reagents comprise CoA, ATP, NAD, NADH, NADP, NADPH, FMN, SAM, potassium, magnesium, ammonium, glutamate, acetate, or any combination thereof. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the enzyme prepared in step (b) is selected from the group consisting of AtoB, Hbd, Crt, Ter, AdhE, and combinations thereof. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the feedstock is glucose. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the metabolic reaction mixture comprises CoA, malonyl-CoA, acetyl-CoA, 4′-phosphopantetheinyl transferase enzyme Sfp, ATP, NAD, NADH, NADP, NADPH, FMN, potassium, magnesium, ammonium, glutamate, acetate, any of the 20 amino acids, or any combinations thereof. 18. A method for combinatorial cell-free metabolism engineering, the method comprising:
(a) providing N solutions, (b) combining between one and 2N combinations of the N solutions, (c) providing a cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture, the cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture comprising a cellular extract and a translation template, (d) combining the cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture and at least one of the combinations of the N stock solutions in a cell-free protein synthesis reaction vessel, wherein the translation template is expressed to provide an enzyme; and (e) providing the enzyme and a feedstock to a metabolic reaction vessel, wherein the feedstock is capable of reacting in the presence of the enzyme to form a product. 19. A kit for cell-free metabolism engineering, the kit comprising:
(a) a solution, the solution comprising a nucleoside triphosphate solution, a tRNA solution, a salt solution, an amino acid solution, a cofactor solution, a protein helper factor solution, or combinations thereof; and (b) a cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture, the cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture comprising a cellular extract and a translation template. 20. The kit of claim 19, wherein the cellular extract is an E. coli cellular extract. | Disclosed are cell-free systems for metabolic engineering, methods for cell-free metabolic engineering, kits for preparing the disclosed systems, and kits for performing the disclosed methods. The disclosed systems, methods, and kits may be utilized to prepare a chemical product or natural product and to optimize conditions for preparing a chemical product or natural product. The disclosed systems, methods, and kits also may be utilized for combinatorial cell-free metabolism engineering.1. A method for the enzymatic preparation of a chemical product or natural product in vitro, the method comprising:
(a) providing a cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture to a protein reaction vessel, the cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture comprising a cellular extract from a host strain, a translation template, and cell-free protein synthesis reagents, (b) expressing the translation template in the protein reaction vessel to prepare an enzyme, (c) providing the enzyme, the cellular extract, and a metabolic reaction mixture to a metabolic reaction vessel, the metabolic reaction mixture comprising a feedstock, 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the natural enzyme metabolism from the host strain (i) provides energy; (ii) provides cofactor regeneration; (iii) provides a cellular extract enzyme; or
(iv) any combination thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising providing a transcription template, a polymerase, ATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP to prepare the translation template. 4. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising:
(a1) providing a second cell-free synthesis reaction mixture to a second protein reaction vessel, the second cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture comprising a second cellular extract, a second translation template, and cell-free protein synthesis reagents, (b1) expressing the second translation template in the second protein reaction vessel to prepare a second enzyme, and (c1) providing the second enzyme to the metabolic reaction vessel in step (c), wherein the feedstock reacts in the presence of the enzyme of step (b) and the second enzyme of step (b1) to prepare the chemical product or the natural product. 5. The method of claim 4, the method further comprising providing a second transcription template, a polymerase, ATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP to prepare the second translation template. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the protein reaction vessel and the metabolic reaction vessel are different vessels. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the protein reaction vessel and the metabolic reaction vessel are the same vessel. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein the protein reaction vessel and the second protein reaction vessel are different. 9. The method of claim 4, wherein the protein reaction vessel and the second protein reaction vessel are the same vessel. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the cellular extract is a prokaryotic cellular extract. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the prokaryotic cellular extract is an E. coli cellular extract. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the enzyme prepared in step (b) is heterologous relative to the cellular extract. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the cell-free protein synthesis reagents comprise a reaction buffer, amino acids, and a tRNA mixture. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the cell-free protein synthesis reagents comprise CoA, ATP, NAD, NADH, NADP, NADPH, FMN, SAM, potassium, magnesium, ammonium, glutamate, acetate, or any combination thereof. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the enzyme prepared in step (b) is selected from the group consisting of AtoB, Hbd, Crt, Ter, AdhE, and combinations thereof. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the feedstock is glucose. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the metabolic reaction mixture comprises CoA, malonyl-CoA, acetyl-CoA, 4′-phosphopantetheinyl transferase enzyme Sfp, ATP, NAD, NADH, NADP, NADPH, FMN, potassium, magnesium, ammonium, glutamate, acetate, any of the 20 amino acids, or any combinations thereof. 18. A method for combinatorial cell-free metabolism engineering, the method comprising:
(a) providing N solutions, (b) combining between one and 2N combinations of the N solutions, (c) providing a cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture, the cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture comprising a cellular extract and a translation template, (d) combining the cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture and at least one of the combinations of the N stock solutions in a cell-free protein synthesis reaction vessel, wherein the translation template is expressed to provide an enzyme; and (e) providing the enzyme and a feedstock to a metabolic reaction vessel, wherein the feedstock is capable of reacting in the presence of the enzyme to form a product. 19. A kit for cell-free metabolism engineering, the kit comprising:
(a) a solution, the solution comprising a nucleoside triphosphate solution, a tRNA solution, a salt solution, an amino acid solution, a cofactor solution, a protein helper factor solution, or combinations thereof; and (b) a cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture, the cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture comprising a cellular extract and a translation template. 20. The kit of claim 19, wherein the cellular extract is an E. coli cellular extract. | 3,700 |
349,545 | 29,726,202 | 3,783 | Disclosed are cell-free systems for metabolic engineering, methods for cell-free metabolic engineering, kits for preparing the disclosed systems, and kits for performing the disclosed methods. The disclosed systems, methods, and kits may be utilized to prepare a chemical product or natural product and to optimize conditions for preparing a chemical product or natural product. The disclosed systems, methods, and kits also may be utilized for combinatorial cell-free metabolism engineering. | 1. A method for the enzymatic preparation of a chemical product or natural product in vitro, the method comprising:
(a) providing a cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture to a protein reaction vessel, the cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture comprising a cellular extract from a host strain, a translation template, and cell-free protein synthesis reagents, (b) expressing the translation template in the protein reaction vessel to prepare an enzyme, (c) providing the enzyme, the cellular extract, and a metabolic reaction mixture to a metabolic reaction vessel, the metabolic reaction mixture comprising a feedstock, 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the natural enzyme metabolism from the host strain (i) provides energy; (ii) provides cofactor regeneration; (iii) provides a cellular extract enzyme; or
(iv) any combination thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising providing a transcription template, a polymerase, ATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP to prepare the translation template. 4. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising:
(a1) providing a second cell-free synthesis reaction mixture to a second protein reaction vessel, the second cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture comprising a second cellular extract, a second translation template, and cell-free protein synthesis reagents, (b1) expressing the second translation template in the second protein reaction vessel to prepare a second enzyme, and (c1) providing the second enzyme to the metabolic reaction vessel in step (c), wherein the feedstock reacts in the presence of the enzyme of step (b) and the second enzyme of step (b1) to prepare the chemical product or the natural product. 5. The method of claim 4, the method further comprising providing a second transcription template, a polymerase, ATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP to prepare the second translation template. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the protein reaction vessel and the metabolic reaction vessel are different vessels. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the protein reaction vessel and the metabolic reaction vessel are the same vessel. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein the protein reaction vessel and the second protein reaction vessel are different. 9. The method of claim 4, wherein the protein reaction vessel and the second protein reaction vessel are the same vessel. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the cellular extract is a prokaryotic cellular extract. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the prokaryotic cellular extract is an E. coli cellular extract. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the enzyme prepared in step (b) is heterologous relative to the cellular extract. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the cell-free protein synthesis reagents comprise a reaction buffer, amino acids, and a tRNA mixture. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the cell-free protein synthesis reagents comprise CoA, ATP, NAD, NADH, NADP, NADPH, FMN, SAM, potassium, magnesium, ammonium, glutamate, acetate, or any combination thereof. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the enzyme prepared in step (b) is selected from the group consisting of AtoB, Hbd, Crt, Ter, AdhE, and combinations thereof. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the feedstock is glucose. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the metabolic reaction mixture comprises CoA, malonyl-CoA, acetyl-CoA, 4′-phosphopantetheinyl transferase enzyme Sfp, ATP, NAD, NADH, NADP, NADPH, FMN, potassium, magnesium, ammonium, glutamate, acetate, any of the 20 amino acids, or any combinations thereof. 18. A method for combinatorial cell-free metabolism engineering, the method comprising:
(a) providing N solutions, (b) combining between one and 2N combinations of the N solutions, (c) providing a cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture, the cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture comprising a cellular extract and a translation template, (d) combining the cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture and at least one of the combinations of the N stock solutions in a cell-free protein synthesis reaction vessel, wherein the translation template is expressed to provide an enzyme; and (e) providing the enzyme and a feedstock to a metabolic reaction vessel, wherein the feedstock is capable of reacting in the presence of the enzyme to form a product. 19. A kit for cell-free metabolism engineering, the kit comprising:
(a) a solution, the solution comprising a nucleoside triphosphate solution, a tRNA solution, a salt solution, an amino acid solution, a cofactor solution, a protein helper factor solution, or combinations thereof; and (b) a cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture, the cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture comprising a cellular extract and a translation template. 20. The kit of claim 19, wherein the cellular extract is an E. coli cellular extract. | Disclosed are cell-free systems for metabolic engineering, methods for cell-free metabolic engineering, kits for preparing the disclosed systems, and kits for performing the disclosed methods. The disclosed systems, methods, and kits may be utilized to prepare a chemical product or natural product and to optimize conditions for preparing a chemical product or natural product. The disclosed systems, methods, and kits also may be utilized for combinatorial cell-free metabolism engineering.1. A method for the enzymatic preparation of a chemical product or natural product in vitro, the method comprising:
(a) providing a cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture to a protein reaction vessel, the cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture comprising a cellular extract from a host strain, a translation template, and cell-free protein synthesis reagents, (b) expressing the translation template in the protein reaction vessel to prepare an enzyme, (c) providing the enzyme, the cellular extract, and a metabolic reaction mixture to a metabolic reaction vessel, the metabolic reaction mixture comprising a feedstock, 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the natural enzyme metabolism from the host strain (i) provides energy; (ii) provides cofactor regeneration; (iii) provides a cellular extract enzyme; or
(iv) any combination thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising providing a transcription template, a polymerase, ATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP to prepare the translation template. 4. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising:
(a1) providing a second cell-free synthesis reaction mixture to a second protein reaction vessel, the second cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture comprising a second cellular extract, a second translation template, and cell-free protein synthesis reagents, (b1) expressing the second translation template in the second protein reaction vessel to prepare a second enzyme, and (c1) providing the second enzyme to the metabolic reaction vessel in step (c), wherein the feedstock reacts in the presence of the enzyme of step (b) and the second enzyme of step (b1) to prepare the chemical product or the natural product. 5. The method of claim 4, the method further comprising providing a second transcription template, a polymerase, ATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP to prepare the second translation template. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the protein reaction vessel and the metabolic reaction vessel are different vessels. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the protein reaction vessel and the metabolic reaction vessel are the same vessel. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein the protein reaction vessel and the second protein reaction vessel are different. 9. The method of claim 4, wherein the protein reaction vessel and the second protein reaction vessel are the same vessel. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the cellular extract is a prokaryotic cellular extract. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the prokaryotic cellular extract is an E. coli cellular extract. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the enzyme prepared in step (b) is heterologous relative to the cellular extract. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the cell-free protein synthesis reagents comprise a reaction buffer, amino acids, and a tRNA mixture. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the cell-free protein synthesis reagents comprise CoA, ATP, NAD, NADH, NADP, NADPH, FMN, SAM, potassium, magnesium, ammonium, glutamate, acetate, or any combination thereof. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the enzyme prepared in step (b) is selected from the group consisting of AtoB, Hbd, Crt, Ter, AdhE, and combinations thereof. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the feedstock is glucose. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the metabolic reaction mixture comprises CoA, malonyl-CoA, acetyl-CoA, 4′-phosphopantetheinyl transferase enzyme Sfp, ATP, NAD, NADH, NADP, NADPH, FMN, potassium, magnesium, ammonium, glutamate, acetate, any of the 20 amino acids, or any combinations thereof. 18. A method for combinatorial cell-free metabolism engineering, the method comprising:
(a) providing N solutions, (b) combining between one and 2N combinations of the N solutions, (c) providing a cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture, the cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture comprising a cellular extract and a translation template, (d) combining the cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture and at least one of the combinations of the N stock solutions in a cell-free protein synthesis reaction vessel, wherein the translation template is expressed to provide an enzyme; and (e) providing the enzyme and a feedstock to a metabolic reaction vessel, wherein the feedstock is capable of reacting in the presence of the enzyme to form a product. 19. A kit for cell-free metabolism engineering, the kit comprising:
(a) a solution, the solution comprising a nucleoside triphosphate solution, a tRNA solution, a salt solution, an amino acid solution, a cofactor solution, a protein helper factor solution, or combinations thereof; and (b) a cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture, the cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture comprising a cellular extract and a translation template. 20. The kit of claim 19, wherein the cellular extract is an E. coli cellular extract. | 3,700 |
349,546 | 16,807,144 | 3,632 | The present disclosure relates to a flexible cover strip for a storage system including a carrier rail (1) having a U-shaped cross section with first and second parallel rows (3, 5) of elongated substantially identical slots (7) in a front portion to accommodate a suspension element such as e.g. a bracket. The cover strip has an abutment face (17) and an exterior face (31), and a plurality of projections (19), rising from the abutment surface of the strip in first and second parallel rows matching the slots of the carrier rail, such that the cover strip can be fitted on the front portion with the projections entering the slots, and wherein at least some of the projections are provided with a snap element (27) at their distal ends, which snap elements prevent the cover strip from falling off the rail. | 1-11. (canceled) 12. A method for producing a flexible cover strip in an elastomer material, the method comprising:
extruding a strip having first and second sides, the strip comprising first and second ridges extending from a surface on the first side of the strip along the length of the strip; and cutting the ridges transversally with respect to the length of the strip to provide pairs of projections with intervening spaces along the length of the strip. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the extruding creates a longitudinal tear line cut in the centre of the flat surface and the cutting further comprises cutting transversal tear lines surface between adjacent pairs of projections. 14. The method according to claim 12, wherein the elastomer material is soft PPE, PP-R or PVC. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the cover strip is produced in a single piece in an elastomer material such as PPE, PP-R or PVC. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the projections rise obliquely from the abutment face. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein a face of the second side of the strip is convex, providing a curvature along the length of the cover strip. 18. A method for producing a flexible cover strip in an elastomer material, the method comprising:
extruding a strip having first and second sides, the strip comprising first and second ridges extending from a flat surface on the first side of the strip along the length of the strip; cutting the ridges transversally with respect to the length of the strip to provide pairs of projections with intervening spaces along the length of the strip; and cutting transversal tear lines surface between adjacent pairs of projections. 19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising creating a longitudinal tear line cut in the centre of the flat surface. 20. The method according to claim 18, wherein the elastomer material is soft PPE, PP-R or PVC. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein the projections rise obliquely from the abutment face. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein a face of the second side of the strip is convex, providing a curvature along the length of the cover strip. | The present disclosure relates to a flexible cover strip for a storage system including a carrier rail (1) having a U-shaped cross section with first and second parallel rows (3, 5) of elongated substantially identical slots (7) in a front portion to accommodate a suspension element such as e.g. a bracket. The cover strip has an abutment face (17) and an exterior face (31), and a plurality of projections (19), rising from the abutment surface of the strip in first and second parallel rows matching the slots of the carrier rail, such that the cover strip can be fitted on the front portion with the projections entering the slots, and wherein at least some of the projections are provided with a snap element (27) at their distal ends, which snap elements prevent the cover strip from falling off the rail.1-11. (canceled) 12. A method for producing a flexible cover strip in an elastomer material, the method comprising:
extruding a strip having first and second sides, the strip comprising first and second ridges extending from a surface on the first side of the strip along the length of the strip; and cutting the ridges transversally with respect to the length of the strip to provide pairs of projections with intervening spaces along the length of the strip. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the extruding creates a longitudinal tear line cut in the centre of the flat surface and the cutting further comprises cutting transversal tear lines surface between adjacent pairs of projections. 14. The method according to claim 12, wherein the elastomer material is soft PPE, PP-R or PVC. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the cover strip is produced in a single piece in an elastomer material such as PPE, PP-R or PVC. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the projections rise obliquely from the abutment face. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein a face of the second side of the strip is convex, providing a curvature along the length of the cover strip. 18. A method for producing a flexible cover strip in an elastomer material, the method comprising:
extruding a strip having first and second sides, the strip comprising first and second ridges extending from a flat surface on the first side of the strip along the length of the strip; cutting the ridges transversally with respect to the length of the strip to provide pairs of projections with intervening spaces along the length of the strip; and cutting transversal tear lines surface between adjacent pairs of projections. 19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising creating a longitudinal tear line cut in the centre of the flat surface. 20. The method according to claim 18, wherein the elastomer material is soft PPE, PP-R or PVC. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein the projections rise obliquely from the abutment face. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein a face of the second side of the strip is convex, providing a curvature along the length of the cover strip. | 3,600 |
349,547 | 29,726,200 | 2,919 | The present disclosure relates to a flexible cover strip for a storage system including a carrier rail (1) having a U-shaped cross section with first and second parallel rows (3, 5) of elongated substantially identical slots (7) in a front portion to accommodate a suspension element such as e.g. a bracket. The cover strip has an abutment face (17) and an exterior face (31), and a plurality of projections (19), rising from the abutment surface of the strip in first and second parallel rows matching the slots of the carrier rail, such that the cover strip can be fitted on the front portion with the projections entering the slots, and wherein at least some of the projections are provided with a snap element (27) at their distal ends, which snap elements prevent the cover strip from falling off the rail. | 1-11. (canceled) 12. A method for producing a flexible cover strip in an elastomer material, the method comprising:
extruding a strip having first and second sides, the strip comprising first and second ridges extending from a surface on the first side of the strip along the length of the strip; and cutting the ridges transversally with respect to the length of the strip to provide pairs of projections with intervening spaces along the length of the strip. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the extruding creates a longitudinal tear line cut in the centre of the flat surface and the cutting further comprises cutting transversal tear lines surface between adjacent pairs of projections. 14. The method according to claim 12, wherein the elastomer material is soft PPE, PP-R or PVC. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the cover strip is produced in a single piece in an elastomer material such as PPE, PP-R or PVC. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the projections rise obliquely from the abutment face. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein a face of the second side of the strip is convex, providing a curvature along the length of the cover strip. 18. A method for producing a flexible cover strip in an elastomer material, the method comprising:
extruding a strip having first and second sides, the strip comprising first and second ridges extending from a flat surface on the first side of the strip along the length of the strip; cutting the ridges transversally with respect to the length of the strip to provide pairs of projections with intervening spaces along the length of the strip; and cutting transversal tear lines surface between adjacent pairs of projections. 19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising creating a longitudinal tear line cut in the centre of the flat surface. 20. The method according to claim 18, wherein the elastomer material is soft PPE, PP-R or PVC. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein the projections rise obliquely from the abutment face. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein a face of the second side of the strip is convex, providing a curvature along the length of the cover strip. | The present disclosure relates to a flexible cover strip for a storage system including a carrier rail (1) having a U-shaped cross section with first and second parallel rows (3, 5) of elongated substantially identical slots (7) in a front portion to accommodate a suspension element such as e.g. a bracket. The cover strip has an abutment face (17) and an exterior face (31), and a plurality of projections (19), rising from the abutment surface of the strip in first and second parallel rows matching the slots of the carrier rail, such that the cover strip can be fitted on the front portion with the projections entering the slots, and wherein at least some of the projections are provided with a snap element (27) at their distal ends, which snap elements prevent the cover strip from falling off the rail.1-11. (canceled) 12. A method for producing a flexible cover strip in an elastomer material, the method comprising:
extruding a strip having first and second sides, the strip comprising first and second ridges extending from a surface on the first side of the strip along the length of the strip; and cutting the ridges transversally with respect to the length of the strip to provide pairs of projections with intervening spaces along the length of the strip. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the extruding creates a longitudinal tear line cut in the centre of the flat surface and the cutting further comprises cutting transversal tear lines surface between adjacent pairs of projections. 14. The method according to claim 12, wherein the elastomer material is soft PPE, PP-R or PVC. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the cover strip is produced in a single piece in an elastomer material such as PPE, PP-R or PVC. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the projections rise obliquely from the abutment face. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein a face of the second side of the strip is convex, providing a curvature along the length of the cover strip. 18. A method for producing a flexible cover strip in an elastomer material, the method comprising:
extruding a strip having first and second sides, the strip comprising first and second ridges extending from a flat surface on the first side of the strip along the length of the strip; cutting the ridges transversally with respect to the length of the strip to provide pairs of projections with intervening spaces along the length of the strip; and cutting transversal tear lines surface between adjacent pairs of projections. 19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising creating a longitudinal tear line cut in the centre of the flat surface. 20. The method according to claim 18, wherein the elastomer material is soft PPE, PP-R or PVC. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein the projections rise obliquely from the abutment face. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein a face of the second side of the strip is convex, providing a curvature along the length of the cover strip. | 2,900 |
349,548 | 16,807,158 | 2,919 | The present disclosure discloses a foldable trolley, comprising a pull rod assembly, a front support, a rear support, an underframe folding assembly, a side frame folding assembly and a roller set; one end of the underframe folding assembly is hinged with the bottom of the front support, while the other end of the underframe folding assembly hinged with the bottom of the rear support; both sides of the front support and the rear support are connected with the side frame folding assemblies. Due to the arrangement of the underframe folding assembly and the side frame folding assembly, the trolley is contractile for folding in the front-back direction, occupying less space when the trolley is folded, and articles are transported when the trolley is unfolded, being convenient to carry. | 1. A foldable trolley, comprising a pull rod assembly, a front support, a rear support, an underframe folding assembly, a side frame folding assembly and a roller set, wherein one end of the underframe folding assembly is hinged with the bottom of the front support, and the other end of the underframe folding assembly hinged with the bottom of the rear support;
both sides of the front support and the rear support are connected with the side frame folding assemblies; the roller set is respectively connected to the bottom of the front support and the bottom of the rear support; the pull rod assembly is connected to the front support; the trolley presents a platy shape when in folding, and a rectangular shape when in unfolding. 2. The foldable trolley of claim 1, wherein both the front and rear supports are in the shape of closed rectangles, and are provided with an upper cross beam, a lower cross beam and two vertical beams respectively. 3. The foldable trolley of claim 2, wherein auxiliary beams are provided below the upper cross beams of both the front and rear supports. 4. The foldable trolley of claim 2, wherein each side frame folding assembly comprises a first long cross tube, a second long cross tube, a first short cross tube, a second short cross tube, a first connecting tube and a second connecting tube; the lower end of the first long cross tube is hinged with the lower end of the vertical beam of the front support; the upper end of the first long cross tube is hinged with the upper end of the second long cross tube to form a first hinging position; the lower end of the second long cross tube is hinged with the lower end of the vertical beam of the rear support; the lower end of the first short cross tube is hinged with the lower end of the second short cross tube to form a second hinging position; the upper end of the first short cross tube is hinged with one end of the first connecting tube; the other end of the first connecting tube is hinged with the upper end of the vertical beam of the front support; the upper end of the second short cross tube is hinged with one end of the second connecting tube; the other end of the second connecting tube is hinged with the upper end of the vertical beam of the rear support; the first short cross tube and the first long cross tube are mutually crosswise hinged; and the second short cross tube and the second long cross tube are mutually crosswise hinged. 5. The foldable trolley of claim 4, wherein a supporting tube is provided between the second hinging positions and the supporting tube is located below the underframe folding assembly. 6. The foldable trolley of claim 4, wherein when the trolley is unfolded, an included angle A of 80-90° is formed between the first connecting tube and the vertical beam of the front support, and another included angle B of 80-90° is formed between the second connecting tube and the vertical beam of the rear support; the first connecting tube, the second connecting tube and the first hinging position are at the same horizontal plane; and when the trolley is folded, the first connecting tube and the vertical beam of the front support have an included angle a of less than 10°, and the second connecting tube and the vertical beam of the rear support have an included angle b of less than 10°. 7. The foldable trolley of claim 2, wherein the roller set comprises two front wheels and two rear wheels; the front wheels are connected to the lower cross beam of the front support and the rear wheels are connected to the lower cross beam of the rear support. 8. The foldable trolley of claim 2, wherein the pull rod assembly comprises a first telescopic rod, a second telescopic rod and a handle; the lower end of the first telescopic rod is rotatably connected with the lower cross beam of the front support, and the upper end of the first telescopic rod is sleeved outside the lower end of the second telescopic rod; the sleeved part of the first and second telescopic rods is provided with a lock latch; the handle is mounted at the upper end of the second telescopic rod; the upper cross beam of the front support is provided with a limit clamp for clamping the first telescopic rod. 9. The foldable trolley of claim 2, wherein the underframe folding assembly comprises a front underframe and a rear underframe, the front end of the front underframe is hinged inside the lower end of the vertical beam of the front support; the front end of the rear underframe is hinged inside the lower end of the vertical beam of the rear support, and the rear end of the rear underframe is hinged with the rear end of the front underframe. 10. The foldable trolley of claim 9, wherein both the front and rear underframes are provided with a plurality of bearing beams respectively. | The present disclosure discloses a foldable trolley, comprising a pull rod assembly, a front support, a rear support, an underframe folding assembly, a side frame folding assembly and a roller set; one end of the underframe folding assembly is hinged with the bottom of the front support, while the other end of the underframe folding assembly hinged with the bottom of the rear support; both sides of the front support and the rear support are connected with the side frame folding assemblies. Due to the arrangement of the underframe folding assembly and the side frame folding assembly, the trolley is contractile for folding in the front-back direction, occupying less space when the trolley is folded, and articles are transported when the trolley is unfolded, being convenient to carry.1. A foldable trolley, comprising a pull rod assembly, a front support, a rear support, an underframe folding assembly, a side frame folding assembly and a roller set, wherein one end of the underframe folding assembly is hinged with the bottom of the front support, and the other end of the underframe folding assembly hinged with the bottom of the rear support;
both sides of the front support and the rear support are connected with the side frame folding assemblies; the roller set is respectively connected to the bottom of the front support and the bottom of the rear support; the pull rod assembly is connected to the front support; the trolley presents a platy shape when in folding, and a rectangular shape when in unfolding. 2. The foldable trolley of claim 1, wherein both the front and rear supports are in the shape of closed rectangles, and are provided with an upper cross beam, a lower cross beam and two vertical beams respectively. 3. The foldable trolley of claim 2, wherein auxiliary beams are provided below the upper cross beams of both the front and rear supports. 4. The foldable trolley of claim 2, wherein each side frame folding assembly comprises a first long cross tube, a second long cross tube, a first short cross tube, a second short cross tube, a first connecting tube and a second connecting tube; the lower end of the first long cross tube is hinged with the lower end of the vertical beam of the front support; the upper end of the first long cross tube is hinged with the upper end of the second long cross tube to form a first hinging position; the lower end of the second long cross tube is hinged with the lower end of the vertical beam of the rear support; the lower end of the first short cross tube is hinged with the lower end of the second short cross tube to form a second hinging position; the upper end of the first short cross tube is hinged with one end of the first connecting tube; the other end of the first connecting tube is hinged with the upper end of the vertical beam of the front support; the upper end of the second short cross tube is hinged with one end of the second connecting tube; the other end of the second connecting tube is hinged with the upper end of the vertical beam of the rear support; the first short cross tube and the first long cross tube are mutually crosswise hinged; and the second short cross tube and the second long cross tube are mutually crosswise hinged. 5. The foldable trolley of claim 4, wherein a supporting tube is provided between the second hinging positions and the supporting tube is located below the underframe folding assembly. 6. The foldable trolley of claim 4, wherein when the trolley is unfolded, an included angle A of 80-90° is formed between the first connecting tube and the vertical beam of the front support, and another included angle B of 80-90° is formed between the second connecting tube and the vertical beam of the rear support; the first connecting tube, the second connecting tube and the first hinging position are at the same horizontal plane; and when the trolley is folded, the first connecting tube and the vertical beam of the front support have an included angle a of less than 10°, and the second connecting tube and the vertical beam of the rear support have an included angle b of less than 10°. 7. The foldable trolley of claim 2, wherein the roller set comprises two front wheels and two rear wheels; the front wheels are connected to the lower cross beam of the front support and the rear wheels are connected to the lower cross beam of the rear support. 8. The foldable trolley of claim 2, wherein the pull rod assembly comprises a first telescopic rod, a second telescopic rod and a handle; the lower end of the first telescopic rod is rotatably connected with the lower cross beam of the front support, and the upper end of the first telescopic rod is sleeved outside the lower end of the second telescopic rod; the sleeved part of the first and second telescopic rods is provided with a lock latch; the handle is mounted at the upper end of the second telescopic rod; the upper cross beam of the front support is provided with a limit clamp for clamping the first telescopic rod. 9. The foldable trolley of claim 2, wherein the underframe folding assembly comprises a front underframe and a rear underframe, the front end of the front underframe is hinged inside the lower end of the vertical beam of the front support; the front end of the rear underframe is hinged inside the lower end of the vertical beam of the rear support, and the rear end of the rear underframe is hinged with the rear end of the front underframe. 10. The foldable trolley of claim 9, wherein both the front and rear underframes are provided with a plurality of bearing beams respectively. | 2,900 |
349,549 | 29,726,224 | 2,913 | A shifter detent plate configured to be installed within the shifter assembly of an automatic transmission has a shifter arm attached to a shifter handle to operably control gear shifting of an automatic transmission. The shifter detent plate has an upper stop surface positioned to enable slap shifting from first gear to second gear, and from second gear to third gear. | 1. A shifter detent plate configured to be installed within a shifter assembly having a shifter arm attached to a shifter handle to operably control gear shifting of an automatic transmission, the shifter detent plate comprising:
a stepped cam surface configured to support a crossbar; a forward stop surface at a first end of the stepped cam surface; a backward stop surface at a second end of the stepped cam surface opposite the first end of the stepped cam surface; a first-gear position configured to support the crossbar and put the automatic transmission into first gear, the first-gear position being at a first-gear position floor of the stepped cam surface and being at a first-gear angle from a pivot point of the shifter arm; a second-gear position configured to support the crossbar with the automatic transmission in second gear, the second-gear position being at a second-gear position floor of the stepped cam surface and being at a second-gear angle from said pivot point; an upper-stop configured to stop the crossbar, traveling forward from the first-gear position, at the second-gear angle of the second-gear position; and a vertical shift-path slot that allows the crossbar to drop down to rest upon the second-gear position floor of the of the stepped cam surface. 2. The shifter detent plate of claim 1, further comprising:
a third-gear position configured to support the crossbar with the automatic transmission in third gear, the third-gear position being at a third-gear position floor of the stepped cam surface and being at a third-gear angle from the pivot point. 3. The shifter detent plate of claim 2, wherein the shifter detent plate allows the shifter assembly to be slap shifted from the first-gear position to the second-gear position;
wherein the shifter detent plate allows the shifter assembly to be slap shifted from the second-gear position to the third-gear position. 4. The shifter detent plate of claim 1, further comprising:
a substantially vertical step between the first-gear position floor and the second-gear position floor; wherein a face of the substantially vertical step defines a side of the vertical shift-path slot. 5. The shifter detent plate of claim 4, further comprising:
two holes a predefined distance apart suitable for being mounted on a shifter base plate. 6. The shifter detent plate of claim 3, wherein the two holes are threaded holes. 7. The shifter detent plate of claim 1, wherein the vertical shift-path slot has a vertical shift-path slot factor VF within a range of from 1.25 to as much as 2.5. 8. The shifter detent plate of claim 7, wherein the vertical shift-path slot has a cam drop factor CDF within a range of from 0.75 to as much as 1.5. 9. The shifter detent plate of claim 1, further comprising:
a ramped section of the stepped cam between the first-gear position floor and the second-gear position floor. 10. The shifter detent plate of claim 8, further comprising:
an overdrive-gear position configured to support the crossbar with the automatic transmission in an overdrive gear, the overdrive-gear position being at an overdrive-gear position floor of the stepped cam surface and being at an overdrive-gear angle from the pivot point. | A shifter detent plate configured to be installed within the shifter assembly of an automatic transmission has a shifter arm attached to a shifter handle to operably control gear shifting of an automatic transmission. The shifter detent plate has an upper stop surface positioned to enable slap shifting from first gear to second gear, and from second gear to third gear.1. A shifter detent plate configured to be installed within a shifter assembly having a shifter arm attached to a shifter handle to operably control gear shifting of an automatic transmission, the shifter detent plate comprising:
a stepped cam surface configured to support a crossbar; a forward stop surface at a first end of the stepped cam surface; a backward stop surface at a second end of the stepped cam surface opposite the first end of the stepped cam surface; a first-gear position configured to support the crossbar and put the automatic transmission into first gear, the first-gear position being at a first-gear position floor of the stepped cam surface and being at a first-gear angle from a pivot point of the shifter arm; a second-gear position configured to support the crossbar with the automatic transmission in second gear, the second-gear position being at a second-gear position floor of the stepped cam surface and being at a second-gear angle from said pivot point; an upper-stop configured to stop the crossbar, traveling forward from the first-gear position, at the second-gear angle of the second-gear position; and a vertical shift-path slot that allows the crossbar to drop down to rest upon the second-gear position floor of the of the stepped cam surface. 2. The shifter detent plate of claim 1, further comprising:
a third-gear position configured to support the crossbar with the automatic transmission in third gear, the third-gear position being at a third-gear position floor of the stepped cam surface and being at a third-gear angle from the pivot point. 3. The shifter detent plate of claim 2, wherein the shifter detent plate allows the shifter assembly to be slap shifted from the first-gear position to the second-gear position;
wherein the shifter detent plate allows the shifter assembly to be slap shifted from the second-gear position to the third-gear position. 4. The shifter detent plate of claim 1, further comprising:
a substantially vertical step between the first-gear position floor and the second-gear position floor; wherein a face of the substantially vertical step defines a side of the vertical shift-path slot. 5. The shifter detent plate of claim 4, further comprising:
two holes a predefined distance apart suitable for being mounted on a shifter base plate. 6. The shifter detent plate of claim 3, wherein the two holes are threaded holes. 7. The shifter detent plate of claim 1, wherein the vertical shift-path slot has a vertical shift-path slot factor VF within a range of from 1.25 to as much as 2.5. 8. The shifter detent plate of claim 7, wherein the vertical shift-path slot has a cam drop factor CDF within a range of from 0.75 to as much as 1.5. 9. The shifter detent plate of claim 1, further comprising:
a ramped section of the stepped cam between the first-gear position floor and the second-gear position floor. 10. The shifter detent plate of claim 8, further comprising:
an overdrive-gear position configured to support the crossbar with the automatic transmission in an overdrive gear, the overdrive-gear position being at an overdrive-gear position floor of the stepped cam surface and being at an overdrive-gear angle from the pivot point. | 2,900 |
349,550 | 16,807,149 | 3,671 | An apparatus has a trailer with one or more wheels and a connector that connects the trailer to an automotive machine that mobilizes the trailer from a first position to a second position within a field of one or more plants. Further, the apparatus has a branch trimming device operably positioned on the trailer. Additionally, the apparatus has a conveyer belt operably positioned on the trailer. The conveyer belt receives a trimmed plant that has one or more branches trimmed off by the branch trimming device. The apparatus also has one more cutting devices. Finally, the apparatus has a tumbler that receives the trimmed plant from the conveyer belt and rotates with respect to the one or more cutting devices to cut the trimmed plant into the one or more buds. A bottom portion of the tumbler is positioned in proximity to the one or more cutting devices. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a trailer having one or more wheels and a connector that connects the trailer to an automotive machine that mobilizes the trailer from a first position to a second position within a field of one or more plants; a branch trimming device operably positioned on the trailer; a conveyer belt operably positioned on the trailer, the conveyer belt receiving a trimmed plant that has one or more branches trimmed off by the branch trimming device; one more cutting devices; and a tumbler that receives the trimmed plant from the conveyer belt and rotates with respect to the one or more cutting devices to cut the one or more buds from the trimmed plant, wherein a bottom portion of the tumbler is positioned in proximity to the one or more cutting devices. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising one or more seats positioned on the trailer. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the branch trimming device is positioned above the one or more seats. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the branch trimming device surrounds a receiving area for the trimmed plant onto which trimmed plant is received by the conveyer belt. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a first motor that operates the conveyer belt. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising a second motor that rotates the tumbler. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the tumbler is a cylindrical drum. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the cylindrical drum has one or more openings that are sized to allow the trimmed branches to pass through a bottom portion of the cylindrical drum, the one or more openings also being sized to prevent the one or more buds from passing through the bottom portion of the cylindrical drum. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the apparatus has a storage compartment positioned beneath the cylindrical drum, the storage compartment receiving and storing the trimmed branches after passage through the bottom portion of the cylindrical drum. 10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the cylindrical drum has a rear opening that is sized to allow the one or more buds to pass through a rear portion of the cylindrical drum. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the apparatus has a storage compartment positioned in proximity to the rear portion of the cylindrical drum, the storage compartment receiving and storing the one or more buds after passage through the rear portion of the cylindrical drum. 12. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising a cylindrical drum cover that partially covers the cylindrical drum, the cylindrical drum cover covering a top portion of the cylindrical drum without covering a bottom portion of the cylindrical drum. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the branch trimming device comprises one or more wedges through which the one or more branches are pulled from the trimmed plant. 14. A process comprising:
trimming, with a branch trimming device operably positioned at a trailer, one or more branches from a plant to form a trimmed plant, the trailer having one or more wheels and a connector that connects the trailer to an automotive machine that mobilizes the trailer from a first position to a second position within a field of one or more plants; receiving, via a conveyer belt operably positioned on the trailer, the trimmed plant; sending, via the conveyer belt, the trimmed plant to a tumbler; and rotating, via the tumbler, the trimmed plant with respect to the one or more cutting devices to cut one or more buds from the trimmed plant, wherein a bottom portion of the tumbler is positioned in proximity to the one or more cutting devices. 15. The process of claim 14, further comprising positioning one or more seats on the trailer. 16. The process of claim 15, further comprising positioning the branch trimming device above the one or more seats. 17. The process of claim 14, further comprising sizing one or more openings in the tumbler to allow the trimmed branches to pass through a bottom portion of the tumbler. 18. The process of claim 14, further comprising sizing one or more openings to prevent the one or more buds from passing through the bottom portion of the tumbler. 19. The process of claim 14, further comprising partially covering, with a tumbler cover, the tumbler such that a top portion of the tumbler is covered without covering a bottom portion of the tumbler. 20. The process of claim 14, further comprises pulling the one or more branches from the plant through the one or more wedges of the branch trimming device. | An apparatus has a trailer with one or more wheels and a connector that connects the trailer to an automotive machine that mobilizes the trailer from a first position to a second position within a field of one or more plants. Further, the apparatus has a branch trimming device operably positioned on the trailer. Additionally, the apparatus has a conveyer belt operably positioned on the trailer. The conveyer belt receives a trimmed plant that has one or more branches trimmed off by the branch trimming device. The apparatus also has one more cutting devices. Finally, the apparatus has a tumbler that receives the trimmed plant from the conveyer belt and rotates with respect to the one or more cutting devices to cut the trimmed plant into the one or more buds. A bottom portion of the tumbler is positioned in proximity to the one or more cutting devices.1. An apparatus comprising:
a trailer having one or more wheels and a connector that connects the trailer to an automotive machine that mobilizes the trailer from a first position to a second position within a field of one or more plants; a branch trimming device operably positioned on the trailer; a conveyer belt operably positioned on the trailer, the conveyer belt receiving a trimmed plant that has one or more branches trimmed off by the branch trimming device; one more cutting devices; and a tumbler that receives the trimmed plant from the conveyer belt and rotates with respect to the one or more cutting devices to cut the one or more buds from the trimmed plant, wherein a bottom portion of the tumbler is positioned in proximity to the one or more cutting devices. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising one or more seats positioned on the trailer. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the branch trimming device is positioned above the one or more seats. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the branch trimming device surrounds a receiving area for the trimmed plant onto which trimmed plant is received by the conveyer belt. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a first motor that operates the conveyer belt. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising a second motor that rotates the tumbler. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the tumbler is a cylindrical drum. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the cylindrical drum has one or more openings that are sized to allow the trimmed branches to pass through a bottom portion of the cylindrical drum, the one or more openings also being sized to prevent the one or more buds from passing through the bottom portion of the cylindrical drum. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the apparatus has a storage compartment positioned beneath the cylindrical drum, the storage compartment receiving and storing the trimmed branches after passage through the bottom portion of the cylindrical drum. 10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the cylindrical drum has a rear opening that is sized to allow the one or more buds to pass through a rear portion of the cylindrical drum. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the apparatus has a storage compartment positioned in proximity to the rear portion of the cylindrical drum, the storage compartment receiving and storing the one or more buds after passage through the rear portion of the cylindrical drum. 12. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising a cylindrical drum cover that partially covers the cylindrical drum, the cylindrical drum cover covering a top portion of the cylindrical drum without covering a bottom portion of the cylindrical drum. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the branch trimming device comprises one or more wedges through which the one or more branches are pulled from the trimmed plant. 14. A process comprising:
trimming, with a branch trimming device operably positioned at a trailer, one or more branches from a plant to form a trimmed plant, the trailer having one or more wheels and a connector that connects the trailer to an automotive machine that mobilizes the trailer from a first position to a second position within a field of one or more plants; receiving, via a conveyer belt operably positioned on the trailer, the trimmed plant; sending, via the conveyer belt, the trimmed plant to a tumbler; and rotating, via the tumbler, the trimmed plant with respect to the one or more cutting devices to cut one or more buds from the trimmed plant, wherein a bottom portion of the tumbler is positioned in proximity to the one or more cutting devices. 15. The process of claim 14, further comprising positioning one or more seats on the trailer. 16. The process of claim 15, further comprising positioning the branch trimming device above the one or more seats. 17. The process of claim 14, further comprising sizing one or more openings in the tumbler to allow the trimmed branches to pass through a bottom portion of the tumbler. 18. The process of claim 14, further comprising sizing one or more openings to prevent the one or more buds from passing through the bottom portion of the tumbler. 19. The process of claim 14, further comprising partially covering, with a tumbler cover, the tumbler such that a top portion of the tumbler is covered without covering a bottom portion of the tumbler. 20. The process of claim 14, further comprises pulling the one or more branches from the plant through the one or more wedges of the branch trimming device. | 3,600 |
349,551 | 16,873,232 | 3,618 | An aluminum or aluminum alloy wheel hub having at least one display opening for electrically operated display device and at least one interior channel anodized to a sufficient electrically insulative thickness, the channel is dimensioned to receive at least one electrically conductive element of a compact generator. The display device can be a LED device. The wheel hub is especially suited for roller skate, in-line skate, and skate board wheels. | 1. An aluminum or aluminum alloy wheel hub having at least one display opening for electrically operated display device and at least one interior channel anodized to a sufficient electrically insulative thickness, said channel dimensioned to receive at least one electrically conductive element, said channel extends into said opening from an interior space in said hub. 2. The wheel hub of claim 1, wherein said interior space comprises a space dimensioned to receive a compact generator for generating electricity positioned in said wheel hub. 3. The wheel hub of claim 1, wherein said interior space comprises a space dimensioned by an annular shoulder means dimensioned to receive and retain a compact generator for generating electricity positioned in said wheel hub. 4. The wheel hub of claim 1, wherein said interior space comprises a space defined by an annular shoulder dimensioned to receive and retain an armature assembly of a compact generator. 5. The wheel hub of claim 1, further comprising means for holding and retaining said electrically operated display device positioned in said at least one display opening. 6. The wheel of claim 5, wherein means for holding and retaining said electrically operated display device comprises shoulder means for holding and retaining said electrically operated device. 7. The wheel hub of claim 1, wherein said at least one interior channel comprises at least a first and a second interior anodized electrically channels anodized to sufficiently electrically insulative thickness extending into said display opening. 8. The wheel hub of claim 7, wherein said interior channels are offset from one another. 9. The wheel hub of claims 1, 7 and 8, wherein the wheel hub comprises two mating panels. 10. The wheel hub of claim 9, wherein one of said first and second channels is positioned on an interior surface of one of said mating panel and another one of said first and second channels is positioned in an interior surface of the other mating panel. 11. An aluminum or aluminum alloy wheel hub comprising a front panel having an exterior surface and an interior surface and rear panel having an exterior and an interior surfaces, said hub having at least one display opening for electrically operated display device, at least one interior channel in at least one of said front panel or rear interior surfaces anodized to a sufficient electrically insulative thickness, said channel dimensioned to receive at least one electrically conductive element, said channel extends into said opening from an interior space in said hub. 12. The wheel hub of claim 11, wherein said interior space comprises a space dimensioned by an annular shoulder means dimensioned to receive and retain a compact electric generator for generating electricity positioned in said wheel hub. 13. The wheel hub of claim 11, wherein said interior space comprises a space defined by an annular shoulder dimensioned to receive and retain an armature assembly of a compact generator. 14. The wheel hub of claim 11, further comprising means for holding and retaining said electrically operated display device positioned in said at least one display opening. 15. The wheel of claim 14, wherein means for holding and retaining said electrically operated display device comprises shoulder means for holding and retaining said electrically operated device. 16. The wheel hub of claim 11, wherein said at least one interior channel comprises at least a first and a second interior anodized channels anodized to sufficiently electrically insulative thickness extending into said display opening. 17. The wheel hub of claim 16 wherein said channels are offset from one another. 18. The wheel hub of claims 16, and 17, wherein one channel of said at least first and second interior anodized channels is positioned in one of said front panel and other interior anodized channel is positioned in the rear panel. 19. The wheel hub of claim 11, wherein said display opening is positioned in an outer rim of said hub. 20. A light emitting aluminum or aluminum alloy wheel hub and armature assembly for generating electricity having at least one display opening containing an electrically operated light emitting device, electrically conductive element means for electrically connecting said device to said armature assembly positioned in said wheel hub through at least one interior channel anodized to a sufficient electrically insulative thickness and dimensioned to receive said at least one electrically conductive element means, said channel extends into said opening from an interior space holding said armature in said hub. 21. The wheel hub of claim 20, wherein said wheel hub comprises 2 panels having said least interior channel anodized to a sufficient electrically insulative. 22. The wheel hub of claim 21, wherein said light emitting device is a LED. 23. The wheel hub of claim 20, wherein said display device is positioned in an outer rim of said wheel hub. 24. The wheel hub of claim 20, wherein said electrically conductive element comprises bare electrically conductive arms of said armature. 25. The wheel hub of claim 20, wherein said at least one interior channel comprises at least a first and a second interior anodized channels anodized to sufficiently electrically insulative thickness extending into said display opening. 26. The wheel hub of claim 25, wherein said interior channels are offset from one another. 27. The wheel hub of claims 20, and 26, wherein said wheel hub comprises two separate individual mating panels. 28. The wheel hub of claim 20, wherein said wheel hub has a rotatable permanent magnet assembly positioned in said wheel hub to generate electricity. 29. The wheel hub of claim 28, wherein wheel bearings are positioned in said hub to receive a wheel axle, 30. The wheel hub of claim 1, 11 or 20, wherein said wheel hub is positioned in at least one wheel of an apparatus selected from the group consisting of stroller, roller skate, in-line skate, aggressive skate, skate board, or wheel chair wheel. 31. A process of making the wheel hub of claim 1, 11 or 20, comprising, casting or machining aluminum or aluminum alloy to form said wheel hub; anodizing said wheel hub to a thickness sufficient to make said wheel hub electrically insulative. 32. The process of claim 31, further comprising inserting a compact electrical generator into operative position in said wheel hub. 33. The process of claim 32, further comprising positioning a light emitting device in a rim of said wheel hub in electrical contact with said compact generator. | An aluminum or aluminum alloy wheel hub having at least one display opening for electrically operated display device and at least one interior channel anodized to a sufficient electrically insulative thickness, the channel is dimensioned to receive at least one electrically conductive element of a compact generator. The display device can be a LED device. The wheel hub is especially suited for roller skate, in-line skate, and skate board wheels.1. An aluminum or aluminum alloy wheel hub having at least one display opening for electrically operated display device and at least one interior channel anodized to a sufficient electrically insulative thickness, said channel dimensioned to receive at least one electrically conductive element, said channel extends into said opening from an interior space in said hub. 2. The wheel hub of claim 1, wherein said interior space comprises a space dimensioned to receive a compact generator for generating electricity positioned in said wheel hub. 3. The wheel hub of claim 1, wherein said interior space comprises a space dimensioned by an annular shoulder means dimensioned to receive and retain a compact generator for generating electricity positioned in said wheel hub. 4. The wheel hub of claim 1, wherein said interior space comprises a space defined by an annular shoulder dimensioned to receive and retain an armature assembly of a compact generator. 5. The wheel hub of claim 1, further comprising means for holding and retaining said electrically operated display device positioned in said at least one display opening. 6. The wheel of claim 5, wherein means for holding and retaining said electrically operated display device comprises shoulder means for holding and retaining said electrically operated device. 7. The wheel hub of claim 1, wherein said at least one interior channel comprises at least a first and a second interior anodized electrically channels anodized to sufficiently electrically insulative thickness extending into said display opening. 8. The wheel hub of claim 7, wherein said interior channels are offset from one another. 9. The wheel hub of claims 1, 7 and 8, wherein the wheel hub comprises two mating panels. 10. The wheel hub of claim 9, wherein one of said first and second channels is positioned on an interior surface of one of said mating panel and another one of said first and second channels is positioned in an interior surface of the other mating panel. 11. An aluminum or aluminum alloy wheel hub comprising a front panel having an exterior surface and an interior surface and rear panel having an exterior and an interior surfaces, said hub having at least one display opening for electrically operated display device, at least one interior channel in at least one of said front panel or rear interior surfaces anodized to a sufficient electrically insulative thickness, said channel dimensioned to receive at least one electrically conductive element, said channel extends into said opening from an interior space in said hub. 12. The wheel hub of claim 11, wherein said interior space comprises a space dimensioned by an annular shoulder means dimensioned to receive and retain a compact electric generator for generating electricity positioned in said wheel hub. 13. The wheel hub of claim 11, wherein said interior space comprises a space defined by an annular shoulder dimensioned to receive and retain an armature assembly of a compact generator. 14. The wheel hub of claim 11, further comprising means for holding and retaining said electrically operated display device positioned in said at least one display opening. 15. The wheel of claim 14, wherein means for holding and retaining said electrically operated display device comprises shoulder means for holding and retaining said electrically operated device. 16. The wheel hub of claim 11, wherein said at least one interior channel comprises at least a first and a second interior anodized channels anodized to sufficiently electrically insulative thickness extending into said display opening. 17. The wheel hub of claim 16 wherein said channels are offset from one another. 18. The wheel hub of claims 16, and 17, wherein one channel of said at least first and second interior anodized channels is positioned in one of said front panel and other interior anodized channel is positioned in the rear panel. 19. The wheel hub of claim 11, wherein said display opening is positioned in an outer rim of said hub. 20. A light emitting aluminum or aluminum alloy wheel hub and armature assembly for generating electricity having at least one display opening containing an electrically operated light emitting device, electrically conductive element means for electrically connecting said device to said armature assembly positioned in said wheel hub through at least one interior channel anodized to a sufficient electrically insulative thickness and dimensioned to receive said at least one electrically conductive element means, said channel extends into said opening from an interior space holding said armature in said hub. 21. The wheel hub of claim 20, wherein said wheel hub comprises 2 panels having said least interior channel anodized to a sufficient electrically insulative. 22. The wheel hub of claim 21, wherein said light emitting device is a LED. 23. The wheel hub of claim 20, wherein said display device is positioned in an outer rim of said wheel hub. 24. The wheel hub of claim 20, wherein said electrically conductive element comprises bare electrically conductive arms of said armature. 25. The wheel hub of claim 20, wherein said at least one interior channel comprises at least a first and a second interior anodized channels anodized to sufficiently electrically insulative thickness extending into said display opening. 26. The wheel hub of claim 25, wherein said interior channels are offset from one another. 27. The wheel hub of claims 20, and 26, wherein said wheel hub comprises two separate individual mating panels. 28. The wheel hub of claim 20, wherein said wheel hub has a rotatable permanent magnet assembly positioned in said wheel hub to generate electricity. 29. The wheel hub of claim 28, wherein wheel bearings are positioned in said hub to receive a wheel axle, 30. The wheel hub of claim 1, 11 or 20, wherein said wheel hub is positioned in at least one wheel of an apparatus selected from the group consisting of stroller, roller skate, in-line skate, aggressive skate, skate board, or wheel chair wheel. 31. A process of making the wheel hub of claim 1, 11 or 20, comprising, casting or machining aluminum or aluminum alloy to form said wheel hub; anodizing said wheel hub to a thickness sufficient to make said wheel hub electrically insulative. 32. The process of claim 31, further comprising inserting a compact electrical generator into operative position in said wheel hub. 33. The process of claim 32, further comprising positioning a light emitting device in a rim of said wheel hub in electrical contact with said compact generator. | 3,600 |
349,552 | 16,807,138 | 3,618 | Provided are a semiconductor structure and a manufacturing method thereof. A first device structure layer is between a first substrate and a second substrate. A second device structure layer is between the second substrate and the first device structure layer. A first dielectric layer is between the first and second device structure layers. A second dielectric layer is on the second substrate. A through-silicon via (TSV) structure is in the second dielectric layer, the second substrate, the second device structure layer and the first dielectric layer. A connection pad is at the surface of the second dielectric layer and connected to the TSV structure. A first liner is between the TSV structure and the second dielectric layer, the second substrate and the second device structure layer. A second liner is between the top of the TSV structure and the second dielectric layer and a part of the second substrate. | 1. A semiconductor structure, comprising:
a first substrate; a second substrate disposed on the first substrate; a first device structure layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a second device structure layer disposed between the second substrate and the first device structure layer; a first dielectric layer disposed between the first device structure layer and the second device structure layer; a second dielectric layer disposed on the second substrate; a through-silicon via (TSV) structure disposed in the second dielectric layer, the second substrate, the second device structure layer, and the first dielectric layer and electrically connected to the first device structure layer; a connection pad disposed at a surface of the second dielectric layer and connected to the TSV structure; a first liner disposed at least between the TSV structure and the second dielectric layer, the second substrate, and the second device structure layer; and a second liner disposed on the first liner and located between the top of the TSV structure and the second dielectric layer and a part of the second substrate. 2. The semiconductor structure according to claim 1, wherein the second liner extends from the second dielectric layer to partially overlap the second substrate. 3. The semiconductor structure according to claim 1, wherein the first liner extends into the first dielectric layer. 4. The semiconductor structure according to claim 1, wherein the first liner and the second liner are made of a same material. 5. The semiconductor structure according to claim 1, wherein the first liner and the second liner are made of different materials. 6. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor structure, comprising:
providing a first substrate, wherein a first device structure layer is formed on the first substrate; providing a second substrate, wherein a second device structure layer is formed on the second substrate; bonding the first substrate to the second substrate through a first dielectric layer in such a manner that the first device structure layer and the second device structure layer face each other; forming a second dielectric layer on the second substrate; forming a through-silicon via (TSV) structure in the second dielectric layer, the second substrate, the second device structure layer, and the first dielectric layer, wherein the TSV structure is electrically connected to the first device structure layer; forming a first liner at least between the TSV structure and the second dielectric layer, the second substrate, and the second device structure layer; forming a second liner on the first liner, wherein the second liner is located between the top of the TSV structure and the second dielectric layer and a part of the second substrate; and forming a connection pad at a surface of the second dielectric layer, wherein the connection pad is connected to the TSV structure. 7. The method for manufacturing the semiconductor structure according to claim 6, wherein the second liner extends from the second dielectric layer to partially overlap the second substrate. 8. The method for manufacturing the semiconductor structure according to claim 6, wherein the first liner extends to a position between the TSV structure and the first dielectric layer. 9. The method for manufacturing the semiconductor structure according to claim 6, wherein a method for forming the TSV structure, the first liner, the second liner, and the connection pad comprises:
forming an opening at least in the second dielectric layer, the second substrate, and the second device structure layer; forming a first lining material layer on a sidewall of the opening; forming a patterned photoresist layer, wherein the opening and a part of the first lining material layer around the opening are exposed from the patterned photoresist layer, and the patterned photoresist layer partially fills the opening; forming a second lining material layer on the patterned photoresist layer and the first lining material layer; performing an anisotropic etching process using the patterned photoresist layer as a mask to remove a part of the first lining material layer, a part of the second lining material layer, and a part of the second dielectric layer to form a groove in the second dielectric layer, and to reserve a part of the first lining material layer on the sidewall and the bottom of the opening and a part of the second lining material layer on the first lining material layer; removing the patterned photoresist layer; removing the first lining material layer on the top surface of the second dielectric layer and the bottom of the opening, and removing the first dielectric layer below the opening to expose a part of the first device structure layer; and forming a conductive layer in the opening and the groove. 10. The method for manufacturing the semiconductor structure according to claim 6, wherein after bonding the first substrate to the second substrate and before forming the second dielectric layer, the method further comprises reducing a thickness of the second substrate. | Provided are a semiconductor structure and a manufacturing method thereof. A first device structure layer is between a first substrate and a second substrate. A second device structure layer is between the second substrate and the first device structure layer. A first dielectric layer is between the first and second device structure layers. A second dielectric layer is on the second substrate. A through-silicon via (TSV) structure is in the second dielectric layer, the second substrate, the second device structure layer and the first dielectric layer. A connection pad is at the surface of the second dielectric layer and connected to the TSV structure. A first liner is between the TSV structure and the second dielectric layer, the second substrate and the second device structure layer. A second liner is between the top of the TSV structure and the second dielectric layer and a part of the second substrate.1. A semiconductor structure, comprising:
a first substrate; a second substrate disposed on the first substrate; a first device structure layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a second device structure layer disposed between the second substrate and the first device structure layer; a first dielectric layer disposed between the first device structure layer and the second device structure layer; a second dielectric layer disposed on the second substrate; a through-silicon via (TSV) structure disposed in the second dielectric layer, the second substrate, the second device structure layer, and the first dielectric layer and electrically connected to the first device structure layer; a connection pad disposed at a surface of the second dielectric layer and connected to the TSV structure; a first liner disposed at least between the TSV structure and the second dielectric layer, the second substrate, and the second device structure layer; and a second liner disposed on the first liner and located between the top of the TSV structure and the second dielectric layer and a part of the second substrate. 2. The semiconductor structure according to claim 1, wherein the second liner extends from the second dielectric layer to partially overlap the second substrate. 3. The semiconductor structure according to claim 1, wherein the first liner extends into the first dielectric layer. 4. The semiconductor structure according to claim 1, wherein the first liner and the second liner are made of a same material. 5. The semiconductor structure according to claim 1, wherein the first liner and the second liner are made of different materials. 6. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor structure, comprising:
providing a first substrate, wherein a first device structure layer is formed on the first substrate; providing a second substrate, wherein a second device structure layer is formed on the second substrate; bonding the first substrate to the second substrate through a first dielectric layer in such a manner that the first device structure layer and the second device structure layer face each other; forming a second dielectric layer on the second substrate; forming a through-silicon via (TSV) structure in the second dielectric layer, the second substrate, the second device structure layer, and the first dielectric layer, wherein the TSV structure is electrically connected to the first device structure layer; forming a first liner at least between the TSV structure and the second dielectric layer, the second substrate, and the second device structure layer; forming a second liner on the first liner, wherein the second liner is located between the top of the TSV structure and the second dielectric layer and a part of the second substrate; and forming a connection pad at a surface of the second dielectric layer, wherein the connection pad is connected to the TSV structure. 7. The method for manufacturing the semiconductor structure according to claim 6, wherein the second liner extends from the second dielectric layer to partially overlap the second substrate. 8. The method for manufacturing the semiconductor structure according to claim 6, wherein the first liner extends to a position between the TSV structure and the first dielectric layer. 9. The method for manufacturing the semiconductor structure according to claim 6, wherein a method for forming the TSV structure, the first liner, the second liner, and the connection pad comprises:
forming an opening at least in the second dielectric layer, the second substrate, and the second device structure layer; forming a first lining material layer on a sidewall of the opening; forming a patterned photoresist layer, wherein the opening and a part of the first lining material layer around the opening are exposed from the patterned photoresist layer, and the patterned photoresist layer partially fills the opening; forming a second lining material layer on the patterned photoresist layer and the first lining material layer; performing an anisotropic etching process using the patterned photoresist layer as a mask to remove a part of the first lining material layer, a part of the second lining material layer, and a part of the second dielectric layer to form a groove in the second dielectric layer, and to reserve a part of the first lining material layer on the sidewall and the bottom of the opening and a part of the second lining material layer on the first lining material layer; removing the patterned photoresist layer; removing the first lining material layer on the top surface of the second dielectric layer and the bottom of the opening, and removing the first dielectric layer below the opening to expose a part of the first device structure layer; and forming a conductive layer in the opening and the groove. 10. The method for manufacturing the semiconductor structure according to claim 6, wherein after bonding the first substrate to the second substrate and before forming the second dielectric layer, the method further comprises reducing a thickness of the second substrate. | 3,600 |
349,553 | 16,807,128 | 3,618 | The disclosed technology teaches distributed routing and load balancing in a dynamic service chain: receiving and processing a packet, with added header including stream affinity code, at a first service instance and based on processing determining a second service, among available services, that should next handle the packet. The technology teaches accessing a flow table using the stream affinity code in the header to select a service instance performing the second service in the service chain, and routing the packet to the second service instance upon egress from the first service instance. When the flow table lacks an entry for the second service corresponding to the stream affinity code, the disclosed technology teaches accessing a consistent hash table of service instances performing the second service, selecting an available instance, and updating the flow table to specify the second service instance as providing the second service for packets sharing the header. | 1. A method of distributed routing and load balancing in a dynamic service chain, including:
receiving a packet for a subscriber at a first service instance, wherein the packet includes an added header, which includes a stream affinity code that is consistent for packets in a stream; processing the packet at the first service instance, wherein the first service instance performs a first service in a service chain; based on the processing, the first service instance determining a second service, among at least second and third services to which the subscriber has subscribed, that should next handle the packet; the first service instance accessing a flow table using the stream affinity code to select a second service instance, from among a plurality of service instances performing the second service, which performs the second service in the service chain; and the first service instance routing the packet to the selected second service instance upon egress from the first service instance. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the stream affinity code is included in an added IP header as IP source and IP destination. 3. The method of claim 2, further including the first service instance routing the packet to the selected second service instance by updating the added IP header with the IP destination of the selected second service instance. 4. The method of claim 1, further including hashing the stream affinity code to access the flow table. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the flow table lacks an entry for the second service corresponding to the stream affinity code in the added header, further including:
accessing a consistent hash table (abbreviated CHT) of service instances performing the second service; selecting an available instance using a six-tuple hash as a key to the CHT to select the second service instance; and updating the flow table to specify the second service instance as providing the second service for packets sharing the header. 6. The method of claim 5, further including selecting an alternate second service instance from the CHT and updating the flow table to specify the alternate second service instance. 7. The method of claim 5, further including a network service header (abbreviated NSH) in the added header, which includes a client ID, and wherein the six-tuple hash is generated using the client ID and using source IP, source port, destination IP, destination port and IP protocol number for the packet. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the service chain is a security service chain and at least the second and third services are security services. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein instances of the first, second and third services run in containers and the containers are hosted in pods. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein instances of the first, second and third services are implemented on virtual machines, bare metal servers or custom hardware. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the packet further includes an added UDP header, which includes UDP source and/or destination ports, wherein the UDP source and/or destination ports are random or pseudo random values that are consistent for packets in a stream; further including:
determining a core, from multiple cores running the second service instance, using the UDP source and/or destination values; and
forwarding the received packet to the determined core and applying the second service to the packet. 12. The method of claim 11, further including hashing values of the UDP source and/or destination ports to a hash key and using the hash key when determining the core. 13. A tangible non-transitory computer readable storage media, including program instructions loaded into memory that, when executed on processors cause the processors to implement a method of load balancing in a dynamic service chain, the method including:
receiving a packet for a subscriber at a first service instance, wherein the packet includes an added header, which includes a stream affinity code that is consistent for packets in a stream; processing the packet at the first service instance, wherein the first service instance performs a first service in a service chain; based on the processing, the first service instance determining a second service, among at least second and third services to which the subscriber has subscribed, that should next handle the packet; the first service instance accessing a flow table using the stream affinity code to select a second service instance, from among a plurality of service instances performing the second service, which performs the second service in the service chain; and the first service instance routing the packet to the selected second service instance upon egress from the first service instance. 14. The tangible non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 13, wherein the stream affinity code is included in an added IP header as IP source and destination and further including hashing the stream affinity code to access the flow table. 15. The tangible non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 13, wherein instances of the first, second and third services run in containers and containers are hosted in pods, and instances of service A and the service B are implemented on virtual machines, bare metal servers or custom hardware. 16. A system for distributed routing and load balancing in a dynamic service chain, the system including a processor, memory coupled to the processor and computer instructions from the non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 13 loaded into the memory. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein instances of the first, second and third services run in containers, the containers are hosted in pods, and first and second service nodes are hardware adapted to support the pods. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein instances of the first, second and third services include copies of a first code that implements multiple services. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein the flow table lacks an entry for the second service corresponding to the stream affinity code in the added header, further including:
accessing a consistent hash table (abbreviated CHT) of service instances performing the second service; selecting an available instance using a six-tuple hash as a key to the CHT to select the second service instance; and updating the flow table to specify the second service instance as providing the second service for packets sharing the header. 20. The system of claim 16, further including the packet carrying a service chain in a packet header and the second and third services being among services specified in the service chain. | The disclosed technology teaches distributed routing and load balancing in a dynamic service chain: receiving and processing a packet, with added header including stream affinity code, at a first service instance and based on processing determining a second service, among available services, that should next handle the packet. The technology teaches accessing a flow table using the stream affinity code in the header to select a service instance performing the second service in the service chain, and routing the packet to the second service instance upon egress from the first service instance. When the flow table lacks an entry for the second service corresponding to the stream affinity code, the disclosed technology teaches accessing a consistent hash table of service instances performing the second service, selecting an available instance, and updating the flow table to specify the second service instance as providing the second service for packets sharing the header.1. A method of distributed routing and load balancing in a dynamic service chain, including:
receiving a packet for a subscriber at a first service instance, wherein the packet includes an added header, which includes a stream affinity code that is consistent for packets in a stream; processing the packet at the first service instance, wherein the first service instance performs a first service in a service chain; based on the processing, the first service instance determining a second service, among at least second and third services to which the subscriber has subscribed, that should next handle the packet; the first service instance accessing a flow table using the stream affinity code to select a second service instance, from among a plurality of service instances performing the second service, which performs the second service in the service chain; and the first service instance routing the packet to the selected second service instance upon egress from the first service instance. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the stream affinity code is included in an added IP header as IP source and IP destination. 3. The method of claim 2, further including the first service instance routing the packet to the selected second service instance by updating the added IP header with the IP destination of the selected second service instance. 4. The method of claim 1, further including hashing the stream affinity code to access the flow table. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the flow table lacks an entry for the second service corresponding to the stream affinity code in the added header, further including:
accessing a consistent hash table (abbreviated CHT) of service instances performing the second service; selecting an available instance using a six-tuple hash as a key to the CHT to select the second service instance; and updating the flow table to specify the second service instance as providing the second service for packets sharing the header. 6. The method of claim 5, further including selecting an alternate second service instance from the CHT and updating the flow table to specify the alternate second service instance. 7. The method of claim 5, further including a network service header (abbreviated NSH) in the added header, which includes a client ID, and wherein the six-tuple hash is generated using the client ID and using source IP, source port, destination IP, destination port and IP protocol number for the packet. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the service chain is a security service chain and at least the second and third services are security services. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein instances of the first, second and third services run in containers and the containers are hosted in pods. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein instances of the first, second and third services are implemented on virtual machines, bare metal servers or custom hardware. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the packet further includes an added UDP header, which includes UDP source and/or destination ports, wherein the UDP source and/or destination ports are random or pseudo random values that are consistent for packets in a stream; further including:
determining a core, from multiple cores running the second service instance, using the UDP source and/or destination values; and
forwarding the received packet to the determined core and applying the second service to the packet. 12. The method of claim 11, further including hashing values of the UDP source and/or destination ports to a hash key and using the hash key when determining the core. 13. A tangible non-transitory computer readable storage media, including program instructions loaded into memory that, when executed on processors cause the processors to implement a method of load balancing in a dynamic service chain, the method including:
receiving a packet for a subscriber at a first service instance, wherein the packet includes an added header, which includes a stream affinity code that is consistent for packets in a stream; processing the packet at the first service instance, wherein the first service instance performs a first service in a service chain; based on the processing, the first service instance determining a second service, among at least second and third services to which the subscriber has subscribed, that should next handle the packet; the first service instance accessing a flow table using the stream affinity code to select a second service instance, from among a plurality of service instances performing the second service, which performs the second service in the service chain; and the first service instance routing the packet to the selected second service instance upon egress from the first service instance. 14. The tangible non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 13, wherein the stream affinity code is included in an added IP header as IP source and destination and further including hashing the stream affinity code to access the flow table. 15. The tangible non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 13, wherein instances of the first, second and third services run in containers and containers are hosted in pods, and instances of service A and the service B are implemented on virtual machines, bare metal servers or custom hardware. 16. A system for distributed routing and load balancing in a dynamic service chain, the system including a processor, memory coupled to the processor and computer instructions from the non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 13 loaded into the memory. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein instances of the first, second and third services run in containers, the containers are hosted in pods, and first and second service nodes are hardware adapted to support the pods. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein instances of the first, second and third services include copies of a first code that implements multiple services. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein the flow table lacks an entry for the second service corresponding to the stream affinity code in the added header, further including:
accessing a consistent hash table (abbreviated CHT) of service instances performing the second service; selecting an available instance using a six-tuple hash as a key to the CHT to select the second service instance; and updating the flow table to specify the second service instance as providing the second service for packets sharing the header. 20. The system of claim 16, further including the packet carrying a service chain in a packet header and the second and third services being among services specified in the service chain. | 3,600 |
349,554 | 16,807,132 | 3,618 | The technology discloses a method of improved recovery from failure of a service instance in a service chain. Instances AA, BA and BB perform services A and B respectively. Instance BA receives from instance AA a first packet that includes an added header with a stream affinity code consistent for packets in the stream. Instance BA with a primary role specified in a distributed service map processes the packet. BA identifies BB as having a secondary role for packets carrying the code and synchronizes BA state information with BB after processing the packet. After failure of instance BA, instance AA receives an updated service map prepares to forward a second packet, with the same code as the first packet, to BA. After determining from the updated map that BA is no longer available and instance BB has the secondary role, AA forwards the second packet to BB, instead of BA. | 1. A method of improved recovery from failure of a service instance, in a service chain of services that perform at least services A and B, using service instance AA and service instances BA and BB to perform the services A and B, respectively, the method including:
the service instance BA receiving from the service instance AA a first packet in a stream for a subscriber, wherein the first packet includes an added header which includes a stream affinity code that is consistent for packets in the stream; the service instance BA, in a primary role specified in a service map distributed to service instances, processing the first packet by performing service B; the service instance BA identifying the service instance BB as having a secondary role for packets carrying the stream affinity code, which is specified in the service map distributed to service instances, and synchronizing service instance BA state information with the service instance BB after processing the first packet; after failure of the service instance BA, the service instance AA receiving an updated service map, and preparing to forward a second packet, which includes the same stream affinity code as the first packet, to the service instance BA for performance of the service B, including: determining from the updated service map that the service instance BA is no longer available; determining from the updated service map that the service instance BB has the secondary role; and forwarding the second packet to the service instance BB instead of the service instance BA. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the service chain is a security service chain for a subscriber and at least the service B is a security service. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the stream affinity code is included in an added header as an added IP header as IP source and destination. 4. The method of claim 1, further including the packet carrying a service chain for a subscriber in an added packet header and the service B being among services specified in the service chain. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein instances of the service A and the service B run in containers and the containers are hosted in pods. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein instances of the service A and the service B are implemented on virtual machines, bare metal servers or custom hardware. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein failure of the service instance BA is detected by a monitoring agent, including:
monitoring the service instance BA for packet processing activity; and causing updating of the service map for the service B to remove the service instance BA from availability should it be inactive for a configurable predetermined amount of time. 8. The method of claim 1, further including the service instance BB:
processing the second packet and based on the processing: identifying a next service, among at least two additional services to which the subscriber has subscribed, that should next handle the packet; and routing the processed second packet to the identified next service upon egress from the service instance BB. 9. The method of claim 1, further including processing a plurality of packets in a stream through the service chain of services and directing the packets for processing, as a document, to a cloud access security broker (abbreviated CASB) that controls exfiltration of sensitive content in documents stored on cloud-based services in use by users of an organization, by monitoring manipulation of the documents. 10. A tangible non-transitory computer readable storage media, including program instructions loaded into memory that, when executed on processors, cause the processors to implement a method of improved recovery from failure of a service instance in a service chain of services that perform at least services A and B, using service instance AA and service instances BA and BB to perform the services A and B, respectively, the method including:
the service instance BA receiving from the service instance AA a first packet in a stream for a subscriber, wherein the first packet includes an added header which includes a stream affinity code that is consistent for packets in the stream; the service instance BA, in a primary role specified in a service map distributed to service instances, processing the first packet by performing service B; the service instance BA identifying the service instance BB as having a secondary role for packets carrying the stream affinity code, which is specified in the service map distributed to service instances, and synchronizing service instance BA state information with the service instance BB after processing the first packet; after failure of the service instance BA, the service instance AA receiving an updated service map, and preparing to forward a second packet, which includes the same stream affinity code as the first packet, to the service instance BA for performance of the service B, including: determining from the updated service map that the service instance BA is no longer available; and determining from the updated service map that the service instance BB has the secondary role; and forwarding the second packet to the service instance BB instead of the service instance BA. 11. The tangible non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 10, wherein the service chain is a security service chain for a subscriber and at least the service B is a security service. 12. The tangible non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 10, wherein the stream affinity code is included in an added header as an added IP header as IP source and destination. 13. The tangible non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 10, wherein instances of the service A and the service B run in containers and the containers are hosted in pods. 14. The tangible non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 10, wherein instances of the service A and the service B are implemented on virtual machines, bare metal servers or custom hardware. 15. The tangible non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 10, further including the service instance BB:
processing the second packet and based on the processing:
identifying a next service, among at least two additional services to which the subscriber has subscribed, that should next handle the packet; and
routing the processed second packet to the identified next service upon egress from the service instance BB. 16. A system for improved recovery from failure of a service instance in a service chain of services that perform at least services A and B, using service instance AA and service instances BA and BB to perform the services A and B, respectively, the system including a processor, memory coupled to the processor, and computer instructions from the non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 10 loaded into the memory. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the stream affinity code is included in an added header as an added IP header as IP source and destination. 18. The system of claim 16, further including the packet carrying a service chain for a subscriber in an added packet header and the service B being among services specified in the service chain. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein failure of the service instance BA is detected by a monitoring agent, including:
monitoring the service instance BA, for packet processing activity; and causing updating of the service map for the service B to remove the service instance BA from availability should it be inactive for a configurable predetermined amount of time. 20. The system of claim 16, further including, processing a plurality of packets in a stream through the service chain of services and directing the packets for processing, as a document, to a cloud access security broker (abbreviated CASB) that controls exfiltration of sensitive content in documents stored on cloud-based services in use by users of an organization, by monitoring manipulation of documents. | The technology discloses a method of improved recovery from failure of a service instance in a service chain. Instances AA, BA and BB perform services A and B respectively. Instance BA receives from instance AA a first packet that includes an added header with a stream affinity code consistent for packets in the stream. Instance BA with a primary role specified in a distributed service map processes the packet. BA identifies BB as having a secondary role for packets carrying the code and synchronizes BA state information with BB after processing the packet. After failure of instance BA, instance AA receives an updated service map prepares to forward a second packet, with the same code as the first packet, to BA. After determining from the updated map that BA is no longer available and instance BB has the secondary role, AA forwards the second packet to BB, instead of BA.1. A method of improved recovery from failure of a service instance, in a service chain of services that perform at least services A and B, using service instance AA and service instances BA and BB to perform the services A and B, respectively, the method including:
the service instance BA receiving from the service instance AA a first packet in a stream for a subscriber, wherein the first packet includes an added header which includes a stream affinity code that is consistent for packets in the stream; the service instance BA, in a primary role specified in a service map distributed to service instances, processing the first packet by performing service B; the service instance BA identifying the service instance BB as having a secondary role for packets carrying the stream affinity code, which is specified in the service map distributed to service instances, and synchronizing service instance BA state information with the service instance BB after processing the first packet; after failure of the service instance BA, the service instance AA receiving an updated service map, and preparing to forward a second packet, which includes the same stream affinity code as the first packet, to the service instance BA for performance of the service B, including: determining from the updated service map that the service instance BA is no longer available; determining from the updated service map that the service instance BB has the secondary role; and forwarding the second packet to the service instance BB instead of the service instance BA. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the service chain is a security service chain for a subscriber and at least the service B is a security service. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the stream affinity code is included in an added header as an added IP header as IP source and destination. 4. The method of claim 1, further including the packet carrying a service chain for a subscriber in an added packet header and the service B being among services specified in the service chain. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein instances of the service A and the service B run in containers and the containers are hosted in pods. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein instances of the service A and the service B are implemented on virtual machines, bare metal servers or custom hardware. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein failure of the service instance BA is detected by a monitoring agent, including:
monitoring the service instance BA for packet processing activity; and causing updating of the service map for the service B to remove the service instance BA from availability should it be inactive for a configurable predetermined amount of time. 8. The method of claim 1, further including the service instance BB:
processing the second packet and based on the processing: identifying a next service, among at least two additional services to which the subscriber has subscribed, that should next handle the packet; and routing the processed second packet to the identified next service upon egress from the service instance BB. 9. The method of claim 1, further including processing a plurality of packets in a stream through the service chain of services and directing the packets for processing, as a document, to a cloud access security broker (abbreviated CASB) that controls exfiltration of sensitive content in documents stored on cloud-based services in use by users of an organization, by monitoring manipulation of the documents. 10. A tangible non-transitory computer readable storage media, including program instructions loaded into memory that, when executed on processors, cause the processors to implement a method of improved recovery from failure of a service instance in a service chain of services that perform at least services A and B, using service instance AA and service instances BA and BB to perform the services A and B, respectively, the method including:
the service instance BA receiving from the service instance AA a first packet in a stream for a subscriber, wherein the first packet includes an added header which includes a stream affinity code that is consistent for packets in the stream; the service instance BA, in a primary role specified in a service map distributed to service instances, processing the first packet by performing service B; the service instance BA identifying the service instance BB as having a secondary role for packets carrying the stream affinity code, which is specified in the service map distributed to service instances, and synchronizing service instance BA state information with the service instance BB after processing the first packet; after failure of the service instance BA, the service instance AA receiving an updated service map, and preparing to forward a second packet, which includes the same stream affinity code as the first packet, to the service instance BA for performance of the service B, including: determining from the updated service map that the service instance BA is no longer available; and determining from the updated service map that the service instance BB has the secondary role; and forwarding the second packet to the service instance BB instead of the service instance BA. 11. The tangible non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 10, wherein the service chain is a security service chain for a subscriber and at least the service B is a security service. 12. The tangible non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 10, wherein the stream affinity code is included in an added header as an added IP header as IP source and destination. 13. The tangible non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 10, wherein instances of the service A and the service B run in containers and the containers are hosted in pods. 14. The tangible non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 10, wherein instances of the service A and the service B are implemented on virtual machines, bare metal servers or custom hardware. 15. The tangible non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 10, further including the service instance BB:
processing the second packet and based on the processing:
identifying a next service, among at least two additional services to which the subscriber has subscribed, that should next handle the packet; and
routing the processed second packet to the identified next service upon egress from the service instance BB. 16. A system for improved recovery from failure of a service instance in a service chain of services that perform at least services A and B, using service instance AA and service instances BA and BB to perform the services A and B, respectively, the system including a processor, memory coupled to the processor, and computer instructions from the non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 10 loaded into the memory. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the stream affinity code is included in an added header as an added IP header as IP source and destination. 18. The system of claim 16, further including the packet carrying a service chain for a subscriber in an added packet header and the service B being among services specified in the service chain. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein failure of the service instance BA is detected by a monitoring agent, including:
monitoring the service instance BA, for packet processing activity; and causing updating of the service map for the service B to remove the service instance BA from availability should it be inactive for a configurable predetermined amount of time. 20. The system of claim 16, further including, processing a plurality of packets in a stream through the service chain of services and directing the packets for processing, as a document, to a cloud access security broker (abbreviated CASB) that controls exfiltration of sensitive content in documents stored on cloud-based services in use by users of an organization, by monitoring manipulation of documents. | 3,600 |
349,555 | 16,807,148 | 1,747 | The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for controlling disabling of an electronic smoking device. An electronic smoking device includes a body through which a flow path at least partially extends, an air inlet in the body that is fluidly connected to the flow path, a liquid compartment for storing a liquid within the body, a vaporizer positioned in the body and configured to receive liquid from the liquid compartment and air from the flow path to generate vaporized liquid, an outlet in the body configured to receive vaporized liquid from the vaporizer, and circuitry connected to the vaporizer. In one embodiment, the circuitry is configured to shut off the electronic smoking device based on activation time of the vaporizer. In another embodiment, the circuitry is configured to shut off the electronic smoking device after a determined amount of usage has occurred. | 1. An electronic smoking device comprising the following:
a body through which a flow path at least partially extends; an air inlet in the body that is fluidly connected to the flow path; a liquid compartment for storing a liquid within the body; a vaporizer positioned in the body and configured to receive liquid from the liquid compartment and air from the flow path to generate vaporized liquid; an outlet in the body configured to receive vaporized liquid from the vaporizer; and circuitry connected to the vaporizer, the circuitry configured to shut off the electronic smoking device based on activation time of the vaporizer— exceeding a predetermined period of time, and control periodic dosage over a predefined time interval less than the a predefined life of the electronic smoking device. 2. The electronic smoking device of claim 1, wherein the circuitry is configured to limit vaporizer activation over the predefined life of the electronic smoking device. 3. The electronic smoking device of claim 2, wherein the circuitry is configured to execute the following commands:
determine how long a vaporizer has been cumulatively active; activate the vaporizer if the vaporizer has been activated a cumulative amount of time less than a predetermined total time limit; and permanently disable the electronic smoking device if the cumulative amount of time is equal to or greater than the predetermined total time limit. 4. The electronic smoking device of claim 3, wherein the predetermined total time limit comprises a constant that sets a total period of time the vaporizer may stay turned on during a product life of the electronic smoking device. 6. The electronic smoking device of claim 3, wherein the cumulative amount of time comprises a count value that indicates the total time the vaporizer has been turned on during a product life of the electronic smoking device. 7. The electronic smoking device of claim 1, wherein the circuitry is configured to execute the following commands:
determine how long a vaporizer has been periodically active; activate the vaporizer if the vaporizer has been activated a periodic amount of time less than a predetermined interval time limit; and idle the vaporizer if the vaporizer has been activated a periodic amount of time equal to or greater than the predetermined interval time limit. 8. The electronic smoking device of claim 7, wherein the periodic amount of time comprises a period of time the vaporizer has been turned on since the last time the vaporizer has been turned on. 9. The electronic smoking device of claim 7, wherein the predetermined interval time limit comprises a constant that sets a limit for the time period the vaporizer may stay turned on during any given period of time. 10. An electronic smoking device comprising the following:
a housing; a liquid compartment for storing a liquid within the housing; a vaporizer positioned in the housing and configured to receive liquid from the liquid compartment; circuitry connected to the vaporizer, the circuitry configured to shut off the electronic smoking device after a determined amount of usage has occurred that exceeds a predetermined limit; and a sensor for determining usage; wherein the circuitry is further configured to incapacitate the sensor if the determined amount of usage exceeds the predetermined limit. 11. The electronic smoking device of claim 10, wherein the determined amount of usage is cumulative vaporizer activation time. 12. The electronic smoking device of claim 11, wherein the circuitry is configured to permanently disable the electronic smoking device if the determined amount of usage exceeds the predetermined limit stored in the circuitry. 13. The electronic smoking device of claim 10, wherein the determined amount of usage is periodic vaporizer activation time. 14. The electronic smoking device of claim 13, wherein the circuitry is configured to shut off the electronic smoking device by ceasing power delivery to the vaporizer if the determined amount of usage exceeds the predetermined limit stored in the circuitry. | The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for controlling disabling of an electronic smoking device. An electronic smoking device includes a body through which a flow path at least partially extends, an air inlet in the body that is fluidly connected to the flow path, a liquid compartment for storing a liquid within the body, a vaporizer positioned in the body and configured to receive liquid from the liquid compartment and air from the flow path to generate vaporized liquid, an outlet in the body configured to receive vaporized liquid from the vaporizer, and circuitry connected to the vaporizer. In one embodiment, the circuitry is configured to shut off the electronic smoking device based on activation time of the vaporizer. In another embodiment, the circuitry is configured to shut off the electronic smoking device after a determined amount of usage has occurred.1. An electronic smoking device comprising the following:
a body through which a flow path at least partially extends; an air inlet in the body that is fluidly connected to the flow path; a liquid compartment for storing a liquid within the body; a vaporizer positioned in the body and configured to receive liquid from the liquid compartment and air from the flow path to generate vaporized liquid; an outlet in the body configured to receive vaporized liquid from the vaporizer; and circuitry connected to the vaporizer, the circuitry configured to shut off the electronic smoking device based on activation time of the vaporizer— exceeding a predetermined period of time, and control periodic dosage over a predefined time interval less than the a predefined life of the electronic smoking device. 2. The electronic smoking device of claim 1, wherein the circuitry is configured to limit vaporizer activation over the predefined life of the electronic smoking device. 3. The electronic smoking device of claim 2, wherein the circuitry is configured to execute the following commands:
determine how long a vaporizer has been cumulatively active; activate the vaporizer if the vaporizer has been activated a cumulative amount of time less than a predetermined total time limit; and permanently disable the electronic smoking device if the cumulative amount of time is equal to or greater than the predetermined total time limit. 4. The electronic smoking device of claim 3, wherein the predetermined total time limit comprises a constant that sets a total period of time the vaporizer may stay turned on during a product life of the electronic smoking device. 6. The electronic smoking device of claim 3, wherein the cumulative amount of time comprises a count value that indicates the total time the vaporizer has been turned on during a product life of the electronic smoking device. 7. The electronic smoking device of claim 1, wherein the circuitry is configured to execute the following commands:
determine how long a vaporizer has been periodically active; activate the vaporizer if the vaporizer has been activated a periodic amount of time less than a predetermined interval time limit; and idle the vaporizer if the vaporizer has been activated a periodic amount of time equal to or greater than the predetermined interval time limit. 8. The electronic smoking device of claim 7, wherein the periodic amount of time comprises a period of time the vaporizer has been turned on since the last time the vaporizer has been turned on. 9. The electronic smoking device of claim 7, wherein the predetermined interval time limit comprises a constant that sets a limit for the time period the vaporizer may stay turned on during any given period of time. 10. An electronic smoking device comprising the following:
a housing; a liquid compartment for storing a liquid within the housing; a vaporizer positioned in the housing and configured to receive liquid from the liquid compartment; circuitry connected to the vaporizer, the circuitry configured to shut off the electronic smoking device after a determined amount of usage has occurred that exceeds a predetermined limit; and a sensor for determining usage; wherein the circuitry is further configured to incapacitate the sensor if the determined amount of usage exceeds the predetermined limit. 11. The electronic smoking device of claim 10, wherein the determined amount of usage is cumulative vaporizer activation time. 12. The electronic smoking device of claim 11, wherein the circuitry is configured to permanently disable the electronic smoking device if the determined amount of usage exceeds the predetermined limit stored in the circuitry. 13. The electronic smoking device of claim 10, wherein the determined amount of usage is periodic vaporizer activation time. 14. The electronic smoking device of claim 13, wherein the circuitry is configured to shut off the electronic smoking device by ceasing power delivery to the vaporizer if the determined amount of usage exceeds the predetermined limit stored in the circuitry. | 1,700 |
349,556 | 16,807,136 | 2,632 | A signal isolation system includes an external device; and a signal isolation circuit, coupled to the external device, including a control circuit, configured to operate the signal isolation circuit in an input mode or an output mode according to a status of the external device; a digital input/output circuit, configured to input/output signal based on the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit; and an input/output port, coupled to the digital input/output circuit, configured to be an input port or an output port according to the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit. | 1. A signal isolation system, comprising:
an external device; and a signal isolation circuit, coupled to the external device, comprising:
a control circuit, configured to operate the signal isolation circuit in an input mode or an output mode according to a status of the external device;
a digital input/output circuit, configured to input/output signal based on the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit; and
an input/output port, coupled to the digital input/output circuit, configured to be an input port or an output port according to the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit. 2. The signal isolation system of claim 1, wherein the digital input/output circuit comprises:
an input optical coupler, coupled to the control circuit and a plurality of input switches, such that the control circuit conducts the plurality of input switches to transmit a digital input signal generated by the external device to the control circuit, when the control circuit operates the signal isolation circuit in the input mode; and an output optical coupler, coupled to the control circuit and a plurality of output switches, such that the control circuit conducts the plurality of output switches to transmit a digital output signal to the external device, when the control circuit operates the signal isolation circuit in the output mode. 3. The signal isolation system of claim 2, wherein the plurality of input switches and the plurality of output switches are Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). 4. The signal isolation system of claim 1, wherein the signal isolation circuit further comprises:
a manual mode pin, coupled to the external device, configured to receive a status signal of the external device and transmit the status signal to the control circuit, such that the control circuit determines to operate the signal isolation circuit in the input mode or the output mode; and an automatic mode pin, coupled to the external device, configured to confirm the status signal from the external device via a serial communication BUS, such that the control circuit determines to operate the signal isolation circuit in the input mode or the output mode. 5. A signal isolation circuit, comprising:
a control circuit, configured to operate the signal isolation circuit in an input mode or an output mode according to a status of the external device; a digital input/output circuit, configured to input/output signal based on the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit; and an input/output port, coupled to the digital input/output circuit, configured to be an input port or an output port according to the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit. 6. The signal isolation circuit of claim 5, wherein the digital input/output circuit comprises:
an input optical coupler, having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to a first input switch and a second input switch, and is coupled to a primary power source via the first input switch, the second terminal is coupled to the control circuit and a secondary power source, such that the control circuit conducts the first input switch and the second input switch to transmit a digital input signal generated by the external device to the control circuit, when the control circuit operates the signal isolation circuit in the input mode. 7. The signal isolation circuit of claim 6, wherein the first input switch and the second input switch are Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). 8. The signal isolation circuit of claim 5, wherein the digital input/output circuit comprises:
an output optical coupler, having a first terminal and a second terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to a first output switch and a second output switch, and coupled to a primary power source via the first output switch, the second terminal is coupled to the control circuit and a secondary power source, such that the control circuit conducts the first output switch and the second output switch to transmit a digital output signal to the external device, when the control circuit operates the signal isolation circuit in the output mode. 9. The signal isolation circuit of claim 8, wherein the first output switch and the second output switch are Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). 10. The signal isolation circuit of claim 5, wherein the signal isolation circuit further comprises:
a manual mode pin, coupled to the external device, configured to receive a status signal of the external device and transmit the status signal to the control circuit, such that the control circuit determines to operate the signal isolation circuit in the input mode or the output mode; and an automatic mode pin, coupled to the external device, configured to confirm the status signal from the external device via a serial communication BUS, such that the control circuit determines to operate the signal isolation circuit in the input mode or the output mode. | A signal isolation system includes an external device; and a signal isolation circuit, coupled to the external device, including a control circuit, configured to operate the signal isolation circuit in an input mode or an output mode according to a status of the external device; a digital input/output circuit, configured to input/output signal based on the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit; and an input/output port, coupled to the digital input/output circuit, configured to be an input port or an output port according to the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit.1. A signal isolation system, comprising:
an external device; and a signal isolation circuit, coupled to the external device, comprising:
a control circuit, configured to operate the signal isolation circuit in an input mode or an output mode according to a status of the external device;
a digital input/output circuit, configured to input/output signal based on the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit; and
an input/output port, coupled to the digital input/output circuit, configured to be an input port or an output port according to the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit. 2. The signal isolation system of claim 1, wherein the digital input/output circuit comprises:
an input optical coupler, coupled to the control circuit and a plurality of input switches, such that the control circuit conducts the plurality of input switches to transmit a digital input signal generated by the external device to the control circuit, when the control circuit operates the signal isolation circuit in the input mode; and an output optical coupler, coupled to the control circuit and a plurality of output switches, such that the control circuit conducts the plurality of output switches to transmit a digital output signal to the external device, when the control circuit operates the signal isolation circuit in the output mode. 3. The signal isolation system of claim 2, wherein the plurality of input switches and the plurality of output switches are Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). 4. The signal isolation system of claim 1, wherein the signal isolation circuit further comprises:
a manual mode pin, coupled to the external device, configured to receive a status signal of the external device and transmit the status signal to the control circuit, such that the control circuit determines to operate the signal isolation circuit in the input mode or the output mode; and an automatic mode pin, coupled to the external device, configured to confirm the status signal from the external device via a serial communication BUS, such that the control circuit determines to operate the signal isolation circuit in the input mode or the output mode. 5. A signal isolation circuit, comprising:
a control circuit, configured to operate the signal isolation circuit in an input mode or an output mode according to a status of the external device; a digital input/output circuit, configured to input/output signal based on the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit; and an input/output port, coupled to the digital input/output circuit, configured to be an input port or an output port according to the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit. 6. The signal isolation circuit of claim 5, wherein the digital input/output circuit comprises:
an input optical coupler, having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to a first input switch and a second input switch, and is coupled to a primary power source via the first input switch, the second terminal is coupled to the control circuit and a secondary power source, such that the control circuit conducts the first input switch and the second input switch to transmit a digital input signal generated by the external device to the control circuit, when the control circuit operates the signal isolation circuit in the input mode. 7. The signal isolation circuit of claim 6, wherein the first input switch and the second input switch are Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). 8. The signal isolation circuit of claim 5, wherein the digital input/output circuit comprises:
an output optical coupler, having a first terminal and a second terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to a first output switch and a second output switch, and coupled to a primary power source via the first output switch, the second terminal is coupled to the control circuit and a secondary power source, such that the control circuit conducts the first output switch and the second output switch to transmit a digital output signal to the external device, when the control circuit operates the signal isolation circuit in the output mode. 9. The signal isolation circuit of claim 8, wherein the first output switch and the second output switch are Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). 10. The signal isolation circuit of claim 5, wherein the signal isolation circuit further comprises:
a manual mode pin, coupled to the external device, configured to receive a status signal of the external device and transmit the status signal to the control circuit, such that the control circuit determines to operate the signal isolation circuit in the input mode or the output mode; and an automatic mode pin, coupled to the external device, configured to confirm the status signal from the external device via a serial communication BUS, such that the control circuit determines to operate the signal isolation circuit in the input mode or the output mode. | 2,600 |
349,557 | 29,726,210 | 2,923 | A signal isolation system includes an external device; and a signal isolation circuit, coupled to the external device, including a control circuit, configured to operate the signal isolation circuit in an input mode or an output mode according to a status of the external device; a digital input/output circuit, configured to input/output signal based on the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit; and an input/output port, coupled to the digital input/output circuit, configured to be an input port or an output port according to the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit. | 1. A signal isolation system, comprising:
an external device; and a signal isolation circuit, coupled to the external device, comprising:
a control circuit, configured to operate the signal isolation circuit in an input mode or an output mode according to a status of the external device;
a digital input/output circuit, configured to input/output signal based on the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit; and
an input/output port, coupled to the digital input/output circuit, configured to be an input port or an output port according to the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit. 2. The signal isolation system of claim 1, wherein the digital input/output circuit comprises:
an input optical coupler, coupled to the control circuit and a plurality of input switches, such that the control circuit conducts the plurality of input switches to transmit a digital input signal generated by the external device to the control circuit, when the control circuit operates the signal isolation circuit in the input mode; and an output optical coupler, coupled to the control circuit and a plurality of output switches, such that the control circuit conducts the plurality of output switches to transmit a digital output signal to the external device, when the control circuit operates the signal isolation circuit in the output mode. 3. The signal isolation system of claim 2, wherein the plurality of input switches and the plurality of output switches are Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). 4. The signal isolation system of claim 1, wherein the signal isolation circuit further comprises:
a manual mode pin, coupled to the external device, configured to receive a status signal of the external device and transmit the status signal to the control circuit, such that the control circuit determines to operate the signal isolation circuit in the input mode or the output mode; and an automatic mode pin, coupled to the external device, configured to confirm the status signal from the external device via a serial communication BUS, such that the control circuit determines to operate the signal isolation circuit in the input mode or the output mode. 5. A signal isolation circuit, comprising:
a control circuit, configured to operate the signal isolation circuit in an input mode or an output mode according to a status of the external device; a digital input/output circuit, configured to input/output signal based on the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit; and an input/output port, coupled to the digital input/output circuit, configured to be an input port or an output port according to the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit. 6. The signal isolation circuit of claim 5, wherein the digital input/output circuit comprises:
an input optical coupler, having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to a first input switch and a second input switch, and is coupled to a primary power source via the first input switch, the second terminal is coupled to the control circuit and a secondary power source, such that the control circuit conducts the first input switch and the second input switch to transmit a digital input signal generated by the external device to the control circuit, when the control circuit operates the signal isolation circuit in the input mode. 7. The signal isolation circuit of claim 6, wherein the first input switch and the second input switch are Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). 8. The signal isolation circuit of claim 5, wherein the digital input/output circuit comprises:
an output optical coupler, having a first terminal and a second terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to a first output switch and a second output switch, and coupled to a primary power source via the first output switch, the second terminal is coupled to the control circuit and a secondary power source, such that the control circuit conducts the first output switch and the second output switch to transmit a digital output signal to the external device, when the control circuit operates the signal isolation circuit in the output mode. 9. The signal isolation circuit of claim 8, wherein the first output switch and the second output switch are Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). 10. The signal isolation circuit of claim 5, wherein the signal isolation circuit further comprises:
a manual mode pin, coupled to the external device, configured to receive a status signal of the external device and transmit the status signal to the control circuit, such that the control circuit determines to operate the signal isolation circuit in the input mode or the output mode; and an automatic mode pin, coupled to the external device, configured to confirm the status signal from the external device via a serial communication BUS, such that the control circuit determines to operate the signal isolation circuit in the input mode or the output mode. | A signal isolation system includes an external device; and a signal isolation circuit, coupled to the external device, including a control circuit, configured to operate the signal isolation circuit in an input mode or an output mode according to a status of the external device; a digital input/output circuit, configured to input/output signal based on the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit; and an input/output port, coupled to the digital input/output circuit, configured to be an input port or an output port according to the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit.1. A signal isolation system, comprising:
an external device; and a signal isolation circuit, coupled to the external device, comprising:
a control circuit, configured to operate the signal isolation circuit in an input mode or an output mode according to a status of the external device;
a digital input/output circuit, configured to input/output signal based on the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit; and
an input/output port, coupled to the digital input/output circuit, configured to be an input port or an output port according to the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit. 2. The signal isolation system of claim 1, wherein the digital input/output circuit comprises:
an input optical coupler, coupled to the control circuit and a plurality of input switches, such that the control circuit conducts the plurality of input switches to transmit a digital input signal generated by the external device to the control circuit, when the control circuit operates the signal isolation circuit in the input mode; and an output optical coupler, coupled to the control circuit and a plurality of output switches, such that the control circuit conducts the plurality of output switches to transmit a digital output signal to the external device, when the control circuit operates the signal isolation circuit in the output mode. 3. The signal isolation system of claim 2, wherein the plurality of input switches and the plurality of output switches are Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). 4. The signal isolation system of claim 1, wherein the signal isolation circuit further comprises:
a manual mode pin, coupled to the external device, configured to receive a status signal of the external device and transmit the status signal to the control circuit, such that the control circuit determines to operate the signal isolation circuit in the input mode or the output mode; and an automatic mode pin, coupled to the external device, configured to confirm the status signal from the external device via a serial communication BUS, such that the control circuit determines to operate the signal isolation circuit in the input mode or the output mode. 5. A signal isolation circuit, comprising:
a control circuit, configured to operate the signal isolation circuit in an input mode or an output mode according to a status of the external device; a digital input/output circuit, configured to input/output signal based on the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit; and an input/output port, coupled to the digital input/output circuit, configured to be an input port or an output port according to the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit. 6. The signal isolation circuit of claim 5, wherein the digital input/output circuit comprises:
an input optical coupler, having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to a first input switch and a second input switch, and is coupled to a primary power source via the first input switch, the second terminal is coupled to the control circuit and a secondary power source, such that the control circuit conducts the first input switch and the second input switch to transmit a digital input signal generated by the external device to the control circuit, when the control circuit operates the signal isolation circuit in the input mode. 7. The signal isolation circuit of claim 6, wherein the first input switch and the second input switch are Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). 8. The signal isolation circuit of claim 5, wherein the digital input/output circuit comprises:
an output optical coupler, having a first terminal and a second terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to a first output switch and a second output switch, and coupled to a primary power source via the first output switch, the second terminal is coupled to the control circuit and a secondary power source, such that the control circuit conducts the first output switch and the second output switch to transmit a digital output signal to the external device, when the control circuit operates the signal isolation circuit in the output mode. 9. The signal isolation circuit of claim 8, wherein the first output switch and the second output switch are Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). 10. The signal isolation circuit of claim 5, wherein the signal isolation circuit further comprises:
a manual mode pin, coupled to the external device, configured to receive a status signal of the external device and transmit the status signal to the control circuit, such that the control circuit determines to operate the signal isolation circuit in the input mode or the output mode; and an automatic mode pin, coupled to the external device, configured to confirm the status signal from the external device via a serial communication BUS, such that the control circuit determines to operate the signal isolation circuit in the input mode or the output mode. | 2,900 |
349,558 | 29,726,208 | 2,923 | A signal isolation system includes an external device; and a signal isolation circuit, coupled to the external device, including a control circuit, configured to operate the signal isolation circuit in an input mode or an output mode according to a status of the external device; a digital input/output circuit, configured to input/output signal based on the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit; and an input/output port, coupled to the digital input/output circuit, configured to be an input port or an output port according to the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit. | 1. A signal isolation system, comprising:
an external device; and a signal isolation circuit, coupled to the external device, comprising:
a control circuit, configured to operate the signal isolation circuit in an input mode or an output mode according to a status of the external device;
a digital input/output circuit, configured to input/output signal based on the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit; and
an input/output port, coupled to the digital input/output circuit, configured to be an input port or an output port according to the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit. 2. The signal isolation system of claim 1, wherein the digital input/output circuit comprises:
an input optical coupler, coupled to the control circuit and a plurality of input switches, such that the control circuit conducts the plurality of input switches to transmit a digital input signal generated by the external device to the control circuit, when the control circuit operates the signal isolation circuit in the input mode; and an output optical coupler, coupled to the control circuit and a plurality of output switches, such that the control circuit conducts the plurality of output switches to transmit a digital output signal to the external device, when the control circuit operates the signal isolation circuit in the output mode. 3. The signal isolation system of claim 2, wherein the plurality of input switches and the plurality of output switches are Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). 4. The signal isolation system of claim 1, wherein the signal isolation circuit further comprises:
a manual mode pin, coupled to the external device, configured to receive a status signal of the external device and transmit the status signal to the control circuit, such that the control circuit determines to operate the signal isolation circuit in the input mode or the output mode; and an automatic mode pin, coupled to the external device, configured to confirm the status signal from the external device via a serial communication BUS, such that the control circuit determines to operate the signal isolation circuit in the input mode or the output mode. 5. A signal isolation circuit, comprising:
a control circuit, configured to operate the signal isolation circuit in an input mode or an output mode according to a status of the external device; a digital input/output circuit, configured to input/output signal based on the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit; and an input/output port, coupled to the digital input/output circuit, configured to be an input port or an output port according to the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit. 6. The signal isolation circuit of claim 5, wherein the digital input/output circuit comprises:
an input optical coupler, having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to a first input switch and a second input switch, and is coupled to a primary power source via the first input switch, the second terminal is coupled to the control circuit and a secondary power source, such that the control circuit conducts the first input switch and the second input switch to transmit a digital input signal generated by the external device to the control circuit, when the control circuit operates the signal isolation circuit in the input mode. 7. The signal isolation circuit of claim 6, wherein the first input switch and the second input switch are Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). 8. The signal isolation circuit of claim 5, wherein the digital input/output circuit comprises:
an output optical coupler, having a first terminal and a second terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to a first output switch and a second output switch, and coupled to a primary power source via the first output switch, the second terminal is coupled to the control circuit and a secondary power source, such that the control circuit conducts the first output switch and the second output switch to transmit a digital output signal to the external device, when the control circuit operates the signal isolation circuit in the output mode. 9. The signal isolation circuit of claim 8, wherein the first output switch and the second output switch are Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). 10. The signal isolation circuit of claim 5, wherein the signal isolation circuit further comprises:
a manual mode pin, coupled to the external device, configured to receive a status signal of the external device and transmit the status signal to the control circuit, such that the control circuit determines to operate the signal isolation circuit in the input mode or the output mode; and an automatic mode pin, coupled to the external device, configured to confirm the status signal from the external device via a serial communication BUS, such that the control circuit determines to operate the signal isolation circuit in the input mode or the output mode. | A signal isolation system includes an external device; and a signal isolation circuit, coupled to the external device, including a control circuit, configured to operate the signal isolation circuit in an input mode or an output mode according to a status of the external device; a digital input/output circuit, configured to input/output signal based on the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit; and an input/output port, coupled to the digital input/output circuit, configured to be an input port or an output port according to the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit.1. A signal isolation system, comprising:
an external device; and a signal isolation circuit, coupled to the external device, comprising:
a control circuit, configured to operate the signal isolation circuit in an input mode or an output mode according to a status of the external device;
a digital input/output circuit, configured to input/output signal based on the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit; and
an input/output port, coupled to the digital input/output circuit, configured to be an input port or an output port according to the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit. 2. The signal isolation system of claim 1, wherein the digital input/output circuit comprises:
an input optical coupler, coupled to the control circuit and a plurality of input switches, such that the control circuit conducts the plurality of input switches to transmit a digital input signal generated by the external device to the control circuit, when the control circuit operates the signal isolation circuit in the input mode; and an output optical coupler, coupled to the control circuit and a plurality of output switches, such that the control circuit conducts the plurality of output switches to transmit a digital output signal to the external device, when the control circuit operates the signal isolation circuit in the output mode. 3. The signal isolation system of claim 2, wherein the plurality of input switches and the plurality of output switches are Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). 4. The signal isolation system of claim 1, wherein the signal isolation circuit further comprises:
a manual mode pin, coupled to the external device, configured to receive a status signal of the external device and transmit the status signal to the control circuit, such that the control circuit determines to operate the signal isolation circuit in the input mode or the output mode; and an automatic mode pin, coupled to the external device, configured to confirm the status signal from the external device via a serial communication BUS, such that the control circuit determines to operate the signal isolation circuit in the input mode or the output mode. 5. A signal isolation circuit, comprising:
a control circuit, configured to operate the signal isolation circuit in an input mode or an output mode according to a status of the external device; a digital input/output circuit, configured to input/output signal based on the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit; and an input/output port, coupled to the digital input/output circuit, configured to be an input port or an output port according to the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit. 6. The signal isolation circuit of claim 5, wherein the digital input/output circuit comprises:
an input optical coupler, having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to a first input switch and a second input switch, and is coupled to a primary power source via the first input switch, the second terminal is coupled to the control circuit and a secondary power source, such that the control circuit conducts the first input switch and the second input switch to transmit a digital input signal generated by the external device to the control circuit, when the control circuit operates the signal isolation circuit in the input mode. 7. The signal isolation circuit of claim 6, wherein the first input switch and the second input switch are Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). 8. The signal isolation circuit of claim 5, wherein the digital input/output circuit comprises:
an output optical coupler, having a first terminal and a second terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to a first output switch and a second output switch, and coupled to a primary power source via the first output switch, the second terminal is coupled to the control circuit and a secondary power source, such that the control circuit conducts the first output switch and the second output switch to transmit a digital output signal to the external device, when the control circuit operates the signal isolation circuit in the output mode. 9. The signal isolation circuit of claim 8, wherein the first output switch and the second output switch are Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). 10. The signal isolation circuit of claim 5, wherein the signal isolation circuit further comprises:
a manual mode pin, coupled to the external device, configured to receive a status signal of the external device and transmit the status signal to the control circuit, such that the control circuit determines to operate the signal isolation circuit in the input mode or the output mode; and an automatic mode pin, coupled to the external device, configured to confirm the status signal from the external device via a serial communication BUS, such that the control circuit determines to operate the signal isolation circuit in the input mode or the output mode. | 2,900 |
349,559 | 16,807,157 | 2,923 | Disclosed herein are systems and methods that allow for secure access to websites and web-based applications and other resources available through the browser. Also described are systems and methods for invocation of a secure web container which may display data representative of a requesting party's application at a user's machine. The secure web container is invoked upon receipt of an API call from the requesting party. Thus, described in the present specification are systems and methods for constructing and destroying private, secure, browsing environments (a secure disposable web container), insulating the user and requesting parties from the threats associated with being online for the purposes of providing secure, policy-based interaction with a requesting party's online services. | 1. A system for providing a secure environment for interacting with websites using computing applications, the system comprising:
a client device interface comprising a secure channel operable to communicate with a user client device through an image protocol, wherein executable commands from a website are not transmitted from the website to the user client device; an authenticated service device in communication with the client device interface and operable to access and interact with the website, wherein the authenticated service device is operable to establish a secure environment for operating a secure session and to enable the user client device to access the website during the secure session; and a secure data store in communication with the authenticated service device, wherein the authenticated service device is operable to access the website and provide, using the image protocol and via the client device interface, content associated with the website to the user client device, and wherein user credentials for accessing the website are not transmitted directly from the user client device to the website. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a policy database operable to store policies for user access to and interaction with the website. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the secure data store operable to store the user credentials for accessing the website, and wherein access to the website is granted in accordance with the policies stored in the policy database. 4. The system of claim 2, further comprising:
a policy portal in communication with the policy database, wherein the policy portal is operable to provide access to an administrator for configuring the policies for user access to and interaction with the website. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the secure data store is operable to store the user credentials for accessing the website. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the user credentials are received from or are received by the authenticated service device. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the authenticated service device is further operable to establish a secure web container for initiating or executing the secure session in the secure environment. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is further operable to generate a session identifier (ID), wherein the session ID is assigned in a session database and wherein the session ID is associated with the user client device or a user associated with the user client device. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the secure session is initiated based on validation of the session ID. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the secure session is rendered by a thin client process. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein a disposable browser or application associated with the secure session is constructed at a start of the secure session and disposed at an end of the secure session. 12. A method for providing a secure environment for interacting with web servers using computing applications, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a client device interface comprising a secure channel operable to communicate with a user client device through an image protocol, wherein commands from a web server are not transmitted from the web server to the user client device; and providing an authenticating service device in communication with the client device interface, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to access and interact with the web server, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to establish a secure environment for operating a secure session and to enable the user client device to access the web server during the secure session, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to access the web server and provide, using the image protocol and via the client device interface, content associated with the web server to the user client device, and wherein user credentials for accessing the website are not transmitted directly from the user client device to the web server. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising providing a secure data store in communication with the authenticating service device, the secure data store operable to store the user credentials for accessing the web server. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising providing a policy database operable to store policies for user access to and interaction with the web server. 15. The method of claim 14, providing a policy portal in communication with the policy database, the policy portal operable to provide access to an administrator for configuring the policies for user access to and interaction with the web server. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the policies further comprise rules associated with at least one of a particular web server account, a global policy, and the web server. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the user credentials are fetched from or by the authenticating service device during the secure session. 18. The method of claim 12, further comprising generating a session ID, wherein the session ID is assigned in a session database, wherein the session ID is associated with the user client device or a user associated with the user client device, and wherein the secure session is initiated based on validation of the session ID. 19. The method of claim 12, wherein a disposable browser or application associated with the secure session is displayable on the user client device executing a thin client process. 20. The method of claim 12, further comprising providing a secure web container for initiating, executing, or establishing the secure session in the secure environment. | Disclosed herein are systems and methods that allow for secure access to websites and web-based applications and other resources available through the browser. Also described are systems and methods for invocation of a secure web container which may display data representative of a requesting party's application at a user's machine. The secure web container is invoked upon receipt of an API call from the requesting party. Thus, described in the present specification are systems and methods for constructing and destroying private, secure, browsing environments (a secure disposable web container), insulating the user and requesting parties from the threats associated with being online for the purposes of providing secure, policy-based interaction with a requesting party's online services.1. A system for providing a secure environment for interacting with websites using computing applications, the system comprising:
a client device interface comprising a secure channel operable to communicate with a user client device through an image protocol, wherein executable commands from a website are not transmitted from the website to the user client device; an authenticated service device in communication with the client device interface and operable to access and interact with the website, wherein the authenticated service device is operable to establish a secure environment for operating a secure session and to enable the user client device to access the website during the secure session; and a secure data store in communication with the authenticated service device, wherein the authenticated service device is operable to access the website and provide, using the image protocol and via the client device interface, content associated with the website to the user client device, and wherein user credentials for accessing the website are not transmitted directly from the user client device to the website. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a policy database operable to store policies for user access to and interaction with the website. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the secure data store operable to store the user credentials for accessing the website, and wherein access to the website is granted in accordance with the policies stored in the policy database. 4. The system of claim 2, further comprising:
a policy portal in communication with the policy database, wherein the policy portal is operable to provide access to an administrator for configuring the policies for user access to and interaction with the website. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the secure data store is operable to store the user credentials for accessing the website. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the user credentials are received from or are received by the authenticated service device. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the authenticated service device is further operable to establish a secure web container for initiating or executing the secure session in the secure environment. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is further operable to generate a session identifier (ID), wherein the session ID is assigned in a session database and wherein the session ID is associated with the user client device or a user associated with the user client device. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the secure session is initiated based on validation of the session ID. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the secure session is rendered by a thin client process. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein a disposable browser or application associated with the secure session is constructed at a start of the secure session and disposed at an end of the secure session. 12. A method for providing a secure environment for interacting with web servers using computing applications, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a client device interface comprising a secure channel operable to communicate with a user client device through an image protocol, wherein commands from a web server are not transmitted from the web server to the user client device; and providing an authenticating service device in communication with the client device interface, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to access and interact with the web server, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to establish a secure environment for operating a secure session and to enable the user client device to access the web server during the secure session, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to access the web server and provide, using the image protocol and via the client device interface, content associated with the web server to the user client device, and wherein user credentials for accessing the website are not transmitted directly from the user client device to the web server. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising providing a secure data store in communication with the authenticating service device, the secure data store operable to store the user credentials for accessing the web server. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising providing a policy database operable to store policies for user access to and interaction with the web server. 15. The method of claim 14, providing a policy portal in communication with the policy database, the policy portal operable to provide access to an administrator for configuring the policies for user access to and interaction with the web server. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the policies further comprise rules associated with at least one of a particular web server account, a global policy, and the web server. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the user credentials are fetched from or by the authenticating service device during the secure session. 18. The method of claim 12, further comprising generating a session ID, wherein the session ID is assigned in a session database, wherein the session ID is associated with the user client device or a user associated with the user client device, and wherein the secure session is initiated based on validation of the session ID. 19. The method of claim 12, wherein a disposable browser or application associated with the secure session is displayable on the user client device executing a thin client process. 20. The method of claim 12, further comprising providing a secure web container for initiating, executing, or establishing the secure session in the secure environment. | 2,900 |
349,560 | 29,726,214 | 2,915 | Disclosed herein are systems and methods that allow for secure access to websites and web-based applications and other resources available through the browser. Also described are systems and methods for invocation of a secure web container which may display data representative of a requesting party's application at a user's machine. The secure web container is invoked upon receipt of an API call from the requesting party. Thus, described in the present specification are systems and methods for constructing and destroying private, secure, browsing environments (a secure disposable web container), insulating the user and requesting parties from the threats associated with being online for the purposes of providing secure, policy-based interaction with a requesting party's online services. | 1. A system for providing a secure environment for interacting with websites using computing applications, the system comprising:
a client device interface comprising a secure channel operable to communicate with a user client device through an image protocol, wherein executable commands from a website are not transmitted from the website to the user client device; an authenticated service device in communication with the client device interface and operable to access and interact with the website, wherein the authenticated service device is operable to establish a secure environment for operating a secure session and to enable the user client device to access the website during the secure session; and a secure data store in communication with the authenticated service device, wherein the authenticated service device is operable to access the website and provide, using the image protocol and via the client device interface, content associated with the website to the user client device, and wherein user credentials for accessing the website are not transmitted directly from the user client device to the website. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a policy database operable to store policies for user access to and interaction with the website. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the secure data store operable to store the user credentials for accessing the website, and wherein access to the website is granted in accordance with the policies stored in the policy database. 4. The system of claim 2, further comprising:
a policy portal in communication with the policy database, wherein the policy portal is operable to provide access to an administrator for configuring the policies for user access to and interaction with the website. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the secure data store is operable to store the user credentials for accessing the website. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the user credentials are received from or are received by the authenticated service device. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the authenticated service device is further operable to establish a secure web container for initiating or executing the secure session in the secure environment. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is further operable to generate a session identifier (ID), wherein the session ID is assigned in a session database and wherein the session ID is associated with the user client device or a user associated with the user client device. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the secure session is initiated based on validation of the session ID. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the secure session is rendered by a thin client process. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein a disposable browser or application associated with the secure session is constructed at a start of the secure session and disposed at an end of the secure session. 12. A method for providing a secure environment for interacting with web servers using computing applications, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a client device interface comprising a secure channel operable to communicate with a user client device through an image protocol, wherein commands from a web server are not transmitted from the web server to the user client device; and providing an authenticating service device in communication with the client device interface, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to access and interact with the web server, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to establish a secure environment for operating a secure session and to enable the user client device to access the web server during the secure session, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to access the web server and provide, using the image protocol and via the client device interface, content associated with the web server to the user client device, and wherein user credentials for accessing the website are not transmitted directly from the user client device to the web server. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising providing a secure data store in communication with the authenticating service device, the secure data store operable to store the user credentials for accessing the web server. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising providing a policy database operable to store policies for user access to and interaction with the web server. 15. The method of claim 14, providing a policy portal in communication with the policy database, the policy portal operable to provide access to an administrator for configuring the policies for user access to and interaction with the web server. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the policies further comprise rules associated with at least one of a particular web server account, a global policy, and the web server. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the user credentials are fetched from or by the authenticating service device during the secure session. 18. The method of claim 12, further comprising generating a session ID, wherein the session ID is assigned in a session database, wherein the session ID is associated with the user client device or a user associated with the user client device, and wherein the secure session is initiated based on validation of the session ID. 19. The method of claim 12, wherein a disposable browser or application associated with the secure session is displayable on the user client device executing a thin client process. 20. The method of claim 12, further comprising providing a secure web container for initiating, executing, or establishing the secure session in the secure environment. | Disclosed herein are systems and methods that allow for secure access to websites and web-based applications and other resources available through the browser. Also described are systems and methods for invocation of a secure web container which may display data representative of a requesting party's application at a user's machine. The secure web container is invoked upon receipt of an API call from the requesting party. Thus, described in the present specification are systems and methods for constructing and destroying private, secure, browsing environments (a secure disposable web container), insulating the user and requesting parties from the threats associated with being online for the purposes of providing secure, policy-based interaction with a requesting party's online services.1. A system for providing a secure environment for interacting with websites using computing applications, the system comprising:
a client device interface comprising a secure channel operable to communicate with a user client device through an image protocol, wherein executable commands from a website are not transmitted from the website to the user client device; an authenticated service device in communication with the client device interface and operable to access and interact with the website, wherein the authenticated service device is operable to establish a secure environment for operating a secure session and to enable the user client device to access the website during the secure session; and a secure data store in communication with the authenticated service device, wherein the authenticated service device is operable to access the website and provide, using the image protocol and via the client device interface, content associated with the website to the user client device, and wherein user credentials for accessing the website are not transmitted directly from the user client device to the website. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a policy database operable to store policies for user access to and interaction with the website. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the secure data store operable to store the user credentials for accessing the website, and wherein access to the website is granted in accordance with the policies stored in the policy database. 4. The system of claim 2, further comprising:
a policy portal in communication with the policy database, wherein the policy portal is operable to provide access to an administrator for configuring the policies for user access to and interaction with the website. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the secure data store is operable to store the user credentials for accessing the website. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the user credentials are received from or are received by the authenticated service device. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the authenticated service device is further operable to establish a secure web container for initiating or executing the secure session in the secure environment. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is further operable to generate a session identifier (ID), wherein the session ID is assigned in a session database and wherein the session ID is associated with the user client device or a user associated with the user client device. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the secure session is initiated based on validation of the session ID. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the secure session is rendered by a thin client process. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein a disposable browser or application associated with the secure session is constructed at a start of the secure session and disposed at an end of the secure session. 12. A method for providing a secure environment for interacting with web servers using computing applications, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a client device interface comprising a secure channel operable to communicate with a user client device through an image protocol, wherein commands from a web server are not transmitted from the web server to the user client device; and providing an authenticating service device in communication with the client device interface, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to access and interact with the web server, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to establish a secure environment for operating a secure session and to enable the user client device to access the web server during the secure session, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to access the web server and provide, using the image protocol and via the client device interface, content associated with the web server to the user client device, and wherein user credentials for accessing the website are not transmitted directly from the user client device to the web server. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising providing a secure data store in communication with the authenticating service device, the secure data store operable to store the user credentials for accessing the web server. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising providing a policy database operable to store policies for user access to and interaction with the web server. 15. The method of claim 14, providing a policy portal in communication with the policy database, the policy portal operable to provide access to an administrator for configuring the policies for user access to and interaction with the web server. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the policies further comprise rules associated with at least one of a particular web server account, a global policy, and the web server. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the user credentials are fetched from or by the authenticating service device during the secure session. 18. The method of claim 12, further comprising generating a session ID, wherein the session ID is assigned in a session database, wherein the session ID is associated with the user client device or a user associated with the user client device, and wherein the secure session is initiated based on validation of the session ID. 19. The method of claim 12, wherein a disposable browser or application associated with the secure session is displayable on the user client device executing a thin client process. 20. The method of claim 12, further comprising providing a secure web container for initiating, executing, or establishing the secure session in the secure environment. | 2,900 |
349,561 | 29,726,207 | 2,923 | Disclosed herein are systems and methods that allow for secure access to websites and web-based applications and other resources available through the browser. Also described are systems and methods for invocation of a secure web container which may display data representative of a requesting party's application at a user's machine. The secure web container is invoked upon receipt of an API call from the requesting party. Thus, described in the present specification are systems and methods for constructing and destroying private, secure, browsing environments (a secure disposable web container), insulating the user and requesting parties from the threats associated with being online for the purposes of providing secure, policy-based interaction with a requesting party's online services. | 1. A system for providing a secure environment for interacting with websites using computing applications, the system comprising:
a client device interface comprising a secure channel operable to communicate with a user client device through an image protocol, wherein executable commands from a website are not transmitted from the website to the user client device; an authenticated service device in communication with the client device interface and operable to access and interact with the website, wherein the authenticated service device is operable to establish a secure environment for operating a secure session and to enable the user client device to access the website during the secure session; and a secure data store in communication with the authenticated service device, wherein the authenticated service device is operable to access the website and provide, using the image protocol and via the client device interface, content associated with the website to the user client device, and wherein user credentials for accessing the website are not transmitted directly from the user client device to the website. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a policy database operable to store policies for user access to and interaction with the website. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the secure data store operable to store the user credentials for accessing the website, and wherein access to the website is granted in accordance with the policies stored in the policy database. 4. The system of claim 2, further comprising:
a policy portal in communication with the policy database, wherein the policy portal is operable to provide access to an administrator for configuring the policies for user access to and interaction with the website. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the secure data store is operable to store the user credentials for accessing the website. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the user credentials are received from or are received by the authenticated service device. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the authenticated service device is further operable to establish a secure web container for initiating or executing the secure session in the secure environment. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is further operable to generate a session identifier (ID), wherein the session ID is assigned in a session database and wherein the session ID is associated with the user client device or a user associated with the user client device. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the secure session is initiated based on validation of the session ID. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the secure session is rendered by a thin client process. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein a disposable browser or application associated with the secure session is constructed at a start of the secure session and disposed at an end of the secure session. 12. A method for providing a secure environment for interacting with web servers using computing applications, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a client device interface comprising a secure channel operable to communicate with a user client device through an image protocol, wherein commands from a web server are not transmitted from the web server to the user client device; and providing an authenticating service device in communication with the client device interface, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to access and interact with the web server, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to establish a secure environment for operating a secure session and to enable the user client device to access the web server during the secure session, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to access the web server and provide, using the image protocol and via the client device interface, content associated with the web server to the user client device, and wherein user credentials for accessing the website are not transmitted directly from the user client device to the web server. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising providing a secure data store in communication with the authenticating service device, the secure data store operable to store the user credentials for accessing the web server. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising providing a policy database operable to store policies for user access to and interaction with the web server. 15. The method of claim 14, providing a policy portal in communication with the policy database, the policy portal operable to provide access to an administrator for configuring the policies for user access to and interaction with the web server. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the policies further comprise rules associated with at least one of a particular web server account, a global policy, and the web server. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the user credentials are fetched from or by the authenticating service device during the secure session. 18. The method of claim 12, further comprising generating a session ID, wherein the session ID is assigned in a session database, wherein the session ID is associated with the user client device or a user associated with the user client device, and wherein the secure session is initiated based on validation of the session ID. 19. The method of claim 12, wherein a disposable browser or application associated with the secure session is displayable on the user client device executing a thin client process. 20. The method of claim 12, further comprising providing a secure web container for initiating, executing, or establishing the secure session in the secure environment. | Disclosed herein are systems and methods that allow for secure access to websites and web-based applications and other resources available through the browser. Also described are systems and methods for invocation of a secure web container which may display data representative of a requesting party's application at a user's machine. The secure web container is invoked upon receipt of an API call from the requesting party. Thus, described in the present specification are systems and methods for constructing and destroying private, secure, browsing environments (a secure disposable web container), insulating the user and requesting parties from the threats associated with being online for the purposes of providing secure, policy-based interaction with a requesting party's online services.1. A system for providing a secure environment for interacting with websites using computing applications, the system comprising:
a client device interface comprising a secure channel operable to communicate with a user client device through an image protocol, wherein executable commands from a website are not transmitted from the website to the user client device; an authenticated service device in communication with the client device interface and operable to access and interact with the website, wherein the authenticated service device is operable to establish a secure environment for operating a secure session and to enable the user client device to access the website during the secure session; and a secure data store in communication with the authenticated service device, wherein the authenticated service device is operable to access the website and provide, using the image protocol and via the client device interface, content associated with the website to the user client device, and wherein user credentials for accessing the website are not transmitted directly from the user client device to the website. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a policy database operable to store policies for user access to and interaction with the website. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the secure data store operable to store the user credentials for accessing the website, and wherein access to the website is granted in accordance with the policies stored in the policy database. 4. The system of claim 2, further comprising:
a policy portal in communication with the policy database, wherein the policy portal is operable to provide access to an administrator for configuring the policies for user access to and interaction with the website. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the secure data store is operable to store the user credentials for accessing the website. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the user credentials are received from or are received by the authenticated service device. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the authenticated service device is further operable to establish a secure web container for initiating or executing the secure session in the secure environment. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is further operable to generate a session identifier (ID), wherein the session ID is assigned in a session database and wherein the session ID is associated with the user client device or a user associated with the user client device. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the secure session is initiated based on validation of the session ID. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the secure session is rendered by a thin client process. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein a disposable browser or application associated with the secure session is constructed at a start of the secure session and disposed at an end of the secure session. 12. A method for providing a secure environment for interacting with web servers using computing applications, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a client device interface comprising a secure channel operable to communicate with a user client device through an image protocol, wherein commands from a web server are not transmitted from the web server to the user client device; and providing an authenticating service device in communication with the client device interface, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to access and interact with the web server, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to establish a secure environment for operating a secure session and to enable the user client device to access the web server during the secure session, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to access the web server and provide, using the image protocol and via the client device interface, content associated with the web server to the user client device, and wherein user credentials for accessing the website are not transmitted directly from the user client device to the web server. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising providing a secure data store in communication with the authenticating service device, the secure data store operable to store the user credentials for accessing the web server. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising providing a policy database operable to store policies for user access to and interaction with the web server. 15. The method of claim 14, providing a policy portal in communication with the policy database, the policy portal operable to provide access to an administrator for configuring the policies for user access to and interaction with the web server. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the policies further comprise rules associated with at least one of a particular web server account, a global policy, and the web server. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the user credentials are fetched from or by the authenticating service device during the secure session. 18. The method of claim 12, further comprising generating a session ID, wherein the session ID is assigned in a session database, wherein the session ID is associated with the user client device or a user associated with the user client device, and wherein the secure session is initiated based on validation of the session ID. 19. The method of claim 12, wherein a disposable browser or application associated with the secure session is displayable on the user client device executing a thin client process. 20. The method of claim 12, further comprising providing a secure web container for initiating, executing, or establishing the secure session in the secure environment. | 2,900 |
349,562 | 29,726,213 | 2,915 | Disclosed herein are systems and methods that allow for secure access to websites and web-based applications and other resources available through the browser. Also described are systems and methods for invocation of a secure web container which may display data representative of a requesting party's application at a user's machine. The secure web container is invoked upon receipt of an API call from the requesting party. Thus, described in the present specification are systems and methods for constructing and destroying private, secure, browsing environments (a secure disposable web container), insulating the user and requesting parties from the threats associated with being online for the purposes of providing secure, policy-based interaction with a requesting party's online services. | 1. A system for providing a secure environment for interacting with websites using computing applications, the system comprising:
a client device interface comprising a secure channel operable to communicate with a user client device through an image protocol, wherein executable commands from a website are not transmitted from the website to the user client device; an authenticated service device in communication with the client device interface and operable to access and interact with the website, wherein the authenticated service device is operable to establish a secure environment for operating a secure session and to enable the user client device to access the website during the secure session; and a secure data store in communication with the authenticated service device, wherein the authenticated service device is operable to access the website and provide, using the image protocol and via the client device interface, content associated with the website to the user client device, and wherein user credentials for accessing the website are not transmitted directly from the user client device to the website. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a policy database operable to store policies for user access to and interaction with the website. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the secure data store operable to store the user credentials for accessing the website, and wherein access to the website is granted in accordance with the policies stored in the policy database. 4. The system of claim 2, further comprising:
a policy portal in communication with the policy database, wherein the policy portal is operable to provide access to an administrator for configuring the policies for user access to and interaction with the website. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the secure data store is operable to store the user credentials for accessing the website. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the user credentials are received from or are received by the authenticated service device. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the authenticated service device is further operable to establish a secure web container for initiating or executing the secure session in the secure environment. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is further operable to generate a session identifier (ID), wherein the session ID is assigned in a session database and wherein the session ID is associated with the user client device or a user associated with the user client device. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the secure session is initiated based on validation of the session ID. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the secure session is rendered by a thin client process. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein a disposable browser or application associated with the secure session is constructed at a start of the secure session and disposed at an end of the secure session. 12. A method for providing a secure environment for interacting with web servers using computing applications, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a client device interface comprising a secure channel operable to communicate with a user client device through an image protocol, wherein commands from a web server are not transmitted from the web server to the user client device; and providing an authenticating service device in communication with the client device interface, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to access and interact with the web server, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to establish a secure environment for operating a secure session and to enable the user client device to access the web server during the secure session, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to access the web server and provide, using the image protocol and via the client device interface, content associated with the web server to the user client device, and wherein user credentials for accessing the website are not transmitted directly from the user client device to the web server. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising providing a secure data store in communication with the authenticating service device, the secure data store operable to store the user credentials for accessing the web server. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising providing a policy database operable to store policies for user access to and interaction with the web server. 15. The method of claim 14, providing a policy portal in communication with the policy database, the policy portal operable to provide access to an administrator for configuring the policies for user access to and interaction with the web server. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the policies further comprise rules associated with at least one of a particular web server account, a global policy, and the web server. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the user credentials are fetched from or by the authenticating service device during the secure session. 18. The method of claim 12, further comprising generating a session ID, wherein the session ID is assigned in a session database, wherein the session ID is associated with the user client device or a user associated with the user client device, and wherein the secure session is initiated based on validation of the session ID. 19. The method of claim 12, wherein a disposable browser or application associated with the secure session is displayable on the user client device executing a thin client process. 20. The method of claim 12, further comprising providing a secure web container for initiating, executing, or establishing the secure session in the secure environment. | Disclosed herein are systems and methods that allow for secure access to websites and web-based applications and other resources available through the browser. Also described are systems and methods for invocation of a secure web container which may display data representative of a requesting party's application at a user's machine. The secure web container is invoked upon receipt of an API call from the requesting party. Thus, described in the present specification are systems and methods for constructing and destroying private, secure, browsing environments (a secure disposable web container), insulating the user and requesting parties from the threats associated with being online for the purposes of providing secure, policy-based interaction with a requesting party's online services.1. A system for providing a secure environment for interacting with websites using computing applications, the system comprising:
a client device interface comprising a secure channel operable to communicate with a user client device through an image protocol, wherein executable commands from a website are not transmitted from the website to the user client device; an authenticated service device in communication with the client device interface and operable to access and interact with the website, wherein the authenticated service device is operable to establish a secure environment for operating a secure session and to enable the user client device to access the website during the secure session; and a secure data store in communication with the authenticated service device, wherein the authenticated service device is operable to access the website and provide, using the image protocol and via the client device interface, content associated with the website to the user client device, and wherein user credentials for accessing the website are not transmitted directly from the user client device to the website. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a policy database operable to store policies for user access to and interaction with the website. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the secure data store operable to store the user credentials for accessing the website, and wherein access to the website is granted in accordance with the policies stored in the policy database. 4. The system of claim 2, further comprising:
a policy portal in communication with the policy database, wherein the policy portal is operable to provide access to an administrator for configuring the policies for user access to and interaction with the website. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the secure data store is operable to store the user credentials for accessing the website. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the user credentials are received from or are received by the authenticated service device. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the authenticated service device is further operable to establish a secure web container for initiating or executing the secure session in the secure environment. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is further operable to generate a session identifier (ID), wherein the session ID is assigned in a session database and wherein the session ID is associated with the user client device or a user associated with the user client device. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the secure session is initiated based on validation of the session ID. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the secure session is rendered by a thin client process. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein a disposable browser or application associated with the secure session is constructed at a start of the secure session and disposed at an end of the secure session. 12. A method for providing a secure environment for interacting with web servers using computing applications, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a client device interface comprising a secure channel operable to communicate with a user client device through an image protocol, wherein commands from a web server are not transmitted from the web server to the user client device; and providing an authenticating service device in communication with the client device interface, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to access and interact with the web server, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to establish a secure environment for operating a secure session and to enable the user client device to access the web server during the secure session, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to access the web server and provide, using the image protocol and via the client device interface, content associated with the web server to the user client device, and wherein user credentials for accessing the website are not transmitted directly from the user client device to the web server. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising providing a secure data store in communication with the authenticating service device, the secure data store operable to store the user credentials for accessing the web server. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising providing a policy database operable to store policies for user access to and interaction with the web server. 15. The method of claim 14, providing a policy portal in communication with the policy database, the policy portal operable to provide access to an administrator for configuring the policies for user access to and interaction with the web server. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the policies further comprise rules associated with at least one of a particular web server account, a global policy, and the web server. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the user credentials are fetched from or by the authenticating service device during the secure session. 18. The method of claim 12, further comprising generating a session ID, wherein the session ID is assigned in a session database, wherein the session ID is associated with the user client device or a user associated with the user client device, and wherein the secure session is initiated based on validation of the session ID. 19. The method of claim 12, wherein a disposable browser or application associated with the secure session is displayable on the user client device executing a thin client process. 20. The method of claim 12, further comprising providing a secure web container for initiating, executing, or establishing the secure session in the secure environment. | 2,900 |
349,563 | 29,726,212 | 2,915 | Disclosed herein are systems and methods that allow for secure access to websites and web-based applications and other resources available through the browser. Also described are systems and methods for invocation of a secure web container which may display data representative of a requesting party's application at a user's machine. The secure web container is invoked upon receipt of an API call from the requesting party. Thus, described in the present specification are systems and methods for constructing and destroying private, secure, browsing environments (a secure disposable web container), insulating the user and requesting parties from the threats associated with being online for the purposes of providing secure, policy-based interaction with a requesting party's online services. | 1. A system for providing a secure environment for interacting with websites using computing applications, the system comprising:
a client device interface comprising a secure channel operable to communicate with a user client device through an image protocol, wherein executable commands from a website are not transmitted from the website to the user client device; an authenticated service device in communication with the client device interface and operable to access and interact with the website, wherein the authenticated service device is operable to establish a secure environment for operating a secure session and to enable the user client device to access the website during the secure session; and a secure data store in communication with the authenticated service device, wherein the authenticated service device is operable to access the website and provide, using the image protocol and via the client device interface, content associated with the website to the user client device, and wherein user credentials for accessing the website are not transmitted directly from the user client device to the website. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a policy database operable to store policies for user access to and interaction with the website. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the secure data store operable to store the user credentials for accessing the website, and wherein access to the website is granted in accordance with the policies stored in the policy database. 4. The system of claim 2, further comprising:
a policy portal in communication with the policy database, wherein the policy portal is operable to provide access to an administrator for configuring the policies for user access to and interaction with the website. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the secure data store is operable to store the user credentials for accessing the website. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the user credentials are received from or are received by the authenticated service device. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the authenticated service device is further operable to establish a secure web container for initiating or executing the secure session in the secure environment. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is further operable to generate a session identifier (ID), wherein the session ID is assigned in a session database and wherein the session ID is associated with the user client device or a user associated with the user client device. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the secure session is initiated based on validation of the session ID. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the secure session is rendered by a thin client process. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein a disposable browser or application associated with the secure session is constructed at a start of the secure session and disposed at an end of the secure session. 12. A method for providing a secure environment for interacting with web servers using computing applications, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a client device interface comprising a secure channel operable to communicate with a user client device through an image protocol, wherein commands from a web server are not transmitted from the web server to the user client device; and providing an authenticating service device in communication with the client device interface, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to access and interact with the web server, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to establish a secure environment for operating a secure session and to enable the user client device to access the web server during the secure session, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to access the web server and provide, using the image protocol and via the client device interface, content associated with the web server to the user client device, and wherein user credentials for accessing the website are not transmitted directly from the user client device to the web server. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising providing a secure data store in communication with the authenticating service device, the secure data store operable to store the user credentials for accessing the web server. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising providing a policy database operable to store policies for user access to and interaction with the web server. 15. The method of claim 14, providing a policy portal in communication with the policy database, the policy portal operable to provide access to an administrator for configuring the policies for user access to and interaction with the web server. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the policies further comprise rules associated with at least one of a particular web server account, a global policy, and the web server. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the user credentials are fetched from or by the authenticating service device during the secure session. 18. The method of claim 12, further comprising generating a session ID, wherein the session ID is assigned in a session database, wherein the session ID is associated with the user client device or a user associated with the user client device, and wherein the secure session is initiated based on validation of the session ID. 19. The method of claim 12, wherein a disposable browser or application associated with the secure session is displayable on the user client device executing a thin client process. 20. The method of claim 12, further comprising providing a secure web container for initiating, executing, or establishing the secure session in the secure environment. | Disclosed herein are systems and methods that allow for secure access to websites and web-based applications and other resources available through the browser. Also described are systems and methods for invocation of a secure web container which may display data representative of a requesting party's application at a user's machine. The secure web container is invoked upon receipt of an API call from the requesting party. Thus, described in the present specification are systems and methods for constructing and destroying private, secure, browsing environments (a secure disposable web container), insulating the user and requesting parties from the threats associated with being online for the purposes of providing secure, policy-based interaction with a requesting party's online services.1. A system for providing a secure environment for interacting with websites using computing applications, the system comprising:
a client device interface comprising a secure channel operable to communicate with a user client device through an image protocol, wherein executable commands from a website are not transmitted from the website to the user client device; an authenticated service device in communication with the client device interface and operable to access and interact with the website, wherein the authenticated service device is operable to establish a secure environment for operating a secure session and to enable the user client device to access the website during the secure session; and a secure data store in communication with the authenticated service device, wherein the authenticated service device is operable to access the website and provide, using the image protocol and via the client device interface, content associated with the website to the user client device, and wherein user credentials for accessing the website are not transmitted directly from the user client device to the website. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a policy database operable to store policies for user access to and interaction with the website. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the secure data store operable to store the user credentials for accessing the website, and wherein access to the website is granted in accordance with the policies stored in the policy database. 4. The system of claim 2, further comprising:
a policy portal in communication with the policy database, wherein the policy portal is operable to provide access to an administrator for configuring the policies for user access to and interaction with the website. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the secure data store is operable to store the user credentials for accessing the website. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the user credentials are received from or are received by the authenticated service device. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the authenticated service device is further operable to establish a secure web container for initiating or executing the secure session in the secure environment. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is further operable to generate a session identifier (ID), wherein the session ID is assigned in a session database and wherein the session ID is associated with the user client device or a user associated with the user client device. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the secure session is initiated based on validation of the session ID. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the secure session is rendered by a thin client process. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein a disposable browser or application associated with the secure session is constructed at a start of the secure session and disposed at an end of the secure session. 12. A method for providing a secure environment for interacting with web servers using computing applications, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a client device interface comprising a secure channel operable to communicate with a user client device through an image protocol, wherein commands from a web server are not transmitted from the web server to the user client device; and providing an authenticating service device in communication with the client device interface, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to access and interact with the web server, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to establish a secure environment for operating a secure session and to enable the user client device to access the web server during the secure session, wherein the authenticating service device is operable to access the web server and provide, using the image protocol and via the client device interface, content associated with the web server to the user client device, and wherein user credentials for accessing the website are not transmitted directly from the user client device to the web server. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising providing a secure data store in communication with the authenticating service device, the secure data store operable to store the user credentials for accessing the web server. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising providing a policy database operable to store policies for user access to and interaction with the web server. 15. The method of claim 14, providing a policy portal in communication with the policy database, the policy portal operable to provide access to an administrator for configuring the policies for user access to and interaction with the web server. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the policies further comprise rules associated with at least one of a particular web server account, a global policy, and the web server. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the user credentials are fetched from or by the authenticating service device during the secure session. 18. The method of claim 12, further comprising generating a session ID, wherein the session ID is assigned in a session database, wherein the session ID is associated with the user client device or a user associated with the user client device, and wherein the secure session is initiated based on validation of the session ID. 19. The method of claim 12, wherein a disposable browser or application associated with the secure session is displayable on the user client device executing a thin client process. 20. The method of claim 12, further comprising providing a secure web container for initiating, executing, or establishing the secure session in the secure environment. | 2,900 |
349,564 | 16,873,238 | 2,915 | A garment printing machine is provided with a transportable platen that can be utilized to significantly decrease the delay in printing expended in loading and unloading a garment for printing in either a digitized garment printing machine or a screen garment printing machine. The platen is provided with structure that holds a print receiving area of a garment firmly in position atop a print panel support plate that forms a part of the platen. Furthermore, the invention includes a platen support structure that cooperates with the conventional couplings on existing conventional garment printing machines. A plurality of transportable platens constructed according to the invention are utilized interchangeably so that while one garment loaded on one of the platens is being printed upon in the printing machine, the prior garment just printed upon is unloaded and the next garment to be printed is loaded onto another identical platen. This totally avoids any delay in printing due to loading and unloading of garments on the platens. | 1. A platen for use on a garment printing machine for printing on a garment having a print receiving portion and a capturable portion comprised of
a horizontally extending garment mount including: a rigid base plate having an undersurface, an upper surface, a forward end and an opposing rear end, a spacer secured atop said rigid base plate, a print panel support plate having a bottom surface and a top, flat upwardly facing surface for supporting at least said print receiving portion of said garment, and said print panel support plate is secured at said bottom surface thereof atop said spacer so as to create at least a first gap between said bottom surface of said print panel support plate and said upper surface of said base plate, whereby said at least a first gap is adapted to receive a part of said garment therewithin so that said print receiving portion of said garment resides atop said upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate, and
a stretching apparatus at least part of which is located above said garment mount and is advanceable downwardly toward said garment mount to stretch said print receiving portion of said garment in at least a fore and aft direction while holding said capturable portion of said garment between said rigid base plate and said print panel support plate and pressing said print receiving portion of said garment against said upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate while immobilizing said print receiving portion of said garment relative to said garment mount. 2. A platen according to claim 1 wherein said garment has a forward portion and a rearward portion, and said capturable portion of said garment is located between said forward portion and said print receiving portion of said garment, and said spacer is a pedestal secured atop said rigid base plate between said forward and rearward ends of said base plate, so as to create both said first gap and a second gap between said bottom surface of said print panel support plate and said upper surface of said base plate, and said pedestal holds said print panel support plate immovable and parallel to said rigid base plate, whereby said first gap is adapted to receive said capturable portion of said garment therewithin,
and said stretching apparatus is comprised of first and second independently movable elements for immobilizing at least said print receiving portion of said garment, and said stretching apparatus is comprised of a garment depressing mechanism including said first independently movable horizontal element that extends laterally and is movable to a garment depressing position above said rigid base plate and is secured to said garment mount to extend across the entire width of said base plate in spaced vertical separation from said upper surface thereof, and said first independently movable element has opposing end extremities, and is engageable with said forward portion of said garment when said capturable portion of said garment is received in said first gap so that said first independently movable element urges said forward portion of said garment into contact with said flat upper surface of said base plate, and holds said captuable portion of said garment within said first gap, and
said second independently movable element of said stretching apparatus is secured to said garment mount and has a transverse fabric engaging member extending across said upper surface of said base plate, and stretching arms having proximal ends and distal ends and said stretching arms are located on opposite sides of said garment mount and said distal ends of said stretching arms are connected to said end extremities of said transverse fabric engaging member and said proximal ends of said stretching arms are located below said top upwardly facing surface of said base plate, and said stretching arms are secured to said garment mount on opposite sides thereof at hinge connections located on a first common, transverse axis of rotation beneath said upper surface of said base plate to carry said transverse fabric engaging member in rotational movement relative to said base plate so that said transverse fabric engaging member is movable in rotation to a position at said second gap behind said pedestal to force a part of said rearward portion of said garment into said second gap, thereby stretching said print receiving portion of said garment in a fore and aft direction and urging it into contact with said flat upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate. 3. A platen according to claim 2 wherein each of said stretching arms is extendable from a retracted position to an extended position, whereby said distal ends thereof are forced further from said proximal ends thereof when said stretching arms are in said extended position then when said stretching arms are in said retracted position, and said stretching arms are biased toward said retracted position. 4. A platen according to claim 3 wherein each of said stretching arms is comprised of a piston, a cylinder, and a spring, and said spring biases said piston and said cylinder toward each other, thereby biasing each of said spring arms toward said retracted position. 5. A platen according to claim 2 wherein said garment depressing mechanism is further comprised of mounting arms located on opposite sides of said rigid baseplate, and said mounting arms each have a distal end connected to said opposing and extremities of said first independently movable element and proximal ends secured to said garment mount on opposite sides of said rigid base plate. 6. A platen according to claim 5 further comprising hinge connections joining said proximal ends of said mounting arms to said garment mount so that said mounting arms are rotatable about a second common transverse axis of rotation beneath said upper surface of said baseplate to carry said first independently movable element in rotation about said second common axis of rotation to said garment depressing position. 7. A platen according to claim 2 wherein said garment mount is further comprised of a pair of mutually parallel guide strips depending from said undersurface of said ridgid baseplate between said forward and rearward ends thereof, whereby said guide strips act to guide said garment mount laterally into position atop both a platen support on said garment printing machine when said guide mount is placed thereon and a master garment loading and unloading station when said guide mount is placed thereon. 8. A platen according to claim 7 further comprising a plurality of reciprocally movable locking pins located on and secured to each of said guide strips and said locking pins are reciprocally movable relative to and in spaced separation from said undersurface of said baseplate in a direction parallel to said common axes of rotation. 9. A platen according to claim 1 wherein said print panel support plate has a peripheral margin vertically recessed below said top, upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate and said stretching apparatus is comprised of a frame having a window opening defined therein and a peripheral rim that resides above said peripheral margin so that when said frame is lowered onto said print panel support plate while said print receiving portion of said garment is positioned atop said top, upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate, said capturable portion of said garment surrounds said print receiving portion thereof and said rim presses said capturable portion of said garment into said recessed, peripheral margin of said print panel support plate, thereby stretching said print receiving portion in fore and aft and lateral directions and pressing said print receiving portion of said garment against said top, upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate while immobilizing said print receiving portion of said garment relative to said print panel support plate, and said frame extends vertically no higher than said top, upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate. 10. A platen according to claim 9 wherein said spacer is a laterally extending spacing strip located at said rear end of said rigid base plate so as to form said at least a first gap between said rigid base plate and said print panel support plate forwardly of said spacing strip. 11. A platen according to claim 10 wherein a laterally elongated window is defined in said baseplate proximate said forward end thereof and remote from said spacing strip. 12. A platen according to claim 9 further comprising a pair of mutually parallel, longitudinally extending guide strips secured to said undersurface of said baseplate. 13. A platen according to claim 1 wherein said garment also has a forward portion and a rearward portion and said capturable portion of said garment is located between said the forward portion and said print receiving portion of said garment, and wherein said spacer is a pedestal secured atop said rigid baseplate between said forward and rearward end of said baseplate, so as to create both said first gap and a second gap between said bottom surface of said print panel support plate and said upper surface of said baseplate, and said pedestal holds said print panel support plate immovable and parallel to said rigid baseplate, whereby said first gap is adapted to receive said capturable portion of said garment therewithin, and said stretching apparatus is comprised of first and second movable elements for immobilizing at least said print receiving portion of said garment, and said stretching apparatus is further comprised of a garment depressing mechanism including said first movable element that extends horizontally and laterally above said rigid baseplate and is secured to said garment mount to extend across the entire width of said baseplate in spaced vertical separation from said upper surface thereof, and said first movable element is a laterally extending member that has opposing end extremities and is engageable with said forward portion of said garment when said capturable portion of said garment is received in said first gap so that said first movable element urges said forward portion of said garment into contact with said top, flat upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate, and said second, movable element of said stretching apparatus is secured to said garment mount and has a transverse member extending across said upper surface of said baseplate, and stretching arms having proximal ends and distal ends on opposite side of said garment mount, and said distal ends of said stretching arms are connected to said end extremities of said transverse member and said proximal ends of said stretching arms are located below said top upwardly facing surface of said baseplate, and said stretching arms are secured to said garment mount on opposite sides thereof at hinge connections located on a common, transverse axis of rotation beneath said upper surface of said baseplate and forwardly of said spacer to carry said transverse member in rotational movement relative to said baseplate, so that said transverse member is movable in rotation to a position at said second gap behind said pedestal to force a part of said rearward portion of said garment into said second gap, thereby stretching said print receiving portion of said garment in a fore and aft direction and urging it into contact with said flat upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate. 14. A platen for use on a garment printing machine for printing on a garment having a print receiving portion, and a capturable portion comprised of:
a horizontally extending garment mount including: a rigid base plate having an undersurface, an upper surface, a forward end and an opposing rear end, a spacer secured atop said rigid base plate, a print panel support plate having a bottom surface and a top, flat upwardly facing surface for supporting at least said print receiving portion of said garment, and said print panel support plate is secured at said bottom surface thereof atop said spacer so as to create at least a first gap between said bottom surface of said print panel support plate and said upper surface of said baseplate, whereby said first gap is adapted to receive at least a part of said garment therewithin, so that, so that said print receiving portion of said garment resides atop said upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate, and a stretching apparatus above said garment mount that is movable toward said garment mount to stretch said print receiving portion of said garment while immobilizing said capturable portion of said garment and pressing said print receiving portion of said garment against said top, upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate to immobilize said print receiving portion of said garment relative to said print panel support plate. 15. A platen for use on a garment printing machine for printing on a garment having a print receiving portion and a capturable portion comprised of:
a horizontally extending garment mount including:
a rigid base plate having an undersurface, an upper surface, a forward end and an opposing rear end,
a spacer secured a top said rigid base plate,
a print panel support plate having a bottom surface and a top, flat upwardly facing surface for supporting at least said print receiving portion of said garment, and said print panel support plate has a peripheral margin vertically recessed below said top, upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate,
a stretching apparatus comprised of a frame having a window opening defined thereon and a peripheral rim that resides above said peripheral margin of said print panel support plate so that when said frame is lowered onto said print panel support plate while said print receiving portion of said garment is positioned atop said top, upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate, said capturable portion of said garment surrounds said print receiving portion of said garment and said rim presses said capturable portion of said garment into said recessed, peripheral margin of said print panel support plate, thereby stretching said print receiving portion in all lateral directions and pressing said print receiving portion of said garment against said upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate while immobilizing said print receiving portion of said garment relative to said print panel support plate. 16. A platen according to claim 15 wherein said spacer is a laterally extending spacing strip located at said rear end of said rigid base plate so as to form a gap between said rigid base plate and said print panel support plate forwardly of said spacing strip. 17. A platen according to claim 16 wherein a laterally elongated window is defined in said baseplate proximate said forward end thereof and remote from said spacing strip. 18. A platen according to claim 16 further comprising a pair of mutually parallel, longitudinally extending guide strips secured to said undersurface of said baseplate between said forward and rearward ends thereof. | A garment printing machine is provided with a transportable platen that can be utilized to significantly decrease the delay in printing expended in loading and unloading a garment for printing in either a digitized garment printing machine or a screen garment printing machine. The platen is provided with structure that holds a print receiving area of a garment firmly in position atop a print panel support plate that forms a part of the platen. Furthermore, the invention includes a platen support structure that cooperates with the conventional couplings on existing conventional garment printing machines. A plurality of transportable platens constructed according to the invention are utilized interchangeably so that while one garment loaded on one of the platens is being printed upon in the printing machine, the prior garment just printed upon is unloaded and the next garment to be printed is loaded onto another identical platen. This totally avoids any delay in printing due to loading and unloading of garments on the platens.1. A platen for use on a garment printing machine for printing on a garment having a print receiving portion and a capturable portion comprised of
a horizontally extending garment mount including: a rigid base plate having an undersurface, an upper surface, a forward end and an opposing rear end, a spacer secured atop said rigid base plate, a print panel support plate having a bottom surface and a top, flat upwardly facing surface for supporting at least said print receiving portion of said garment, and said print panel support plate is secured at said bottom surface thereof atop said spacer so as to create at least a first gap between said bottom surface of said print panel support plate and said upper surface of said base plate, whereby said at least a first gap is adapted to receive a part of said garment therewithin so that said print receiving portion of said garment resides atop said upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate, and
a stretching apparatus at least part of which is located above said garment mount and is advanceable downwardly toward said garment mount to stretch said print receiving portion of said garment in at least a fore and aft direction while holding said capturable portion of said garment between said rigid base plate and said print panel support plate and pressing said print receiving portion of said garment against said upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate while immobilizing said print receiving portion of said garment relative to said garment mount. 2. A platen according to claim 1 wherein said garment has a forward portion and a rearward portion, and said capturable portion of said garment is located between said forward portion and said print receiving portion of said garment, and said spacer is a pedestal secured atop said rigid base plate between said forward and rearward ends of said base plate, so as to create both said first gap and a second gap between said bottom surface of said print panel support plate and said upper surface of said base plate, and said pedestal holds said print panel support plate immovable and parallel to said rigid base plate, whereby said first gap is adapted to receive said capturable portion of said garment therewithin,
and said stretching apparatus is comprised of first and second independently movable elements for immobilizing at least said print receiving portion of said garment, and said stretching apparatus is comprised of a garment depressing mechanism including said first independently movable horizontal element that extends laterally and is movable to a garment depressing position above said rigid base plate and is secured to said garment mount to extend across the entire width of said base plate in spaced vertical separation from said upper surface thereof, and said first independently movable element has opposing end extremities, and is engageable with said forward portion of said garment when said capturable portion of said garment is received in said first gap so that said first independently movable element urges said forward portion of said garment into contact with said flat upper surface of said base plate, and holds said captuable portion of said garment within said first gap, and
said second independently movable element of said stretching apparatus is secured to said garment mount and has a transverse fabric engaging member extending across said upper surface of said base plate, and stretching arms having proximal ends and distal ends and said stretching arms are located on opposite sides of said garment mount and said distal ends of said stretching arms are connected to said end extremities of said transverse fabric engaging member and said proximal ends of said stretching arms are located below said top upwardly facing surface of said base plate, and said stretching arms are secured to said garment mount on opposite sides thereof at hinge connections located on a first common, transverse axis of rotation beneath said upper surface of said base plate to carry said transverse fabric engaging member in rotational movement relative to said base plate so that said transverse fabric engaging member is movable in rotation to a position at said second gap behind said pedestal to force a part of said rearward portion of said garment into said second gap, thereby stretching said print receiving portion of said garment in a fore and aft direction and urging it into contact with said flat upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate. 3. A platen according to claim 2 wherein each of said stretching arms is extendable from a retracted position to an extended position, whereby said distal ends thereof are forced further from said proximal ends thereof when said stretching arms are in said extended position then when said stretching arms are in said retracted position, and said stretching arms are biased toward said retracted position. 4. A platen according to claim 3 wherein each of said stretching arms is comprised of a piston, a cylinder, and a spring, and said spring biases said piston and said cylinder toward each other, thereby biasing each of said spring arms toward said retracted position. 5. A platen according to claim 2 wherein said garment depressing mechanism is further comprised of mounting arms located on opposite sides of said rigid baseplate, and said mounting arms each have a distal end connected to said opposing and extremities of said first independently movable element and proximal ends secured to said garment mount on opposite sides of said rigid base plate. 6. A platen according to claim 5 further comprising hinge connections joining said proximal ends of said mounting arms to said garment mount so that said mounting arms are rotatable about a second common transverse axis of rotation beneath said upper surface of said baseplate to carry said first independently movable element in rotation about said second common axis of rotation to said garment depressing position. 7. A platen according to claim 2 wherein said garment mount is further comprised of a pair of mutually parallel guide strips depending from said undersurface of said ridgid baseplate between said forward and rearward ends thereof, whereby said guide strips act to guide said garment mount laterally into position atop both a platen support on said garment printing machine when said guide mount is placed thereon and a master garment loading and unloading station when said guide mount is placed thereon. 8. A platen according to claim 7 further comprising a plurality of reciprocally movable locking pins located on and secured to each of said guide strips and said locking pins are reciprocally movable relative to and in spaced separation from said undersurface of said baseplate in a direction parallel to said common axes of rotation. 9. A platen according to claim 1 wherein said print panel support plate has a peripheral margin vertically recessed below said top, upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate and said stretching apparatus is comprised of a frame having a window opening defined therein and a peripheral rim that resides above said peripheral margin so that when said frame is lowered onto said print panel support plate while said print receiving portion of said garment is positioned atop said top, upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate, said capturable portion of said garment surrounds said print receiving portion thereof and said rim presses said capturable portion of said garment into said recessed, peripheral margin of said print panel support plate, thereby stretching said print receiving portion in fore and aft and lateral directions and pressing said print receiving portion of said garment against said top, upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate while immobilizing said print receiving portion of said garment relative to said print panel support plate, and said frame extends vertically no higher than said top, upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate. 10. A platen according to claim 9 wherein said spacer is a laterally extending spacing strip located at said rear end of said rigid base plate so as to form said at least a first gap between said rigid base plate and said print panel support plate forwardly of said spacing strip. 11. A platen according to claim 10 wherein a laterally elongated window is defined in said baseplate proximate said forward end thereof and remote from said spacing strip. 12. A platen according to claim 9 further comprising a pair of mutually parallel, longitudinally extending guide strips secured to said undersurface of said baseplate. 13. A platen according to claim 1 wherein said garment also has a forward portion and a rearward portion and said capturable portion of said garment is located between said the forward portion and said print receiving portion of said garment, and wherein said spacer is a pedestal secured atop said rigid baseplate between said forward and rearward end of said baseplate, so as to create both said first gap and a second gap between said bottom surface of said print panel support plate and said upper surface of said baseplate, and said pedestal holds said print panel support plate immovable and parallel to said rigid baseplate, whereby said first gap is adapted to receive said capturable portion of said garment therewithin, and said stretching apparatus is comprised of first and second movable elements for immobilizing at least said print receiving portion of said garment, and said stretching apparatus is further comprised of a garment depressing mechanism including said first movable element that extends horizontally and laterally above said rigid baseplate and is secured to said garment mount to extend across the entire width of said baseplate in spaced vertical separation from said upper surface thereof, and said first movable element is a laterally extending member that has opposing end extremities and is engageable with said forward portion of said garment when said capturable portion of said garment is received in said first gap so that said first movable element urges said forward portion of said garment into contact with said top, flat upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate, and said second, movable element of said stretching apparatus is secured to said garment mount and has a transverse member extending across said upper surface of said baseplate, and stretching arms having proximal ends and distal ends on opposite side of said garment mount, and said distal ends of said stretching arms are connected to said end extremities of said transverse member and said proximal ends of said stretching arms are located below said top upwardly facing surface of said baseplate, and said stretching arms are secured to said garment mount on opposite sides thereof at hinge connections located on a common, transverse axis of rotation beneath said upper surface of said baseplate and forwardly of said spacer to carry said transverse member in rotational movement relative to said baseplate, so that said transverse member is movable in rotation to a position at said second gap behind said pedestal to force a part of said rearward portion of said garment into said second gap, thereby stretching said print receiving portion of said garment in a fore and aft direction and urging it into contact with said flat upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate. 14. A platen for use on a garment printing machine for printing on a garment having a print receiving portion, and a capturable portion comprised of:
a horizontally extending garment mount including: a rigid base plate having an undersurface, an upper surface, a forward end and an opposing rear end, a spacer secured atop said rigid base plate, a print panel support plate having a bottom surface and a top, flat upwardly facing surface for supporting at least said print receiving portion of said garment, and said print panel support plate is secured at said bottom surface thereof atop said spacer so as to create at least a first gap between said bottom surface of said print panel support plate and said upper surface of said baseplate, whereby said first gap is adapted to receive at least a part of said garment therewithin, so that, so that said print receiving portion of said garment resides atop said upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate, and a stretching apparatus above said garment mount that is movable toward said garment mount to stretch said print receiving portion of said garment while immobilizing said capturable portion of said garment and pressing said print receiving portion of said garment against said top, upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate to immobilize said print receiving portion of said garment relative to said print panel support plate. 15. A platen for use on a garment printing machine for printing on a garment having a print receiving portion and a capturable portion comprised of:
a horizontally extending garment mount including:
a rigid base plate having an undersurface, an upper surface, a forward end and an opposing rear end,
a spacer secured a top said rigid base plate,
a print panel support plate having a bottom surface and a top, flat upwardly facing surface for supporting at least said print receiving portion of said garment, and said print panel support plate has a peripheral margin vertically recessed below said top, upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate,
a stretching apparatus comprised of a frame having a window opening defined thereon and a peripheral rim that resides above said peripheral margin of said print panel support plate so that when said frame is lowered onto said print panel support plate while said print receiving portion of said garment is positioned atop said top, upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate, said capturable portion of said garment surrounds said print receiving portion of said garment and said rim presses said capturable portion of said garment into said recessed, peripheral margin of said print panel support plate, thereby stretching said print receiving portion in all lateral directions and pressing said print receiving portion of said garment against said upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate while immobilizing said print receiving portion of said garment relative to said print panel support plate. 16. A platen according to claim 15 wherein said spacer is a laterally extending spacing strip located at said rear end of said rigid base plate so as to form a gap between said rigid base plate and said print panel support plate forwardly of said spacing strip. 17. A platen according to claim 16 wherein a laterally elongated window is defined in said baseplate proximate said forward end thereof and remote from said spacing strip. 18. A platen according to claim 16 further comprising a pair of mutually parallel, longitudinally extending guide strips secured to said undersurface of said baseplate between said forward and rearward ends thereof. | 2,900 |
349,565 | 29,726,203 | 2,914 | A garment printing machine is provided with a transportable platen that can be utilized to significantly decrease the delay in printing expended in loading and unloading a garment for printing in either a digitized garment printing machine or a screen garment printing machine. The platen is provided with structure that holds a print receiving area of a garment firmly in position atop a print panel support plate that forms a part of the platen. Furthermore, the invention includes a platen support structure that cooperates with the conventional couplings on existing conventional garment printing machines. A plurality of transportable platens constructed according to the invention are utilized interchangeably so that while one garment loaded on one of the platens is being printed upon in the printing machine, the prior garment just printed upon is unloaded and the next garment to be printed is loaded onto another identical platen. This totally avoids any delay in printing due to loading and unloading of garments on the platens. | 1. A platen for use on a garment printing machine for printing on a garment having a print receiving portion and a capturable portion comprised of
a horizontally extending garment mount including: a rigid base plate having an undersurface, an upper surface, a forward end and an opposing rear end, a spacer secured atop said rigid base plate, a print panel support plate having a bottom surface and a top, flat upwardly facing surface for supporting at least said print receiving portion of said garment, and said print panel support plate is secured at said bottom surface thereof atop said spacer so as to create at least a first gap between said bottom surface of said print panel support plate and said upper surface of said base plate, whereby said at least a first gap is adapted to receive a part of said garment therewithin so that said print receiving portion of said garment resides atop said upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate, and
a stretching apparatus at least part of which is located above said garment mount and is advanceable downwardly toward said garment mount to stretch said print receiving portion of said garment in at least a fore and aft direction while holding said capturable portion of said garment between said rigid base plate and said print panel support plate and pressing said print receiving portion of said garment against said upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate while immobilizing said print receiving portion of said garment relative to said garment mount. 2. A platen according to claim 1 wherein said garment has a forward portion and a rearward portion, and said capturable portion of said garment is located between said forward portion and said print receiving portion of said garment, and said spacer is a pedestal secured atop said rigid base plate between said forward and rearward ends of said base plate, so as to create both said first gap and a second gap between said bottom surface of said print panel support plate and said upper surface of said base plate, and said pedestal holds said print panel support plate immovable and parallel to said rigid base plate, whereby said first gap is adapted to receive said capturable portion of said garment therewithin,
and said stretching apparatus is comprised of first and second independently movable elements for immobilizing at least said print receiving portion of said garment, and said stretching apparatus is comprised of a garment depressing mechanism including said first independently movable horizontal element that extends laterally and is movable to a garment depressing position above said rigid base plate and is secured to said garment mount to extend across the entire width of said base plate in spaced vertical separation from said upper surface thereof, and said first independently movable element has opposing end extremities, and is engageable with said forward portion of said garment when said capturable portion of said garment is received in said first gap so that said first independently movable element urges said forward portion of said garment into contact with said flat upper surface of said base plate, and holds said captuable portion of said garment within said first gap, and
said second independently movable element of said stretching apparatus is secured to said garment mount and has a transverse fabric engaging member extending across said upper surface of said base plate, and stretching arms having proximal ends and distal ends and said stretching arms are located on opposite sides of said garment mount and said distal ends of said stretching arms are connected to said end extremities of said transverse fabric engaging member and said proximal ends of said stretching arms are located below said top upwardly facing surface of said base plate, and said stretching arms are secured to said garment mount on opposite sides thereof at hinge connections located on a first common, transverse axis of rotation beneath said upper surface of said base plate to carry said transverse fabric engaging member in rotational movement relative to said base plate so that said transverse fabric engaging member is movable in rotation to a position at said second gap behind said pedestal to force a part of said rearward portion of said garment into said second gap, thereby stretching said print receiving portion of said garment in a fore and aft direction and urging it into contact with said flat upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate. 3. A platen according to claim 2 wherein each of said stretching arms is extendable from a retracted position to an extended position, whereby said distal ends thereof are forced further from said proximal ends thereof when said stretching arms are in said extended position then when said stretching arms are in said retracted position, and said stretching arms are biased toward said retracted position. 4. A platen according to claim 3 wherein each of said stretching arms is comprised of a piston, a cylinder, and a spring, and said spring biases said piston and said cylinder toward each other, thereby biasing each of said spring arms toward said retracted position. 5. A platen according to claim 2 wherein said garment depressing mechanism is further comprised of mounting arms located on opposite sides of said rigid baseplate, and said mounting arms each have a distal end connected to said opposing and extremities of said first independently movable element and proximal ends secured to said garment mount on opposite sides of said rigid base plate. 6. A platen according to claim 5 further comprising hinge connections joining said proximal ends of said mounting arms to said garment mount so that said mounting arms are rotatable about a second common transverse axis of rotation beneath said upper surface of said baseplate to carry said first independently movable element in rotation about said second common axis of rotation to said garment depressing position. 7. A platen according to claim 2 wherein said garment mount is further comprised of a pair of mutually parallel guide strips depending from said undersurface of said ridgid baseplate between said forward and rearward ends thereof, whereby said guide strips act to guide said garment mount laterally into position atop both a platen support on said garment printing machine when said guide mount is placed thereon and a master garment loading and unloading station when said guide mount is placed thereon. 8. A platen according to claim 7 further comprising a plurality of reciprocally movable locking pins located on and secured to each of said guide strips and said locking pins are reciprocally movable relative to and in spaced separation from said undersurface of said baseplate in a direction parallel to said common axes of rotation. 9. A platen according to claim 1 wherein said print panel support plate has a peripheral margin vertically recessed below said top, upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate and said stretching apparatus is comprised of a frame having a window opening defined therein and a peripheral rim that resides above said peripheral margin so that when said frame is lowered onto said print panel support plate while said print receiving portion of said garment is positioned atop said top, upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate, said capturable portion of said garment surrounds said print receiving portion thereof and said rim presses said capturable portion of said garment into said recessed, peripheral margin of said print panel support plate, thereby stretching said print receiving portion in fore and aft and lateral directions and pressing said print receiving portion of said garment against said top, upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate while immobilizing said print receiving portion of said garment relative to said print panel support plate, and said frame extends vertically no higher than said top, upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate. 10. A platen according to claim 9 wherein said spacer is a laterally extending spacing strip located at said rear end of said rigid base plate so as to form said at least a first gap between said rigid base plate and said print panel support plate forwardly of said spacing strip. 11. A platen according to claim 10 wherein a laterally elongated window is defined in said baseplate proximate said forward end thereof and remote from said spacing strip. 12. A platen according to claim 9 further comprising a pair of mutually parallel, longitudinally extending guide strips secured to said undersurface of said baseplate. 13. A platen according to claim 1 wherein said garment also has a forward portion and a rearward portion and said capturable portion of said garment is located between said the forward portion and said print receiving portion of said garment, and wherein said spacer is a pedestal secured atop said rigid baseplate between said forward and rearward end of said baseplate, so as to create both said first gap and a second gap between said bottom surface of said print panel support plate and said upper surface of said baseplate, and said pedestal holds said print panel support plate immovable and parallel to said rigid baseplate, whereby said first gap is adapted to receive said capturable portion of said garment therewithin, and said stretching apparatus is comprised of first and second movable elements for immobilizing at least said print receiving portion of said garment, and said stretching apparatus is further comprised of a garment depressing mechanism including said first movable element that extends horizontally and laterally above said rigid baseplate and is secured to said garment mount to extend across the entire width of said baseplate in spaced vertical separation from said upper surface thereof, and said first movable element is a laterally extending member that has opposing end extremities and is engageable with said forward portion of said garment when said capturable portion of said garment is received in said first gap so that said first movable element urges said forward portion of said garment into contact with said top, flat upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate, and said second, movable element of said stretching apparatus is secured to said garment mount and has a transverse member extending across said upper surface of said baseplate, and stretching arms having proximal ends and distal ends on opposite side of said garment mount, and said distal ends of said stretching arms are connected to said end extremities of said transverse member and said proximal ends of said stretching arms are located below said top upwardly facing surface of said baseplate, and said stretching arms are secured to said garment mount on opposite sides thereof at hinge connections located on a common, transverse axis of rotation beneath said upper surface of said baseplate and forwardly of said spacer to carry said transverse member in rotational movement relative to said baseplate, so that said transverse member is movable in rotation to a position at said second gap behind said pedestal to force a part of said rearward portion of said garment into said second gap, thereby stretching said print receiving portion of said garment in a fore and aft direction and urging it into contact with said flat upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate. 14. A platen for use on a garment printing machine for printing on a garment having a print receiving portion, and a capturable portion comprised of:
a horizontally extending garment mount including: a rigid base plate having an undersurface, an upper surface, a forward end and an opposing rear end, a spacer secured atop said rigid base plate, a print panel support plate having a bottom surface and a top, flat upwardly facing surface for supporting at least said print receiving portion of said garment, and said print panel support plate is secured at said bottom surface thereof atop said spacer so as to create at least a first gap between said bottom surface of said print panel support plate and said upper surface of said baseplate, whereby said first gap is adapted to receive at least a part of said garment therewithin, so that, so that said print receiving portion of said garment resides atop said upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate, and a stretching apparatus above said garment mount that is movable toward said garment mount to stretch said print receiving portion of said garment while immobilizing said capturable portion of said garment and pressing said print receiving portion of said garment against said top, upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate to immobilize said print receiving portion of said garment relative to said print panel support plate. 15. A platen for use on a garment printing machine for printing on a garment having a print receiving portion and a capturable portion comprised of:
a horizontally extending garment mount including:
a rigid base plate having an undersurface, an upper surface, a forward end and an opposing rear end,
a spacer secured a top said rigid base plate,
a print panel support plate having a bottom surface and a top, flat upwardly facing surface for supporting at least said print receiving portion of said garment, and said print panel support plate has a peripheral margin vertically recessed below said top, upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate,
a stretching apparatus comprised of a frame having a window opening defined thereon and a peripheral rim that resides above said peripheral margin of said print panel support plate so that when said frame is lowered onto said print panel support plate while said print receiving portion of said garment is positioned atop said top, upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate, said capturable portion of said garment surrounds said print receiving portion of said garment and said rim presses said capturable portion of said garment into said recessed, peripheral margin of said print panel support plate, thereby stretching said print receiving portion in all lateral directions and pressing said print receiving portion of said garment against said upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate while immobilizing said print receiving portion of said garment relative to said print panel support plate. 16. A platen according to claim 15 wherein said spacer is a laterally extending spacing strip located at said rear end of said rigid base plate so as to form a gap between said rigid base plate and said print panel support plate forwardly of said spacing strip. 17. A platen according to claim 16 wherein a laterally elongated window is defined in said baseplate proximate said forward end thereof and remote from said spacing strip. 18. A platen according to claim 16 further comprising a pair of mutually parallel, longitudinally extending guide strips secured to said undersurface of said baseplate between said forward and rearward ends thereof. | A garment printing machine is provided with a transportable platen that can be utilized to significantly decrease the delay in printing expended in loading and unloading a garment for printing in either a digitized garment printing machine or a screen garment printing machine. The platen is provided with structure that holds a print receiving area of a garment firmly in position atop a print panel support plate that forms a part of the platen. Furthermore, the invention includes a platen support structure that cooperates with the conventional couplings on existing conventional garment printing machines. A plurality of transportable platens constructed according to the invention are utilized interchangeably so that while one garment loaded on one of the platens is being printed upon in the printing machine, the prior garment just printed upon is unloaded and the next garment to be printed is loaded onto another identical platen. This totally avoids any delay in printing due to loading and unloading of garments on the platens.1. A platen for use on a garment printing machine for printing on a garment having a print receiving portion and a capturable portion comprised of
a horizontally extending garment mount including: a rigid base plate having an undersurface, an upper surface, a forward end and an opposing rear end, a spacer secured atop said rigid base plate, a print panel support plate having a bottom surface and a top, flat upwardly facing surface for supporting at least said print receiving portion of said garment, and said print panel support plate is secured at said bottom surface thereof atop said spacer so as to create at least a first gap between said bottom surface of said print panel support plate and said upper surface of said base plate, whereby said at least a first gap is adapted to receive a part of said garment therewithin so that said print receiving portion of said garment resides atop said upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate, and
a stretching apparatus at least part of which is located above said garment mount and is advanceable downwardly toward said garment mount to stretch said print receiving portion of said garment in at least a fore and aft direction while holding said capturable portion of said garment between said rigid base plate and said print panel support plate and pressing said print receiving portion of said garment against said upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate while immobilizing said print receiving portion of said garment relative to said garment mount. 2. A platen according to claim 1 wherein said garment has a forward portion and a rearward portion, and said capturable portion of said garment is located between said forward portion and said print receiving portion of said garment, and said spacer is a pedestal secured atop said rigid base plate between said forward and rearward ends of said base plate, so as to create both said first gap and a second gap between said bottom surface of said print panel support plate and said upper surface of said base plate, and said pedestal holds said print panel support plate immovable and parallel to said rigid base plate, whereby said first gap is adapted to receive said capturable portion of said garment therewithin,
and said stretching apparatus is comprised of first and second independently movable elements for immobilizing at least said print receiving portion of said garment, and said stretching apparatus is comprised of a garment depressing mechanism including said first independently movable horizontal element that extends laterally and is movable to a garment depressing position above said rigid base plate and is secured to said garment mount to extend across the entire width of said base plate in spaced vertical separation from said upper surface thereof, and said first independently movable element has opposing end extremities, and is engageable with said forward portion of said garment when said capturable portion of said garment is received in said first gap so that said first independently movable element urges said forward portion of said garment into contact with said flat upper surface of said base plate, and holds said captuable portion of said garment within said first gap, and
said second independently movable element of said stretching apparatus is secured to said garment mount and has a transverse fabric engaging member extending across said upper surface of said base plate, and stretching arms having proximal ends and distal ends and said stretching arms are located on opposite sides of said garment mount and said distal ends of said stretching arms are connected to said end extremities of said transverse fabric engaging member and said proximal ends of said stretching arms are located below said top upwardly facing surface of said base plate, and said stretching arms are secured to said garment mount on opposite sides thereof at hinge connections located on a first common, transverse axis of rotation beneath said upper surface of said base plate to carry said transverse fabric engaging member in rotational movement relative to said base plate so that said transverse fabric engaging member is movable in rotation to a position at said second gap behind said pedestal to force a part of said rearward portion of said garment into said second gap, thereby stretching said print receiving portion of said garment in a fore and aft direction and urging it into contact with said flat upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate. 3. A platen according to claim 2 wherein each of said stretching arms is extendable from a retracted position to an extended position, whereby said distal ends thereof are forced further from said proximal ends thereof when said stretching arms are in said extended position then when said stretching arms are in said retracted position, and said stretching arms are biased toward said retracted position. 4. A platen according to claim 3 wherein each of said stretching arms is comprised of a piston, a cylinder, and a spring, and said spring biases said piston and said cylinder toward each other, thereby biasing each of said spring arms toward said retracted position. 5. A platen according to claim 2 wherein said garment depressing mechanism is further comprised of mounting arms located on opposite sides of said rigid baseplate, and said mounting arms each have a distal end connected to said opposing and extremities of said first independently movable element and proximal ends secured to said garment mount on opposite sides of said rigid base plate. 6. A platen according to claim 5 further comprising hinge connections joining said proximal ends of said mounting arms to said garment mount so that said mounting arms are rotatable about a second common transverse axis of rotation beneath said upper surface of said baseplate to carry said first independently movable element in rotation about said second common axis of rotation to said garment depressing position. 7. A platen according to claim 2 wherein said garment mount is further comprised of a pair of mutually parallel guide strips depending from said undersurface of said ridgid baseplate between said forward and rearward ends thereof, whereby said guide strips act to guide said garment mount laterally into position atop both a platen support on said garment printing machine when said guide mount is placed thereon and a master garment loading and unloading station when said guide mount is placed thereon. 8. A platen according to claim 7 further comprising a plurality of reciprocally movable locking pins located on and secured to each of said guide strips and said locking pins are reciprocally movable relative to and in spaced separation from said undersurface of said baseplate in a direction parallel to said common axes of rotation. 9. A platen according to claim 1 wherein said print panel support plate has a peripheral margin vertically recessed below said top, upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate and said stretching apparatus is comprised of a frame having a window opening defined therein and a peripheral rim that resides above said peripheral margin so that when said frame is lowered onto said print panel support plate while said print receiving portion of said garment is positioned atop said top, upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate, said capturable portion of said garment surrounds said print receiving portion thereof and said rim presses said capturable portion of said garment into said recessed, peripheral margin of said print panel support plate, thereby stretching said print receiving portion in fore and aft and lateral directions and pressing said print receiving portion of said garment against said top, upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate while immobilizing said print receiving portion of said garment relative to said print panel support plate, and said frame extends vertically no higher than said top, upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate. 10. A platen according to claim 9 wherein said spacer is a laterally extending spacing strip located at said rear end of said rigid base plate so as to form said at least a first gap between said rigid base plate and said print panel support plate forwardly of said spacing strip. 11. A platen according to claim 10 wherein a laterally elongated window is defined in said baseplate proximate said forward end thereof and remote from said spacing strip. 12. A platen according to claim 9 further comprising a pair of mutually parallel, longitudinally extending guide strips secured to said undersurface of said baseplate. 13. A platen according to claim 1 wherein said garment also has a forward portion and a rearward portion and said capturable portion of said garment is located between said the forward portion and said print receiving portion of said garment, and wherein said spacer is a pedestal secured atop said rigid baseplate between said forward and rearward end of said baseplate, so as to create both said first gap and a second gap between said bottom surface of said print panel support plate and said upper surface of said baseplate, and said pedestal holds said print panel support plate immovable and parallel to said rigid baseplate, whereby said first gap is adapted to receive said capturable portion of said garment therewithin, and said stretching apparatus is comprised of first and second movable elements for immobilizing at least said print receiving portion of said garment, and said stretching apparatus is further comprised of a garment depressing mechanism including said first movable element that extends horizontally and laterally above said rigid baseplate and is secured to said garment mount to extend across the entire width of said baseplate in spaced vertical separation from said upper surface thereof, and said first movable element is a laterally extending member that has opposing end extremities and is engageable with said forward portion of said garment when said capturable portion of said garment is received in said first gap so that said first movable element urges said forward portion of said garment into contact with said top, flat upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate, and said second, movable element of said stretching apparatus is secured to said garment mount and has a transverse member extending across said upper surface of said baseplate, and stretching arms having proximal ends and distal ends on opposite side of said garment mount, and said distal ends of said stretching arms are connected to said end extremities of said transverse member and said proximal ends of said stretching arms are located below said top upwardly facing surface of said baseplate, and said stretching arms are secured to said garment mount on opposite sides thereof at hinge connections located on a common, transverse axis of rotation beneath said upper surface of said baseplate and forwardly of said spacer to carry said transverse member in rotational movement relative to said baseplate, so that said transverse member is movable in rotation to a position at said second gap behind said pedestal to force a part of said rearward portion of said garment into said second gap, thereby stretching said print receiving portion of said garment in a fore and aft direction and urging it into contact with said flat upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate. 14. A platen for use on a garment printing machine for printing on a garment having a print receiving portion, and a capturable portion comprised of:
a horizontally extending garment mount including: a rigid base plate having an undersurface, an upper surface, a forward end and an opposing rear end, a spacer secured atop said rigid base plate, a print panel support plate having a bottom surface and a top, flat upwardly facing surface for supporting at least said print receiving portion of said garment, and said print panel support plate is secured at said bottom surface thereof atop said spacer so as to create at least a first gap between said bottom surface of said print panel support plate and said upper surface of said baseplate, whereby said first gap is adapted to receive at least a part of said garment therewithin, so that, so that said print receiving portion of said garment resides atop said upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate, and a stretching apparatus above said garment mount that is movable toward said garment mount to stretch said print receiving portion of said garment while immobilizing said capturable portion of said garment and pressing said print receiving portion of said garment against said top, upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate to immobilize said print receiving portion of said garment relative to said print panel support plate. 15. A platen for use on a garment printing machine for printing on a garment having a print receiving portion and a capturable portion comprised of:
a horizontally extending garment mount including:
a rigid base plate having an undersurface, an upper surface, a forward end and an opposing rear end,
a spacer secured a top said rigid base plate,
a print panel support plate having a bottom surface and a top, flat upwardly facing surface for supporting at least said print receiving portion of said garment, and said print panel support plate has a peripheral margin vertically recessed below said top, upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate,
a stretching apparatus comprised of a frame having a window opening defined thereon and a peripheral rim that resides above said peripheral margin of said print panel support plate so that when said frame is lowered onto said print panel support plate while said print receiving portion of said garment is positioned atop said top, upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate, said capturable portion of said garment surrounds said print receiving portion of said garment and said rim presses said capturable portion of said garment into said recessed, peripheral margin of said print panel support plate, thereby stretching said print receiving portion in all lateral directions and pressing said print receiving portion of said garment against said upwardly facing surface of said print panel support plate while immobilizing said print receiving portion of said garment relative to said print panel support plate. 16. A platen according to claim 15 wherein said spacer is a laterally extending spacing strip located at said rear end of said rigid base plate so as to form a gap between said rigid base plate and said print panel support plate forwardly of said spacing strip. 17. A platen according to claim 16 wherein a laterally elongated window is defined in said baseplate proximate said forward end thereof and remote from said spacing strip. 18. A platen according to claim 16 further comprising a pair of mutually parallel, longitudinally extending guide strips secured to said undersurface of said baseplate between said forward and rearward ends thereof. | 2,900 |
349,566 | 16,807,140 | 2,914 | A semiconductor device has an active region through which current flows and a termination structure region. On a front surface of a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type, a first semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type is provided. On a surface of the first semiconductor layer in the active region, a first parallel pn structure is provided including first columns of the first conductivity type and second columns of a second conductivity type disposed repeatedly alternating one another in a plane parallel to the front surface. In the termination structure region, a second parallel pn structure is provided including third columns of the first conductivity type and fourth columns of the second conductivity type disposed repeatedly alternating one another. On a surface of the second parallel pn structure, a first semiconductor region of the second conductivity type is provided including plural regions apart from one another. | 1. A superjunction semiconductor device having an active region through which current flows and a termination structure region having a voltage withstanding structure disposed at an outer side of the active region and surrounding a periphery of the active region, the superjunction semiconductor device comprising:
a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type, having a front surface and a back surface opposite to the front surface; a first semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type, provided on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate and having an impurity concentration lower than an impurity concentration of the semiconductor substrate; a first parallel pn structure provided on an upper surface of the first semiconductor layer in the active region and including a plurality of first columns of the first conductivity type and a plurality of second columns of a second conductivity type, the first columns and the second columns being disposed to repeatedly alternate with one another on a plane parallel to the front surface; a second parallel pn structure provided on the upper surface of the first semiconductor layer in the termination structure region and including a plurality of third columns of the first conductivity type and a plurality of fourth columns of the second conductivity type, the third columns and the fourth columns being disposed repeatedly to alternate with one another on a plane parallel to the front surface; a first semiconductor region of the second conductivity type, provided on a surface of the second parallel pn structure in the termination structure region, the first semiconductor region including a plurality of regions apart from each other; a plurality of second semiconductor regions of the second conductivity type, each of which is provided on a surface of one or more of the plurality of second columns and has a first side facing the semiconductor substrate and a second side opposite to the first side, each of the second semiconductor regions having a surface layer; a third semiconductor region of the first conductivity type selectively provided in the surface layer of each of the second semiconductor regions; a gate insulating film in contact with the second semiconductor regions and having a first surface in contact with the second semiconductor regions and a second surface opposite to the first surface; and a gate electrode provided on the second surface of the gate insulating film. 2. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the first semiconductor region includes a first region and a second region, the first region being apart from the second region and closer to the active region than is the second region. 3. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein
a ratio of respective widths of the first and second regions in a direction parallel to the front surface of the semiconductor substrate is in a range from 3:7 to 5:5. 4. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein
the first region and the second region each has an annular planar shape. 5. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
in a direction parallel to the front surface of the semiconductor substrate, a width of each of the plurality of first columns and a width of each of the plurality of second columns of the first parallel pn structure in the active region are greater than a width of each of the plurality of third columns and a width of each of the plurality of fourth columns of the second parallel pn structure in the termination structure region. 6. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising
a fourth semiconductor region of the first conductivity type on a surface at a first side of the first semiconductor region opposite to a second side of the first semiconductor region that faces the front surface of the semiconductor substrate. 7. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the first semiconductor region includes a first region, a second region positioned further from the active region than is the first region, a third region positioned further from the active region than is the second region, and a fourth region positioned further from the active region than is the third region. 8. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein
in a direction parallel to the front surface of the semiconductor substrate, a width w1 of the first region, a width w2 of the second region, a width w3 of the third region, and a width w4 of the fourth region satisfy w1≤w2≤w3≤w4. 9. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 7, further comprising
an electrode provided in the termination structure region, wherein the first region, the second region, the third region, and the fourth region are electrically connected to the electrode via one of the plurality of second semiconductor regions. 10. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein
the second parallel pn structure includes an inner structure having a first group of fourth columns among the plurality of fourth columns, and an outer structure positioned further from the active region than is the inner structure and having a second group of fourth columns among the plurality of fourth columns, and in a direction orthogonal to the front surface of the semiconductor substrate, a distance from the upper surface of the first semiconductor layer to a bottom of each of the second group of fourth columns among the plurality of fourth columns of the outer structure is less than or equal to a distance from the upper surface of the first semiconductor layer to a bottom of each of the first group of fourth columns among the plurality of fourth columns of the inner structure. 11. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein
at least one among the first region, the second region, the third region, and the fourth region has an impurity concentration that increases with proximity of the at least one to the active region. 12. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein
at least one among the first region, the second region, the third region, and the fourth region has a first part near the active region, a second part positioned further from the active region than is the first part, and a third part positioned further from the active region than is the second part, and an impurity concentration D1 of the first part, an impurity concentration D2 of the second part, and an impurity concentration D3 of the third part have ranges of ratios satisfying D1:D2=1.5:1 to 1.2:1 and D2:D3=1:0.75 to 1:0.5. 13. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 12, wherein
each of the first to third parts has an upper surface, the first semiconductor region has a center plane that is parallel to the front surface of the semiconductor substrate, and in a direction orthogonal to the front surface of the semiconductor substrate, a distance d1 from the upper surface of the first part to the center plane of the first semiconductor region, a distance d2 from the upper surface of the second part to the center plane of the first semiconductor region, and a distance d3 from the upper surface of the third part to the center plane of the first semiconductor region satisfy d1>d2>d3. 14. A method of manufacturing a superjunction semiconductor device having an active region through which current flows and a termination structure region having a voltage withstanding structure disposed at an outer side of the active region and surrounding a periphery of the active region, the method comprising:
in a first process, forming a first semiconductor layer of a first conductivity type on a front surface of a semiconductor substrate of the first conductivity type, an impurity concentration of the first semiconductor layer being lower than an impurity concentration of the semiconductor substrate; in a second process, forming, in the active region of the first semiconductor layer, a first parallel pn structure including a plurality of first columns of the first conductivity type and a plurality of second columns of a second conductivity type, the first columns and the second columns being disposed to repeatedly alternate with one another on a plane parallel to the front surface, and forming, in the termination structure region of the first semiconductor layer, a second parallel pn structure including a plurality of third columns of the first conductivity type and a plurality of fourth columns of the second conductivity type, the third columns and the fourth columns being disposed to repeatedly alternate with one another on a plane parallel to the front surface; in a third process, forming, in the active region, a second first parallel pn structure on a surface of the first parallel pn structure formed in the second process and forming, in the termination structure region, a first semiconductor region of the second conductivity type on a surface of the second parallel pn structure, the first semiconductor region including a plurality of regions apart from one another; in a fourth process, forming a plurality of second semiconductor regions of the second conductivity type each of which is formed on a surface of one or more of the plurality of second columns of the first parallel pn structure in the active region and has a first side facing toward the semiconductor substrate and a second side opposite to the first side, each of the second semiconductor regions having a surface layer; in a fifth process, selectively forming a third semiconductor region of the first conductivity type in the surface layer of each of the second semiconductor regions; in a sixth process, forming a gate insulating film in contact with the second semiconductor regions, the gate insulating film having a first surface in contact with the second semiconductor regions and a second surface opposite to the first surface; and in a seventh process, forming a gate electrode on the second surface of the gate insulating film. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein
in the third process, the second first parallel pn structure and the first semiconductor region are formed concurrently by epitaxial growth and an ion implantation. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein
a first opening width of a photoresist of the ion implantation when forming the second parallel pn structure is greater than a second opening width of the photoresist of the ion implantation when forming the first semiconductor region. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein
in the third process, an impurity is implanted in a plurality of areas by the ion implantation and the implanted impurity is diffused by a heat treatment to form the first semiconductor region. | A semiconductor device has an active region through which current flows and a termination structure region. On a front surface of a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type, a first semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type is provided. On a surface of the first semiconductor layer in the active region, a first parallel pn structure is provided including first columns of the first conductivity type and second columns of a second conductivity type disposed repeatedly alternating one another in a plane parallel to the front surface. In the termination structure region, a second parallel pn structure is provided including third columns of the first conductivity type and fourth columns of the second conductivity type disposed repeatedly alternating one another. On a surface of the second parallel pn structure, a first semiconductor region of the second conductivity type is provided including plural regions apart from one another.1. A superjunction semiconductor device having an active region through which current flows and a termination structure region having a voltage withstanding structure disposed at an outer side of the active region and surrounding a periphery of the active region, the superjunction semiconductor device comprising:
a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type, having a front surface and a back surface opposite to the front surface; a first semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type, provided on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate and having an impurity concentration lower than an impurity concentration of the semiconductor substrate; a first parallel pn structure provided on an upper surface of the first semiconductor layer in the active region and including a plurality of first columns of the first conductivity type and a plurality of second columns of a second conductivity type, the first columns and the second columns being disposed to repeatedly alternate with one another on a plane parallel to the front surface; a second parallel pn structure provided on the upper surface of the first semiconductor layer in the termination structure region and including a plurality of third columns of the first conductivity type and a plurality of fourth columns of the second conductivity type, the third columns and the fourth columns being disposed repeatedly to alternate with one another on a plane parallel to the front surface; a first semiconductor region of the second conductivity type, provided on a surface of the second parallel pn structure in the termination structure region, the first semiconductor region including a plurality of regions apart from each other; a plurality of second semiconductor regions of the second conductivity type, each of which is provided on a surface of one or more of the plurality of second columns and has a first side facing the semiconductor substrate and a second side opposite to the first side, each of the second semiconductor regions having a surface layer; a third semiconductor region of the first conductivity type selectively provided in the surface layer of each of the second semiconductor regions; a gate insulating film in contact with the second semiconductor regions and having a first surface in contact with the second semiconductor regions and a second surface opposite to the first surface; and a gate electrode provided on the second surface of the gate insulating film. 2. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the first semiconductor region includes a first region and a second region, the first region being apart from the second region and closer to the active region than is the second region. 3. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein
a ratio of respective widths of the first and second regions in a direction parallel to the front surface of the semiconductor substrate is in a range from 3:7 to 5:5. 4. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein
the first region and the second region each has an annular planar shape. 5. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
in a direction parallel to the front surface of the semiconductor substrate, a width of each of the plurality of first columns and a width of each of the plurality of second columns of the first parallel pn structure in the active region are greater than a width of each of the plurality of third columns and a width of each of the plurality of fourth columns of the second parallel pn structure in the termination structure region. 6. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising
a fourth semiconductor region of the first conductivity type on a surface at a first side of the first semiconductor region opposite to a second side of the first semiconductor region that faces the front surface of the semiconductor substrate. 7. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the first semiconductor region includes a first region, a second region positioned further from the active region than is the first region, a third region positioned further from the active region than is the second region, and a fourth region positioned further from the active region than is the third region. 8. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein
in a direction parallel to the front surface of the semiconductor substrate, a width w1 of the first region, a width w2 of the second region, a width w3 of the third region, and a width w4 of the fourth region satisfy w1≤w2≤w3≤w4. 9. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 7, further comprising
an electrode provided in the termination structure region, wherein the first region, the second region, the third region, and the fourth region are electrically connected to the electrode via one of the plurality of second semiconductor regions. 10. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein
the second parallel pn structure includes an inner structure having a first group of fourth columns among the plurality of fourth columns, and an outer structure positioned further from the active region than is the inner structure and having a second group of fourth columns among the plurality of fourth columns, and in a direction orthogonal to the front surface of the semiconductor substrate, a distance from the upper surface of the first semiconductor layer to a bottom of each of the second group of fourth columns among the plurality of fourth columns of the outer structure is less than or equal to a distance from the upper surface of the first semiconductor layer to a bottom of each of the first group of fourth columns among the plurality of fourth columns of the inner structure. 11. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein
at least one among the first region, the second region, the third region, and the fourth region has an impurity concentration that increases with proximity of the at least one to the active region. 12. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein
at least one among the first region, the second region, the third region, and the fourth region has a first part near the active region, a second part positioned further from the active region than is the first part, and a third part positioned further from the active region than is the second part, and an impurity concentration D1 of the first part, an impurity concentration D2 of the second part, and an impurity concentration D3 of the third part have ranges of ratios satisfying D1:D2=1.5:1 to 1.2:1 and D2:D3=1:0.75 to 1:0.5. 13. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 12, wherein
each of the first to third parts has an upper surface, the first semiconductor region has a center plane that is parallel to the front surface of the semiconductor substrate, and in a direction orthogonal to the front surface of the semiconductor substrate, a distance d1 from the upper surface of the first part to the center plane of the first semiconductor region, a distance d2 from the upper surface of the second part to the center plane of the first semiconductor region, and a distance d3 from the upper surface of the third part to the center plane of the first semiconductor region satisfy d1>d2>d3. 14. A method of manufacturing a superjunction semiconductor device having an active region through which current flows and a termination structure region having a voltage withstanding structure disposed at an outer side of the active region and surrounding a periphery of the active region, the method comprising:
in a first process, forming a first semiconductor layer of a first conductivity type on a front surface of a semiconductor substrate of the first conductivity type, an impurity concentration of the first semiconductor layer being lower than an impurity concentration of the semiconductor substrate; in a second process, forming, in the active region of the first semiconductor layer, a first parallel pn structure including a plurality of first columns of the first conductivity type and a plurality of second columns of a second conductivity type, the first columns and the second columns being disposed to repeatedly alternate with one another on a plane parallel to the front surface, and forming, in the termination structure region of the first semiconductor layer, a second parallel pn structure including a plurality of third columns of the first conductivity type and a plurality of fourth columns of the second conductivity type, the third columns and the fourth columns being disposed to repeatedly alternate with one another on a plane parallel to the front surface; in a third process, forming, in the active region, a second first parallel pn structure on a surface of the first parallel pn structure formed in the second process and forming, in the termination structure region, a first semiconductor region of the second conductivity type on a surface of the second parallel pn structure, the first semiconductor region including a plurality of regions apart from one another; in a fourth process, forming a plurality of second semiconductor regions of the second conductivity type each of which is formed on a surface of one or more of the plurality of second columns of the first parallel pn structure in the active region and has a first side facing toward the semiconductor substrate and a second side opposite to the first side, each of the second semiconductor regions having a surface layer; in a fifth process, selectively forming a third semiconductor region of the first conductivity type in the surface layer of each of the second semiconductor regions; in a sixth process, forming a gate insulating film in contact with the second semiconductor regions, the gate insulating film having a first surface in contact with the second semiconductor regions and a second surface opposite to the first surface; and in a seventh process, forming a gate electrode on the second surface of the gate insulating film. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein
in the third process, the second first parallel pn structure and the first semiconductor region are formed concurrently by epitaxial growth and an ion implantation. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein
a first opening width of a photoresist of the ion implantation when forming the second parallel pn structure is greater than a second opening width of the photoresist of the ion implantation when forming the first semiconductor region. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein
in the third process, an impurity is implanted in a plurality of areas by the ion implantation and the implanted impurity is diffused by a heat treatment to form the first semiconductor region. | 2,900 |
349,567 | 29,726,233 | 2,917 | A semiconductor device has an active region through which current flows and a termination structure region. On a front surface of a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type, a first semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type is provided. On a surface of the first semiconductor layer in the active region, a first parallel pn structure is provided including first columns of the first conductivity type and second columns of a second conductivity type disposed repeatedly alternating one another in a plane parallel to the front surface. In the termination structure region, a second parallel pn structure is provided including third columns of the first conductivity type and fourth columns of the second conductivity type disposed repeatedly alternating one another. On a surface of the second parallel pn structure, a first semiconductor region of the second conductivity type is provided including plural regions apart from one another. | 1. A superjunction semiconductor device having an active region through which current flows and a termination structure region having a voltage withstanding structure disposed at an outer side of the active region and surrounding a periphery of the active region, the superjunction semiconductor device comprising:
a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type, having a front surface and a back surface opposite to the front surface; a first semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type, provided on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate and having an impurity concentration lower than an impurity concentration of the semiconductor substrate; a first parallel pn structure provided on an upper surface of the first semiconductor layer in the active region and including a plurality of first columns of the first conductivity type and a plurality of second columns of a second conductivity type, the first columns and the second columns being disposed to repeatedly alternate with one another on a plane parallel to the front surface; a second parallel pn structure provided on the upper surface of the first semiconductor layer in the termination structure region and including a plurality of third columns of the first conductivity type and a plurality of fourth columns of the second conductivity type, the third columns and the fourth columns being disposed repeatedly to alternate with one another on a plane parallel to the front surface; a first semiconductor region of the second conductivity type, provided on a surface of the second parallel pn structure in the termination structure region, the first semiconductor region including a plurality of regions apart from each other; a plurality of second semiconductor regions of the second conductivity type, each of which is provided on a surface of one or more of the plurality of second columns and has a first side facing the semiconductor substrate and a second side opposite to the first side, each of the second semiconductor regions having a surface layer; a third semiconductor region of the first conductivity type selectively provided in the surface layer of each of the second semiconductor regions; a gate insulating film in contact with the second semiconductor regions and having a first surface in contact with the second semiconductor regions and a second surface opposite to the first surface; and a gate electrode provided on the second surface of the gate insulating film. 2. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the first semiconductor region includes a first region and a second region, the first region being apart from the second region and closer to the active region than is the second region. 3. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein
a ratio of respective widths of the first and second regions in a direction parallel to the front surface of the semiconductor substrate is in a range from 3:7 to 5:5. 4. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein
the first region and the second region each has an annular planar shape. 5. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
in a direction parallel to the front surface of the semiconductor substrate, a width of each of the plurality of first columns and a width of each of the plurality of second columns of the first parallel pn structure in the active region are greater than a width of each of the plurality of third columns and a width of each of the plurality of fourth columns of the second parallel pn structure in the termination structure region. 6. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising
a fourth semiconductor region of the first conductivity type on a surface at a first side of the first semiconductor region opposite to a second side of the first semiconductor region that faces the front surface of the semiconductor substrate. 7. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the first semiconductor region includes a first region, a second region positioned further from the active region than is the first region, a third region positioned further from the active region than is the second region, and a fourth region positioned further from the active region than is the third region. 8. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein
in a direction parallel to the front surface of the semiconductor substrate, a width w1 of the first region, a width w2 of the second region, a width w3 of the third region, and a width w4 of the fourth region satisfy w1≤w2≤w3≤w4. 9. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 7, further comprising
an electrode provided in the termination structure region, wherein the first region, the second region, the third region, and the fourth region are electrically connected to the electrode via one of the plurality of second semiconductor regions. 10. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein
the second parallel pn structure includes an inner structure having a first group of fourth columns among the plurality of fourth columns, and an outer structure positioned further from the active region than is the inner structure and having a second group of fourth columns among the plurality of fourth columns, and in a direction orthogonal to the front surface of the semiconductor substrate, a distance from the upper surface of the first semiconductor layer to a bottom of each of the second group of fourth columns among the plurality of fourth columns of the outer structure is less than or equal to a distance from the upper surface of the first semiconductor layer to a bottom of each of the first group of fourth columns among the plurality of fourth columns of the inner structure. 11. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein
at least one among the first region, the second region, the third region, and the fourth region has an impurity concentration that increases with proximity of the at least one to the active region. 12. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein
at least one among the first region, the second region, the third region, and the fourth region has a first part near the active region, a second part positioned further from the active region than is the first part, and a third part positioned further from the active region than is the second part, and an impurity concentration D1 of the first part, an impurity concentration D2 of the second part, and an impurity concentration D3 of the third part have ranges of ratios satisfying D1:D2=1.5:1 to 1.2:1 and D2:D3=1:0.75 to 1:0.5. 13. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 12, wherein
each of the first to third parts has an upper surface, the first semiconductor region has a center plane that is parallel to the front surface of the semiconductor substrate, and in a direction orthogonal to the front surface of the semiconductor substrate, a distance d1 from the upper surface of the first part to the center plane of the first semiconductor region, a distance d2 from the upper surface of the second part to the center plane of the first semiconductor region, and a distance d3 from the upper surface of the third part to the center plane of the first semiconductor region satisfy d1>d2>d3. 14. A method of manufacturing a superjunction semiconductor device having an active region through which current flows and a termination structure region having a voltage withstanding structure disposed at an outer side of the active region and surrounding a periphery of the active region, the method comprising:
in a first process, forming a first semiconductor layer of a first conductivity type on a front surface of a semiconductor substrate of the first conductivity type, an impurity concentration of the first semiconductor layer being lower than an impurity concentration of the semiconductor substrate; in a second process, forming, in the active region of the first semiconductor layer, a first parallel pn structure including a plurality of first columns of the first conductivity type and a plurality of second columns of a second conductivity type, the first columns and the second columns being disposed to repeatedly alternate with one another on a plane parallel to the front surface, and forming, in the termination structure region of the first semiconductor layer, a second parallel pn structure including a plurality of third columns of the first conductivity type and a plurality of fourth columns of the second conductivity type, the third columns and the fourth columns being disposed to repeatedly alternate with one another on a plane parallel to the front surface; in a third process, forming, in the active region, a second first parallel pn structure on a surface of the first parallel pn structure formed in the second process and forming, in the termination structure region, a first semiconductor region of the second conductivity type on a surface of the second parallel pn structure, the first semiconductor region including a plurality of regions apart from one another; in a fourth process, forming a plurality of second semiconductor regions of the second conductivity type each of which is formed on a surface of one or more of the plurality of second columns of the first parallel pn structure in the active region and has a first side facing toward the semiconductor substrate and a second side opposite to the first side, each of the second semiconductor regions having a surface layer; in a fifth process, selectively forming a third semiconductor region of the first conductivity type in the surface layer of each of the second semiconductor regions; in a sixth process, forming a gate insulating film in contact with the second semiconductor regions, the gate insulating film having a first surface in contact with the second semiconductor regions and a second surface opposite to the first surface; and in a seventh process, forming a gate electrode on the second surface of the gate insulating film. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein
in the third process, the second first parallel pn structure and the first semiconductor region are formed concurrently by epitaxial growth and an ion implantation. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein
a first opening width of a photoresist of the ion implantation when forming the second parallel pn structure is greater than a second opening width of the photoresist of the ion implantation when forming the first semiconductor region. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein
in the third process, an impurity is implanted in a plurality of areas by the ion implantation and the implanted impurity is diffused by a heat treatment to form the first semiconductor region. | A semiconductor device has an active region through which current flows and a termination structure region. On a front surface of a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type, a first semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type is provided. On a surface of the first semiconductor layer in the active region, a first parallel pn structure is provided including first columns of the first conductivity type and second columns of a second conductivity type disposed repeatedly alternating one another in a plane parallel to the front surface. In the termination structure region, a second parallel pn structure is provided including third columns of the first conductivity type and fourth columns of the second conductivity type disposed repeatedly alternating one another. On a surface of the second parallel pn structure, a first semiconductor region of the second conductivity type is provided including plural regions apart from one another.1. A superjunction semiconductor device having an active region through which current flows and a termination structure region having a voltage withstanding structure disposed at an outer side of the active region and surrounding a periphery of the active region, the superjunction semiconductor device comprising:
a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type, having a front surface and a back surface opposite to the front surface; a first semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type, provided on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate and having an impurity concentration lower than an impurity concentration of the semiconductor substrate; a first parallel pn structure provided on an upper surface of the first semiconductor layer in the active region and including a plurality of first columns of the first conductivity type and a plurality of second columns of a second conductivity type, the first columns and the second columns being disposed to repeatedly alternate with one another on a plane parallel to the front surface; a second parallel pn structure provided on the upper surface of the first semiconductor layer in the termination structure region and including a plurality of third columns of the first conductivity type and a plurality of fourth columns of the second conductivity type, the third columns and the fourth columns being disposed repeatedly to alternate with one another on a plane parallel to the front surface; a first semiconductor region of the second conductivity type, provided on a surface of the second parallel pn structure in the termination structure region, the first semiconductor region including a plurality of regions apart from each other; a plurality of second semiconductor regions of the second conductivity type, each of which is provided on a surface of one or more of the plurality of second columns and has a first side facing the semiconductor substrate and a second side opposite to the first side, each of the second semiconductor regions having a surface layer; a third semiconductor region of the first conductivity type selectively provided in the surface layer of each of the second semiconductor regions; a gate insulating film in contact with the second semiconductor regions and having a first surface in contact with the second semiconductor regions and a second surface opposite to the first surface; and a gate electrode provided on the second surface of the gate insulating film. 2. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the first semiconductor region includes a first region and a second region, the first region being apart from the second region and closer to the active region than is the second region. 3. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein
a ratio of respective widths of the first and second regions in a direction parallel to the front surface of the semiconductor substrate is in a range from 3:7 to 5:5. 4. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein
the first region and the second region each has an annular planar shape. 5. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
in a direction parallel to the front surface of the semiconductor substrate, a width of each of the plurality of first columns and a width of each of the plurality of second columns of the first parallel pn structure in the active region are greater than a width of each of the plurality of third columns and a width of each of the plurality of fourth columns of the second parallel pn structure in the termination structure region. 6. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising
a fourth semiconductor region of the first conductivity type on a surface at a first side of the first semiconductor region opposite to a second side of the first semiconductor region that faces the front surface of the semiconductor substrate. 7. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the first semiconductor region includes a first region, a second region positioned further from the active region than is the first region, a third region positioned further from the active region than is the second region, and a fourth region positioned further from the active region than is the third region. 8. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein
in a direction parallel to the front surface of the semiconductor substrate, a width w1 of the first region, a width w2 of the second region, a width w3 of the third region, and a width w4 of the fourth region satisfy w1≤w2≤w3≤w4. 9. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 7, further comprising
an electrode provided in the termination structure region, wherein the first region, the second region, the third region, and the fourth region are electrically connected to the electrode via one of the plurality of second semiconductor regions. 10. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein
the second parallel pn structure includes an inner structure having a first group of fourth columns among the plurality of fourth columns, and an outer structure positioned further from the active region than is the inner structure and having a second group of fourth columns among the plurality of fourth columns, and in a direction orthogonal to the front surface of the semiconductor substrate, a distance from the upper surface of the first semiconductor layer to a bottom of each of the second group of fourth columns among the plurality of fourth columns of the outer structure is less than or equal to a distance from the upper surface of the first semiconductor layer to a bottom of each of the first group of fourth columns among the plurality of fourth columns of the inner structure. 11. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein
at least one among the first region, the second region, the third region, and the fourth region has an impurity concentration that increases with proximity of the at least one to the active region. 12. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein
at least one among the first region, the second region, the third region, and the fourth region has a first part near the active region, a second part positioned further from the active region than is the first part, and a third part positioned further from the active region than is the second part, and an impurity concentration D1 of the first part, an impurity concentration D2 of the second part, and an impurity concentration D3 of the third part have ranges of ratios satisfying D1:D2=1.5:1 to 1.2:1 and D2:D3=1:0.75 to 1:0.5. 13. The superjunction semiconductor device according to claim 12, wherein
each of the first to third parts has an upper surface, the first semiconductor region has a center plane that is parallel to the front surface of the semiconductor substrate, and in a direction orthogonal to the front surface of the semiconductor substrate, a distance d1 from the upper surface of the first part to the center plane of the first semiconductor region, a distance d2 from the upper surface of the second part to the center plane of the first semiconductor region, and a distance d3 from the upper surface of the third part to the center plane of the first semiconductor region satisfy d1>d2>d3. 14. A method of manufacturing a superjunction semiconductor device having an active region through which current flows and a termination structure region having a voltage withstanding structure disposed at an outer side of the active region and surrounding a periphery of the active region, the method comprising:
in a first process, forming a first semiconductor layer of a first conductivity type on a front surface of a semiconductor substrate of the first conductivity type, an impurity concentration of the first semiconductor layer being lower than an impurity concentration of the semiconductor substrate; in a second process, forming, in the active region of the first semiconductor layer, a first parallel pn structure including a plurality of first columns of the first conductivity type and a plurality of second columns of a second conductivity type, the first columns and the second columns being disposed to repeatedly alternate with one another on a plane parallel to the front surface, and forming, in the termination structure region of the first semiconductor layer, a second parallel pn structure including a plurality of third columns of the first conductivity type and a plurality of fourth columns of the second conductivity type, the third columns and the fourth columns being disposed to repeatedly alternate with one another on a plane parallel to the front surface; in a third process, forming, in the active region, a second first parallel pn structure on a surface of the first parallel pn structure formed in the second process and forming, in the termination structure region, a first semiconductor region of the second conductivity type on a surface of the second parallel pn structure, the first semiconductor region including a plurality of regions apart from one another; in a fourth process, forming a plurality of second semiconductor regions of the second conductivity type each of which is formed on a surface of one or more of the plurality of second columns of the first parallel pn structure in the active region and has a first side facing toward the semiconductor substrate and a second side opposite to the first side, each of the second semiconductor regions having a surface layer; in a fifth process, selectively forming a third semiconductor region of the first conductivity type in the surface layer of each of the second semiconductor regions; in a sixth process, forming a gate insulating film in contact with the second semiconductor regions, the gate insulating film having a first surface in contact with the second semiconductor regions and a second surface opposite to the first surface; and in a seventh process, forming a gate electrode on the second surface of the gate insulating film. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein
in the third process, the second first parallel pn structure and the first semiconductor region are formed concurrently by epitaxial growth and an ion implantation. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein
a first opening width of a photoresist of the ion implantation when forming the second parallel pn structure is greater than a second opening width of the photoresist of the ion implantation when forming the first semiconductor region. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein
in the third process, an impurity is implanted in a plurality of areas by the ion implantation and the implanted impurity is diffused by a heat treatment to form the first semiconductor region. | 2,900 |
349,568 | 16,807,155 | 2,917 | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire. | 1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire.1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | 2,900 |
349,569 | 16,807,159 | 2,917 | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire. | 1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire.1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | 2,900 |
349,570 | 29,726,228 | 2,924 | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire. | 1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire.1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | 2,900 |
349,571 | 29,726,235 | 2,924 | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire. | 1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire.1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | 2,900 |
349,572 | 29,726,205 | 2,912 | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire. | 1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire.1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | 2,900 |
349,573 | 29,726,229 | 2,912 | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire. | 1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire.1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | 2,900 |
349,574 | 29,726,204 | 2,912 | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire. | 1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire.1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | 2,900 |
349,575 | 29,726,253 | 2,912 | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire. | 1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire.1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | 2,900 |
349,576 | 29,726,257 | 2,911 | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire. | 1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire.1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | 2,900 |
349,577 | 29,726,247 | 2,911 | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire. | 1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire.1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | 2,900 |
349,578 | 29,726,226 | 2,911 | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire. | 1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire.1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | 2,900 |
349,579 | 29,726,232 | 2,911 | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire. | 1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire.1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | 2,900 |
349,580 | 29,726,248 | 2,925 | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire. | 1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire.1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | 2,900 |
349,581 | 29,726,219 | 2,925 | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire. | 1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire.1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | 2,900 |
349,582 | 29,726,245 | 2,917 | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire. | 1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire.1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | 2,900 |
349,583 | 29,726,242 | 2,917 | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire. | 1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire.1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | 2,900 |
349,584 | 29,726,259 | 2,917 | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire. | 1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | A line bypass system includes a support structure including a first support portion and a second support portion spaced apart from the first support portion. The support structure includes an attachment portion that attaches the first support portion to the second support portion. The first support portion and the second support portion define a first opening on a first side of the attachment portion and a second opening on a second side of the attachment portion. The first opening movably receives a first guide wire and the second opening movably receives a second guide wire.1. A line bypass system comprising:
a first support portion defining a first opening; a first guide device defining a second opening; and a first connecting structure configured to pass through the first opening and the second opening to connect the first guide device to the first support portion, wherein the first guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 2. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure has a first dimension, the second opening has a second dimension, and the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. 3. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting structure is a threaded connector. 4. The line bypass system of claim 1, wherein the first support portion defines a third opening, and the line bypass system comprises:
a second guide device defining a fourth opening; and a second connecting structure configured to pass through the third opening and the fourth opening to connect the second guide device to the first support portion, wherein the second guide device defines a first channel into which a first wire portion of a second guide wire is received and the first channel extends a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the second guide wire extends. 5. The line bypass system of claim 1, comprising a second support portion defining a fifth opening, the second support portion separated a distance from the first support portion, the first connecting structure configured to pass through the fifth opening to connect the second support portion to the first support portion. 6. The line bypass system of claim 5, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion define an opening configured to movably receive the first guide device. 7. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure defining a first channel, into which a first section of a first wire portion of a guide wire is received, and a second channel, into which a first section of a second wire portion of the guide wire is received; and a second support structure defining a third channel, into which a second section of the first wire portion is received, and a fourth channel, into which a second section of the second wire portion is received. 8. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the fourth channel extends non-parallel to the third channel. 9. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the first wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the first wire portion. 10. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the second section of the second wire portion is contiguous with the first section of the second wire portion. 11. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein the support structure defines the first channel along a first side of the support structure and the support structure defines the second channel along an opposing second side of the support structure. 12. The line bypass system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure define a fifth channel into which a first section of a shield wire is received. 13. The line bypass system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the support structure or the second support structure comprising a fin configured to limit rotation of a robot traversing the shield wire. 14. A line bypass system comprising:
an attachment structure configured to attach the line bypass system to a suspension device; and a first guide device coupled to the attachment structure and defining a first channel into which a first wire portion of a first guide wire is received, the first channel extending a distance in a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which the first guide wire extends. 15. The line bypass system of claim 14, wherein the first guide device defines a second channel, the first channel is defined along a first side of the first guide device, and the second channel is defined along an opposing second side of the first guide device. 16. The line bypass system of claim 15, wherein the second channel and the first channel taper into each other such that the first guide wire engages a shield wire. 17. A line bypass system comprising:
a support structure comprising:
a mid-section;
a first flange to a first side of the mid-section;
a second flange to a second side of the mid-section, the second side opposite the first side relative to the mid-section;
a first projection projecting from the first flange, wherein a first opening is defined between the mid-section and the first projection, the first opening configured to movably receive a first guide wire; and
a second projection projecting from the second flange, wherein a second opening is defined between the mid-section and the second projection, the second opening configured to movably receive a second guide wire. 18. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising an attachment structure configured to attach to a suspension device such that the support structure is supported below the suspension device. 19. The line bypass system of claim 17, wherein the first flange extends along a first flange axis and the second flange extends along a second flange axis, the first flange axis not parallel to the second flange axis. 20. The line bypass system of claim 17, comprising:
a third flange to the first side of the mid-section; and a fourth flange to the second side of the mid-section, wherein:
the first flange and the third flange define a third opening to receive a first guide device for the first guide wire, and
the second flange and the fourth flange define a fourth opening to receive a second guide device for the second guide wire. | 2,900 |
349,585 | 16,807,114 | 2,917 | The present disclosure provides a method and an apparatus for sequence determination, a device and a storage medium. The method for sequence determination includes: mapping a first bit sequence having a length of K bits to a specified position based on M_index to obtain a second bit sequence; applying Polar encoding to the second bit sequence to obtain a Polar encoded bit sequence; and selecting T bits based on the Polar encoded bit sequence as a bit sequence to be transmitted, where K and T are both non-negative integers and K≤T. | 1. A method for channel coding, comprising:
mapping a first bit sequence having a length of K bits to a second bit sequence based on an index indicating a first permutation pattern; applying Polar encoding to the second bit sequence to obtain a Polar encoded bit sequence; forming a first matrix based on the Polar encoded bit sequence; determining a second matrix by applying a second permutation pattern to the first matrix; and selecting T bits based on the second matrix, where K and T are both non-negative integers, wherein the first matrix is Mog, Mog=[{y0},{y1}, . . . ,{yR vb −1}]T or Mog=[{z0},{z1}, . . . ,{zC vb −1}], and wherein {y0}=[x0,x1,x2, . . . ,xC vb −1],{y1}=[xC vb ,xC vb +1,xC vb +2, . . . ,x2C vb −1], . . . , {yR vb−1 }=[x(R vb−1 )×C vb ,x(R vb−1 )×C vb +1,x(R vb−1 )×C vb +2, . . . ,xR vb ×C vb −1],{z0}=[x0,x1,x2, . . . ,xC vb −1]T, {z1}=[xR vb ,xR vb +1,xR vb +2, . . . ,x2R vb −1]T, . . . ,{zC vb−1 }=[x(C vb−1 )×R vb ,x(C vb−1 )×R vb +1,x(C vb−1 )×R vb +2, . . . ,xC vb ×R vb −1]T, and wherein x0, x1, x2, . . . , xR vb ×C vb −1 is the Polar encoded bit sequence, and wherein Rvb and Cvb are both non-negative integers. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to mapping the first bit sequence:
applying a first predetermined transform to a first index matrix to obtain a second index matrix, and determining an index based on the second index matrix, wherein the first predetermined transform comprises a row permutation or a column permutation. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the second index matrix is Mre having Rre rows and Cre columns, and wherein the first index matrix is 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the applying the first predetermined transform comprises at least one of:
determining an i-th column of Mre based on a π1(i)-th column of Mor using column permutation, wherein 0≤i≤Cre−1, 0≤π1(i)≤Cre−1, Rre×Cre≥N, and i and π1(i) are both non-negative integers; or determining a j-th row of Mre based on a π2(j)-th row of Mor using row permutation, wherein 0≤j≤Rre−1, 0≤π2(j)≤Rre−1, Rre×Cre≥N, and j and π2(j) are both non-negative integers. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein π1(i) is determined to be π1(i)={I}, wherein {I} is a sequence determined based on organizing numerical results resulted from applying a function f(r) to column indices r of Mor in ascending or descending order, wherein 0≤r≤Cre−1. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein f(r) comprises 7. A device for channel coding, comprising:
a processor; and a memory including processor executable code, wherein the processor executable code upon execution by the processor configures the processor to: map a first bit sequence having a length of K bits to a second bit sequence based on an index indicating a first permutation pattern; apply Polar encoding to the second bit sequence to obtain a Polar encoded bit sequence; form a first matrix based on the Polar encoded bit sequence; determine a second matrix by applying a second permutation pattern to the first matrix; and select T bits based on the second matrix, wherein K and T are both non-negative integers, wherein the first matrix is Mog, Mog=[{y0},{y1}, . . . ,{yR vb −1}]T or Mog=[{z0},{z1}, . . . ,{zC vb −1}], and wherein {y0}=[x0,x1,x2, . . . ,xC vb −1],{y1}=[xC vb ,xC vb +1,xC vb +2, . . . ,x2C vb −1], . . . , {yR vb−1 }=[x(R vb−1 )×C vb ,x(R vb−1 )×C vb +1,x(R vb−1 )×C vb +2, . . . ,xR vb ×C vb −1],{z0}=[x0,x1,x2, . . . ,xC vb −1]T, {z1}=[xR vb ,xR vb +1,xR vb +2, . . . ,x2R vb −1]T, . . . ,{zC vb−1 }=[x(C vb−1 )×R vb ,x(C vb−1 )×R vb +1,x(C vb−1 )×R vb +2, . . . ,xC vb ×R vb −1]T, and wherein x0, x1, x2, . . . , xR vb ×C vb −1 is the Polar encoded bit sequence, and wherein Rvb and Cvb are both non-negative integers. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to, prior to mapping the first bit sequence:
apply a first predetermined transform to a first index matrix to obtain a second index matrix, and determine an index based on the second index matrix, wherein the first predetermined transform comprises a row permutation or a column permutation. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the second index matrix is Mre having Rre rows and Cre columns, and wherein the first index matrix is 10. The device of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to apply the first predetermined transform based on at least one of:
determining an i-th column of Mre based on a π1(i)-th column of Mor using column permutation, wherein 0≤i≤Cre−1, 0≤π1(i)≤Cre−1, Rre×Cre≥N, and i and π1(i) are both non-negative integers; or determining a j-th row of Mre based on a π2(j)-th row of Mor using row permutation, wherein 0≤j≤Rre−1, 0≤π2(j)≤Rre−1, Rre×Cre≥N, and j and π2(j) are both non-negative integers. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein π1(i) is determined to be π1(i)={I}, wherein {I} is a sequence determined based on organizing numerical results resulted from applying a function f(r) to column indices r of Mor in ascending or descending order, wherein 0≤r≤Cre−1. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein f(r) comprises 13. A non-transitory storage medium having code stored thereon, the code upon execution by a processor, causing the processor to implement a method that comprises:
mapping a first bit sequence having a length of K bits to a second bit sequence based on an index indicating a first permutation pattern; applying Polar encoding to the second bit sequence to obtain a Polar encoded bit sequence; forming a first matrix based on the Polar encoded bit sequence; determining a second matrix by applying a second permutation pattern to the first matrix; selecting T bits based on the second matrix, where K and T are both non-negative integers, wherein the first matrix is Mog, Mog=[{y0},{y1}, . . . ,{yR vb −1}]T or Mog=[{z0},{z1}, . . . ,{zC vb −1}], and wherein {y0}=[x0,x1,x2, . . . ,xC vb −1],{y1}=[xC vb ,xC vb +1,xC vb +2, . . . ,x2C vb −1], . . . , {yR vb−1 }=[x(R vb−1 )×C vb ,x(R vb−1 )×C vb +1,x(R vb−1 )×C vb +2, . . . ,xR vb ×C vb −1],{z0}=[x0,x1,x2, . . . ,xC vb −1]T, {z1}=[xR vb ,xR vb +1,xR vb +2, . . . ,x2R vb −1]T, . . . ,{zC vb−1 }=[x(C vb−1 )×R vb ,x(C vb−1 )×R vb +1,x(C vb−1 )×R vb +2, . . . ,xC vb ×R vb −1]T, and wherein x0, x1, x2, . . . , xR vb ×C vb −1 is the Polar encoded bit sequence, and wherein Rvb and Cvb are both non-negative integers. 14. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 13, wherein the method further comprises, prior to mapping the first bit sequence:
applying a first predetermined transform to a first index matrix to obtain a second index matrix, and determining an index based on the second index matrix, wherein the first predetermined transform comprises a row permutation or a column permutation. 15. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 14, wherein the second index matrix is Mre having Rre rows and Cre columns, and wherein the first index matrix is 16. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 14, wherein the applying the first predetermined transform comprises at least one of:
determining an i-th column of Mre based on a π1(i)-th column of Mor using column permutation, wherein 0≤i≤Cre−1, 0≤π1(i)≤Cre−1, Rre×Cre≥N, and i and π1(i) are both non-negative integers; or determining a j-th row of Mre based on a π2(j)-th row of Mor using row permutation, wherein 0≤j≤Rre−1, 0≤π2(j)≤Rre−1, Rre×Cre≥N, and j and π2(j) are both non-negative integers. 17. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 16, wherein π1(i) is determined to be π1(i)={I}, wherein {I} is a sequence determined based on organizing numerical results resulted from applying a function f(r) to column indices r of Mor in ascending or descending order, wherein 0≤r≤Cre−1. 18. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 17, wherein f(r) comprises | The present disclosure provides a method and an apparatus for sequence determination, a device and a storage medium. The method for sequence determination includes: mapping a first bit sequence having a length of K bits to a specified position based on M_index to obtain a second bit sequence; applying Polar encoding to the second bit sequence to obtain a Polar encoded bit sequence; and selecting T bits based on the Polar encoded bit sequence as a bit sequence to be transmitted, where K and T are both non-negative integers and K≤T.1. A method for channel coding, comprising:
mapping a first bit sequence having a length of K bits to a second bit sequence based on an index indicating a first permutation pattern; applying Polar encoding to the second bit sequence to obtain a Polar encoded bit sequence; forming a first matrix based on the Polar encoded bit sequence; determining a second matrix by applying a second permutation pattern to the first matrix; and selecting T bits based on the second matrix, where K and T are both non-negative integers, wherein the first matrix is Mog, Mog=[{y0},{y1}, . . . ,{yR vb −1}]T or Mog=[{z0},{z1}, . . . ,{zC vb −1}], and wherein {y0}=[x0,x1,x2, . . . ,xC vb −1],{y1}=[xC vb ,xC vb +1,xC vb +2, . . . ,x2C vb −1], . . . , {yR vb−1 }=[x(R vb−1 )×C vb ,x(R vb−1 )×C vb +1,x(R vb−1 )×C vb +2, . . . ,xR vb ×C vb −1],{z0}=[x0,x1,x2, . . . ,xC vb −1]T, {z1}=[xR vb ,xR vb +1,xR vb +2, . . . ,x2R vb −1]T, . . . ,{zC vb−1 }=[x(C vb−1 )×R vb ,x(C vb−1 )×R vb +1,x(C vb−1 )×R vb +2, . . . ,xC vb ×R vb −1]T, and wherein x0, x1, x2, . . . , xR vb ×C vb −1 is the Polar encoded bit sequence, and wherein Rvb and Cvb are both non-negative integers. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to mapping the first bit sequence:
applying a first predetermined transform to a first index matrix to obtain a second index matrix, and determining an index based on the second index matrix, wherein the first predetermined transform comprises a row permutation or a column permutation. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the second index matrix is Mre having Rre rows and Cre columns, and wherein the first index matrix is 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the applying the first predetermined transform comprises at least one of:
determining an i-th column of Mre based on a π1(i)-th column of Mor using column permutation, wherein 0≤i≤Cre−1, 0≤π1(i)≤Cre−1, Rre×Cre≥N, and i and π1(i) are both non-negative integers; or determining a j-th row of Mre based on a π2(j)-th row of Mor using row permutation, wherein 0≤j≤Rre−1, 0≤π2(j)≤Rre−1, Rre×Cre≥N, and j and π2(j) are both non-negative integers. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein π1(i) is determined to be π1(i)={I}, wherein {I} is a sequence determined based on organizing numerical results resulted from applying a function f(r) to column indices r of Mor in ascending or descending order, wherein 0≤r≤Cre−1. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein f(r) comprises 7. A device for channel coding, comprising:
a processor; and a memory including processor executable code, wherein the processor executable code upon execution by the processor configures the processor to: map a first bit sequence having a length of K bits to a second bit sequence based on an index indicating a first permutation pattern; apply Polar encoding to the second bit sequence to obtain a Polar encoded bit sequence; form a first matrix based on the Polar encoded bit sequence; determine a second matrix by applying a second permutation pattern to the first matrix; and select T bits based on the second matrix, wherein K and T are both non-negative integers, wherein the first matrix is Mog, Mog=[{y0},{y1}, . . . ,{yR vb −1}]T or Mog=[{z0},{z1}, . . . ,{zC vb −1}], and wherein {y0}=[x0,x1,x2, . . . ,xC vb −1],{y1}=[xC vb ,xC vb +1,xC vb +2, . . . ,x2C vb −1], . . . , {yR vb−1 }=[x(R vb−1 )×C vb ,x(R vb−1 )×C vb +1,x(R vb−1 )×C vb +2, . . . ,xR vb ×C vb −1],{z0}=[x0,x1,x2, . . . ,xC vb −1]T, {z1}=[xR vb ,xR vb +1,xR vb +2, . . . ,x2R vb −1]T, . . . ,{zC vb−1 }=[x(C vb−1 )×R vb ,x(C vb−1 )×R vb +1,x(C vb−1 )×R vb +2, . . . ,xC vb ×R vb −1]T, and wherein x0, x1, x2, . . . , xR vb ×C vb −1 is the Polar encoded bit sequence, and wherein Rvb and Cvb are both non-negative integers. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to, prior to mapping the first bit sequence:
apply a first predetermined transform to a first index matrix to obtain a second index matrix, and determine an index based on the second index matrix, wherein the first predetermined transform comprises a row permutation or a column permutation. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the second index matrix is Mre having Rre rows and Cre columns, and wherein the first index matrix is 10. The device of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to apply the first predetermined transform based on at least one of:
determining an i-th column of Mre based on a π1(i)-th column of Mor using column permutation, wherein 0≤i≤Cre−1, 0≤π1(i)≤Cre−1, Rre×Cre≥N, and i and π1(i) are both non-negative integers; or determining a j-th row of Mre based on a π2(j)-th row of Mor using row permutation, wherein 0≤j≤Rre−1, 0≤π2(j)≤Rre−1, Rre×Cre≥N, and j and π2(j) are both non-negative integers. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein π1(i) is determined to be π1(i)={I}, wherein {I} is a sequence determined based on organizing numerical results resulted from applying a function f(r) to column indices r of Mor in ascending or descending order, wherein 0≤r≤Cre−1. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein f(r) comprises 13. A non-transitory storage medium having code stored thereon, the code upon execution by a processor, causing the processor to implement a method that comprises:
mapping a first bit sequence having a length of K bits to a second bit sequence based on an index indicating a first permutation pattern; applying Polar encoding to the second bit sequence to obtain a Polar encoded bit sequence; forming a first matrix based on the Polar encoded bit sequence; determining a second matrix by applying a second permutation pattern to the first matrix; selecting T bits based on the second matrix, where K and T are both non-negative integers, wherein the first matrix is Mog, Mog=[{y0},{y1}, . . . ,{yR vb −1}]T or Mog=[{z0},{z1}, . . . ,{zC vb −1}], and wherein {y0}=[x0,x1,x2, . . . ,xC vb −1],{y1}=[xC vb ,xC vb +1,xC vb +2, . . . ,x2C vb −1], . . . , {yR vb−1 }=[x(R vb−1 )×C vb ,x(R vb−1 )×C vb +1,x(R vb−1 )×C vb +2, . . . ,xR vb ×C vb −1],{z0}=[x0,x1,x2, . . . ,xC vb −1]T, {z1}=[xR vb ,xR vb +1,xR vb +2, . . . ,x2R vb −1]T, . . . ,{zC vb−1 }=[x(C vb−1 )×R vb ,x(C vb−1 )×R vb +1,x(C vb−1 )×R vb +2, . . . ,xC vb ×R vb −1]T, and wherein x0, x1, x2, . . . , xR vb ×C vb −1 is the Polar encoded bit sequence, and wherein Rvb and Cvb are both non-negative integers. 14. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 13, wherein the method further comprises, prior to mapping the first bit sequence:
applying a first predetermined transform to a first index matrix to obtain a second index matrix, and determining an index based on the second index matrix, wherein the first predetermined transform comprises a row permutation or a column permutation. 15. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 14, wherein the second index matrix is Mre having Rre rows and Cre columns, and wherein the first index matrix is 16. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 14, wherein the applying the first predetermined transform comprises at least one of:
determining an i-th column of Mre based on a π1(i)-th column of Mor using column permutation, wherein 0≤i≤Cre−1, 0≤π1(i)≤Cre−1, Rre×Cre≥N, and i and π1(i) are both non-negative integers; or determining a j-th row of Mre based on a π2(j)-th row of Mor using row permutation, wherein 0≤j≤Rre−1, 0≤π2(j)≤Rre−1, Rre×Cre≥N, and j and π2(j) are both non-negative integers. 17. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 16, wherein π1(i) is determined to be π1(i)={I}, wherein {I} is a sequence determined based on organizing numerical results resulted from applying a function f(r) to column indices r of Mor in ascending or descending order, wherein 0≤r≤Cre−1. 18. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 17, wherein f(r) comprises | 2,900 |
349,586 | 16,807,153 | 2,917 | Techniques are described herein that are capable of pausing deployment of a pre-provisioned virtual machine. Deployment of a virtual machine on a computing system is initiated. The deployment of the virtual machine is paused, prior to execution of code that depends on a name of the virtual machine, to wait for receipt of user-specific setting(s) of the virtual machine. The deployment of the virtual machine is continued based at least in part on receipt of the user-specific setting(s). Continuing the deployment includes configuring the virtual machine to have at least one of the user-specific setting(s). | 1. A system to pause deployment of a pre-provisioned virtual machine, the system comprising:
memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors configured to execute a machine-based provisioning agent and a user-specific provisioning agent, which are configured to perform respective portions of a plurality of operations that deploy a virtual machine that is hosted on the system, on the virtual machine; the machine-based provisioning agent configured to perform the following operations:
initiate deployment of the virtual machine;
install the user-specific provisioning agent on the virtual machine; and
initiate a restart of the virtual machine;
the user-specific provisioning agent configured to perform the following operations in response to the restart of the virtual machine:
pause the deployment of the virtual machine, prior to execution of code that depends on a name of the virtual machine, to wait for receipt of one or more user-specific settings of the virtual machine; and
continue the deployment of the virtual machine, which includes configuring the virtual machine to have at least one of the one or more user-specific settings, based at least in part on receipt of the one or more user-specific settings. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the user-specific provisioning agent is further configured to call the machine-based provisioning agent in response to configuring the virtual machine to have the at least one of the one or more user-specific settings, which causes the machine-based provisioning agent to finish the deployment of the virtual machine. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the machine-based provisioning agent is configured to finish the deployment of the virtual machine by performing user-specific operations that configure the virtual machine. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more user-specific settings of the virtual machine include a machine name; and
wherein the user-specific provisioning agent is configured to continue the deployment of the virtual machine by assigning the machine name to the virtual machine. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the user-specific provisioning agent is configured to continue the deployment of the virtual machine by assigning the machine name to the virtual machine prior to execution of code that depends on the machine name. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the machine-based provisioning agent is configured to provide a notification, which indicates that deployment of the virtual machine is complete, to a user from whom a request for the virtual machine is received in response to the machine-based provisioning agent finishing the deployment of the virtual machine. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the user-specific provisioning agent is configured to continue the deployment of the virtual machine without rebooting the virtual machine. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the user-specific provisioning agent is further configured to:
receive a status request from the system while the deployment of the virtual machine is paused, the status request configured to provoke a status response from the virtual machine; and provide the status response to the system while the deployment of the virtual machine is paused, the status response indicating that the virtual machine is available to be assigned to a user. 9. A method of pausing deployment of a pre-provisioned virtual machine, the method comprising:
executing a machine-based provisioning agent, which performs a first portion of a plurality of operations that deploy a virtual machine that is hosted on a computing system, on the virtual machine, the first portion of the plurality of operations comprising:
initiating deployment of the virtual machine;
installing a user-specific provisioning agent on the virtual machine; and
initiating a restart of the virtual machine; and
executing the user-specific provisioning agent, which performs a second portion of the plurality of operations that deploy the virtual machine in response to the restart of the virtual machine, on the virtual machine, the second portion of the plurality of operations comprising:
pausing the deployment of the virtual machine, prior to execution of code that depends on a name of the virtual machine, to wait for receipt of one or more user-specific settings of the virtual machine; and
continuing the deployment of the virtual machine, which includes configuring the virtual machine to have at least one of the one or more user-specific settings, based at least in part on receipt of the one or more user-specific settings. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
calling the machine-based provisioning agent by the user-specific provisioning agent in response to configuring the virtual machine to have the at least one of the one or more user-specific settings; and finishing the deployment of the virtual machine by the machine-based provisioning agent based at least in part on the user-specific provisioning agent calling the machine-based provisioning agent. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein finishing the deployment of the virtual machine comprises:
performing user-specific operations that configure the virtual machine by the machine-based provisioning agent. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the one or more user-specific settings of the virtual machine include a machine name; and
wherein continuing the deployment of the virtual machine comprises:
assigning the machine name to the virtual machine by the user-specific provisioning agent. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein continuing the deployment of the virtual machine comprises:
assigning the machine name to the virtual machine by the user-specific provisioning agent prior to execution of code that depends on the machine name. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
providing a notification, which indicates that deployment of the virtual machine is complete, by the machine-based provisioning agent to a user from whom a request for the virtual machine is received in response to the machine-based provisioning agent finishing the deployment of the virtual machine. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein continuing the deployment of the virtual machine comprises:
continuing the deployment of the virtual machine by the user-specific provisioning agent without rebooting the virtual machine. 16. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving a status request by the user-specific provisioning agent from the computing system while the deployment of the virtual machine is paused, the status request configured to provoke a status response from the virtual machine; and providing the status response by the user-specific provisioning agent to the computing system while the deployment of the virtual machine is paused, the status response indicating that the virtual machine is available to be assigned to a user. 17. A computer program product comprising a computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon for enabling a processor-based system to perform operations to pause deployment of a pre-provisioned virtual machine, the operations comprising:
execute a machine-based provisioning agent on a virtual machine that is hosted on the processor-based system; cause the machine-based provisioning agent to perform a first portion of a plurality of operations that deploy the virtual machine, the first portion of the plurality of operations comprising:
initiate deployment of the virtual machine;
install the user-specific provisioning agent on the virtual machine; and
initiate a restart of the virtual machine;
execute a user-specific provisioning agent on the virtual machine; and in response to the restart of the virtual machine, cause the user-specific provisioning agent to perform a second portion of the plurality of operations that deploy the virtual machine, the second portion of the plurality of operations comprising:
pause the deployment of the virtual machine, prior to execution of code that depends on a name of the virtual machine, to wait for receipt of one or more user-specific settings of the virtual machine; and
continue the deployment of the virtual machine, which includes configuring the virtual machine to have at least one of the one or more user-specific settings, based at least in part on receipt of the one or more user-specific settings. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the second portion of the plurality of operations, which is performed by the user-specific provisioning agent, comprises:
call the machine-based provisioning agent in response to the virtual machine being configured to have the at least one of the one or more user-specific settings; and wherein the first portion of the plurality of operations, which is performed by the machine-based provisioning agent, comprises:
finish the deployment of the virtual machine based at least in part on the user-specific provisioning agent calling the machine-based provisioning agent. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein the first portion of the plurality of operations, which is performed by the machine-based provisioning agent, comprises:
finish the deployment of the virtual machine by performing user-specific operations that configure the virtual machine. 20. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the first portion of the plurality of operations, which is performed by the machine-based provisioning agent, comprises:
provide a notification, which indicates that deployment of the virtual machine is complete, to a user from whom a request for the virtual machine is received in response to the machine-based provisioning agent finishing the deployment of the virtual machine. | Techniques are described herein that are capable of pausing deployment of a pre-provisioned virtual machine. Deployment of a virtual machine on a computing system is initiated. The deployment of the virtual machine is paused, prior to execution of code that depends on a name of the virtual machine, to wait for receipt of user-specific setting(s) of the virtual machine. The deployment of the virtual machine is continued based at least in part on receipt of the user-specific setting(s). Continuing the deployment includes configuring the virtual machine to have at least one of the user-specific setting(s).1. A system to pause deployment of a pre-provisioned virtual machine, the system comprising:
memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors configured to execute a machine-based provisioning agent and a user-specific provisioning agent, which are configured to perform respective portions of a plurality of operations that deploy a virtual machine that is hosted on the system, on the virtual machine; the machine-based provisioning agent configured to perform the following operations:
initiate deployment of the virtual machine;
install the user-specific provisioning agent on the virtual machine; and
initiate a restart of the virtual machine;
the user-specific provisioning agent configured to perform the following operations in response to the restart of the virtual machine:
pause the deployment of the virtual machine, prior to execution of code that depends on a name of the virtual machine, to wait for receipt of one or more user-specific settings of the virtual machine; and
continue the deployment of the virtual machine, which includes configuring the virtual machine to have at least one of the one or more user-specific settings, based at least in part on receipt of the one or more user-specific settings. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the user-specific provisioning agent is further configured to call the machine-based provisioning agent in response to configuring the virtual machine to have the at least one of the one or more user-specific settings, which causes the machine-based provisioning agent to finish the deployment of the virtual machine. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the machine-based provisioning agent is configured to finish the deployment of the virtual machine by performing user-specific operations that configure the virtual machine. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more user-specific settings of the virtual machine include a machine name; and
wherein the user-specific provisioning agent is configured to continue the deployment of the virtual machine by assigning the machine name to the virtual machine. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the user-specific provisioning agent is configured to continue the deployment of the virtual machine by assigning the machine name to the virtual machine prior to execution of code that depends on the machine name. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the machine-based provisioning agent is configured to provide a notification, which indicates that deployment of the virtual machine is complete, to a user from whom a request for the virtual machine is received in response to the machine-based provisioning agent finishing the deployment of the virtual machine. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the user-specific provisioning agent is configured to continue the deployment of the virtual machine without rebooting the virtual machine. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the user-specific provisioning agent is further configured to:
receive a status request from the system while the deployment of the virtual machine is paused, the status request configured to provoke a status response from the virtual machine; and provide the status response to the system while the deployment of the virtual machine is paused, the status response indicating that the virtual machine is available to be assigned to a user. 9. A method of pausing deployment of a pre-provisioned virtual machine, the method comprising:
executing a machine-based provisioning agent, which performs a first portion of a plurality of operations that deploy a virtual machine that is hosted on a computing system, on the virtual machine, the first portion of the plurality of operations comprising:
initiating deployment of the virtual machine;
installing a user-specific provisioning agent on the virtual machine; and
initiating a restart of the virtual machine; and
executing the user-specific provisioning agent, which performs a second portion of the plurality of operations that deploy the virtual machine in response to the restart of the virtual machine, on the virtual machine, the second portion of the plurality of operations comprising:
pausing the deployment of the virtual machine, prior to execution of code that depends on a name of the virtual machine, to wait for receipt of one or more user-specific settings of the virtual machine; and
continuing the deployment of the virtual machine, which includes configuring the virtual machine to have at least one of the one or more user-specific settings, based at least in part on receipt of the one or more user-specific settings. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
calling the machine-based provisioning agent by the user-specific provisioning agent in response to configuring the virtual machine to have the at least one of the one or more user-specific settings; and finishing the deployment of the virtual machine by the machine-based provisioning agent based at least in part on the user-specific provisioning agent calling the machine-based provisioning agent. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein finishing the deployment of the virtual machine comprises:
performing user-specific operations that configure the virtual machine by the machine-based provisioning agent. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the one or more user-specific settings of the virtual machine include a machine name; and
wherein continuing the deployment of the virtual machine comprises:
assigning the machine name to the virtual machine by the user-specific provisioning agent. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein continuing the deployment of the virtual machine comprises:
assigning the machine name to the virtual machine by the user-specific provisioning agent prior to execution of code that depends on the machine name. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
providing a notification, which indicates that deployment of the virtual machine is complete, by the machine-based provisioning agent to a user from whom a request for the virtual machine is received in response to the machine-based provisioning agent finishing the deployment of the virtual machine. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein continuing the deployment of the virtual machine comprises:
continuing the deployment of the virtual machine by the user-specific provisioning agent without rebooting the virtual machine. 16. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving a status request by the user-specific provisioning agent from the computing system while the deployment of the virtual machine is paused, the status request configured to provoke a status response from the virtual machine; and providing the status response by the user-specific provisioning agent to the computing system while the deployment of the virtual machine is paused, the status response indicating that the virtual machine is available to be assigned to a user. 17. A computer program product comprising a computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon for enabling a processor-based system to perform operations to pause deployment of a pre-provisioned virtual machine, the operations comprising:
execute a machine-based provisioning agent on a virtual machine that is hosted on the processor-based system; cause the machine-based provisioning agent to perform a first portion of a plurality of operations that deploy the virtual machine, the first portion of the plurality of operations comprising:
initiate deployment of the virtual machine;
install the user-specific provisioning agent on the virtual machine; and
initiate a restart of the virtual machine;
execute a user-specific provisioning agent on the virtual machine; and in response to the restart of the virtual machine, cause the user-specific provisioning agent to perform a second portion of the plurality of operations that deploy the virtual machine, the second portion of the plurality of operations comprising:
pause the deployment of the virtual machine, prior to execution of code that depends on a name of the virtual machine, to wait for receipt of one or more user-specific settings of the virtual machine; and
continue the deployment of the virtual machine, which includes configuring the virtual machine to have at least one of the one or more user-specific settings, based at least in part on receipt of the one or more user-specific settings. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the second portion of the plurality of operations, which is performed by the user-specific provisioning agent, comprises:
call the machine-based provisioning agent in response to the virtual machine being configured to have the at least one of the one or more user-specific settings; and wherein the first portion of the plurality of operations, which is performed by the machine-based provisioning agent, comprises:
finish the deployment of the virtual machine based at least in part on the user-specific provisioning agent calling the machine-based provisioning agent. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein the first portion of the plurality of operations, which is performed by the machine-based provisioning agent, comprises:
finish the deployment of the virtual machine by performing user-specific operations that configure the virtual machine. 20. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the first portion of the plurality of operations, which is performed by the machine-based provisioning agent, comprises:
provide a notification, which indicates that deployment of the virtual machine is complete, to a user from whom a request for the virtual machine is received in response to the machine-based provisioning agent finishing the deployment of the virtual machine. | 2,900 |
349,587 | 16,807,161 | 2,917 | Harvesting device, having cutting members (14) for separating the crop material and/or having receiving members for collecting the crop material, having at least one transverse conveying device (19) for delivering the separated and/or collected crop material in a transverse conveying direction (20) running transversely to the harvesting direction, wherein the at least one transverse conveying device (19) is configured as a screw conveyor (21), comprising a trommel (22) and spiral conveying elements (23) sticking out from the trommel (22) in its radial direction. The respective screw conveyor (21) is conical or cone shaped, such that an envelope surface (24) of the spiral conveying elements (23) subtends a cone, which expands in conical or cone-shaped manner looking in the transverse conveying direction. | 1. A harvesting device comprising:
cutting members (14) for separating the crop material and/or receiving members for collecting the crop material, at least one transverse conveying device (19) for delivering the separated and/or collected crop material in a transverse conveying direction (20) running transversely to the harvesting direction (15), wherein the at least one transverse conveying device (19) is configured as a screw conveyor (21), comprising a trommel (22) and spiral conveying elements (23) sticking out from the trommel (22) in its radial direction, characterized in that the respective screw conveyor (21) is conical or cone shaped, such that an envelope surface (24) of the spiral conveying elements (23) subtends a cone, which expands in conical or cone-shaped manner looking in the transverse conveying direction (20), wherein the screw conveyor (21) is arranged in a trough-like crop flow channel (27), which runs upward at a slant and/or rearward at a slant, adapted to the screw conveyor (21) in the transverse conveying direction (20). 2. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that a cone angle (α) of the envelope surface (24) of the spiral conveying elements (23) is between 1° and 5°, preferably between 1° and 4°, especially preferably between 2° and 3°. 3. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that a longitudinal central axis (26) of the trommel (22) runs vertically slanting upward, looking in the transverse conveying direction (20). 4. The harvesting device according to claim 3, characterized in that the longitudinal central axis (26) of the trommel (22) slants upward by half the cone angle. 5. The harvesting device according to claim 3, characterized in that the longitudinal central axis (26) of the trommel (22) slants upward by more than half the cone angle. 6. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that a longitudinal central axis (26) of the trommel (22) slants backward horizontally, looking in the transverse conveying direction (20). 7. The harvesting device according to claim 6, characterized in that the longitudinal central axis (26) of the trommel (22) slants backward by half the cone angle. 8. The harvesting device according to claim 6, characterized in that the longitudinal central axis (26) of the trommel (22) slants backward by more than half the cone angle. 9. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the trommel (22) carrying the spiral conveying elements (23) is cylindrical. 10. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the trommel (22) carrying the spiral conveying elements (23) is conical. 11. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that a gradient of the spiral conveying elements (23) is constant, looking in the transverse conveying direction (20). 12. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that a gradient of the spiral conveying elements (23) increases, looking in the transverse conveying direction (20). 13. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the respective crop flow channel (27) expands conically, looking in the transverse conveying direction (20), wherein the spacing of the back wall of the crop flow channel (27) from the envelope surface (24) of the spiral conveying elements (23) increases in the transverse conveying direction. | Harvesting device, having cutting members (14) for separating the crop material and/or having receiving members for collecting the crop material, having at least one transverse conveying device (19) for delivering the separated and/or collected crop material in a transverse conveying direction (20) running transversely to the harvesting direction, wherein the at least one transverse conveying device (19) is configured as a screw conveyor (21), comprising a trommel (22) and spiral conveying elements (23) sticking out from the trommel (22) in its radial direction. The respective screw conveyor (21) is conical or cone shaped, such that an envelope surface (24) of the spiral conveying elements (23) subtends a cone, which expands in conical or cone-shaped manner looking in the transverse conveying direction.1. A harvesting device comprising:
cutting members (14) for separating the crop material and/or receiving members for collecting the crop material, at least one transverse conveying device (19) for delivering the separated and/or collected crop material in a transverse conveying direction (20) running transversely to the harvesting direction (15), wherein the at least one transverse conveying device (19) is configured as a screw conveyor (21), comprising a trommel (22) and spiral conveying elements (23) sticking out from the trommel (22) in its radial direction, characterized in that the respective screw conveyor (21) is conical or cone shaped, such that an envelope surface (24) of the spiral conveying elements (23) subtends a cone, which expands in conical or cone-shaped manner looking in the transverse conveying direction (20), wherein the screw conveyor (21) is arranged in a trough-like crop flow channel (27), which runs upward at a slant and/or rearward at a slant, adapted to the screw conveyor (21) in the transverse conveying direction (20). 2. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that a cone angle (α) of the envelope surface (24) of the spiral conveying elements (23) is between 1° and 5°, preferably between 1° and 4°, especially preferably between 2° and 3°. 3. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that a longitudinal central axis (26) of the trommel (22) runs vertically slanting upward, looking in the transverse conveying direction (20). 4. The harvesting device according to claim 3, characterized in that the longitudinal central axis (26) of the trommel (22) slants upward by half the cone angle. 5. The harvesting device according to claim 3, characterized in that the longitudinal central axis (26) of the trommel (22) slants upward by more than half the cone angle. 6. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that a longitudinal central axis (26) of the trommel (22) slants backward horizontally, looking in the transverse conveying direction (20). 7. The harvesting device according to claim 6, characterized in that the longitudinal central axis (26) of the trommel (22) slants backward by half the cone angle. 8. The harvesting device according to claim 6, characterized in that the longitudinal central axis (26) of the trommel (22) slants backward by more than half the cone angle. 9. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the trommel (22) carrying the spiral conveying elements (23) is cylindrical. 10. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the trommel (22) carrying the spiral conveying elements (23) is conical. 11. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that a gradient of the spiral conveying elements (23) is constant, looking in the transverse conveying direction (20). 12. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that a gradient of the spiral conveying elements (23) increases, looking in the transverse conveying direction (20). 13. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the respective crop flow channel (27) expands conically, looking in the transverse conveying direction (20), wherein the spacing of the back wall of the crop flow channel (27) from the envelope surface (24) of the spiral conveying elements (23) increases in the transverse conveying direction. | 2,900 |
349,588 | 29,726,211 | 2,923 | Harvesting device, having cutting members (14) for separating the crop material and/or having receiving members for collecting the crop material, having at least one transverse conveying device (19) for delivering the separated and/or collected crop material in a transverse conveying direction (20) running transversely to the harvesting direction, wherein the at least one transverse conveying device (19) is configured as a screw conveyor (21), comprising a trommel (22) and spiral conveying elements (23) sticking out from the trommel (22) in its radial direction. The respective screw conveyor (21) is conical or cone shaped, such that an envelope surface (24) of the spiral conveying elements (23) subtends a cone, which expands in conical or cone-shaped manner looking in the transverse conveying direction. | 1. A harvesting device comprising:
cutting members (14) for separating the crop material and/or receiving members for collecting the crop material, at least one transverse conveying device (19) for delivering the separated and/or collected crop material in a transverse conveying direction (20) running transversely to the harvesting direction (15), wherein the at least one transverse conveying device (19) is configured as a screw conveyor (21), comprising a trommel (22) and spiral conveying elements (23) sticking out from the trommel (22) in its radial direction, characterized in that the respective screw conveyor (21) is conical or cone shaped, such that an envelope surface (24) of the spiral conveying elements (23) subtends a cone, which expands in conical or cone-shaped manner looking in the transverse conveying direction (20), wherein the screw conveyor (21) is arranged in a trough-like crop flow channel (27), which runs upward at a slant and/or rearward at a slant, adapted to the screw conveyor (21) in the transverse conveying direction (20). 2. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that a cone angle (α) of the envelope surface (24) of the spiral conveying elements (23) is between 1° and 5°, preferably between 1° and 4°, especially preferably between 2° and 3°. 3. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that a longitudinal central axis (26) of the trommel (22) runs vertically slanting upward, looking in the transverse conveying direction (20). 4. The harvesting device according to claim 3, characterized in that the longitudinal central axis (26) of the trommel (22) slants upward by half the cone angle. 5. The harvesting device according to claim 3, characterized in that the longitudinal central axis (26) of the trommel (22) slants upward by more than half the cone angle. 6. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that a longitudinal central axis (26) of the trommel (22) slants backward horizontally, looking in the transverse conveying direction (20). 7. The harvesting device according to claim 6, characterized in that the longitudinal central axis (26) of the trommel (22) slants backward by half the cone angle. 8. The harvesting device according to claim 6, characterized in that the longitudinal central axis (26) of the trommel (22) slants backward by more than half the cone angle. 9. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the trommel (22) carrying the spiral conveying elements (23) is cylindrical. 10. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the trommel (22) carrying the spiral conveying elements (23) is conical. 11. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that a gradient of the spiral conveying elements (23) is constant, looking in the transverse conveying direction (20). 12. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that a gradient of the spiral conveying elements (23) increases, looking in the transverse conveying direction (20). 13. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the respective crop flow channel (27) expands conically, looking in the transverse conveying direction (20), wherein the spacing of the back wall of the crop flow channel (27) from the envelope surface (24) of the spiral conveying elements (23) increases in the transverse conveying direction. | Harvesting device, having cutting members (14) for separating the crop material and/or having receiving members for collecting the crop material, having at least one transverse conveying device (19) for delivering the separated and/or collected crop material in a transverse conveying direction (20) running transversely to the harvesting direction, wherein the at least one transverse conveying device (19) is configured as a screw conveyor (21), comprising a trommel (22) and spiral conveying elements (23) sticking out from the trommel (22) in its radial direction. The respective screw conveyor (21) is conical or cone shaped, such that an envelope surface (24) of the spiral conveying elements (23) subtends a cone, which expands in conical or cone-shaped manner looking in the transverse conveying direction.1. A harvesting device comprising:
cutting members (14) for separating the crop material and/or receiving members for collecting the crop material, at least one transverse conveying device (19) for delivering the separated and/or collected crop material in a transverse conveying direction (20) running transversely to the harvesting direction (15), wherein the at least one transverse conveying device (19) is configured as a screw conveyor (21), comprising a trommel (22) and spiral conveying elements (23) sticking out from the trommel (22) in its radial direction, characterized in that the respective screw conveyor (21) is conical or cone shaped, such that an envelope surface (24) of the spiral conveying elements (23) subtends a cone, which expands in conical or cone-shaped manner looking in the transverse conveying direction (20), wherein the screw conveyor (21) is arranged in a trough-like crop flow channel (27), which runs upward at a slant and/or rearward at a slant, adapted to the screw conveyor (21) in the transverse conveying direction (20). 2. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that a cone angle (α) of the envelope surface (24) of the spiral conveying elements (23) is between 1° and 5°, preferably between 1° and 4°, especially preferably between 2° and 3°. 3. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that a longitudinal central axis (26) of the trommel (22) runs vertically slanting upward, looking in the transverse conveying direction (20). 4. The harvesting device according to claim 3, characterized in that the longitudinal central axis (26) of the trommel (22) slants upward by half the cone angle. 5. The harvesting device according to claim 3, characterized in that the longitudinal central axis (26) of the trommel (22) slants upward by more than half the cone angle. 6. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that a longitudinal central axis (26) of the trommel (22) slants backward horizontally, looking in the transverse conveying direction (20). 7. The harvesting device according to claim 6, characterized in that the longitudinal central axis (26) of the trommel (22) slants backward by half the cone angle. 8. The harvesting device according to claim 6, characterized in that the longitudinal central axis (26) of the trommel (22) slants backward by more than half the cone angle. 9. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the trommel (22) carrying the spiral conveying elements (23) is cylindrical. 10. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the trommel (22) carrying the spiral conveying elements (23) is conical. 11. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that a gradient of the spiral conveying elements (23) is constant, looking in the transverse conveying direction (20). 12. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that a gradient of the spiral conveying elements (23) increases, looking in the transverse conveying direction (20). 13. The harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the respective crop flow channel (27) expands conically, looking in the transverse conveying direction (20), wherein the spacing of the back wall of the crop flow channel (27) from the envelope surface (24) of the spiral conveying elements (23) increases in the transverse conveying direction. | 2,900 |
349,589 | 16,807,103 | 2,923 | A rechargeable battery using a solution of an aluminum salt as an electrolyte is disclosed, as well as methods of making the battery and methods of using the battery. | 1-29. (canceled) 30. A secondary battery comprising:
an anode comprising aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or an aluminum compound; a cathode; a porous separator comprising an electrically insulating material that prevents direct contact of the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte comprising a solution of an aluminum salt, wherein electrolyte is in contact with the anode and with the cathode. 31. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide. 32. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is a lithium manganese oxide that has been subjected to an acid treatment. 33. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 34. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the battery is operable to charge and discharge by causing transport of a polyatomic ion comprising aluminum. 35. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the aluminum in the polyatomic ion has a valence of 3+ and the polyatomic ion has a valence of lower magnitude. 36. The secondary battery of claim 35, wherein the valence of lower magnitude is 1−. 37. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the polyatomic ion is Al(OH)4 1−. 38. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising the aluminum salt. 39. The secondary battery of claim 38, wherein a concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 40. The secondary battery of claim 39, wherein the concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 41. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 42. The secondary battery of claim 41, wherein a concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 43. The secondary battery of claim 42, wherein the concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 44. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 45. The secondary battery of claim 44, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 46. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum bromide hexahydrate, aluminum fluoride, aluminum fluoride trihydrate, aluminum iodide hexahydrate, aluminum perchlorate, aluminum hydroxide, and combinations thereof. 47. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a lithium manganese oxide, an acid-treated lithium manganese oxide, a lithium metal manganese oxide (where the metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, aluminum, chromium and combinations thereof), an acid-treated lithium metal manganese oxide, a graphite metal composite (where the metal is an electrically conductive metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, aluminum, and mixtures thereof), a graphite-graphite oxide, a manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, and graphene. 48. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum and at least one element selected from the group consisting of manganese, magnesium, lithium, zirconia, iron, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, nickel, copper, silicon, chromium, titanium, tin, and zinc. 49. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode is the aluminum and the aluminum has received a treatment that is effective to increase the hydrophilic properties of a surface of the anode that is in contact with the electrolyte, wherein the treatment comprises contacting the surface of the aluminum with an aqueous solution of a member selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 50. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum compound and the aluminum compound is selected from the group consisting of an aluminum transition metal oxide (AlxMyOz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); an aluminum transition metal sulfide, (AlxMySz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); aluminum lithium cobalt oxide (AlLi3CoO2); lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4); sodium aluminum hydride (NaAlH4); potassium aluminum fluoride (KAlF4); and mixtures thereof. 51. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an alkali metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 52. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an aluminum halide selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, aluminum iodide, and mixtures thereof. 53. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the porous separator has an average pore size of 0.067 μm to 1.2 μm. 54. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphite-graphite oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 55. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphene, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 56. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate. 57. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum phosphate. 58. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte comprises sodium nitrate. | A rechargeable battery using a solution of an aluminum salt as an electrolyte is disclosed, as well as methods of making the battery and methods of using the battery.1-29. (canceled) 30. A secondary battery comprising:
an anode comprising aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or an aluminum compound; a cathode; a porous separator comprising an electrically insulating material that prevents direct contact of the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte comprising a solution of an aluminum salt, wherein electrolyte is in contact with the anode and with the cathode. 31. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide. 32. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is a lithium manganese oxide that has been subjected to an acid treatment. 33. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 34. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the battery is operable to charge and discharge by causing transport of a polyatomic ion comprising aluminum. 35. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the aluminum in the polyatomic ion has a valence of 3+ and the polyatomic ion has a valence of lower magnitude. 36. The secondary battery of claim 35, wherein the valence of lower magnitude is 1−. 37. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the polyatomic ion is Al(OH)4 1−. 38. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising the aluminum salt. 39. The secondary battery of claim 38, wherein a concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 40. The secondary battery of claim 39, wherein the concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 41. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 42. The secondary battery of claim 41, wherein a concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 43. The secondary battery of claim 42, wherein the concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 44. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 45. The secondary battery of claim 44, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 46. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum bromide hexahydrate, aluminum fluoride, aluminum fluoride trihydrate, aluminum iodide hexahydrate, aluminum perchlorate, aluminum hydroxide, and combinations thereof. 47. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a lithium manganese oxide, an acid-treated lithium manganese oxide, a lithium metal manganese oxide (where the metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, aluminum, chromium and combinations thereof), an acid-treated lithium metal manganese oxide, a graphite metal composite (where the metal is an electrically conductive metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, aluminum, and mixtures thereof), a graphite-graphite oxide, a manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, and graphene. 48. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum and at least one element selected from the group consisting of manganese, magnesium, lithium, zirconia, iron, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, nickel, copper, silicon, chromium, titanium, tin, and zinc. 49. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode is the aluminum and the aluminum has received a treatment that is effective to increase the hydrophilic properties of a surface of the anode that is in contact with the electrolyte, wherein the treatment comprises contacting the surface of the aluminum with an aqueous solution of a member selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 50. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum compound and the aluminum compound is selected from the group consisting of an aluminum transition metal oxide (AlxMyOz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); an aluminum transition metal sulfide, (AlxMySz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); aluminum lithium cobalt oxide (AlLi3CoO2); lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4); sodium aluminum hydride (NaAlH4); potassium aluminum fluoride (KAlF4); and mixtures thereof. 51. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an alkali metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 52. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an aluminum halide selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, aluminum iodide, and mixtures thereof. 53. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the porous separator has an average pore size of 0.067 μm to 1.2 μm. 54. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphite-graphite oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 55. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphene, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 56. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate. 57. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum phosphate. 58. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte comprises sodium nitrate. | 2,900 |
349,590 | 29,726,221 | 2,925 | A rechargeable battery using a solution of an aluminum salt as an electrolyte is disclosed, as well as methods of making the battery and methods of using the battery. | 1-29. (canceled) 30. A secondary battery comprising:
an anode comprising aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or an aluminum compound; a cathode; a porous separator comprising an electrically insulating material that prevents direct contact of the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte comprising a solution of an aluminum salt, wherein electrolyte is in contact with the anode and with the cathode. 31. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide. 32. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is a lithium manganese oxide that has been subjected to an acid treatment. 33. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 34. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the battery is operable to charge and discharge by causing transport of a polyatomic ion comprising aluminum. 35. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the aluminum in the polyatomic ion has a valence of 3+ and the polyatomic ion has a valence of lower magnitude. 36. The secondary battery of claim 35, wherein the valence of lower magnitude is 1−. 37. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the polyatomic ion is Al(OH)4 1−. 38. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising the aluminum salt. 39. The secondary battery of claim 38, wherein a concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 40. The secondary battery of claim 39, wherein the concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 41. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 42. The secondary battery of claim 41, wherein a concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 43. The secondary battery of claim 42, wherein the concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 44. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 45. The secondary battery of claim 44, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 46. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum bromide hexahydrate, aluminum fluoride, aluminum fluoride trihydrate, aluminum iodide hexahydrate, aluminum perchlorate, aluminum hydroxide, and combinations thereof. 47. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a lithium manganese oxide, an acid-treated lithium manganese oxide, a lithium metal manganese oxide (where the metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, aluminum, chromium and combinations thereof), an acid-treated lithium metal manganese oxide, a graphite metal composite (where the metal is an electrically conductive metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, aluminum, and mixtures thereof), a graphite-graphite oxide, a manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, and graphene. 48. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum and at least one element selected from the group consisting of manganese, magnesium, lithium, zirconia, iron, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, nickel, copper, silicon, chromium, titanium, tin, and zinc. 49. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode is the aluminum and the aluminum has received a treatment that is effective to increase the hydrophilic properties of a surface of the anode that is in contact with the electrolyte, wherein the treatment comprises contacting the surface of the aluminum with an aqueous solution of a member selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 50. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum compound and the aluminum compound is selected from the group consisting of an aluminum transition metal oxide (AlxMyOz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); an aluminum transition metal sulfide, (AlxMySz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); aluminum lithium cobalt oxide (AlLi3CoO2); lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4); sodium aluminum hydride (NaAlH4); potassium aluminum fluoride (KAlF4); and mixtures thereof. 51. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an alkali metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 52. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an aluminum halide selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, aluminum iodide, and mixtures thereof. 53. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the porous separator has an average pore size of 0.067 μm to 1.2 μm. 54. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphite-graphite oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 55. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphene, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 56. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate. 57. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum phosphate. 58. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte comprises sodium nitrate. | A rechargeable battery using a solution of an aluminum salt as an electrolyte is disclosed, as well as methods of making the battery and methods of using the battery.1-29. (canceled) 30. A secondary battery comprising:
an anode comprising aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or an aluminum compound; a cathode; a porous separator comprising an electrically insulating material that prevents direct contact of the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte comprising a solution of an aluminum salt, wherein electrolyte is in contact with the anode and with the cathode. 31. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide. 32. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is a lithium manganese oxide that has been subjected to an acid treatment. 33. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 34. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the battery is operable to charge and discharge by causing transport of a polyatomic ion comprising aluminum. 35. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the aluminum in the polyatomic ion has a valence of 3+ and the polyatomic ion has a valence of lower magnitude. 36. The secondary battery of claim 35, wherein the valence of lower magnitude is 1−. 37. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the polyatomic ion is Al(OH)4 1−. 38. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising the aluminum salt. 39. The secondary battery of claim 38, wherein a concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 40. The secondary battery of claim 39, wherein the concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 41. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 42. The secondary battery of claim 41, wherein a concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 43. The secondary battery of claim 42, wherein the concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 44. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 45. The secondary battery of claim 44, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 46. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum bromide hexahydrate, aluminum fluoride, aluminum fluoride trihydrate, aluminum iodide hexahydrate, aluminum perchlorate, aluminum hydroxide, and combinations thereof. 47. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a lithium manganese oxide, an acid-treated lithium manganese oxide, a lithium metal manganese oxide (where the metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, aluminum, chromium and combinations thereof), an acid-treated lithium metal manganese oxide, a graphite metal composite (where the metal is an electrically conductive metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, aluminum, and mixtures thereof), a graphite-graphite oxide, a manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, and graphene. 48. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum and at least one element selected from the group consisting of manganese, magnesium, lithium, zirconia, iron, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, nickel, copper, silicon, chromium, titanium, tin, and zinc. 49. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode is the aluminum and the aluminum has received a treatment that is effective to increase the hydrophilic properties of a surface of the anode that is in contact with the electrolyte, wherein the treatment comprises contacting the surface of the aluminum with an aqueous solution of a member selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 50. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum compound and the aluminum compound is selected from the group consisting of an aluminum transition metal oxide (AlxMyOz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); an aluminum transition metal sulfide, (AlxMySz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); aluminum lithium cobalt oxide (AlLi3CoO2); lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4); sodium aluminum hydride (NaAlH4); potassium aluminum fluoride (KAlF4); and mixtures thereof. 51. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an alkali metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 52. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an aluminum halide selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, aluminum iodide, and mixtures thereof. 53. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the porous separator has an average pore size of 0.067 μm to 1.2 μm. 54. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphite-graphite oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 55. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphene, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 56. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate. 57. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum phosphate. 58. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte comprises sodium nitrate. | 2,900 |
349,591 | 29,726,209 | 2,925 | A rechargeable battery using a solution of an aluminum salt as an electrolyte is disclosed, as well as methods of making the battery and methods of using the battery. | 1-29. (canceled) 30. A secondary battery comprising:
an anode comprising aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or an aluminum compound; a cathode; a porous separator comprising an electrically insulating material that prevents direct contact of the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte comprising a solution of an aluminum salt, wherein electrolyte is in contact with the anode and with the cathode. 31. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide. 32. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is a lithium manganese oxide that has been subjected to an acid treatment. 33. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 34. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the battery is operable to charge and discharge by causing transport of a polyatomic ion comprising aluminum. 35. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the aluminum in the polyatomic ion has a valence of 3+ and the polyatomic ion has a valence of lower magnitude. 36. The secondary battery of claim 35, wherein the valence of lower magnitude is 1−. 37. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the polyatomic ion is Al(OH)4 1−. 38. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising the aluminum salt. 39. The secondary battery of claim 38, wherein a concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 40. The secondary battery of claim 39, wherein the concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 41. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 42. The secondary battery of claim 41, wherein a concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 43. The secondary battery of claim 42, wherein the concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 44. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 45. The secondary battery of claim 44, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 46. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum bromide hexahydrate, aluminum fluoride, aluminum fluoride trihydrate, aluminum iodide hexahydrate, aluminum perchlorate, aluminum hydroxide, and combinations thereof. 47. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a lithium manganese oxide, an acid-treated lithium manganese oxide, a lithium metal manganese oxide (where the metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, aluminum, chromium and combinations thereof), an acid-treated lithium metal manganese oxide, a graphite metal composite (where the metal is an electrically conductive metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, aluminum, and mixtures thereof), a graphite-graphite oxide, a manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, and graphene. 48. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum and at least one element selected from the group consisting of manganese, magnesium, lithium, zirconia, iron, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, nickel, copper, silicon, chromium, titanium, tin, and zinc. 49. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode is the aluminum and the aluminum has received a treatment that is effective to increase the hydrophilic properties of a surface of the anode that is in contact with the electrolyte, wherein the treatment comprises contacting the surface of the aluminum with an aqueous solution of a member selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 50. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum compound and the aluminum compound is selected from the group consisting of an aluminum transition metal oxide (AlxMyOz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); an aluminum transition metal sulfide, (AlxMySz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); aluminum lithium cobalt oxide (AlLi3CoO2); lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4); sodium aluminum hydride (NaAlH4); potassium aluminum fluoride (KAlF4); and mixtures thereof. 51. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an alkali metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 52. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an aluminum halide selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, aluminum iodide, and mixtures thereof. 53. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the porous separator has an average pore size of 0.067 μm to 1.2 μm. 54. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphite-graphite oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 55. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphene, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 56. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate. 57. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum phosphate. 58. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte comprises sodium nitrate. | A rechargeable battery using a solution of an aluminum salt as an electrolyte is disclosed, as well as methods of making the battery and methods of using the battery.1-29. (canceled) 30. A secondary battery comprising:
an anode comprising aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or an aluminum compound; a cathode; a porous separator comprising an electrically insulating material that prevents direct contact of the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte comprising a solution of an aluminum salt, wherein electrolyte is in contact with the anode and with the cathode. 31. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide. 32. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is a lithium manganese oxide that has been subjected to an acid treatment. 33. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 34. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the battery is operable to charge and discharge by causing transport of a polyatomic ion comprising aluminum. 35. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the aluminum in the polyatomic ion has a valence of 3+ and the polyatomic ion has a valence of lower magnitude. 36. The secondary battery of claim 35, wherein the valence of lower magnitude is 1−. 37. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the polyatomic ion is Al(OH)4 1−. 38. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising the aluminum salt. 39. The secondary battery of claim 38, wherein a concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 40. The secondary battery of claim 39, wherein the concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 41. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 42. The secondary battery of claim 41, wherein a concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 43. The secondary battery of claim 42, wherein the concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 44. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 45. The secondary battery of claim 44, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 46. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum bromide hexahydrate, aluminum fluoride, aluminum fluoride trihydrate, aluminum iodide hexahydrate, aluminum perchlorate, aluminum hydroxide, and combinations thereof. 47. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a lithium manganese oxide, an acid-treated lithium manganese oxide, a lithium metal manganese oxide (where the metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, aluminum, chromium and combinations thereof), an acid-treated lithium metal manganese oxide, a graphite metal composite (where the metal is an electrically conductive metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, aluminum, and mixtures thereof), a graphite-graphite oxide, a manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, and graphene. 48. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum and at least one element selected from the group consisting of manganese, magnesium, lithium, zirconia, iron, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, nickel, copper, silicon, chromium, titanium, tin, and zinc. 49. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode is the aluminum and the aluminum has received a treatment that is effective to increase the hydrophilic properties of a surface of the anode that is in contact with the electrolyte, wherein the treatment comprises contacting the surface of the aluminum with an aqueous solution of a member selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 50. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum compound and the aluminum compound is selected from the group consisting of an aluminum transition metal oxide (AlxMyOz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); an aluminum transition metal sulfide, (AlxMySz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); aluminum lithium cobalt oxide (AlLi3CoO2); lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4); sodium aluminum hydride (NaAlH4); potassium aluminum fluoride (KAlF4); and mixtures thereof. 51. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an alkali metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 52. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an aluminum halide selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, aluminum iodide, and mixtures thereof. 53. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the porous separator has an average pore size of 0.067 μm to 1.2 μm. 54. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphite-graphite oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 55. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphene, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 56. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate. 57. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum phosphate. 58. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte comprises sodium nitrate. | 2,900 |
349,592 | 29,726,225 | 2,925 | A rechargeable battery using a solution of an aluminum salt as an electrolyte is disclosed, as well as methods of making the battery and methods of using the battery. | 1-29. (canceled) 30. A secondary battery comprising:
an anode comprising aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or an aluminum compound; a cathode; a porous separator comprising an electrically insulating material that prevents direct contact of the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte comprising a solution of an aluminum salt, wherein electrolyte is in contact with the anode and with the cathode. 31. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide. 32. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is a lithium manganese oxide that has been subjected to an acid treatment. 33. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 34. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the battery is operable to charge and discharge by causing transport of a polyatomic ion comprising aluminum. 35. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the aluminum in the polyatomic ion has a valence of 3+ and the polyatomic ion has a valence of lower magnitude. 36. The secondary battery of claim 35, wherein the valence of lower magnitude is 1−. 37. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the polyatomic ion is Al(OH)4 1−. 38. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising the aluminum salt. 39. The secondary battery of claim 38, wherein a concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 40. The secondary battery of claim 39, wherein the concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 41. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 42. The secondary battery of claim 41, wherein a concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 43. The secondary battery of claim 42, wherein the concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 44. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 45. The secondary battery of claim 44, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 46. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum bromide hexahydrate, aluminum fluoride, aluminum fluoride trihydrate, aluminum iodide hexahydrate, aluminum perchlorate, aluminum hydroxide, and combinations thereof. 47. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a lithium manganese oxide, an acid-treated lithium manganese oxide, a lithium metal manganese oxide (where the metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, aluminum, chromium and combinations thereof), an acid-treated lithium metal manganese oxide, a graphite metal composite (where the metal is an electrically conductive metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, aluminum, and mixtures thereof), a graphite-graphite oxide, a manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, and graphene. 48. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum and at least one element selected from the group consisting of manganese, magnesium, lithium, zirconia, iron, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, nickel, copper, silicon, chromium, titanium, tin, and zinc. 49. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode is the aluminum and the aluminum has received a treatment that is effective to increase the hydrophilic properties of a surface of the anode that is in contact with the electrolyte, wherein the treatment comprises contacting the surface of the aluminum with an aqueous solution of a member selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 50. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum compound and the aluminum compound is selected from the group consisting of an aluminum transition metal oxide (AlxMyOz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); an aluminum transition metal sulfide, (AlxMySz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); aluminum lithium cobalt oxide (AlLi3CoO2); lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4); sodium aluminum hydride (NaAlH4); potassium aluminum fluoride (KAlF4); and mixtures thereof. 51. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an alkali metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 52. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an aluminum halide selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, aluminum iodide, and mixtures thereof. 53. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the porous separator has an average pore size of 0.067 μm to 1.2 μm. 54. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphite-graphite oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 55. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphene, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 56. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate. 57. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum phosphate. 58. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte comprises sodium nitrate. | A rechargeable battery using a solution of an aluminum salt as an electrolyte is disclosed, as well as methods of making the battery and methods of using the battery.1-29. (canceled) 30. A secondary battery comprising:
an anode comprising aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or an aluminum compound; a cathode; a porous separator comprising an electrically insulating material that prevents direct contact of the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte comprising a solution of an aluminum salt, wherein electrolyte is in contact with the anode and with the cathode. 31. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide. 32. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is a lithium manganese oxide that has been subjected to an acid treatment. 33. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 34. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the battery is operable to charge and discharge by causing transport of a polyatomic ion comprising aluminum. 35. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the aluminum in the polyatomic ion has a valence of 3+ and the polyatomic ion has a valence of lower magnitude. 36. The secondary battery of claim 35, wherein the valence of lower magnitude is 1−. 37. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the polyatomic ion is Al(OH)4 1−. 38. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising the aluminum salt. 39. The secondary battery of claim 38, wherein a concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 40. The secondary battery of claim 39, wherein the concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 41. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 42. The secondary battery of claim 41, wherein a concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 43. The secondary battery of claim 42, wherein the concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 44. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 45. The secondary battery of claim 44, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 46. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum bromide hexahydrate, aluminum fluoride, aluminum fluoride trihydrate, aluminum iodide hexahydrate, aluminum perchlorate, aluminum hydroxide, and combinations thereof. 47. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a lithium manganese oxide, an acid-treated lithium manganese oxide, a lithium metal manganese oxide (where the metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, aluminum, chromium and combinations thereof), an acid-treated lithium metal manganese oxide, a graphite metal composite (where the metal is an electrically conductive metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, aluminum, and mixtures thereof), a graphite-graphite oxide, a manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, and graphene. 48. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum and at least one element selected from the group consisting of manganese, magnesium, lithium, zirconia, iron, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, nickel, copper, silicon, chromium, titanium, tin, and zinc. 49. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode is the aluminum and the aluminum has received a treatment that is effective to increase the hydrophilic properties of a surface of the anode that is in contact with the electrolyte, wherein the treatment comprises contacting the surface of the aluminum with an aqueous solution of a member selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 50. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum compound and the aluminum compound is selected from the group consisting of an aluminum transition metal oxide (AlxMyOz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); an aluminum transition metal sulfide, (AlxMySz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); aluminum lithium cobalt oxide (AlLi3CoO2); lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4); sodium aluminum hydride (NaAlH4); potassium aluminum fluoride (KAlF4); and mixtures thereof. 51. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an alkali metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 52. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an aluminum halide selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, aluminum iodide, and mixtures thereof. 53. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the porous separator has an average pore size of 0.067 μm to 1.2 μm. 54. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphite-graphite oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 55. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphene, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 56. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate. 57. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum phosphate. 58. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte comprises sodium nitrate. | 2,900 |
349,593 | 29,726,280 | 2,925 | A rechargeable battery using a solution of an aluminum salt as an electrolyte is disclosed, as well as methods of making the battery and methods of using the battery. | 1-29. (canceled) 30. A secondary battery comprising:
an anode comprising aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or an aluminum compound; a cathode; a porous separator comprising an electrically insulating material that prevents direct contact of the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte comprising a solution of an aluminum salt, wherein electrolyte is in contact with the anode and with the cathode. 31. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide. 32. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is a lithium manganese oxide that has been subjected to an acid treatment. 33. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 34. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the battery is operable to charge and discharge by causing transport of a polyatomic ion comprising aluminum. 35. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the aluminum in the polyatomic ion has a valence of 3+ and the polyatomic ion has a valence of lower magnitude. 36. The secondary battery of claim 35, wherein the valence of lower magnitude is 1−. 37. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the polyatomic ion is Al(OH)4 1−. 38. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising the aluminum salt. 39. The secondary battery of claim 38, wherein a concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 40. The secondary battery of claim 39, wherein the concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 41. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 42. The secondary battery of claim 41, wherein a concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 43. The secondary battery of claim 42, wherein the concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 44. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 45. The secondary battery of claim 44, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 46. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum bromide hexahydrate, aluminum fluoride, aluminum fluoride trihydrate, aluminum iodide hexahydrate, aluminum perchlorate, aluminum hydroxide, and combinations thereof. 47. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a lithium manganese oxide, an acid-treated lithium manganese oxide, a lithium metal manganese oxide (where the metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, aluminum, chromium and combinations thereof), an acid-treated lithium metal manganese oxide, a graphite metal composite (where the metal is an electrically conductive metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, aluminum, and mixtures thereof), a graphite-graphite oxide, a manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, and graphene. 48. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum and at least one element selected from the group consisting of manganese, magnesium, lithium, zirconia, iron, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, nickel, copper, silicon, chromium, titanium, tin, and zinc. 49. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode is the aluminum and the aluminum has received a treatment that is effective to increase the hydrophilic properties of a surface of the anode that is in contact with the electrolyte, wherein the treatment comprises contacting the surface of the aluminum with an aqueous solution of a member selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 50. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum compound and the aluminum compound is selected from the group consisting of an aluminum transition metal oxide (AlxMyOz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); an aluminum transition metal sulfide, (AlxMySz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); aluminum lithium cobalt oxide (AlLi3CoO2); lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4); sodium aluminum hydride (NaAlH4); potassium aluminum fluoride (KAlF4); and mixtures thereof. 51. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an alkali metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 52. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an aluminum halide selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, aluminum iodide, and mixtures thereof. 53. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the porous separator has an average pore size of 0.067 μm to 1.2 μm. 54. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphite-graphite oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 55. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphene, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 56. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate. 57. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum phosphate. 58. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte comprises sodium nitrate. | A rechargeable battery using a solution of an aluminum salt as an electrolyte is disclosed, as well as methods of making the battery and methods of using the battery.1-29. (canceled) 30. A secondary battery comprising:
an anode comprising aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or an aluminum compound; a cathode; a porous separator comprising an electrically insulating material that prevents direct contact of the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte comprising a solution of an aluminum salt, wherein electrolyte is in contact with the anode and with the cathode. 31. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide. 32. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is a lithium manganese oxide that has been subjected to an acid treatment. 33. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 34. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the battery is operable to charge and discharge by causing transport of a polyatomic ion comprising aluminum. 35. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the aluminum in the polyatomic ion has a valence of 3+ and the polyatomic ion has a valence of lower magnitude. 36. The secondary battery of claim 35, wherein the valence of lower magnitude is 1−. 37. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the polyatomic ion is Al(OH)4 1−. 38. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising the aluminum salt. 39. The secondary battery of claim 38, wherein a concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 40. The secondary battery of claim 39, wherein the concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 41. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 42. The secondary battery of claim 41, wherein a concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 43. The secondary battery of claim 42, wherein the concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 44. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 45. The secondary battery of claim 44, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 46. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum bromide hexahydrate, aluminum fluoride, aluminum fluoride trihydrate, aluminum iodide hexahydrate, aluminum perchlorate, aluminum hydroxide, and combinations thereof. 47. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a lithium manganese oxide, an acid-treated lithium manganese oxide, a lithium metal manganese oxide (where the metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, aluminum, chromium and combinations thereof), an acid-treated lithium metal manganese oxide, a graphite metal composite (where the metal is an electrically conductive metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, aluminum, and mixtures thereof), a graphite-graphite oxide, a manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, and graphene. 48. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum and at least one element selected from the group consisting of manganese, magnesium, lithium, zirconia, iron, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, nickel, copper, silicon, chromium, titanium, tin, and zinc. 49. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode is the aluminum and the aluminum has received a treatment that is effective to increase the hydrophilic properties of a surface of the anode that is in contact with the electrolyte, wherein the treatment comprises contacting the surface of the aluminum with an aqueous solution of a member selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 50. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum compound and the aluminum compound is selected from the group consisting of an aluminum transition metal oxide (AlxMyOz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); an aluminum transition metal sulfide, (AlxMySz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); aluminum lithium cobalt oxide (AlLi3CoO2); lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4); sodium aluminum hydride (NaAlH4); potassium aluminum fluoride (KAlF4); and mixtures thereof. 51. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an alkali metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 52. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an aluminum halide selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, aluminum iodide, and mixtures thereof. 53. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the porous separator has an average pore size of 0.067 μm to 1.2 μm. 54. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphite-graphite oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 55. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphene, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 56. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate. 57. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum phosphate. 58. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte comprises sodium nitrate. | 2,900 |
349,594 | 29,726,255 | 2,925 | A rechargeable battery using a solution of an aluminum salt as an electrolyte is disclosed, as well as methods of making the battery and methods of using the battery. | 1-29. (canceled) 30. A secondary battery comprising:
an anode comprising aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or an aluminum compound; a cathode; a porous separator comprising an electrically insulating material that prevents direct contact of the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte comprising a solution of an aluminum salt, wherein electrolyte is in contact with the anode and with the cathode. 31. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide. 32. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is a lithium manganese oxide that has been subjected to an acid treatment. 33. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 34. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the battery is operable to charge and discharge by causing transport of a polyatomic ion comprising aluminum. 35. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the aluminum in the polyatomic ion has a valence of 3+ and the polyatomic ion has a valence of lower magnitude. 36. The secondary battery of claim 35, wherein the valence of lower magnitude is 1−. 37. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the polyatomic ion is Al(OH)4 1−. 38. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising the aluminum salt. 39. The secondary battery of claim 38, wherein a concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 40. The secondary battery of claim 39, wherein the concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 41. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 42. The secondary battery of claim 41, wherein a concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 43. The secondary battery of claim 42, wherein the concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 44. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 45. The secondary battery of claim 44, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 46. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum bromide hexahydrate, aluminum fluoride, aluminum fluoride trihydrate, aluminum iodide hexahydrate, aluminum perchlorate, aluminum hydroxide, and combinations thereof. 47. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a lithium manganese oxide, an acid-treated lithium manganese oxide, a lithium metal manganese oxide (where the metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, aluminum, chromium and combinations thereof), an acid-treated lithium metal manganese oxide, a graphite metal composite (where the metal is an electrically conductive metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, aluminum, and mixtures thereof), a graphite-graphite oxide, a manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, and graphene. 48. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum and at least one element selected from the group consisting of manganese, magnesium, lithium, zirconia, iron, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, nickel, copper, silicon, chromium, titanium, tin, and zinc. 49. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode is the aluminum and the aluminum has received a treatment that is effective to increase the hydrophilic properties of a surface of the anode that is in contact with the electrolyte, wherein the treatment comprises contacting the surface of the aluminum with an aqueous solution of a member selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 50. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum compound and the aluminum compound is selected from the group consisting of an aluminum transition metal oxide (AlxMyOz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); an aluminum transition metal sulfide, (AlxMySz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); aluminum lithium cobalt oxide (AlLi3CoO2); lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4); sodium aluminum hydride (NaAlH4); potassium aluminum fluoride (KAlF4); and mixtures thereof. 51. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an alkali metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 52. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an aluminum halide selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, aluminum iodide, and mixtures thereof. 53. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the porous separator has an average pore size of 0.067 μm to 1.2 μm. 54. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphite-graphite oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 55. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphene, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 56. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate. 57. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum phosphate. 58. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte comprises sodium nitrate. | A rechargeable battery using a solution of an aluminum salt as an electrolyte is disclosed, as well as methods of making the battery and methods of using the battery.1-29. (canceled) 30. A secondary battery comprising:
an anode comprising aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or an aluminum compound; a cathode; a porous separator comprising an electrically insulating material that prevents direct contact of the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte comprising a solution of an aluminum salt, wherein electrolyte is in contact with the anode and with the cathode. 31. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide. 32. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is a lithium manganese oxide that has been subjected to an acid treatment. 33. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 34. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the battery is operable to charge and discharge by causing transport of a polyatomic ion comprising aluminum. 35. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the aluminum in the polyatomic ion has a valence of 3+ and the polyatomic ion has a valence of lower magnitude. 36. The secondary battery of claim 35, wherein the valence of lower magnitude is 1−. 37. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the polyatomic ion is Al(OH)4 1−. 38. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising the aluminum salt. 39. The secondary battery of claim 38, wherein a concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 40. The secondary battery of claim 39, wherein the concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 41. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 42. The secondary battery of claim 41, wherein a concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 43. The secondary battery of claim 42, wherein the concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 44. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 45. The secondary battery of claim 44, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 46. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum bromide hexahydrate, aluminum fluoride, aluminum fluoride trihydrate, aluminum iodide hexahydrate, aluminum perchlorate, aluminum hydroxide, and combinations thereof. 47. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a lithium manganese oxide, an acid-treated lithium manganese oxide, a lithium metal manganese oxide (where the metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, aluminum, chromium and combinations thereof), an acid-treated lithium metal manganese oxide, a graphite metal composite (where the metal is an electrically conductive metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, aluminum, and mixtures thereof), a graphite-graphite oxide, a manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, and graphene. 48. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum and at least one element selected from the group consisting of manganese, magnesium, lithium, zirconia, iron, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, nickel, copper, silicon, chromium, titanium, tin, and zinc. 49. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode is the aluminum and the aluminum has received a treatment that is effective to increase the hydrophilic properties of a surface of the anode that is in contact with the electrolyte, wherein the treatment comprises contacting the surface of the aluminum with an aqueous solution of a member selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 50. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum compound and the aluminum compound is selected from the group consisting of an aluminum transition metal oxide (AlxMyOz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); an aluminum transition metal sulfide, (AlxMySz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); aluminum lithium cobalt oxide (AlLi3CoO2); lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4); sodium aluminum hydride (NaAlH4); potassium aluminum fluoride (KAlF4); and mixtures thereof. 51. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an alkali metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 52. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an aluminum halide selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, aluminum iodide, and mixtures thereof. 53. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the porous separator has an average pore size of 0.067 μm to 1.2 μm. 54. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphite-graphite oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 55. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphene, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 56. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate. 57. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum phosphate. 58. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte comprises sodium nitrate. | 2,900 |
349,595 | 29,726,279 | 2,925 | A rechargeable battery using a solution of an aluminum salt as an electrolyte is disclosed, as well as methods of making the battery and methods of using the battery. | 1-29. (canceled) 30. A secondary battery comprising:
an anode comprising aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or an aluminum compound; a cathode; a porous separator comprising an electrically insulating material that prevents direct contact of the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte comprising a solution of an aluminum salt, wherein electrolyte is in contact with the anode and with the cathode. 31. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide. 32. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is a lithium manganese oxide that has been subjected to an acid treatment. 33. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 34. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the battery is operable to charge and discharge by causing transport of a polyatomic ion comprising aluminum. 35. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the aluminum in the polyatomic ion has a valence of 3+ and the polyatomic ion has a valence of lower magnitude. 36. The secondary battery of claim 35, wherein the valence of lower magnitude is 1−. 37. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the polyatomic ion is Al(OH)4 1−. 38. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising the aluminum salt. 39. The secondary battery of claim 38, wherein a concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 40. The secondary battery of claim 39, wherein the concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 41. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 42. The secondary battery of claim 41, wherein a concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 43. The secondary battery of claim 42, wherein the concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 44. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 45. The secondary battery of claim 44, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 46. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum bromide hexahydrate, aluminum fluoride, aluminum fluoride trihydrate, aluminum iodide hexahydrate, aluminum perchlorate, aluminum hydroxide, and combinations thereof. 47. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a lithium manganese oxide, an acid-treated lithium manganese oxide, a lithium metal manganese oxide (where the metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, aluminum, chromium and combinations thereof), an acid-treated lithium metal manganese oxide, a graphite metal composite (where the metal is an electrically conductive metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, aluminum, and mixtures thereof), a graphite-graphite oxide, a manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, and graphene. 48. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum and at least one element selected from the group consisting of manganese, magnesium, lithium, zirconia, iron, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, nickel, copper, silicon, chromium, titanium, tin, and zinc. 49. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode is the aluminum and the aluminum has received a treatment that is effective to increase the hydrophilic properties of a surface of the anode that is in contact with the electrolyte, wherein the treatment comprises contacting the surface of the aluminum with an aqueous solution of a member selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 50. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum compound and the aluminum compound is selected from the group consisting of an aluminum transition metal oxide (AlxMyOz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); an aluminum transition metal sulfide, (AlxMySz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); aluminum lithium cobalt oxide (AlLi3CoO2); lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4); sodium aluminum hydride (NaAlH4); potassium aluminum fluoride (KAlF4); and mixtures thereof. 51. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an alkali metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 52. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an aluminum halide selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, aluminum iodide, and mixtures thereof. 53. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the porous separator has an average pore size of 0.067 μm to 1.2 μm. 54. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphite-graphite oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 55. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphene, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 56. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate. 57. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum phosphate. 58. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte comprises sodium nitrate. | A rechargeable battery using a solution of an aluminum salt as an electrolyte is disclosed, as well as methods of making the battery and methods of using the battery.1-29. (canceled) 30. A secondary battery comprising:
an anode comprising aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or an aluminum compound; a cathode; a porous separator comprising an electrically insulating material that prevents direct contact of the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte comprising a solution of an aluminum salt, wherein electrolyte is in contact with the anode and with the cathode. 31. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide. 32. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is a lithium manganese oxide that has been subjected to an acid treatment. 33. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 34. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the battery is operable to charge and discharge by causing transport of a polyatomic ion comprising aluminum. 35. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the aluminum in the polyatomic ion has a valence of 3+ and the polyatomic ion has a valence of lower magnitude. 36. The secondary battery of claim 35, wherein the valence of lower magnitude is 1−. 37. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the polyatomic ion is Al(OH)4 1−. 38. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising the aluminum salt. 39. The secondary battery of claim 38, wherein a concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 40. The secondary battery of claim 39, wherein the concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 41. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 42. The secondary battery of claim 41, wherein a concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 43. The secondary battery of claim 42, wherein the concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 44. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 45. The secondary battery of claim 44, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 46. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum bromide hexahydrate, aluminum fluoride, aluminum fluoride trihydrate, aluminum iodide hexahydrate, aluminum perchlorate, aluminum hydroxide, and combinations thereof. 47. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a lithium manganese oxide, an acid-treated lithium manganese oxide, a lithium metal manganese oxide (where the metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, aluminum, chromium and combinations thereof), an acid-treated lithium metal manganese oxide, a graphite metal composite (where the metal is an electrically conductive metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, aluminum, and mixtures thereof), a graphite-graphite oxide, a manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, and graphene. 48. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum and at least one element selected from the group consisting of manganese, magnesium, lithium, zirconia, iron, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, nickel, copper, silicon, chromium, titanium, tin, and zinc. 49. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode is the aluminum and the aluminum has received a treatment that is effective to increase the hydrophilic properties of a surface of the anode that is in contact with the electrolyte, wherein the treatment comprises contacting the surface of the aluminum with an aqueous solution of a member selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 50. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum compound and the aluminum compound is selected from the group consisting of an aluminum transition metal oxide (AlxMyOz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); an aluminum transition metal sulfide, (AlxMySz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); aluminum lithium cobalt oxide (AlLi3CoO2); lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4); sodium aluminum hydride (NaAlH4); potassium aluminum fluoride (KAlF4); and mixtures thereof. 51. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an alkali metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 52. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an aluminum halide selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, aluminum iodide, and mixtures thereof. 53. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the porous separator has an average pore size of 0.067 μm to 1.2 μm. 54. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphite-graphite oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 55. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphene, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 56. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate. 57. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum phosphate. 58. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte comprises sodium nitrate. | 2,900 |
349,596 | 29,726,240 | 2,917 | A rechargeable battery using a solution of an aluminum salt as an electrolyte is disclosed, as well as methods of making the battery and methods of using the battery. | 1-29. (canceled) 30. A secondary battery comprising:
an anode comprising aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or an aluminum compound; a cathode; a porous separator comprising an electrically insulating material that prevents direct contact of the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte comprising a solution of an aluminum salt, wherein electrolyte is in contact with the anode and with the cathode. 31. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide. 32. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is a lithium manganese oxide that has been subjected to an acid treatment. 33. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 34. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the battery is operable to charge and discharge by causing transport of a polyatomic ion comprising aluminum. 35. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the aluminum in the polyatomic ion has a valence of 3+ and the polyatomic ion has a valence of lower magnitude. 36. The secondary battery of claim 35, wherein the valence of lower magnitude is 1−. 37. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the polyatomic ion is Al(OH)4 1−. 38. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising the aluminum salt. 39. The secondary battery of claim 38, wherein a concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 40. The secondary battery of claim 39, wherein the concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 41. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 42. The secondary battery of claim 41, wherein a concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 43. The secondary battery of claim 42, wherein the concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 44. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 45. The secondary battery of claim 44, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 46. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum bromide hexahydrate, aluminum fluoride, aluminum fluoride trihydrate, aluminum iodide hexahydrate, aluminum perchlorate, aluminum hydroxide, and combinations thereof. 47. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a lithium manganese oxide, an acid-treated lithium manganese oxide, a lithium metal manganese oxide (where the metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, aluminum, chromium and combinations thereof), an acid-treated lithium metal manganese oxide, a graphite metal composite (where the metal is an electrically conductive metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, aluminum, and mixtures thereof), a graphite-graphite oxide, a manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, and graphene. 48. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum and at least one element selected from the group consisting of manganese, magnesium, lithium, zirconia, iron, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, nickel, copper, silicon, chromium, titanium, tin, and zinc. 49. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode is the aluminum and the aluminum has received a treatment that is effective to increase the hydrophilic properties of a surface of the anode that is in contact with the electrolyte, wherein the treatment comprises contacting the surface of the aluminum with an aqueous solution of a member selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 50. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum compound and the aluminum compound is selected from the group consisting of an aluminum transition metal oxide (AlxMyOz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); an aluminum transition metal sulfide, (AlxMySz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); aluminum lithium cobalt oxide (AlLi3CoO2); lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4); sodium aluminum hydride (NaAlH4); potassium aluminum fluoride (KAlF4); and mixtures thereof. 51. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an alkali metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 52. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an aluminum halide selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, aluminum iodide, and mixtures thereof. 53. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the porous separator has an average pore size of 0.067 μm to 1.2 μm. 54. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphite-graphite oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 55. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphene, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 56. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate. 57. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum phosphate. 58. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte comprises sodium nitrate. | A rechargeable battery using a solution of an aluminum salt as an electrolyte is disclosed, as well as methods of making the battery and methods of using the battery.1-29. (canceled) 30. A secondary battery comprising:
an anode comprising aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or an aluminum compound; a cathode; a porous separator comprising an electrically insulating material that prevents direct contact of the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte comprising a solution of an aluminum salt, wherein electrolyte is in contact with the anode and with the cathode. 31. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide. 32. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is a lithium manganese oxide that has been subjected to an acid treatment. 33. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 34. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the battery is operable to charge and discharge by causing transport of a polyatomic ion comprising aluminum. 35. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the aluminum in the polyatomic ion has a valence of 3+ and the polyatomic ion has a valence of lower magnitude. 36. The secondary battery of claim 35, wherein the valence of lower magnitude is 1−. 37. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the polyatomic ion is Al(OH)4 1−. 38. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising the aluminum salt. 39. The secondary battery of claim 38, wherein a concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 40. The secondary battery of claim 39, wherein the concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 41. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 42. The secondary battery of claim 41, wherein a concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 43. The secondary battery of claim 42, wherein the concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 44. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 45. The secondary battery of claim 44, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 46. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum bromide hexahydrate, aluminum fluoride, aluminum fluoride trihydrate, aluminum iodide hexahydrate, aluminum perchlorate, aluminum hydroxide, and combinations thereof. 47. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a lithium manganese oxide, an acid-treated lithium manganese oxide, a lithium metal manganese oxide (where the metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, aluminum, chromium and combinations thereof), an acid-treated lithium metal manganese oxide, a graphite metal composite (where the metal is an electrically conductive metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, aluminum, and mixtures thereof), a graphite-graphite oxide, a manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, and graphene. 48. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum and at least one element selected from the group consisting of manganese, magnesium, lithium, zirconia, iron, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, nickel, copper, silicon, chromium, titanium, tin, and zinc. 49. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode is the aluminum and the aluminum has received a treatment that is effective to increase the hydrophilic properties of a surface of the anode that is in contact with the electrolyte, wherein the treatment comprises contacting the surface of the aluminum with an aqueous solution of a member selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 50. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum compound and the aluminum compound is selected from the group consisting of an aluminum transition metal oxide (AlxMyOz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); an aluminum transition metal sulfide, (AlxMySz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); aluminum lithium cobalt oxide (AlLi3CoO2); lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4); sodium aluminum hydride (NaAlH4); potassium aluminum fluoride (KAlF4); and mixtures thereof. 51. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an alkali metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 52. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an aluminum halide selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, aluminum iodide, and mixtures thereof. 53. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the porous separator has an average pore size of 0.067 μm to 1.2 μm. 54. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphite-graphite oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 55. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphene, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 56. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate. 57. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum phosphate. 58. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte comprises sodium nitrate. | 2,900 |
349,597 | 29,726,276 | 2,917 | A rechargeable battery using a solution of an aluminum salt as an electrolyte is disclosed, as well as methods of making the battery and methods of using the battery. | 1-29. (canceled) 30. A secondary battery comprising:
an anode comprising aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or an aluminum compound; a cathode; a porous separator comprising an electrically insulating material that prevents direct contact of the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte comprising a solution of an aluminum salt, wherein electrolyte is in contact with the anode and with the cathode. 31. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide. 32. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is a lithium manganese oxide that has been subjected to an acid treatment. 33. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 34. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the battery is operable to charge and discharge by causing transport of a polyatomic ion comprising aluminum. 35. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the aluminum in the polyatomic ion has a valence of 3+ and the polyatomic ion has a valence of lower magnitude. 36. The secondary battery of claim 35, wherein the valence of lower magnitude is 1−. 37. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the polyatomic ion is Al(OH)4 1−. 38. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising the aluminum salt. 39. The secondary battery of claim 38, wherein a concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 40. The secondary battery of claim 39, wherein the concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 41. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 42. The secondary battery of claim 41, wherein a concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 43. The secondary battery of claim 42, wherein the concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 44. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 45. The secondary battery of claim 44, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 46. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum bromide hexahydrate, aluminum fluoride, aluminum fluoride trihydrate, aluminum iodide hexahydrate, aluminum perchlorate, aluminum hydroxide, and combinations thereof. 47. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a lithium manganese oxide, an acid-treated lithium manganese oxide, a lithium metal manganese oxide (where the metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, aluminum, chromium and combinations thereof), an acid-treated lithium metal manganese oxide, a graphite metal composite (where the metal is an electrically conductive metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, aluminum, and mixtures thereof), a graphite-graphite oxide, a manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, and graphene. 48. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum and at least one element selected from the group consisting of manganese, magnesium, lithium, zirconia, iron, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, nickel, copper, silicon, chromium, titanium, tin, and zinc. 49. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode is the aluminum and the aluminum has received a treatment that is effective to increase the hydrophilic properties of a surface of the anode that is in contact with the electrolyte, wherein the treatment comprises contacting the surface of the aluminum with an aqueous solution of a member selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 50. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum compound and the aluminum compound is selected from the group consisting of an aluminum transition metal oxide (AlxMyOz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); an aluminum transition metal sulfide, (AlxMySz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); aluminum lithium cobalt oxide (AlLi3CoO2); lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4); sodium aluminum hydride (NaAlH4); potassium aluminum fluoride (KAlF4); and mixtures thereof. 51. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an alkali metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 52. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an aluminum halide selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, aluminum iodide, and mixtures thereof. 53. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the porous separator has an average pore size of 0.067 μm to 1.2 μm. 54. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphite-graphite oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 55. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphene, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 56. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate. 57. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum phosphate. 58. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte comprises sodium nitrate. | A rechargeable battery using a solution of an aluminum salt as an electrolyte is disclosed, as well as methods of making the battery and methods of using the battery.1-29. (canceled) 30. A secondary battery comprising:
an anode comprising aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or an aluminum compound; a cathode; a porous separator comprising an electrically insulating material that prevents direct contact of the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte comprising a solution of an aluminum salt, wherein electrolyte is in contact with the anode and with the cathode. 31. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide. 32. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is a lithium manganese oxide that has been subjected to an acid treatment. 33. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 34. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the battery is operable to charge and discharge by causing transport of a polyatomic ion comprising aluminum. 35. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the aluminum in the polyatomic ion has a valence of 3+ and the polyatomic ion has a valence of lower magnitude. 36. The secondary battery of claim 35, wherein the valence of lower magnitude is 1−. 37. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the polyatomic ion is Al(OH)4 1−. 38. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising the aluminum salt. 39. The secondary battery of claim 38, wherein a concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 40. The secondary battery of claim 39, wherein the concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 41. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 42. The secondary battery of claim 41, wherein a concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 43. The secondary battery of claim 42, wherein the concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 44. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 45. The secondary battery of claim 44, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 46. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum bromide hexahydrate, aluminum fluoride, aluminum fluoride trihydrate, aluminum iodide hexahydrate, aluminum perchlorate, aluminum hydroxide, and combinations thereof. 47. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a lithium manganese oxide, an acid-treated lithium manganese oxide, a lithium metal manganese oxide (where the metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, aluminum, chromium and combinations thereof), an acid-treated lithium metal manganese oxide, a graphite metal composite (where the metal is an electrically conductive metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, aluminum, and mixtures thereof), a graphite-graphite oxide, a manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, and graphene. 48. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum and at least one element selected from the group consisting of manganese, magnesium, lithium, zirconia, iron, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, nickel, copper, silicon, chromium, titanium, tin, and zinc. 49. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode is the aluminum and the aluminum has received a treatment that is effective to increase the hydrophilic properties of a surface of the anode that is in contact with the electrolyte, wherein the treatment comprises contacting the surface of the aluminum with an aqueous solution of a member selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 50. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum compound and the aluminum compound is selected from the group consisting of an aluminum transition metal oxide (AlxMyOz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); an aluminum transition metal sulfide, (AlxMySz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); aluminum lithium cobalt oxide (AlLi3CoO2); lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4); sodium aluminum hydride (NaAlH4); potassium aluminum fluoride (KAlF4); and mixtures thereof. 51. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an alkali metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 52. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an aluminum halide selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, aluminum iodide, and mixtures thereof. 53. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the porous separator has an average pore size of 0.067 μm to 1.2 μm. 54. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphite-graphite oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 55. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphene, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 56. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate. 57. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum phosphate. 58. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte comprises sodium nitrate. | 2,900 |
349,598 | 29,726,220 | 2,917 | A rechargeable battery using a solution of an aluminum salt as an electrolyte is disclosed, as well as methods of making the battery and methods of using the battery. | 1-29. (canceled) 30. A secondary battery comprising:
an anode comprising aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or an aluminum compound; a cathode; a porous separator comprising an electrically insulating material that prevents direct contact of the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte comprising a solution of an aluminum salt, wherein electrolyte is in contact with the anode and with the cathode. 31. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide. 32. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is a lithium manganese oxide that has been subjected to an acid treatment. 33. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 34. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the battery is operable to charge and discharge by causing transport of a polyatomic ion comprising aluminum. 35. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the aluminum in the polyatomic ion has a valence of 3+ and the polyatomic ion has a valence of lower magnitude. 36. The secondary battery of claim 35, wherein the valence of lower magnitude is 1−. 37. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the polyatomic ion is Al(OH)4 1−. 38. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising the aluminum salt. 39. The secondary battery of claim 38, wherein a concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 40. The secondary battery of claim 39, wherein the concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 41. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 42. The secondary battery of claim 41, wherein a concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 43. The secondary battery of claim 42, wherein the concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 44. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 45. The secondary battery of claim 44, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 46. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum bromide hexahydrate, aluminum fluoride, aluminum fluoride trihydrate, aluminum iodide hexahydrate, aluminum perchlorate, aluminum hydroxide, and combinations thereof. 47. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a lithium manganese oxide, an acid-treated lithium manganese oxide, a lithium metal manganese oxide (where the metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, aluminum, chromium and combinations thereof), an acid-treated lithium metal manganese oxide, a graphite metal composite (where the metal is an electrically conductive metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, aluminum, and mixtures thereof), a graphite-graphite oxide, a manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, and graphene. 48. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum and at least one element selected from the group consisting of manganese, magnesium, lithium, zirconia, iron, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, nickel, copper, silicon, chromium, titanium, tin, and zinc. 49. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode is the aluminum and the aluminum has received a treatment that is effective to increase the hydrophilic properties of a surface of the anode that is in contact with the electrolyte, wherein the treatment comprises contacting the surface of the aluminum with an aqueous solution of a member selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 50. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum compound and the aluminum compound is selected from the group consisting of an aluminum transition metal oxide (AlxMyOz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); an aluminum transition metal sulfide, (AlxMySz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); aluminum lithium cobalt oxide (AlLi3CoO2); lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4); sodium aluminum hydride (NaAlH4); potassium aluminum fluoride (KAlF4); and mixtures thereof. 51. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an alkali metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 52. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an aluminum halide selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, aluminum iodide, and mixtures thereof. 53. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the porous separator has an average pore size of 0.067 μm to 1.2 μm. 54. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphite-graphite oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 55. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphene, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 56. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate. 57. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum phosphate. 58. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte comprises sodium nitrate. | A rechargeable battery using a solution of an aluminum salt as an electrolyte is disclosed, as well as methods of making the battery and methods of using the battery.1-29. (canceled) 30. A secondary battery comprising:
an anode comprising aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or an aluminum compound; a cathode; a porous separator comprising an electrically insulating material that prevents direct contact of the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte comprising a solution of an aluminum salt, wherein electrolyte is in contact with the anode and with the cathode. 31. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide. 32. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is a lithium manganese oxide that has been subjected to an acid treatment. 33. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 34. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the battery is operable to charge and discharge by causing transport of a polyatomic ion comprising aluminum. 35. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the aluminum in the polyatomic ion has a valence of 3+ and the polyatomic ion has a valence of lower magnitude. 36. The secondary battery of claim 35, wherein the valence of lower magnitude is 1−. 37. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the polyatomic ion is Al(OH)4 1−. 38. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising the aluminum salt. 39. The secondary battery of claim 38, wherein a concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 40. The secondary battery of claim 39, wherein the concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 41. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 42. The secondary battery of claim 41, wherein a concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 43. The secondary battery of claim 42, wherein the concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 44. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 45. The secondary battery of claim 44, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 46. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum bromide hexahydrate, aluminum fluoride, aluminum fluoride trihydrate, aluminum iodide hexahydrate, aluminum perchlorate, aluminum hydroxide, and combinations thereof. 47. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a lithium manganese oxide, an acid-treated lithium manganese oxide, a lithium metal manganese oxide (where the metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, aluminum, chromium and combinations thereof), an acid-treated lithium metal manganese oxide, a graphite metal composite (where the metal is an electrically conductive metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, aluminum, and mixtures thereof), a graphite-graphite oxide, a manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, and graphene. 48. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum and at least one element selected from the group consisting of manganese, magnesium, lithium, zirconia, iron, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, nickel, copper, silicon, chromium, titanium, tin, and zinc. 49. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode is the aluminum and the aluminum has received a treatment that is effective to increase the hydrophilic properties of a surface of the anode that is in contact with the electrolyte, wherein the treatment comprises contacting the surface of the aluminum with an aqueous solution of a member selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 50. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum compound and the aluminum compound is selected from the group consisting of an aluminum transition metal oxide (AlxMyOz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); an aluminum transition metal sulfide, (AlxMySz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); aluminum lithium cobalt oxide (AlLi3CoO2); lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4); sodium aluminum hydride (NaAlH4); potassium aluminum fluoride (KAlF4); and mixtures thereof. 51. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an alkali metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 52. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an aluminum halide selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, aluminum iodide, and mixtures thereof. 53. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the porous separator has an average pore size of 0.067 μm to 1.2 μm. 54. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphite-graphite oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 55. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphene, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 56. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate. 57. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum phosphate. 58. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte comprises sodium nitrate. | 2,900 |
349,599 | 29,726,271 | 2,917 | A rechargeable battery using a solution of an aluminum salt as an electrolyte is disclosed, as well as methods of making the battery and methods of using the battery. | 1-29. (canceled) 30. A secondary battery comprising:
an anode comprising aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or an aluminum compound; a cathode; a porous separator comprising an electrically insulating material that prevents direct contact of the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte comprising a solution of an aluminum salt, wherein electrolyte is in contact with the anode and with the cathode. 31. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide. 32. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is a lithium manganese oxide that has been subjected to an acid treatment. 33. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 34. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the battery is operable to charge and discharge by causing transport of a polyatomic ion comprising aluminum. 35. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the aluminum in the polyatomic ion has a valence of 3+ and the polyatomic ion has a valence of lower magnitude. 36. The secondary battery of claim 35, wherein the valence of lower magnitude is 1−. 37. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the polyatomic ion is Al(OH)4 1−. 38. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising the aluminum salt. 39. The secondary battery of claim 38, wherein a concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 40. The secondary battery of claim 39, wherein the concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 41. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 42. The secondary battery of claim 41, wherein a concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 43. The secondary battery of claim 42, wherein the concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 44. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 45. The secondary battery of claim 44, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 46. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum bromide hexahydrate, aluminum fluoride, aluminum fluoride trihydrate, aluminum iodide hexahydrate, aluminum perchlorate, aluminum hydroxide, and combinations thereof. 47. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a lithium manganese oxide, an acid-treated lithium manganese oxide, a lithium metal manganese oxide (where the metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, aluminum, chromium and combinations thereof), an acid-treated lithium metal manganese oxide, a graphite metal composite (where the metal is an electrically conductive metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, aluminum, and mixtures thereof), a graphite-graphite oxide, a manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, and graphene. 48. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum and at least one element selected from the group consisting of manganese, magnesium, lithium, zirconia, iron, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, nickel, copper, silicon, chromium, titanium, tin, and zinc. 49. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode is the aluminum and the aluminum has received a treatment that is effective to increase the hydrophilic properties of a surface of the anode that is in contact with the electrolyte, wherein the treatment comprises contacting the surface of the aluminum with an aqueous solution of a member selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 50. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum compound and the aluminum compound is selected from the group consisting of an aluminum transition metal oxide (AlxMyOz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); an aluminum transition metal sulfide, (AlxMySz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); aluminum lithium cobalt oxide (AlLi3CoO2); lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4); sodium aluminum hydride (NaAlH4); potassium aluminum fluoride (KAlF4); and mixtures thereof. 51. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an alkali metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 52. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an aluminum halide selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, aluminum iodide, and mixtures thereof. 53. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the porous separator has an average pore size of 0.067 μm to 1.2 μm. 54. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphite-graphite oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 55. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphene, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 56. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate. 57. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum phosphate. 58. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte comprises sodium nitrate. | A rechargeable battery using a solution of an aluminum salt as an electrolyte is disclosed, as well as methods of making the battery and methods of using the battery.1-29. (canceled) 30. A secondary battery comprising:
an anode comprising aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or an aluminum compound; a cathode; a porous separator comprising an electrically insulating material that prevents direct contact of the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte comprising a solution of an aluminum salt, wherein electrolyte is in contact with the anode and with the cathode. 31. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide. 32. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is a lithium manganese oxide that has been subjected to an acid treatment. 33. The secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 34. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the battery is operable to charge and discharge by causing transport of a polyatomic ion comprising aluminum. 35. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the aluminum in the polyatomic ion has a valence of 3+ and the polyatomic ion has a valence of lower magnitude. 36. The secondary battery of claim 35, wherein the valence of lower magnitude is 1−. 37. The secondary battery of claim 34, wherein the polyatomic ion is Al(OH)4 1−. 38. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising the aluminum salt. 39. The secondary battery of claim 38, wherein a concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 40. The secondary battery of claim 39, wherein the concentration of the aluminum salt in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 41. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 42. The secondary battery of claim 41, wherein a concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from 0.05 M to 5 M. 43. The secondary battery of claim 42, wherein the concentration of the aluminum nitrate in the aqueous solution is in a range from about 0.5 M to about 3 M. 44. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a manganese oxide and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum nitrate. 45. The secondary battery of claim 44, wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide. 46. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum bromide hexahydrate, aluminum fluoride, aluminum fluoride trihydrate, aluminum iodide hexahydrate, aluminum perchlorate, aluminum hydroxide, and combinations thereof. 47. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the cathode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a lithium manganese oxide, an acid-treated lithium manganese oxide, a lithium metal manganese oxide (where the metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, aluminum, chromium and combinations thereof), an acid-treated lithium metal manganese oxide, a graphite metal composite (where the metal is an electrically conductive metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, aluminum, and mixtures thereof), a graphite-graphite oxide, a manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, and graphene. 48. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum and at least one element selected from the group consisting of manganese, magnesium, lithium, zirconia, iron, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, nickel, copper, silicon, chromium, titanium, tin, and zinc. 49. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode is the aluminum and the aluminum has received a treatment that is effective to increase the hydrophilic properties of a surface of the anode that is in contact with the electrolyte, wherein the treatment comprises contacting the surface of the aluminum with an aqueous solution of a member selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 50. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises the aluminum compound and the aluminum compound is selected from the group consisting of an aluminum transition metal oxide (AlxMyOz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); an aluminum transition metal sulfide, (AlxMySz, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, manganese, chromium, cobalt and mixtures thereof and x, y, and z range from 0 to 8, inclusive); aluminum lithium cobalt oxide (AlLi3CoO2); lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4); sodium aluminum hydride (NaAlH4); potassium aluminum fluoride (KAlF4); and mixtures thereof. 51. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an alkali metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 52. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an aluminum halide selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, aluminum iodide, and mixtures thereof. 53. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the porous separator has an average pore size of 0.067 μm to 1.2 μm. 54. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphite-graphite oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 55. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the anode comprises aluminum metal, the cathode comprises graphene, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising aluminum salt. 56. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate. 57. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum phosphate. 58. The secondary battery of claim 30, wherein the electrolyte comprises sodium nitrate. | 2,900 |
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