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346,700 | 16,805,136 | 2,495 | The present disclosure relates to methods for predicting or determining whether a subject with coronary artery disease is likely to experience or develop a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) based on comparing the concentration or levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) determined by one or more assays before a stress test and then during or after a stress test. | 1. A method of determining whether a subject with coronary artery disease is likely to experience a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), the method comprising the steps of:
a. performing at least one assay to determine a level of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in a sample obtained from a subject prior to performing a stress test; b. conducting a stress test on the subject; c. performing at least one assay to determine the level of cTnI in a sample obtained from the subject during or after the stress test; d. comparing the levels of cTnI before and during or after the stress test; and e. determining that the subject is (i) likely to experience a MACE if the level of cTnI measured during or after the stress test has increased at least about 10% when compared with the level of cTnI measured before the stress test; or (ii) not likely to experience a MACE if the level of cTnI measure during or after the stress test has not increased by at least about 10% when compared with the level of cTnI measured before the stress test. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject has stable coronary artery disease. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the assay is performed during the stress test. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the assay is performed after the stress test. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the sample is a blood sample, a serum sample, or a plasma sample. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is determined (i) likely to experience a MACE if the level of cTnI measured during or after the stress test has increased at least about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, about 20%, about 21%, about 22%, about 23%, about 24%, about 25%, about 26%, about 27%, about 28%, about 29%, about 30%, about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, about 35%, about 36%, about 37%, about 38%, about 39%, about 40%, about 41%, about 42%, about 43%, about 44%, about 45%, about 46%, about 47%, about 48%, about 49%, or about 50% when compared with the level of cTnI measured before the stress test; or (ii) not likely to experience a MACE if the level of cTnI measure during or after the stress test has not increased by at least about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, about 20%, about 21%, about 22%, about 23%, about 24%, about 25%, about 26%, about 27%, about 28%, about 29%, about 30%, about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, about 35%, about 36%, about 37%, about 38%, about 39%, about 40%, about 41%, about 42%, about 43%, about 44%, about 45%, about 46%, about 47%, about 48%, about 49%, or about 50% when compared with the level of cTnI measured before the stress test. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one assay performed before the stress test and the at least one assay performed after the stress test are the same. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one assay performed before the stress test and the at least one assay performed after the stress test are different assays. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one assay performed before the stress test is an immunoassay, a clinical chemistry assay, a point-of-care assay, or a single molecule detection assay. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one assay performed during or after the stress test is an immunoassay, a clinical chemistry assay, a point-of-care assay, or a single molecule detection assay. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the level of cTnI is determined using a high sensitivity cardiac troponin I assay. | The present disclosure relates to methods for predicting or determining whether a subject with coronary artery disease is likely to experience or develop a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) based on comparing the concentration or levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) determined by one or more assays before a stress test and then during or after a stress test.1. A method of determining whether a subject with coronary artery disease is likely to experience a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), the method comprising the steps of:
a. performing at least one assay to determine a level of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in a sample obtained from a subject prior to performing a stress test; b. conducting a stress test on the subject; c. performing at least one assay to determine the level of cTnI in a sample obtained from the subject during or after the stress test; d. comparing the levels of cTnI before and during or after the stress test; and e. determining that the subject is (i) likely to experience a MACE if the level of cTnI measured during or after the stress test has increased at least about 10% when compared with the level of cTnI measured before the stress test; or (ii) not likely to experience a MACE if the level of cTnI measure during or after the stress test has not increased by at least about 10% when compared with the level of cTnI measured before the stress test. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject has stable coronary artery disease. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the assay is performed during the stress test. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the assay is performed after the stress test. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the sample is a blood sample, a serum sample, or a plasma sample. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is determined (i) likely to experience a MACE if the level of cTnI measured during or after the stress test has increased at least about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, about 20%, about 21%, about 22%, about 23%, about 24%, about 25%, about 26%, about 27%, about 28%, about 29%, about 30%, about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, about 35%, about 36%, about 37%, about 38%, about 39%, about 40%, about 41%, about 42%, about 43%, about 44%, about 45%, about 46%, about 47%, about 48%, about 49%, or about 50% when compared with the level of cTnI measured before the stress test; or (ii) not likely to experience a MACE if the level of cTnI measure during or after the stress test has not increased by at least about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, about 20%, about 21%, about 22%, about 23%, about 24%, about 25%, about 26%, about 27%, about 28%, about 29%, about 30%, about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, about 35%, about 36%, about 37%, about 38%, about 39%, about 40%, about 41%, about 42%, about 43%, about 44%, about 45%, about 46%, about 47%, about 48%, about 49%, or about 50% when compared with the level of cTnI measured before the stress test. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one assay performed before the stress test and the at least one assay performed after the stress test are the same. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one assay performed before the stress test and the at least one assay performed after the stress test are different assays. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one assay performed before the stress test is an immunoassay, a clinical chemistry assay, a point-of-care assay, or a single molecule detection assay. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one assay performed during or after the stress test is an immunoassay, a clinical chemistry assay, a point-of-care assay, or a single molecule detection assay. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the level of cTnI is determined using a high sensitivity cardiac troponin I assay. | 2,400 |
346,701 | 16,805,161 | 3,791 | An apparatus and method for collecting a breath sample are provided. The apparatus includes a breath input interface configured to receive exhaled breath, a metering device configured to determine a constituent level in the breath being received, a first conduit system extending from the breath input interface and connected to at least one breath sample storage device, a valve positioned along the first conduit system to control a flow of the exhaled breath towards the at least one breath sample storage device, and at least one controller configured to determine if the constituent level is within a constituent level target range, if a change rate in the constituent level is within a constituent level change rate target range, and control the valve to open at least partially based on these conditions. | 1. An apparatus for collecting a breath sample, comprising:
a breath input interface configured to receive exhaled breath; a metering device configured to determine a constituent level in the breath being received; a first conduit system extending from the breath input interface and connected to at least one breath sample storage device; a valve positioned along the first conduit system to control a flow of the exhaled breath towards the at least one breath sample storage device; and at least one controller configured to determine if the constituent level is within a constituent level target range, determine if a change rate in the constituent level is within a constituent level change rate target range, and control the valve to open at least partially based on whether the constituent level is within the constituent level target range and the change rate is within the constituent level change rate target range. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the metering device is a capnometer, the constituent level is a carbon dioxide level, the constituent level target range is a carbon dioxide level target range, and the constituent level change rate target range is a carbon dioxide level change rate target range. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a flow meter configured to determine a flow rate of the exhaled breath being received, wherein the at least one controller is configured to control the valve to open at least partially based on the determined flow rate being within a flow rate target range. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising a display, wherein the at least one controller is configured to control the display to present flow rate notifications thereon. 5. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising at least one light element, wherein the at least one controller is configured to control the at least one light element to present flow rate notifications therewith. 6. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising a speaker, wherein the at least one controller is configured to control the speaker to play audible flow rate notifications therethrough. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the constituent level target range extends between a constituent level minimum threshold and an infinite upper bound. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the constituent level change rate target range extends between an infinite lower bound and a constituent level change rate maximum threshold. 9. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the flow rate target range extends between a minimum flow rate threshold and an infinite upper bound. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one controller is configured to monitor the constituent level after opening the valve. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a flow meter configured to determine a flow rate of the exhaled breath being received, wherein the at least one controller is configured to monitor the flow rate after opening the valve, and control the valve to close at least partially based on the determined flow rate being within a flow rate termination range. 12. A method for collecting a breath sample, comprising:
receiving exhaled breath via a breath input interface from which a first conduit system extends towards at least one breath sample storage device, wherein a valve is positioned to control travel of the exhaled breath from the first conduit system towards the at least one breath sample storage device; determining, via at least one controller, if a constituent level in the exhaled breath being received is within a constituent level target range; determining a change rate in the constituent level is within a constituent level change rate target range; and controlling the valve to open at least partially based on whether the constituent level is within the constituent level target range and the change rate is within the constituent level change rate target range. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the constituent level is a carbon dioxide level, the constituent level target range is a carbon dioxide level target range, and the constituent level change rate target range is a carbon dioxide level change rate target range. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising determining a flow rate of the exhaled breath being received, wherein the capturing is performed at least partially based on the determined flow rate being within a flow rate target range. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising controlling a display to present flow rate notifications thereon. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising controlling at least one light element to present flow rate notifications therewith. 17. The method of claim 14, further comprising control a speaker to play audible flow rate notifications therethrough. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the carbon dioxide level target range extends between a carbon dioxide level minimum threshold and an infinite upper bound. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the carbon dioxide level change rate target range extends between an infinite lower bound and a carbon dioxide level change rate maximum threshold. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the flow rate target range extends between a minimum flow rate threshold and an infinite upper bound. 21. The method of claim 13, further comprising monitoring the carbon dioxide level after opening the valve. 22. The method of claim 12, further comprising determining a flow rate of the exhaled breath being received, wherein the at least one controller is configured to monitor the flow rate after opening the valve, and control the valve to close at least partially based on the determined flow rate being within a flow rate termination range. | An apparatus and method for collecting a breath sample are provided. The apparatus includes a breath input interface configured to receive exhaled breath, a metering device configured to determine a constituent level in the breath being received, a first conduit system extending from the breath input interface and connected to at least one breath sample storage device, a valve positioned along the first conduit system to control a flow of the exhaled breath towards the at least one breath sample storage device, and at least one controller configured to determine if the constituent level is within a constituent level target range, if a change rate in the constituent level is within a constituent level change rate target range, and control the valve to open at least partially based on these conditions.1. An apparatus for collecting a breath sample, comprising:
a breath input interface configured to receive exhaled breath; a metering device configured to determine a constituent level in the breath being received; a first conduit system extending from the breath input interface and connected to at least one breath sample storage device; a valve positioned along the first conduit system to control a flow of the exhaled breath towards the at least one breath sample storage device; and at least one controller configured to determine if the constituent level is within a constituent level target range, determine if a change rate in the constituent level is within a constituent level change rate target range, and control the valve to open at least partially based on whether the constituent level is within the constituent level target range and the change rate is within the constituent level change rate target range. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the metering device is a capnometer, the constituent level is a carbon dioxide level, the constituent level target range is a carbon dioxide level target range, and the constituent level change rate target range is a carbon dioxide level change rate target range. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a flow meter configured to determine a flow rate of the exhaled breath being received, wherein the at least one controller is configured to control the valve to open at least partially based on the determined flow rate being within a flow rate target range. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising a display, wherein the at least one controller is configured to control the display to present flow rate notifications thereon. 5. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising at least one light element, wherein the at least one controller is configured to control the at least one light element to present flow rate notifications therewith. 6. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising a speaker, wherein the at least one controller is configured to control the speaker to play audible flow rate notifications therethrough. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the constituent level target range extends between a constituent level minimum threshold and an infinite upper bound. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the constituent level change rate target range extends between an infinite lower bound and a constituent level change rate maximum threshold. 9. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the flow rate target range extends between a minimum flow rate threshold and an infinite upper bound. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one controller is configured to monitor the constituent level after opening the valve. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a flow meter configured to determine a flow rate of the exhaled breath being received, wherein the at least one controller is configured to monitor the flow rate after opening the valve, and control the valve to close at least partially based on the determined flow rate being within a flow rate termination range. 12. A method for collecting a breath sample, comprising:
receiving exhaled breath via a breath input interface from which a first conduit system extends towards at least one breath sample storage device, wherein a valve is positioned to control travel of the exhaled breath from the first conduit system towards the at least one breath sample storage device; determining, via at least one controller, if a constituent level in the exhaled breath being received is within a constituent level target range; determining a change rate in the constituent level is within a constituent level change rate target range; and controlling the valve to open at least partially based on whether the constituent level is within the constituent level target range and the change rate is within the constituent level change rate target range. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the constituent level is a carbon dioxide level, the constituent level target range is a carbon dioxide level target range, and the constituent level change rate target range is a carbon dioxide level change rate target range. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising determining a flow rate of the exhaled breath being received, wherein the capturing is performed at least partially based on the determined flow rate being within a flow rate target range. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising controlling a display to present flow rate notifications thereon. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising controlling at least one light element to present flow rate notifications therewith. 17. The method of claim 14, further comprising control a speaker to play audible flow rate notifications therethrough. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the carbon dioxide level target range extends between a carbon dioxide level minimum threshold and an infinite upper bound. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the carbon dioxide level change rate target range extends between an infinite lower bound and a carbon dioxide level change rate maximum threshold. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the flow rate target range extends between a minimum flow rate threshold and an infinite upper bound. 21. The method of claim 13, further comprising monitoring the carbon dioxide level after opening the valve. 22. The method of claim 12, further comprising determining a flow rate of the exhaled breath being received, wherein the at least one controller is configured to monitor the flow rate after opening the valve, and control the valve to close at least partially based on the determined flow rate being within a flow rate termination range. | 3,700 |
346,702 | 16,805,094 | 3,791 | This document describes methods and materials for mapping and modulating repolarization. For example, this document relates to methods and devices for mapping and modulating repolarization to target atrial and ventricular arrhythmias to deliver electrical stimulation pacing, ablation and/or electroporation. | 1. A method of treating cardiac arrhythmias, the method comprising:
receiving a repolarization signal from a first electrode on a distal portion of a mapping catheter while the distal portion of the mapping catheter is inserted in a heart of a patient such that the first electrode is located at a first location; filtering the repolarization signal received from the first electrode; delivering stimulation to the heart via the first electrode; and creating a repolarization map of the heart. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein filtering the repolarization signal comprises reducing noise from the repolarization signal. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein filtering the repolarization signal comprises:
calculating a differential of the repolarization signal; and removing the derivative signal from the repolarization signal. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an external signal from a second electrode external to the heart at a second location; and calibrating the external signal with the repolarization signal from the first electrode. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first location and the second location receive signals from a similar area of the heart. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein calibrating the external signal further comprises moving the external electrode to a third location, and wherein creating the repolarization map of the heart comprises using the external signal to create the repolarization map. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein calibrating the external signal comprises taking a first order differential of the external signal. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein calibrating the external signal comprises measuring a downslope of the t-wave intersection with a baseline. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising delivering electroporation to the heart via the first electrode, wherein delivering electroporation comprises delivering irreversible electroporation or delivering reversible electroporation. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising receiving an electroporation signal caused by delivering electroporation and detecting a predictable effect of electroporation on the repolarization signal. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein delivering stimulation comprises delivering a first set of stimulation below a threshold. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein delivering stimulation further comprises increasing a parameter of the first set of stimulation. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein delivering stimulation further comprises detecting capture is obtained. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein delivering stimulation further comprises decreasing an intensity of the first set of stimulation and changing an interval between pulses of the first set of stimulation. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein delivering stimulation further comprises changing a heart rate of the patient via the stimulation, wherein changing the heart rate of the patient causes a change in the repolarization signal of the patient. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein creating the repolarization map comprises creating the repolarization with magnet-aided navigation and point procurement. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein creating the repolarization map comprises determining a reference point in the repolarization signal. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein creating the repolarization map comprises using the reference point to create the repolarization map, wherein the reference point is an end of repolarization. 19. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining variants of the repolarization map from a normal repolarization map. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein determining variants of the repolarization map comprises comparing the repolarization map with the normal repolarization map and detecting differences between the repolarization map and the normal repolarization map. | This document describes methods and materials for mapping and modulating repolarization. For example, this document relates to methods and devices for mapping and modulating repolarization to target atrial and ventricular arrhythmias to deliver electrical stimulation pacing, ablation and/or electroporation.1. A method of treating cardiac arrhythmias, the method comprising:
receiving a repolarization signal from a first electrode on a distal portion of a mapping catheter while the distal portion of the mapping catheter is inserted in a heart of a patient such that the first electrode is located at a first location; filtering the repolarization signal received from the first electrode; delivering stimulation to the heart via the first electrode; and creating a repolarization map of the heart. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein filtering the repolarization signal comprises reducing noise from the repolarization signal. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein filtering the repolarization signal comprises:
calculating a differential of the repolarization signal; and removing the derivative signal from the repolarization signal. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an external signal from a second electrode external to the heart at a second location; and calibrating the external signal with the repolarization signal from the first electrode. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first location and the second location receive signals from a similar area of the heart. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein calibrating the external signal further comprises moving the external electrode to a third location, and wherein creating the repolarization map of the heart comprises using the external signal to create the repolarization map. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein calibrating the external signal comprises taking a first order differential of the external signal. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein calibrating the external signal comprises measuring a downslope of the t-wave intersection with a baseline. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising delivering electroporation to the heart via the first electrode, wherein delivering electroporation comprises delivering irreversible electroporation or delivering reversible electroporation. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising receiving an electroporation signal caused by delivering electroporation and detecting a predictable effect of electroporation on the repolarization signal. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein delivering stimulation comprises delivering a first set of stimulation below a threshold. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein delivering stimulation further comprises increasing a parameter of the first set of stimulation. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein delivering stimulation further comprises detecting capture is obtained. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein delivering stimulation further comprises decreasing an intensity of the first set of stimulation and changing an interval between pulses of the first set of stimulation. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein delivering stimulation further comprises changing a heart rate of the patient via the stimulation, wherein changing the heart rate of the patient causes a change in the repolarization signal of the patient. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein creating the repolarization map comprises creating the repolarization with magnet-aided navigation and point procurement. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein creating the repolarization map comprises determining a reference point in the repolarization signal. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein creating the repolarization map comprises using the reference point to create the repolarization map, wherein the reference point is an end of repolarization. 19. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining variants of the repolarization map from a normal repolarization map. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein determining variants of the repolarization map comprises comparing the repolarization map with the normal repolarization map and detecting differences between the repolarization map and the normal repolarization map. | 3,700 |
346,703 | 16,805,146 | 3,791 | An excrement treatment material includes a plurality of granules, and a packaging bag. The granules are granules for treating excrement. The plurality of granules are accommodated in the packaging bag. A partition member is provided in the packaging bag. The partition member partitions the interior of the packaging bag into a first space and a second space, and has a hole that does not allow the granules to pass through. The plurality of granules are accommodated, among the first space and the second space, only in the first space. | 1. An excrement treatment material, comprising:
a plurality of granules for treating excrement; and a packaging bag where the plurality of granules are accommodated; wherein the packaging bag is provided with a partition member that partitions an interior of the packaging bag into a first space and a second space, and has a hole that does not allow the granules to pass through, and the plurality of granules are accommodated, among the first space and the second space, only in the first space. 2. The excrement treatment material according to claim 1,
wherein a volume of the second space is smaller than a volume of the first space. 3. The excrement treatment material according to claim 2,
wherein the volume of the second space is 20% or less of the volume of the first space. 4. The excrement treatment material according to claim 1,
wherein the packaging bag is provided with an opening mouth for opening the packaging bag, and the packaging bag is configured such that by opening the packaging bag from the opening mouth, among the first space and the second space, only the first space is opened. 5. The excrement treatment material according to claim 1,
wherein the partition member has a body portion that is a portion constituting a boundary between the first space and the second space, and a fixed portion that is a portion for fixing the partition member to an inner face of the packaging bag. 6. The excrement treatment material according to claim 5,
wherein the body portion has a flat shape. 7. The excrement treatment material according to claim 6,
wherein the body portion extends in a plane perpendicular to a vertical direction of the packaging bag. 8. The excrement treatment material according to claim 6,
wherein the partition member has a plurality of the holes, and the plurality of holes are scattered over substantially all of the body portion. 9. The excrement treatment material according to claim 5,
wherein the body portion has a bag-like shape having a bottom face and a side face. 10. The excrement treatment material according to claim 9,
wherein a diameter of the body portion decreases monotonously from a mouth of the body portion toward the bottom face. 11. The excrement treatment material according to claim 9,
wherein a mouth of the body portion extends in a plane perpendicular to a vertical direction of the packaging bag. 12. The excrement treatment material according to claim 9,
wherein the partition member has a plurality of the holes, and the plurality of holes are provided in both the bottom face and the side face. 13. The excrement treatment material according to claim 12,
wherein the plurality of holes are scattered over substantially all of the bottom face. 14. The excrement treatment material according to claim 12,
wherein the plurality of holes are scattered over substantially all of the side face. 15. The excrement treatment material according to claim 9,
wherein the partition member has a plurality of the holes, and the plurality of holes are provided in, among the bottom face and the side face, only the bottom face. 16. The excrement treatment material according to claim 5,
wherein the fixed portion is provided standing perpendicularly from a periphery of the body portion, and is adhered to the inner face of the packaging bag. 17. The excrement treatment material according to claim 16,
wherein an entirety of the fixed portion is adhered to the inner face of the packaging bag. 18. The excrement treatment material according to claim 1,
wherein the packaging bag has a first sheet constituting a front face of the packaging bag, a second sheet constituting a back face of the packaging bag, and a third sheet constituting the partition member. 19. The excrement treatment material according to claim 1,
wherein the granules each have a granular core portion, and a coating portion that covers the core portion. 20. The excrement treatment material according to claim 19,
wherein the core portion and the coating portion both have an organic substance as a main material. | An excrement treatment material includes a plurality of granules, and a packaging bag. The granules are granules for treating excrement. The plurality of granules are accommodated in the packaging bag. A partition member is provided in the packaging bag. The partition member partitions the interior of the packaging bag into a first space and a second space, and has a hole that does not allow the granules to pass through. The plurality of granules are accommodated, among the first space and the second space, only in the first space.1. An excrement treatment material, comprising:
a plurality of granules for treating excrement; and a packaging bag where the plurality of granules are accommodated; wherein the packaging bag is provided with a partition member that partitions an interior of the packaging bag into a first space and a second space, and has a hole that does not allow the granules to pass through, and the plurality of granules are accommodated, among the first space and the second space, only in the first space. 2. The excrement treatment material according to claim 1,
wherein a volume of the second space is smaller than a volume of the first space. 3. The excrement treatment material according to claim 2,
wherein the volume of the second space is 20% or less of the volume of the first space. 4. The excrement treatment material according to claim 1,
wherein the packaging bag is provided with an opening mouth for opening the packaging bag, and the packaging bag is configured such that by opening the packaging bag from the opening mouth, among the first space and the second space, only the first space is opened. 5. The excrement treatment material according to claim 1,
wherein the partition member has a body portion that is a portion constituting a boundary between the first space and the second space, and a fixed portion that is a portion for fixing the partition member to an inner face of the packaging bag. 6. The excrement treatment material according to claim 5,
wherein the body portion has a flat shape. 7. The excrement treatment material according to claim 6,
wherein the body portion extends in a plane perpendicular to a vertical direction of the packaging bag. 8. The excrement treatment material according to claim 6,
wherein the partition member has a plurality of the holes, and the plurality of holes are scattered over substantially all of the body portion. 9. The excrement treatment material according to claim 5,
wherein the body portion has a bag-like shape having a bottom face and a side face. 10. The excrement treatment material according to claim 9,
wherein a diameter of the body portion decreases monotonously from a mouth of the body portion toward the bottom face. 11. The excrement treatment material according to claim 9,
wherein a mouth of the body portion extends in a plane perpendicular to a vertical direction of the packaging bag. 12. The excrement treatment material according to claim 9,
wherein the partition member has a plurality of the holes, and the plurality of holes are provided in both the bottom face and the side face. 13. The excrement treatment material according to claim 12,
wherein the plurality of holes are scattered over substantially all of the bottom face. 14. The excrement treatment material according to claim 12,
wherein the plurality of holes are scattered over substantially all of the side face. 15. The excrement treatment material according to claim 9,
wherein the partition member has a plurality of the holes, and the plurality of holes are provided in, among the bottom face and the side face, only the bottom face. 16. The excrement treatment material according to claim 5,
wherein the fixed portion is provided standing perpendicularly from a periphery of the body portion, and is adhered to the inner face of the packaging bag. 17. The excrement treatment material according to claim 16,
wherein an entirety of the fixed portion is adhered to the inner face of the packaging bag. 18. The excrement treatment material according to claim 1,
wherein the packaging bag has a first sheet constituting a front face of the packaging bag, a second sheet constituting a back face of the packaging bag, and a third sheet constituting the partition member. 19. The excrement treatment material according to claim 1,
wherein the granules each have a granular core portion, and a coating portion that covers the core portion. 20. The excrement treatment material according to claim 19,
wherein the core portion and the coating portion both have an organic substance as a main material. | 3,700 |
346,704 | 16,805,168 | 3,791 | A high content imaging system and a method of operating the high content imaging system are disclosed. A microscope has a first objective lens and a second objective lens, and an objective lens database has first and second transformation values associated with the first and the second objective lenses, respectively. A microscope controller operates the microscope with the first objective lens to develop first values of acquisition parameters. A configuration module automatically determines second values of the acquisition parameters using the first values of the acquisition parameters, first transformation values associated with the first objective lens, and second transformation values associated with the second objective lens. The microscope controller operates the microscope using the second objective lens and the second values of the acquisition parameters. | 1. A high content imaging system, comprising:
a microscope having a first objective lens and a second objective lens; an objective lens database having first and second transformation values associated with the first and the second objective lenses, respectively; a microscope controller that operates the microscope with the first objective lens to develop first values of acquisition parameters; and a configuration module that, upon confirmation that the evaluation image taken with the first objective lens is acceptable, retrieves from the database the first and second transformation values and automatically determines the retrieved second values of the acquisition parameters for use with the second objective lens using the first values of the acquisition parameters, b) the first transformation values associated with the first objective lens, and c) the second transformation values associated with the second objective lens; wherein the microscope controller operates the microscope using the second objective lens and the second values of the acquisition parameters to produce a final image of the microscopy sample, the final image being taken with a higher resolution than the evaluation image or being imaged over a wider portion of the microscopy sample than the evaluation image. 2. The high content imaging system of claim 1, further including an image capture device. 3. The high content imaging system of claim 2, wherein the microscope controller directs the microscope to load the second objective lens in the light path between a sample and the image capture device. 4. the image capture device a first image of a sample captured using the first objective lens and a second image of the sample captured using the second objective lens. 5. The high content imaging system of claim 1, wherein a value of the second values of the acquisition parameters automatically determined by the configuration module is one of an exposure time, focal plane offset, laser autofocus exposure time, and pixel size to use with the second objective. 6. The high content imaging system of claim 5, wherein the value of the second values of the acquisition parameters is associated with a particular wavelength of light or a channel of the light spectrum. 7. The high content imaging system of claim 1, wherein the first transformation values include values associated with fluorescent microscopy. 8. The high content imaging system of claim 8, wherein the first transformation values include additional values associated with brightfield microscopy. 9. The high content imaging system of claim 1, wherein the configuration module permits user inspection of the evaluation image. 10. The high content imaging system of claim 9, wherein the configuration module permits user adjustment of the acquisition parameters used to obtain the evaluation image prior to obtaining the final image. 11. A method of operating a high content imaging system, wherein the high content imaging system includes a microscope, a first objective lens, a second objective lens, and an image capture device, comprising the steps of:
operating the microscope with the first objective lens to develop first values of acquisition parameters and to produce an evaluation image of a microscopy sample; upon confirmation that the evaluation image taken with the first objective lens is acceptable, retrieving from a database the first and second transformation values and automatically determining with the retrieved values second values of the acquisition parameters for use with the second objective lens using a) the first values of the acquisition parameters, b) the first transformation values associated with the first objective lens, and c) the second transformation values associated with the second objective lens; and operating the microscope using the second objective lens and the second values of the acquisition parameters to produce a final image of the microscopy sample, the final image being taken with a higher resolution than the evaluation image or being imaged over a wider portion of the microscopy sample than the evaluation image. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the method further includes operating an image capture device. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the method further includes directing the microscope to load the second objective lens in a light path between a sample and the image capture device. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the method further includes receiving a first image of a sample captured using the first objective lens and a second image of the sample captured using the second objective lens. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein a value of the second values of the acquisition parameters is one of an exposure time, focal plane offset, laser autofocus exposure time, and pixel size to use with the second objective. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the value of the second values of the acquisition parameter is associated with a particular wavelength of light or a channel of the light spectrum. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the first transformation values include values associated with fluorescent microscopy. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the first transformation values include additional values associated with brightfield microscopy. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising user inspection of the evaluation image. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising user adjustment of the acquisition parameters used to obtain the evaluation image prior to obtaining the final image. | A high content imaging system and a method of operating the high content imaging system are disclosed. A microscope has a first objective lens and a second objective lens, and an objective lens database has first and second transformation values associated with the first and the second objective lenses, respectively. A microscope controller operates the microscope with the first objective lens to develop first values of acquisition parameters. A configuration module automatically determines second values of the acquisition parameters using the first values of the acquisition parameters, first transformation values associated with the first objective lens, and second transformation values associated with the second objective lens. The microscope controller operates the microscope using the second objective lens and the second values of the acquisition parameters.1. A high content imaging system, comprising:
a microscope having a first objective lens and a second objective lens; an objective lens database having first and second transformation values associated with the first and the second objective lenses, respectively; a microscope controller that operates the microscope with the first objective lens to develop first values of acquisition parameters; and a configuration module that, upon confirmation that the evaluation image taken with the first objective lens is acceptable, retrieves from the database the first and second transformation values and automatically determines the retrieved second values of the acquisition parameters for use with the second objective lens using the first values of the acquisition parameters, b) the first transformation values associated with the first objective lens, and c) the second transformation values associated with the second objective lens; wherein the microscope controller operates the microscope using the second objective lens and the second values of the acquisition parameters to produce a final image of the microscopy sample, the final image being taken with a higher resolution than the evaluation image or being imaged over a wider portion of the microscopy sample than the evaluation image. 2. The high content imaging system of claim 1, further including an image capture device. 3. The high content imaging system of claim 2, wherein the microscope controller directs the microscope to load the second objective lens in the light path between a sample and the image capture device. 4. the image capture device a first image of a sample captured using the first objective lens and a second image of the sample captured using the second objective lens. 5. The high content imaging system of claim 1, wherein a value of the second values of the acquisition parameters automatically determined by the configuration module is one of an exposure time, focal plane offset, laser autofocus exposure time, and pixel size to use with the second objective. 6. The high content imaging system of claim 5, wherein the value of the second values of the acquisition parameters is associated with a particular wavelength of light or a channel of the light spectrum. 7. The high content imaging system of claim 1, wherein the first transformation values include values associated with fluorescent microscopy. 8. The high content imaging system of claim 8, wherein the first transformation values include additional values associated with brightfield microscopy. 9. The high content imaging system of claim 1, wherein the configuration module permits user inspection of the evaluation image. 10. The high content imaging system of claim 9, wherein the configuration module permits user adjustment of the acquisition parameters used to obtain the evaluation image prior to obtaining the final image. 11. A method of operating a high content imaging system, wherein the high content imaging system includes a microscope, a first objective lens, a second objective lens, and an image capture device, comprising the steps of:
operating the microscope with the first objective lens to develop first values of acquisition parameters and to produce an evaluation image of a microscopy sample; upon confirmation that the evaluation image taken with the first objective lens is acceptable, retrieving from a database the first and second transformation values and automatically determining with the retrieved values second values of the acquisition parameters for use with the second objective lens using a) the first values of the acquisition parameters, b) the first transformation values associated with the first objective lens, and c) the second transformation values associated with the second objective lens; and operating the microscope using the second objective lens and the second values of the acquisition parameters to produce a final image of the microscopy sample, the final image being taken with a higher resolution than the evaluation image or being imaged over a wider portion of the microscopy sample than the evaluation image. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the method further includes operating an image capture device. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the method further includes directing the microscope to load the second objective lens in a light path between a sample and the image capture device. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the method further includes receiving a first image of a sample captured using the first objective lens and a second image of the sample captured using the second objective lens. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein a value of the second values of the acquisition parameters is one of an exposure time, focal plane offset, laser autofocus exposure time, and pixel size to use with the second objective. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the value of the second values of the acquisition parameter is associated with a particular wavelength of light or a channel of the light spectrum. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the first transformation values include values associated with fluorescent microscopy. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the first transformation values include additional values associated with brightfield microscopy. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising user inspection of the evaluation image. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising user adjustment of the acquisition parameters used to obtain the evaluation image prior to obtaining the final image. | 3,700 |
346,705 | 16,805,187 | 3,791 | An apparatus and method for collecting a breath sample are provided. The apparatus has a breath input interface configured to receive exhaled breath, a first conduit system connected to the breath input interface, at least one breath sample storage device connected to the breath input interface via a breath intake conduit of the first conduit system extending between the breath input interface and the breath collection system, the at least one breath sample storage device being configured to capture at least some of the breath, and at least one metering device for measuring at least one characteristic, the at least one metering device being positioned along an exhaust conduit of the first conduit system that branches from the breath intake conduit. | 1. An apparatus for collecting a breath sample, comprising:
a breath input interface configured to receive exhaled breath; a first conduit system connected to the breath input interface; at least one breath sample storage device connected to the breath input interface via a breath intake conduit of the first conduit system extending between the breath input interface and the breath collection system, the at least one breath sample storage device being configured to capture at least some of the breath; and at least one metering device for measuring at least one characteristic, the at least one metering device being positioned along an exhaust conduit of the first conduit system that branches from the breath intake conduit. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one metering device includes a flow meter that measures a flow rate of the exhaled breath along the exhaust conduit of the first conduit system. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one metering device includes a capnometer positioned along the exhaust conduit of the first conduit system to measure a carbon dioxide level in the exhaled breath. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one metering device includes a hygrometer positioned along the exhaust conduit of the first conduit system to measure a humidity level in the exhaled conduit. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a pump positioned along the exhaust conduit of the first conduit system to flow air through the exhaust conduit. 6. A method for collecting a breath sample, comprising:
receiving exhaled breath via a breath input interface; a first conduit system connected to the breath input interface; capturing breath via a breath collection system that is connected to the breath input interface via a breath intake conduit of a first conduit system extending between the breath input interface and the breath collection system; and measuring at least one characteristic along an exhaust conduit of the first conduit system that branches from the breath intake conduit via at least one metering device positioned along the exhaust conduit. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one metering device includes a flow meter, and wherein the at least one characteristic includes a flow rate of the exhaled breath along the exhaust conduit. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one metering device includes a capnometer, and wherein the at least one characteristic includes a carbon dioxide level of the exhaled breath. 9. The method of claim 6, further comprising determining a humidity level along the exhaust conduit via a hygrometer positioned along the exhaust conduit of the first conduit system. 10. The method of claim 6, further comprising flowing air through the exhaust conduit via a pump positioned along the exhaust conduit. | An apparatus and method for collecting a breath sample are provided. The apparatus has a breath input interface configured to receive exhaled breath, a first conduit system connected to the breath input interface, at least one breath sample storage device connected to the breath input interface via a breath intake conduit of the first conduit system extending between the breath input interface and the breath collection system, the at least one breath sample storage device being configured to capture at least some of the breath, and at least one metering device for measuring at least one characteristic, the at least one metering device being positioned along an exhaust conduit of the first conduit system that branches from the breath intake conduit.1. An apparatus for collecting a breath sample, comprising:
a breath input interface configured to receive exhaled breath; a first conduit system connected to the breath input interface; at least one breath sample storage device connected to the breath input interface via a breath intake conduit of the first conduit system extending between the breath input interface and the breath collection system, the at least one breath sample storage device being configured to capture at least some of the breath; and at least one metering device for measuring at least one characteristic, the at least one metering device being positioned along an exhaust conduit of the first conduit system that branches from the breath intake conduit. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one metering device includes a flow meter that measures a flow rate of the exhaled breath along the exhaust conduit of the first conduit system. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one metering device includes a capnometer positioned along the exhaust conduit of the first conduit system to measure a carbon dioxide level in the exhaled breath. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one metering device includes a hygrometer positioned along the exhaust conduit of the first conduit system to measure a humidity level in the exhaled conduit. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a pump positioned along the exhaust conduit of the first conduit system to flow air through the exhaust conduit. 6. A method for collecting a breath sample, comprising:
receiving exhaled breath via a breath input interface; a first conduit system connected to the breath input interface; capturing breath via a breath collection system that is connected to the breath input interface via a breath intake conduit of a first conduit system extending between the breath input interface and the breath collection system; and measuring at least one characteristic along an exhaust conduit of the first conduit system that branches from the breath intake conduit via at least one metering device positioned along the exhaust conduit. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one metering device includes a flow meter, and wherein the at least one characteristic includes a flow rate of the exhaled breath along the exhaust conduit. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one metering device includes a capnometer, and wherein the at least one characteristic includes a carbon dioxide level of the exhaled breath. 9. The method of claim 6, further comprising determining a humidity level along the exhaust conduit via a hygrometer positioned along the exhaust conduit of the first conduit system. 10. The method of claim 6, further comprising flowing air through the exhaust conduit via a pump positioned along the exhaust conduit. | 3,700 |
346,706 | 16,805,164 | 3,791 | A data transmission method, a device, and a data transmission system are provided to implement local interaction between two terminals when the two terminals are served by different UPF entities. The method performed by a first user plane function entity includes receiving a data packet from a first terminal through an uplink path corresponding to the first terminal, where the data packet carries addressing information of a second terminal; determining path information of a second user plane function entity based on information about the uplink path corresponding to the first terminal and the addressing information of the second terminal; sending the data packet to the second user plane function entity based on the path information of the second user plane function entity; and sending the data packet to the second terminal through a downlink path corresponding to the second terminal. | 1. A data transmission method comprising:
receiving, by a first user plane function entity, a data packet from a first terminal through an uplink path corresponding to the first terminal, wherein the data packet carries first addressing information of a second terminal, and wherein the first user plane function entity currently serves the first terminal; determining, by the first user plane function entity, first path information of a second user plane function entity based on information about the uplink path corresponding to the first terminal and the first addressing information, wherein the second user plane function entity currently serves the second terminal; sending, by the first user plane function entity, the data packet to the second user plane function entity based on the first path information; receiving, by the second user plane function entity, the data packet from the first user plane function entity; and sending, by the second user plane function entity, the data packet to the second terminal through a downlink path corresponding to the second terminal. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the first path information comprises:
determining, by the first user plane function entity based on the information about the uplink path corresponding to the first terminal, an identity of a mobile local area network (MLAN) of the first terminal; and determining, by the first user plane function entity, the first path information based on the identity of the MLAN and the first addressing information. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the identity of the MLAN comprises determining, by the first user plane function entity based on the information about the uplink path corresponding to the first terminal and a first correspondence, the identity of the MLAN, wherein the first correspondence is between the information about the uplink path corresponding to the first terminal and the identity of the MLAN. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the first path information comprises determining, by the first user plane function entity, the first path information based on the identity of the MLAN, the first addressing information, and a second correspondence, wherein the second correspondence is between the first addressing information, the first path information, and the identity of the MLAN. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining, by the second user plane function entity based on the first path information and the first addressing information, the downlink path. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein determining the downlink path comprises:
determining, by the second user plane function entity based on the first path information, an identity of a mobile local area network (MLAN) of the second terminal; and determining, by the second user plane function entity based on the identity of the MLAN and the first addressing information, the downlink path. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the information about the uplink path corresponding to the first terminal comprises a first tunnel identifier of the first user plane function entity allocated for the first terminal, and wherein the first path information comprises a second tunnel identifier of the second user plane function entity. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising establishing, by a session management function entity, a tunnel between the first user plane function entity and the second user plane function entity, wherein the tunnel is at an MLAN granularity. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein establishing the tunnel comprises establishing, by the session management function entity, the tunnel in a process of establishing a session of the first terminal. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein establishing the tunnel comprises:
sending, by the session management function entity, a first N4 session message to the first user plane function entity, wherein the first N4 session message comprises an identity of an MLAN of the second terminal, the first addressing information, and the first path information; and saving, by the first user plane function entity, a correspondence between the first addressing information, the first path information, and the identity of the MLAN. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein establishing the tunnel comprises:
sending, by the session management function entity, a second N4 session message to the second user plane function entity, wherein the second N4 session message comprises an identifier of an MLAN of the first terminal, second addressing information of the first terminal, and second path information of the first user plane function entity; and saving, by the first user plane function entity, a correspondence between the second addressing information, the second path information of the first user plane function entity, and the identifier of the MLAN of the first terminal. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising determining, by the session management function entity, that the MLAN comprises a cross user plane function entity. 13. A data transmission system comprising:
a first user plane function entity configured to:
receive a data packet from a first terminal through an uplink path corresponding to the first terminal, wherein the data packet carries addressing information of a second terminal, and wherein the first user plane function entity currently serves the first terminal;
determine path information of a second user plane function entity based on information about the uplink path corresponding to the first terminal and the addressing information, wherein the second user plane function entity currently serves the second terminal; and
send the data packet to the second user plane function entity based on the path information; and
the second user plane function entity configured to:
receive the data packet from the first user plane function entity; and
send the data packet to the second terminal through a downlink path corresponding to the second terminal. 14. The data transmission system of claim 13, wherein the first user plane function entity is further configured to:
determine, based on the information about the uplink path corresponding to the first terminal, an identity of a mobile local area network (MLAN) of the first terminal; and determine, the path information based on the identity of the MLAN and the addressing information. 15. The data transmission system of claim 14, wherein the first user plane function entity is further configured to determine, based on the information about the uplink path corresponding to the first terminal and a first correspondence, the identity of the MLAN, and wherein the first correspondence comprises a correspondence between the information about the uplink path corresponding to the first terminal and the identity of the MLAN. 16. The data transmission system of claim 14, wherein the first user plane function entity is further configured to determine the path information based on the identity of the MLAN, the addressing information, and a second correspondence, and wherein the second correspondence comprises a correspondence between the addressing information, the path information, and the identity of the MLAN. 17. The data transmission system of claim 13, wherein the second user plane function entity is further configured to determine, based on the path information and the addressing information, the downlink path. 18. The data transmission system of claim 17, wherein the second user plane function entity is further configured to
determine, based on the path information, an identity of a mobile local area network (MLAN) of the second terminal; and determine, based on the identity of the MLAN and the addressing information, the downlink path. 19. The data transmission system of claim 13, wherein the system further comprises a session management function entity configured to establish a tunnel between the first user plane function entity and the second user plane function entity, wherein the tunnel is at an MLAN granularity. 20. The data transmission system of claim 19, wherein the session management function entity is further configured to send an N4 session message to the first user plane function entity, wherein the N4 session message comprises an identity of an MLAN of the second terminal, the addressing information, and the path information, and wherein the first user plane function entity is further configured to save a correspondence between the addressing information, the path information, and the identity of the MLAN of the second terminal. 21. The data transmission system of claim 19, wherein the session management function entity is further configured to determine that the MLAN comprises a cross user plane function entity scenario. | A data transmission method, a device, and a data transmission system are provided to implement local interaction between two terminals when the two terminals are served by different UPF entities. The method performed by a first user plane function entity includes receiving a data packet from a first terminal through an uplink path corresponding to the first terminal, where the data packet carries addressing information of a second terminal; determining path information of a second user plane function entity based on information about the uplink path corresponding to the first terminal and the addressing information of the second terminal; sending the data packet to the second user plane function entity based on the path information of the second user plane function entity; and sending the data packet to the second terminal through a downlink path corresponding to the second terminal.1. A data transmission method comprising:
receiving, by a first user plane function entity, a data packet from a first terminal through an uplink path corresponding to the first terminal, wherein the data packet carries first addressing information of a second terminal, and wherein the first user plane function entity currently serves the first terminal; determining, by the first user plane function entity, first path information of a second user plane function entity based on information about the uplink path corresponding to the first terminal and the first addressing information, wherein the second user plane function entity currently serves the second terminal; sending, by the first user plane function entity, the data packet to the second user plane function entity based on the first path information; receiving, by the second user plane function entity, the data packet from the first user plane function entity; and sending, by the second user plane function entity, the data packet to the second terminal through a downlink path corresponding to the second terminal. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the first path information comprises:
determining, by the first user plane function entity based on the information about the uplink path corresponding to the first terminal, an identity of a mobile local area network (MLAN) of the first terminal; and determining, by the first user plane function entity, the first path information based on the identity of the MLAN and the first addressing information. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the identity of the MLAN comprises determining, by the first user plane function entity based on the information about the uplink path corresponding to the first terminal and a first correspondence, the identity of the MLAN, wherein the first correspondence is between the information about the uplink path corresponding to the first terminal and the identity of the MLAN. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the first path information comprises determining, by the first user plane function entity, the first path information based on the identity of the MLAN, the first addressing information, and a second correspondence, wherein the second correspondence is between the first addressing information, the first path information, and the identity of the MLAN. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining, by the second user plane function entity based on the first path information and the first addressing information, the downlink path. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein determining the downlink path comprises:
determining, by the second user plane function entity based on the first path information, an identity of a mobile local area network (MLAN) of the second terminal; and determining, by the second user plane function entity based on the identity of the MLAN and the first addressing information, the downlink path. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the information about the uplink path corresponding to the first terminal comprises a first tunnel identifier of the first user plane function entity allocated for the first terminal, and wherein the first path information comprises a second tunnel identifier of the second user plane function entity. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising establishing, by a session management function entity, a tunnel between the first user plane function entity and the second user plane function entity, wherein the tunnel is at an MLAN granularity. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein establishing the tunnel comprises establishing, by the session management function entity, the tunnel in a process of establishing a session of the first terminal. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein establishing the tunnel comprises:
sending, by the session management function entity, a first N4 session message to the first user plane function entity, wherein the first N4 session message comprises an identity of an MLAN of the second terminal, the first addressing information, and the first path information; and saving, by the first user plane function entity, a correspondence between the first addressing information, the first path information, and the identity of the MLAN. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein establishing the tunnel comprises:
sending, by the session management function entity, a second N4 session message to the second user plane function entity, wherein the second N4 session message comprises an identifier of an MLAN of the first terminal, second addressing information of the first terminal, and second path information of the first user plane function entity; and saving, by the first user plane function entity, a correspondence between the second addressing information, the second path information of the first user plane function entity, and the identifier of the MLAN of the first terminal. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising determining, by the session management function entity, that the MLAN comprises a cross user plane function entity. 13. A data transmission system comprising:
a first user plane function entity configured to:
receive a data packet from a first terminal through an uplink path corresponding to the first terminal, wherein the data packet carries addressing information of a second terminal, and wherein the first user plane function entity currently serves the first terminal;
determine path information of a second user plane function entity based on information about the uplink path corresponding to the first terminal and the addressing information, wherein the second user plane function entity currently serves the second terminal; and
send the data packet to the second user plane function entity based on the path information; and
the second user plane function entity configured to:
receive the data packet from the first user plane function entity; and
send the data packet to the second terminal through a downlink path corresponding to the second terminal. 14. The data transmission system of claim 13, wherein the first user plane function entity is further configured to:
determine, based on the information about the uplink path corresponding to the first terminal, an identity of a mobile local area network (MLAN) of the first terminal; and determine, the path information based on the identity of the MLAN and the addressing information. 15. The data transmission system of claim 14, wherein the first user plane function entity is further configured to determine, based on the information about the uplink path corresponding to the first terminal and a first correspondence, the identity of the MLAN, and wherein the first correspondence comprises a correspondence between the information about the uplink path corresponding to the first terminal and the identity of the MLAN. 16. The data transmission system of claim 14, wherein the first user plane function entity is further configured to determine the path information based on the identity of the MLAN, the addressing information, and a second correspondence, and wherein the second correspondence comprises a correspondence between the addressing information, the path information, and the identity of the MLAN. 17. The data transmission system of claim 13, wherein the second user plane function entity is further configured to determine, based on the path information and the addressing information, the downlink path. 18. The data transmission system of claim 17, wherein the second user plane function entity is further configured to
determine, based on the path information, an identity of a mobile local area network (MLAN) of the second terminal; and determine, based on the identity of the MLAN and the addressing information, the downlink path. 19. The data transmission system of claim 13, wherein the system further comprises a session management function entity configured to establish a tunnel between the first user plane function entity and the second user plane function entity, wherein the tunnel is at an MLAN granularity. 20. The data transmission system of claim 19, wherein the session management function entity is further configured to send an N4 session message to the first user plane function entity, wherein the N4 session message comprises an identity of an MLAN of the second terminal, the addressing information, and the path information, and wherein the first user plane function entity is further configured to save a correspondence between the addressing information, the path information, and the identity of the MLAN of the second terminal. 21. The data transmission system of claim 19, wherein the session management function entity is further configured to determine that the MLAN comprises a cross user plane function entity scenario. | 3,700 |
346,707 | 16,805,188 | 3,783 | Fluid delivery devices and methods are described where the device may comprise a piezoelectric actuator having a piezoelectric chip that is operatively coupled to a drug package under a preloading force. The actuator is configured to generate an acoustic pressure within the drug package to dispense droplets or a continuous stream of an agent from an aperture, e.g., to the corneal surface of the eye. The piezoelectric actuator can be coupled or decoupled from the drug package via a coupling mechanism which enables the quick release and consistent securement of the drug package to the actuator and housing. | 1. A handheld device for emitting a fluid onto the surface of an eye, the device comprising:
an actuator configured to vibrate at a selected frequency; a sealed ampoule containing the fluid to be dispensed and an aperture; and an attachment mechanism configured to removably couple the sealed ampoule into vibrational conduction with the actuator so that the actuator touches an external surface of the sealed ampoule; wherein the sealed ampoule is aligned in a predetermined orientation relative to the actuator such that the fluid is emitted through the aperture when the actuator provides an acoustic excitation to the external surface of the sealed ampoule; and wherein fluid emitted through the aperture can be directed onto the surface of the eye. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the fluid reservoir comprises an ophthalmic composition. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the fluid reservoir has a volume of about 3000 μL. 4. The device of claim 1, further comprising a shut-off valve which is configured to seal the aperture. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the fluid is emitted from the device as a collimated stream. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein a fluid volume between 4 μL and 10 μL is delivered to the surface of the eye in 250 ms or less. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the sealed ampoule is made of a thermoplastic polymer. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the sealed ampoule comprises a single aperture. | Fluid delivery devices and methods are described where the device may comprise a piezoelectric actuator having a piezoelectric chip that is operatively coupled to a drug package under a preloading force. The actuator is configured to generate an acoustic pressure within the drug package to dispense droplets or a continuous stream of an agent from an aperture, e.g., to the corneal surface of the eye. The piezoelectric actuator can be coupled or decoupled from the drug package via a coupling mechanism which enables the quick release and consistent securement of the drug package to the actuator and housing.1. A handheld device for emitting a fluid onto the surface of an eye, the device comprising:
an actuator configured to vibrate at a selected frequency; a sealed ampoule containing the fluid to be dispensed and an aperture; and an attachment mechanism configured to removably couple the sealed ampoule into vibrational conduction with the actuator so that the actuator touches an external surface of the sealed ampoule; wherein the sealed ampoule is aligned in a predetermined orientation relative to the actuator such that the fluid is emitted through the aperture when the actuator provides an acoustic excitation to the external surface of the sealed ampoule; and wherein fluid emitted through the aperture can be directed onto the surface of the eye. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the fluid reservoir comprises an ophthalmic composition. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the fluid reservoir has a volume of about 3000 μL. 4. The device of claim 1, further comprising a shut-off valve which is configured to seal the aperture. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the fluid is emitted from the device as a collimated stream. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein a fluid volume between 4 μL and 10 μL is delivered to the surface of the eye in 250 ms or less. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the sealed ampoule is made of a thermoplastic polymer. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the sealed ampoule comprises a single aperture. | 3,700 |
346,708 | 16,805,175 | 3,783 | A switch-mode power supply includes a pair of input terminals for receiving an alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) voltage input from an input power source, a pair of output terminals for supplying a direct current (DC) voltage output to a load, and at least four switches coupled in a three-level LLC circuit arrangement between the pair of input terminals and the pair of output terminals. The power supply also includes a voltage doubler power factor correction (PFC) circuit coupled between the pair of input terminals and the three-level LLC circuit, and a control circuit coupled to operate the at least four switches to supply the DC voltage output to the load. | 1. A switch-mode power supply, comprising:
a pair of input terminals for receiving an alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) voltage input from an input power source; a pair of output terminals for supplying a direct current (DC) voltage output to a load; at least four switches coupled in a three-level LLC circuit arrangement between the pair of input terminals and the pair of output terminals; and a voltage doubler power factor correction (PFC) circuit coupled between the pair of input terminals and the three-level LLC circuit; and a control circuit coupled to operate the at least four switches to supply the DC voltage output to the load; and wherein:
the voltage doubler PFC circuit is configured to supply a first PFC voltage output to the three-level LLC circuit arrangement when the voltage input is within a specified low line voltage range;
the voltage doubler PFC circuit is configured to supply a second PFC voltage output to the three-level LLC circuit arrangement when the voltage input is within a specified high line voltage range;
the second PFC voltage output is greater than the first PFC voltage output;
the specified low line voltage range is different than the specified high line voltage range;
the control circuit is configured to operate the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit arrangement in a first mode of operation when the voltage input is within the specified low line voltage range; and
the control circuit is configured to operate the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit arrangement in a second mode of operation when the voltage input is within the specified high line voltage range. 2. (canceled) 3. The power supply of claim 1, wherein:
the voltage doubler PFC circuit includes at least two PFC circuit switches, the control circuit includes a first voltage reference and a second voltage reference, the first voltage reference is different than the second voltage reference, and the control circuit is configured to:
receive a sensed input voltage and determine whether the sensed input voltage is within the specified low line voltage range or the specified high line voltage range;
operate the at least two PFC circuit switches according to the first voltage reference when the voltage input is within the specified low line voltage range; and
operate the at least two PFC circuit switches according to the second voltage reference when the voltage input is within the specified high line voltage range. 4. The power supply of claim 3, wherein:
the voltage doubler PFC circuit includes an inductor, two diodes and two capacitors; the at least two switches are coupled between the inductor and one of the pair of input terminals; each diode is coupled between the inductor and the three-level LLC circuit arrangement; each capacitor is coupled with a corresponding one of the didoes; and the control circuit is configured to control the at least two switches via a pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal. 5. (canceled) 6. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the first mode of operation is symmetrical half-bridge (SHB) operation and the second mode of operation is asymmetrical half-bridge (AHB) operation. 7. The power supply of claim 6, wherein:
first and second ones of the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit arrangement define a first half-bridge and third and fourth ones of the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit arrangement define a second half-bridge; the power supply further comprises a fifth switch coupled across the second switch and the third switch to short circuit the second switch and the third switch when the fifth switch is closed; and the control circuit includes a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), and multiple logic gates and flip-flops coupled to operate the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit arrangement according to a frequency output by the VCO. 8. The power supply of claim 7, wherein the control circuit is configured to, when operating in the SHB mode of operation, supply a first control signal to the first and second switches, supply a second control signal to the third and fourth switches, and turn off the fifth switch. 9. The power supply of claim 7, wherein the control circuit is configured to, when operating in the SHB mode of operation, supply a first control signal to the first and second switches, and supply a second control signal to the fifth switch while the third and fourth switches are turned off. 10. The power supply of claim 7, wherein the control circuit is configured to, when operating in the AHB mode of operation, supply control signals to turn on the first and third switches at the same time, turn on the second and fourth switches in an opposite phase to the first and third switches, and turn on the fifth switch while the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit arrangement are turned off. 11. The power supply of claim 7, wherein the control circuit is configured to operate the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit arrangement to maintain a voltage between an output of the first half-bridge and an output of the second half-bridge to be the same when operating in the SHB mode of operation as when operating in the AHB mode of operation. 12. The power supply of claim 11, wherein the maintained voltage between the outputs of the first and second half-bridges is the same as the first PFC voltage output. 13. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the first PFC voltage output is greater than the specified low line voltage range and the second PFC voltage output is greater than the specified high line voltage range. 14. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the second PFC voltage output is double the first PFC voltage output. 15. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the second PFC voltage output is at least 800 Volts and the first PFC voltage output is at least 400 Volts. 16. A method of operating a switch-mode power supply including a pair of input terminals, a pair of output terminals, at least four switches coupled in a three-level LLC circuit arrangement between the pair of input terminals and the pair of output terminals, and at least two PFC circuit switches coupled in a voltage doubler power factor correction (PFC) circuit coupled between the pair of input terminals and the three-level LLC circuit, the method comprising:
operating the at least two PFC circuit switches of the voltage doubler PFC circuit to increase a voltage input received at the pair of input terminals and supply the increased voltage to the three-level LLC circuit; and operating the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit to supply a DC voltage output to the pair of output terminals; wherein operating the at least two PFC switches includes:
supplying a first PFC voltage output to the three-level LLC circuit arrangement when the voltage input is within a specified low line voltage range; and
supplying a second PFC voltage output to the three-level LLC circuit arrangement when the voltage input is within a specified high line voltage range; and
wherein:
the power supply includes a first reference and a second reference;
the method further comprises sensing the voltage input and determining whether the sensed voltage input is within the specified low line voltage range or the specified high line voltage range; and
operating the at least two PFC circuit switches includes operating the at least two PFC circuit switches according to a first voltage reference when the voltage input is within the specified low line voltage range and operating the at least two PFC circuit switches according to a second voltage reference when the voltage input is within the specified high line voltage range. 17. (canceled) 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the second PFC voltage output is greater than the first PFC voltage output, and the specified low line voltage range is different than the specified high line voltage range. 19. (canceled) 20. The method of claim 16, wherein operating the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit includes:
operating the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit arrangement in a first mode of operation when the voltage input is within the specified low line voltage range; and operating the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit arrangement in a second mode of operation when the voltage input is within the specified high line voltage range. 21-23. (canceled) 24. A method of operating a switch-mode power supply including a pair of input terminals, a pair of output terminals, at least four switches coupled in a three-level LLC circuit arrangement between the pair of input terminals and the pair of output terminals, and at least two PFC circuit switches coupled in a voltage doubler power factor correction (PFC) circuit coupled between the pair of input terminals and the three-level LLC circuit, the method comprising:
operating the at least two PFC circuit switches of the voltage doubler PFC circuit to increase a voltage input received at the pair of input terminals and supply the increased voltage to the three-level LLC circuit; and operating the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit to supply a DC voltage output to the pair of output terminals; wherein operating the at least two PFC switches includes:
supplying a first PFC voltage output to the three-level LLC circuit arrangement when the voltage input is within a specified low line voltage range; and
supplying a second PFC voltage output to the three-level LLC circuit arrangement when the voltage input is within a specified high line voltage range; and
wherein operating the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit includes:
operating the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit arrangement in a first mode of operation when the voltage input is within the specified low line voltage range; and
operating the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit arrangement in a second mode of operation when the voltage input is within the specified high line voltage range. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein:
the first mode of operation is symmetrical half-bridge (SHB) operation; the second mode of operation is asymmetrical half-bridge (AHB) operation; first and second ones of the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit arrangement define a first half-bridge and third and fourth ones of the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit arrangement define a second half-bridge; the power supply further comprises a fifth switch coupled across the second switch and the third switch to short circuit the second switch and the third switch when the fifth switch is closed; operating the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit includes:
when operating in the SHB mode of operation:
supplying a first control signal to the first and second switches;
supplying a second control signal to the third and fourth switches; and
turning off the fifth switch; and
when the operating in the AHB mode of operation, supplying control signals to:
turn on the first and third switches at the same time;
turn on the second and fourth switches in an opposite phase to the first and third switches; and
turn on the fifth switch while the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit arrangement are turned off. 26. A switch-mode power supply, comprising:
a pair of input terminals for receiving an alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) voltage input from an input power source; a pair of output terminals for supplying a direct current (DC) voltage output to a load; at least four switches coupled in a three-level LLC circuit arrangement between the pair of input terminals and the pair of output terminals; and a voltage doubler power factor correction (PFC) circuit coupled between the pair of input terminals and the three-level LLC circuit; and a control circuit coupled to operate the at least four switches to supply the DC voltage output to the load; and wherein:
the voltage doubler PFC circuit is configured to supply a first PFC voltage output to the three-level LLC circuit arrangement when the voltage input is within a specified low line voltage range;
the voltage doubler PFC circuit is configured to supply a second PFC voltage output to the three-level LLC circuit arrangement when the voltage input is within a specified high line voltage range;
the second PFC voltage output is greater than the first PFC voltage output;
the specified low line voltage range is different than the specified high line voltage range;
the voltage doubler PFC circuit includes at least two PFC circuit switches, the control circuit includes a first voltage reference and a second voltage reference, the first voltage reference is different than the second voltage reference, and the control circuit is configured to:
receive a sensed input voltage and determine whether the sensed input voltage is within the specified low line voltage range or the specified high line voltage range;
operate the at least two PFC circuit switches according to the first voltage reference when the voltage input is within the specified low line voltage range; and
operate the at least two PFC circuit switches according to the second voltage reference when the voltage input is within the specified high line voltage range. 27. The power supply of claim 26, wherein:
the voltage doubler PFC circuit includes an inductor, two diodes, and two capacitors; the at least two switches are coupled between the inductor and one of the pair of input terminals; each diode is coupled between the inductor and the three-level LLC circuit arrangement; each capacitor is coupled with a corresponding one of the didoes; and the control circuit is configured to control the at least two switches via a pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal. | A switch-mode power supply includes a pair of input terminals for receiving an alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) voltage input from an input power source, a pair of output terminals for supplying a direct current (DC) voltage output to a load, and at least four switches coupled in a three-level LLC circuit arrangement between the pair of input terminals and the pair of output terminals. The power supply also includes a voltage doubler power factor correction (PFC) circuit coupled between the pair of input terminals and the three-level LLC circuit, and a control circuit coupled to operate the at least four switches to supply the DC voltage output to the load.1. A switch-mode power supply, comprising:
a pair of input terminals for receiving an alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) voltage input from an input power source; a pair of output terminals for supplying a direct current (DC) voltage output to a load; at least four switches coupled in a three-level LLC circuit arrangement between the pair of input terminals and the pair of output terminals; and a voltage doubler power factor correction (PFC) circuit coupled between the pair of input terminals and the three-level LLC circuit; and a control circuit coupled to operate the at least four switches to supply the DC voltage output to the load; and wherein:
the voltage doubler PFC circuit is configured to supply a first PFC voltage output to the three-level LLC circuit arrangement when the voltage input is within a specified low line voltage range;
the voltage doubler PFC circuit is configured to supply a second PFC voltage output to the three-level LLC circuit arrangement when the voltage input is within a specified high line voltage range;
the second PFC voltage output is greater than the first PFC voltage output;
the specified low line voltage range is different than the specified high line voltage range;
the control circuit is configured to operate the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit arrangement in a first mode of operation when the voltage input is within the specified low line voltage range; and
the control circuit is configured to operate the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit arrangement in a second mode of operation when the voltage input is within the specified high line voltage range. 2. (canceled) 3. The power supply of claim 1, wherein:
the voltage doubler PFC circuit includes at least two PFC circuit switches, the control circuit includes a first voltage reference and a second voltage reference, the first voltage reference is different than the second voltage reference, and the control circuit is configured to:
receive a sensed input voltage and determine whether the sensed input voltage is within the specified low line voltage range or the specified high line voltage range;
operate the at least two PFC circuit switches according to the first voltage reference when the voltage input is within the specified low line voltage range; and
operate the at least two PFC circuit switches according to the second voltage reference when the voltage input is within the specified high line voltage range. 4. The power supply of claim 3, wherein:
the voltage doubler PFC circuit includes an inductor, two diodes and two capacitors; the at least two switches are coupled between the inductor and one of the pair of input terminals; each diode is coupled between the inductor and the three-level LLC circuit arrangement; each capacitor is coupled with a corresponding one of the didoes; and the control circuit is configured to control the at least two switches via a pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal. 5. (canceled) 6. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the first mode of operation is symmetrical half-bridge (SHB) operation and the second mode of operation is asymmetrical half-bridge (AHB) operation. 7. The power supply of claim 6, wherein:
first and second ones of the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit arrangement define a first half-bridge and third and fourth ones of the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit arrangement define a second half-bridge; the power supply further comprises a fifth switch coupled across the second switch and the third switch to short circuit the second switch and the third switch when the fifth switch is closed; and the control circuit includes a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), and multiple logic gates and flip-flops coupled to operate the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit arrangement according to a frequency output by the VCO. 8. The power supply of claim 7, wherein the control circuit is configured to, when operating in the SHB mode of operation, supply a first control signal to the first and second switches, supply a second control signal to the third and fourth switches, and turn off the fifth switch. 9. The power supply of claim 7, wherein the control circuit is configured to, when operating in the SHB mode of operation, supply a first control signal to the first and second switches, and supply a second control signal to the fifth switch while the third and fourth switches are turned off. 10. The power supply of claim 7, wherein the control circuit is configured to, when operating in the AHB mode of operation, supply control signals to turn on the first and third switches at the same time, turn on the second and fourth switches in an opposite phase to the first and third switches, and turn on the fifth switch while the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit arrangement are turned off. 11. The power supply of claim 7, wherein the control circuit is configured to operate the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit arrangement to maintain a voltage between an output of the first half-bridge and an output of the second half-bridge to be the same when operating in the SHB mode of operation as when operating in the AHB mode of operation. 12. The power supply of claim 11, wherein the maintained voltage between the outputs of the first and second half-bridges is the same as the first PFC voltage output. 13. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the first PFC voltage output is greater than the specified low line voltage range and the second PFC voltage output is greater than the specified high line voltage range. 14. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the second PFC voltage output is double the first PFC voltage output. 15. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the second PFC voltage output is at least 800 Volts and the first PFC voltage output is at least 400 Volts. 16. A method of operating a switch-mode power supply including a pair of input terminals, a pair of output terminals, at least four switches coupled in a three-level LLC circuit arrangement between the pair of input terminals and the pair of output terminals, and at least two PFC circuit switches coupled in a voltage doubler power factor correction (PFC) circuit coupled between the pair of input terminals and the three-level LLC circuit, the method comprising:
operating the at least two PFC circuit switches of the voltage doubler PFC circuit to increase a voltage input received at the pair of input terminals and supply the increased voltage to the three-level LLC circuit; and operating the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit to supply a DC voltage output to the pair of output terminals; wherein operating the at least two PFC switches includes:
supplying a first PFC voltage output to the three-level LLC circuit arrangement when the voltage input is within a specified low line voltage range; and
supplying a second PFC voltage output to the three-level LLC circuit arrangement when the voltage input is within a specified high line voltage range; and
wherein:
the power supply includes a first reference and a second reference;
the method further comprises sensing the voltage input and determining whether the sensed voltage input is within the specified low line voltage range or the specified high line voltage range; and
operating the at least two PFC circuit switches includes operating the at least two PFC circuit switches according to a first voltage reference when the voltage input is within the specified low line voltage range and operating the at least two PFC circuit switches according to a second voltage reference when the voltage input is within the specified high line voltage range. 17. (canceled) 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the second PFC voltage output is greater than the first PFC voltage output, and the specified low line voltage range is different than the specified high line voltage range. 19. (canceled) 20. The method of claim 16, wherein operating the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit includes:
operating the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit arrangement in a first mode of operation when the voltage input is within the specified low line voltage range; and operating the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit arrangement in a second mode of operation when the voltage input is within the specified high line voltage range. 21-23. (canceled) 24. A method of operating a switch-mode power supply including a pair of input terminals, a pair of output terminals, at least four switches coupled in a three-level LLC circuit arrangement between the pair of input terminals and the pair of output terminals, and at least two PFC circuit switches coupled in a voltage doubler power factor correction (PFC) circuit coupled between the pair of input terminals and the three-level LLC circuit, the method comprising:
operating the at least two PFC circuit switches of the voltage doubler PFC circuit to increase a voltage input received at the pair of input terminals and supply the increased voltage to the three-level LLC circuit; and operating the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit to supply a DC voltage output to the pair of output terminals; wherein operating the at least two PFC switches includes:
supplying a first PFC voltage output to the three-level LLC circuit arrangement when the voltage input is within a specified low line voltage range; and
supplying a second PFC voltage output to the three-level LLC circuit arrangement when the voltage input is within a specified high line voltage range; and
wherein operating the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit includes:
operating the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit arrangement in a first mode of operation when the voltage input is within the specified low line voltage range; and
operating the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit arrangement in a second mode of operation when the voltage input is within the specified high line voltage range. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein:
the first mode of operation is symmetrical half-bridge (SHB) operation; the second mode of operation is asymmetrical half-bridge (AHB) operation; first and second ones of the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit arrangement define a first half-bridge and third and fourth ones of the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit arrangement define a second half-bridge; the power supply further comprises a fifth switch coupled across the second switch and the third switch to short circuit the second switch and the third switch when the fifth switch is closed; operating the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit includes:
when operating in the SHB mode of operation:
supplying a first control signal to the first and second switches;
supplying a second control signal to the third and fourth switches; and
turning off the fifth switch; and
when the operating in the AHB mode of operation, supplying control signals to:
turn on the first and third switches at the same time;
turn on the second and fourth switches in an opposite phase to the first and third switches; and
turn on the fifth switch while the at least four switches of the three-level LLC circuit arrangement are turned off. 26. A switch-mode power supply, comprising:
a pair of input terminals for receiving an alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) voltage input from an input power source; a pair of output terminals for supplying a direct current (DC) voltage output to a load; at least four switches coupled in a three-level LLC circuit arrangement between the pair of input terminals and the pair of output terminals; and a voltage doubler power factor correction (PFC) circuit coupled between the pair of input terminals and the three-level LLC circuit; and a control circuit coupled to operate the at least four switches to supply the DC voltage output to the load; and wherein:
the voltage doubler PFC circuit is configured to supply a first PFC voltage output to the three-level LLC circuit arrangement when the voltage input is within a specified low line voltage range;
the voltage doubler PFC circuit is configured to supply a second PFC voltage output to the three-level LLC circuit arrangement when the voltage input is within a specified high line voltage range;
the second PFC voltage output is greater than the first PFC voltage output;
the specified low line voltage range is different than the specified high line voltage range;
the voltage doubler PFC circuit includes at least two PFC circuit switches, the control circuit includes a first voltage reference and a second voltage reference, the first voltage reference is different than the second voltage reference, and the control circuit is configured to:
receive a sensed input voltage and determine whether the sensed input voltage is within the specified low line voltage range or the specified high line voltage range;
operate the at least two PFC circuit switches according to the first voltage reference when the voltage input is within the specified low line voltage range; and
operate the at least two PFC circuit switches according to the second voltage reference when the voltage input is within the specified high line voltage range. 27. The power supply of claim 26, wherein:
the voltage doubler PFC circuit includes an inductor, two diodes, and two capacitors; the at least two switches are coupled between the inductor and one of the pair of input terminals; each diode is coupled between the inductor and the three-level LLC circuit arrangement; each capacitor is coupled with a corresponding one of the didoes; and the control circuit is configured to control the at least two switches via a pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal. | 3,700 |
346,709 | 16,805,166 | 3,783 | A method and device for controlling at least one light module of a lamp unit of a vehicle, comprising a light controller and a surroundings detection device, the front surroundings of the vehicle being illuminated with the aid of the light controller and the light module, depending on an object classified as relevant. The lamp unit has a luminance detection device for detecting the luminances of the detected object classified as relevant in the front surroundings of the vehicle and object surroundings of the front surroundings around this object, and the front surroundings of the vehicle are illuminated, depending on the luminance contrast between the object and the object surroundings. | 1. A method for controlling at least one light module of a lamp unit of a vehicle, comprising at least one light module, a light controller for automatically controlling the light module and a surroundings detection device for detecting front surroundings of the vehicle, the method comprising:
illuminating the front surroundings of the vehicle with the aid of the light controller and the light module depending on an object detected in the front surroundings with the aid of the surroundings detection device and classified as relevant with the aid of the light controller; detecting, via a luminance detection device, luminances of the detected object classified as relevant in the front surroundings of the vehicle and object surroundings of the front surroundings around this object; and illuminating the front surroundings of the vehicle depending on the luminance contrast between the object and the object surroundings ascertained with the aid of the light controller. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the object detected with the aid of the surroundings detection device is classified as a relevant object with the aid of the light controller depending on the danger potential for the vehicle and/or the object. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein a positive contrast of the object or a negative contrast of the object, with respect to the object surroundings in each case, is determined with the aid of the light controller and depending on the ascertained luminance contrast between the object classified as relevant and the object surroundings, and if a positive contrast exists, a light intensity of the light module is increased in the area of this object, and if a negative contrast exists, the light intensity of the light module is reduced in the area of this object. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the light intensity in the area of the object is increased or reduced by a predefined absolute value stored in a memory of the light controller. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the increase in or reduction of the light intensity takes place, depending on a value of the luminance contrast between the object and the object surroundings. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein, when detecting the luminances with the aid of the luminance detection device, the object detected with the aid of the surroundings detection device and classified as relevant with the aid of the light controller is illuminated at a light intensity automatically varied within a detection period of the luminances from a light intensity variation range of the light module, and the front surroundings of the vehicle are illuminated at a time after the detection of the luminances during a normal operation of the lamp unit, at least in an area of the object, at the light intensity from the light intensity variation range, for which the luminance contrast between the object and the object surroundings is at its maximum. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein a totality of the detected object classified as relevant and its object surroundings is divided into subareas, and the light intensity of the light module is formed during the normal operation of the lamp unit in each of the subareas such that the luminance contrast between the object and its object surroundings is at its maximum for each of the subareas within the technical limits of the lamp unit. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the object surroundings of the object classified as relevant are illuminated such that the object surroundings are able to be perceived by a vehicle driver of the vehicle as an object shadow of the object classified as relevant. 9. A lamp unit for a vehicle for carrying out the method according to claim 1, the lamp unit comprising:
at least one light module; a light controller for automatically controlling the light module; and a surroundings detection device for detecting front surroundings of the vehicle, the front surroundings of the vehicle being adapted to be illuminated with the aid of the light controller and the light module depending on an object detected with the aid of the surroundings detection device in the front surroundings and classified as relevant with the aid of the light controller; and a luminance detection device for detecting luminances of the detected object classified as relevant in the front surroundings of the vehicle and object surroundings of the front surroundings around this object, wherein the front surroundings of the vehicle are adapted to be illuminated depending on the luminance contrast between the object and the object surroundings ascertained with the aid of the light controller. 10. A computer program product, comprising commands which cause a lamp unit to carry out the method steps of the method according to claim 1. 11. A computer-readable medium, on which the computer program product according to claim 10 is stored. | A method and device for controlling at least one light module of a lamp unit of a vehicle, comprising a light controller and a surroundings detection device, the front surroundings of the vehicle being illuminated with the aid of the light controller and the light module, depending on an object classified as relevant. The lamp unit has a luminance detection device for detecting the luminances of the detected object classified as relevant in the front surroundings of the vehicle and object surroundings of the front surroundings around this object, and the front surroundings of the vehicle are illuminated, depending on the luminance contrast between the object and the object surroundings.1. A method for controlling at least one light module of a lamp unit of a vehicle, comprising at least one light module, a light controller for automatically controlling the light module and a surroundings detection device for detecting front surroundings of the vehicle, the method comprising:
illuminating the front surroundings of the vehicle with the aid of the light controller and the light module depending on an object detected in the front surroundings with the aid of the surroundings detection device and classified as relevant with the aid of the light controller; detecting, via a luminance detection device, luminances of the detected object classified as relevant in the front surroundings of the vehicle and object surroundings of the front surroundings around this object; and illuminating the front surroundings of the vehicle depending on the luminance contrast between the object and the object surroundings ascertained with the aid of the light controller. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the object detected with the aid of the surroundings detection device is classified as a relevant object with the aid of the light controller depending on the danger potential for the vehicle and/or the object. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein a positive contrast of the object or a negative contrast of the object, with respect to the object surroundings in each case, is determined with the aid of the light controller and depending on the ascertained luminance contrast between the object classified as relevant and the object surroundings, and if a positive contrast exists, a light intensity of the light module is increased in the area of this object, and if a negative contrast exists, the light intensity of the light module is reduced in the area of this object. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the light intensity in the area of the object is increased or reduced by a predefined absolute value stored in a memory of the light controller. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the increase in or reduction of the light intensity takes place, depending on a value of the luminance contrast between the object and the object surroundings. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein, when detecting the luminances with the aid of the luminance detection device, the object detected with the aid of the surroundings detection device and classified as relevant with the aid of the light controller is illuminated at a light intensity automatically varied within a detection period of the luminances from a light intensity variation range of the light module, and the front surroundings of the vehicle are illuminated at a time after the detection of the luminances during a normal operation of the lamp unit, at least in an area of the object, at the light intensity from the light intensity variation range, for which the luminance contrast between the object and the object surroundings is at its maximum. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein a totality of the detected object classified as relevant and its object surroundings is divided into subareas, and the light intensity of the light module is formed during the normal operation of the lamp unit in each of the subareas such that the luminance contrast between the object and its object surroundings is at its maximum for each of the subareas within the technical limits of the lamp unit. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the object surroundings of the object classified as relevant are illuminated such that the object surroundings are able to be perceived by a vehicle driver of the vehicle as an object shadow of the object classified as relevant. 9. A lamp unit for a vehicle for carrying out the method according to claim 1, the lamp unit comprising:
at least one light module; a light controller for automatically controlling the light module; and a surroundings detection device for detecting front surroundings of the vehicle, the front surroundings of the vehicle being adapted to be illuminated with the aid of the light controller and the light module depending on an object detected with the aid of the surroundings detection device in the front surroundings and classified as relevant with the aid of the light controller; and a luminance detection device for detecting luminances of the detected object classified as relevant in the front surroundings of the vehicle and object surroundings of the front surroundings around this object, wherein the front surroundings of the vehicle are adapted to be illuminated depending on the luminance contrast between the object and the object surroundings ascertained with the aid of the light controller. 10. A computer program product, comprising commands which cause a lamp unit to carry out the method steps of the method according to claim 1. 11. A computer-readable medium, on which the computer program product according to claim 10 is stored. | 3,700 |
346,710 | 16,805,180 | 3,783 | An instance switching method includes: before target user equipment moves into a cell range of a second base station and successfully accesses the second base station, a first switching apparatus determines that a first instance that is on a first mobile edge computing platform and that provides the target user equipment with a target application service is to be switched to a second instance on a second mobile edge computing platform; and before the target user equipment successfully accesses the second base station, the first switching apparatus notifies the first mobile edge computing platform that the first instance that provides the target user equipment with the target application service is to be switched to the second instance. | 1. An instance switching method, the method comprising:
before target user equipment that is in a cell range of a first base station moves into a cell range of a second base station and successfully accesses the second base station, determining, by a first switching apparatus, that a first instance that is on a first mobile edge computing platform and that provides the target user equipment with a target application service is to be switched to a second instance on a second mobile edge computing platform, wherein the target user equipment accesses the first base station, the first mobile edge computing platform is configured to provide the target user equipment with the target application service if the target user equipment is in a cell of the first base station, and the second mobile edge computing platform is configured to provide the target user equipment with the target application service if the target user equipment is in a cell of the second base station; before the target user equipment successfully accesses the second base station, notifying, by the first switching apparatus, the first mobile edge computing platform that the first instance that provides the target user equipment with the target application service is to be switched to the second instance; and after the target user equipment successfully accesses the second base station, instructing, by the first switching apparatus, the first mobile edge computing platform to switch the first instance that provides the target user equipment with the target application service to the second instance on the second mobile edge computing platform. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining, by the first switching apparatus, that the first instance is to be switched to the second instance comprises:
obtaining, by the first switching apparatus, location information of the target user equipment; sending, by the first switching apparatus, a first request message to a second switching apparatus based on the location information of the target UE, wherein the first request message comprises a service identifier of the target application service, the second switching apparatus is configured to provide an instance switching service to the target user equipment if the target user equipment is connected to the second base station, and the service identifier of the target application service is associated with the second instance on the second mobile edge computing platform; receiving, by the first switching apparatus, a first response message from the second switching apparatus, wherein the first response message carries an instance identifier of the second instance; and determining, by the first switching apparatus based on the instance identifier of the second instance, that the first instance is to be switched to the second instance. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the notifying of the first MEC platform by the first switching apparatus, comprises:
sending, by the first switching apparatus, a switching preparation message to the first mobile edge computing platform, wherein the switching preparation message carries a user equipment identifier of the target user equipment and the instance identifier of the second instance. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein before the instructing of the first mobile edge computing platform by the first switching apparatus, the method further comprises:
receiving, by the first switching apparatus, a switching notification message from the first base station, wherein the switching notification message carries the user equipment identifier of the target user equipment, and the switching notification message is used to indicate that the target user equipment has successfully accessed the second base station. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
creating, by the first switching apparatus, a service feature based on the instance identifier of the second instance; and sending, by the first switching apparatus, a packet forwarding policy to a first gateway, wherein the packet forwarding policy is used to instruct the first gateway to:
identify a target uplink packet based on the service feature, and forward the target uplink packet to a second gateway,
wherein the target uplink packet is an uplink packet exchanged between the target user equipment and the target application service, the first gateway is configured to provide the first base station with a service, and the second gateway is configured to provide the second base station with the service. 6. A switching apparatus, comprising:
an interface; a processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to: before target user equipment that is in a cell range of a first base station moves into a cell range of a second base station and successfully accesses the second base station, determine that a first instance that is on a first mobile edge computing platform and that provides the target user equipment with a target application service is to be switched to a second instance on a second mobile edge computing platform, wherein the target user equipment accesses the first base station, the first mobile edge computing platform is configured to provide the target user equipment with the target application service if the target user equipment is in a cell of the first base station, and the second mobile edge computing platform is configured to provide the target user equipment with the target application service if the target user equipment is in a cell of the second base station; before the target user equipment successfully accesses the second base station, notify the first mobile edge computing platform that the first instance that provides the target user equipment with the target application service is to be switched to the second instance; and after the target user equipment successfully accesses the second base station, instruct the first mobile edge computing platform to switch the first instance that provides the target user equipment with the target application service to the second instance on the second mobile edge computing platform. 7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein apparatus is a first switching apparatus and the first switching apparatus is further caused to:
obtain location information of the target user equipment; send a first request message to a second switching apparatus based on the location information of the target user equipment, wherein the first request message comprises a service identifier of the target application service, the second switching apparatus is configured to provide an instance switching service to the target user equipment if the target user equipment is connected to the second base station, and the service identifier of the target application service is associated with the second instance on the second mobile edge computing platform; receive a first response message from the second switching apparatus, wherein the first response message carries an instance identifier of the second instance; and determine, based on the instance identifier of the second instance, that the first instance is to be switched to the second instance. 8. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:
send a switching preparation message to the first mobile edge computing platform, wherein the switching preparation message carries a user equipment identifier of the target user equipment and the instance identifier of the second instance. 9. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:
before the instruction unit instructs the first mobile edge computing platform, receive a switching notification message from the first base station, wherein the switching notification message carries the user equipment identifier of the target user equipment, and the switching notification message is used to indicate that the target user equipment has successfully accessed the second base station. 10. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:
create a service feature based on the instance identifier of the second instance; and send a packet forwarding policy to a first gateway, wherein the packet forwarding policy is used to instruct the first gateway to: identify a target uplink packet based on the service feature, and forward the target uplink packet to a second gateway, wherein the target uplink packet is an uplink packet exchanged between the target user equipment and the target application service, the first gateway is configured to provide the first base station with a service, and the second gateway is configured to provide the second base station with the service. 11. An instance switching system, applicable to a mobile communications network, wherein the instance switching system comprises: a first base station, a first mobile edge computing platform, a second base station, a second mobile edge computing platform, a first switching apparatus, and a second switching apparatus, wherein the first switching apparatus is configured to:
before target user equipment that is in a cell range of the first base station moves into a cell range of the second base station and successfully accesses the second base station, determine that a first instance that is on the first mobile edge computing platform and that provides the target user equipment with a target application service is to be switched to a second instance on the second mobile edge computing platform, wherein the target user equipment accesses the first base station; before the target user equipment successfully accesses the second base station, notify the first mobile edge computing platform that the first instance that provides the target user equipment with the target application service is to be switched to the second instance; and after the target user equipment successfully accesses the second base station, instruct the first mobile edge computing platform to switch the first instance that provides the target user equipment with the target application service to the second instance on the second mobile edge computing platform. | An instance switching method includes: before target user equipment moves into a cell range of a second base station and successfully accesses the second base station, a first switching apparatus determines that a first instance that is on a first mobile edge computing platform and that provides the target user equipment with a target application service is to be switched to a second instance on a second mobile edge computing platform; and before the target user equipment successfully accesses the second base station, the first switching apparatus notifies the first mobile edge computing platform that the first instance that provides the target user equipment with the target application service is to be switched to the second instance.1. An instance switching method, the method comprising:
before target user equipment that is in a cell range of a first base station moves into a cell range of a second base station and successfully accesses the second base station, determining, by a first switching apparatus, that a first instance that is on a first mobile edge computing platform and that provides the target user equipment with a target application service is to be switched to a second instance on a second mobile edge computing platform, wherein the target user equipment accesses the first base station, the first mobile edge computing platform is configured to provide the target user equipment with the target application service if the target user equipment is in a cell of the first base station, and the second mobile edge computing platform is configured to provide the target user equipment with the target application service if the target user equipment is in a cell of the second base station; before the target user equipment successfully accesses the second base station, notifying, by the first switching apparatus, the first mobile edge computing platform that the first instance that provides the target user equipment with the target application service is to be switched to the second instance; and after the target user equipment successfully accesses the second base station, instructing, by the first switching apparatus, the first mobile edge computing platform to switch the first instance that provides the target user equipment with the target application service to the second instance on the second mobile edge computing platform. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining, by the first switching apparatus, that the first instance is to be switched to the second instance comprises:
obtaining, by the first switching apparatus, location information of the target user equipment; sending, by the first switching apparatus, a first request message to a second switching apparatus based on the location information of the target UE, wherein the first request message comprises a service identifier of the target application service, the second switching apparatus is configured to provide an instance switching service to the target user equipment if the target user equipment is connected to the second base station, and the service identifier of the target application service is associated with the second instance on the second mobile edge computing platform; receiving, by the first switching apparatus, a first response message from the second switching apparatus, wherein the first response message carries an instance identifier of the second instance; and determining, by the first switching apparatus based on the instance identifier of the second instance, that the first instance is to be switched to the second instance. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the notifying of the first MEC platform by the first switching apparatus, comprises:
sending, by the first switching apparatus, a switching preparation message to the first mobile edge computing platform, wherein the switching preparation message carries a user equipment identifier of the target user equipment and the instance identifier of the second instance. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein before the instructing of the first mobile edge computing platform by the first switching apparatus, the method further comprises:
receiving, by the first switching apparatus, a switching notification message from the first base station, wherein the switching notification message carries the user equipment identifier of the target user equipment, and the switching notification message is used to indicate that the target user equipment has successfully accessed the second base station. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
creating, by the first switching apparatus, a service feature based on the instance identifier of the second instance; and sending, by the first switching apparatus, a packet forwarding policy to a first gateway, wherein the packet forwarding policy is used to instruct the first gateway to:
identify a target uplink packet based on the service feature, and forward the target uplink packet to a second gateway,
wherein the target uplink packet is an uplink packet exchanged between the target user equipment and the target application service, the first gateway is configured to provide the first base station with a service, and the second gateway is configured to provide the second base station with the service. 6. A switching apparatus, comprising:
an interface; a processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to: before target user equipment that is in a cell range of a first base station moves into a cell range of a second base station and successfully accesses the second base station, determine that a first instance that is on a first mobile edge computing platform and that provides the target user equipment with a target application service is to be switched to a second instance on a second mobile edge computing platform, wherein the target user equipment accesses the first base station, the first mobile edge computing platform is configured to provide the target user equipment with the target application service if the target user equipment is in a cell of the first base station, and the second mobile edge computing platform is configured to provide the target user equipment with the target application service if the target user equipment is in a cell of the second base station; before the target user equipment successfully accesses the second base station, notify the first mobile edge computing platform that the first instance that provides the target user equipment with the target application service is to be switched to the second instance; and after the target user equipment successfully accesses the second base station, instruct the first mobile edge computing platform to switch the first instance that provides the target user equipment with the target application service to the second instance on the second mobile edge computing platform. 7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein apparatus is a first switching apparatus and the first switching apparatus is further caused to:
obtain location information of the target user equipment; send a first request message to a second switching apparatus based on the location information of the target user equipment, wherein the first request message comprises a service identifier of the target application service, the second switching apparatus is configured to provide an instance switching service to the target user equipment if the target user equipment is connected to the second base station, and the service identifier of the target application service is associated with the second instance on the second mobile edge computing platform; receive a first response message from the second switching apparatus, wherein the first response message carries an instance identifier of the second instance; and determine, based on the instance identifier of the second instance, that the first instance is to be switched to the second instance. 8. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:
send a switching preparation message to the first mobile edge computing platform, wherein the switching preparation message carries a user equipment identifier of the target user equipment and the instance identifier of the second instance. 9. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:
before the instruction unit instructs the first mobile edge computing platform, receive a switching notification message from the first base station, wherein the switching notification message carries the user equipment identifier of the target user equipment, and the switching notification message is used to indicate that the target user equipment has successfully accessed the second base station. 10. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:
create a service feature based on the instance identifier of the second instance; and send a packet forwarding policy to a first gateway, wherein the packet forwarding policy is used to instruct the first gateway to: identify a target uplink packet based on the service feature, and forward the target uplink packet to a second gateway, wherein the target uplink packet is an uplink packet exchanged between the target user equipment and the target application service, the first gateway is configured to provide the first base station with a service, and the second gateway is configured to provide the second base station with the service. 11. An instance switching system, applicable to a mobile communications network, wherein the instance switching system comprises: a first base station, a first mobile edge computing platform, a second base station, a second mobile edge computing platform, a first switching apparatus, and a second switching apparatus, wherein the first switching apparatus is configured to:
before target user equipment that is in a cell range of the first base station moves into a cell range of the second base station and successfully accesses the second base station, determine that a first instance that is on the first mobile edge computing platform and that provides the target user equipment with a target application service is to be switched to a second instance on the second mobile edge computing platform, wherein the target user equipment accesses the first base station; before the target user equipment successfully accesses the second base station, notify the first mobile edge computing platform that the first instance that provides the target user equipment with the target application service is to be switched to the second instance; and after the target user equipment successfully accesses the second base station, instruct the first mobile edge computing platform to switch the first instance that provides the target user equipment with the target application service to the second instance on the second mobile edge computing platform. | 3,700 |
346,711 | 16,805,155 | 3,783 | An instance switching method includes: before target user equipment moves into a cell range of a second base station and successfully accesses the second base station, a first switching apparatus determines that a first instance that is on a first mobile edge computing platform and that provides the target user equipment with a target application service is to be switched to a second instance on a second mobile edge computing platform; and before the target user equipment successfully accesses the second base station, the first switching apparatus notifies the first mobile edge computing platform that the first instance that provides the target user equipment with the target application service is to be switched to the second instance. | 1. An instance switching method, the method comprising:
before target user equipment that is in a cell range of a first base station moves into a cell range of a second base station and successfully accesses the second base station, determining, by a first switching apparatus, that a first instance that is on a first mobile edge computing platform and that provides the target user equipment with a target application service is to be switched to a second instance on a second mobile edge computing platform, wherein the target user equipment accesses the first base station, the first mobile edge computing platform is configured to provide the target user equipment with the target application service if the target user equipment is in a cell of the first base station, and the second mobile edge computing platform is configured to provide the target user equipment with the target application service if the target user equipment is in a cell of the second base station; before the target user equipment successfully accesses the second base station, notifying, by the first switching apparatus, the first mobile edge computing platform that the first instance that provides the target user equipment with the target application service is to be switched to the second instance; and after the target user equipment successfully accesses the second base station, instructing, by the first switching apparatus, the first mobile edge computing platform to switch the first instance that provides the target user equipment with the target application service to the second instance on the second mobile edge computing platform. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining, by the first switching apparatus, that the first instance is to be switched to the second instance comprises:
obtaining, by the first switching apparatus, location information of the target user equipment; sending, by the first switching apparatus, a first request message to a second switching apparatus based on the location information of the target UE, wherein the first request message comprises a service identifier of the target application service, the second switching apparatus is configured to provide an instance switching service to the target user equipment if the target user equipment is connected to the second base station, and the service identifier of the target application service is associated with the second instance on the second mobile edge computing platform; receiving, by the first switching apparatus, a first response message from the second switching apparatus, wherein the first response message carries an instance identifier of the second instance; and determining, by the first switching apparatus based on the instance identifier of the second instance, that the first instance is to be switched to the second instance. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the notifying of the first MEC platform by the first switching apparatus, comprises:
sending, by the first switching apparatus, a switching preparation message to the first mobile edge computing platform, wherein the switching preparation message carries a user equipment identifier of the target user equipment and the instance identifier of the second instance. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein before the instructing of the first mobile edge computing platform by the first switching apparatus, the method further comprises:
receiving, by the first switching apparatus, a switching notification message from the first base station, wherein the switching notification message carries the user equipment identifier of the target user equipment, and the switching notification message is used to indicate that the target user equipment has successfully accessed the second base station. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
creating, by the first switching apparatus, a service feature based on the instance identifier of the second instance; and sending, by the first switching apparatus, a packet forwarding policy to a first gateway, wherein the packet forwarding policy is used to instruct the first gateway to:
identify a target uplink packet based on the service feature, and forward the target uplink packet to a second gateway,
wherein the target uplink packet is an uplink packet exchanged between the target user equipment and the target application service, the first gateway is configured to provide the first base station with a service, and the second gateway is configured to provide the second base station with the service. 6. A switching apparatus, comprising:
an interface; a processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to: before target user equipment that is in a cell range of a first base station moves into a cell range of a second base station and successfully accesses the second base station, determine that a first instance that is on a first mobile edge computing platform and that provides the target user equipment with a target application service is to be switched to a second instance on a second mobile edge computing platform, wherein the target user equipment accesses the first base station, the first mobile edge computing platform is configured to provide the target user equipment with the target application service if the target user equipment is in a cell of the first base station, and the second mobile edge computing platform is configured to provide the target user equipment with the target application service if the target user equipment is in a cell of the second base station; before the target user equipment successfully accesses the second base station, notify the first mobile edge computing platform that the first instance that provides the target user equipment with the target application service is to be switched to the second instance; and after the target user equipment successfully accesses the second base station, instruct the first mobile edge computing platform to switch the first instance that provides the target user equipment with the target application service to the second instance on the second mobile edge computing platform. 7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein apparatus is a first switching apparatus and the first switching apparatus is further caused to:
obtain location information of the target user equipment; send a first request message to a second switching apparatus based on the location information of the target user equipment, wherein the first request message comprises a service identifier of the target application service, the second switching apparatus is configured to provide an instance switching service to the target user equipment if the target user equipment is connected to the second base station, and the service identifier of the target application service is associated with the second instance on the second mobile edge computing platform; receive a first response message from the second switching apparatus, wherein the first response message carries an instance identifier of the second instance; and determine, based on the instance identifier of the second instance, that the first instance is to be switched to the second instance. 8. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:
send a switching preparation message to the first mobile edge computing platform, wherein the switching preparation message carries a user equipment identifier of the target user equipment and the instance identifier of the second instance. 9. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:
before the instruction unit instructs the first mobile edge computing platform, receive a switching notification message from the first base station, wherein the switching notification message carries the user equipment identifier of the target user equipment, and the switching notification message is used to indicate that the target user equipment has successfully accessed the second base station. 10. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:
create a service feature based on the instance identifier of the second instance; and send a packet forwarding policy to a first gateway, wherein the packet forwarding policy is used to instruct the first gateway to: identify a target uplink packet based on the service feature, and forward the target uplink packet to a second gateway, wherein the target uplink packet is an uplink packet exchanged between the target user equipment and the target application service, the first gateway is configured to provide the first base station with a service, and the second gateway is configured to provide the second base station with the service. 11. An instance switching system, applicable to a mobile communications network, wherein the instance switching system comprises: a first base station, a first mobile edge computing platform, a second base station, a second mobile edge computing platform, a first switching apparatus, and a second switching apparatus, wherein the first switching apparatus is configured to:
before target user equipment that is in a cell range of the first base station moves into a cell range of the second base station and successfully accesses the second base station, determine that a first instance that is on the first mobile edge computing platform and that provides the target user equipment with a target application service is to be switched to a second instance on the second mobile edge computing platform, wherein the target user equipment accesses the first base station; before the target user equipment successfully accesses the second base station, notify the first mobile edge computing platform that the first instance that provides the target user equipment with the target application service is to be switched to the second instance; and after the target user equipment successfully accesses the second base station, instruct the first mobile edge computing platform to switch the first instance that provides the target user equipment with the target application service to the second instance on the second mobile edge computing platform. | An instance switching method includes: before target user equipment moves into a cell range of a second base station and successfully accesses the second base station, a first switching apparatus determines that a first instance that is on a first mobile edge computing platform and that provides the target user equipment with a target application service is to be switched to a second instance on a second mobile edge computing platform; and before the target user equipment successfully accesses the second base station, the first switching apparatus notifies the first mobile edge computing platform that the first instance that provides the target user equipment with the target application service is to be switched to the second instance.1. An instance switching method, the method comprising:
before target user equipment that is in a cell range of a first base station moves into a cell range of a second base station and successfully accesses the second base station, determining, by a first switching apparatus, that a first instance that is on a first mobile edge computing platform and that provides the target user equipment with a target application service is to be switched to a second instance on a second mobile edge computing platform, wherein the target user equipment accesses the first base station, the first mobile edge computing platform is configured to provide the target user equipment with the target application service if the target user equipment is in a cell of the first base station, and the second mobile edge computing platform is configured to provide the target user equipment with the target application service if the target user equipment is in a cell of the second base station; before the target user equipment successfully accesses the second base station, notifying, by the first switching apparatus, the first mobile edge computing platform that the first instance that provides the target user equipment with the target application service is to be switched to the second instance; and after the target user equipment successfully accesses the second base station, instructing, by the first switching apparatus, the first mobile edge computing platform to switch the first instance that provides the target user equipment with the target application service to the second instance on the second mobile edge computing platform. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining, by the first switching apparatus, that the first instance is to be switched to the second instance comprises:
obtaining, by the first switching apparatus, location information of the target user equipment; sending, by the first switching apparatus, a first request message to a second switching apparatus based on the location information of the target UE, wherein the first request message comprises a service identifier of the target application service, the second switching apparatus is configured to provide an instance switching service to the target user equipment if the target user equipment is connected to the second base station, and the service identifier of the target application service is associated with the second instance on the second mobile edge computing platform; receiving, by the first switching apparatus, a first response message from the second switching apparatus, wherein the first response message carries an instance identifier of the second instance; and determining, by the first switching apparatus based on the instance identifier of the second instance, that the first instance is to be switched to the second instance. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the notifying of the first MEC platform by the first switching apparatus, comprises:
sending, by the first switching apparatus, a switching preparation message to the first mobile edge computing platform, wherein the switching preparation message carries a user equipment identifier of the target user equipment and the instance identifier of the second instance. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein before the instructing of the first mobile edge computing platform by the first switching apparatus, the method further comprises:
receiving, by the first switching apparatus, a switching notification message from the first base station, wherein the switching notification message carries the user equipment identifier of the target user equipment, and the switching notification message is used to indicate that the target user equipment has successfully accessed the second base station. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
creating, by the first switching apparatus, a service feature based on the instance identifier of the second instance; and sending, by the first switching apparatus, a packet forwarding policy to a first gateway, wherein the packet forwarding policy is used to instruct the first gateway to:
identify a target uplink packet based on the service feature, and forward the target uplink packet to a second gateway,
wherein the target uplink packet is an uplink packet exchanged between the target user equipment and the target application service, the first gateway is configured to provide the first base station with a service, and the second gateway is configured to provide the second base station with the service. 6. A switching apparatus, comprising:
an interface; a processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to: before target user equipment that is in a cell range of a first base station moves into a cell range of a second base station and successfully accesses the second base station, determine that a first instance that is on a first mobile edge computing platform and that provides the target user equipment with a target application service is to be switched to a second instance on a second mobile edge computing platform, wherein the target user equipment accesses the first base station, the first mobile edge computing platform is configured to provide the target user equipment with the target application service if the target user equipment is in a cell of the first base station, and the second mobile edge computing platform is configured to provide the target user equipment with the target application service if the target user equipment is in a cell of the second base station; before the target user equipment successfully accesses the second base station, notify the first mobile edge computing platform that the first instance that provides the target user equipment with the target application service is to be switched to the second instance; and after the target user equipment successfully accesses the second base station, instruct the first mobile edge computing platform to switch the first instance that provides the target user equipment with the target application service to the second instance on the second mobile edge computing platform. 7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein apparatus is a first switching apparatus and the first switching apparatus is further caused to:
obtain location information of the target user equipment; send a first request message to a second switching apparatus based on the location information of the target user equipment, wherein the first request message comprises a service identifier of the target application service, the second switching apparatus is configured to provide an instance switching service to the target user equipment if the target user equipment is connected to the second base station, and the service identifier of the target application service is associated with the second instance on the second mobile edge computing platform; receive a first response message from the second switching apparatus, wherein the first response message carries an instance identifier of the second instance; and determine, based on the instance identifier of the second instance, that the first instance is to be switched to the second instance. 8. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:
send a switching preparation message to the first mobile edge computing platform, wherein the switching preparation message carries a user equipment identifier of the target user equipment and the instance identifier of the second instance. 9. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:
before the instruction unit instructs the first mobile edge computing platform, receive a switching notification message from the first base station, wherein the switching notification message carries the user equipment identifier of the target user equipment, and the switching notification message is used to indicate that the target user equipment has successfully accessed the second base station. 10. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:
create a service feature based on the instance identifier of the second instance; and send a packet forwarding policy to a first gateway, wherein the packet forwarding policy is used to instruct the first gateway to: identify a target uplink packet based on the service feature, and forward the target uplink packet to a second gateway, wherein the target uplink packet is an uplink packet exchanged between the target user equipment and the target application service, the first gateway is configured to provide the first base station with a service, and the second gateway is configured to provide the second base station with the service. 11. An instance switching system, applicable to a mobile communications network, wherein the instance switching system comprises: a first base station, a first mobile edge computing platform, a second base station, a second mobile edge computing platform, a first switching apparatus, and a second switching apparatus, wherein the first switching apparatus is configured to:
before target user equipment that is in a cell range of the first base station moves into a cell range of the second base station and successfully accesses the second base station, determine that a first instance that is on the first mobile edge computing platform and that provides the target user equipment with a target application service is to be switched to a second instance on the second mobile edge computing platform, wherein the target user equipment accesses the first base station; before the target user equipment successfully accesses the second base station, notify the first mobile edge computing platform that the first instance that provides the target user equipment with the target application service is to be switched to the second instance; and after the target user equipment successfully accesses the second base station, instruct the first mobile edge computing platform to switch the first instance that provides the target user equipment with the target application service to the second instance on the second mobile edge computing platform. | 3,700 |
346,712 | 16,805,186 | 3,783 | The system according to the invention for haptic interaction with virtual objects comprises a visualisation unit for visualising virtual objects and the user's hand, a haptic output unit for reproducing haptic impressions at least by means of force feedback on fingertips of the user's hand, and a data processing unit for processing input data and controlling the visualisation unit and the output unit. The output unit has at least two movement-coupled segments of the interaction region, a finger-based positioning system, and a global positioning system, as well as a sensor system and actuator system. The movement-coupled segments are designed as touch surfaces, and each movement-coupled segment is assigned to one fingertip of the user's hand and can be moved by the latter. The position of the fingertip on the movement-coupled segment can be changed. The sensor system is used to detect the position of the movement-coupled segment with respect to the virtual object and the contact forces between the movement-coupled segments and the fingertips of the user's hand, while the actuator system serves for positioning the movement-coupled segments with respect to the virtual object and for exerting contact forces on the fingertips of the user's hand by means of the movement-coupled segments. A base reference plane for the force feedback is assigned to the haptic output unit. | 1. A system for haptic interaction with virtual objects, comprising
a visualisation unit for visualising virtual objects and the user's hand, a haptic output unit for reproducing haptic impressions at least by means of force feedback on fingertips of the user's hand, a data processing unit for processing input data and controlling the visualisation unit and the haptic output unit, wherein a virtual object has haptic properties which vary according to location and are simulated by means of an interaction region, wherein the haptic output unit comprises: at least two movement-coupled segments of the interaction region, wherein the movement-coupled segments of the interaction region are designed as touch surfaces, and each movement-coupled segment of the interaction region is assigned to one fingertip of the user's hand and can be moved by the latter, wherein the position of the fingertip on the movement-coupled segment can be changed, a finger-based positioning system comprising at least two finger-based positioning elements, each assigned to one movement-coupled segment of the interaction region, wherein the finger-based positioning elements and the movement-coupled segment of the interaction region assigned to it are operatively connected, a global positioning system by means of which the finger-based positioning system can be moved, or which is designed as a displacement of the virtual world in which the virtual object is arranged, wherein the haptic output unit further comprises: a sensor system at least for detecting the position of the movement-coupled segments of the interaction region with respect to the virtual object, and the contact forces between the movement-coupled segments of the interaction region and the fingertips of the user's hand, an actuator system at least for positioning the movement-coupled segments of the interaction region with respect to the virtual object and for exerting contact forces on the fingertips of the user's hand by means of the movement-coupled segments of the interaction region, and wherein a base reference surface for the force feedback is assigned to the haptic output unit. 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a position sensor system for contactless detection of the spatial position of the user's hand. 3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the haptic output unit has five movement-coupled segments of the interaction region, such that one movement-coupled segment of the interaction region can be arranged on each fingertip of the user's hand. 4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the haptic output unit is designed to simulate haptic impressions by means of tactile feedback on fingertips of the user's hand. 5. The system according to claim 4, wherein the movement-coupled segments of the interaction region are designed to be changeable with respect to their contour or texture or type of vibration or vibration intensity or temperature or elasticity or a combination of the aforementioned properties. 6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the haptic output unit has adjusting elements for adaptation to the size of the user's hand. 7. The system according to claim 1, wherein the finger-based positioning system and/or the global positioning system has/have six or more degrees of freedom of movement. 8. The system according to claim 1, wherein the movement-coupled segments of the interaction region can be displaced by means of the finger-based positioning system in such a manner that at least their centre point or their surface normal coincides with the centre point or the surface normal of the virtual surface, and preferably their centre point and their surface normal coincide with the centre point and the surface normal of the virtual surface. 9. The system according to claim 1, wherein the sensor system comprises, at least for detecting the position of the movement-coupled segments of the interaction region with respect to the virtual object, microswitches with discrete switching points or encoders or resistive measuring elements or optical measuring elements or capacitive measuring elements or inductive measuring elements or a combination of the aforementioned. 10. The system according to claim 1, wherein the global positioning system comprises means for linear displacement and/or rotation of the finger-based positioning system. 11. The system according to claim 10, wherein the means comprise a linearly displaceable unit or a robotic arm or a hexapod or a lifting/rotating arrangement or a combination of the aforementioned. 12. The system according to claim 1, wherein the finger-based positioning system comprises at least one motorised linear axis for each finger-based positioning element, by means of which a movement-coupled segment of the interaction region can be displaced in an axial direction. 13. The system according to claim 1, wherein the finger-based positioning system comprises at least one motorised linear axis for each finger-based positioning element, by means of which an angle of inclination of the finger-based positioning element and/or of the movement-coupled segment of the interaction region can be adjusted with respect to the base reference surface. 14. The system according to claim 12, wherein the linear axis comprises a toothed belt drive or a spindle drive or a linear motor or an ultrasonic piezo motor or an element with a shape memory alloy, or a combination of the aforementioned. 15. The system according to claim 13, wherein the haptic output unit comprises a sensor system for detecting the angle of inclination of the finger-based positioning element and/or the movement-coupled segment of the interaction region relative to the base reference surface, which preferably comprises angle sensors or force sensors or spring elements or linear distance sensors, or a combination of the aforementioned. 16. The system according to claim 1, wherein each of the movement-coupled segments of the interaction region is movable independently of the other movement-coupled segment of the interaction region in the x- and y-directions within the limits of the mobility of the user's hand. 17. A method for haptic interaction with virtual objects using the system according to claim 2, comprising the steps of:
in a first operating mode, when there is no contact between one of the fingertips and one of the movement-coupled segments, determining the position and the movement of the user's hand in space in relation to the position of the movement-coupled segments without contact by means of the position sensor system, and subsequent visualisation on the virtual object of a target point for each movement-coupled segment for which there is no contact between the corresponding fingertip and the movement-coupled segment, wherein the target point corresponds to the real position of the movement-coupled segment, and/or moving the movement-coupled segments for which there is no contact between the corresponding fingertip and the movement-coupled segment to a collision point calculated from the position and the movement of the user's hand and the position of the movement-coupled segments, and in a second operating mode, if there is contact between each of the movement-coupled segments and the fingertips assigned to them, calculating the movement of the user's hand with respect to the virtual object from the movement of the fingertips on the movement-coupled segments and/or from a force effect of the fingertips on the movement-coupled segments. 18. A system for conveying information for the blind and visually impaired, comprising
a haptic output unit for reproducing haptic impressions on fingertips of the user's hand, a data processing unit for processing input data and for controlling the haptic output unit, wherein information is categorized by properties which can vary according to location and which are simulated haptically by means of the haptic output unit in an interaction region, wherein the haptic output unit comprises: a frame which delimits the interaction region, wherein the interaction region extends in a first direction and a second direction which is perpendicular to the first direction, at least one movement-coupled segment of the interaction region, wherein each movement-coupled segment of the interaction region is designed as a touch surface and assigned to exactly one fingertip of the user's hand, and can be moved by the same in the interaction region along the first and/or the second direction, wherein the position of the fingertip on the movement-coupled segment can be changed, a finger-based positioning system comprising at least one finger-based positioning element, wherein each finger-based positioning element is assigned to exactly one movement-coupled segment of the interaction region, and the finger-based positioning element and the movement-coupled segment of the interaction region assigned to it are operatively connected, a sensor system at least for detecting the position of the movement-coupled segments of the interaction region within the interaction region, an actuator system which is suitable for creating the haptic impression of the movement-coupled segments of the interaction region in accordance with the properties of the information, wherein each finger-based positioning element is suitable for moving the respective movement-coupled segment along a third direction, wherein the third direction is perpendicular to the first and the second directions, and the actuator system is suitable for positioning the movement-coupled segments of the interaction region according to the properties of the information, and for exerting contact forces on the fingertips of the user's hand by means of the movement-coupled segments of the interaction region, wherein a base reference surface for the force feedback is assigned to the haptic output unit. 19. The system for conveying information for the blind and visually impaired according to claim 18, wherein
each segment of the interaction region has a plurality of pin-shaped lifting elements, and the actuator system is suitable for controlling the lifting elements of the respective movement-coupled segment in such a manner that they produce a tactile relief on the surface of the movement-coupled segment. 20. The system for conveying information for the blind and visually impaired according to claim 18, wherein each movement-coupled segment and/or each finger-based positioning element further contains a detector which is suitable for detecting user input. | The system according to the invention for haptic interaction with virtual objects comprises a visualisation unit for visualising virtual objects and the user's hand, a haptic output unit for reproducing haptic impressions at least by means of force feedback on fingertips of the user's hand, and a data processing unit for processing input data and controlling the visualisation unit and the output unit. The output unit has at least two movement-coupled segments of the interaction region, a finger-based positioning system, and a global positioning system, as well as a sensor system and actuator system. The movement-coupled segments are designed as touch surfaces, and each movement-coupled segment is assigned to one fingertip of the user's hand and can be moved by the latter. The position of the fingertip on the movement-coupled segment can be changed. The sensor system is used to detect the position of the movement-coupled segment with respect to the virtual object and the contact forces between the movement-coupled segments and the fingertips of the user's hand, while the actuator system serves for positioning the movement-coupled segments with respect to the virtual object and for exerting contact forces on the fingertips of the user's hand by means of the movement-coupled segments. A base reference plane for the force feedback is assigned to the haptic output unit.1. A system for haptic interaction with virtual objects, comprising
a visualisation unit for visualising virtual objects and the user's hand, a haptic output unit for reproducing haptic impressions at least by means of force feedback on fingertips of the user's hand, a data processing unit for processing input data and controlling the visualisation unit and the haptic output unit, wherein a virtual object has haptic properties which vary according to location and are simulated by means of an interaction region, wherein the haptic output unit comprises: at least two movement-coupled segments of the interaction region, wherein the movement-coupled segments of the interaction region are designed as touch surfaces, and each movement-coupled segment of the interaction region is assigned to one fingertip of the user's hand and can be moved by the latter, wherein the position of the fingertip on the movement-coupled segment can be changed, a finger-based positioning system comprising at least two finger-based positioning elements, each assigned to one movement-coupled segment of the interaction region, wherein the finger-based positioning elements and the movement-coupled segment of the interaction region assigned to it are operatively connected, a global positioning system by means of which the finger-based positioning system can be moved, or which is designed as a displacement of the virtual world in which the virtual object is arranged, wherein the haptic output unit further comprises: a sensor system at least for detecting the position of the movement-coupled segments of the interaction region with respect to the virtual object, and the contact forces between the movement-coupled segments of the interaction region and the fingertips of the user's hand, an actuator system at least for positioning the movement-coupled segments of the interaction region with respect to the virtual object and for exerting contact forces on the fingertips of the user's hand by means of the movement-coupled segments of the interaction region, and wherein a base reference surface for the force feedback is assigned to the haptic output unit. 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a position sensor system for contactless detection of the spatial position of the user's hand. 3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the haptic output unit has five movement-coupled segments of the interaction region, such that one movement-coupled segment of the interaction region can be arranged on each fingertip of the user's hand. 4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the haptic output unit is designed to simulate haptic impressions by means of tactile feedback on fingertips of the user's hand. 5. The system according to claim 4, wherein the movement-coupled segments of the interaction region are designed to be changeable with respect to their contour or texture or type of vibration or vibration intensity or temperature or elasticity or a combination of the aforementioned properties. 6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the haptic output unit has adjusting elements for adaptation to the size of the user's hand. 7. The system according to claim 1, wherein the finger-based positioning system and/or the global positioning system has/have six or more degrees of freedom of movement. 8. The system according to claim 1, wherein the movement-coupled segments of the interaction region can be displaced by means of the finger-based positioning system in such a manner that at least their centre point or their surface normal coincides with the centre point or the surface normal of the virtual surface, and preferably their centre point and their surface normal coincide with the centre point and the surface normal of the virtual surface. 9. The system according to claim 1, wherein the sensor system comprises, at least for detecting the position of the movement-coupled segments of the interaction region with respect to the virtual object, microswitches with discrete switching points or encoders or resistive measuring elements or optical measuring elements or capacitive measuring elements or inductive measuring elements or a combination of the aforementioned. 10. The system according to claim 1, wherein the global positioning system comprises means for linear displacement and/or rotation of the finger-based positioning system. 11. The system according to claim 10, wherein the means comprise a linearly displaceable unit or a robotic arm or a hexapod or a lifting/rotating arrangement or a combination of the aforementioned. 12. The system according to claim 1, wherein the finger-based positioning system comprises at least one motorised linear axis for each finger-based positioning element, by means of which a movement-coupled segment of the interaction region can be displaced in an axial direction. 13. The system according to claim 1, wherein the finger-based positioning system comprises at least one motorised linear axis for each finger-based positioning element, by means of which an angle of inclination of the finger-based positioning element and/or of the movement-coupled segment of the interaction region can be adjusted with respect to the base reference surface. 14. The system according to claim 12, wherein the linear axis comprises a toothed belt drive or a spindle drive or a linear motor or an ultrasonic piezo motor or an element with a shape memory alloy, or a combination of the aforementioned. 15. The system according to claim 13, wherein the haptic output unit comprises a sensor system for detecting the angle of inclination of the finger-based positioning element and/or the movement-coupled segment of the interaction region relative to the base reference surface, which preferably comprises angle sensors or force sensors or spring elements or linear distance sensors, or a combination of the aforementioned. 16. The system according to claim 1, wherein each of the movement-coupled segments of the interaction region is movable independently of the other movement-coupled segment of the interaction region in the x- and y-directions within the limits of the mobility of the user's hand. 17. A method for haptic interaction with virtual objects using the system according to claim 2, comprising the steps of:
in a first operating mode, when there is no contact between one of the fingertips and one of the movement-coupled segments, determining the position and the movement of the user's hand in space in relation to the position of the movement-coupled segments without contact by means of the position sensor system, and subsequent visualisation on the virtual object of a target point for each movement-coupled segment for which there is no contact between the corresponding fingertip and the movement-coupled segment, wherein the target point corresponds to the real position of the movement-coupled segment, and/or moving the movement-coupled segments for which there is no contact between the corresponding fingertip and the movement-coupled segment to a collision point calculated from the position and the movement of the user's hand and the position of the movement-coupled segments, and in a second operating mode, if there is contact between each of the movement-coupled segments and the fingertips assigned to them, calculating the movement of the user's hand with respect to the virtual object from the movement of the fingertips on the movement-coupled segments and/or from a force effect of the fingertips on the movement-coupled segments. 18. A system for conveying information for the blind and visually impaired, comprising
a haptic output unit for reproducing haptic impressions on fingertips of the user's hand, a data processing unit for processing input data and for controlling the haptic output unit, wherein information is categorized by properties which can vary according to location and which are simulated haptically by means of the haptic output unit in an interaction region, wherein the haptic output unit comprises: a frame which delimits the interaction region, wherein the interaction region extends in a first direction and a second direction which is perpendicular to the first direction, at least one movement-coupled segment of the interaction region, wherein each movement-coupled segment of the interaction region is designed as a touch surface and assigned to exactly one fingertip of the user's hand, and can be moved by the same in the interaction region along the first and/or the second direction, wherein the position of the fingertip on the movement-coupled segment can be changed, a finger-based positioning system comprising at least one finger-based positioning element, wherein each finger-based positioning element is assigned to exactly one movement-coupled segment of the interaction region, and the finger-based positioning element and the movement-coupled segment of the interaction region assigned to it are operatively connected, a sensor system at least for detecting the position of the movement-coupled segments of the interaction region within the interaction region, an actuator system which is suitable for creating the haptic impression of the movement-coupled segments of the interaction region in accordance with the properties of the information, wherein each finger-based positioning element is suitable for moving the respective movement-coupled segment along a third direction, wherein the third direction is perpendicular to the first and the second directions, and the actuator system is suitable for positioning the movement-coupled segments of the interaction region according to the properties of the information, and for exerting contact forces on the fingertips of the user's hand by means of the movement-coupled segments of the interaction region, wherein a base reference surface for the force feedback is assigned to the haptic output unit. 19. The system for conveying information for the blind and visually impaired according to claim 18, wherein
each segment of the interaction region has a plurality of pin-shaped lifting elements, and the actuator system is suitable for controlling the lifting elements of the respective movement-coupled segment in such a manner that they produce a tactile relief on the surface of the movement-coupled segment. 20. The system for conveying information for the blind and visually impaired according to claim 18, wherein each movement-coupled segment and/or each finger-based positioning element further contains a detector which is suitable for detecting user input. | 3,700 |
346,713 | 16,805,174 | 3,783 | An apparatus includes a plurality of storage media mounted on a rotatable spindle. The apparatus also includes an actuator with at least one actuator arm configured to translate among the plurality of storage media and at least two heads supported on the at least one actuator arm. Each of the at least two heads is configured to communicate with the plurality of storage media. | 1. A system comprising:
at least one storage media stack, each storage media stack comprising:
a rotatable spindle;
a plurality of storage media mounted on the rotatable spindle, each of the plurality of storage media having an inner diameter and an outer diameter, at least one of the inner diameter and the outer diameter of each of the plurality of storage media having a feature configured to identify each storage media individually to an access mechanism;
at least one actuator mechanism with at least one actuator arm configured to translate, along a length of at least one axis, among the plurality of storage media of the at least one storage media stack; and at least one head supported on the at least one actuator arm, each of the at least one head is configured to communicate with the plurality of storage media of the at least one storage media stack. 2. The system of claim 1 and further comprising the access mechanism configured to match the feature of the identified individual storage medium. 3. The system of claim 2 and wherein the access mechanism is configured to latch onto the identified individual storage media and translate the identified storage media along an axis of the rotatable spindle. 4. The system of claim 1 and further comprising and air diverter configured to provide a puff of air between adjacent storage media to separate one storage medium from another. 5. The system of claim 1 and wherein the at least one actuator mechanism comprises a single actuator mechanism that is configured to access a plurality of storage media stacks. 6. The system of claim 1 and wherein the at least one actuator mechanism comprises a plurality of actuator mechanisms configured to access the storage media stack. 7. The system of claim 6 and wherein at least one of the plurality of actuator mechanisms is configured to communicate with a different storage medium. 8. The system of claim 6 and wherein the plurality of actuator mechanisms are configured to communicate with a same storage media. 9. The system of claim 1 and wherein a plurality of actuator mechanisms is configured to access a plurality of storage media stacks. 10. The system of claim 9 and wherein the at least one actuator arm is configured to rotate among at least two of the plurality of storage media stacks. 11. The system of claim 1 and wherein the at least one actuator arm comprises a single actuator arm having the at least one head. 12. The system of claim 1 and wherein the at least one actuator arm comprises a plurality of actuator arms with each of the plurality of actuator arms having the at least one head. 13. The system of claim 1 and wherein the plurality of storage media comprises a plurality of recording disks. 14. A system comprising:
at least one disk stack, each disk stack comprising:
a rotatable spindle;
a plurality of storage media mounted on the rotatable spindle;
a plurality of actuator mechanisms, each actuator mechanism having at least one actuator arm configured to rotate about an axis of the actuator mechanism and trans late along a length of at least one axis; and at least one head supported on the at least one actuator arm of each of the plurality of actuator mechanisms, each of the at least one head configured to communicate with one of the plurality of storage media. 15. The system of claim 14 and wherein the plurality of actuator arms is fewer than the plurality of storage media. 16. The system of claim 14 and wherein the plurality of actuator arms comprises an arm stack, the arm stack having a jointless connection between each of the plurality of actuator arms. 17. The system of claim 14 and wherein the plurality of storage media comprises a plurality of recording disks. 18. A method comprising:
providing a plurality of storage media stacks, each storage media stack comprising a plurality of storage media mounted on a rotatable spindle; and providing an actuator mechanism having at least one actuator arm supporting at least one head, the actuator arm being capable of rotating about an axis of the actuator mechanism and translating along at least one axis among the plurality of storage media on each of the plurality of storage media stacks. 19. The method of claim 18 and wherein the at least one actuator mechanism is configured to translate along an x-, y- and z-axis. 20. The method of claim 18 and further comprising providing an access mechanism for matching to the feature of the identified individual storage media. | An apparatus includes a plurality of storage media mounted on a rotatable spindle. The apparatus also includes an actuator with at least one actuator arm configured to translate among the plurality of storage media and at least two heads supported on the at least one actuator arm. Each of the at least two heads is configured to communicate with the plurality of storage media.1. A system comprising:
at least one storage media stack, each storage media stack comprising:
a rotatable spindle;
a plurality of storage media mounted on the rotatable spindle, each of the plurality of storage media having an inner diameter and an outer diameter, at least one of the inner diameter and the outer diameter of each of the plurality of storage media having a feature configured to identify each storage media individually to an access mechanism;
at least one actuator mechanism with at least one actuator arm configured to translate, along a length of at least one axis, among the plurality of storage media of the at least one storage media stack; and at least one head supported on the at least one actuator arm, each of the at least one head is configured to communicate with the plurality of storage media of the at least one storage media stack. 2. The system of claim 1 and further comprising the access mechanism configured to match the feature of the identified individual storage medium. 3. The system of claim 2 and wherein the access mechanism is configured to latch onto the identified individual storage media and translate the identified storage media along an axis of the rotatable spindle. 4. The system of claim 1 and further comprising and air diverter configured to provide a puff of air between adjacent storage media to separate one storage medium from another. 5. The system of claim 1 and wherein the at least one actuator mechanism comprises a single actuator mechanism that is configured to access a plurality of storage media stacks. 6. The system of claim 1 and wherein the at least one actuator mechanism comprises a plurality of actuator mechanisms configured to access the storage media stack. 7. The system of claim 6 and wherein at least one of the plurality of actuator mechanisms is configured to communicate with a different storage medium. 8. The system of claim 6 and wherein the plurality of actuator mechanisms are configured to communicate with a same storage media. 9. The system of claim 1 and wherein a plurality of actuator mechanisms is configured to access a plurality of storage media stacks. 10. The system of claim 9 and wherein the at least one actuator arm is configured to rotate among at least two of the plurality of storage media stacks. 11. The system of claim 1 and wherein the at least one actuator arm comprises a single actuator arm having the at least one head. 12. The system of claim 1 and wherein the at least one actuator arm comprises a plurality of actuator arms with each of the plurality of actuator arms having the at least one head. 13. The system of claim 1 and wherein the plurality of storage media comprises a plurality of recording disks. 14. A system comprising:
at least one disk stack, each disk stack comprising:
a rotatable spindle;
a plurality of storage media mounted on the rotatable spindle;
a plurality of actuator mechanisms, each actuator mechanism having at least one actuator arm configured to rotate about an axis of the actuator mechanism and trans late along a length of at least one axis; and at least one head supported on the at least one actuator arm of each of the plurality of actuator mechanisms, each of the at least one head configured to communicate with one of the plurality of storage media. 15. The system of claim 14 and wherein the plurality of actuator arms is fewer than the plurality of storage media. 16. The system of claim 14 and wherein the plurality of actuator arms comprises an arm stack, the arm stack having a jointless connection between each of the plurality of actuator arms. 17. The system of claim 14 and wherein the plurality of storage media comprises a plurality of recording disks. 18. A method comprising:
providing a plurality of storage media stacks, each storage media stack comprising a plurality of storage media mounted on a rotatable spindle; and providing an actuator mechanism having at least one actuator arm supporting at least one head, the actuator arm being capable of rotating about an axis of the actuator mechanism and translating along at least one axis among the plurality of storage media on each of the plurality of storage media stacks. 19. The method of claim 18 and wherein the at least one actuator mechanism is configured to translate along an x-, y- and z-axis. 20. The method of claim 18 and further comprising providing an access mechanism for matching to the feature of the identified individual storage media. | 3,700 |
346,714 | 16,805,191 | 3,783 | Systems and methods are disclosed for providing electronic distribution of filtered calendars. The disclosed systems and methods may include receiving control data. The control data may be configured to indicate a portion of master calendar data a user designates to transmit. Furthermore, the disclosed systems and methods may include filtering the master calendar data based on the control data to create filtered calendar data and transmitting the filtered calendar data. | 1. A method for providing electronic distribution of filtered calendars, the method comprising:
receiving control data, the control data configured to indicate a portion of master calendar data a user designates to transmit; filtering the master calendar data based on the control data to create filtered calendar data; and transmitting the filtered calendar data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the control data comprises receiving the control data configured to indicate the portion of the master calendar data the user designates to transmit wherein the control data indicates the portion of the master calendar data comprising a first calendar selected from a plurality of calendars. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the control data comprises receiving the control data configured to indicate the portion of the master calendar data the user designates to transmit wherein the control data indicates the portion of the master calendar data corresponds to a time period. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the control data comprises receiving the control data configured to indicate the portion of the master calendar data the user designates to transmit wherein the control data indicates the portion of the master calendar data corresponds to a time period that corresponds to the user's working hours. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the control data comprises receiving the control data configured to indicate the portion of the master calendar data the user designates to transmit wherein the control data indicates the portion of the master calendar data that provides one of the following: availability only, limited details, and full details. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the filtered calendar data comprises transmitting the filtered calendar data in a first format and in a second format 7. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the filtered calendar data comprises transmitting the filtered calendar data configured to be directly usable by a client application. 8. A system for providing electronic distribution of filtered calendars, the system comprising:
a memory storage for maintaining a database; and a processing unit coupled to the memory storage, wherein the processing unit is operative to:
receive control data, the control data configured to indicate a portion of master calendar data a user designates to transmit;
filter the master calendar data based on the control data to create filtered calendar data; and
transmit the filtered calendar data. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the control data indicates the portion of the master calendar data comprising a first calendar selected from a plurality of calendars. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the control data indicates the portion of the master calendar data corresponds to a time period. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the control data indicates the portion of the master calendar data corresponds to a time period that corresponds to the user's working hours. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the control data indicates the portion of the master calendar data that provides one of the following: availability only, limited details, and full details. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the processing unit operative to transmit the filtered calendar data comprises the processing unit operative to transmit the filtered calendar data in a first format and in a second format. 14. A computer-readable medium which stores a set of instructions which when executed performs a method for providing electronic distribution of filtered calendars, the method executed by the set of instructions comprising:
receiving control data, the control data configured to indicate a portion of master calendar data a user designates to transmit; filtering the master calendar data based on the control data to create filtered calendar data; and transmitting the filtered calendar data. 15. The computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein receiving the control data comprises receiving the control data configured to indicate the portion of the master calendar data the user designates to transmit wherein the control data indicates the portion of the master calendar data comprising a first calendar selected from a plurality of calendars. 16. The computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein receiving the control data comprises receiving the control data configured to indicate the portion of the master calendar data the user designates to transmit wherein the control data indicates the portion of the master calendar data corresponds to a time period. 17. The computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein receiving the control data comprises receiving the control data configured to indicate the portion of the master calendar data the user designates to transmit wherein the control data indicates the portion of the master calendar data corresponds to a time period that corresponds to the user's working hours. 18. The computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein receiving the control data comprises receiving the control data configured to indicate the portion of the master calendar data the user designates to transmit wherein the control data indicates the portion of the master calendar data that provides one of the following: availability only, limited details, and full details. 19. The computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein transmitting the filtered calendar data comprises transmitting the filtered calendar data in a first format and in a second format 20. The computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein transmitting the filtered calendar data comprises transmitting the filtered calendar data configured to be directly usable by a client application. | Systems and methods are disclosed for providing electronic distribution of filtered calendars. The disclosed systems and methods may include receiving control data. The control data may be configured to indicate a portion of master calendar data a user designates to transmit. Furthermore, the disclosed systems and methods may include filtering the master calendar data based on the control data to create filtered calendar data and transmitting the filtered calendar data.1. A method for providing electronic distribution of filtered calendars, the method comprising:
receiving control data, the control data configured to indicate a portion of master calendar data a user designates to transmit; filtering the master calendar data based on the control data to create filtered calendar data; and transmitting the filtered calendar data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the control data comprises receiving the control data configured to indicate the portion of the master calendar data the user designates to transmit wherein the control data indicates the portion of the master calendar data comprising a first calendar selected from a plurality of calendars. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the control data comprises receiving the control data configured to indicate the portion of the master calendar data the user designates to transmit wherein the control data indicates the portion of the master calendar data corresponds to a time period. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the control data comprises receiving the control data configured to indicate the portion of the master calendar data the user designates to transmit wherein the control data indicates the portion of the master calendar data corresponds to a time period that corresponds to the user's working hours. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the control data comprises receiving the control data configured to indicate the portion of the master calendar data the user designates to transmit wherein the control data indicates the portion of the master calendar data that provides one of the following: availability only, limited details, and full details. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the filtered calendar data comprises transmitting the filtered calendar data in a first format and in a second format 7. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the filtered calendar data comprises transmitting the filtered calendar data configured to be directly usable by a client application. 8. A system for providing electronic distribution of filtered calendars, the system comprising:
a memory storage for maintaining a database; and a processing unit coupled to the memory storage, wherein the processing unit is operative to:
receive control data, the control data configured to indicate a portion of master calendar data a user designates to transmit;
filter the master calendar data based on the control data to create filtered calendar data; and
transmit the filtered calendar data. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the control data indicates the portion of the master calendar data comprising a first calendar selected from a plurality of calendars. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the control data indicates the portion of the master calendar data corresponds to a time period. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the control data indicates the portion of the master calendar data corresponds to a time period that corresponds to the user's working hours. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the control data indicates the portion of the master calendar data that provides one of the following: availability only, limited details, and full details. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the processing unit operative to transmit the filtered calendar data comprises the processing unit operative to transmit the filtered calendar data in a first format and in a second format. 14. A computer-readable medium which stores a set of instructions which when executed performs a method for providing electronic distribution of filtered calendars, the method executed by the set of instructions comprising:
receiving control data, the control data configured to indicate a portion of master calendar data a user designates to transmit; filtering the master calendar data based on the control data to create filtered calendar data; and transmitting the filtered calendar data. 15. The computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein receiving the control data comprises receiving the control data configured to indicate the portion of the master calendar data the user designates to transmit wherein the control data indicates the portion of the master calendar data comprising a first calendar selected from a plurality of calendars. 16. The computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein receiving the control data comprises receiving the control data configured to indicate the portion of the master calendar data the user designates to transmit wherein the control data indicates the portion of the master calendar data corresponds to a time period. 17. The computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein receiving the control data comprises receiving the control data configured to indicate the portion of the master calendar data the user designates to transmit wherein the control data indicates the portion of the master calendar data corresponds to a time period that corresponds to the user's working hours. 18. The computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein receiving the control data comprises receiving the control data configured to indicate the portion of the master calendar data the user designates to transmit wherein the control data indicates the portion of the master calendar data that provides one of the following: availability only, limited details, and full details. 19. The computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein transmitting the filtered calendar data comprises transmitting the filtered calendar data in a first format and in a second format 20. The computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein transmitting the filtered calendar data comprises transmitting the filtered calendar data configured to be directly usable by a client application. | 3,700 |
346,715 | 16,805,183 | 3,783 | A railing bracket assembly includes a cup with a back wall, a bottom wall, a first side wall, and a second side configured to support an end of a railing member. The back wall defines a plurality of through holes and each side wall defines a through hole, each configured to receive a fastener. A cap is adapted to cover the cup, and it has a U-shape configured to expose the bottom wall of the cup. A portion of the first side wall of the cup proximate the bottom wall is configured to contact a first tab of the cap, and a portion of the second side wall of the cup proximate the bottom wall is configured to contact a second tab of the cap to secure the cap to the cup. | 1. A railing bracket assembly, comprising:
a cup comprising a back wall, a bottom wall, a first side wall, and a second side wall disposed spaced apart from the first side wall, the cup configured to support an end of a railing member; wherein the back wall defines a plurality of through holes each configured to receive a fastener to secure the cup to a vertical member; wherein the first side wall defines a first through hole configured to receive a first fastener and the second side wall defines a second through hole configured to receive a second fastener, the first and second fasteners operable to secure the end of the railing member within the cup; and a cap being adapted to cover the cup, the cap having a U-shape configured to expose the bottom wall of the cup, the cap comprising a first tab, a second tab, a first lateral wall configured to cover the first fastener and the first through hole in the first side wall of the cup, and a second lateral wall configured to cover the second fastener and the second through hole in the second side wall of the cup; wherein a portion of the first side wall proximate the bottom wall is configured to contact the first tab and a portion of the second side wall proximate the bottom wall is configured to contact the second tab to secure the cap to the cup. 2. The railing bracket assembly of claim 1 wherein the bottom wall is disposed at a perimeter of the back wall. 3. The railing bracket assembly of claim 1 wherein the cup and the cap are formed of metal. 4. The railing bracket assembly of claim 3 wherein the cup and the cap are formed of sheet metal. 5. The railing bracket assembly of claim 1 wherein the cup and the cap are formed of steel. 6. The railing bracket assembly of claim 1 wherein the back wall, the first side wall, and the second side wall have a same height. 7. The railing bracket assembly of claim 1 wherein the back wall, the bottom wall, the first side wall, and the second side wall together present four sides of a cube-like structure. 8. The railing bracket assembly of claim 1 wherein the cup comprises a first notch configured to receive the first tab and a second notch configured to receive the second tab. 9. A railing assembly, comprising:
a railing member; a vertical member; a cup comprising a back wall, a bottom wall, a first side wall, and a second side wall disposed spaced apart from the first side wall, the cup configured to support an end of the railing member; wherein the back wall defines a plurality of through holes each configured to receive a fastener to secure the cup to the vertical member; wherein the first side wall defines a first through hole configured to receive a first fastener and the second side wall defines a second through hole configured to receive a second fastener, the first and second fasteners operable to secure the end of the railing member within the cup; and a cap being adapted to cover the cup, the cap having a U-shape configured to expose the bottom wall of the cup, the cap comprising a first tab, a second tab, a first lateral wall configured to cover the first fastener and the first through hole in the first side wall of the cup, and a second lateral wall configured to cover the second fastener and the second through hole in the second side wall of the cup; wherein a portion of the first side wall proximate the bottom wall is configured to contact the first tab and a portion of the second side wall proximate the bottom wall is configured to contact the second tab to secure the cap to the cup. 10. The railing assembly of claim 9 wherein the bottom wall is disposed at a perimeter of the back wall. 11. The railing assembly of claim 9 wherein the cup and the cap are formed of metal. 12. The railing assembly of claim 11 wherein the cup and the cap are formed of sheet metal. 13. The railing assembly of claim 9 wherein the cup and the cap are formed of steel. 14. The railing assembly of claim 9 wherein the back wall, the first side wall, and the second side wall have a same height. 15. The railing assembly of claim 9 wherein the back wall, the bottom wall, the first side wall, and the second side wall together present four sides of a cube-like structure. 16. The railing assembly of claim 9 wherein the cup comprises a first notch configured to receive the first tab and a second notch configured to receive the second tab. 17. A railing assembly, comprising:
a railing member; a vertical member; a cup coupled to the vertical member and comprising a back wall, a bottom wall, a first side wall, and a second side wall disposed spaced apart from the first side wall, the cup supporting an end of the railing member; wherein the back wall defines a plurality of through holes each receiving a fastener to secure the cup to the vertical member; wherein the first side wall defines a first through hole receiving a first fastener and the second side wall defines a second through hole receiving a second fastener, the first and second fasteners securing the end of the railing member within the cup; and a cap covering the cup, the cap having a U-shape exposing the bottom wall of the cup, the cap comprising a first tab, a second tab, a first lateral wall covering the first fastener and the first through hole in the first side wall of the cup, and a second lateral wall covering the second fastener and the second through hole in the second side wall of the cup; wherein a portion of the first side wall proximate the bottom wall contacts the first tab and a portion of the second side wall proximate the bottom wall contacts the second tab to secure the cap to the cup. 18. The railing assembly of claim 17 wherein the bottom wall is disposed at a perimeter of the back wall. 19. The railing assembly of claim 17 wherein the cup and the cap are formed of metal. 20. The railing assembly of claim 19 wherein the cup and the cap are formed of sheet metal. 21. The railing assembly of claim 17 wherein the cup and the cap are formed of steel. 22. The railing assembly of claim 17 wherein the cup comprises a first notch configured to receive the first tab and a second notch configured to receive the second tab. | A railing bracket assembly includes a cup with a back wall, a bottom wall, a first side wall, and a second side configured to support an end of a railing member. The back wall defines a plurality of through holes and each side wall defines a through hole, each configured to receive a fastener. A cap is adapted to cover the cup, and it has a U-shape configured to expose the bottom wall of the cup. A portion of the first side wall of the cup proximate the bottom wall is configured to contact a first tab of the cap, and a portion of the second side wall of the cup proximate the bottom wall is configured to contact a second tab of the cap to secure the cap to the cup.1. A railing bracket assembly, comprising:
a cup comprising a back wall, a bottom wall, a first side wall, and a second side wall disposed spaced apart from the first side wall, the cup configured to support an end of a railing member; wherein the back wall defines a plurality of through holes each configured to receive a fastener to secure the cup to a vertical member; wherein the first side wall defines a first through hole configured to receive a first fastener and the second side wall defines a second through hole configured to receive a second fastener, the first and second fasteners operable to secure the end of the railing member within the cup; and a cap being adapted to cover the cup, the cap having a U-shape configured to expose the bottom wall of the cup, the cap comprising a first tab, a second tab, a first lateral wall configured to cover the first fastener and the first through hole in the first side wall of the cup, and a second lateral wall configured to cover the second fastener and the second through hole in the second side wall of the cup; wherein a portion of the first side wall proximate the bottom wall is configured to contact the first tab and a portion of the second side wall proximate the bottom wall is configured to contact the second tab to secure the cap to the cup. 2. The railing bracket assembly of claim 1 wherein the bottom wall is disposed at a perimeter of the back wall. 3. The railing bracket assembly of claim 1 wherein the cup and the cap are formed of metal. 4. The railing bracket assembly of claim 3 wherein the cup and the cap are formed of sheet metal. 5. The railing bracket assembly of claim 1 wherein the cup and the cap are formed of steel. 6. The railing bracket assembly of claim 1 wherein the back wall, the first side wall, and the second side wall have a same height. 7. The railing bracket assembly of claim 1 wherein the back wall, the bottom wall, the first side wall, and the second side wall together present four sides of a cube-like structure. 8. The railing bracket assembly of claim 1 wherein the cup comprises a first notch configured to receive the first tab and a second notch configured to receive the second tab. 9. A railing assembly, comprising:
a railing member; a vertical member; a cup comprising a back wall, a bottom wall, a first side wall, and a second side wall disposed spaced apart from the first side wall, the cup configured to support an end of the railing member; wherein the back wall defines a plurality of through holes each configured to receive a fastener to secure the cup to the vertical member; wherein the first side wall defines a first through hole configured to receive a first fastener and the second side wall defines a second through hole configured to receive a second fastener, the first and second fasteners operable to secure the end of the railing member within the cup; and a cap being adapted to cover the cup, the cap having a U-shape configured to expose the bottom wall of the cup, the cap comprising a first tab, a second tab, a first lateral wall configured to cover the first fastener and the first through hole in the first side wall of the cup, and a second lateral wall configured to cover the second fastener and the second through hole in the second side wall of the cup; wherein a portion of the first side wall proximate the bottom wall is configured to contact the first tab and a portion of the second side wall proximate the bottom wall is configured to contact the second tab to secure the cap to the cup. 10. The railing assembly of claim 9 wherein the bottom wall is disposed at a perimeter of the back wall. 11. The railing assembly of claim 9 wherein the cup and the cap are formed of metal. 12. The railing assembly of claim 11 wherein the cup and the cap are formed of sheet metal. 13. The railing assembly of claim 9 wherein the cup and the cap are formed of steel. 14. The railing assembly of claim 9 wherein the back wall, the first side wall, and the second side wall have a same height. 15. The railing assembly of claim 9 wherein the back wall, the bottom wall, the first side wall, and the second side wall together present four sides of a cube-like structure. 16. The railing assembly of claim 9 wherein the cup comprises a first notch configured to receive the first tab and a second notch configured to receive the second tab. 17. A railing assembly, comprising:
a railing member; a vertical member; a cup coupled to the vertical member and comprising a back wall, a bottom wall, a first side wall, and a second side wall disposed spaced apart from the first side wall, the cup supporting an end of the railing member; wherein the back wall defines a plurality of through holes each receiving a fastener to secure the cup to the vertical member; wherein the first side wall defines a first through hole receiving a first fastener and the second side wall defines a second through hole receiving a second fastener, the first and second fasteners securing the end of the railing member within the cup; and a cap covering the cup, the cap having a U-shape exposing the bottom wall of the cup, the cap comprising a first tab, a second tab, a first lateral wall covering the first fastener and the first through hole in the first side wall of the cup, and a second lateral wall covering the second fastener and the second through hole in the second side wall of the cup; wherein a portion of the first side wall proximate the bottom wall contacts the first tab and a portion of the second side wall proximate the bottom wall contacts the second tab to secure the cap to the cup. 18. The railing assembly of claim 17 wherein the bottom wall is disposed at a perimeter of the back wall. 19. The railing assembly of claim 17 wherein the cup and the cap are formed of metal. 20. The railing assembly of claim 19 wherein the cup and the cap are formed of sheet metal. 21. The railing assembly of claim 17 wherein the cup and the cap are formed of steel. 22. The railing assembly of claim 17 wherein the cup comprises a first notch configured to receive the first tab and a second notch configured to receive the second tab. | 3,700 |
346,716 | 16,805,171 | 3,783 | A role associated with one or more parties involved with a purchase transaction is received. A routing rule associated with the purchase transaction is also received, the routing rule defining how the purchase transaction is routed among the one or more parties. The purchase transaction is processed based on the role of each party and the routing rule. | 1.-20. (canceled) 21. A computer-implemented method, the method comprising:
receiving, by a first wireless communication device associated with a first user, purchase data describing a cost of a purchase transaction associated with the first user; generating, by the first wireless communication device, a routing rule, wherein the routing rule describes one or more second wireless communication devices respectively associated with one or more second users, wherein the routing rule further describes one or more portions of the cost of the purchase transaction respectively assigned to the one or more second users; sending, by the first wireless communication device, one or more payment requests to the one or more second wireless communication devices respectively associated with the one or more second users based at least in part on the routing rule. 22. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, further comprising:
receiving, by the first wireless communication device from at least one of the one or more second wireless communication devices, data indicative of a confirmed payment by at least one of the one or more second users. 23. The computer-implemented method of claim 22, further comprising sending, by the first wireless communication device, receipt confirmation data to the at least one of the one or more second wireless communication devices. 24. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, further comprising:
receiving, by the first wireless communication device from the one or more second wireless communication devices, data indicative of a payment request rejection by at least one of the one or more second users. 25. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the routing rule is generated based at least in part on one or more user inputs from the first user to a graphical user interface of the first wireless communication device. 26. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the routing rule further describes an itemized cost of at least one of one or more goods one or more services purchased in the purchase transaction. 27. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the purchase data is received by the first wireless communication device from a computing system associated with a provider of at least one of one or more goods or one or more services of the purchase transaction. 28. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein:
the purchase data is received by the first wireless communication device using a first application; and the one or more payment requests are sent by the first wireless communication device using a second application different and distinct from the first application. 29. The computer-implemented method of claim 28, wherein the routing rule is generated by the first wireless communication device using the first application or the second application. 30. A wireless communications device, comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more tangible, non-transitory, computer readable media that collectively store instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the wireless communication device to perform operations, the operations comprising:
receiving purchase data describing a cost of a purchase transaction associated with a first user associated with the wireless communications device;
generating a routing rule, wherein the routing rule describes one or more second wireless communication devices respectively associated with one or more second users, wherein the routing rule further describes one or more portions of the cost of the purchase transaction respectively assigned to the one or more second users;
sending one or more payment requests to the one or more second wireless communication devices respectively associated with the one or more second users based at least in part on the routing rule. 31. The wireless communications device of claim 30, further comprising
receiving, from at least one of the one or more second wireless communication devices, data indicative of a confirmed payment by at least one of the one or more second users. 32. The wireless communications device of claim 31, further comprising sending, by the wireless communication device, receipt confirmation data to the at least one of the one or more second wireless communication devices. 33. The wireless communications device of claim 30, further comprising:
receiving, from the one or more second wireless communication devices, data indicative of a payment request rejection by at least one of the one or more second users. 34. The wireless communications device of claim 30, wherein the routing rule is generated based at least in part on one or more user inputs from the first user to a graphical user interface of the wireless communication device. 35. The wireless communications device of claim 30, wherein the routing rule further describes an itemized cost of at least one of one or more goods one or more services purchased in the purchase transaction. 36. The wireless communications device of claim 30, wherein the purchase data is received by the wireless communication device from a computing system associated with a provider of at least one of one or more goods or one or more services of the purchase transaction. 37. The wireless communications device of claim 30, wherein:
the purchase data is received by the wireless communication device using a first application; and the one or more payment requests are sent by the wireless communication device using a second application different and distinct from the first application. 38. The wireless communication device of claim 37, wherein the routing rule is generated by the wireless communication device using the first application or the second application. 39. one or more tangible, non-transitory computer readable media storing computer-readable instructions that when executed by one or more processors cause the one or more processors to perform operations, the operations comprising:
receiving purchase data describing a cost of a purchase transaction associated with a first user using a first wireless communication device; generating a routing rule, wherein the routing rule describes one or more second wireless communication devices respectively associated with one or more second users, wherein the routing rule further describes one or more portions of the cost of the purchase transaction respectively assigned to the one or more second users; sending one or more payment requests to the one or more second wireless communication devices respectively associated with the one or more second users based at least in part on the routing rule, 40. The one or more tangible, non-transitory computer readable media of claim 39, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving, from at least one of the one or more second wireless communication devices, data indicative of a confirmed payment by at least one of the one or more second users. | A role associated with one or more parties involved with a purchase transaction is received. A routing rule associated with the purchase transaction is also received, the routing rule defining how the purchase transaction is routed among the one or more parties. The purchase transaction is processed based on the role of each party and the routing rule.1.-20. (canceled) 21. A computer-implemented method, the method comprising:
receiving, by a first wireless communication device associated with a first user, purchase data describing a cost of a purchase transaction associated with the first user; generating, by the first wireless communication device, a routing rule, wherein the routing rule describes one or more second wireless communication devices respectively associated with one or more second users, wherein the routing rule further describes one or more portions of the cost of the purchase transaction respectively assigned to the one or more second users; sending, by the first wireless communication device, one or more payment requests to the one or more second wireless communication devices respectively associated with the one or more second users based at least in part on the routing rule. 22. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, further comprising:
receiving, by the first wireless communication device from at least one of the one or more second wireless communication devices, data indicative of a confirmed payment by at least one of the one or more second users. 23. The computer-implemented method of claim 22, further comprising sending, by the first wireless communication device, receipt confirmation data to the at least one of the one or more second wireless communication devices. 24. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, further comprising:
receiving, by the first wireless communication device from the one or more second wireless communication devices, data indicative of a payment request rejection by at least one of the one or more second users. 25. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the routing rule is generated based at least in part on one or more user inputs from the first user to a graphical user interface of the first wireless communication device. 26. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the routing rule further describes an itemized cost of at least one of one or more goods one or more services purchased in the purchase transaction. 27. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the purchase data is received by the first wireless communication device from a computing system associated with a provider of at least one of one or more goods or one or more services of the purchase transaction. 28. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein:
the purchase data is received by the first wireless communication device using a first application; and the one or more payment requests are sent by the first wireless communication device using a second application different and distinct from the first application. 29. The computer-implemented method of claim 28, wherein the routing rule is generated by the first wireless communication device using the first application or the second application. 30. A wireless communications device, comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more tangible, non-transitory, computer readable media that collectively store instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the wireless communication device to perform operations, the operations comprising:
receiving purchase data describing a cost of a purchase transaction associated with a first user associated with the wireless communications device;
generating a routing rule, wherein the routing rule describes one or more second wireless communication devices respectively associated with one or more second users, wherein the routing rule further describes one or more portions of the cost of the purchase transaction respectively assigned to the one or more second users;
sending one or more payment requests to the one or more second wireless communication devices respectively associated with the one or more second users based at least in part on the routing rule. 31. The wireless communications device of claim 30, further comprising
receiving, from at least one of the one or more second wireless communication devices, data indicative of a confirmed payment by at least one of the one or more second users. 32. The wireless communications device of claim 31, further comprising sending, by the wireless communication device, receipt confirmation data to the at least one of the one or more second wireless communication devices. 33. The wireless communications device of claim 30, further comprising:
receiving, from the one or more second wireless communication devices, data indicative of a payment request rejection by at least one of the one or more second users. 34. The wireless communications device of claim 30, wherein the routing rule is generated based at least in part on one or more user inputs from the first user to a graphical user interface of the wireless communication device. 35. The wireless communications device of claim 30, wherein the routing rule further describes an itemized cost of at least one of one or more goods one or more services purchased in the purchase transaction. 36. The wireless communications device of claim 30, wherein the purchase data is received by the wireless communication device from a computing system associated with a provider of at least one of one or more goods or one or more services of the purchase transaction. 37. The wireless communications device of claim 30, wherein:
the purchase data is received by the wireless communication device using a first application; and the one or more payment requests are sent by the wireless communication device using a second application different and distinct from the first application. 38. The wireless communication device of claim 37, wherein the routing rule is generated by the wireless communication device using the first application or the second application. 39. one or more tangible, non-transitory computer readable media storing computer-readable instructions that when executed by one or more processors cause the one or more processors to perform operations, the operations comprising:
receiving purchase data describing a cost of a purchase transaction associated with a first user using a first wireless communication device; generating a routing rule, wherein the routing rule describes one or more second wireless communication devices respectively associated with one or more second users, wherein the routing rule further describes one or more portions of the cost of the purchase transaction respectively assigned to the one or more second users; sending one or more payment requests to the one or more second wireless communication devices respectively associated with the one or more second users based at least in part on the routing rule, 40. The one or more tangible, non-transitory computer readable media of claim 39, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving, from at least one of the one or more second wireless communication devices, data indicative of a confirmed payment by at least one of the one or more second users. | 3,700 |
346,717 | 16,805,184 | 3,783 | Systems and methods for detecting faults in estimator data are provided. In one or more examples, measurements from one or more data sources is received. The received data is used to calculate an innovation which in one or more examples can represent the difference between the received data and an expected value of the data. The innovation can then be used to generate a test statistic which is then accumulated at a plurality of monitors, wherein each monitor of the plurality of monitors is configured to accumulate the test statistic over varying periods of time. The accumulated test statistic at each monitor can be compared against a predefined threshold that is set for each individual monitor. If the accumulated test statistic at any particular monitor is found to be above its corresponding predefined threshold, then the system can alert the user that the received data is likely to be faulty. | 1. A device for detecting and rejecting faulty data in an estimation scheme, the device comprising:
an input configured to receive data; a memory; one or more processors, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute instructions stored on the memory that when executed by the processor, cause the device to: receive one or more measurements from one or more sensors at the input; calculate an innovation based on the one or more received measurements, wherein an innovation is based on the received one or more measurements and an expected value of the one or more received measurements; calculate a test statistic based on the calculated innovation, wherein the calculated test statistic is based on the calculated innovation and noise information about the calculated innovation; accumulate the calculated test statistic at one or more monitors, wherein each of the one or more monitors is configured to accumulate the calculated test statistic over one or more predefined time periods; compare each of the accumulated one or more test statistics of a monitor of the one or more monitors with one or more pre-defined thresholds, wherein each of the one or more pre-defined thresholds corresponds to a monitor of the one or more monitors; and if the one or more of the accumulated test statistics of a monitor is greater than its corresponding pre-defined threshold of the one or more pre-defined thresholds:
alert a user of the device to the presence of a fault with the received one or more measurements. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
if none of the one or more of the accumulated test statistics of a monitor is greater than its corresponding pre-defined threshold of the one or more pre-defined thresholds:
transmit the received one or more estimates to an estimator, wherein the estimator produces an estimate of a value based on previous estimates of the value and one or more measurements received by one or more sensors. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the estimator is a Kalman filter. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the calculated innovation is based on a difference between the one or more received measurements and the expected value of the one or more received measurements. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the noise information about the calculated innovation includes a covariance matrix of the innovation. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the noise information includes a covariance matrix of the innovation, and wherein the test statistic is calculated by multiplying the calculated innovation with the covariance matrix of the innovation. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein each monitor of the one or more monitors accumulates the test statistic over a predefined period of time set by a user of the device. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein each monitor can update the test statistic based on a predefined number of received measurements, and wherein the predefined number of received measurements is set by the user of the device. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the predefined threshold is based on a probability of false alarm, wherein the probability of false alarm represents the probability that the one or more of the accumulated test statistics of a monitor is greater than its corresponding pre-defined threshold of the one or more pre-defined thresholds and the one or more measurements do not contain faults. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the one or more received measurements are received from a GPS transmitter. 11. A method for detecting and rejecting faulty data in an estimation scheme, the method comprising:
receiving one or more measurements from one or more sensors at an input; calculating an innovation based on the one or more received measurements, wherein an innovation is based on the received one or more measurements and an expected value of the one or more received measurements; calculating a test statistic based on the calculated innovation, wherein the calculated test statistic is based on the calculated innovation and noise information about the calculated innovation; accumulating the calculated test statistic at one or more monitors, wherein each of the one or more monitors is configured to accumulate the calculated test statistic over one or more predefined time periods; comparing each of the accumulated one or more test statistics of a monitor of the one or more monitors with one or more pre-defined thresholds, wherein each of the one or more pre-defined thresholds corresponds to a monitor of the one or more monitors; and if the one or more of the accumulated test statistics of a monitor is greater than its corresponding pre-defined threshold of the one or more pre-defined thresholds:
alerting a user of the device to the presence of a fault with the received one or more measurements. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
if none of the one or more of the accumulated test statistics of a monitor is greater than its corresponding pre-defined threshold of the one or more pre-defined thresholds:
transmitting the received one or more estimates to an estimator, wherein the estimator produces an estimate of a value based on previous estimates of the value and one or more measurements received by one or more sensors. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the estimator is a Kalman filter. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the calculated innovation is based on a difference between the one or more received measurements and the expected value of the one or more received measurements. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the noise information about the calculated innovation includes a covariance matrix of the innovation. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the noise information includes a covariance matrix of the innovation, and wherein the test statistic is calculated by multiplying the calculated innovation with the covariance matrix of the innovation. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein each monitor of the one or more monitors accumulates the test statistic over a predefined period of time set by a user of the device. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein each monitor can update the test statistic based on a predefined number of received measurements, and wherein the predefined number of received measurements is set by the user of the device. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the predefined threshold is based on a probability of false alarm, wherein the probability of false alarm represents the probability that the one or more of the accumulated test statistics of a monitor is greater than its corresponding pre-defined threshold of the one or more pre-defined thresholds and the one or more measurements do not contain faults. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more received measurements are received from a GPS transmitter. 21. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions for detecting and rejecting faulty data in an estimation scheme, when executed by the portable electronic device causes the portable electronic device to:
receive one or more measurements from one or more sensors at an input; calculate an innovation based on the one or more received measurements, wherein an innovation is based on the received one or more measurements and an expected value of the one or more received measurements; calculate a test statistic based on the calculated innovation, wherein the calculated test statistic is based on the calculated innovation and noise information about the calculated innovation; accumulate the calculated test statistic at one or more monitors, wherein each of the one or more monitors is configured to accumulate the calculated test statistic over one or more predefined time periods; compare each of the accumulated one or more test statistics of a monitor of the one or more monitors with one or more pre-defined thresholds, wherein each of the one or more pre-defined thresholds corresponds to a monitor of the one or more monitors; and if the one or more of the accumulated test statistics of a monitor is greater than its corresponding pre-defined threshold of the one or more pre-defined thresholds:
alert a user of the device to the presence of a fault with the received one or more measurements. 22. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 21, wherein the device is further caused to:
if none of the one or more of the accumulated test statistics of a monitor is greater than its corresponding pre-defined threshold of the one or more pre-defined thresholds:
transmit the received one or more estimates to an estimator, wherein the estimator produces an estimate of a value based on previous estimates of the value and one or more measurements received by one or more sensors. 23. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein the estimator is a Kalman filter. 24. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 21, wherein the calculated innovation is based on a difference between the one or more received measurements and the expected value of the one or more received measurements. 25. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 21, wherein the noise information about the calculated innovation includes a covariance matrix of the innovation. 26. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 25, wherein the noise information includes a covariance matrix of the innovation, and wherein the test statistic is calculated by multiplying the calculated innovation with the covariance matrix of the innovation. 27. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 21, wherein each monitor of the one or more monitors accumulates the test statistic over a predefined period of time set by a user of the device. 28. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 27, wherein each monitor can update the test statistic based on a predefined number of received measurements, and wherein the predefined number of received measurements is set by the user of the device. 29. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 21, wherein the predefined threshold is based on a probability of false alarm, wherein the probability of false alarm represents the probability that the one or more of the accumulated test statistics of a monitor is greater than its corresponding pre-defined threshold of the one or more pre-defined thresholds and the one or more measurements do not contain faults. 30. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 21, wherein the one or more received measurements are received from a GPS transmitter. | Systems and methods for detecting faults in estimator data are provided. In one or more examples, measurements from one or more data sources is received. The received data is used to calculate an innovation which in one or more examples can represent the difference between the received data and an expected value of the data. The innovation can then be used to generate a test statistic which is then accumulated at a plurality of monitors, wherein each monitor of the plurality of monitors is configured to accumulate the test statistic over varying periods of time. The accumulated test statistic at each monitor can be compared against a predefined threshold that is set for each individual monitor. If the accumulated test statistic at any particular monitor is found to be above its corresponding predefined threshold, then the system can alert the user that the received data is likely to be faulty.1. A device for detecting and rejecting faulty data in an estimation scheme, the device comprising:
an input configured to receive data; a memory; one or more processors, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute instructions stored on the memory that when executed by the processor, cause the device to: receive one or more measurements from one or more sensors at the input; calculate an innovation based on the one or more received measurements, wherein an innovation is based on the received one or more measurements and an expected value of the one or more received measurements; calculate a test statistic based on the calculated innovation, wherein the calculated test statistic is based on the calculated innovation and noise information about the calculated innovation; accumulate the calculated test statistic at one or more monitors, wherein each of the one or more monitors is configured to accumulate the calculated test statistic over one or more predefined time periods; compare each of the accumulated one or more test statistics of a monitor of the one or more monitors with one or more pre-defined thresholds, wherein each of the one or more pre-defined thresholds corresponds to a monitor of the one or more monitors; and if the one or more of the accumulated test statistics of a monitor is greater than its corresponding pre-defined threshold of the one or more pre-defined thresholds:
alert a user of the device to the presence of a fault with the received one or more measurements. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
if none of the one or more of the accumulated test statistics of a monitor is greater than its corresponding pre-defined threshold of the one or more pre-defined thresholds:
transmit the received one or more estimates to an estimator, wherein the estimator produces an estimate of a value based on previous estimates of the value and one or more measurements received by one or more sensors. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the estimator is a Kalman filter. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the calculated innovation is based on a difference between the one or more received measurements and the expected value of the one or more received measurements. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the noise information about the calculated innovation includes a covariance matrix of the innovation. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the noise information includes a covariance matrix of the innovation, and wherein the test statistic is calculated by multiplying the calculated innovation with the covariance matrix of the innovation. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein each monitor of the one or more monitors accumulates the test statistic over a predefined period of time set by a user of the device. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein each monitor can update the test statistic based on a predefined number of received measurements, and wherein the predefined number of received measurements is set by the user of the device. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the predefined threshold is based on a probability of false alarm, wherein the probability of false alarm represents the probability that the one or more of the accumulated test statistics of a monitor is greater than its corresponding pre-defined threshold of the one or more pre-defined thresholds and the one or more measurements do not contain faults. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the one or more received measurements are received from a GPS transmitter. 11. A method for detecting and rejecting faulty data in an estimation scheme, the method comprising:
receiving one or more measurements from one or more sensors at an input; calculating an innovation based on the one or more received measurements, wherein an innovation is based on the received one or more measurements and an expected value of the one or more received measurements; calculating a test statistic based on the calculated innovation, wherein the calculated test statistic is based on the calculated innovation and noise information about the calculated innovation; accumulating the calculated test statistic at one or more monitors, wherein each of the one or more monitors is configured to accumulate the calculated test statistic over one or more predefined time periods; comparing each of the accumulated one or more test statistics of a monitor of the one or more monitors with one or more pre-defined thresholds, wherein each of the one or more pre-defined thresholds corresponds to a monitor of the one or more monitors; and if the one or more of the accumulated test statistics of a monitor is greater than its corresponding pre-defined threshold of the one or more pre-defined thresholds:
alerting a user of the device to the presence of a fault with the received one or more measurements. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
if none of the one or more of the accumulated test statistics of a monitor is greater than its corresponding pre-defined threshold of the one or more pre-defined thresholds:
transmitting the received one or more estimates to an estimator, wherein the estimator produces an estimate of a value based on previous estimates of the value and one or more measurements received by one or more sensors. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the estimator is a Kalman filter. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the calculated innovation is based on a difference between the one or more received measurements and the expected value of the one or more received measurements. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the noise information about the calculated innovation includes a covariance matrix of the innovation. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the noise information includes a covariance matrix of the innovation, and wherein the test statistic is calculated by multiplying the calculated innovation with the covariance matrix of the innovation. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein each monitor of the one or more monitors accumulates the test statistic over a predefined period of time set by a user of the device. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein each monitor can update the test statistic based on a predefined number of received measurements, and wherein the predefined number of received measurements is set by the user of the device. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the predefined threshold is based on a probability of false alarm, wherein the probability of false alarm represents the probability that the one or more of the accumulated test statistics of a monitor is greater than its corresponding pre-defined threshold of the one or more pre-defined thresholds and the one or more measurements do not contain faults. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more received measurements are received from a GPS transmitter. 21. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions for detecting and rejecting faulty data in an estimation scheme, when executed by the portable electronic device causes the portable electronic device to:
receive one or more measurements from one or more sensors at an input; calculate an innovation based on the one or more received measurements, wherein an innovation is based on the received one or more measurements and an expected value of the one or more received measurements; calculate a test statistic based on the calculated innovation, wherein the calculated test statistic is based on the calculated innovation and noise information about the calculated innovation; accumulate the calculated test statistic at one or more monitors, wherein each of the one or more monitors is configured to accumulate the calculated test statistic over one or more predefined time periods; compare each of the accumulated one or more test statistics of a monitor of the one or more monitors with one or more pre-defined thresholds, wherein each of the one or more pre-defined thresholds corresponds to a monitor of the one or more monitors; and if the one or more of the accumulated test statistics of a monitor is greater than its corresponding pre-defined threshold of the one or more pre-defined thresholds:
alert a user of the device to the presence of a fault with the received one or more measurements. 22. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 21, wherein the device is further caused to:
if none of the one or more of the accumulated test statistics of a monitor is greater than its corresponding pre-defined threshold of the one or more pre-defined thresholds:
transmit the received one or more estimates to an estimator, wherein the estimator produces an estimate of a value based on previous estimates of the value and one or more measurements received by one or more sensors. 23. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein the estimator is a Kalman filter. 24. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 21, wherein the calculated innovation is based on a difference between the one or more received measurements and the expected value of the one or more received measurements. 25. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 21, wherein the noise information about the calculated innovation includes a covariance matrix of the innovation. 26. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 25, wherein the noise information includes a covariance matrix of the innovation, and wherein the test statistic is calculated by multiplying the calculated innovation with the covariance matrix of the innovation. 27. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 21, wherein each monitor of the one or more monitors accumulates the test statistic over a predefined period of time set by a user of the device. 28. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 27, wherein each monitor can update the test statistic based on a predefined number of received measurements, and wherein the predefined number of received measurements is set by the user of the device. 29. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 21, wherein the predefined threshold is based on a probability of false alarm, wherein the probability of false alarm represents the probability that the one or more of the accumulated test statistics of a monitor is greater than its corresponding pre-defined threshold of the one or more pre-defined thresholds and the one or more measurements do not contain faults. 30. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 21, wherein the one or more received measurements are received from a GPS transmitter. | 3,700 |
346,718 | 16,805,148 | 3,783 | A self-authenticating credit card includes an input device for entering a PIN. The PIN is accepted by a micro-controller that uses the entered PIN as an encryption key for decrypting stored account information. A portion of the account information includes data, that when decrypted, contains an image that is rendered on an integral display, with account information sent to a transaction terminal. A timer is used to limit access to account data while in the unlocked state. | 1. A self-authenticating credit card comprising:
an input device; a micro-controller coupled to the input device, said micro-controller having a non-volatile memory and an encryption/decryption engine, the non-volatile memory being configured for storing an encrypted account number, a reference data string, and an encrypted reference data string, wherein the account number is not stored in clear form in the self-authenticating credit card while the self-authenticating credit card is locked, wherein the account number and the reference data string are encrypted with a correct PIN; wherein said micro-controller is configured to:
receive a user PIN from the input device;
decrypt using the received user PIN, the encrypted reference data string and the encrypted account number to convert the stored encrypted account number to clear form;
unlock access to the account number when the decrypting of the encrypted reference data string is equal to the reference data string stored in the non-volatile memory; and
based on the unlock of access, make the account number available in clear form to a transaction terminal. 2. The self-authenticating credit card as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
an RF transponder, coupled to the micro-controller, configured to transmit the account number to the transaction terminal when access to the account number is unlocked. 3. The self-authenticating credit card as claimed in claim 2, wherein said micro-controller is further configured to:
receive the account number from a banking institution via the RF transponder; encrypt, by the encryption/decryption engine, the account number; and store the encrypted account number in the non-volatile memory. 4. The self-authenticating credit card as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
a display, coupled to the micro-controller, configured to show the account number in clear form when access to the account number is unlocked. 5. The self-authenticating credit card as recited in claim 4, wherein said micro-controller is configured to transfer, based on the unlock of access, the account number to the display and enable transmission of the account number in clear form to the transaction terminal. 6. The self-authenticating credit card as claimed in claim 4, wherein the non-volatile memory is further configured to store a photograph of an account holder, wherein the photograph of the account holder is transmitted to the display when access to the account number is unlocked. 7. The self-authenticating credit card as recited in claim 1, wherein access to the account number is locked until a correct PIN is received. 8. The self-authenticating credit card as claimed in claim 1, wherein said micro-controller is further configured to receive a Previously Presented PIN, while access is unlocked, wherein the Previously Presented PIN is used as an encryption key to encrypt the account number and the reference data string for storage in the non-volatile memory, such that a user can make the Previously Presented PIN become the correct PIN. 9. The self-authenticating credit card as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an indicator for providing a visual indication when access is unlocked. 10. A method comprising:
receiving, by a micro-controller in a self-authenticating credit card, a user PIN from an input device, said micro-controller having a non-volatile memory and an encryption/decryption engine, the non-volatile memory being configured for storing an encrypted account number, a reference data string, and an encrypted reference data string, wherein the account number and the reference data string are encrypted with a correct PIN; decrypting, using the received user PIN, the encrypted reference data string and the encrypted account number to convert the stored encrypted account number to clear form; unlocking access to the account number when the decrypting of the encrypted reference data string is equal to the reference data string stored in the non-volatile memory; and based on the unlocking access, making the account number available in clear form to a transaction terminal. 11. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein the self-authenticating credit card further comprises an RF transponder and a display. 12. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein making the account number available further comprises:
transferring the account number to a display and enabling transmission of the account number to the transaction terminal via the RF transponder. 13. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein access to the account number is locked until the correct PIN is received, wherein the account number is not stored in clear form in the self-authenticating credit card while the self-authenticating credit card is locked, wherein the account number may not be obtained by fraudulent access to the non-volatile memory while the self-authenticating credit card is locked. 14. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein said micro-controller is further configured to receive a Previously Presented PIN, while access is unlocked, wherein the Previously Presented PIN is used as an encryption key to encrypt the account number and the reference data string for storage in the non-volatile memory, such that a user can make the Previously Presented PIN become the correct PIN. 15. The method as recited in claim 10, further comprising:
providing a visual indication in the self-authenticating credit card when access is unlocked. 16. The method as recited in claim 10, further comprising:
receiving the account number from a banking institution via an RF transponder; encrypting, by the encryption/decryption engine, the account number; and storing the encrypted account number in the non-volatile memory. 17. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium including instructions that, when executed by a machine, cause the machine to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by a micro-controller in a self-authenticating credit card, a user PIN from an input device, said micro-controller having a non-volatile memory and an encryption/decryption engine, the non-volatile memory being configured for storing an encrypted account number, a reference data string, and an encrypted reference data string, wherein the account number and the reference data string are encrypted with a correct PIN; decrypting, using the received user PIN, the encrypted reference data string and the encrypted account number to convert the stored encrypted account number to clear form; unlocking access to the account number when the decrypting of the encrypted reference data string is equal to the reference data string stored in the non-volatile memory; and based on the unlocking access, making the account number available in clear form to a transaction terminal. 18. The machine-readable storage medium as recited in claim 17, wherein the self-authenticating credit card further comprises an RF transponder and a display. 19. The machine-readable storage medium as recited in claim 17, wherein access to the account number is locked until a correct PIN is received, wherein the account number is not stored in clear form in the self-authenticating credit card while the self-authenticating credit card is locked, wherein the account number may not be obtained by fraudulent access to the non-volatile memory while the self-authenticating credit card is locked. 20. The machine-readable storage medium as recited in claim 17, wherein the machine further performs operations comprising:
receiving the account number from a banking institution via an RF transponder; encrypting, by the encryption/decryption engine, the account number; and storing the encrypted account number in the non-volatile memory. | A self-authenticating credit card includes an input device for entering a PIN. The PIN is accepted by a micro-controller that uses the entered PIN as an encryption key for decrypting stored account information. A portion of the account information includes data, that when decrypted, contains an image that is rendered on an integral display, with account information sent to a transaction terminal. A timer is used to limit access to account data while in the unlocked state.1. A self-authenticating credit card comprising:
an input device; a micro-controller coupled to the input device, said micro-controller having a non-volatile memory and an encryption/decryption engine, the non-volatile memory being configured for storing an encrypted account number, a reference data string, and an encrypted reference data string, wherein the account number is not stored in clear form in the self-authenticating credit card while the self-authenticating credit card is locked, wherein the account number and the reference data string are encrypted with a correct PIN; wherein said micro-controller is configured to:
receive a user PIN from the input device;
decrypt using the received user PIN, the encrypted reference data string and the encrypted account number to convert the stored encrypted account number to clear form;
unlock access to the account number when the decrypting of the encrypted reference data string is equal to the reference data string stored in the non-volatile memory; and
based on the unlock of access, make the account number available in clear form to a transaction terminal. 2. The self-authenticating credit card as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
an RF transponder, coupled to the micro-controller, configured to transmit the account number to the transaction terminal when access to the account number is unlocked. 3. The self-authenticating credit card as claimed in claim 2, wherein said micro-controller is further configured to:
receive the account number from a banking institution via the RF transponder; encrypt, by the encryption/decryption engine, the account number; and store the encrypted account number in the non-volatile memory. 4. The self-authenticating credit card as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
a display, coupled to the micro-controller, configured to show the account number in clear form when access to the account number is unlocked. 5. The self-authenticating credit card as recited in claim 4, wherein said micro-controller is configured to transfer, based on the unlock of access, the account number to the display and enable transmission of the account number in clear form to the transaction terminal. 6. The self-authenticating credit card as claimed in claim 4, wherein the non-volatile memory is further configured to store a photograph of an account holder, wherein the photograph of the account holder is transmitted to the display when access to the account number is unlocked. 7. The self-authenticating credit card as recited in claim 1, wherein access to the account number is locked until a correct PIN is received. 8. The self-authenticating credit card as claimed in claim 1, wherein said micro-controller is further configured to receive a Previously Presented PIN, while access is unlocked, wherein the Previously Presented PIN is used as an encryption key to encrypt the account number and the reference data string for storage in the non-volatile memory, such that a user can make the Previously Presented PIN become the correct PIN. 9. The self-authenticating credit card as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an indicator for providing a visual indication when access is unlocked. 10. A method comprising:
receiving, by a micro-controller in a self-authenticating credit card, a user PIN from an input device, said micro-controller having a non-volatile memory and an encryption/decryption engine, the non-volatile memory being configured for storing an encrypted account number, a reference data string, and an encrypted reference data string, wherein the account number and the reference data string are encrypted with a correct PIN; decrypting, using the received user PIN, the encrypted reference data string and the encrypted account number to convert the stored encrypted account number to clear form; unlocking access to the account number when the decrypting of the encrypted reference data string is equal to the reference data string stored in the non-volatile memory; and based on the unlocking access, making the account number available in clear form to a transaction terminal. 11. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein the self-authenticating credit card further comprises an RF transponder and a display. 12. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein making the account number available further comprises:
transferring the account number to a display and enabling transmission of the account number to the transaction terminal via the RF transponder. 13. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein access to the account number is locked until the correct PIN is received, wherein the account number is not stored in clear form in the self-authenticating credit card while the self-authenticating credit card is locked, wherein the account number may not be obtained by fraudulent access to the non-volatile memory while the self-authenticating credit card is locked. 14. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein said micro-controller is further configured to receive a Previously Presented PIN, while access is unlocked, wherein the Previously Presented PIN is used as an encryption key to encrypt the account number and the reference data string for storage in the non-volatile memory, such that a user can make the Previously Presented PIN become the correct PIN. 15. The method as recited in claim 10, further comprising:
providing a visual indication in the self-authenticating credit card when access is unlocked. 16. The method as recited in claim 10, further comprising:
receiving the account number from a banking institution via an RF transponder; encrypting, by the encryption/decryption engine, the account number; and storing the encrypted account number in the non-volatile memory. 17. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium including instructions that, when executed by a machine, cause the machine to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by a micro-controller in a self-authenticating credit card, a user PIN from an input device, said micro-controller having a non-volatile memory and an encryption/decryption engine, the non-volatile memory being configured for storing an encrypted account number, a reference data string, and an encrypted reference data string, wherein the account number and the reference data string are encrypted with a correct PIN; decrypting, using the received user PIN, the encrypted reference data string and the encrypted account number to convert the stored encrypted account number to clear form; unlocking access to the account number when the decrypting of the encrypted reference data string is equal to the reference data string stored in the non-volatile memory; and based on the unlocking access, making the account number available in clear form to a transaction terminal. 18. The machine-readable storage medium as recited in claim 17, wherein the self-authenticating credit card further comprises an RF transponder and a display. 19. The machine-readable storage medium as recited in claim 17, wherein access to the account number is locked until a correct PIN is received, wherein the account number is not stored in clear form in the self-authenticating credit card while the self-authenticating credit card is locked, wherein the account number may not be obtained by fraudulent access to the non-volatile memory while the self-authenticating credit card is locked. 20. The machine-readable storage medium as recited in claim 17, wherein the machine further performs operations comprising:
receiving the account number from a banking institution via an RF transponder; encrypting, by the encryption/decryption engine, the account number; and storing the encrypted account number in the non-volatile memory. | 3,700 |
346,719 | 16,805,207 | 3,783 | A motor driven power steering system includes: a power source for generating a steering assistance force assisting the steering of a vehicle; a transfer gear positioned between a power source and a column for transferring the steering assistance force generated by the power source to the column; a parameter estimation unit for estimating a friction parameter of a dynamic friction model based on the actual friction torque actually generated in the transfer gear; and a state estimation unit for calculating a state variable of the dynamic friction model based on a contact surface moving speed of the transfer gear and for estimating expected friction torque according to the dynamic friction model by using the calculated state variable and the friction parameter of the dynamic friction model estimated by the parameter estimation unit. | 1. A motor driven power steering system, comprising:
a power source for generating a steering assistance force assisting the steering of a vehicle; a transfer gear positioned between the power source and a column for transferring the steering assistance force generated by the power source to the column; a parameter estimation unit for estimating a friction parameter of a dynamic friction model based on the actual friction torque actually generated in the transfer gear; and a state estimation unit for calculating a state variable of the dynamic friction model based on a contact surface moving speed of the transfer gear, and estimating expected friction torque according to the dynamic friction model by using the calculated state variable and the friction parameter of the dynamic friction model estimated by the parameter estimation unit. 2. The motor driven power steering system according to claim 1,
wherein the parameter estimation unit estimates the friction parameter of the dynamic friction model by using the contact surface moving speed of the transfer gear, the state variable of the state estimation unit, and the actual friction torque. 3. The motor driven power steering system according to claim 1,
wherein the state estimation unit calculates the state variable of the dynamic friction model by using a previously stored friction torque map according to the contact surface moving speed of the transfer gear. 4. The motor driven power steering system according to claim 1,
wherein the dynamic friction model is a LuGre friction model comprising static friction, kinetic friction, and viscous friction, and wherein the friction parameter comprises a stiffness friction parameter, a damping friction parameter, and a viscous friction parameter. 5. The motor driven power steering system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a control torque calculator for calculating a control torque of the power source based on a required steering angle and a required steering angular speed; and a power source controller for controlling the power source by reflecting the expected friction torque estimated by the state estimation unit to the control torque of the power source calculated by the control torque calculator. 6. The motor driven power steering system according to claim 5, further comprising a disturbance compensator for calculating a difference between the actual friction torque and the expected friction torque estimated by the state estimation unit, and compensating the calculated difference for the control torque. 7. A control method for controlling a motor driven power steering system of claim 1, the control method comprising:
estimating a friction parameter of a dynamic friction model based on the actual friction torque actually generated in a transfer gear; calculating a state variable of the dynamic friction model based on a contact surface moving speed of the transfer gear; and estimating an expected friction torque according to the dynamic friction model by using the calculated state variable of the dynamic friction model and the estimated friction parameter of the dynamic friction model. 8. The control method according to claim 7,
wherein the estimating of the friction parameter of the dynamic friction model estimates the friction parameter of the dynamic friction model by using the contact surface moving speed of the transfer gear, the state variable of the dynamic friction model, and the actual friction torque. 9. The control method according to claim 8,
wherein the estimating of the friction parameter of the dynamic friction model estimates a friction parameter that minimizes an error between the actual friction torque and the expected friction torque. 10. The control method according to claim 7,
wherein the calculating of the state variable of the dynamic friction model calculates the state variable of the dynamic friction model by using a previously stored friction torque map according to a contact surface moving speed of the transfer gear. 11. The control method according to claim 7,
wherein the dynamic friction model is a LuGre friction model comprising static friction, kinetic friction, and viscous friction, and the friction parameter comprises a stiffness friction parameter, a damping friction parameter, and a viscous friction parameter. 12. The control method according to claim 7, further comprising:
calculating the control torque of a power source based on a required steering angle or a required steering angular speed, after the estimating of the expected friction torque; and controlling the power source by reflecting the expected friction torque estimated by a state estimation unit to the calculated control torque of the power source. 13. The control method according to claim 12, further comprising compensating a difference between the actual friction torque and the expected friction torque estimated by the state estimation unit for the control torque, before the controlling of the power source. | A motor driven power steering system includes: a power source for generating a steering assistance force assisting the steering of a vehicle; a transfer gear positioned between a power source and a column for transferring the steering assistance force generated by the power source to the column; a parameter estimation unit for estimating a friction parameter of a dynamic friction model based on the actual friction torque actually generated in the transfer gear; and a state estimation unit for calculating a state variable of the dynamic friction model based on a contact surface moving speed of the transfer gear and for estimating expected friction torque according to the dynamic friction model by using the calculated state variable and the friction parameter of the dynamic friction model estimated by the parameter estimation unit.1. A motor driven power steering system, comprising:
a power source for generating a steering assistance force assisting the steering of a vehicle; a transfer gear positioned between the power source and a column for transferring the steering assistance force generated by the power source to the column; a parameter estimation unit for estimating a friction parameter of a dynamic friction model based on the actual friction torque actually generated in the transfer gear; and a state estimation unit for calculating a state variable of the dynamic friction model based on a contact surface moving speed of the transfer gear, and estimating expected friction torque according to the dynamic friction model by using the calculated state variable and the friction parameter of the dynamic friction model estimated by the parameter estimation unit. 2. The motor driven power steering system according to claim 1,
wherein the parameter estimation unit estimates the friction parameter of the dynamic friction model by using the contact surface moving speed of the transfer gear, the state variable of the state estimation unit, and the actual friction torque. 3. The motor driven power steering system according to claim 1,
wherein the state estimation unit calculates the state variable of the dynamic friction model by using a previously stored friction torque map according to the contact surface moving speed of the transfer gear. 4. The motor driven power steering system according to claim 1,
wherein the dynamic friction model is a LuGre friction model comprising static friction, kinetic friction, and viscous friction, and wherein the friction parameter comprises a stiffness friction parameter, a damping friction parameter, and a viscous friction parameter. 5. The motor driven power steering system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a control torque calculator for calculating a control torque of the power source based on a required steering angle and a required steering angular speed; and a power source controller for controlling the power source by reflecting the expected friction torque estimated by the state estimation unit to the control torque of the power source calculated by the control torque calculator. 6. The motor driven power steering system according to claim 5, further comprising a disturbance compensator for calculating a difference between the actual friction torque and the expected friction torque estimated by the state estimation unit, and compensating the calculated difference for the control torque. 7. A control method for controlling a motor driven power steering system of claim 1, the control method comprising:
estimating a friction parameter of a dynamic friction model based on the actual friction torque actually generated in a transfer gear; calculating a state variable of the dynamic friction model based on a contact surface moving speed of the transfer gear; and estimating an expected friction torque according to the dynamic friction model by using the calculated state variable of the dynamic friction model and the estimated friction parameter of the dynamic friction model. 8. The control method according to claim 7,
wherein the estimating of the friction parameter of the dynamic friction model estimates the friction parameter of the dynamic friction model by using the contact surface moving speed of the transfer gear, the state variable of the dynamic friction model, and the actual friction torque. 9. The control method according to claim 8,
wherein the estimating of the friction parameter of the dynamic friction model estimates a friction parameter that minimizes an error between the actual friction torque and the expected friction torque. 10. The control method according to claim 7,
wherein the calculating of the state variable of the dynamic friction model calculates the state variable of the dynamic friction model by using a previously stored friction torque map according to a contact surface moving speed of the transfer gear. 11. The control method according to claim 7,
wherein the dynamic friction model is a LuGre friction model comprising static friction, kinetic friction, and viscous friction, and the friction parameter comprises a stiffness friction parameter, a damping friction parameter, and a viscous friction parameter. 12. The control method according to claim 7, further comprising:
calculating the control torque of a power source based on a required steering angle or a required steering angular speed, after the estimating of the expected friction torque; and controlling the power source by reflecting the expected friction torque estimated by a state estimation unit to the calculated control torque of the power source. 13. The control method according to claim 12, further comprising compensating a difference between the actual friction torque and the expected friction torque estimated by the state estimation unit for the control torque, before the controlling of the power source. | 3,700 |
346,720 | 16,805,170 | 3,783 | Systems and methods are disclosed for managing electronic communications. According to certain embodiments, an enterprise directory is provided for listing a plurality of enterprises. In one embodiment, the enterprise directory may include an enterprise profile for each enterprise identifying, among other things, a mode of communication for the enterprise. Enterprises that wish to communicate with one another may form partnerships with one another. In one embodiment, a partnership may be formed between two enterprises when one enterprise accepts a partnership request submitted by the other enterprise. Information regarding partnerships between enterprises may be stored in a database. Further, an enterprise user may request to electronically communicate (e.g., via IM, voice, or email) with a user associated with a different enterprise. Users associated with different enterprises may be allowed to communicate electronically with one another if their respective enterprises are in a partnership with one another. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A computer-implemented method for managing electronic communications, the method comprising:
receiving, at a gateway server, a partnership request from a source enterprise, the partnership request identifying a target enterprise as a potential partner, the source enterprise associated with a first domain and the target enterprise associated with a second domain, the gateway server associated with a clearinghouse, the gateway server configured to facilitate communication between the source enterprise and the target enterprise; receiving a response from the target enterprise, the response specifying whether the target enterprise accepts the received partnership request and at least one approved mode of communication in which a source user associated with the source enterprise and a target user associated with the target enterprise can use to communicate; receiving a request from the source user having a first mode of communication to electronically communicate with the target user having a second mode of communication; and enabling electronic communications between the source user and the target user. 22. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the first communication protocol and the second communication protocol are selected from a group consisting of extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), session initiation protocol (SIP), and open system for communication in realtime (OSCAR) protocol. 23. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the gateway server is configured to identify the first domain and the second domain to verify a partnership between the source enterprise and the target enterprise, and wherein an indication of the verified partnership is stored in a database. 24. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the first mode of communication is at least one of instant messaging and voice. 25. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein a first communications protocol used by the source user and a second communications protocol used by the target user are different communications protocols. 26. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, further comprising:
providing a user directory, wherein the user directory lists a plurality of enterprise users; and enabling electronic communications between the at least two of the plurality of enterprise users. 27. The computer-implemented method of claim 26, wherein enabling electronic communications between the source user and the target user includes translating communications between open system for communication in realtime (OSCAR) protocol and at least one of extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP) and session initiation protocol (SIP). 28. A system for managing communications among enterprises through a clearinghouse, the system comprising:
a database; and a gateway server comprising at least one processor in communication with the database and configured to: receive, at the gateway server, a partnership request from a source enterprise, the partnership request identifying a target enterprise as a potential partner, the source enterprise associated with a first domain and the target enterprise associated with a second domain, the gateway server associated with a clearinghouse, the gateway server configured to facilitate communication between the source enterprise and the target enterprise; receive a response from the target enterprise, the response specifying whether the target enterprise accepts the received partnership request and at least one approved mode of communication in which a source user associated with the source enterprise and a target user associated with the target enterprise can use to communicate; receive a request from the source user having a first mode of communication to electronically communicate with the target user having a second mode of communication; and enable electronic communications between the source user and the target user. 29. The system of claim 28, wherein the gateway server is configured to identify the first domain and the second domain to verify a partnership between the source enterprise and the target enterprise, and wherein an indication of the verified partnership is stored in the database. 30. The system of claim 28, wherein the at least one processor is further adapted to:
provide a user directory, wherein the user directory lists a plurality of enterprise users; and enable communications between the at least two of the plurality of enterprise users. 31. The system of claim 28, wherein enabling electronic communications between the at least two enterprise users comprises translating communications between open system for communication in realtime (OSCAR) protocol and at least one of extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP) and session initiation protocol (SIP). 32. The system of claim 28, wherein enabling electronic communications between the source user and the target user comprises enabling at least one of instant messaging and voice communications between the source user and the target user. 33. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that comprises a set of instructions that are executable by at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to perform a method for managing electronic communications, the method comprising:
receiving, at a gateway server, a partnership request from a source enterprise, the partnership request identifying a target enterprise as a potential partner, the source enterprise associated with a first domain and the target enterprise associated with a second domain, the gateway server associated with a clearinghouse, the gateway server configured to facilitate communication between the source enterprise and the target enterprise; receiving a response from the target enterprise, the response specifying whether the target enterprise accepts the received partnership request and at least one approved mode of communication in which a source user associated with the source enterprise and a target user associated with the target enterprise can use to communicate; receiving a request from the source user having a first mode of communication to electronically communicate with the target user having a second mode of communication; and enabling electronic communications between the source user and the target user. 34. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 33, wherein the gateway server is configured to identify the first domain and the second domain to verify a partnership between the source enterprise and the target enterprise, and wherein an indication of the verified partnership is stored in a database. 35. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 33, wherein enabling electronic communications between the source user and the target user comprises enabling at least one of instant messaging and voice communications between the source user and the target user. 36. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 33, wherein the at least one processor is further adapted to perform the following operations:
providing a user directory, wherein the user directory lists a plurality of enterprise users; and enabling communications between the at least two of the plurality of enterprise users. 37. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 36, wherein enabling electronic communications between the at least two enterprise users comprises translating communications between open system for communication in realtime (OSCAR) protocol and at least one of extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP) and session initiation protocol (SIP). | Systems and methods are disclosed for managing electronic communications. According to certain embodiments, an enterprise directory is provided for listing a plurality of enterprises. In one embodiment, the enterprise directory may include an enterprise profile for each enterprise identifying, among other things, a mode of communication for the enterprise. Enterprises that wish to communicate with one another may form partnerships with one another. In one embodiment, a partnership may be formed between two enterprises when one enterprise accepts a partnership request submitted by the other enterprise. Information regarding partnerships between enterprises may be stored in a database. Further, an enterprise user may request to electronically communicate (e.g., via IM, voice, or email) with a user associated with a different enterprise. Users associated with different enterprises may be allowed to communicate electronically with one another if their respective enterprises are in a partnership with one another.1-20. (canceled) 21. A computer-implemented method for managing electronic communications, the method comprising:
receiving, at a gateway server, a partnership request from a source enterprise, the partnership request identifying a target enterprise as a potential partner, the source enterprise associated with a first domain and the target enterprise associated with a second domain, the gateway server associated with a clearinghouse, the gateway server configured to facilitate communication between the source enterprise and the target enterprise; receiving a response from the target enterprise, the response specifying whether the target enterprise accepts the received partnership request and at least one approved mode of communication in which a source user associated with the source enterprise and a target user associated with the target enterprise can use to communicate; receiving a request from the source user having a first mode of communication to electronically communicate with the target user having a second mode of communication; and enabling electronic communications between the source user and the target user. 22. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the first communication protocol and the second communication protocol are selected from a group consisting of extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), session initiation protocol (SIP), and open system for communication in realtime (OSCAR) protocol. 23. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the gateway server is configured to identify the first domain and the second domain to verify a partnership between the source enterprise and the target enterprise, and wherein an indication of the verified partnership is stored in a database. 24. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the first mode of communication is at least one of instant messaging and voice. 25. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein a first communications protocol used by the source user and a second communications protocol used by the target user are different communications protocols. 26. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, further comprising:
providing a user directory, wherein the user directory lists a plurality of enterprise users; and enabling electronic communications between the at least two of the plurality of enterprise users. 27. The computer-implemented method of claim 26, wherein enabling electronic communications between the source user and the target user includes translating communications between open system for communication in realtime (OSCAR) protocol and at least one of extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP) and session initiation protocol (SIP). 28. A system for managing communications among enterprises through a clearinghouse, the system comprising:
a database; and a gateway server comprising at least one processor in communication with the database and configured to: receive, at the gateway server, a partnership request from a source enterprise, the partnership request identifying a target enterprise as a potential partner, the source enterprise associated with a first domain and the target enterprise associated with a second domain, the gateway server associated with a clearinghouse, the gateway server configured to facilitate communication between the source enterprise and the target enterprise; receive a response from the target enterprise, the response specifying whether the target enterprise accepts the received partnership request and at least one approved mode of communication in which a source user associated with the source enterprise and a target user associated with the target enterprise can use to communicate; receive a request from the source user having a first mode of communication to electronically communicate with the target user having a second mode of communication; and enable electronic communications between the source user and the target user. 29. The system of claim 28, wherein the gateway server is configured to identify the first domain and the second domain to verify a partnership between the source enterprise and the target enterprise, and wherein an indication of the verified partnership is stored in the database. 30. The system of claim 28, wherein the at least one processor is further adapted to:
provide a user directory, wherein the user directory lists a plurality of enterprise users; and enable communications between the at least two of the plurality of enterprise users. 31. The system of claim 28, wherein enabling electronic communications between the at least two enterprise users comprises translating communications between open system for communication in realtime (OSCAR) protocol and at least one of extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP) and session initiation protocol (SIP). 32. The system of claim 28, wherein enabling electronic communications between the source user and the target user comprises enabling at least one of instant messaging and voice communications between the source user and the target user. 33. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that comprises a set of instructions that are executable by at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to perform a method for managing electronic communications, the method comprising:
receiving, at a gateway server, a partnership request from a source enterprise, the partnership request identifying a target enterprise as a potential partner, the source enterprise associated with a first domain and the target enterprise associated with a second domain, the gateway server associated with a clearinghouse, the gateway server configured to facilitate communication between the source enterprise and the target enterprise; receiving a response from the target enterprise, the response specifying whether the target enterprise accepts the received partnership request and at least one approved mode of communication in which a source user associated with the source enterprise and a target user associated with the target enterprise can use to communicate; receiving a request from the source user having a first mode of communication to electronically communicate with the target user having a second mode of communication; and enabling electronic communications between the source user and the target user. 34. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 33, wherein the gateway server is configured to identify the first domain and the second domain to verify a partnership between the source enterprise and the target enterprise, and wherein an indication of the verified partnership is stored in a database. 35. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 33, wherein enabling electronic communications between the source user and the target user comprises enabling at least one of instant messaging and voice communications between the source user and the target user. 36. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 33, wherein the at least one processor is further adapted to perform the following operations:
providing a user directory, wherein the user directory lists a plurality of enterprise users; and enabling communications between the at least two of the plurality of enterprise users. 37. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 36, wherein enabling electronic communications between the at least two enterprise users comprises translating communications between open system for communication in realtime (OSCAR) protocol and at least one of extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP) and session initiation protocol (SIP). | 3,700 |
346,721 | 16,805,157 | 3,783 | A system and method of calibrating moving cameras capturing a sporting event is disclosed herein. A computing system retrieves a broadcast video feed for a sporting event. The broadcast video feed includes a plurality of video frames. The computing system labels, via a neural network, components of a playing surface captured in each video frame. The computing system matches a subset of labeled video frames to a set of templates with various camera perspectives. The computing system fits a playing surface model to the set of labeled video frames that were matched to the set of templates. The computing system identifies camera motion in each video frame using an optical flow model. The computing system generates a homography matrix for each video frame based on the fitted playing surface model and camera motion. The computing system calibrates each camera based on the homography matrix generated for each video frame. | 1. A method of calibrating moving cameras capturing a sporting event, comprising:
retrieving, by a computing system, a broadcast video feed for a sporting event, the broadcast video feed comprising a plurality of video frames; labeling, by the computing system via a neural network, components of a playing surface captured in each video frame; matching, by the computing system, a subset of labeled video frames to a set of templates with various camera perspectives; fitting, by the computing system, a playing surface model to the set of labeled video frames that were matched to the set of templates; identifying, by the computing system, camera motion in each video frame using an optical flow model; generating, by the computing system, a homography matrix for each video frame based on the fitted playing surface model and camera motion; and calibrating, by the computing system, each camera based on the homography matrix generated for each video frame. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying, by the computing system, camera motion in each video frame using the optical flow model, comprises:
generating, for each video frame of the plurality of video frames, body pose information for each player in each video frame; and removing each player from each video frame based on the body pose information. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein removing each player from each video frame based on the body pose information, comprises:
identifying one or more pixels corresponding to a player in a video frame based on the body pose information; and removing the identified one or more pixels from the video frame. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein retrieving, by the computing system, the broadcast video feed for the sporting event comprises:
identifying, from the plurality of video frames, a set of trackable video frames, wherein each trackable video frame in the set of trackable captures a same perspective of the playing surface. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein fitting, by the computing system, the playing surface model to the set of labeled video frames that were matched to the set of templates generates a set of keyframes. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein generating, by the computing system, the homography matrix for each video frame based on the fitted playing surface model and camera motion comprises:
training a neural network to generate a homography matrix for each video frame based on a plurality of keyframes and flow fields associated with camera motion between successive video frames. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein calibrating, by the computing system, each camera based on the homography matrix generated for each video frame comprises:
projecting player coordinates in each video frame to real-world coordinates based on the homography matrix of each video frame. 8. A system for calibrating moving cameras capturing a sporting event, comprising:
a processor; and a memory having programming instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by the processor, performs one or more operations, comprising:
retrieving a broadcast video feed for a sporting event, the broadcast video feed comprising a plurality of video frames;
labeling, via a neural network, components of a playing surface captured in each video frame;
matching a subset of labeled video frames to a set of templates with various camera perspectives;
fitting a playing surface model to the set of labeled video frames that were matched to the set of templates;
identifying camera motion in each video frame using an optical flow model;
generating a homography matrix for each video frame based on the fitted playing surface model and camera motion; and
calibrating each camera based on the homography matrix generated for each video frame. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein identifying camera motion in each video frame using the optical flow model, comprises:
generating, for each video frame of the plurality of video frames, body pose information for each player in each video frame; and removing each player from each video frame based on the body pose information. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein removing each player from each video frame based on the body pose information, comprises:
identifying one or more pixels corresponding to a player in a video frame based on the body pose information; and removing the identified one or more pixels from the video frame. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein retrieving the broadcast video feed for the sporting event comprises:
identifying, from the plurality of video frames, a set of trackable video frames, wherein each trackable video frame in the set of trackable captures a same perspective of the playing surface. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein fitting the playing surface model to the set of labeled video frames that were matched to the set of templates generates a set of keyframes. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein generating the homography matrix for each video frame based on the fitted playing surface model and camera motion comprises:
training a neural network to generate a homography matrix for each video frame based on a plurality of keyframes and flow fields associated with camera motion between successive video frames. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein calibrating each camera based on the homography matrix generated for each video frame comprises:
projecting player coordinates in each video frame to real-world coordinates based on the homography matrix of each video frame. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium including one or more sequences of instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, perform one or more operations comprising:
retrieving, by a computing system, a broadcast video feed for a sporting event, the broadcast video feed comprising a plurality of video frames; labeling, by the computing system via a neural network, components of a playing surface captured in each video frame; matching, by the computing system, a subset of labeled video frames to a set of templates with various camera perspectives; fitting, by the computing system, a playing surface model to the set of labeled video frames that were matched to the set of templates; identifying, by the computing system, camera motion in each video frame using an optical flow model; generating, by the computing system, a homography matrix for each video frame based on the fitted playing surface model and camera motion; and calibrating, by the computing system, each camera based on the homography matrix generated for each video frame. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein identifying, by the computing system, camera motion in each video frame using the optical flow model, comprises:
generating, for each video frame of the plurality of video frames, body pose information for each player in each video frame; and removing each player from each video frame based on the body pose information. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein removing each player from each video frame based on the body pose information, comprises:
identifying one or more pixels corresponding to a player in a video frame based on the body pose information; and removing the identified one or more pixels from the video frame. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein fitting, by the computing system, the playing surface model to the set of labeled video frames that were matched to the set of templates generates a set of keyframes. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein generating, by the computing system, the homography matrix for each video frame based on the fitted playing surface model and camera motion comprises:
training a neural network to generate a homography matrix for each video frame based on a plurality of keyframes and flow fields associated with camera motion between successive video frames. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein calibrating, by the computing system, each camera based on the homography matrix generated for each video frame comprises:
projecting player coordinates in each video frame to real-world coordinates based on the homography matrix of each video frame. | A system and method of calibrating moving cameras capturing a sporting event is disclosed herein. A computing system retrieves a broadcast video feed for a sporting event. The broadcast video feed includes a plurality of video frames. The computing system labels, via a neural network, components of a playing surface captured in each video frame. The computing system matches a subset of labeled video frames to a set of templates with various camera perspectives. The computing system fits a playing surface model to the set of labeled video frames that were matched to the set of templates. The computing system identifies camera motion in each video frame using an optical flow model. The computing system generates a homography matrix for each video frame based on the fitted playing surface model and camera motion. The computing system calibrates each camera based on the homography matrix generated for each video frame.1. A method of calibrating moving cameras capturing a sporting event, comprising:
retrieving, by a computing system, a broadcast video feed for a sporting event, the broadcast video feed comprising a plurality of video frames; labeling, by the computing system via a neural network, components of a playing surface captured in each video frame; matching, by the computing system, a subset of labeled video frames to a set of templates with various camera perspectives; fitting, by the computing system, a playing surface model to the set of labeled video frames that were matched to the set of templates; identifying, by the computing system, camera motion in each video frame using an optical flow model; generating, by the computing system, a homography matrix for each video frame based on the fitted playing surface model and camera motion; and calibrating, by the computing system, each camera based on the homography matrix generated for each video frame. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying, by the computing system, camera motion in each video frame using the optical flow model, comprises:
generating, for each video frame of the plurality of video frames, body pose information for each player in each video frame; and removing each player from each video frame based on the body pose information. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein removing each player from each video frame based on the body pose information, comprises:
identifying one or more pixels corresponding to a player in a video frame based on the body pose information; and removing the identified one or more pixels from the video frame. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein retrieving, by the computing system, the broadcast video feed for the sporting event comprises:
identifying, from the plurality of video frames, a set of trackable video frames, wherein each trackable video frame in the set of trackable captures a same perspective of the playing surface. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein fitting, by the computing system, the playing surface model to the set of labeled video frames that were matched to the set of templates generates a set of keyframes. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein generating, by the computing system, the homography matrix for each video frame based on the fitted playing surface model and camera motion comprises:
training a neural network to generate a homography matrix for each video frame based on a plurality of keyframes and flow fields associated with camera motion between successive video frames. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein calibrating, by the computing system, each camera based on the homography matrix generated for each video frame comprises:
projecting player coordinates in each video frame to real-world coordinates based on the homography matrix of each video frame. 8. A system for calibrating moving cameras capturing a sporting event, comprising:
a processor; and a memory having programming instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by the processor, performs one or more operations, comprising:
retrieving a broadcast video feed for a sporting event, the broadcast video feed comprising a plurality of video frames;
labeling, via a neural network, components of a playing surface captured in each video frame;
matching a subset of labeled video frames to a set of templates with various camera perspectives;
fitting a playing surface model to the set of labeled video frames that were matched to the set of templates;
identifying camera motion in each video frame using an optical flow model;
generating a homography matrix for each video frame based on the fitted playing surface model and camera motion; and
calibrating each camera based on the homography matrix generated for each video frame. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein identifying camera motion in each video frame using the optical flow model, comprises:
generating, for each video frame of the plurality of video frames, body pose information for each player in each video frame; and removing each player from each video frame based on the body pose information. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein removing each player from each video frame based on the body pose information, comprises:
identifying one or more pixels corresponding to a player in a video frame based on the body pose information; and removing the identified one or more pixels from the video frame. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein retrieving the broadcast video feed for the sporting event comprises:
identifying, from the plurality of video frames, a set of trackable video frames, wherein each trackable video frame in the set of trackable captures a same perspective of the playing surface. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein fitting the playing surface model to the set of labeled video frames that were matched to the set of templates generates a set of keyframes. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein generating the homography matrix for each video frame based on the fitted playing surface model and camera motion comprises:
training a neural network to generate a homography matrix for each video frame based on a plurality of keyframes and flow fields associated with camera motion between successive video frames. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein calibrating each camera based on the homography matrix generated for each video frame comprises:
projecting player coordinates in each video frame to real-world coordinates based on the homography matrix of each video frame. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium including one or more sequences of instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, perform one or more operations comprising:
retrieving, by a computing system, a broadcast video feed for a sporting event, the broadcast video feed comprising a plurality of video frames; labeling, by the computing system via a neural network, components of a playing surface captured in each video frame; matching, by the computing system, a subset of labeled video frames to a set of templates with various camera perspectives; fitting, by the computing system, a playing surface model to the set of labeled video frames that were matched to the set of templates; identifying, by the computing system, camera motion in each video frame using an optical flow model; generating, by the computing system, a homography matrix for each video frame based on the fitted playing surface model and camera motion; and calibrating, by the computing system, each camera based on the homography matrix generated for each video frame. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein identifying, by the computing system, camera motion in each video frame using the optical flow model, comprises:
generating, for each video frame of the plurality of video frames, body pose information for each player in each video frame; and removing each player from each video frame based on the body pose information. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein removing each player from each video frame based on the body pose information, comprises:
identifying one or more pixels corresponding to a player in a video frame based on the body pose information; and removing the identified one or more pixels from the video frame. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein fitting, by the computing system, the playing surface model to the set of labeled video frames that were matched to the set of templates generates a set of keyframes. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein generating, by the computing system, the homography matrix for each video frame based on the fitted playing surface model and camera motion comprises:
training a neural network to generate a homography matrix for each video frame based on a plurality of keyframes and flow fields associated with camera motion between successive video frames. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein calibrating, by the computing system, each camera based on the homography matrix generated for each video frame comprises:
projecting player coordinates in each video frame to real-world coordinates based on the homography matrix of each video frame. | 3,700 |
346,722 | 16,805,152 | 3,783 | A computer-implemented method, comprising applying training images of an environment divided into zones to a neural network, and performing classification to label a test image based on a closest zone of the zones; extracting a feature from retrieved training images and pose information of the test image that match the closest zone; performing bundle adjustment on the extracted feature by triangulating map points for the closest zone to generate a reprojection error, and minimizing the reprojection error to determine an optimal pose of the test image; and for the optimal pose, providing an output indicative of a location or probability of a location of the test image at the optimal pose within the environment. | 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
applying training images of an environment divided into zones to a neural network, and performing classification to label a test image based on a closest zone of the zones; extracting a feature from retrieved training images and pose information of the test image that match the closest zone; performing bundle adjustment on the extracted feature by triangulating map points for the closest zone to generate a reprojection error, and minimizing the reprojection error to determine an optimal pose of the test image; and for the optimal pose, providing an output indicative of a location or probability of a location of the test image at the optimal pose within the environment. 2. A computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the applying the training images comprises receiving the training images associated with poses in zones of the environment as historical or simulation data, and providing the received training images to a neural network. 3. A computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the neural network is a deep learning neural network that learns zones associated with the pose, and determines the closest zone for the test image. 4. A computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the bundle adjustment comprises reprojecting the 3D points associated with a measured pose and the triangulated map points into 2D image space to generate a result, and comparing the result to a registered 2D observation to determine the reprojection error. 5. A computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein for reprojection error being below or equal to a threshold, the pose of the test image is confirmed to be the optimal pose. 6. A computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein for reprojection error being above a threshold, the pose of the test image is determined to be not correct and a calculation of the pose of the test image is determined to be correct. 7. A computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the minimizing the reprojection error comprises adjusting the pose of the test image to minimize the reprojection error. 8. A non-transitory computer readable medium having a storage that stores instructions, the instructions executed by a processor, the instructions comprising:
applying training images of an environment divided into zones to a neural network, and performing classification to label a test image based on a closest zone of the zones; extracting a feature from retrieved training images and pose information of the test image that match the closest zone; performing bundle adjustment on the extracted feature by triangulating map points for the closest zone to generate a reprojection error, and minimizing the reprojection error to determine an optimal pose of the test image; and for the optimal pose, providing an output indicative of a location or probability of a location of the test image at the optimal pose within the environment. 9. A non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein the applying the training images comprises receiving the training images associated with poses in zones of the environment as historical or simulation data, and providing the received training images to a neural network. 10. A non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 9, wherein the neural network is a deep learning neural network that learns zones associated with the pose, and determines the closest zone for the test image. 11. A non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein the bundle adjustment comprises reprojecting the 3D points associated with a measured pose and the triangulated map points into 2D image space to generate a result, and comparing the result to a registered 2D observation to determine the reprojection error. 12. A non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11, wherein for reprojection error being below or equal to a threshold, the pose of the test image is confirmed to be the optimal pose. 13. A non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11, wherein for reprojection error being above a threshold, the pose of the test image is determined to be not correct and a calculation of the pose of the test image is determined to be correct. 14. A non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein the minimizing the reprojection error comprises adjusting the pose of the test image to minimize the reprojection error. 15. A computer-implemented system for localizing and tracking a scope in an environment to identify a target, configured to:
applying training images of the environment that is associated with the scope, divided into zones to a neural network, and performing classification to label a test image, generated by the scope, based on a closest zone of the zones of the environment associated with the scope; extracting a feature from retrieved training images and pose information of the test image that match the closest zone; performing bundle adjustment on the extracted feature by triangulating map points for the closest zone to generate a reprojection error, and minimizing the reprojection error to determine an optimal pose of the test image; and for the optimal pose, providing an output indicative of a location or probability of a location of the test image generated by the scope, at the optimal pose within the environment. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the environment comprises a gastrointestinal tract, or a bronche tract of one or more lungs. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the scope is configured to provide a location of one or more targets that comprise at least one of a polyp, a lesion and a cancerous tissue. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the scope comprises one or more sensors configured to receive the test image associated with the environment, and the test image is a visual image. 19. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the scope is an endoscope or a bronchoscope. 20. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the environment is a piping system, a subterranean environment, or an industrial facility. | A computer-implemented method, comprising applying training images of an environment divided into zones to a neural network, and performing classification to label a test image based on a closest zone of the zones; extracting a feature from retrieved training images and pose information of the test image that match the closest zone; performing bundle adjustment on the extracted feature by triangulating map points for the closest zone to generate a reprojection error, and minimizing the reprojection error to determine an optimal pose of the test image; and for the optimal pose, providing an output indicative of a location or probability of a location of the test image at the optimal pose within the environment.1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
applying training images of an environment divided into zones to a neural network, and performing classification to label a test image based on a closest zone of the zones; extracting a feature from retrieved training images and pose information of the test image that match the closest zone; performing bundle adjustment on the extracted feature by triangulating map points for the closest zone to generate a reprojection error, and minimizing the reprojection error to determine an optimal pose of the test image; and for the optimal pose, providing an output indicative of a location or probability of a location of the test image at the optimal pose within the environment. 2. A computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the applying the training images comprises receiving the training images associated with poses in zones of the environment as historical or simulation data, and providing the received training images to a neural network. 3. A computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the neural network is a deep learning neural network that learns zones associated with the pose, and determines the closest zone for the test image. 4. A computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the bundle adjustment comprises reprojecting the 3D points associated with a measured pose and the triangulated map points into 2D image space to generate a result, and comparing the result to a registered 2D observation to determine the reprojection error. 5. A computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein for reprojection error being below or equal to a threshold, the pose of the test image is confirmed to be the optimal pose. 6. A computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein for reprojection error being above a threshold, the pose of the test image is determined to be not correct and a calculation of the pose of the test image is determined to be correct. 7. A computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the minimizing the reprojection error comprises adjusting the pose of the test image to minimize the reprojection error. 8. A non-transitory computer readable medium having a storage that stores instructions, the instructions executed by a processor, the instructions comprising:
applying training images of an environment divided into zones to a neural network, and performing classification to label a test image based on a closest zone of the zones; extracting a feature from retrieved training images and pose information of the test image that match the closest zone; performing bundle adjustment on the extracted feature by triangulating map points for the closest zone to generate a reprojection error, and minimizing the reprojection error to determine an optimal pose of the test image; and for the optimal pose, providing an output indicative of a location or probability of a location of the test image at the optimal pose within the environment. 9. A non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein the applying the training images comprises receiving the training images associated with poses in zones of the environment as historical or simulation data, and providing the received training images to a neural network. 10. A non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 9, wherein the neural network is a deep learning neural network that learns zones associated with the pose, and determines the closest zone for the test image. 11. A non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein the bundle adjustment comprises reprojecting the 3D points associated with a measured pose and the triangulated map points into 2D image space to generate a result, and comparing the result to a registered 2D observation to determine the reprojection error. 12. A non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11, wherein for reprojection error being below or equal to a threshold, the pose of the test image is confirmed to be the optimal pose. 13. A non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11, wherein for reprojection error being above a threshold, the pose of the test image is determined to be not correct and a calculation of the pose of the test image is determined to be correct. 14. A non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein the minimizing the reprojection error comprises adjusting the pose of the test image to minimize the reprojection error. 15. A computer-implemented system for localizing and tracking a scope in an environment to identify a target, configured to:
applying training images of the environment that is associated with the scope, divided into zones to a neural network, and performing classification to label a test image, generated by the scope, based on a closest zone of the zones of the environment associated with the scope; extracting a feature from retrieved training images and pose information of the test image that match the closest zone; performing bundle adjustment on the extracted feature by triangulating map points for the closest zone to generate a reprojection error, and minimizing the reprojection error to determine an optimal pose of the test image; and for the optimal pose, providing an output indicative of a location or probability of a location of the test image generated by the scope, at the optimal pose within the environment. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the environment comprises a gastrointestinal tract, or a bronche tract of one or more lungs. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the scope is configured to provide a location of one or more targets that comprise at least one of a polyp, a lesion and a cancerous tissue. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the scope comprises one or more sensors configured to receive the test image associated with the environment, and the test image is a visual image. 19. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the scope is an endoscope or a bronchoscope. 20. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the environment is a piping system, a subterranean environment, or an industrial facility. | 3,700 |
346,723 | 16,805,172 | 2,495 | Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) can provide security against quantum computers that could feasibly determine private keys from public keys. A server communicating with a device can store and use PKI keys comprising server private key ss, device public key Sd, and device ephemeral public key Ed. The device can store and use the corresponding PKI keys, such as server public key Ss. The key use can support all of (i) mutual authentication, (ii) forward secrecy, and (iii) shared secret key exchange. The server and the device can conduct an ECDHE key exchange with the PKI keys to mutually derive a symmetric ciphering key K1. The device can encrypt a device public key PK.Device with K1 and send to the server as a first ciphertext. The server can encrypt a server public key PK.Network with at least K1 and send to the device as a second ciphertext. | 1. A method for a device to exchange a first device public key and a network public key, the method performed by the device, the method comprising:
recording a set of cryptographic parameters, a server static public key, a first device private key which corresponds to the first device public key, and a second device private key which corresponds to a second device public key; deriving (i) a device ephemeral private key and a device ephemeral public key using the set of cryptographic parameters and (ii) a random number; conducting a first elliptic curve Diffie Hellman (ECDH) key exchange using at least the server static public key, the second device private key, and the device ephemeral private key in order to derive a shared secret point; deriving, a symmetric ciphering key using at least the derived shared secret point; encrypting, with the symmetric ciphering key, the first device public key and the random number into a first ciphertext; sending a first message to a server, wherein the first message includes at least the device ephemeral public key and the first ciphertext; receiving a second message from the server, wherein the second message includes at least a second ciphertext; and decrypting the second ciphertext using the symmetric ciphering key in order to read a plaintext, wherein the plaintext includes at least the random number and the network public key. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the device conducts the first ECDH key exchange by conducting (i) an addition of the second device private key and the device ephemeral private key to derive a value, and (iii) an elliptic-curve (EC) point multiplication of at least the server static public key and the value. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the device conducts the first ECDH key exchange by conducting at least an EC point multiplication of (i) the server static public key and the second device private key to derive a first point, and (ii) the server static public key and the device ephemeral private key to derive a second point. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the device generates the shared secret point by an EC point addition of the first point and the second point. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: conducting, by the server, a second ECDH key exchange with (i) the device ephemeral public key, (ii) the second device public key, and (iii) a server static private key for the server static public key in order to mutually derive the shared secret point. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein (i) the first device public key and the corresponding first device private key and (ii) the network public key support a set of cryptographic algorithms for post-quantum cryptography, and wherein the second device private key comprises a device static private key. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the symmetric ciphering key comprises a first portion and a second portion, and wherein the device (i) encrypts the first ciphertext with the first portion and (ii) decrypts the second ciphertext with the second portion. 8. A method for a server to exchange a first device public key and a network public key, the method performed by the server, the method comprising:
storing a first set of cryptographic parameters, a server static private key, a second device public key, and identification information for a device; receiving (i) a device ephemeral public key for the first set of cryptographic parameters, and (ii) the identification information; conducting a first elliptic curve Diffie Hellman (ECDH) key exchange using at least the first set of cryptographic parameters, the server static private key, the second device public key, and the device ephemeral public key in order to derive a shared secret point; deriving, a symmetric ciphering key using at least the derived shared secret point; decrypting, with the symmetric ciphering key, a first ciphertext, wherein the first ciphertext includes the first device public key, a second set of cryptographic parameters for the first device public key, and a first random number; receiving a network public key for the second set of cryptographic parameters; encrypting the network public key and the first random number with the symmetric ciphering key to generate a second ciphertext; and sending the second ciphertext to the device. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the symmetric ciphering key comprises a first portion and a second portion, and wherein the server (i) decrypts the first ciphertext with the first portion and (ii) encrypts the second ciphertext with the second portion. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the second device public key and the network public key support a set of cryptographic algorithms for post-quantum cryptography. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the server conducts the first ECDH key exchange by conducting (i) an elliptic curve (EC) point addition of at least the second device public key and the device ephemeral public key to derive a point, and (iii) an EC point multiplication of at least the point and the server static private key. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising conducting, by the device, a second ECDH key exchange using at least (i) a server static public key for the server static private key, (ii) a device private key for the second device public key, and (iii) a device ephemeral private key for the device ephemeral public key in order to mutually derive the shared secret point; 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising receiving the network public key and a second random number, wherein the server encrypts the second random number with the symmetric ciphering key to generate the second ciphertext. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the second device public key comprises a device static public key. | Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) can provide security against quantum computers that could feasibly determine private keys from public keys. A server communicating with a device can store and use PKI keys comprising server private key ss, device public key Sd, and device ephemeral public key Ed. The device can store and use the corresponding PKI keys, such as server public key Ss. The key use can support all of (i) mutual authentication, (ii) forward secrecy, and (iii) shared secret key exchange. The server and the device can conduct an ECDHE key exchange with the PKI keys to mutually derive a symmetric ciphering key K1. The device can encrypt a device public key PK.Device with K1 and send to the server as a first ciphertext. The server can encrypt a server public key PK.Network with at least K1 and send to the device as a second ciphertext.1. A method for a device to exchange a first device public key and a network public key, the method performed by the device, the method comprising:
recording a set of cryptographic parameters, a server static public key, a first device private key which corresponds to the first device public key, and a second device private key which corresponds to a second device public key; deriving (i) a device ephemeral private key and a device ephemeral public key using the set of cryptographic parameters and (ii) a random number; conducting a first elliptic curve Diffie Hellman (ECDH) key exchange using at least the server static public key, the second device private key, and the device ephemeral private key in order to derive a shared secret point; deriving, a symmetric ciphering key using at least the derived shared secret point; encrypting, with the symmetric ciphering key, the first device public key and the random number into a first ciphertext; sending a first message to a server, wherein the first message includes at least the device ephemeral public key and the first ciphertext; receiving a second message from the server, wherein the second message includes at least a second ciphertext; and decrypting the second ciphertext using the symmetric ciphering key in order to read a plaintext, wherein the plaintext includes at least the random number and the network public key. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the device conducts the first ECDH key exchange by conducting (i) an addition of the second device private key and the device ephemeral private key to derive a value, and (iii) an elliptic-curve (EC) point multiplication of at least the server static public key and the value. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the device conducts the first ECDH key exchange by conducting at least an EC point multiplication of (i) the server static public key and the second device private key to derive a first point, and (ii) the server static public key and the device ephemeral private key to derive a second point. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the device generates the shared secret point by an EC point addition of the first point and the second point. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: conducting, by the server, a second ECDH key exchange with (i) the device ephemeral public key, (ii) the second device public key, and (iii) a server static private key for the server static public key in order to mutually derive the shared secret point. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein (i) the first device public key and the corresponding first device private key and (ii) the network public key support a set of cryptographic algorithms for post-quantum cryptography, and wherein the second device private key comprises a device static private key. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the symmetric ciphering key comprises a first portion and a second portion, and wherein the device (i) encrypts the first ciphertext with the first portion and (ii) decrypts the second ciphertext with the second portion. 8. A method for a server to exchange a first device public key and a network public key, the method performed by the server, the method comprising:
storing a first set of cryptographic parameters, a server static private key, a second device public key, and identification information for a device; receiving (i) a device ephemeral public key for the first set of cryptographic parameters, and (ii) the identification information; conducting a first elliptic curve Diffie Hellman (ECDH) key exchange using at least the first set of cryptographic parameters, the server static private key, the second device public key, and the device ephemeral public key in order to derive a shared secret point; deriving, a symmetric ciphering key using at least the derived shared secret point; decrypting, with the symmetric ciphering key, a first ciphertext, wherein the first ciphertext includes the first device public key, a second set of cryptographic parameters for the first device public key, and a first random number; receiving a network public key for the second set of cryptographic parameters; encrypting the network public key and the first random number with the symmetric ciphering key to generate a second ciphertext; and sending the second ciphertext to the device. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the symmetric ciphering key comprises a first portion and a second portion, and wherein the server (i) decrypts the first ciphertext with the first portion and (ii) encrypts the second ciphertext with the second portion. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the second device public key and the network public key support a set of cryptographic algorithms for post-quantum cryptography. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the server conducts the first ECDH key exchange by conducting (i) an elliptic curve (EC) point addition of at least the second device public key and the device ephemeral public key to derive a point, and (iii) an EC point multiplication of at least the point and the server static private key. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising conducting, by the device, a second ECDH key exchange using at least (i) a server static public key for the server static private key, (ii) a device private key for the second device public key, and (iii) a device ephemeral private key for the device ephemeral public key in order to mutually derive the shared secret point; 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising receiving the network public key and a second random number, wherein the server encrypts the second random number with the symmetric ciphering key to generate the second ciphertext. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the second device public key comprises a device static public key. | 2,400 |
346,724 | 16,805,176 | 2,495 | An apparatus and method for collecting a breath sample are provided. The apparatus has a breath input interface configured to receive exhaled breath, a first conduit system connected to the breath input interface, a valve configured to control fluid communication between the first conduit system and at least one breath sample storage device configured to store a breath sample, an air circulation system configured to circulate air through the first conduit system upon completion of a first received exhaled breath, and at least one controller configured to control the valve upon completion of the first received exhaled breath at least partially based on a humidity level in the first conduit system. | 1. An apparatus for collecting a breath sample, comprising:
a breath input interface configured to receive exhaled breath; a first conduit system connected to the breath input interface; a valve configured to control fluid communication between the first conduit system and at least one breath sample storage device configured to store a breath sample; an air circulation system configured to circulate air through the first conduit system upon completion of a first received exhaled breath; and at least one controller configured to control the valve upon completion of the first received exhaled breath at least partially based on a humidity level in the first conduit system. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one controller is configured to control the valve at least partially based on whether a change rate in the humidity level is within a humidity level change rate target range. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at least one controller is configured to close the valve to inhibit passage of a subsequent exhaled breath from the first conduit system to the at least one breath sample storage device until the change rate in the humidity level within the first conduit system is within the humidity level change rate target range. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising a hygrometer connected to the first conduit system and configured to determine the humidity level in the first conduit system. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, further comprising a notification system for indicating when the change rate in the humidity level within the first conduit system is within the humidity level change rate target range. 6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first conduit system includes a breath intake conduit extending between the breath input interface and the valve, and wherein the hygrometer is connected to an exhaust conduit of the first conduit system that branches from the breath intake conduit. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the fluid circulation system is directly connected to the exhaust conduit. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the exhaust conduit includes a flow meter configured to measure a flow rate along the exhaust conduit. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one controller is configured to control the valve at least partially based on whether the humidity level is within a humidity level target range. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the at least one controller is configured to close the valve to inhibit passage of a subsequent exhaled breath from the first conduit system to the at least one breath sample storage device until the humidity level within the first conduit system is within the humidity level target range. 11. A method for collecting a breath sample, comprising:
receiving an exhaled breath via a breath input interface connected to a first conduit system; collecting at least some of the exhaled breath via at least one breath sample storage device connected to the first conduit system; detecting a completion of the exhaled breath; closing a valve between the first conduit system and the at least one sorbent tube upon detecting the completion of the exhaled breath; circulating air through a first conduit system connected to the breath input interface after detecting the completion of the exhaled breath; monitoring a humidity level in the first conduit system; and controlling, via at least one controller, the valve at least partially based on the humidity level in the first conduit system. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the controlling includes determining if a change rate in the humidity level is within a humidity level change rate target range. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising controlling the valve to close to inhibit passage of a subsequently exhaled breath from the first conduit system to the at least one breath sample storage device until the change rate in the humidity level within the first conduit system is within the humidity level change rate target range. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising determining the humidity level in the first conduit system via a hygrometer connected to the first conduit system. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising indicating when the change rate in the humidity level is within the humidity level change rate target range. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the first conduit system includes a breath intake conduit extending between the breath input interface and the valve, and wherein the determining of the humidity level is performed by a hygrometer connected to an exhaust conduit of the first conduit system that branches from the breath intake conduit. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the fluid circulation system is directly connected to the exhaust conduit. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising measuring a flow rate along the exhaust conduit via a flow meter along the exhaust conduit. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the controlling includes determining if the humidity level is within a humidity level target range. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising controlling the valve to close to inhibit passage of a subsequently exhaled breath from the first conduit system to the at least one breath sample storage device until the humidity level within the first conduit system is within the humidity level target range. | An apparatus and method for collecting a breath sample are provided. The apparatus has a breath input interface configured to receive exhaled breath, a first conduit system connected to the breath input interface, a valve configured to control fluid communication between the first conduit system and at least one breath sample storage device configured to store a breath sample, an air circulation system configured to circulate air through the first conduit system upon completion of a first received exhaled breath, and at least one controller configured to control the valve upon completion of the first received exhaled breath at least partially based on a humidity level in the first conduit system.1. An apparatus for collecting a breath sample, comprising:
a breath input interface configured to receive exhaled breath; a first conduit system connected to the breath input interface; a valve configured to control fluid communication between the first conduit system and at least one breath sample storage device configured to store a breath sample; an air circulation system configured to circulate air through the first conduit system upon completion of a first received exhaled breath; and at least one controller configured to control the valve upon completion of the first received exhaled breath at least partially based on a humidity level in the first conduit system. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one controller is configured to control the valve at least partially based on whether a change rate in the humidity level is within a humidity level change rate target range. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at least one controller is configured to close the valve to inhibit passage of a subsequent exhaled breath from the first conduit system to the at least one breath sample storage device until the change rate in the humidity level within the first conduit system is within the humidity level change rate target range. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising a hygrometer connected to the first conduit system and configured to determine the humidity level in the first conduit system. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, further comprising a notification system for indicating when the change rate in the humidity level within the first conduit system is within the humidity level change rate target range. 6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first conduit system includes a breath intake conduit extending between the breath input interface and the valve, and wherein the hygrometer is connected to an exhaust conduit of the first conduit system that branches from the breath intake conduit. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the fluid circulation system is directly connected to the exhaust conduit. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the exhaust conduit includes a flow meter configured to measure a flow rate along the exhaust conduit. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one controller is configured to control the valve at least partially based on whether the humidity level is within a humidity level target range. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the at least one controller is configured to close the valve to inhibit passage of a subsequent exhaled breath from the first conduit system to the at least one breath sample storage device until the humidity level within the first conduit system is within the humidity level target range. 11. A method for collecting a breath sample, comprising:
receiving an exhaled breath via a breath input interface connected to a first conduit system; collecting at least some of the exhaled breath via at least one breath sample storage device connected to the first conduit system; detecting a completion of the exhaled breath; closing a valve between the first conduit system and the at least one sorbent tube upon detecting the completion of the exhaled breath; circulating air through a first conduit system connected to the breath input interface after detecting the completion of the exhaled breath; monitoring a humidity level in the first conduit system; and controlling, via at least one controller, the valve at least partially based on the humidity level in the first conduit system. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the controlling includes determining if a change rate in the humidity level is within a humidity level change rate target range. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising controlling the valve to close to inhibit passage of a subsequently exhaled breath from the first conduit system to the at least one breath sample storage device until the change rate in the humidity level within the first conduit system is within the humidity level change rate target range. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising determining the humidity level in the first conduit system via a hygrometer connected to the first conduit system. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising indicating when the change rate in the humidity level is within the humidity level change rate target range. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the first conduit system includes a breath intake conduit extending between the breath input interface and the valve, and wherein the determining of the humidity level is performed by a hygrometer connected to an exhaust conduit of the first conduit system that branches from the breath intake conduit. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the fluid circulation system is directly connected to the exhaust conduit. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising measuring a flow rate along the exhaust conduit via a flow meter along the exhaust conduit. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the controlling includes determining if the humidity level is within a humidity level target range. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising controlling the valve to close to inhibit passage of a subsequently exhaled breath from the first conduit system to the at least one breath sample storage device until the humidity level within the first conduit system is within the humidity level target range. | 2,400 |
346,725 | 16,805,079 | 2,495 | Implementations of the present specification disclose method, apparatus, and device for processing graph data using a random walk-based process. The process is applicable to either a cluster of machines, a stand-alone machine, or both. In one aspect, the method includes: obtaining, by a cluster, data describing a graph that has nodes and edges between the nodes, wherein the cluster comprises (i) a server cluster that includes a plurality of server machines and (ii) a working machine cluster that includes a plurality of working machines; generating a two-dimensional array based on the data, wherein generating the two-dimensional array comprises generating, for each node included in the graph, a row comprising respective identifiers of adjacent nodes of the node; and generating, based on the two-dimensional array, a random sequence that represents a random walk processing of the data by the cluster. | 1. A method for performing cluster-based random walk, comprising:
obtaining, by a cluster, data describing a graph that has nodes and edges between the nodes, wherein the cluster comprises (i) a server cluster that includes a plurality of server machines and (ii) a working machine cluster that includes a plurality of working machines; generating a two-dimensional array based on the data, wherein generating the two-dimensional array comprises generating, for each node included in the graph, a row comprising respective identifiers of adjacent nodes of the node; and generating, based on the two-dimensional array, a random sequence that represents a random walk processing of the data by the cluster. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein obtaining the data describing the graph comprises:
reading, by the working machine cluster and from a database, respective identifiers of adjacent nodes of each node included in the graph, wherein each working machine reads respective identifiers of adjacent nodes of at least some of the nodes included in the graph. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the generating a two-dimensional array based on the data comprises:
generating, by each working machine, a non-full two-dimensional array based on respective identifiers of adjacent nodes whose identifiers are read by the working machine and an identifier of a node corresponding to the adjacent nodes; synchronizing, by the server cluster, the non-full two-dimensional arrays generated by the working machines; and generating, by the server cluster, a full two-dimensional array based on all the non-full two-dimensional arrays. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein before the generating a random sequence based on the two-dimensional array, the method further comprises:
synchronizing, by the server cluster, the full two-dimensional array across the working machines, so that each working machine generates a random sequence based on the full two-dimensional array. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the generating a random sequence based on the two-dimensional array comprises:
generating a sorted two-dimensional array by sorting all rows of the full two-dimensional array based on a sequence of respective identifiers of the nodes; and generating the random sequence based on the sorted two-dimensional array. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the generating a random sequence based on the two-dimensional array comprises:
determining, by the working machine and with some measure of randomness, an identifier from respective identifiers of the nodes included in the graph as an identifier of a target node; determining a corresponding row from the two-dimensional array based on the identifier of the target node, wherein the corresponding row comprises the identifier of the target node and respective identifiers of adjacent nodes of the target node; determining a quantity of identifiers of adjacent nodes included in the corresponding row; determining, with some measure of randomness, a non-negative integer K that is less than a value of the quantity; obtaining an identifier of a Kth adjacent node included in the corresponding row; and generating the random sequence that includes respective identifiers of all target nodes by iteratively using every Kth adjacent node as a new target node. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein there are N nodes in total, an identifier of the mth node is m, 0≤m≤N−1, the target node is the ith node, and the corresponding row is the ith row of the two-dimensional array. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the corresponding row is a one-dimensional array, an identifier of the nth adjacent node of the target node is the nth element of the one-dimensional array, and n is counted from 0; and
the non-negative integer is denoted as j, and the obtaining an identifier of the Kth adjacent node included in the corresponding row comprises:
obtaining an identifier of the jth adjacent node of the target node by reading the jth element of the one-dimensional array. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein a total quantity of elements of the one-dimensional array is equal to a quantity of adjacent nodes of a node with the largest quantity of adjacent nodes among all the nodes. 10. The method according to claim 6, wherein the generating the random sequence that includes respective identifiers of all target nodes comprises:
generating the random sequence that includes respective identifiers of all the target nodes when a total quantity of target nodes reaches a predetermined quantity of random walk steps. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the generating a random sequence comprises:
generating, by each working machine, a random sequence until a total quantity of generated random sequences reaches a determined threshold. 12. The method according to claim 4, wherein synchronizing the full two-dimensional array across the working machines comprises:
re-obtaining, by the working machine, the two-dimensional array from the server cluster if a local copy of the two-dimensional array is lost. 13. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
obtaining, by a cluster, data describing a graph that has nodes and edges between the nodes, wherein the cluster comprises (i) a server cluster that includes a plurality of server machines and (ii) a working machine cluster that includes a plurality of working machines; generating a two-dimensional array based on the data, wherein generating the two-dimensional array comprises generating, for each node included in the graph, a row comprising respective identifiers of adjacent nodes of the node; and generating, based on the two-dimensional array, a random sequence that represents a random walk processing of the data by the cluster. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 13, wherein obtaining the data describing the graph comprises:
reading, by the working machine cluster and from a database, respective identifiers of adjacent nodes of each node included in the graph, wherein each working machine reads respective identifiers of adjacent nodes of at least some of the nodes included in the graph. 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 13, wherein the generating a two-dimensional array based on the data comprises:
generating, by each working machine, a non-full two-dimensional array based on respective identifiers of adjacent nodes whose identifiers are read by the working machine and an identifier of a node corresponding to the adjacent nodes; synchronizing, by the server cluster, the non-full two-dimensional arrays generated by the working machines; and generating, by the server cluster, a full two-dimensional array based on all the non-full two-dimensional arrays. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 15, wherein before the generating a random sequence based on the two-dimensional array, the operations further comprise:
synchronizing, by the server cluster, the full two-dimensional array across the working machines, so that each working machine generates a random sequence based on the full two-dimensional array. 17. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 16, wherein the generating a random sequence based on the two-dimensional array comprises:
generating a sorted two-dimensional array by sorting all rows of the full two-dimensional array based on a sequence of respective identifiers of the nodes; and generating the random sequence based on the sorted two-dimensional array. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 13, wherein the generating a random sequence based on the two-dimensional array comprises:
determining, by the working machine and with some measure of randomness, an identifier from respective identifiers of the nodes included in the graph as an identifier of a target node; determining a corresponding row from the two-dimensional array based on the identifier of the target node, wherein the corresponding row comprises the identifier of the target node and respective identifiers of adjacent nodes of the target node; determining a quantity of identifiers of adjacent nodes included in the corresponding row; determining, with some measure of randomness, a non-negative integer K that is less than a value of the quantity; obtaining an identifier of a Kth adjacent node included in the corresponding row; and generating the random sequence that includes respective identifiers of all target nodes by iteratively using every Kth adjacent node as a new target node. 19. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising: obtaining, by a cluster, data describing a graph that has nodes and edges between the nodes, wherein the cluster comprises (i) a server cluster that includes a plurality of server machines and (ii) a working machine cluster that includes a plurality of working machines; generating a two-dimensional array based on the data, wherein generating the two-dimensional array comprises generating, for each node included in the graph, a row comprising respective identifiers of adjacent nodes of the node; and generating, based on the two-dimensional array, a random sequence that represents a random walk processing of the data by the cluster. 20. The computer-implemented system according to claim 19, wherein obtaining the data describing the graph comprises:
reading, by the working machine cluster and from a database, respective identifiers of adjacent nodes of each node included in the graph, wherein each working machine reads respective identifiers of adjacent nodes of at least some of the nodes included in the graph. 21. The computer-implemented system according to claim 19, wherein the generating a two-dimensional array based on the data comprises:
generating, by each working machine, a non-full two-dimensional array based on respective identifiers of adjacent nodes whose identifiers are read by the working machine and an identifier of a node corresponding to the adjacent nodes; synchronizing, by the server cluster, the non-full two-dimensional arrays generated by the working machines; and generating, by the server cluster, a full two-dimensional array based on all the non-full two-dimensional arrays. 22. The computer-implemented system according to claim 21, wherein before the generating a random sequence based on the two-dimensional array, the operations further comprise:
synchronizing, by the server cluster, the full two-dimensional array across the working machines, so that each working machine generates a random sequence based on the full two-dimensional array. 23. The computer-implemented system according to claim 22, wherein the generating a random sequence based on the two-dimensional array comprises:
generating a sorted two-dimensional array by sorting all rows of the full two-dimensional array based on a sequence of respective identifiers of the nodes; and generating the random sequence based on the sorted two-dimensional array. 24. The computer-implemented system according to claim 19, wherein the generating a random sequence based on the two-dimensional array comprises:
determining, by the working machine and with some measure of randomness, an identifier from respective identifiers of the nodes included in the graph as an identifier of a target node; determining a corresponding row from the two-dimensional array based on the identifier of the target node, wherein the corresponding row comprises the identifier of the target node and respective identifiers of adjacent nodes of the target node; determining a quantity of identifiers of adjacent nodes included in the corresponding row; determining, with some measure of randomness, a non-negative integer K that is less than a value of the quantity; obtaining an identifier of a Kth adjacent node included in the corresponding row; and generating the random sequence that includes respective identifiers of all target nodes by iteratively using every Kth adjacent node as a new target node. | Implementations of the present specification disclose method, apparatus, and device for processing graph data using a random walk-based process. The process is applicable to either a cluster of machines, a stand-alone machine, or both. In one aspect, the method includes: obtaining, by a cluster, data describing a graph that has nodes and edges between the nodes, wherein the cluster comprises (i) a server cluster that includes a plurality of server machines and (ii) a working machine cluster that includes a plurality of working machines; generating a two-dimensional array based on the data, wherein generating the two-dimensional array comprises generating, for each node included in the graph, a row comprising respective identifiers of adjacent nodes of the node; and generating, based on the two-dimensional array, a random sequence that represents a random walk processing of the data by the cluster.1. A method for performing cluster-based random walk, comprising:
obtaining, by a cluster, data describing a graph that has nodes and edges between the nodes, wherein the cluster comprises (i) a server cluster that includes a plurality of server machines and (ii) a working machine cluster that includes a plurality of working machines; generating a two-dimensional array based on the data, wherein generating the two-dimensional array comprises generating, for each node included in the graph, a row comprising respective identifiers of adjacent nodes of the node; and generating, based on the two-dimensional array, a random sequence that represents a random walk processing of the data by the cluster. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein obtaining the data describing the graph comprises:
reading, by the working machine cluster and from a database, respective identifiers of adjacent nodes of each node included in the graph, wherein each working machine reads respective identifiers of adjacent nodes of at least some of the nodes included in the graph. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the generating a two-dimensional array based on the data comprises:
generating, by each working machine, a non-full two-dimensional array based on respective identifiers of adjacent nodes whose identifiers are read by the working machine and an identifier of a node corresponding to the adjacent nodes; synchronizing, by the server cluster, the non-full two-dimensional arrays generated by the working machines; and generating, by the server cluster, a full two-dimensional array based on all the non-full two-dimensional arrays. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein before the generating a random sequence based on the two-dimensional array, the method further comprises:
synchronizing, by the server cluster, the full two-dimensional array across the working machines, so that each working machine generates a random sequence based on the full two-dimensional array. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the generating a random sequence based on the two-dimensional array comprises:
generating a sorted two-dimensional array by sorting all rows of the full two-dimensional array based on a sequence of respective identifiers of the nodes; and generating the random sequence based on the sorted two-dimensional array. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the generating a random sequence based on the two-dimensional array comprises:
determining, by the working machine and with some measure of randomness, an identifier from respective identifiers of the nodes included in the graph as an identifier of a target node; determining a corresponding row from the two-dimensional array based on the identifier of the target node, wherein the corresponding row comprises the identifier of the target node and respective identifiers of adjacent nodes of the target node; determining a quantity of identifiers of adjacent nodes included in the corresponding row; determining, with some measure of randomness, a non-negative integer K that is less than a value of the quantity; obtaining an identifier of a Kth adjacent node included in the corresponding row; and generating the random sequence that includes respective identifiers of all target nodes by iteratively using every Kth adjacent node as a new target node. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein there are N nodes in total, an identifier of the mth node is m, 0≤m≤N−1, the target node is the ith node, and the corresponding row is the ith row of the two-dimensional array. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the corresponding row is a one-dimensional array, an identifier of the nth adjacent node of the target node is the nth element of the one-dimensional array, and n is counted from 0; and
the non-negative integer is denoted as j, and the obtaining an identifier of the Kth adjacent node included in the corresponding row comprises:
obtaining an identifier of the jth adjacent node of the target node by reading the jth element of the one-dimensional array. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein a total quantity of elements of the one-dimensional array is equal to a quantity of adjacent nodes of a node with the largest quantity of adjacent nodes among all the nodes. 10. The method according to claim 6, wherein the generating the random sequence that includes respective identifiers of all target nodes comprises:
generating the random sequence that includes respective identifiers of all the target nodes when a total quantity of target nodes reaches a predetermined quantity of random walk steps. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the generating a random sequence comprises:
generating, by each working machine, a random sequence until a total quantity of generated random sequences reaches a determined threshold. 12. The method according to claim 4, wherein synchronizing the full two-dimensional array across the working machines comprises:
re-obtaining, by the working machine, the two-dimensional array from the server cluster if a local copy of the two-dimensional array is lost. 13. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
obtaining, by a cluster, data describing a graph that has nodes and edges between the nodes, wherein the cluster comprises (i) a server cluster that includes a plurality of server machines and (ii) a working machine cluster that includes a plurality of working machines; generating a two-dimensional array based on the data, wherein generating the two-dimensional array comprises generating, for each node included in the graph, a row comprising respective identifiers of adjacent nodes of the node; and generating, based on the two-dimensional array, a random sequence that represents a random walk processing of the data by the cluster. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 13, wherein obtaining the data describing the graph comprises:
reading, by the working machine cluster and from a database, respective identifiers of adjacent nodes of each node included in the graph, wherein each working machine reads respective identifiers of adjacent nodes of at least some of the nodes included in the graph. 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 13, wherein the generating a two-dimensional array based on the data comprises:
generating, by each working machine, a non-full two-dimensional array based on respective identifiers of adjacent nodes whose identifiers are read by the working machine and an identifier of a node corresponding to the adjacent nodes; synchronizing, by the server cluster, the non-full two-dimensional arrays generated by the working machines; and generating, by the server cluster, a full two-dimensional array based on all the non-full two-dimensional arrays. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 15, wherein before the generating a random sequence based on the two-dimensional array, the operations further comprise:
synchronizing, by the server cluster, the full two-dimensional array across the working machines, so that each working machine generates a random sequence based on the full two-dimensional array. 17. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 16, wherein the generating a random sequence based on the two-dimensional array comprises:
generating a sorted two-dimensional array by sorting all rows of the full two-dimensional array based on a sequence of respective identifiers of the nodes; and generating the random sequence based on the sorted two-dimensional array. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 13, wherein the generating a random sequence based on the two-dimensional array comprises:
determining, by the working machine and with some measure of randomness, an identifier from respective identifiers of the nodes included in the graph as an identifier of a target node; determining a corresponding row from the two-dimensional array based on the identifier of the target node, wherein the corresponding row comprises the identifier of the target node and respective identifiers of adjacent nodes of the target node; determining a quantity of identifiers of adjacent nodes included in the corresponding row; determining, with some measure of randomness, a non-negative integer K that is less than a value of the quantity; obtaining an identifier of a Kth adjacent node included in the corresponding row; and generating the random sequence that includes respective identifiers of all target nodes by iteratively using every Kth adjacent node as a new target node. 19. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising: obtaining, by a cluster, data describing a graph that has nodes and edges between the nodes, wherein the cluster comprises (i) a server cluster that includes a plurality of server machines and (ii) a working machine cluster that includes a plurality of working machines; generating a two-dimensional array based on the data, wherein generating the two-dimensional array comprises generating, for each node included in the graph, a row comprising respective identifiers of adjacent nodes of the node; and generating, based on the two-dimensional array, a random sequence that represents a random walk processing of the data by the cluster. 20. The computer-implemented system according to claim 19, wherein obtaining the data describing the graph comprises:
reading, by the working machine cluster and from a database, respective identifiers of adjacent nodes of each node included in the graph, wherein each working machine reads respective identifiers of adjacent nodes of at least some of the nodes included in the graph. 21. The computer-implemented system according to claim 19, wherein the generating a two-dimensional array based on the data comprises:
generating, by each working machine, a non-full two-dimensional array based on respective identifiers of adjacent nodes whose identifiers are read by the working machine and an identifier of a node corresponding to the adjacent nodes; synchronizing, by the server cluster, the non-full two-dimensional arrays generated by the working machines; and generating, by the server cluster, a full two-dimensional array based on all the non-full two-dimensional arrays. 22. The computer-implemented system according to claim 21, wherein before the generating a random sequence based on the two-dimensional array, the operations further comprise:
synchronizing, by the server cluster, the full two-dimensional array across the working machines, so that each working machine generates a random sequence based on the full two-dimensional array. 23. The computer-implemented system according to claim 22, wherein the generating a random sequence based on the two-dimensional array comprises:
generating a sorted two-dimensional array by sorting all rows of the full two-dimensional array based on a sequence of respective identifiers of the nodes; and generating the random sequence based on the sorted two-dimensional array. 24. The computer-implemented system according to claim 19, wherein the generating a random sequence based on the two-dimensional array comprises:
determining, by the working machine and with some measure of randomness, an identifier from respective identifiers of the nodes included in the graph as an identifier of a target node; determining a corresponding row from the two-dimensional array based on the identifier of the target node, wherein the corresponding row comprises the identifier of the target node and respective identifiers of adjacent nodes of the target node; determining a quantity of identifiers of adjacent nodes included in the corresponding row; determining, with some measure of randomness, a non-negative integer K that is less than a value of the quantity; obtaining an identifier of a Kth adjacent node included in the corresponding row; and generating the random sequence that includes respective identifiers of all target nodes by iteratively using every Kth adjacent node as a new target node. | 2,400 |
346,726 | 16,805,143 | 2,495 | Mixed metal metal-organic frameworks (MM-MOFs) of copper-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (BTC), M—Cu-BTC, wherein M is Zn(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and/or Fe(II) may be made using post-synthetic exchange (PSE) with metal ions. Such MM-MOFs may be used in H2 storage, especially Ni(II) and Co(II) MM-MOFs. Selected metal exchanged materials can provide gravimetric H2 uptake around 1.63 wt. % for Zn—Cu-BTC, around 1.61 wt. % for Ni—Cu-BTC, around 1.63 wt. % for Fe—Cu-BTC, and around 1.12 wt. % for Co—Cu-BTC. | 1. A mixed-metal metal organic framework (MM-MOF), comprising:
a linker comprising, relative to a total linker weight, at least 75 wt. % of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate bound into the MM-MOF; and divalent metal cations comprising, relative to a total metal weight, at least 65 atom. % Cu2+ and from 10 to 30 atom. % of Ni2+ Zn2+, Co2+, and/or Fe2+, bound into the MM-MOF, wherein the MM-MOF has a gradient in Cu2+ concentration between a center of the MM-MOF and an outer perimeter of the MM-MOF, and wherein concentration of the Cu2+ is higher towards the center of the MM-MOF than the outer perimeter. 2. The MM-MOF of claim 1, which is crystalline by powder x-ray diffraction and has a TBO topology. 3. The MM-MOF of claim 1, comprising the Ni2+ in a range of from 10 to 30 atom. %, and a remainder of the Cu2+. 4. The MM-MOF of claim 1, comprising the Zn2+ in a range of from 10 to 20 atom. %, and a remainder of the Cu2+. 5. The MM-MOF of claim 1, comprising the Co2+ in a range of from 12.5 to 25 atom. %, and a remainder of the Cu2+. 6. The MM-MOF of claim 1, comprising the Fe2+ in a range of from 12 to 22.5 atom. %, and a remainder of the Cu2+. 7. The MM-MOF of claim 1, wherein the Cu2+ gradient is produced by a process comprising solution-based diffusion of the Ni2+, Zn2+, Co2+, and/or Fe2+, into a preexisting MOF comprising the Cu2+ and the 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate. 8. The MM-MOF of claim 1, wherein the linker and the divalent metal cations are ionically bound into the MM-MOF. 9. The MM-MOF of claim 1, having a BET surface area of 600 to 1100 m2/g, a pore volume of 0.200 to 0.400 cm3/g, and/or a mean pore diameter of 1.50 to 1.80 nm. 10. The MM-MOF of claim 1, having a hydrogen gravimetric capacity of 1.02 to 6.5 wt. %. 11. The MM-MOF of claim 1, formed as polyhedral crystals having an average largest leg length in a range of from 1 to 5 μm. 12. A H2 gas storage container, comprising:
the MM-MOF of claim 1. 13. A method of storing H2 gas, the method comprising:
contacting the MM-MOF of claim 1 with a fluid stream comprising H2 gas. 14. A method of making a MM-MOF, the method comprising:
soaking a single-metal MOF, comprising copper cations and 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate bound into the MOF, in a solution comprising a polar organic solvent and a salt of Ni2+, Zn2+, Co2+, and/or Fe2+ for 24 to 120 hours at a temperature of −50 to 150° C. to form the MM-MOF comprising the copper cations, the 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate, and Ni2+, Zn2+, CO2+, and/or Fe2+, wherein the MM-MOF and the single-metal MOF have a TBO topology, wherein the MM-MOF has a divalent metal cation to copper cation ratio in a range of from 1:10 to 1:4, and wherein the mixed-metal MOF has a BET surface area in a range of from 600 to 1100 m2/g, a pore volume in a range of from 0.200 to 0.400 cm3/g, a mean pore diameter in a range of from 1.50 to 1.80 nm, and/or a gravimetric capacity for H2 of 1.02 to 6.5 wt. %. 15. An MM-MOF, comprising:
a linker comprising 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate; copper (II) cations; and nickel (II) cations, wherein a powder x-ray diffraction pattern of the MM-MOF has at least 95% identity with a powder x-ray diffraction pattern of a single-metal copper-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate MOF, and/or wherein MM-MOF is crystalline by PXRD and has TBO topology. 16. The MM-MOF of claim 15, having a gradient in concentration between a center of the MM-MOF and an outer perimeter of the MM-MOF,
wherein concentration of the Cu2+ is higher towards the center of the MM-MOF than the outer perimeter. 17. The MM-MOF of claim 15, comprising no more than 2.5 wt. % amorphous phases. 18. The MM-MOF of claim 15, comprising the Ni2+ in a range of from 10 to 30 atom. %. 19. The MM-MOF of claim 15, comprising the Ni2+ in a range of from 10 to 30 atom. % and a remainder of the Cu2+. 20. The MM-MOF of claim 15, having a gradient in Cu2+ concentration between a center of the MM-MOF and an outer perimeter of the MM-MOF,
wherein concentration of the Cu2+ is higher towards the center of the MM-MOF than the outer perimeter. | Mixed metal metal-organic frameworks (MM-MOFs) of copper-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (BTC), M—Cu-BTC, wherein M is Zn(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and/or Fe(II) may be made using post-synthetic exchange (PSE) with metal ions. Such MM-MOFs may be used in H2 storage, especially Ni(II) and Co(II) MM-MOFs. Selected metal exchanged materials can provide gravimetric H2 uptake around 1.63 wt. % for Zn—Cu-BTC, around 1.61 wt. % for Ni—Cu-BTC, around 1.63 wt. % for Fe—Cu-BTC, and around 1.12 wt. % for Co—Cu-BTC.1. A mixed-metal metal organic framework (MM-MOF), comprising:
a linker comprising, relative to a total linker weight, at least 75 wt. % of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate bound into the MM-MOF; and divalent metal cations comprising, relative to a total metal weight, at least 65 atom. % Cu2+ and from 10 to 30 atom. % of Ni2+ Zn2+, Co2+, and/or Fe2+, bound into the MM-MOF, wherein the MM-MOF has a gradient in Cu2+ concentration between a center of the MM-MOF and an outer perimeter of the MM-MOF, and wherein concentration of the Cu2+ is higher towards the center of the MM-MOF than the outer perimeter. 2. The MM-MOF of claim 1, which is crystalline by powder x-ray diffraction and has a TBO topology. 3. The MM-MOF of claim 1, comprising the Ni2+ in a range of from 10 to 30 atom. %, and a remainder of the Cu2+. 4. The MM-MOF of claim 1, comprising the Zn2+ in a range of from 10 to 20 atom. %, and a remainder of the Cu2+. 5. The MM-MOF of claim 1, comprising the Co2+ in a range of from 12.5 to 25 atom. %, and a remainder of the Cu2+. 6. The MM-MOF of claim 1, comprising the Fe2+ in a range of from 12 to 22.5 atom. %, and a remainder of the Cu2+. 7. The MM-MOF of claim 1, wherein the Cu2+ gradient is produced by a process comprising solution-based diffusion of the Ni2+, Zn2+, Co2+, and/or Fe2+, into a preexisting MOF comprising the Cu2+ and the 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate. 8. The MM-MOF of claim 1, wherein the linker and the divalent metal cations are ionically bound into the MM-MOF. 9. The MM-MOF of claim 1, having a BET surface area of 600 to 1100 m2/g, a pore volume of 0.200 to 0.400 cm3/g, and/or a mean pore diameter of 1.50 to 1.80 nm. 10. The MM-MOF of claim 1, having a hydrogen gravimetric capacity of 1.02 to 6.5 wt. %. 11. The MM-MOF of claim 1, formed as polyhedral crystals having an average largest leg length in a range of from 1 to 5 μm. 12. A H2 gas storage container, comprising:
the MM-MOF of claim 1. 13. A method of storing H2 gas, the method comprising:
contacting the MM-MOF of claim 1 with a fluid stream comprising H2 gas. 14. A method of making a MM-MOF, the method comprising:
soaking a single-metal MOF, comprising copper cations and 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate bound into the MOF, in a solution comprising a polar organic solvent and a salt of Ni2+, Zn2+, Co2+, and/or Fe2+ for 24 to 120 hours at a temperature of −50 to 150° C. to form the MM-MOF comprising the copper cations, the 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate, and Ni2+, Zn2+, CO2+, and/or Fe2+, wherein the MM-MOF and the single-metal MOF have a TBO topology, wherein the MM-MOF has a divalent metal cation to copper cation ratio in a range of from 1:10 to 1:4, and wherein the mixed-metal MOF has a BET surface area in a range of from 600 to 1100 m2/g, a pore volume in a range of from 0.200 to 0.400 cm3/g, a mean pore diameter in a range of from 1.50 to 1.80 nm, and/or a gravimetric capacity for H2 of 1.02 to 6.5 wt. %. 15. An MM-MOF, comprising:
a linker comprising 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate; copper (II) cations; and nickel (II) cations, wherein a powder x-ray diffraction pattern of the MM-MOF has at least 95% identity with a powder x-ray diffraction pattern of a single-metal copper-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate MOF, and/or wherein MM-MOF is crystalline by PXRD and has TBO topology. 16. The MM-MOF of claim 15, having a gradient in concentration between a center of the MM-MOF and an outer perimeter of the MM-MOF,
wherein concentration of the Cu2+ is higher towards the center of the MM-MOF than the outer perimeter. 17. The MM-MOF of claim 15, comprising no more than 2.5 wt. % amorphous phases. 18. The MM-MOF of claim 15, comprising the Ni2+ in a range of from 10 to 30 atom. %. 19. The MM-MOF of claim 15, comprising the Ni2+ in a range of from 10 to 30 atom. % and a remainder of the Cu2+. 20. The MM-MOF of claim 15, having a gradient in Cu2+ concentration between a center of the MM-MOF and an outer perimeter of the MM-MOF,
wherein concentration of the Cu2+ is higher towards the center of the MM-MOF than the outer perimeter. | 2,400 |
346,727 | 16,805,210 | 2,495 | A signal sending method includes generating, by a first device, at least one first signal based on an ith set of parameters in a first parameter, sending, by the first device, the at least one first signal to a second device on an unlicensed carrier, generating, by the first device, at least one second signal based on a jth set of parameters in a second parameter, and sending, by the first device, the at least one second signal to the second device on a licensed carrier, where N1i, N2i, N3i, N4j, N5j, N6j, I, and J are all integers, N1i×N3i is greater than or equal to 1.512 gigahertz (GHz), wherein the maximum value of N1i is greater than N4j (max(N1i)≥max(N4j)), and wherein the maximum value of N3i is less than N6j (max(N3i)≤max(N6j)). | 1. A signal sending method implemented by a first device, comprising:
generating a first signal based on an ith set of parameters in a first parameter, wherein the first parameter comprises I sets of parameters, wherein the ith set of parameters comprises a subcarrier spacing N1i hertz (Hz), a quantity N2i of available subcarriers, and a quantity N3i of inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) points, and wherein I is greater than or equal to i and i is greater than or equal to 1 (I≥i≥1); sending the first signal to a second device on an unlicensed carrier; generating at least one second signal based on a jth set of parameters in a second parameter, wherein the second parameter comprises J sets of parameters, wherein the jth set of parameters comprises a subcarrier spacing N4j, a quantity N5j of available subcarriers, and a quantity N6j of IDFT points, and wherein J is greater than or equal to j and j is greater than or equal to 1 (J≥j≥1); and sending the at least one second signal to the second device on a licensed carrier, wherein N1i, N2i, N3i, N4j, N5j, N6j, I, and J are all integers, wherein N1i×N3i is greater than or equal to 1.512 GHz, wherein the maximum value of N1i is greater than N4j (max(N1i)≥max(N4j)), and wherein the maximum value of N3i is less than N6j (max(N3i)≤max(N6j)). 2. The signal sending method of claim 1, wherein N1i=15×2k kHz, wherein k is an integer greater than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 8, and wherein N3i is an integral power of 2, a common multiple of 2 and 3, or a common multiple of 2 and 5. 3. The signal sending method of claim 2, wherein the first device is a network device and the second device is a terminal device, wherein the signal sending method further comprises further sending first indication information to the terminal device on the licensed carrier or the unlicensed carrier, and wherein the first indication information indicates a granularity at which the terminal device receives the first signal on the unlicensed carrier. 4. The signal sending method of claim 2, wherein the signal sending method further comprises further sending second indication information to a terminal device on the unlicensed carrier, wherein the second indication information indicates a quantity Xi of available subcarriers of the terminal device in a frequency domain, and wherein N1i×Xi<400 megahertz (MHz). 5. The signal sending method of claim 1, wherein the first device is a network device and a second device is a terminal device, wherein before sending the first signal to the second device on the unlicensed carrier, the signal sending method further comprises:
receiving reporting information of the terminal device on the licensed carrier, wherein the reporting information carries a field indicating that the terminal device supports an unlicensed carrier capability, wherein the field indicating that the terminal device supports the unlicensed carrier capability comprises at least one of a parameter indicating that the terminal device supports an unlicensed channel range, a parameter indicating that the terminal device supports a bandwidth sending capability, or a parameter indicating that the terminal device supports a bandwidth receiving capability; and further sending the first signal to the terminal device on an unlicensed channel supported by the terminal device, wherein the unlicensed channel comprises the unlicensed carrier, and wherein a frequency domain range of the first signal is less than or equal to the bandwidth receiving capability supported by the terminal device. 6. The signal sending method of claim 1, wherein the first device is a network device, the second device is a terminal device, wherein a plurality of first signals comprise a discovery signal when there are the first signals, wherein the discovery signal comprises a synchronization signal block (SS-Block), and wherein N2i is greater than or equal to 256, wherein the signal sending method further comprises sending the SS-Block to the terminal device using 256 subcarriers in the N2i available subcarrier in the unlicensed carrier. 7. The signal sending method of claim 1, wherein the first device is a network device and the second device is a terminal device, wherein a plurality of first signals comprises a discovery signal when there are the first signals, wherein the discovery signal comprises an SS-Block and the N2i available subcarriers in the unlicensed carrier comprise at least one subband, wherein a quantity of subcarriers comprised in each of the at least one subband is greater than or equal to 256 and wherein the signal sending method further comprises further sending, by the network device, the SS-Block to the terminal device using 256 subcarriers in a center of each of the at least one subband. 8. The signal sending method of claim 1, wherein the first device is a network device and the second device is a terminal device, wherein the first signal comprises a plurality of primary synchronization signals (PSSs), secondary synchronization signals (SSSs) and physical broadcast channels (PBCHs), wherein the N2i available subcarriers in the unlicensed carrier comprise a first subband and a second subband and wherein the signal sending method further comprises:
further sending the PSSs, the SSSs, and the PBCHs in the first subband using a first antenna array; and further sending the PSSs, the SSSs, and the PBCHs in the second subband using a second antenna array, wherein the first antenna array is different from the second antenna array, and wherein the first subband is different from the second subband. 9. The signal sending method of claim 1, wherein the first device is a network device and the second device is a terminal device, wherein the first signal comprises a PBCH, wherein the signal sending method further comprises further sending the PBCH to the terminal device on the unlicensed carrier, wherein the PBCH carries a first field, wherein the first field is not carried in the PBCH from the network device on the licensed carrier or the first field is different from a second field, and wherein the second field is a field that corresponds to the first field and that is carried in the PBCH from the network device on the licensed carrier. 10. The signal sending method of claim 1, wherein the first device is a network device and the second device is a terminal device, wherein the first signal comprises a scheduling signal wherein the signal sending method further comprises further sending the scheduling signal to a plurality of terminal devices on the unlicensed carrier, wherein the scheduling signal indicates that a total bandwidth of uplink signals from the terminal devices on the unlicensed carrier is greater than or equal to 70% of 2.16 GHz or the second signal comprises a scheduling signal, wherein the signal sending method further comprises further sending the scheduling signal to a plurality of terminal devices on the licensed carrier, wherein the scheduling signal indicates that a total bandwidth of uplink signals from the terminal devices on the unlicensed carrier is greater than or equal to 70% of 2.16 GHz. 11. The signal sending method of claim 10, wherein after sending the scheduling signal to the terminal devices on the unlicensed carrier, the signal sending method further comprises:
receiving, by the network device, a sixth signal from the terminal device on the unlicensed carrier, wherein a bandwidth of the sixth signal is greater than or equal to 70% of 2.16 GHz; and despreading, by the network device, the received sixth signal to obtain a fifth signal, wherein a despreading factor of the despreading is W, wherein the fifth signal occupies P contiguous available subcarriers, wherein P is less than or equal to N2i/W, and wherein both P and W are integers. 12. A signal receiving method, implemented by a second device, comprising:
receiving a first signal from a first device on an unlicensed carrier, wherein the first signal is generated based on an ith set of parameters in a first parameter, wherein the first parameter comprises I sets of parameters, wherein the ith set of parameters comprises a subcarrier spacing N1i Hz, wherein a quantity N2i of available subcarriers, wherein a quantity N3i of inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) points, and wherein I is greater than or equal to i and i is greater than or equal to 1 (I≥i≥1); and receiving at least one second signal from the first device on a licensed carrier, wherein the second signal is generated based on a jth set of parameters in a second parameter, wherein the second parameter comprises J sets of parameters, wherein the jth set of parameters comprises a subcarrier spacing N4j, wherein a quantity N5j of available subcarriers, wherein a quantity N6j of IDFT points, wherein J is greater than or equal to j and j is greater than or equal to 1 (J≥j≥1), N1i, N2i, N3i, N4j, N5j, N6j, I, and J are all integers, wherein N1i×N3i is greater than or equal to 1.512 GHz, wherein the maximum value of N1i is greater than N4j (max(N1i)≥max(N4j)), and wherein the maximum value of N3i is less than N6j (max(N3i)≤max(N6j)). 13. A first device, comprising:
a processor configured to:
generate a first signal based on an ith set of parameters in a first parameter, wherein the first parameter comprises I sets of parameters, wherein the ith set of parameters comprises a subcarrier spacing N1i Hz, wherein a quantity N2i of available subcarriers, wherein a quantity N3i of inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) points, and wherein I is greater than or equal to i and i is greater than or equal to 1 (I≥i≥1); and
generate at least one second signal based on a jth set of parameters in a second parameter, wherein the second parameter comprises J sets of parameters, the jth set of parameters comprises a subcarrier spacing N4j, a quantity N5j of available subcarriers, and a quantity N6j of IDFT points, and wherein J is greater than or equal to j and j is greater than or equal to 1 (J≥j≥1),
a transceiver, coupled to the processor and configured to:
send the first signal to a second device on an unlicensed carrier; and
send the at least one second signal to the second device on a licensed carrier, wherein N1i, N2i, N3i, N4j, N5j, N6j, I, and J are all integers, N1i×N3i is greater than or equal to 1.512 GHz, wherein the maximum value of N1i is greater than N4j (max(N1i)≥max(N4j)), and wherein the maximum value of N3i is less than N6j (max(N3i)≤max(N6j)). 14. The first device of claim 13, wherein N1i=15×2k kHz, wherein k is an integer greater than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 8, and wherein N3i is an integral power of 2, a common multiple of 2 and 3, or a common multiple of 2 and 5. 15. The first device of claim 14, wherein the first device is a network device, and the second device is a terminal device, wherein the transceiver is further configured to send first indication information to the terminal device on the licensed carrier or the unlicensed carrier, wherein the first indication information indicates a granularity at which the terminal device receives the first signal on the unlicensed carrier. 16. The first device of claim 13, wherein the first device is a network device, and the second device is a terminal device, wherein the transceiver is further configured to:
receive reporting information of the terminal device on the licensed carrier, wherein the reporting information carries a field indicating that the terminal device supports an unlicensed carrier capability, and wherein the field indicating that the terminal device supports the unlicensed carrier capability comprises at least one of a parameter indicating that the terminal device supports an unlicensed channel range, a parameter indicating that the terminal device supports a bandwidth sending capability or a parameter indicating that the terminal device supports a bandwidth receiving capability, wherein sending the first signal to the second device on the unlicensed carrier, the transceiver is further configured to concurrently send the first signal to the terminal device on an unlicensed channel supported by the terminal device, wherein the unlicensed channel comprises the unlicensed carrier, and wherein a frequency domain range of the first signal is less than or equal to the bandwidth receiving capability supported by the terminal device. 17. The first device of claim 13, wherein the first device is a network device, the second device is a terminal device, wherein a plurality of first signals comprise a discovery signal when there are the first signals, wherein the discovery signal comprises an synchronization signal block (SS-Block), wherein the N2i available subcarriers in the unlicensed carrier comprise at least one subband, and wherein a quantity of subcarriers comprised in each of the at least one subband is greater than or equal to 256, wherein the transceiver is further configured to send the SS-Block to the terminal device by using 256 subcarriers in a center of each of the at least one subband when sending the first signal to the second device on the unlicensed carrier. 18. The first device of claim 13, wherein the first device is a network device, wherein the second device is a terminal device, wherein the first signal comprises a plurality of primary synchronization signals (PSSs), secondary synchronization signals (SSSs), and physical broadcast channels (PBCHs), and wherein the N2i available subcarriers in the unlicensed carrier comprise at least a first subband and a second subband, and wherein the transceiver is further configured to:
further send the PSSs, the SSSs, and the PBCHs in the first subband using a first antenna array; and send the PSSs, the SSSs, and the PBCHs in the second subband using a second antenna array, wherein the first antenna array is different from the second antenna array, and wherein the first subband is different from the second subband. 19. The first device of claim 13, wherein the first device is a network device, wherein the second device is a terminal device, wherein the first signal comprises at least a PBCH, wherein the transceiver is further configured to concurrently send the PBCH to the terminal device on the unlicensed carrier when sending the first signal to the second device on the unlicensed carrier, wherein the PBCH carries a first field, wherein the first field is a field that is not carried in the PBCH from the network device on the licensed carrier or the first field is different from a second field, and wherein the second field is corresponds to the first field and that is carried in the PBCH from the network device on the licensed carrier. 20. The first device of claim 13, wherein the first device is a network device, wherein the second device is a terminal device, wherein the first signal comprises a scheduling signal, wherein the transceiver is further configured to concurrently send the scheduling signal to a plurality of terminal devices on the unlicensed carrier when sending the first signal to the second device on the unlicensed carrier, wherein the scheduling signal indicates that a total bandwidth of uplink signals from the terminal devices on the unlicensed carrier is greater than or equal to 70% of 2.16 GHz, or the first device is the network device, wherein the second device is the terminal device, wherein the second signal comprises the scheduling signal, wherein the transceiver is further configured to concurrently send the scheduling signal to a plurality of terminal devices on the licensed carrier when sending the at least one second signal to the second device on the licensed carrier, and wherein the scheduling signal indicates that a total bandwidth of uplink signals from the terminal devices on the unlicensed carrier is greater than or equal to 70% of 2.16 GHz. | A signal sending method includes generating, by a first device, at least one first signal based on an ith set of parameters in a first parameter, sending, by the first device, the at least one first signal to a second device on an unlicensed carrier, generating, by the first device, at least one second signal based on a jth set of parameters in a second parameter, and sending, by the first device, the at least one second signal to the second device on a licensed carrier, where N1i, N2i, N3i, N4j, N5j, N6j, I, and J are all integers, N1i×N3i is greater than or equal to 1.512 gigahertz (GHz), wherein the maximum value of N1i is greater than N4j (max(N1i)≥max(N4j)), and wherein the maximum value of N3i is less than N6j (max(N3i)≤max(N6j)).1. A signal sending method implemented by a first device, comprising:
generating a first signal based on an ith set of parameters in a first parameter, wherein the first parameter comprises I sets of parameters, wherein the ith set of parameters comprises a subcarrier spacing N1i hertz (Hz), a quantity N2i of available subcarriers, and a quantity N3i of inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) points, and wherein I is greater than or equal to i and i is greater than or equal to 1 (I≥i≥1); sending the first signal to a second device on an unlicensed carrier; generating at least one second signal based on a jth set of parameters in a second parameter, wherein the second parameter comprises J sets of parameters, wherein the jth set of parameters comprises a subcarrier spacing N4j, a quantity N5j of available subcarriers, and a quantity N6j of IDFT points, and wherein J is greater than or equal to j and j is greater than or equal to 1 (J≥j≥1); and sending the at least one second signal to the second device on a licensed carrier, wherein N1i, N2i, N3i, N4j, N5j, N6j, I, and J are all integers, wherein N1i×N3i is greater than or equal to 1.512 GHz, wherein the maximum value of N1i is greater than N4j (max(N1i)≥max(N4j)), and wherein the maximum value of N3i is less than N6j (max(N3i)≤max(N6j)). 2. The signal sending method of claim 1, wherein N1i=15×2k kHz, wherein k is an integer greater than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 8, and wherein N3i is an integral power of 2, a common multiple of 2 and 3, or a common multiple of 2 and 5. 3. The signal sending method of claim 2, wherein the first device is a network device and the second device is a terminal device, wherein the signal sending method further comprises further sending first indication information to the terminal device on the licensed carrier or the unlicensed carrier, and wherein the first indication information indicates a granularity at which the terminal device receives the first signal on the unlicensed carrier. 4. The signal sending method of claim 2, wherein the signal sending method further comprises further sending second indication information to a terminal device on the unlicensed carrier, wherein the second indication information indicates a quantity Xi of available subcarriers of the terminal device in a frequency domain, and wherein N1i×Xi<400 megahertz (MHz). 5. The signal sending method of claim 1, wherein the first device is a network device and a second device is a terminal device, wherein before sending the first signal to the second device on the unlicensed carrier, the signal sending method further comprises:
receiving reporting information of the terminal device on the licensed carrier, wherein the reporting information carries a field indicating that the terminal device supports an unlicensed carrier capability, wherein the field indicating that the terminal device supports the unlicensed carrier capability comprises at least one of a parameter indicating that the terminal device supports an unlicensed channel range, a parameter indicating that the terminal device supports a bandwidth sending capability, or a parameter indicating that the terminal device supports a bandwidth receiving capability; and further sending the first signal to the terminal device on an unlicensed channel supported by the terminal device, wherein the unlicensed channel comprises the unlicensed carrier, and wherein a frequency domain range of the first signal is less than or equal to the bandwidth receiving capability supported by the terminal device. 6. The signal sending method of claim 1, wherein the first device is a network device, the second device is a terminal device, wherein a plurality of first signals comprise a discovery signal when there are the first signals, wherein the discovery signal comprises a synchronization signal block (SS-Block), and wherein N2i is greater than or equal to 256, wherein the signal sending method further comprises sending the SS-Block to the terminal device using 256 subcarriers in the N2i available subcarrier in the unlicensed carrier. 7. The signal sending method of claim 1, wherein the first device is a network device and the second device is a terminal device, wherein a plurality of first signals comprises a discovery signal when there are the first signals, wherein the discovery signal comprises an SS-Block and the N2i available subcarriers in the unlicensed carrier comprise at least one subband, wherein a quantity of subcarriers comprised in each of the at least one subband is greater than or equal to 256 and wherein the signal sending method further comprises further sending, by the network device, the SS-Block to the terminal device using 256 subcarriers in a center of each of the at least one subband. 8. The signal sending method of claim 1, wherein the first device is a network device and the second device is a terminal device, wherein the first signal comprises a plurality of primary synchronization signals (PSSs), secondary synchronization signals (SSSs) and physical broadcast channels (PBCHs), wherein the N2i available subcarriers in the unlicensed carrier comprise a first subband and a second subband and wherein the signal sending method further comprises:
further sending the PSSs, the SSSs, and the PBCHs in the first subband using a first antenna array; and further sending the PSSs, the SSSs, and the PBCHs in the second subband using a second antenna array, wherein the first antenna array is different from the second antenna array, and wherein the first subband is different from the second subband. 9. The signal sending method of claim 1, wherein the first device is a network device and the second device is a terminal device, wherein the first signal comprises a PBCH, wherein the signal sending method further comprises further sending the PBCH to the terminal device on the unlicensed carrier, wherein the PBCH carries a first field, wherein the first field is not carried in the PBCH from the network device on the licensed carrier or the first field is different from a second field, and wherein the second field is a field that corresponds to the first field and that is carried in the PBCH from the network device on the licensed carrier. 10. The signal sending method of claim 1, wherein the first device is a network device and the second device is a terminal device, wherein the first signal comprises a scheduling signal wherein the signal sending method further comprises further sending the scheduling signal to a plurality of terminal devices on the unlicensed carrier, wherein the scheduling signal indicates that a total bandwidth of uplink signals from the terminal devices on the unlicensed carrier is greater than or equal to 70% of 2.16 GHz or the second signal comprises a scheduling signal, wherein the signal sending method further comprises further sending the scheduling signal to a plurality of terminal devices on the licensed carrier, wherein the scheduling signal indicates that a total bandwidth of uplink signals from the terminal devices on the unlicensed carrier is greater than or equal to 70% of 2.16 GHz. 11. The signal sending method of claim 10, wherein after sending the scheduling signal to the terminal devices on the unlicensed carrier, the signal sending method further comprises:
receiving, by the network device, a sixth signal from the terminal device on the unlicensed carrier, wherein a bandwidth of the sixth signal is greater than or equal to 70% of 2.16 GHz; and despreading, by the network device, the received sixth signal to obtain a fifth signal, wherein a despreading factor of the despreading is W, wherein the fifth signal occupies P contiguous available subcarriers, wherein P is less than or equal to N2i/W, and wherein both P and W are integers. 12. A signal receiving method, implemented by a second device, comprising:
receiving a first signal from a first device on an unlicensed carrier, wherein the first signal is generated based on an ith set of parameters in a first parameter, wherein the first parameter comprises I sets of parameters, wherein the ith set of parameters comprises a subcarrier spacing N1i Hz, wherein a quantity N2i of available subcarriers, wherein a quantity N3i of inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) points, and wherein I is greater than or equal to i and i is greater than or equal to 1 (I≥i≥1); and receiving at least one second signal from the first device on a licensed carrier, wherein the second signal is generated based on a jth set of parameters in a second parameter, wherein the second parameter comprises J sets of parameters, wherein the jth set of parameters comprises a subcarrier spacing N4j, wherein a quantity N5j of available subcarriers, wherein a quantity N6j of IDFT points, wherein J is greater than or equal to j and j is greater than or equal to 1 (J≥j≥1), N1i, N2i, N3i, N4j, N5j, N6j, I, and J are all integers, wherein N1i×N3i is greater than or equal to 1.512 GHz, wherein the maximum value of N1i is greater than N4j (max(N1i)≥max(N4j)), and wherein the maximum value of N3i is less than N6j (max(N3i)≤max(N6j)). 13. A first device, comprising:
a processor configured to:
generate a first signal based on an ith set of parameters in a first parameter, wherein the first parameter comprises I sets of parameters, wherein the ith set of parameters comprises a subcarrier spacing N1i Hz, wherein a quantity N2i of available subcarriers, wherein a quantity N3i of inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) points, and wherein I is greater than or equal to i and i is greater than or equal to 1 (I≥i≥1); and
generate at least one second signal based on a jth set of parameters in a second parameter, wherein the second parameter comprises J sets of parameters, the jth set of parameters comprises a subcarrier spacing N4j, a quantity N5j of available subcarriers, and a quantity N6j of IDFT points, and wherein J is greater than or equal to j and j is greater than or equal to 1 (J≥j≥1),
a transceiver, coupled to the processor and configured to:
send the first signal to a second device on an unlicensed carrier; and
send the at least one second signal to the second device on a licensed carrier, wherein N1i, N2i, N3i, N4j, N5j, N6j, I, and J are all integers, N1i×N3i is greater than or equal to 1.512 GHz, wherein the maximum value of N1i is greater than N4j (max(N1i)≥max(N4j)), and wherein the maximum value of N3i is less than N6j (max(N3i)≤max(N6j)). 14. The first device of claim 13, wherein N1i=15×2k kHz, wherein k is an integer greater than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 8, and wherein N3i is an integral power of 2, a common multiple of 2 and 3, or a common multiple of 2 and 5. 15. The first device of claim 14, wherein the first device is a network device, and the second device is a terminal device, wherein the transceiver is further configured to send first indication information to the terminal device on the licensed carrier or the unlicensed carrier, wherein the first indication information indicates a granularity at which the terminal device receives the first signal on the unlicensed carrier. 16. The first device of claim 13, wherein the first device is a network device, and the second device is a terminal device, wherein the transceiver is further configured to:
receive reporting information of the terminal device on the licensed carrier, wherein the reporting information carries a field indicating that the terminal device supports an unlicensed carrier capability, and wherein the field indicating that the terminal device supports the unlicensed carrier capability comprises at least one of a parameter indicating that the terminal device supports an unlicensed channel range, a parameter indicating that the terminal device supports a bandwidth sending capability or a parameter indicating that the terminal device supports a bandwidth receiving capability, wherein sending the first signal to the second device on the unlicensed carrier, the transceiver is further configured to concurrently send the first signal to the terminal device on an unlicensed channel supported by the terminal device, wherein the unlicensed channel comprises the unlicensed carrier, and wherein a frequency domain range of the first signal is less than or equal to the bandwidth receiving capability supported by the terminal device. 17. The first device of claim 13, wherein the first device is a network device, the second device is a terminal device, wherein a plurality of first signals comprise a discovery signal when there are the first signals, wherein the discovery signal comprises an synchronization signal block (SS-Block), wherein the N2i available subcarriers in the unlicensed carrier comprise at least one subband, and wherein a quantity of subcarriers comprised in each of the at least one subband is greater than or equal to 256, wherein the transceiver is further configured to send the SS-Block to the terminal device by using 256 subcarriers in a center of each of the at least one subband when sending the first signal to the second device on the unlicensed carrier. 18. The first device of claim 13, wherein the first device is a network device, wherein the second device is a terminal device, wherein the first signal comprises a plurality of primary synchronization signals (PSSs), secondary synchronization signals (SSSs), and physical broadcast channels (PBCHs), and wherein the N2i available subcarriers in the unlicensed carrier comprise at least a first subband and a second subband, and wherein the transceiver is further configured to:
further send the PSSs, the SSSs, and the PBCHs in the first subband using a first antenna array; and send the PSSs, the SSSs, and the PBCHs in the second subband using a second antenna array, wherein the first antenna array is different from the second antenna array, and wherein the first subband is different from the second subband. 19. The first device of claim 13, wherein the first device is a network device, wherein the second device is a terminal device, wherein the first signal comprises at least a PBCH, wherein the transceiver is further configured to concurrently send the PBCH to the terminal device on the unlicensed carrier when sending the first signal to the second device on the unlicensed carrier, wherein the PBCH carries a first field, wherein the first field is a field that is not carried in the PBCH from the network device on the licensed carrier or the first field is different from a second field, and wherein the second field is corresponds to the first field and that is carried in the PBCH from the network device on the licensed carrier. 20. The first device of claim 13, wherein the first device is a network device, wherein the second device is a terminal device, wherein the first signal comprises a scheduling signal, wherein the transceiver is further configured to concurrently send the scheduling signal to a plurality of terminal devices on the unlicensed carrier when sending the first signal to the second device on the unlicensed carrier, wherein the scheduling signal indicates that a total bandwidth of uplink signals from the terminal devices on the unlicensed carrier is greater than or equal to 70% of 2.16 GHz, or the first device is the network device, wherein the second device is the terminal device, wherein the second signal comprises the scheduling signal, wherein the transceiver is further configured to concurrently send the scheduling signal to a plurality of terminal devices on the licensed carrier when sending the at least one second signal to the second device on the licensed carrier, and wherein the scheduling signal indicates that a total bandwidth of uplink signals from the terminal devices on the unlicensed carrier is greater than or equal to 70% of 2.16 GHz. | 2,400 |
346,728 | 16,805,196 | 1,626 | Stereomerically pure (+)-2-[1-(3-Ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylsulfonylethyl]-4-acetylaminoisoindoline-1,3-dione, substantially free of its (−) isomer, and prodrugs, metabolites, polymorphs, salts, solvates, hydrates, and clathrates thereof are discussed. Also discussed are methods of using and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the (+) enantiomer of 2-[1-(3-Ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylsulfonylethyl]-4-acetylaminoisoindoline-1,3-dione are disclosed. The methods include methods of treating and/or preventing disorders ameliorated by the reduction of levels of TNF-α or the inhibition of PDE4. | 1.-9. (canceled) 10. A pharmaceutical composition comprising stereomerically pure (+)-2-[1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylsulfonylethyl]-4-acetylaminoisoindoline-1,3-dione, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or hydrate thereof, and a propellant, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is an aerosol dosage form. 11. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 10, wherein the propellant comprises a halogenated hydrocarbon. 12. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein the propellant is selected from the group consisting of trichloromonofluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, and combinations thereof. 13. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 10, wherein the propellant is trichloromonofluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, and dichlorotetrafluoromethane. 14. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 10 comprising:
a. 0.17 wt. % (+)-2-[1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylsulfonylethyl]-4-acetylaminoisoindoline-1,3-dione,
b. 24.20 wt. % trichloromonofluoromethane,
c. 53.11 wt. % dichlorodifluoromethane, and
d. 22.52 wt. % dichlorotetrafluoroethane. | Stereomerically pure (+)-2-[1-(3-Ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylsulfonylethyl]-4-acetylaminoisoindoline-1,3-dione, substantially free of its (−) isomer, and prodrugs, metabolites, polymorphs, salts, solvates, hydrates, and clathrates thereof are discussed. Also discussed are methods of using and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the (+) enantiomer of 2-[1-(3-Ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylsulfonylethyl]-4-acetylaminoisoindoline-1,3-dione are disclosed. The methods include methods of treating and/or preventing disorders ameliorated by the reduction of levels of TNF-α or the inhibition of PDE4.1.-9. (canceled) 10. A pharmaceutical composition comprising stereomerically pure (+)-2-[1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylsulfonylethyl]-4-acetylaminoisoindoline-1,3-dione, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or hydrate thereof, and a propellant, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is an aerosol dosage form. 11. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 10, wherein the propellant comprises a halogenated hydrocarbon. 12. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein the propellant is selected from the group consisting of trichloromonofluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, and combinations thereof. 13. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 10, wherein the propellant is trichloromonofluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, and dichlorotetrafluoromethane. 14. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 10 comprising:
a. 0.17 wt. % (+)-2-[1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylsulfonylethyl]-4-acetylaminoisoindoline-1,3-dione,
b. 24.20 wt. % trichloromonofluoromethane,
c. 53.11 wt. % dichlorodifluoromethane, and
d. 22.52 wt. % dichlorotetrafluoroethane. | 1,600 |
346,729 | 16,805,219 | 1,789 | An adhesive tape is made by providing an elongated and laminated substrate band formed by a woven fabric layer forming an outer face of the band and a flat sound-damping web forming an inner face of the band and comprised of a nonwoven, velour, or foam and then applying an adhesive coating to the inner face of the substrate band formed by the sound-damping web and also providing a marking stripe extending longitudinally of the band on the outer face of the substrate and having a coloring different from that of the woven fabric layer. Thereafter the tape is wound generally helically in succeeding overlapping turns around an elongated object with the inner face turned inward and adhering to the object and the outer face turned outward away from the object while positioning an edge of each turn along the marking strip of the preceding turn while leaving a portion of the preceding exposed. | 1. A method of making and using an adhesive tape, the method comprising the steps of:
providing an elongated and laminated substrate band formed by a woven fabric layer forming an outer face of the band and a flat sound-damping web forming an inner face of the band and comprised of a nonwoven, velour, or foam; applying an adhesive coating to the inner face of the substrate band formed by the sound-damping web; providing a marking stripe extending longitudinally of the band on the outer face of the substrate and having a coloring different from that of the woven fabric layer; and thereafter winding the tape generally helically in succeeding overlapping turns around an elongated object with the inner face turned inward and adhering to the object and the outer face turned outward away from the object while positioning an edge of each turn along the marking strip of the preceding turn while leaving a portion of the preceding exposed. 2. The adhesive tape defined in claim 1, wherein the substrate band is provided with the adhesive coating over the entire surface of the inner face. 3. The adhesive tape defined in claim 1, wherein the marking is a stripe worked into the substrate band as a continuous sewing thread, or is applied to the substrate band. 4. The adhesive tape defined in claim 1, wherein the marking is a continuous or interrupted stripe that is applied to or introduced into the substrate band at a predefined spacing from an edge covered by the following turn. 5. The adhesive tape defined in claim 4, wherein a spacing of the stripe from the covered edge is 50% or less of the width of the substrate band. 5. The adhesive tape defined in claim 1, wherein the marking is applied to the substrate band by imprinting, embossing, sewing, gluing, laser, spraying, rolling-on, etc., or combinations thereof. 6. The adhesive tape defined in claim 1, wherein the strip covers only part of a width but the full length of the outer face, the inner face of the substrate band formed by the sound-damping web being completely covered by the adhesive coating. | An adhesive tape is made by providing an elongated and laminated substrate band formed by a woven fabric layer forming an outer face of the band and a flat sound-damping web forming an inner face of the band and comprised of a nonwoven, velour, or foam and then applying an adhesive coating to the inner face of the substrate band formed by the sound-damping web and also providing a marking stripe extending longitudinally of the band on the outer face of the substrate and having a coloring different from that of the woven fabric layer. Thereafter the tape is wound generally helically in succeeding overlapping turns around an elongated object with the inner face turned inward and adhering to the object and the outer face turned outward away from the object while positioning an edge of each turn along the marking strip of the preceding turn while leaving a portion of the preceding exposed.1. A method of making and using an adhesive tape, the method comprising the steps of:
providing an elongated and laminated substrate band formed by a woven fabric layer forming an outer face of the band and a flat sound-damping web forming an inner face of the band and comprised of a nonwoven, velour, or foam; applying an adhesive coating to the inner face of the substrate band formed by the sound-damping web; providing a marking stripe extending longitudinally of the band on the outer face of the substrate and having a coloring different from that of the woven fabric layer; and thereafter winding the tape generally helically in succeeding overlapping turns around an elongated object with the inner face turned inward and adhering to the object and the outer face turned outward away from the object while positioning an edge of each turn along the marking strip of the preceding turn while leaving a portion of the preceding exposed. 2. The adhesive tape defined in claim 1, wherein the substrate band is provided with the adhesive coating over the entire surface of the inner face. 3. The adhesive tape defined in claim 1, wherein the marking is a stripe worked into the substrate band as a continuous sewing thread, or is applied to the substrate band. 4. The adhesive tape defined in claim 1, wherein the marking is a continuous or interrupted stripe that is applied to or introduced into the substrate band at a predefined spacing from an edge covered by the following turn. 5. The adhesive tape defined in claim 4, wherein a spacing of the stripe from the covered edge is 50% or less of the width of the substrate band. 5. The adhesive tape defined in claim 1, wherein the marking is applied to the substrate band by imprinting, embossing, sewing, gluing, laser, spraying, rolling-on, etc., or combinations thereof. 6. The adhesive tape defined in claim 1, wherein the strip covers only part of a width but the full length of the outer face, the inner face of the substrate band formed by the sound-damping web being completely covered by the adhesive coating. | 1,700 |
346,730 | 16,805,192 | 1,789 | An information writing method is applied to an non-volatile dual in-line memory module (NVDIMM), the NVDIMM includes an NVDIMM controller and a non-volatile memory (NVM), and the method includes receiving, by the NVDIMM controller, a sanitize command from a host, where the sanitize command is used to instruct the NVDIMM controller to sanitize data in the NVM using a first write pattern, and the first write pattern is one of at least two patterns of writing information into the NVM, and writing, by the NVDIMM controller, information into the NVM according to the sanitize command. | 1. An information writing method, implemented by a non-volatile dual in-line memory module (NVDIMM), comprising:
receiving a sanitize command from a host, wherein the sanitize command instructs an NVDIMM controller to sanitize data in an NVM using a first write pattern, wherein the NVDIMM comprises the NVDIMM controller and the non-volatile memory (NVM), and wherein the first write pattern is one of at least two patterns of writing information into the NVM; and writing information into the NVM according to the sanitize command. 2. The information writing method of claim 1, wherein the first write pattern is a power-saving write pattern among the at least two patterns of writing information. 3. The information writing method of claim 1, wherein receiving the sanitize command from the host comprises receiving the sanitize command from the host using a command bus. 4. The information writing method of claim 1, further comprising setting a sanitizing status to a readable state, wherein the readable state indicates that the host is allowed to track execution of the sanitize command. 5. The information writing method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a first check command from the host, wherein the first check command instructs the NVDIMM controller to check whether an uncompleted read request or an uncompleted write request exists in a buffer, checking the buffer according to the first check command; sending a first check result to the host, wherein the first check result indicates that no uncompleted read request or uncompleted write request exists in the buffer, receiving a second check command from the host, wherein the second check command instructs the NVDIMM controller to check whether an uncompleted write request exists in a controller of the NVM; checking the controller of the NVM according to the second check command; and sending a second check result to the host, wherein the second check result indicates that no uncompleted write request exists in the controller of the NVM. 6. The information writing method of claim 1, wherein the sanitize command is in a NVDIMM-P protocol for either a double data rate 5 (DDR5) interface, or a double data rate 4 (DDR4) interface. 7. An information writing method performed by a host, wherein the information writing method comprises:
generating a sanitize command, wherein the sanitize command instructs an a non-volatile dual in-line memory module (NVDIMM) controller in a NVDIMM to sanitize data in an non-volatile memory (NVM) using a first write pattern, wherein the NVDIMM comprises the NVDIMM controller and the NVM, and wherein the first write pattern is one of at least two patterns of writing information into the NVM; and sending the sanitize command to the NVDIMM controller. 8. The information writing method of claim 7, wherein the generating a sanitize command comprises generating the sanitize command based on a type of the NVM, wherein the first write pattern is a power-saving write pattern among the at least two patterns of writing information. 9. The information writing method of claim 7, wherein sending the sanitize command to the NVDIMM controller comprises: sending the sanitize command to the NVDIMM controller using a command bus. 10. The information writing method of claim 7, further comprising sending a tracking command to the NVDIMM controller, wherein the tracking command tracks execution of the sanitize command. 11. The information writing method of claim 7, further comprising:
sending a first check command to the NVDIMM controller, wherein the first check command instructs the NVDIMM controller to check whether an uncompleted read or write request exists in a buffer; receiving a first check result from the NVDIMM controller, wherein the first check result indicates that no uncompleted read or write request exists in the buffer; sending a second check command to the NVDIMM controller, wherein the second check command instructs the NVDIMM controller to check whether an uncompleted write request exists in a controller of the NVM; and receiving a second check result from the NVDIMM controller, wherein the second check result indicates that no uncompleted write request exists in the controller of the NVM; and sending the sanitize command to the NVDIMM controller based on the first check result and the second check result. 12. The information writing method of claim 7, wherein the sanitize command is in a NVDIMM-P protocol for either a double data rate 5 (DDR5) interface, or a double data rate 4 (DDR4) interface. 13. A non-volatile dual in-line memory module (NVDIMM), comprising:
a non-volatile memory (NVM), and an NVDIMM controller coupled to the NVM and configured to:
receive a sanitize command from a host, wherein the sanitize command instructs the NVDIMM controller to sanitize data in the NVM using a first write pattern, wherein the first write pattern is one of at least two patterns of writing information into the NVM; and
write information into the NVM according to the sanitize command. 14. The NVDIMM of the claim 13, wherein the first write pattern is a power-saving write pattern among the at least two patterns of writing information. 15. The NVDIMM of the claim 13, wherein the NVDIMM controller is configured to receive the sanitize command from the host using a command bus. 16. The NVDIMM of the claim 13, wherein the NVDIMM controller is further configured to set a sanitizing status to a readable state, wherein the readable state indicates that the host is allowed to track execution of the sanitize command. 17. The NVDIMM of the claim 13, wherein the sanitize command is in a NVDIMM-P protocol for either a double data rate 5 (DDR5) interface, or a double data rate 4 (DDR4) interface. 18. A computing system, comprising:
a non-volatile dual in-line memory module (NVDIMM) comprising an NVDIMM controller a non-volatile memory (NVM); and a processor connected to the NVDIMM and configured to:
generate a sanitize command, wherein the sanitize command instructs the NVDIMM controller to sanitize data in the NVM using a first write pattern, and wherein the first write pattern is one of at least two patterns of writing information into the NVM; and
send the sanitize command to the NVDIMM controller. 19. The computing system of claim 18, wherein the processor is configured to generate the sanitize command based on a type of the NVM, and wherein the first write pattern is a power-saving write pattern among the at least two patterns of writing information. 20. The computing system of claim 18, wherein the sanitize command is in a NVDIMM-P protocol for either a double data a double data rate 4 (DDR4) interface. | An information writing method is applied to an non-volatile dual in-line memory module (NVDIMM), the NVDIMM includes an NVDIMM controller and a non-volatile memory (NVM), and the method includes receiving, by the NVDIMM controller, a sanitize command from a host, where the sanitize command is used to instruct the NVDIMM controller to sanitize data in the NVM using a first write pattern, and the first write pattern is one of at least two patterns of writing information into the NVM, and writing, by the NVDIMM controller, information into the NVM according to the sanitize command.1. An information writing method, implemented by a non-volatile dual in-line memory module (NVDIMM), comprising:
receiving a sanitize command from a host, wherein the sanitize command instructs an NVDIMM controller to sanitize data in an NVM using a first write pattern, wherein the NVDIMM comprises the NVDIMM controller and the non-volatile memory (NVM), and wherein the first write pattern is one of at least two patterns of writing information into the NVM; and writing information into the NVM according to the sanitize command. 2. The information writing method of claim 1, wherein the first write pattern is a power-saving write pattern among the at least two patterns of writing information. 3. The information writing method of claim 1, wherein receiving the sanitize command from the host comprises receiving the sanitize command from the host using a command bus. 4. The information writing method of claim 1, further comprising setting a sanitizing status to a readable state, wherein the readable state indicates that the host is allowed to track execution of the sanitize command. 5. The information writing method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a first check command from the host, wherein the first check command instructs the NVDIMM controller to check whether an uncompleted read request or an uncompleted write request exists in a buffer, checking the buffer according to the first check command; sending a first check result to the host, wherein the first check result indicates that no uncompleted read request or uncompleted write request exists in the buffer, receiving a second check command from the host, wherein the second check command instructs the NVDIMM controller to check whether an uncompleted write request exists in a controller of the NVM; checking the controller of the NVM according to the second check command; and sending a second check result to the host, wherein the second check result indicates that no uncompleted write request exists in the controller of the NVM. 6. The information writing method of claim 1, wherein the sanitize command is in a NVDIMM-P protocol for either a double data rate 5 (DDR5) interface, or a double data rate 4 (DDR4) interface. 7. An information writing method performed by a host, wherein the information writing method comprises:
generating a sanitize command, wherein the sanitize command instructs an a non-volatile dual in-line memory module (NVDIMM) controller in a NVDIMM to sanitize data in an non-volatile memory (NVM) using a first write pattern, wherein the NVDIMM comprises the NVDIMM controller and the NVM, and wherein the first write pattern is one of at least two patterns of writing information into the NVM; and sending the sanitize command to the NVDIMM controller. 8. The information writing method of claim 7, wherein the generating a sanitize command comprises generating the sanitize command based on a type of the NVM, wherein the first write pattern is a power-saving write pattern among the at least two patterns of writing information. 9. The information writing method of claim 7, wherein sending the sanitize command to the NVDIMM controller comprises: sending the sanitize command to the NVDIMM controller using a command bus. 10. The information writing method of claim 7, further comprising sending a tracking command to the NVDIMM controller, wherein the tracking command tracks execution of the sanitize command. 11. The information writing method of claim 7, further comprising:
sending a first check command to the NVDIMM controller, wherein the first check command instructs the NVDIMM controller to check whether an uncompleted read or write request exists in a buffer; receiving a first check result from the NVDIMM controller, wherein the first check result indicates that no uncompleted read or write request exists in the buffer; sending a second check command to the NVDIMM controller, wherein the second check command instructs the NVDIMM controller to check whether an uncompleted write request exists in a controller of the NVM; and receiving a second check result from the NVDIMM controller, wherein the second check result indicates that no uncompleted write request exists in the controller of the NVM; and sending the sanitize command to the NVDIMM controller based on the first check result and the second check result. 12. The information writing method of claim 7, wherein the sanitize command is in a NVDIMM-P protocol for either a double data rate 5 (DDR5) interface, or a double data rate 4 (DDR4) interface. 13. A non-volatile dual in-line memory module (NVDIMM), comprising:
a non-volatile memory (NVM), and an NVDIMM controller coupled to the NVM and configured to:
receive a sanitize command from a host, wherein the sanitize command instructs the NVDIMM controller to sanitize data in the NVM using a first write pattern, wherein the first write pattern is one of at least two patterns of writing information into the NVM; and
write information into the NVM according to the sanitize command. 14. The NVDIMM of the claim 13, wherein the first write pattern is a power-saving write pattern among the at least two patterns of writing information. 15. The NVDIMM of the claim 13, wherein the NVDIMM controller is configured to receive the sanitize command from the host using a command bus. 16. The NVDIMM of the claim 13, wherein the NVDIMM controller is further configured to set a sanitizing status to a readable state, wherein the readable state indicates that the host is allowed to track execution of the sanitize command. 17. The NVDIMM of the claim 13, wherein the sanitize command is in a NVDIMM-P protocol for either a double data rate 5 (DDR5) interface, or a double data rate 4 (DDR4) interface. 18. A computing system, comprising:
a non-volatile dual in-line memory module (NVDIMM) comprising an NVDIMM controller a non-volatile memory (NVM); and a processor connected to the NVDIMM and configured to:
generate a sanitize command, wherein the sanitize command instructs the NVDIMM controller to sanitize data in the NVM using a first write pattern, and wherein the first write pattern is one of at least two patterns of writing information into the NVM; and
send the sanitize command to the NVDIMM controller. 19. The computing system of claim 18, wherein the processor is configured to generate the sanitize command based on a type of the NVM, and wherein the first write pattern is a power-saving write pattern among the at least two patterns of writing information. 20. The computing system of claim 18, wherein the sanitize command is in a NVDIMM-P protocol for either a double data a double data rate 4 (DDR4) interface. | 1,700 |
346,731 | 16,805,182 | 1,789 | Examples described herein relate to transitioning a playback session between portable playback devices such as “smart” headphones, earbuds, and handheld speakers with playback devices of a zone-based media playback system. Exemplary techniques facilitate continuity of playback when transitioning between locations (e.g., from at home to on-the-go or vice versa) or between listening paradigms (e.g., personal or out-loud playback of audio content). An example implementation includes detecting a swap trigger, determining the source playback device(s) and target playback device(s), and performing a playback session swap between the source playback device(s) and target playback device(s). | 1. A portable playback device comprising:
one or more network interfaces, wherein the one or more network interfaces comprises an 802.11-compatible network interface; one or more transducers; one or more amplifiers configured to drive the one or more transducers; one or more batteries; one or more processors; and a housing carrying the one or more network interfaces, the one or more transducers, the one or more amplifiers, the one or more batteries, the one or more processors, and data storage having instructions stored thereon that are executable by the one or more processors to cause the portable playback device to perform functions comprising:
while playing back particular audio content in a playback session via the one or more transducers, receiving data representing a first playback session swap input;
based on receiving the data representing the first playback session swap input, identifying one or more target playback devices within a media playback system that are connected to a first wireless local area network (LAN), wherein the portable playback device is connected to the first wireless LAN via the 802.11-compatible network interface; and
transitioning the playback session from the portable playback device to the determined one or more target playback devices, wherein transitioning the playback session comprises (i) forming a first synchrony group including the portable playback device and the one or more target playback devices, wherein forming the first synchrony group causes the one or more target playback devices to start playing the particular audio content of the playback session, and (ii) after forming the first synchrony group, removing the portable playback device from the first synchrony group to stop playback of the particular audio content by the portable playback device. 2. The portable playback device of claim 1, further comprising one or more microphones that are carried by the housing, and wherein identifying the one or more target playback devices comprises:
identifying a set of swap-eligible playback devices in the media playback system; causing the set of swap-eligible playback devices to emit respective audio chirps that identify the emitting swap-eligible playback devices; detecting, via the one or more microphones, the audio chirps emitted by one or more swap-eligible playback devices from the set of swap-eligible playback devices; and selecting the one or more target playback devices from among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices based on the audio chirp from the one or more target playback devices indicating that the one or more target playback devices are physically nearest to the portable playback device among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices. 3. The portable playback device of claim 2, wherein selecting the one or more target playback devices from among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices comprises:
comparing one or more respective metrics of the detected audio chirps emitted by one or more swap-eligible playback devices to determine that the one or more target playback devices are physically nearest to the portable playback device among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices. 4. The portable playback device of claim 2, wherein the housing comprises a touch-sensitive region, and wherein receiving the data representing the playback session swap input comprises:
receiving input data representing a touch-and-hold input on the touch-sensitive region, wherein the touch-and-hold input corresponds to a grouping command; and receiving further input data representing a continued hold input to the touch-and-hold input on the touch-sensitive region, wherein the continued hold input corresponds to the playback session swap input. 5. The portable playback device of claim 4, wherein identifying the one or more target playback devices comprises:
within a threshold period of time from receiving the input data representing the touch-and-hold input and the further input data representing the continued hold input, receiving (i) input data representing another touch-and-hold input on the touch-sensitive region and (ii) further input data representing a continued hold input to the another touch-and-hold input on the touch-sensitive region; and based on receiving (i) the input data representing another touch-and-hold input on the touch-sensitive region and (ii) the further input data representing a continued hold input to the another touch-and-hold input on the touch-sensitive region, identifying one or more additional target playback devices within the media playback system, wherein the identifying the one or more additional target playback devices comprises selecting the one or more additional target playback devices from among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices based on the audio chirp from the one or more additional target playback devices indicating that the one or more additional target playback devices are physically second nearest to the portable playback device among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices; and transitioning the playback session from the portable playback device to the determined one or more additional target playback devices, wherein transitioning the playback session comprises (i) forming a second synchrony group including the portable playback device and the one or more additional target playback devices, wherein forming the second synchrony group causes the one or more additional target playback devices to start playing the particular audio content of the playback session, and (ii) after forming the second synchrony group, leaving the second synchrony group to stop playback of the particular audio content by the portable playback device 6. The portable playback device of claim 1, wherein receiving the data representing the playback session swap input comprises receiving, via the 802.11-compatible network interface from a controller application on a mobile device, data representing instructions to perform a playback session swap. 7. The portable playback device of claim 1, wherein the functions further comprise:
receiving data representing a second playback session swap input; based on the second playback session swap input, identifying one or more source playback devices within the media playback system that are connected to the first wireless LAN; and transitioning the playback session from the determined one or more source playback devices to the portable playback device, wherein transitioning the playback session comprises (i) forming a third synchrony group including the portable playback device and the one or more target playback devices, wherein forming the third synchrony group causes the portable playback device to start playing the particular audio content of the playback session, and (ii) causing the one or more target playback devices to leave the second synchrony group. 8. The portable playback device of claim 7, wherein the one or more source devices comprises master playback device configured to play back multi-channel audio, and wherein transitioning the playback session comprises:
sending, via the 802.11-compatible network interface to the master playback device, data representing instructions to enter a swap mode; receiving, via the 802.11-compatible network interface to the master playback device, data representing (i) a service set identifier (SSID) of a second wireless LAN, the second wireless LAN formed by the master playback device and (ii) credentials for the second wireless LAN; disconnecting from the first wireless LAN and connecting to the second wireless LAN via the 802.11-compatible network interface; and while connected to the second wireless LAN, receiving, via the 802.11-compatible network interface, data representing (i) playback timing information for the third synchrony group and (ii) the multi-channel audio. 9. A method to be performed by a portable playback device, the method comprising:
while playing back particular audio content in a playback session via the one or more transducers, receiving data representing a first playback session swap input; based on receiving the data representing the first playback session swap input, identifying one or more target playback devices within a media playback system that are connected to a first wireless local area network (LAN), wherein the portable playback device is connected to the first wireless LAN via an 802.11-compatible network interface; and transitioning the playback session from the portable playback device to the determined one or more target playback devices, wherein transitioning the playback session comprises (i) forming a first synchrony group including the portable playback device and the one or more target playback devices, wherein forming the first synchrony group causes the one or more target playback devices to start playing the particular audio content of the playback session, and (ii) after forming the first synchrony group, removing the portable playback device from the first synchrony group to stop playback of the particular audio content by the portable playback device. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the portable playback device comprises one or more microphones that are carried by a housing of the portable playback device, and wherein identifying the one or more target playback devices comprises:
identifying a set of swap-eligible playback devices in the media playback system; causing the set of swap-eligible playback devices to emit respective audio chirps that identify the emitting swap-eligible playback devices; detecting, via the one or more microphones, the audio chirps emitted by one or more swap-eligible playback devices from the set of swap-eligible playback devices; and selecting the one or more target playback devices from among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices based on the audio chirp from the one or more target playback devices indicating that the one or more target playback devices are physically nearest to the portable playback device among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein selecting the one or more target playback devices from among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices comprises:
comparing one or more respective metrics of the detected audio chirps emitted by one or more swap-eligible playback devices to determine that the one or more target playback devices are physically nearest to the portable playback device among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the housing of the portable playback device comprises a touch-sensitive region, and wherein receiving the data representing the playback session swap input comprises:
receiving input data representing a touch-and-hold input on the touch-sensitive region, wherein the touch-and-hold input corresponds to a grouping command; and receiving further input data representing a continued hold input to the touch-and-hold input on the touch-sensitive region, wherein the continued hold input corresponds to the playback session swap input. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein identifying the one or more target playback devices comprises:
within a threshold period of time from receiving the input data representing the touch-and-hold input and the further input data representing the continued hold input, receiving (i) input data representing another touch-and-hold input on the touch-sensitive region and (ii) further input data representing a continued hold input to the another touch-and-hold input on the touch-sensitive region; and based on receiving (i) the input data representing another touch-and-hold input on the touch-sensitive region and (ii) the further input data representing a continued hold input to the another touch-and-hold input on the touch-sensitive region, identifying one or more additional target playback devices within the media playback system, wherein the identifying the one or more additional target playback devices comprises selecting the one or more additional target playback devices from among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices based on the audio chirp from the one or more additional target playback devices indicating that the one or more additional target playback devices are physically second nearest to the portable playback device among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices; and transitioning the playback session from the portable playback device to the determined one or more additional target playback devices, wherein transitioning the playback session comprises (i) forming a second synchrony group including the portable playback device and the one or more additional target playback devices, wherein forming the second synchrony group causes the one or more additional target playback devices to start playing the particular audio content of the playback session, and (ii) after forming the second synchrony group, leaving the second synchrony group to stop playback of the particular audio content by the portable playback device 14. The method of claim 10, wherein receiving the data representing the playback session swap input comprises receiving, via the 802.11-compatible network interface from a controller application on a mobile device, data representing instructions to perform a playback session swap. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
receiving data representing a second playback session swap input; based on the second playback session swap input, identifying one or more source playback devices within the media playback system that are connected to the first wireless LAN; and transitioning the playback session from the determined one or more source playback devices to the portable playback device, wherein transitioning the playback session comprises (i) forming a third synchrony group including the portable playback device and the one or more target playback devices, wherein forming the third synchrony group causes the portable playback device to start playing the particular audio content of the playback session, and (ii) causing the one or more target playback devices to leave the second synchrony group. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the one or more source devices comprises master playback device configured to play back multi-channel audio, and wherein transitioning the playback session comprises:
sending, via the 802.11-compatible network interface to the master playback device, data representing instructions to enter a swap mode; receiving, via the 802.11-compatible network interface to the master playback device, data representing (i) a service set identifier (SSID) of a second wireless LAN, the second wireless LAN formed by the master playback device and (ii) credentials for the second wireless LAN; disconnecting from the first wireless LAN and connecting to the second wireless LAN via the 802.11-compatible network interface; and while connected to the second wireless LAN, receiving, via the 802.11-compatible network interface, data representing (i) playback timing information for the third synchrony group and (ii) the multi-channel audio. 17. A tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions that are executable by at least one processor of a wearable playback device to cause the wearable playback device to perform functions comprising:
while playing back particular audio content in a playback session via the one or more transducers, receiving data representing a first playback session swap input; based on receiving the data representing the first playback session swap input, identifying one or more target playback devices within a media playback system that are connected to a first wireless local area network (LAN), wherein the portable playback device is connected to the first wireless LAN via an 802.11-compatible network interface; and transitioning the playback session from the portable playback device to the determined one or more target playback devices, wherein transitioning the playback session comprises (i) forming a first synchrony group including the portable playback device and the one or more target playback devices, wherein forming the first synchrony group causes the one or more target playback devices to start playing the particular audio content of the playback session, and (ii) after forming the first synchrony group, removing the portable playback device from the first synchrony group to stop playback of the particular audio content by the portable playback device. 18. The tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the portable playback device comprises one or more microphones that are carried by a housing of the portable playback device, and wherein identifying the one or more target playback devices comprises:
identifying a set of swap-eligible playback devices in the media playback system; causing the set of swap-eligible playback devices to emit respective audio chirps that identify the emitting swap-eligible playback devices; detecting, via the one or more microphones, the audio chirps emitted by one or more swap-eligible playback devices from the set of swap-eligible playback devices; and selecting the one or more target playback devices from among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices based on the audio chirp from the one or more target playback devices indicating that the one or more target playback devices are physically nearest to the portable playback device among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices. 19. The tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein selecting the one or more target playback devices from among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices comprises:
comparing one or more respective metrics of the detected audio chirps emitted by one or more swap-eligible playback devices to determine that the one or more target playback devices are physically nearest to the portable playback device among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices. 20. The tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the housing comprises a touch-sensitive region, and wherein receiving the data representing the playback session swap input comprises:
receiving input data representing a touch-and-hold input on the touch-sensitive region, wherein the touch-and-hold input corresponds to a grouping command; and receiving further input data representing a continued hold input to the touch-and-hold input on the touch-sensitive region, wherein the continued hold input corresponds to the playback session swap input. | Examples described herein relate to transitioning a playback session between portable playback devices such as “smart” headphones, earbuds, and handheld speakers with playback devices of a zone-based media playback system. Exemplary techniques facilitate continuity of playback when transitioning between locations (e.g., from at home to on-the-go or vice versa) or between listening paradigms (e.g., personal or out-loud playback of audio content). An example implementation includes detecting a swap trigger, determining the source playback device(s) and target playback device(s), and performing a playback session swap between the source playback device(s) and target playback device(s).1. A portable playback device comprising:
one or more network interfaces, wherein the one or more network interfaces comprises an 802.11-compatible network interface; one or more transducers; one or more amplifiers configured to drive the one or more transducers; one or more batteries; one or more processors; and a housing carrying the one or more network interfaces, the one or more transducers, the one or more amplifiers, the one or more batteries, the one or more processors, and data storage having instructions stored thereon that are executable by the one or more processors to cause the portable playback device to perform functions comprising:
while playing back particular audio content in a playback session via the one or more transducers, receiving data representing a first playback session swap input;
based on receiving the data representing the first playback session swap input, identifying one or more target playback devices within a media playback system that are connected to a first wireless local area network (LAN), wherein the portable playback device is connected to the first wireless LAN via the 802.11-compatible network interface; and
transitioning the playback session from the portable playback device to the determined one or more target playback devices, wherein transitioning the playback session comprises (i) forming a first synchrony group including the portable playback device and the one or more target playback devices, wherein forming the first synchrony group causes the one or more target playback devices to start playing the particular audio content of the playback session, and (ii) after forming the first synchrony group, removing the portable playback device from the first synchrony group to stop playback of the particular audio content by the portable playback device. 2. The portable playback device of claim 1, further comprising one or more microphones that are carried by the housing, and wherein identifying the one or more target playback devices comprises:
identifying a set of swap-eligible playback devices in the media playback system; causing the set of swap-eligible playback devices to emit respective audio chirps that identify the emitting swap-eligible playback devices; detecting, via the one or more microphones, the audio chirps emitted by one or more swap-eligible playback devices from the set of swap-eligible playback devices; and selecting the one or more target playback devices from among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices based on the audio chirp from the one or more target playback devices indicating that the one or more target playback devices are physically nearest to the portable playback device among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices. 3. The portable playback device of claim 2, wherein selecting the one or more target playback devices from among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices comprises:
comparing one or more respective metrics of the detected audio chirps emitted by one or more swap-eligible playback devices to determine that the one or more target playback devices are physically nearest to the portable playback device among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices. 4. The portable playback device of claim 2, wherein the housing comprises a touch-sensitive region, and wherein receiving the data representing the playback session swap input comprises:
receiving input data representing a touch-and-hold input on the touch-sensitive region, wherein the touch-and-hold input corresponds to a grouping command; and receiving further input data representing a continued hold input to the touch-and-hold input on the touch-sensitive region, wherein the continued hold input corresponds to the playback session swap input. 5. The portable playback device of claim 4, wherein identifying the one or more target playback devices comprises:
within a threshold period of time from receiving the input data representing the touch-and-hold input and the further input data representing the continued hold input, receiving (i) input data representing another touch-and-hold input on the touch-sensitive region and (ii) further input data representing a continued hold input to the another touch-and-hold input on the touch-sensitive region; and based on receiving (i) the input data representing another touch-and-hold input on the touch-sensitive region and (ii) the further input data representing a continued hold input to the another touch-and-hold input on the touch-sensitive region, identifying one or more additional target playback devices within the media playback system, wherein the identifying the one or more additional target playback devices comprises selecting the one or more additional target playback devices from among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices based on the audio chirp from the one or more additional target playback devices indicating that the one or more additional target playback devices are physically second nearest to the portable playback device among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices; and transitioning the playback session from the portable playback device to the determined one or more additional target playback devices, wherein transitioning the playback session comprises (i) forming a second synchrony group including the portable playback device and the one or more additional target playback devices, wherein forming the second synchrony group causes the one or more additional target playback devices to start playing the particular audio content of the playback session, and (ii) after forming the second synchrony group, leaving the second synchrony group to stop playback of the particular audio content by the portable playback device 6. The portable playback device of claim 1, wherein receiving the data representing the playback session swap input comprises receiving, via the 802.11-compatible network interface from a controller application on a mobile device, data representing instructions to perform a playback session swap. 7. The portable playback device of claim 1, wherein the functions further comprise:
receiving data representing a second playback session swap input; based on the second playback session swap input, identifying one or more source playback devices within the media playback system that are connected to the first wireless LAN; and transitioning the playback session from the determined one or more source playback devices to the portable playback device, wherein transitioning the playback session comprises (i) forming a third synchrony group including the portable playback device and the one or more target playback devices, wherein forming the third synchrony group causes the portable playback device to start playing the particular audio content of the playback session, and (ii) causing the one or more target playback devices to leave the second synchrony group. 8. The portable playback device of claim 7, wherein the one or more source devices comprises master playback device configured to play back multi-channel audio, and wherein transitioning the playback session comprises:
sending, via the 802.11-compatible network interface to the master playback device, data representing instructions to enter a swap mode; receiving, via the 802.11-compatible network interface to the master playback device, data representing (i) a service set identifier (SSID) of a second wireless LAN, the second wireless LAN formed by the master playback device and (ii) credentials for the second wireless LAN; disconnecting from the first wireless LAN and connecting to the second wireless LAN via the 802.11-compatible network interface; and while connected to the second wireless LAN, receiving, via the 802.11-compatible network interface, data representing (i) playback timing information for the third synchrony group and (ii) the multi-channel audio. 9. A method to be performed by a portable playback device, the method comprising:
while playing back particular audio content in a playback session via the one or more transducers, receiving data representing a first playback session swap input; based on receiving the data representing the first playback session swap input, identifying one or more target playback devices within a media playback system that are connected to a first wireless local area network (LAN), wherein the portable playback device is connected to the first wireless LAN via an 802.11-compatible network interface; and transitioning the playback session from the portable playback device to the determined one or more target playback devices, wherein transitioning the playback session comprises (i) forming a first synchrony group including the portable playback device and the one or more target playback devices, wherein forming the first synchrony group causes the one or more target playback devices to start playing the particular audio content of the playback session, and (ii) after forming the first synchrony group, removing the portable playback device from the first synchrony group to stop playback of the particular audio content by the portable playback device. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the portable playback device comprises one or more microphones that are carried by a housing of the portable playback device, and wherein identifying the one or more target playback devices comprises:
identifying a set of swap-eligible playback devices in the media playback system; causing the set of swap-eligible playback devices to emit respective audio chirps that identify the emitting swap-eligible playback devices; detecting, via the one or more microphones, the audio chirps emitted by one or more swap-eligible playback devices from the set of swap-eligible playback devices; and selecting the one or more target playback devices from among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices based on the audio chirp from the one or more target playback devices indicating that the one or more target playback devices are physically nearest to the portable playback device among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein selecting the one or more target playback devices from among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices comprises:
comparing one or more respective metrics of the detected audio chirps emitted by one or more swap-eligible playback devices to determine that the one or more target playback devices are physically nearest to the portable playback device among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the housing of the portable playback device comprises a touch-sensitive region, and wherein receiving the data representing the playback session swap input comprises:
receiving input data representing a touch-and-hold input on the touch-sensitive region, wherein the touch-and-hold input corresponds to a grouping command; and receiving further input data representing a continued hold input to the touch-and-hold input on the touch-sensitive region, wherein the continued hold input corresponds to the playback session swap input. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein identifying the one or more target playback devices comprises:
within a threshold period of time from receiving the input data representing the touch-and-hold input and the further input data representing the continued hold input, receiving (i) input data representing another touch-and-hold input on the touch-sensitive region and (ii) further input data representing a continued hold input to the another touch-and-hold input on the touch-sensitive region; and based on receiving (i) the input data representing another touch-and-hold input on the touch-sensitive region and (ii) the further input data representing a continued hold input to the another touch-and-hold input on the touch-sensitive region, identifying one or more additional target playback devices within the media playback system, wherein the identifying the one or more additional target playback devices comprises selecting the one or more additional target playback devices from among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices based on the audio chirp from the one or more additional target playback devices indicating that the one or more additional target playback devices are physically second nearest to the portable playback device among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices; and transitioning the playback session from the portable playback device to the determined one or more additional target playback devices, wherein transitioning the playback session comprises (i) forming a second synchrony group including the portable playback device and the one or more additional target playback devices, wherein forming the second synchrony group causes the one or more additional target playback devices to start playing the particular audio content of the playback session, and (ii) after forming the second synchrony group, leaving the second synchrony group to stop playback of the particular audio content by the portable playback device 14. The method of claim 10, wherein receiving the data representing the playback session swap input comprises receiving, via the 802.11-compatible network interface from a controller application on a mobile device, data representing instructions to perform a playback session swap. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
receiving data representing a second playback session swap input; based on the second playback session swap input, identifying one or more source playback devices within the media playback system that are connected to the first wireless LAN; and transitioning the playback session from the determined one or more source playback devices to the portable playback device, wherein transitioning the playback session comprises (i) forming a third synchrony group including the portable playback device and the one or more target playback devices, wherein forming the third synchrony group causes the portable playback device to start playing the particular audio content of the playback session, and (ii) causing the one or more target playback devices to leave the second synchrony group. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the one or more source devices comprises master playback device configured to play back multi-channel audio, and wherein transitioning the playback session comprises:
sending, via the 802.11-compatible network interface to the master playback device, data representing instructions to enter a swap mode; receiving, via the 802.11-compatible network interface to the master playback device, data representing (i) a service set identifier (SSID) of a second wireless LAN, the second wireless LAN formed by the master playback device and (ii) credentials for the second wireless LAN; disconnecting from the first wireless LAN and connecting to the second wireless LAN via the 802.11-compatible network interface; and while connected to the second wireless LAN, receiving, via the 802.11-compatible network interface, data representing (i) playback timing information for the third synchrony group and (ii) the multi-channel audio. 17. A tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions that are executable by at least one processor of a wearable playback device to cause the wearable playback device to perform functions comprising:
while playing back particular audio content in a playback session via the one or more transducers, receiving data representing a first playback session swap input; based on receiving the data representing the first playback session swap input, identifying one or more target playback devices within a media playback system that are connected to a first wireless local area network (LAN), wherein the portable playback device is connected to the first wireless LAN via an 802.11-compatible network interface; and transitioning the playback session from the portable playback device to the determined one or more target playback devices, wherein transitioning the playback session comprises (i) forming a first synchrony group including the portable playback device and the one or more target playback devices, wherein forming the first synchrony group causes the one or more target playback devices to start playing the particular audio content of the playback session, and (ii) after forming the first synchrony group, removing the portable playback device from the first synchrony group to stop playback of the particular audio content by the portable playback device. 18. The tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the portable playback device comprises one or more microphones that are carried by a housing of the portable playback device, and wherein identifying the one or more target playback devices comprises:
identifying a set of swap-eligible playback devices in the media playback system; causing the set of swap-eligible playback devices to emit respective audio chirps that identify the emitting swap-eligible playback devices; detecting, via the one or more microphones, the audio chirps emitted by one or more swap-eligible playback devices from the set of swap-eligible playback devices; and selecting the one or more target playback devices from among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices based on the audio chirp from the one or more target playback devices indicating that the one or more target playback devices are physically nearest to the portable playback device among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices. 19. The tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein selecting the one or more target playback devices from among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices comprises:
comparing one or more respective metrics of the detected audio chirps emitted by one or more swap-eligible playback devices to determine that the one or more target playback devices are physically nearest to the portable playback device among the one or more swap-eligible playback devices. 20. The tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the housing comprises a touch-sensitive region, and wherein receiving the data representing the playback session swap input comprises:
receiving input data representing a touch-and-hold input on the touch-sensitive region, wherein the touch-and-hold input corresponds to a grouping command; and receiving further input data representing a continued hold input to the touch-and-hold input on the touch-sensitive region, wherein the continued hold input corresponds to the playback session swap input. | 1,700 |
346,732 | 16,805,203 | 1,789 | The present invention provides a disease model animal for tauopathies which reproduces the expression pattern of tau protein isoforms of adult human brain, that is, approximately equal amounts of 3R type tau and 4R type tau being expressed in the adult brain. The method for producing the disease model animal for tauopathies of the present invention comprises the steps of: preparing a tau seeds; and injecting the tau seeds in the brain of an animal carrying a mutation in the tau gene which fails to express the tenth exon. The animal carrying a mutation in the tau gene which fails to express the tenth exon may be produced by using any of the genome editing, gene targeting or base editing technologies. | 1. A method for producing a disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies, comprising the steps of:
preparing tau seeds; and injecting the tau seeds in the brain of an animal carrying a mutation in the tau gene which fails to express the tenth exon. 2. The method for producing a disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies according to claim 1, wherein the animal carrying a mutation in the tau gene which fails to express the tenth exon is a mouse, a rat or a marmoset. 3. The method for producing a disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies according to claim 1, wherein the tau seeds are derived from a brain of a human patient with a tauopathy. 4. The method for producing a disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies according to claim 3, wherein the tau seeds comprise a sarkosyl insoluble fraction derived from the brain of the human patient with the tauopathy. 5. The method for producing a disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies according to claim 1, wherein the animal carrying a mutation in the tau gene which fails to express the tenth exon is produced by using any of the genome editing, gene targeting or base editing technologies. 6. A disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies produced by the method for producing a novel disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies according to claim 1. 7. A disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies produced by the method according to claim 1, which has a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 on its chromosome. 8. An animal brain which is dissected from the disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies produced by the method according to claim 1. 9. A method for analyzing the disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies produced by the method according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
dissecting the brain from at least some of the animals to whom the tau seeds are injected; and characterizing the pathological tau fibrils in the brain. 10. The method for analyzing the disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies produced by the method according to claim 1, wherein the pathological tau fibrils in the brains is characterized by at least one property of the group consisting of the type composition of tau protein comprised in the pathological tau fibrils, the phosphorylation state of the tau protein, and Gallyas-Braak silver stainability of brain tissues comprising the pathological tau fibrils. 11. The method for analyzing the disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies produced by the method according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
monitoring the behavior of the disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies in a test environment; monitoring the behavior of a control animal in the test environment; and comparing the behavior of the disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies with the behavior of the control animal. 12. A method for screening a substance which affects the pathological tau fibrils in the brain of a disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies, comprising the steps of:
providing tau seeds; injecting the tau seeds in the brain of a test group of animals carrying a mutation in the tau gene which fails to express the tenth exon; administering a test substance to the animals of the test group; injecting the tau seeds in the brain of a control group of animals carrying a mutation in the tau gene which fails to express the tenth exon; dissecting the brains from at least some animals of both test and control groups; charactering the pathological tau fibrils in the brains of the both test and control groups; and comparing the characteristics of the pathological tau fibrils in the brains of the test group with the characteristics of the pathological tau fibrils in the brains of the control group. 13. The method for screening a substance which affects the pathological tau fibrils in the brain of a disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies according to claim 12, wherein the pathological tau fibrils in the brains is characterized by at least one property of the group consisting of the isoform composition of tau protein comprised in the pathological tau fibrils, the phosphorylation state of the tau protein, Gallyas-Braak silver stainability of brain tissues comprising the pathological tau fibrils. 14. The method for screening a substance which affects the pathological tau fibrils in the brain of a disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies according to claim 12, wherein the tau seeds are derived from a brain of a human patient with a tauopathy. 15. The method for screening a substance which affects the pathological tau fibrils in the brain of a disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies according to claim 12, wherein the tau seeds comprise a sarkosyl insoluble fraction derived from the brain of the human patient with the tauopathy. 16. The method for screening a substance which affects the pathological tau fibrils in the brain of a disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies according to claim 12, wherein the animal carrying a mutation in the tau gene which fails to express the tenth exon is produced by using any of the genome editing, gene targeting or base editing technologies. 17. The method for screening a substance which affects the pathological tau fibrils in the brain of a disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies according to claim 12, wherein the animal carrying a mutation in the tau gene which fails to express the tenth exon has a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 on its chromosome. 18. The method for screening a substance which affects the pathological tau fibrils in the brain of a disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies according to claim 12, wherein the animal carrying a mutation in the tau gene which fails to express the tenth exon is a mouse, a rat or a marmoset. | The present invention provides a disease model animal for tauopathies which reproduces the expression pattern of tau protein isoforms of adult human brain, that is, approximately equal amounts of 3R type tau and 4R type tau being expressed in the adult brain. The method for producing the disease model animal for tauopathies of the present invention comprises the steps of: preparing a tau seeds; and injecting the tau seeds in the brain of an animal carrying a mutation in the tau gene which fails to express the tenth exon. The animal carrying a mutation in the tau gene which fails to express the tenth exon may be produced by using any of the genome editing, gene targeting or base editing technologies.1. A method for producing a disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies, comprising the steps of:
preparing tau seeds; and injecting the tau seeds in the brain of an animal carrying a mutation in the tau gene which fails to express the tenth exon. 2. The method for producing a disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies according to claim 1, wherein the animal carrying a mutation in the tau gene which fails to express the tenth exon is a mouse, a rat or a marmoset. 3. The method for producing a disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies according to claim 1, wherein the tau seeds are derived from a brain of a human patient with a tauopathy. 4. The method for producing a disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies according to claim 3, wherein the tau seeds comprise a sarkosyl insoluble fraction derived from the brain of the human patient with the tauopathy. 5. The method for producing a disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies according to claim 1, wherein the animal carrying a mutation in the tau gene which fails to express the tenth exon is produced by using any of the genome editing, gene targeting or base editing technologies. 6. A disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies produced by the method for producing a novel disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies according to claim 1. 7. A disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies produced by the method according to claim 1, which has a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 on its chromosome. 8. An animal brain which is dissected from the disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies produced by the method according to claim 1. 9. A method for analyzing the disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies produced by the method according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
dissecting the brain from at least some of the animals to whom the tau seeds are injected; and characterizing the pathological tau fibrils in the brain. 10. The method for analyzing the disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies produced by the method according to claim 1, wherein the pathological tau fibrils in the brains is characterized by at least one property of the group consisting of the type composition of tau protein comprised in the pathological tau fibrils, the phosphorylation state of the tau protein, and Gallyas-Braak silver stainability of brain tissues comprising the pathological tau fibrils. 11. The method for analyzing the disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies produced by the method according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
monitoring the behavior of the disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies in a test environment; monitoring the behavior of a control animal in the test environment; and comparing the behavior of the disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies with the behavior of the control animal. 12. A method for screening a substance which affects the pathological tau fibrils in the brain of a disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies, comprising the steps of:
providing tau seeds; injecting the tau seeds in the brain of a test group of animals carrying a mutation in the tau gene which fails to express the tenth exon; administering a test substance to the animals of the test group; injecting the tau seeds in the brain of a control group of animals carrying a mutation in the tau gene which fails to express the tenth exon; dissecting the brains from at least some animals of both test and control groups; charactering the pathological tau fibrils in the brains of the both test and control groups; and comparing the characteristics of the pathological tau fibrils in the brains of the test group with the characteristics of the pathological tau fibrils in the brains of the control group. 13. The method for screening a substance which affects the pathological tau fibrils in the brain of a disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies according to claim 12, wherein the pathological tau fibrils in the brains is characterized by at least one property of the group consisting of the isoform composition of tau protein comprised in the pathological tau fibrils, the phosphorylation state of the tau protein, Gallyas-Braak silver stainability of brain tissues comprising the pathological tau fibrils. 14. The method for screening a substance which affects the pathological tau fibrils in the brain of a disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies according to claim 12, wherein the tau seeds are derived from a brain of a human patient with a tauopathy. 15. The method for screening a substance which affects the pathological tau fibrils in the brain of a disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies according to claim 12, wherein the tau seeds comprise a sarkosyl insoluble fraction derived from the brain of the human patient with the tauopathy. 16. The method for screening a substance which affects the pathological tau fibrils in the brain of a disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies according to claim 12, wherein the animal carrying a mutation in the tau gene which fails to express the tenth exon is produced by using any of the genome editing, gene targeting or base editing technologies. 17. The method for screening a substance which affects the pathological tau fibrils in the brain of a disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies according to claim 12, wherein the animal carrying a mutation in the tau gene which fails to express the tenth exon has a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 on its chromosome. 18. The method for screening a substance which affects the pathological tau fibrils in the brain of a disease model animal for sporadic tauopathies according to claim 12, wherein the animal carrying a mutation in the tau gene which fails to express the tenth exon is a mouse, a rat or a marmoset. | 1,700 |
346,733 | 16,805,189 | 1,789 | A battery module having first and second cylindrical battery cells, each of the first and second cylindrical battery cells having a negative electrode terminal and a positive electrode terminal, a metal plate configured to connect, in series, the first cylindrical battery cell and the second cylindrical battery cell, a shrinkable tube in which the first and second cylindrical battery cells are mounted, first and second PTC elements respectively provided to the first and second cylindrical battery cells, first insulating members provided between the first and second PTC elements and the shrinkable tube, second insulating members respectively provided between the first and second PTC elements and the first and second cylindrical battery cells, insulating sheets respectively configured to seal an upper surface and a lower surface of the shrinkable tube, and a connection part protruding outward from the shrinkable tube and configured to connect the first and second cylindrical battery cells to an external electronic apparatus in provided. | 1. A battery module comprising:
first and second cylindrical battery cells, each of the first and second cylindrical battery cells having a negative electrode terminal and a positive electrode terminal; a metal plate configured to connect, in series, the first cylindrical battery cell and the second cylindrical battery cell; a shrinkable tube in which the first and second cylindrical battery cells are mounted; first and second positive temperature coefficient (PTC) elements respectively provided to the first and second cylindrical battery cells; first insulating members provided between the first and second PTC elements and the shrinkable tube; second insulating members respectively provided between the first and second PTC elements and the respective first and second cylindrical battery cells; 2. The battery module of claim 1, wherein the shrinkable tube has opening parts, through which the first and second cylindrical battery cells are respectively inserted, the opening parts being formed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the shrinkable tube, and the first and second cylindrical battery cells are arranged side by side to be in close contact with or adjacent to each other, and arranged such that the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal of the first cylindrical battery cell and the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal of the second cylindrical battery cell face directions different from each other. 3. The battery module of claim 1, wherein the first and second PTC elements have “┐”-shaped bent structures so that first ends of the first and second PTC elements are connected to the positive electrode terminals or the negative electrode terminals of the respective first and second cylindrical battery cells and second ends of the first and second PTC elements are connected to side surfaces of the respective first and second cylindrical battery cells. 4. The battery module of claim 3, wherein the second insulating members have same bent structures as the “┐”-shaped bent structures of the PTC elements, and the second insulating members are provided on at least portions of the first and second cylindrical battery cells to insulate the first and second PTC elements and the respective first and second cylindrical battery cells. 5. The battery module of claim 1, wherein the first insulating members are provided on upper portions of the first and second PTC elements and at least portions of the respective first and second cylindrical battery cells, the first insulating members have curved surfaces in contact with the respective first and second cylindrical battery cells, and the first insulating members insulate the shrinkable tube and the first and second PTC elements. 6. The battery module of claim 2, wherein the insulating sheets have same shapes as shapes of the opening parts formed in each of the upper and lower surfaces of the shrinkable tube, and the insulating sheets insulate the first and second cylindrical battery cells. 7. The battery module of claim 1, wherein the connection part comprises:
a first wire connected to one end of the first PTC element provided on an upper portion of the first cylindrical battery cell; a second wire connected to one end of the second PTC element provided on an upper portion of the second cylindrical battery cell; and a third wire connected to the metal plate, and 8. The battery module of claim 7, wherein the connection part further comprises:
a cushion tape configured to surround portions of the first to third wires; and a thermistor element having a different amount of electron flow according to a rise in the temperature of the thermistor element, wherein the thermistor element is insulated from the shrinkable tube by means of an insulating tape. 9. The battery module of claim 7, wherein the metal plate comprises:
a first contact end connected to one of the positive electrode terminal or the negative electrode terminal of the first cylindrical battery cell; a second contact end connected to another of the positive electrode terminal or the negative electrode terminal of the second cylindrical battery cell; and a wire connection end connected to the third wire, 10. The battery module of claim 3, wherein at least portions of a region, in which the first and second PTC elements are bent in “┐”-shapes, are further provided with third insulating members provided along the respective bent surfaces of the first and second PTC elements. | A battery module having first and second cylindrical battery cells, each of the first and second cylindrical battery cells having a negative electrode terminal and a positive electrode terminal, a metal plate configured to connect, in series, the first cylindrical battery cell and the second cylindrical battery cell, a shrinkable tube in which the first and second cylindrical battery cells are mounted, first and second PTC elements respectively provided to the first and second cylindrical battery cells, first insulating members provided between the first and second PTC elements and the shrinkable tube, second insulating members respectively provided between the first and second PTC elements and the first and second cylindrical battery cells, insulating sheets respectively configured to seal an upper surface and a lower surface of the shrinkable tube, and a connection part protruding outward from the shrinkable tube and configured to connect the first and second cylindrical battery cells to an external electronic apparatus in provided.1. A battery module comprising:
first and second cylindrical battery cells, each of the first and second cylindrical battery cells having a negative electrode terminal and a positive electrode terminal; a metal plate configured to connect, in series, the first cylindrical battery cell and the second cylindrical battery cell; a shrinkable tube in which the first and second cylindrical battery cells are mounted; first and second positive temperature coefficient (PTC) elements respectively provided to the first and second cylindrical battery cells; first insulating members provided between the first and second PTC elements and the shrinkable tube; second insulating members respectively provided between the first and second PTC elements and the respective first and second cylindrical battery cells; 2. The battery module of claim 1, wherein the shrinkable tube has opening parts, through which the first and second cylindrical battery cells are respectively inserted, the opening parts being formed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the shrinkable tube, and the first and second cylindrical battery cells are arranged side by side to be in close contact with or adjacent to each other, and arranged such that the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal of the first cylindrical battery cell and the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal of the second cylindrical battery cell face directions different from each other. 3. The battery module of claim 1, wherein the first and second PTC elements have “┐”-shaped bent structures so that first ends of the first and second PTC elements are connected to the positive electrode terminals or the negative electrode terminals of the respective first and second cylindrical battery cells and second ends of the first and second PTC elements are connected to side surfaces of the respective first and second cylindrical battery cells. 4. The battery module of claim 3, wherein the second insulating members have same bent structures as the “┐”-shaped bent structures of the PTC elements, and the second insulating members are provided on at least portions of the first and second cylindrical battery cells to insulate the first and second PTC elements and the respective first and second cylindrical battery cells. 5. The battery module of claim 1, wherein the first insulating members are provided on upper portions of the first and second PTC elements and at least portions of the respective first and second cylindrical battery cells, the first insulating members have curved surfaces in contact with the respective first and second cylindrical battery cells, and the first insulating members insulate the shrinkable tube and the first and second PTC elements. 6. The battery module of claim 2, wherein the insulating sheets have same shapes as shapes of the opening parts formed in each of the upper and lower surfaces of the shrinkable tube, and the insulating sheets insulate the first and second cylindrical battery cells. 7. The battery module of claim 1, wherein the connection part comprises:
a first wire connected to one end of the first PTC element provided on an upper portion of the first cylindrical battery cell; a second wire connected to one end of the second PTC element provided on an upper portion of the second cylindrical battery cell; and a third wire connected to the metal plate, and 8. The battery module of claim 7, wherein the connection part further comprises:
a cushion tape configured to surround portions of the first to third wires; and a thermistor element having a different amount of electron flow according to a rise in the temperature of the thermistor element, wherein the thermistor element is insulated from the shrinkable tube by means of an insulating tape. 9. The battery module of claim 7, wherein the metal plate comprises:
a first contact end connected to one of the positive electrode terminal or the negative electrode terminal of the first cylindrical battery cell; a second contact end connected to another of the positive electrode terminal or the negative electrode terminal of the second cylindrical battery cell; and a wire connection end connected to the third wire, 10. The battery module of claim 3, wherein at least portions of a region, in which the first and second PTC elements are bent in “┐”-shapes, are further provided with third insulating members provided along the respective bent surfaces of the first and second PTC elements. | 1,700 |
346,734 | 16,805,218 | 1,789 | Systems and methods for parallel autonomy of a vehicle are disclosed herein. One embodiment receives input data, the input data including at least one of sensor data and structured input data; encodes the input data into an intermediate embedding space using a first neural network; inputs the intermediate embedding space to a first behavior model and a second behavior model, the first behavior model producing a first behavior output, the second behavior model producing a second behavior output; combines the first behavior output and the second behavior output using an ideal-behavior model to produce an ideal behavior for the vehicle; and controls one or more aspects of operation of the vehicle based, at least in part, on the ideal behavior. | 1. A system for parallel autonomy of a vehicle, the system comprising:
one or more sensors; one or more processors; and a memory communicably coupled to the one or more processors and storing: a data encoding module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to:
receive input data, the input data including at least one of sensor data from the one or more sensors and structured input data; and
encode the input data into an intermediate embedding space using a first neural network;
a first behavior module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to process the intermediate embedding space using a first behavior model to produce a first behavior output; a second behavior module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to process the intermediate embedding space using a second behavior model to produce a second behavior output; an ideal-behavior module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to combine the first behavior output and the second behavior output using an ideal-behavior model to produce an ideal behavior for the vehicle; and a control module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to control one or more aspects of operation of the vehicle based, at least in part, on the ideal behavior. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more sensors include one or more of an image sensor, a radar sensor, a Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) sensor, and a Controller-Area-Network (CAN) sensor. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the structured input data includes at least one of position data for at least one road agent, lane geometries, and image-segmentation data, and the data encoding module includes instructions to receive the structured input data from one or more of a perception pipeline of the vehicle and one or more sources external to the vehicle, the sources external to the vehicle including one or more of cloud servers, infrastructure systems, and other vehicles. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the first neural network is an encoder network of an autoencoder. 5. The system of claim 4, further comprising a training module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to:
input, during a training phase, the intermediate embedding space to a second neural network that is a decoder network of the autoencoder; and train the second neural network to predict the input data. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a training module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to train, during a training phase, the ideal-behavior model to combine the first behavior output and the second behavior output in a manner that minimizes a predetermined loss function and wherein the ideal-behavior module includes instructions to update, during an operational phase, the ideal-behavior model in accordance with driver feedback. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the first behavior model is an autonomous-behavior model for autonomous driving and the first behavior output is a planned behavior for the vehicle; and the second behavior model is a driver-behavior model and the second behavior output is a predicted behavior of the vehicle. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the first behavior model and the second behavior model are both autonomous-behavior models and the first behavior output and the second behavior output are different planned behaviors for the vehicle. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the ideal-behavior model includes at least one of a support vector machine, a regressive neural network, and a reinforcement-learning model. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more aspects of operation of the vehicle include at least one of steering, acceleration, and braking. 11. A non-transitory computer-readable medium for parallel autonomy of a vehicle and storing instructions that when executed by one or more processors cause the one or more processors to:
receive input data, the input data including at least one of sensor data and structured input data; encode the input data into an intermediate embedding space using a first neural network; input the intermediate embedding space to a first behavior model and a second behavior model, the first behavior model producing a first behavior output, the second behavior model producing a second behavior output; combine the first behavior output and the second behavior output using an ideal-behavior model to produce an ideal behavior for the vehicle; and control one or more aspects of operation of the vehicle based, at least in part, on the ideal behavior. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the first neural network is an encoder network of an autoencoder. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, further comprising instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to:
input, during a training phase, the intermediate embedding space to a second neural network that is a decoder network of the autoencoder; and train the second neural network to predict the input data. 14. A method of parallel autonomy of a vehicle, the method comprising:
receiving input data, the input data including at least one of sensor data and structured input data; encoding the input data into an intermediate embedding space using a first neural network; inputting the intermediate embedding space to a first behavior model and a second behavior model, the first behavior model producing a first behavior output, the second behavior model producing a second behavior output; combining the first behavior output and the second behavior output using an ideal-behavior model to produce an ideal behavior for the vehicle; and controlling one or more aspects of operation of the vehicle based, at least in part, on the ideal behavior. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first neural network is an encoder network of an autoencoder. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
inputting, during a training phase, the intermediate embedding space to a second neural network that is a decoder network of the autoencoder; and training the second neural network to predict the input data. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the first behavior model is an autonomous-behavior model for autonomous driving and the first behavior output is a planned behavior for the vehicle; and the second behavior model is a driver-behavior model and the second behavior output is a predicted behavior of the vehicle. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the first behavior model and the second behavior model are both autonomous-behavior models and the first behavior output and the second behavior output are different planned behaviors for the vehicle. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the ideal-behavior model includes at least one of a support vector machine, a regressive neural network, and a reinforcement-learning model. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
training, during a training phase, the ideal-behavior model to combine the first behavior output and the second behavior output in a manner that minimizes a predetermined loss function; and updating, during an operational phase, the ideal-behavior model in accordance with driver feedback. | Systems and methods for parallel autonomy of a vehicle are disclosed herein. One embodiment receives input data, the input data including at least one of sensor data and structured input data; encodes the input data into an intermediate embedding space using a first neural network; inputs the intermediate embedding space to a first behavior model and a second behavior model, the first behavior model producing a first behavior output, the second behavior model producing a second behavior output; combines the first behavior output and the second behavior output using an ideal-behavior model to produce an ideal behavior for the vehicle; and controls one or more aspects of operation of the vehicle based, at least in part, on the ideal behavior.1. A system for parallel autonomy of a vehicle, the system comprising:
one or more sensors; one or more processors; and a memory communicably coupled to the one or more processors and storing: a data encoding module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to:
receive input data, the input data including at least one of sensor data from the one or more sensors and structured input data; and
encode the input data into an intermediate embedding space using a first neural network;
a first behavior module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to process the intermediate embedding space using a first behavior model to produce a first behavior output; a second behavior module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to process the intermediate embedding space using a second behavior model to produce a second behavior output; an ideal-behavior module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to combine the first behavior output and the second behavior output using an ideal-behavior model to produce an ideal behavior for the vehicle; and a control module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to control one or more aspects of operation of the vehicle based, at least in part, on the ideal behavior. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more sensors include one or more of an image sensor, a radar sensor, a Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) sensor, and a Controller-Area-Network (CAN) sensor. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the structured input data includes at least one of position data for at least one road agent, lane geometries, and image-segmentation data, and the data encoding module includes instructions to receive the structured input data from one or more of a perception pipeline of the vehicle and one or more sources external to the vehicle, the sources external to the vehicle including one or more of cloud servers, infrastructure systems, and other vehicles. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the first neural network is an encoder network of an autoencoder. 5. The system of claim 4, further comprising a training module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to:
input, during a training phase, the intermediate embedding space to a second neural network that is a decoder network of the autoencoder; and train the second neural network to predict the input data. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a training module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to train, during a training phase, the ideal-behavior model to combine the first behavior output and the second behavior output in a manner that minimizes a predetermined loss function and wherein the ideal-behavior module includes instructions to update, during an operational phase, the ideal-behavior model in accordance with driver feedback. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the first behavior model is an autonomous-behavior model for autonomous driving and the first behavior output is a planned behavior for the vehicle; and the second behavior model is a driver-behavior model and the second behavior output is a predicted behavior of the vehicle. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the first behavior model and the second behavior model are both autonomous-behavior models and the first behavior output and the second behavior output are different planned behaviors for the vehicle. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the ideal-behavior model includes at least one of a support vector machine, a regressive neural network, and a reinforcement-learning model. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more aspects of operation of the vehicle include at least one of steering, acceleration, and braking. 11. A non-transitory computer-readable medium for parallel autonomy of a vehicle and storing instructions that when executed by one or more processors cause the one or more processors to:
receive input data, the input data including at least one of sensor data and structured input data; encode the input data into an intermediate embedding space using a first neural network; input the intermediate embedding space to a first behavior model and a second behavior model, the first behavior model producing a first behavior output, the second behavior model producing a second behavior output; combine the first behavior output and the second behavior output using an ideal-behavior model to produce an ideal behavior for the vehicle; and control one or more aspects of operation of the vehicle based, at least in part, on the ideal behavior. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the first neural network is an encoder network of an autoencoder. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, further comprising instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to:
input, during a training phase, the intermediate embedding space to a second neural network that is a decoder network of the autoencoder; and train the second neural network to predict the input data. 14. A method of parallel autonomy of a vehicle, the method comprising:
receiving input data, the input data including at least one of sensor data and structured input data; encoding the input data into an intermediate embedding space using a first neural network; inputting the intermediate embedding space to a first behavior model and a second behavior model, the first behavior model producing a first behavior output, the second behavior model producing a second behavior output; combining the first behavior output and the second behavior output using an ideal-behavior model to produce an ideal behavior for the vehicle; and controlling one or more aspects of operation of the vehicle based, at least in part, on the ideal behavior. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first neural network is an encoder network of an autoencoder. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
inputting, during a training phase, the intermediate embedding space to a second neural network that is a decoder network of the autoencoder; and training the second neural network to predict the input data. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the first behavior model is an autonomous-behavior model for autonomous driving and the first behavior output is a planned behavior for the vehicle; and the second behavior model is a driver-behavior model and the second behavior output is a predicted behavior of the vehicle. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the first behavior model and the second behavior model are both autonomous-behavior models and the first behavior output and the second behavior output are different planned behaviors for the vehicle. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the ideal-behavior model includes at least one of a support vector machine, a regressive neural network, and a reinforcement-learning model. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
training, during a training phase, the ideal-behavior model to combine the first behavior output and the second behavior output in a manner that minimizes a predetermined loss function; and updating, during an operational phase, the ideal-behavior model in accordance with driver feedback. | 1,700 |
346,735 | 16,805,208 | 1,789 | Systems and methods for parallel autonomy of a vehicle are disclosed herein. One embodiment receives input data, the input data including at least one of sensor data and structured input data; encodes the input data into an intermediate embedding space using a first neural network; inputs the intermediate embedding space to a first behavior model and a second behavior model, the first behavior model producing a first behavior output, the second behavior model producing a second behavior output; combines the first behavior output and the second behavior output using an ideal-behavior model to produce an ideal behavior for the vehicle; and controls one or more aspects of operation of the vehicle based, at least in part, on the ideal behavior. | 1. A system for parallel autonomy of a vehicle, the system comprising:
one or more sensors; one or more processors; and a memory communicably coupled to the one or more processors and storing: a data encoding module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to:
receive input data, the input data including at least one of sensor data from the one or more sensors and structured input data; and
encode the input data into an intermediate embedding space using a first neural network;
a first behavior module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to process the intermediate embedding space using a first behavior model to produce a first behavior output; a second behavior module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to process the intermediate embedding space using a second behavior model to produce a second behavior output; an ideal-behavior module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to combine the first behavior output and the second behavior output using an ideal-behavior model to produce an ideal behavior for the vehicle; and a control module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to control one or more aspects of operation of the vehicle based, at least in part, on the ideal behavior. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more sensors include one or more of an image sensor, a radar sensor, a Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) sensor, and a Controller-Area-Network (CAN) sensor. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the structured input data includes at least one of position data for at least one road agent, lane geometries, and image-segmentation data, and the data encoding module includes instructions to receive the structured input data from one or more of a perception pipeline of the vehicle and one or more sources external to the vehicle, the sources external to the vehicle including one or more of cloud servers, infrastructure systems, and other vehicles. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the first neural network is an encoder network of an autoencoder. 5. The system of claim 4, further comprising a training module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to:
input, during a training phase, the intermediate embedding space to a second neural network that is a decoder network of the autoencoder; and train the second neural network to predict the input data. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a training module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to train, during a training phase, the ideal-behavior model to combine the first behavior output and the second behavior output in a manner that minimizes a predetermined loss function and wherein the ideal-behavior module includes instructions to update, during an operational phase, the ideal-behavior model in accordance with driver feedback. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the first behavior model is an autonomous-behavior model for autonomous driving and the first behavior output is a planned behavior for the vehicle; and the second behavior model is a driver-behavior model and the second behavior output is a predicted behavior of the vehicle. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the first behavior model and the second behavior model are both autonomous-behavior models and the first behavior output and the second behavior output are different planned behaviors for the vehicle. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the ideal-behavior model includes at least one of a support vector machine, a regressive neural network, and a reinforcement-learning model. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more aspects of operation of the vehicle include at least one of steering, acceleration, and braking. 11. A non-transitory computer-readable medium for parallel autonomy of a vehicle and storing instructions that when executed by one or more processors cause the one or more processors to:
receive input data, the input data including at least one of sensor data and structured input data; encode the input data into an intermediate embedding space using a first neural network; input the intermediate embedding space to a first behavior model and a second behavior model, the first behavior model producing a first behavior output, the second behavior model producing a second behavior output; combine the first behavior output and the second behavior output using an ideal-behavior model to produce an ideal behavior for the vehicle; and control one or more aspects of operation of the vehicle based, at least in part, on the ideal behavior. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the first neural network is an encoder network of an autoencoder. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, further comprising instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to:
input, during a training phase, the intermediate embedding space to a second neural network that is a decoder network of the autoencoder; and train the second neural network to predict the input data. 14. A method of parallel autonomy of a vehicle, the method comprising:
receiving input data, the input data including at least one of sensor data and structured input data; encoding the input data into an intermediate embedding space using a first neural network; inputting the intermediate embedding space to a first behavior model and a second behavior model, the first behavior model producing a first behavior output, the second behavior model producing a second behavior output; combining the first behavior output and the second behavior output using an ideal-behavior model to produce an ideal behavior for the vehicle; and controlling one or more aspects of operation of the vehicle based, at least in part, on the ideal behavior. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first neural network is an encoder network of an autoencoder. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
inputting, during a training phase, the intermediate embedding space to a second neural network that is a decoder network of the autoencoder; and training the second neural network to predict the input data. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the first behavior model is an autonomous-behavior model for autonomous driving and the first behavior output is a planned behavior for the vehicle; and the second behavior model is a driver-behavior model and the second behavior output is a predicted behavior of the vehicle. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the first behavior model and the second behavior model are both autonomous-behavior models and the first behavior output and the second behavior output are different planned behaviors for the vehicle. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the ideal-behavior model includes at least one of a support vector machine, a regressive neural network, and a reinforcement-learning model. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
training, during a training phase, the ideal-behavior model to combine the first behavior output and the second behavior output in a manner that minimizes a predetermined loss function; and updating, during an operational phase, the ideal-behavior model in accordance with driver feedback. | Systems and methods for parallel autonomy of a vehicle are disclosed herein. One embodiment receives input data, the input data including at least one of sensor data and structured input data; encodes the input data into an intermediate embedding space using a first neural network; inputs the intermediate embedding space to a first behavior model and a second behavior model, the first behavior model producing a first behavior output, the second behavior model producing a second behavior output; combines the first behavior output and the second behavior output using an ideal-behavior model to produce an ideal behavior for the vehicle; and controls one or more aspects of operation of the vehicle based, at least in part, on the ideal behavior.1. A system for parallel autonomy of a vehicle, the system comprising:
one or more sensors; one or more processors; and a memory communicably coupled to the one or more processors and storing: a data encoding module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to:
receive input data, the input data including at least one of sensor data from the one or more sensors and structured input data; and
encode the input data into an intermediate embedding space using a first neural network;
a first behavior module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to process the intermediate embedding space using a first behavior model to produce a first behavior output; a second behavior module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to process the intermediate embedding space using a second behavior model to produce a second behavior output; an ideal-behavior module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to combine the first behavior output and the second behavior output using an ideal-behavior model to produce an ideal behavior for the vehicle; and a control module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to control one or more aspects of operation of the vehicle based, at least in part, on the ideal behavior. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more sensors include one or more of an image sensor, a radar sensor, a Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) sensor, and a Controller-Area-Network (CAN) sensor. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the structured input data includes at least one of position data for at least one road agent, lane geometries, and image-segmentation data, and the data encoding module includes instructions to receive the structured input data from one or more of a perception pipeline of the vehicle and one or more sources external to the vehicle, the sources external to the vehicle including one or more of cloud servers, infrastructure systems, and other vehicles. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the first neural network is an encoder network of an autoencoder. 5. The system of claim 4, further comprising a training module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to:
input, during a training phase, the intermediate embedding space to a second neural network that is a decoder network of the autoencoder; and train the second neural network to predict the input data. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a training module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to train, during a training phase, the ideal-behavior model to combine the first behavior output and the second behavior output in a manner that minimizes a predetermined loss function and wherein the ideal-behavior module includes instructions to update, during an operational phase, the ideal-behavior model in accordance with driver feedback. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the first behavior model is an autonomous-behavior model for autonomous driving and the first behavior output is a planned behavior for the vehicle; and the second behavior model is a driver-behavior model and the second behavior output is a predicted behavior of the vehicle. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the first behavior model and the second behavior model are both autonomous-behavior models and the first behavior output and the second behavior output are different planned behaviors for the vehicle. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the ideal-behavior model includes at least one of a support vector machine, a regressive neural network, and a reinforcement-learning model. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more aspects of operation of the vehicle include at least one of steering, acceleration, and braking. 11. A non-transitory computer-readable medium for parallel autonomy of a vehicle and storing instructions that when executed by one or more processors cause the one or more processors to:
receive input data, the input data including at least one of sensor data and structured input data; encode the input data into an intermediate embedding space using a first neural network; input the intermediate embedding space to a first behavior model and a second behavior model, the first behavior model producing a first behavior output, the second behavior model producing a second behavior output; combine the first behavior output and the second behavior output using an ideal-behavior model to produce an ideal behavior for the vehicle; and control one or more aspects of operation of the vehicle based, at least in part, on the ideal behavior. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the first neural network is an encoder network of an autoencoder. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, further comprising instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to:
input, during a training phase, the intermediate embedding space to a second neural network that is a decoder network of the autoencoder; and train the second neural network to predict the input data. 14. A method of parallel autonomy of a vehicle, the method comprising:
receiving input data, the input data including at least one of sensor data and structured input data; encoding the input data into an intermediate embedding space using a first neural network; inputting the intermediate embedding space to a first behavior model and a second behavior model, the first behavior model producing a first behavior output, the second behavior model producing a second behavior output; combining the first behavior output and the second behavior output using an ideal-behavior model to produce an ideal behavior for the vehicle; and controlling one or more aspects of operation of the vehicle based, at least in part, on the ideal behavior. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first neural network is an encoder network of an autoencoder. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
inputting, during a training phase, the intermediate embedding space to a second neural network that is a decoder network of the autoencoder; and training the second neural network to predict the input data. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the first behavior model is an autonomous-behavior model for autonomous driving and the first behavior output is a planned behavior for the vehicle; and the second behavior model is a driver-behavior model and the second behavior output is a predicted behavior of the vehicle. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the first behavior model and the second behavior model are both autonomous-behavior models and the first behavior output and the second behavior output are different planned behaviors for the vehicle. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the ideal-behavior model includes at least one of a support vector machine, a regressive neural network, and a reinforcement-learning model. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
training, during a training phase, the ideal-behavior model to combine the first behavior output and the second behavior output in a manner that minimizes a predetermined loss function; and updating, during an operational phase, the ideal-behavior model in accordance with driver feedback. | 1,700 |
346,736 | 16,805,202 | 1,789 | Disclosed is a method for preventing or treating sleep disorders using TRPV1 receptor antagonist, (R)—N-[1-(3,5-difluoro-4-methanesulfonylamino-phenyl)-ethyl]-3-(2-propyl-6-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-3-yl)-acrylamide. The method of the present invention can effectively and safely prevent or treat sleep disorders accompanying pruritus caused by atopic dermatitis. | 1. A method of preventing or treating sleep disorder in a subject, comprising administering an effective amount of the compound of Formula 1 to a subject in need thereof: 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is a patient with atopic dermatitis who has a visual analogue scale (VAS) score of 3 to 10. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the sleep disorder is accompanied with pruritus caused by atopic dermatitis. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound is applied onto the skin of the subject as part of a topical composition. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the topical composition is applied onto the skin twice a day. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the topical composition is applied onto the skin twice a day for 3 weeks to 8 weeks. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein compound is administered as part of a composition and said composition comprises 0.1 to 1.5 wt % of the compound. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein the composition is in the form of a cream, a gel, a patch, a spray, an ointment, a plaster, a lotion, a liniment, a paste, or a cataplasma. 9. The method of claim 4, wherein the amount of the compound of Formula 1 administered is from 10 to about 300 mg. | Disclosed is a method for preventing or treating sleep disorders using TRPV1 receptor antagonist, (R)—N-[1-(3,5-difluoro-4-methanesulfonylamino-phenyl)-ethyl]-3-(2-propyl-6-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-3-yl)-acrylamide. The method of the present invention can effectively and safely prevent or treat sleep disorders accompanying pruritus caused by atopic dermatitis.1. A method of preventing or treating sleep disorder in a subject, comprising administering an effective amount of the compound of Formula 1 to a subject in need thereof: 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is a patient with atopic dermatitis who has a visual analogue scale (VAS) score of 3 to 10. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the sleep disorder is accompanied with pruritus caused by atopic dermatitis. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound is applied onto the skin of the subject as part of a topical composition. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the topical composition is applied onto the skin twice a day. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the topical composition is applied onto the skin twice a day for 3 weeks to 8 weeks. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein compound is administered as part of a composition and said composition comprises 0.1 to 1.5 wt % of the compound. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein the composition is in the form of a cream, a gel, a patch, a spray, an ointment, a plaster, a lotion, a liniment, a paste, or a cataplasma. 9. The method of claim 4, wherein the amount of the compound of Formula 1 administered is from 10 to about 300 mg. | 1,700 |
346,737 | 16,805,150 | 1,789 | Systems and methods for generating an interactive user interface data for validating one or more contacts and/or updating actions for an individual. In some embodiments, an interactive user interface can be generated including a first portion including a selectable list of primary contact information items associated with the individual and a second portion including a selectable list of secondary contact information items associated with the individual. After receiving a first user input in the second portion selecting a secondary contact information item, the interactive user interface can be updated to receive further user inputs, such as a new primary contact information item. The interactive user interface can then be updated to include the new primary contact information item in the first portion. | 1. A system comprising:
a computer readable storage medium having embodied thereon program instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the program instructions to cause the system to:
generate user interface data configured to be rendered as an interactive user interface;
receive a first user input via the interactive user interface selecting a secondary contact information item from a selectable list of secondary contact information items; and
in response to the first user input:
update the interactive user interface to include a graphical portion configured to receive a new primary contact information item; and
update the interactive user interface to include an indication of the secondary contact information item as a source of the new primary contact information item. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the program instructions to cause the system to:
in response to the first user input, initiate a communication based on information included in the secondary contact information item. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the interactive user interface includes at least:
a first graphical portion including a selectable list of primary contact information items associated with an individual, and
a second graphical portion including the selectable list of secondary contact information items associated with the individual;
the first user input is received via the second graphical portion of the interactive user interface; the first graphical portion of the interactive user interface is updated to include the indication of the secondary contact information; and the graphical portion configured to receive the new primary contact information is different from the first graphical portion and the second graphical portion. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the program instructions to cause the system to:
further in response to the first user input:
update the primary contact information item to include a new primary contact information item. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the program instructions to cause the system to:
update the interactive user interface to display a third graphical portion including a selectable list of action items associated with the individual. 6. The system of claim 3, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the program instructions to cause the system to:
update the interactive user interface to display a fourth graphical portion including a selectable list of call history items associated with the individual. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the program instructions to cause the system to:
update the fourth graphical portion of the interactive user interface to display a new call history item associated with the first user input and the secondary primary contact. 8. The system of claim 3, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the program instructions to cause the system to:
receive a third user input via the first graphical portion of the interactive user interface selecting a primary contact information item from the list of secondary contact information items; in response to the third user input:
update the interactive user interface to include the graphical portion configured to receive a fourth user input including at a validation status of the primary contact information item; and
update the primary contact information item to include the validation status. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the program instructions to cause the system to:
generate a first queue for the user including one or more action items to be performed by the user associated with one or more individuals, including the individual; and generate a second queue for a second user including one or more action items to be performed by the second user with one or more individuals, including the individual. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the primary contact information item includes at least one of: a number, a secondary contact information item as a source of the primary contact information item, a last contact, a validation status of the primary contact information item; and the secondary contact information item includes at least one of: a name, a number, a last care event, a status of the secondary primary contact information item. 11. A computer-implemented method for contact authentication and generating interactive user interfaces, comprising:
by one or more processors executing program instructions:
generating user interface data configured to be rendered as an interactive user interface;
receiving a first user input via the interactive user interface selecting a secondary contact information item from a selectable list of secondary contact information items; and
in response to the first user input:
automatically updating the interactive user interface to include a graphical portion configured to receive a new primary contact information item; and
automatically updating the interactive user interface to include an indication of the secondary contact information item as a source of the new primary contact information item. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 11 further comprising:
by the one or more processors executing the program instructions:
in response to the first user input, automatically initiating a communication based on information included in the secondary contact information item. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein:
the interactive user interface includes at least:
a first graphical portion including a selectable list of primary contact information items associated with an individual, and
a second graphical portion including the selectable list of secondary contact information items associated with the individual;
the first user input is received via the second graphical portion of the interactive user interface; the first graphical portion of the interactive user interface is updated to include the indication of the secondary contact information; and the graphical portion configured to receive the new primary contact information is different from the first graphical portion and the second graphical portion. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 13 further comprising:
by the one or more processors executing the program instructions:
further in response to the first user input:
updating the primary contact information item to include a new primary contact information item. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 13 further comprising, by the one or more processors executing the program instructions, updating the interactive user interface to display a third graphical portion including a selectable list of action items associated with the individual. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 13 further comprising, by the one or more processors executing the program instructions, updating the interactive user interface to display a fourth graphical portion including a selectable list of call history items associated with the individual. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 16 further comprising, by the one or more processors executing the program instructions, updating the fourth graphical portion of the interactive user interface to display a new call history item associated with the first user input and the secondary primary contact. 18. The computer-implemented method of claim 13 further comprising:
by the one or more processors executing the program instructions:
receiving a third user input via the first graphical portion of the interactive user interface selecting a primary contact information item from the list of secondary contact information items;
in response to the third user input:
automatically updating the interactive user interface to include the graphical portion configured to receive a fourth user input including at a validation status of the primary contact information item; and
automatically updating the primary contact information item to include the validation status. 19. The computer-implemented method of claim 11 further comprising:
by the one or more processors executing the program instructions:
generating a first queue for the user including one or more action items to be performed by the user associated with one or more individuals, including the individual; and
generating a second queue for a second user including one or more actions to be performed by the second user associated with one or more individuals, including the individual. 20. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein:
the primary contact information item includes at least one of: a number, a secondary contact information item as a source of the primary contact information item, a last contact, a validation status of the primary contact information item; and the secondary contact information item includes at least one of: a name, a number, a last care event, a status of the secondary primary contact information item. | Systems and methods for generating an interactive user interface data for validating one or more contacts and/or updating actions for an individual. In some embodiments, an interactive user interface can be generated including a first portion including a selectable list of primary contact information items associated with the individual and a second portion including a selectable list of secondary contact information items associated with the individual. After receiving a first user input in the second portion selecting a secondary contact information item, the interactive user interface can be updated to receive further user inputs, such as a new primary contact information item. The interactive user interface can then be updated to include the new primary contact information item in the first portion.1. A system comprising:
a computer readable storage medium having embodied thereon program instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the program instructions to cause the system to:
generate user interface data configured to be rendered as an interactive user interface;
receive a first user input via the interactive user interface selecting a secondary contact information item from a selectable list of secondary contact information items; and
in response to the first user input:
update the interactive user interface to include a graphical portion configured to receive a new primary contact information item; and
update the interactive user interface to include an indication of the secondary contact information item as a source of the new primary contact information item. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the program instructions to cause the system to:
in response to the first user input, initiate a communication based on information included in the secondary contact information item. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the interactive user interface includes at least:
a first graphical portion including a selectable list of primary contact information items associated with an individual, and
a second graphical portion including the selectable list of secondary contact information items associated with the individual;
the first user input is received via the second graphical portion of the interactive user interface; the first graphical portion of the interactive user interface is updated to include the indication of the secondary contact information; and the graphical portion configured to receive the new primary contact information is different from the first graphical portion and the second graphical portion. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the program instructions to cause the system to:
further in response to the first user input:
update the primary contact information item to include a new primary contact information item. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the program instructions to cause the system to:
update the interactive user interface to display a third graphical portion including a selectable list of action items associated with the individual. 6. The system of claim 3, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the program instructions to cause the system to:
update the interactive user interface to display a fourth graphical portion including a selectable list of call history items associated with the individual. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the program instructions to cause the system to:
update the fourth graphical portion of the interactive user interface to display a new call history item associated with the first user input and the secondary primary contact. 8. The system of claim 3, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the program instructions to cause the system to:
receive a third user input via the first graphical portion of the interactive user interface selecting a primary contact information item from the list of secondary contact information items; in response to the third user input:
update the interactive user interface to include the graphical portion configured to receive a fourth user input including at a validation status of the primary contact information item; and
update the primary contact information item to include the validation status. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the program instructions to cause the system to:
generate a first queue for the user including one or more action items to be performed by the user associated with one or more individuals, including the individual; and generate a second queue for a second user including one or more action items to be performed by the second user with one or more individuals, including the individual. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the primary contact information item includes at least one of: a number, a secondary contact information item as a source of the primary contact information item, a last contact, a validation status of the primary contact information item; and the secondary contact information item includes at least one of: a name, a number, a last care event, a status of the secondary primary contact information item. 11. A computer-implemented method for contact authentication and generating interactive user interfaces, comprising:
by one or more processors executing program instructions:
generating user interface data configured to be rendered as an interactive user interface;
receiving a first user input via the interactive user interface selecting a secondary contact information item from a selectable list of secondary contact information items; and
in response to the first user input:
automatically updating the interactive user interface to include a graphical portion configured to receive a new primary contact information item; and
automatically updating the interactive user interface to include an indication of the secondary contact information item as a source of the new primary contact information item. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 11 further comprising:
by the one or more processors executing the program instructions:
in response to the first user input, automatically initiating a communication based on information included in the secondary contact information item. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein:
the interactive user interface includes at least:
a first graphical portion including a selectable list of primary contact information items associated with an individual, and
a second graphical portion including the selectable list of secondary contact information items associated with the individual;
the first user input is received via the second graphical portion of the interactive user interface; the first graphical portion of the interactive user interface is updated to include the indication of the secondary contact information; and the graphical portion configured to receive the new primary contact information is different from the first graphical portion and the second graphical portion. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 13 further comprising:
by the one or more processors executing the program instructions:
further in response to the first user input:
updating the primary contact information item to include a new primary contact information item. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 13 further comprising, by the one or more processors executing the program instructions, updating the interactive user interface to display a third graphical portion including a selectable list of action items associated with the individual. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 13 further comprising, by the one or more processors executing the program instructions, updating the interactive user interface to display a fourth graphical portion including a selectable list of call history items associated with the individual. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 16 further comprising, by the one or more processors executing the program instructions, updating the fourth graphical portion of the interactive user interface to display a new call history item associated with the first user input and the secondary primary contact. 18. The computer-implemented method of claim 13 further comprising:
by the one or more processors executing the program instructions:
receiving a third user input via the first graphical portion of the interactive user interface selecting a primary contact information item from the list of secondary contact information items;
in response to the third user input:
automatically updating the interactive user interface to include the graphical portion configured to receive a fourth user input including at a validation status of the primary contact information item; and
automatically updating the primary contact information item to include the validation status. 19. The computer-implemented method of claim 11 further comprising:
by the one or more processors executing the program instructions:
generating a first queue for the user including one or more action items to be performed by the user associated with one or more individuals, including the individual; and
generating a second queue for a second user including one or more actions to be performed by the second user associated with one or more individuals, including the individual. 20. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein:
the primary contact information item includes at least one of: a number, a secondary contact information item as a source of the primary contact information item, a last contact, a validation status of the primary contact information item; and the secondary contact information item includes at least one of: a name, a number, a last care event, a status of the secondary primary contact information item. | 1,700 |
346,738 | 16,805,190 | 1,789 | An image forming apparatus includes a main CPU, and, in an unused period in which the image forming apparatus is not used, the main CPU detects whether or not a person exists within a human detection range, on the basis of an output of a human detection sensor. When a person has been detected, by outputting a notification voice regarding an intruder, which indicates that the intruder has been detected, from a speaker, the main CPU notifies the surroundings of the image forming apparatus and also transmits an electronic mail including a message indicating that the intruder has been detected to an address that has been registered in advance and thereby notifies a user of a terminal of the address of the detection of the intruder. | 1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
period setting circuitry that sets an unused period in which the image forming apparatus is not used; a detection sensor that detects whether or not an object exists within a given region that is set for the image forming apparatus; notification circuitry that gives a notification that the object has been detected, in a case where existence of the object has been detected by the detection sensor in the unused period set by the period setting circuitry; and activating circuitry that activates the detection sensor, in a case where the unused period set by the period setting circuitry starts. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the notification circuitry notifies surroundings of the image forming apparatus of the detection of the object with a sound. 3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the notification circuitry transmits a notification message to an address, which has been registered in advance, by an electronic mail. 4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the notification message includes a text sentence indicating that an intruder has been detected and specific information of the image forming apparatus that has detected the intruder. 5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the notification circuitry repeatedly notifies surroundings of the image forming apparatus of the detection of the object with a sound for a first given period of time. 6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein, even in a case where the unused period set by the period setting circuitry ends while the detection of the object is notified to the surroundings of the image forming apparatus with the sound by the notification circuitry, the notification is continued up to an end. 7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein volume of the sound with which the detection of the object is notified is set to be a predetermined volume regardless of volume of an informing sound set for a case where the image forming apparatus is used. 8. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the notification circuitry transmits, to another apparatus, electronic data that gives a notification of the detection of the object. 9. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising invalidating circuitry that invalidates the detection sensor for a second given period of time, in a case where the object is detected by the detection sensor. 10. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising shifting circuitry that shifts, in the unused period set by the period setting circuitry, the image forming apparatus to a notification enabled state in which notification by the notification circuitry is possible. 11. The image forming apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the shifting circuitry shifts the image forming apparatus to the notification enabled state, even in a case where an abnormality occurs in the image forming apparatus. 12. The image forming apparatus according to claim 10, further comprising:
one or a plurality of display lamps; and turning-off circuitry that turns all of the display lamps off, in a case where the image forming apparatus is shifted to the notification enabled state by the shifting circuitry. 13. The image forming apparatus according to claim 10, further comprising releasing circuitry that releases the notification enabled state, in a case where the unused period set by the period setting circuitry ends. 14. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
reception circuitry that receives a request for an external job; and execution circuitry that executes the external job, in a case where the request for the external job is received by the reception circuitry in the unused period set by the period setting circuitry. 15. An image forming apparatus comprising:
period setting circuitry that sets an unused period in which the image forming apparatus is not used; a detection sensor that detects whether or not an object exists within a given region that is set for the image forming apparatus; and notification circuitry that gives a notification that the object has been detected, in a case where existence of the object has been detected by the detection sensor in the unused period set by the period setting circuitry; wherein the notification circuitry transmits a notification message to an address, which has been registered in advance, by an electronic mail. 16. The image forming apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the notification message includes a text sentence indicating that an intruder has been detected and specific information of the image forming apparatus that has detected the intruder. 17. A notification control method comprising:
(a) setting an unused period in which an image forming apparatus is not used: (b) detecting whether or not an object exists within a given region that is set for the image forming apparatus; (c) giving a notification that the object has been detected, in a case where existence of the object has been detected at (b) in the unused period set at (a); and (d) activating the (b), in a case where the unused period set at (a) starts. | An image forming apparatus includes a main CPU, and, in an unused period in which the image forming apparatus is not used, the main CPU detects whether or not a person exists within a human detection range, on the basis of an output of a human detection sensor. When a person has been detected, by outputting a notification voice regarding an intruder, which indicates that the intruder has been detected, from a speaker, the main CPU notifies the surroundings of the image forming apparatus and also transmits an electronic mail including a message indicating that the intruder has been detected to an address that has been registered in advance and thereby notifies a user of a terminal of the address of the detection of the intruder.1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
period setting circuitry that sets an unused period in which the image forming apparatus is not used; a detection sensor that detects whether or not an object exists within a given region that is set for the image forming apparatus; notification circuitry that gives a notification that the object has been detected, in a case where existence of the object has been detected by the detection sensor in the unused period set by the period setting circuitry; and activating circuitry that activates the detection sensor, in a case where the unused period set by the period setting circuitry starts. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the notification circuitry notifies surroundings of the image forming apparatus of the detection of the object with a sound. 3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the notification circuitry transmits a notification message to an address, which has been registered in advance, by an electronic mail. 4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the notification message includes a text sentence indicating that an intruder has been detected and specific information of the image forming apparatus that has detected the intruder. 5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the notification circuitry repeatedly notifies surroundings of the image forming apparatus of the detection of the object with a sound for a first given period of time. 6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein, even in a case where the unused period set by the period setting circuitry ends while the detection of the object is notified to the surroundings of the image forming apparatus with the sound by the notification circuitry, the notification is continued up to an end. 7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein volume of the sound with which the detection of the object is notified is set to be a predetermined volume regardless of volume of an informing sound set for a case where the image forming apparatus is used. 8. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the notification circuitry transmits, to another apparatus, electronic data that gives a notification of the detection of the object. 9. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising invalidating circuitry that invalidates the detection sensor for a second given period of time, in a case where the object is detected by the detection sensor. 10. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising shifting circuitry that shifts, in the unused period set by the period setting circuitry, the image forming apparatus to a notification enabled state in which notification by the notification circuitry is possible. 11. The image forming apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the shifting circuitry shifts the image forming apparatus to the notification enabled state, even in a case where an abnormality occurs in the image forming apparatus. 12. The image forming apparatus according to claim 10, further comprising:
one or a plurality of display lamps; and turning-off circuitry that turns all of the display lamps off, in a case where the image forming apparatus is shifted to the notification enabled state by the shifting circuitry. 13. The image forming apparatus according to claim 10, further comprising releasing circuitry that releases the notification enabled state, in a case where the unused period set by the period setting circuitry ends. 14. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
reception circuitry that receives a request for an external job; and execution circuitry that executes the external job, in a case where the request for the external job is received by the reception circuitry in the unused period set by the period setting circuitry. 15. An image forming apparatus comprising:
period setting circuitry that sets an unused period in which the image forming apparatus is not used; a detection sensor that detects whether or not an object exists within a given region that is set for the image forming apparatus; and notification circuitry that gives a notification that the object has been detected, in a case where existence of the object has been detected by the detection sensor in the unused period set by the period setting circuitry; wherein the notification circuitry transmits a notification message to an address, which has been registered in advance, by an electronic mail. 16. The image forming apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the notification message includes a text sentence indicating that an intruder has been detected and specific information of the image forming apparatus that has detected the intruder. 17. A notification control method comprising:
(a) setting an unused period in which an image forming apparatus is not used: (b) detecting whether or not an object exists within a given region that is set for the image forming apparatus; (c) giving a notification that the object has been detected, in a case where existence of the object has been detected at (b) in the unused period set at (a); and (d) activating the (b), in a case where the unused period set at (a) starts. | 1,700 |
346,739 | 16,805,206 | 1,741 | An imprinting method includes capturing an image of a resin layer formed on a region of a first substrate with resin fluid supplied onto the first substrate from a resin fluid dispenser, determining a luminance distribution in the region in the captured image, determining a thickness distribution of the resin layer based on a relationship between a thickness of a resin layer and a luminance and the determined luminance distribution, determining a resin fluid supply condition to form a resin layer in a predetermined thickness range, based on the determined thickness distribution, and supplying resin fluid from the resin fluid dispenser onto a region of a second substrate in accordance with the determined resin fluid supply condition. | 1. An imprinting method comprising:
capturing an image of a resin layer formed on a region of a first substrate with resin fluid supplied onto the first substrate from a resin fluid dispenser; determining a luminance distribution in the region in the captured image; determining a thickness distribution of the resin layer based on a relationship between a thickness of a resin layer and a luminance and the determined luminance distribution; determining a resin fluid supply condition to form a resin layer in a predetermined thickness range, based on the determined thickness distribution; and supplying resin fluid from the resin fluid dispenser onto a region of a second substrate in accordance with the determined resin fluid supply condition. 2. The imprinting method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness distribution indicates a first subregion in the region of the first substrate having a first thickness and a second subregion in the region of the first substrate having a second thickness greater than the first thickness. 3. The imprinting method according to claim 2, wherein the resin fluid supply condition includes a first drive voltage to be applied to the resin fluid dispenser when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the first subregion and a second drive voltage to be applied to the resin fluid dispenser when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the second subregion, the second drive voltage being greater than the first drive voltage. 4. The imprinting method according to claim 2, wherein the resin fluid supply condition includes a first frequency of a first drive voltage to be applied to the resin fluid dispenser when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the first subregion and a second frequency of a second drive voltage to be applied to the resin fluid dispenser when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the second subregion, the second frequency being greater than the first frequency. 5. The imprinting method according to claim 2, wherein the resin fluid supply condition includes a first speed of movement of the resin fluid dispenser when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the first subregion and a second speed of the movement of the resin fluid dispenser when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the second subregion, the second speed being less than the first speed, the movement of the resin fluid dispenser being along a substrate surface. 6. The imprinting method according to claim 2, wherein the resin fluid supply condition includes a first amount of fluid resin supply per unit area when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the first subregion and a second amount of fluid resin supply per the unit area when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the second subregion, the second amount being greater than the first amount. 7. The imprinting method according to claim 2, wherein the resin fluid supply condition includes a first fluid resin drop location when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the first subregion and a second fluid resin drop location when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the second subregion. 8. The imprinting method according to claim 1, wherein the resin layer formed on the region of the first substrate is a solidified resin layer. 9. The imprinting method according to claim 1, wherein the relationship includes a first relationship between a thickness of a resin layer and a luminance in a case where an under layer of the resin layer is formed of a first material and a second relationship between a thickness of a resin layer and a luminance in a case where an under layer of the resin layer is formed of a second material different from the first material. 10. The imprinting method according to claim 1, wherein the relationship includes a first relationship between a thickness of a resin layer and a luminance in a case where an illumination light used to capture the image has a first wavelength profile and a second relationship between a thickness of a resin layer and a luminance in a case where the illumination light used to capture the image has a second wavelength profile different from the first wavelength profile. 11. An imprinting apparatus comprising:
a resin fluid dispenser configured to supply resin fluid onto a substrate; an imaging device configured to capture an image of a resin layer formed on a region of the substrate with the resin fluid supplied from the resin fluid dispenser; and a control circuit configured to:
determine a luminance distribution in the region in the captured image;
determine a thickness distribution of the resin layer based on a relationship between a thickness of a resin layer and a luminance and the determined luminance distribution;
determine a resin fluid supply condition to form a resin layer in a predetermined thickness range, based on the determined thickness distribution; and
control the resin fluid dispenser to supply resin fluid in accordance with the determined resin fluid supply condition. 12. The imprinting apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the thickness distribution indicates a first subregion in the region of the first substrate having a first thickness and a second subregion in the region of the first substrate having a second thickness greater than the first thickness. 13. The imprinting apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the resin fluid supply condition includes a first drive voltage to be applied to the resin fluid dispenser when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the first subregion and a second drive voltage to be applied to the resin fluid dispenser when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the second subregion, the second drive voltage being greater than the first drive voltage. 14. The imprinting apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the resin fluid supply condition includes a first frequency of a first drive voltage to be applied to the resin fluid dispenser when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the first subregion and a second frequency of a second drive voltage to be applied to the resin fluid dispenser when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the second subregion, the second frequency being greater than the first frequency. 15. The imprinting apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the resin fluid supply condition includes a first speed of movement of the resin fluid dispenser when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the first subregion and a second speed of the movement of the resin fluid dispenser when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the second subregion, the second speed being less than the first speed, the movement of the resin fluid dispenser being along a substrate surface. 16. The imprinting apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the resin fluid supply condition includes a first amount of fluid resin supply per unit area when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the first subregion and a second amount of fluid resin supply per the unit area when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the second subregion, the second amount being greater than the first amount. 17. The imprinting apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the resin fluid supply condition includes a first fluid resin drop location when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the first subregion and a second fluid resin drop location when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the second subregion. 18. The imprinting apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the resin layer formed on the region of the first substrate is a solidified resin layer. 19. The imprinting apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the relationship includes a first relationship between a thickness of a resin layer and a luminance in a case where an under layer of the resin layer is formed of a first material and a second relationship between a thickness of a resin layer and a luminance in a case where an under layer of the resin layer is formed of a second material different from the first material. 20. The imprinting apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the relationship includes a first relationship between a thickness of a resin layer and a luminance in a case where an illumination light used to capture the image has a first wavelength profile and a second relationship between a thickness of a resin layer and a luminance in a case where the illumination light used to capture the image has a second wavelength profile different from the first wavelength profile. | An imprinting method includes capturing an image of a resin layer formed on a region of a first substrate with resin fluid supplied onto the first substrate from a resin fluid dispenser, determining a luminance distribution in the region in the captured image, determining a thickness distribution of the resin layer based on a relationship between a thickness of a resin layer and a luminance and the determined luminance distribution, determining a resin fluid supply condition to form a resin layer in a predetermined thickness range, based on the determined thickness distribution, and supplying resin fluid from the resin fluid dispenser onto a region of a second substrate in accordance with the determined resin fluid supply condition.1. An imprinting method comprising:
capturing an image of a resin layer formed on a region of a first substrate with resin fluid supplied onto the first substrate from a resin fluid dispenser; determining a luminance distribution in the region in the captured image; determining a thickness distribution of the resin layer based on a relationship between a thickness of a resin layer and a luminance and the determined luminance distribution; determining a resin fluid supply condition to form a resin layer in a predetermined thickness range, based on the determined thickness distribution; and supplying resin fluid from the resin fluid dispenser onto a region of a second substrate in accordance with the determined resin fluid supply condition. 2. The imprinting method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness distribution indicates a first subregion in the region of the first substrate having a first thickness and a second subregion in the region of the first substrate having a second thickness greater than the first thickness. 3. The imprinting method according to claim 2, wherein the resin fluid supply condition includes a first drive voltage to be applied to the resin fluid dispenser when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the first subregion and a second drive voltage to be applied to the resin fluid dispenser when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the second subregion, the second drive voltage being greater than the first drive voltage. 4. The imprinting method according to claim 2, wherein the resin fluid supply condition includes a first frequency of a first drive voltage to be applied to the resin fluid dispenser when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the first subregion and a second frequency of a second drive voltage to be applied to the resin fluid dispenser when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the second subregion, the second frequency being greater than the first frequency. 5. The imprinting method according to claim 2, wherein the resin fluid supply condition includes a first speed of movement of the resin fluid dispenser when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the first subregion and a second speed of the movement of the resin fluid dispenser when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the second subregion, the second speed being less than the first speed, the movement of the resin fluid dispenser being along a substrate surface. 6. The imprinting method according to claim 2, wherein the resin fluid supply condition includes a first amount of fluid resin supply per unit area when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the first subregion and a second amount of fluid resin supply per the unit area when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the second subregion, the second amount being greater than the first amount. 7. The imprinting method according to claim 2, wherein the resin fluid supply condition includes a first fluid resin drop location when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the first subregion and a second fluid resin drop location when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the second subregion. 8. The imprinting method according to claim 1, wherein the resin layer formed on the region of the first substrate is a solidified resin layer. 9. The imprinting method according to claim 1, wherein the relationship includes a first relationship between a thickness of a resin layer and a luminance in a case where an under layer of the resin layer is formed of a first material and a second relationship between a thickness of a resin layer and a luminance in a case where an under layer of the resin layer is formed of a second material different from the first material. 10. The imprinting method according to claim 1, wherein the relationship includes a first relationship between a thickness of a resin layer and a luminance in a case where an illumination light used to capture the image has a first wavelength profile and a second relationship between a thickness of a resin layer and a luminance in a case where the illumination light used to capture the image has a second wavelength profile different from the first wavelength profile. 11. An imprinting apparatus comprising:
a resin fluid dispenser configured to supply resin fluid onto a substrate; an imaging device configured to capture an image of a resin layer formed on a region of the substrate with the resin fluid supplied from the resin fluid dispenser; and a control circuit configured to:
determine a luminance distribution in the region in the captured image;
determine a thickness distribution of the resin layer based on a relationship between a thickness of a resin layer and a luminance and the determined luminance distribution;
determine a resin fluid supply condition to form a resin layer in a predetermined thickness range, based on the determined thickness distribution; and
control the resin fluid dispenser to supply resin fluid in accordance with the determined resin fluid supply condition. 12. The imprinting apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the thickness distribution indicates a first subregion in the region of the first substrate having a first thickness and a second subregion in the region of the first substrate having a second thickness greater than the first thickness. 13. The imprinting apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the resin fluid supply condition includes a first drive voltage to be applied to the resin fluid dispenser when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the first subregion and a second drive voltage to be applied to the resin fluid dispenser when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the second subregion, the second drive voltage being greater than the first drive voltage. 14. The imprinting apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the resin fluid supply condition includes a first frequency of a first drive voltage to be applied to the resin fluid dispenser when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the first subregion and a second frequency of a second drive voltage to be applied to the resin fluid dispenser when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the second subregion, the second frequency being greater than the first frequency. 15. The imprinting apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the resin fluid supply condition includes a first speed of movement of the resin fluid dispenser when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the first subregion and a second speed of the movement of the resin fluid dispenser when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the second subregion, the second speed being less than the first speed, the movement of the resin fluid dispenser being along a substrate surface. 16. The imprinting apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the resin fluid supply condition includes a first amount of fluid resin supply per unit area when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the first subregion and a second amount of fluid resin supply per the unit area when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the second subregion, the second amount being greater than the first amount. 17. The imprinting apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the resin fluid supply condition includes a first fluid resin drop location when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the first subregion and a second fluid resin drop location when supplying the resin fluid onto a subregion corresponding to the second subregion. 18. The imprinting apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the resin layer formed on the region of the first substrate is a solidified resin layer. 19. The imprinting apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the relationship includes a first relationship between a thickness of a resin layer and a luminance in a case where an under layer of the resin layer is formed of a first material and a second relationship between a thickness of a resin layer and a luminance in a case where an under layer of the resin layer is formed of a second material different from the first material. 20. The imprinting apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the relationship includes a first relationship between a thickness of a resin layer and a luminance in a case where an illumination light used to capture the image has a first wavelength profile and a second relationship between a thickness of a resin layer and a luminance in a case where the illumination light used to capture the image has a second wavelength profile different from the first wavelength profile. | 1,700 |
346,740 | 16,805,194 | 1,741 | Methods and systems for analyzing care data are described. The method includes building a virtual model of a physical medical device. Training is provided to a patient associated with the physical medical device to properly use the physical medical device by manipulating the virtual model. First care data associated with a first sensor associated with the physical medical device and second care data associated with a second sensor is received by a cloud service. The cloud service analyzes the first care data to obtain a first care data score and analyzes the second care data to obtain a second care data score. The cloud service scores, using a machine learning algorithm, the first care data score and the second care data score to obtain a combined care score. The cloud service determines whether the combined care score is greater than a threshold. The cloud service triggers an emergency procedure when it is determined that the combined care score is greater than the threshold. | 1. A method for analyzing care data, the method comprising:
building a virtual model of a physical medical device; providing training to a patient associated with the physical medical device to properly use the physical medical device by manipulating the virtual model; receiving, by a cloud service, first care data associated with a first sensor associated with the physical medical device and second care data associated with a second sensor; analyzing, by the cloud service, the first care data to obtain a first care data score; analyzing, by the cloud service, the second care data to obtain a second care data score; scoring, by the cloud service using a machine learning algorithm, the first care data score and the second care data score to obtain a combined care score; determining, by the cloud service, whether the combined care score is greater than a threshold; and triggering, by the cloud service, an emergency procedure when it is determined that the combined care score is greater than the threshold. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
registering, by a cloud service, an edge computing device;
connecting the edge computing device to a cloud service;
receiving, by the edge computing device, the first care data from the first sensor associated with the physical medical device and second care data from the second sensor;
filtering, by the edge computing device, sensitive information from the first care data and the second care data. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising displaying the virtual model on a graphical display, wherein the virtual model shows changes to the physical medical device in real-time. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the displaying is performed in response to triggering the emergency procedure. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the graphical display is associated with a medical professional. 6. The method of claim 5 further comprising transmitting instructions from the medical professional to the patient associated with the physical medical device. 7. The method of claim 5 further comprising manipulating the physical medical device by manipulating the virtual model. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the physical medical device provides at least one of kidney care and infusion services. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the virtual model is one of an augmented reality and a virtual reality model. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting, form the cloud service, a service for providing mixed reality to a patient device associated with the patient. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising initiating a voice service for interacting with a patient associated with the physical medical device. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the triggering an emergency procedure comprises automatically contacting a medical professional. 13. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions, that when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform steps comprising:
building a virtual model of a physical medical device; providing training to a patient associated with the physical medical device to properly use the physical medical device in response to manipulation of the virtual model; receiving first care data associated with a first sensor associated with the physical medical device and second care data associated with a second sensor to the cloud service; analyzing the first care data to obtain a first care data score; analyzing the second care data to obtain a second care data score; scoring, using a machine learning algorithm, the first care data score and the second care data score to obtain a combined care score; determining whether the combined care score is greater than a threshold; and triggering an emergency procedure when it is determined that the combined care score is greater than the threshold. 14. The steps of claim 13, further comprising displaying the virtual model on a graphical display, wherein the virtual model shows changes to the physical medical device in real-time. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the displaying is performed in response to triggering the emergency procedure. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the graphical display is associated with a medical professional. 17. The method of claim 16 further comprising transmitting instructions from the medical professional to the patient associated with the physical medical device. 18. The method of claim 14 further comprising manipulating the physical medical device by manipulating the virtual model. 19. A device for analyzing care data comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions, that when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform steps comprising:
building a virtual model of a physical medical device;
providing training to a patient associated with the physical medical device to properly use the physical medical device in response to manipulation of the virtual model;
receiving first care data associated with a first sensor associated with the physical medical device and second care data associated with a second sensor to the cloud service;
analyzing the first care data to obtain a first care data score;
analyzing the second care data to obtain a second care data score;
scoring, using a machine learning algorithm, the first care data score and the second care data score to obtain a combined care score;
determining whether the combined care score is greater than a threshold; and
triggering an emergency procedure when it is determined that the combined care score is greater than the threshold. 20. The steps of claim 19, further comprising displaying the virtual model on a graphical display, wherein the virtual model shows changes to the physical medical device in real-time. | Methods and systems for analyzing care data are described. The method includes building a virtual model of a physical medical device. Training is provided to a patient associated with the physical medical device to properly use the physical medical device by manipulating the virtual model. First care data associated with a first sensor associated with the physical medical device and second care data associated with a second sensor is received by a cloud service. The cloud service analyzes the first care data to obtain a first care data score and analyzes the second care data to obtain a second care data score. The cloud service scores, using a machine learning algorithm, the first care data score and the second care data score to obtain a combined care score. The cloud service determines whether the combined care score is greater than a threshold. The cloud service triggers an emergency procedure when it is determined that the combined care score is greater than the threshold.1. A method for analyzing care data, the method comprising:
building a virtual model of a physical medical device; providing training to a patient associated with the physical medical device to properly use the physical medical device by manipulating the virtual model; receiving, by a cloud service, first care data associated with a first sensor associated with the physical medical device and second care data associated with a second sensor; analyzing, by the cloud service, the first care data to obtain a first care data score; analyzing, by the cloud service, the second care data to obtain a second care data score; scoring, by the cloud service using a machine learning algorithm, the first care data score and the second care data score to obtain a combined care score; determining, by the cloud service, whether the combined care score is greater than a threshold; and triggering, by the cloud service, an emergency procedure when it is determined that the combined care score is greater than the threshold. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
registering, by a cloud service, an edge computing device;
connecting the edge computing device to a cloud service;
receiving, by the edge computing device, the first care data from the first sensor associated with the physical medical device and second care data from the second sensor;
filtering, by the edge computing device, sensitive information from the first care data and the second care data. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising displaying the virtual model on a graphical display, wherein the virtual model shows changes to the physical medical device in real-time. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the displaying is performed in response to triggering the emergency procedure. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the graphical display is associated with a medical professional. 6. The method of claim 5 further comprising transmitting instructions from the medical professional to the patient associated with the physical medical device. 7. The method of claim 5 further comprising manipulating the physical medical device by manipulating the virtual model. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the physical medical device provides at least one of kidney care and infusion services. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the virtual model is one of an augmented reality and a virtual reality model. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting, form the cloud service, a service for providing mixed reality to a patient device associated with the patient. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising initiating a voice service for interacting with a patient associated with the physical medical device. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the triggering an emergency procedure comprises automatically contacting a medical professional. 13. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions, that when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform steps comprising:
building a virtual model of a physical medical device; providing training to a patient associated with the physical medical device to properly use the physical medical device in response to manipulation of the virtual model; receiving first care data associated with a first sensor associated with the physical medical device and second care data associated with a second sensor to the cloud service; analyzing the first care data to obtain a first care data score; analyzing the second care data to obtain a second care data score; scoring, using a machine learning algorithm, the first care data score and the second care data score to obtain a combined care score; determining whether the combined care score is greater than a threshold; and triggering an emergency procedure when it is determined that the combined care score is greater than the threshold. 14. The steps of claim 13, further comprising displaying the virtual model on a graphical display, wherein the virtual model shows changes to the physical medical device in real-time. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the displaying is performed in response to triggering the emergency procedure. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the graphical display is associated with a medical professional. 17. The method of claim 16 further comprising transmitting instructions from the medical professional to the patient associated with the physical medical device. 18. The method of claim 14 further comprising manipulating the physical medical device by manipulating the virtual model. 19. A device for analyzing care data comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions, that when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform steps comprising:
building a virtual model of a physical medical device;
providing training to a patient associated with the physical medical device to properly use the physical medical device in response to manipulation of the virtual model;
receiving first care data associated with a first sensor associated with the physical medical device and second care data associated with a second sensor to the cloud service;
analyzing the first care data to obtain a first care data score;
analyzing the second care data to obtain a second care data score;
scoring, using a machine learning algorithm, the first care data score and the second care data score to obtain a combined care score;
determining whether the combined care score is greater than a threshold; and
triggering an emergency procedure when it is determined that the combined care score is greater than the threshold. 20. The steps of claim 19, further comprising displaying the virtual model on a graphical display, wherein the virtual model shows changes to the physical medical device in real-time. | 1,700 |
346,741 | 16,805,195 | 1,798 | The disclosed embodiments related to an apparatus and methods for biological sample processing enabling isolation and concentration of microbial or pathogenic constituents from the sample. Sample may be obtained directly from a specimen container, such as a vacutainer, and processed directly without risk of user exposure. The disclosed methods and apparatus provide a convenient and inexpensive solution for rapid sample preparation compatible with downstream analysis techniques. | 1. An apparatus to capture pathogens from a biological sample, the apparatus comprising:
a valve body to fluidically couple a sample tube to each of a syringe body and a capture tube, the valve body having a sample inlet, a first outlet, a second outlet, a channel to connect the sample inlet with each of the first and the second outlets, a first one-way valve to connect the sample inlet with the channel, a second one-way valve to connect the channel to the second outlet; a syringe body having an outer barrel and an inner barrel, the outer barrel further comprising a first reservoir containing a first reagent; and a plunger piston configured to moveably couple to the outer syringe barrel, the plunger piston comprising an inner syringe barrel, and outer syringe barrel and a puncture-able separator positioned between the first and second reservoirs, the inner syringe barrel defining a second reservoir to receive a second reagent; wherein the puncture-able separator is configured to provide automatic sequential delivery of the first and second reagents. | The disclosed embodiments related to an apparatus and methods for biological sample processing enabling isolation and concentration of microbial or pathogenic constituents from the sample. Sample may be obtained directly from a specimen container, such as a vacutainer, and processed directly without risk of user exposure. The disclosed methods and apparatus provide a convenient and inexpensive solution for rapid sample preparation compatible with downstream analysis techniques.1. An apparatus to capture pathogens from a biological sample, the apparatus comprising:
a valve body to fluidically couple a sample tube to each of a syringe body and a capture tube, the valve body having a sample inlet, a first outlet, a second outlet, a channel to connect the sample inlet with each of the first and the second outlets, a first one-way valve to connect the sample inlet with the channel, a second one-way valve to connect the channel to the second outlet; a syringe body having an outer barrel and an inner barrel, the outer barrel further comprising a first reservoir containing a first reagent; and a plunger piston configured to moveably couple to the outer syringe barrel, the plunger piston comprising an inner syringe barrel, and outer syringe barrel and a puncture-able separator positioned between the first and second reservoirs, the inner syringe barrel defining a second reservoir to receive a second reagent; wherein the puncture-able separator is configured to provide automatic sequential delivery of the first and second reagents. | 1,700 |
346,742 | 16,805,163 | 1,798 | An apparatus includes a connector cover and a lever arm coupled to the connector cover, the lever arm being shaped to accommodate a portion of an activating pin, wherein contact of the activating pin with the lever arm causes a movement of the connector cover from a first position to a second position. The apparatus includes a latch assembly comprising a clamp, the clamp in a clamped position preventing the connector cover from moving from the first position to a second position. The apparatus includes a first bracket with a first indentation, the first indentation being sized to accommodate a portion of a first locating pin, wherein an insertion of the first locating pin into the first indentation moves the clamp from the clamped position to an unclamped position, the unclamped position permitting the connector cover to move when activated by the insertion of the activating pin. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a connector cover; a lever arm coupled to the connector cover, the lever arm being shaped to accommodate a portion of an activating pin of a complementary apparatus, wherein contact of the activating pin with the lever arm causes a movement of the connector cover from a first position to a second position; a latch assembly comprising a clamp, the clamp in a clamped position preventing the connector cover from moving from the first position to a second position; and an alignment bracket with an indentation, the indentation being sized to accommodate a portion of an alignment pin of the complementary apparatus, wherein an insertion of the alignment pin into the indentation moves the clamp from the clamped position to an unclamped position, the unclamped position permitting the connector cover to move when activated by the insertion of the activating pin. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first position of the connector comprises a closed position and the second position of the connector comprises an open position. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the connector cover is coupled to a pivot pin and contact of the activating pin with the lever arm causes a rotation of the connector cover and the pivot pin. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein absence of contact of the activating pin with the lever arm causes a movement of the connector cover from the second position to the first position. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the connector cover is coupled to a pivot pin and absence of contact of the activating pin with the lever arm causes a rotation of the connector cover and the pivot pin from the second position to the first position. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the clamp in the clamped position prevents the connector cover from moving from the first position to the second position. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein absence of insertion of the alignment pin into the indentation moves the clamp from the unclamped position to the clamped position, the clamped position preventing the connector cover from moving when activated by the insertion of the activating pin. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a holding mechanism mounted on a pivot pin, the holding mechanism maintaining the connector cover in the first position in the absence of the activating pin. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the holding mechanism comprises a torsion spring. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the latch assembly further comprises an extension mechanism, the insertion of the alignment pin extending the extension mechanism, the extension of the extension mechanism moving the clamp from the clamped position to the unclamped position. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the extension mechanism comprises a compression spring, the insertion of the alignment pin extending the compression spring. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the connector cover covers a chassis portion, the connector cover preventing access to the chassis portion when the connector cover is in the first position, the connector cover allowing access to the chassis portion when the connector cover is in the second position. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the chassis portion comprises a first electrical connector, the connector cover allowing a second electrical connector to electrically couple to the first electrical connector when the connector cover is in the second position. 14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the alignment pin is longer than the activating pin. 15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first indentation comprises a first opening. 16. An apparatus comprising:
a first chassis, the first chassis comprising:
a connector cover;
a lever arm coupled to the connector cover, the lever arm being shaped to accommodate a portion of an activating pin, wherein contact of the activating pin with the lever arm causes a movement of the connector cover from a first position to a second position;
a latch assembly comprising a clamp, the clamp in a clamped position preventing the connector cover from moving from the first position to a second position; and
a first alignment bracket with a first indentation, the first indentation being sized to accommodate a portion of a first alignment pin, wherein an insertion of the first alignment pin into the first indentation moves the clamp from the clamped position to an unclamped position, the unclamped position permitting the connector cover to move when activated by the insertion of the activating pin; and
a second chassis, the second chassis comprising:
the activating pin; and
the first alignment pin. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising:
the first chassis further comprising a second alignment bracket with a second indentation, the second indentation being sized to accommodate a portion of a second alignment pin; the second chassis further comprising the second alignment pin; and the first alignment pin and the second alignment pin aligning a first connector of the first chassis with a second connector of the second chassis, the aligning allowing the first connector to couple to the second connector when the connector cover is in the second position. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the connector cover covers a portion of the first chassis, the connector cover preventing access to the portion when the connector cover is in the first position, the connector cover allowing access to the portion when the connector cover is in the second position. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the latch assembly further comprises an extension mechanism, the insertion of the first alignment pin extending the extension mechanism, the extension of the extension mechanism moving the clamp from the clamped position to the unclamped position. 20. A method comprising:
providing a connector cover; providing a lever arm coupled to the connector cover, the lever arm being shaped to accommodate a portion of an activating pin, wherein contact of the activating pin with the lever arm causes a movement of the connector cover from a first position to a second position; providing a latch assembly comprising a clamp, the clamp in a clamped position preventing the connector cover from moving from the first position to a second position; and providing a first alignment bracket with a first indentation, the first indentation being sized to accommodate a portion of a first alignment pin, wherein an insertion of the first alignment pin into the first indentation moves the clamp from the clamped position to an unclamped position, the unclamped position permitting the connector cover to move when activated by the insertion of the activating pin. | An apparatus includes a connector cover and a lever arm coupled to the connector cover, the lever arm being shaped to accommodate a portion of an activating pin, wherein contact of the activating pin with the lever arm causes a movement of the connector cover from a first position to a second position. The apparatus includes a latch assembly comprising a clamp, the clamp in a clamped position preventing the connector cover from moving from the first position to a second position. The apparatus includes a first bracket with a first indentation, the first indentation being sized to accommodate a portion of a first locating pin, wherein an insertion of the first locating pin into the first indentation moves the clamp from the clamped position to an unclamped position, the unclamped position permitting the connector cover to move when activated by the insertion of the activating pin.1. An apparatus comprising:
a connector cover; a lever arm coupled to the connector cover, the lever arm being shaped to accommodate a portion of an activating pin of a complementary apparatus, wherein contact of the activating pin with the lever arm causes a movement of the connector cover from a first position to a second position; a latch assembly comprising a clamp, the clamp in a clamped position preventing the connector cover from moving from the first position to a second position; and an alignment bracket with an indentation, the indentation being sized to accommodate a portion of an alignment pin of the complementary apparatus, wherein an insertion of the alignment pin into the indentation moves the clamp from the clamped position to an unclamped position, the unclamped position permitting the connector cover to move when activated by the insertion of the activating pin. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first position of the connector comprises a closed position and the second position of the connector comprises an open position. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the connector cover is coupled to a pivot pin and contact of the activating pin with the lever arm causes a rotation of the connector cover and the pivot pin. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein absence of contact of the activating pin with the lever arm causes a movement of the connector cover from the second position to the first position. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the connector cover is coupled to a pivot pin and absence of contact of the activating pin with the lever arm causes a rotation of the connector cover and the pivot pin from the second position to the first position. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the clamp in the clamped position prevents the connector cover from moving from the first position to the second position. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein absence of insertion of the alignment pin into the indentation moves the clamp from the unclamped position to the clamped position, the clamped position preventing the connector cover from moving when activated by the insertion of the activating pin. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a holding mechanism mounted on a pivot pin, the holding mechanism maintaining the connector cover in the first position in the absence of the activating pin. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the holding mechanism comprises a torsion spring. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the latch assembly further comprises an extension mechanism, the insertion of the alignment pin extending the extension mechanism, the extension of the extension mechanism moving the clamp from the clamped position to the unclamped position. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the extension mechanism comprises a compression spring, the insertion of the alignment pin extending the compression spring. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the connector cover covers a chassis portion, the connector cover preventing access to the chassis portion when the connector cover is in the first position, the connector cover allowing access to the chassis portion when the connector cover is in the second position. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the chassis portion comprises a first electrical connector, the connector cover allowing a second electrical connector to electrically couple to the first electrical connector when the connector cover is in the second position. 14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the alignment pin is longer than the activating pin. 15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first indentation comprises a first opening. 16. An apparatus comprising:
a first chassis, the first chassis comprising:
a connector cover;
a lever arm coupled to the connector cover, the lever arm being shaped to accommodate a portion of an activating pin, wherein contact of the activating pin with the lever arm causes a movement of the connector cover from a first position to a second position;
a latch assembly comprising a clamp, the clamp in a clamped position preventing the connector cover from moving from the first position to a second position; and
a first alignment bracket with a first indentation, the first indentation being sized to accommodate a portion of a first alignment pin, wherein an insertion of the first alignment pin into the first indentation moves the clamp from the clamped position to an unclamped position, the unclamped position permitting the connector cover to move when activated by the insertion of the activating pin; and
a second chassis, the second chassis comprising:
the activating pin; and
the first alignment pin. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising:
the first chassis further comprising a second alignment bracket with a second indentation, the second indentation being sized to accommodate a portion of a second alignment pin; the second chassis further comprising the second alignment pin; and the first alignment pin and the second alignment pin aligning a first connector of the first chassis with a second connector of the second chassis, the aligning allowing the first connector to couple to the second connector when the connector cover is in the second position. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the connector cover covers a portion of the first chassis, the connector cover preventing access to the portion when the connector cover is in the first position, the connector cover allowing access to the portion when the connector cover is in the second position. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the latch assembly further comprises an extension mechanism, the insertion of the first alignment pin extending the extension mechanism, the extension of the extension mechanism moving the clamp from the clamped position to the unclamped position. 20. A method comprising:
providing a connector cover; providing a lever arm coupled to the connector cover, the lever arm being shaped to accommodate a portion of an activating pin, wherein contact of the activating pin with the lever arm causes a movement of the connector cover from a first position to a second position; providing a latch assembly comprising a clamp, the clamp in a clamped position preventing the connector cover from moving from the first position to a second position; and providing a first alignment bracket with a first indentation, the first indentation being sized to accommodate a portion of a first alignment pin, wherein an insertion of the first alignment pin into the first indentation moves the clamp from the clamped position to an unclamped position, the unclamped position permitting the connector cover to move when activated by the insertion of the activating pin. | 1,700 |
346,743 | 16,805,169 | 1,798 | Gene expression profiling is a powerful tool that has varied utility. It enables classification of multiple myeloma into subtypes and identifying genes directly involved in disease pathogenesis and clinical manifestation. The present invention used gene expression profiling in large uniformly treated population of patients with myeloma to identify genes associated with poor prognosis. It also demonstrated that over-expression of CKS1B gene, mainly due to gene amplification that was determined by Fluorescent in-situ hybridization to impart a poor prognosis in multiple myeloma. It is further contemplated that therapeutic strategies that directly target CKS1B or related pathways may represent novel, and more specific means of treating high risk myeloma and may prevent its secondary evolution. | 1.-20. (canceled) 21. A detection method comprising:
a) obtaining a biological sample containing plasma cells from an individual diagnosed as having monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or multiple myeloma; b) contacting the biological sample with a probe that binds to CKS1B gene, a probe that binds to CCND1 gene, a probe that binds to MAF gene, a probe that binds to MAFB gene, a probe that binds to FGFR3 gene, and a probe that binds to MMSET gene; and c) detecting via fluorescent in situ hybridization a set of signals from the probes bound to the respective genes CKS1B, CCND1, MAF, MAFB, FGFR3, and MMSET. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein said fluorescent in situ hybridization comprises interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization, metaphase fluorescent in situ hybridization, or both. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the biological sample is a bone marrow sample. 24. The method of claim 21, further comprising determining the presence of a chromosomal translocation of CCND1 gene, MAF gene, MAFB gene, FGFR3 gene, or MMSET gene. 25. The method of claim 21, further comprising determining the presence of translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32), translocation t(4;14)(p21;q32), translocation t(14;16)(q32;q23), or translocation t(14;20)(q32;q13). 26. The method of claim 21, further comprising contacting the biological sample with a probe that binds to an AHCYL1 gene at chromosome position 1p13 and detecting via fluorescent in situ hybridization a signal from the probe bound to the AHCYL1 gene. 27. The method of claim 21, further comprising detecting via fluorescent in situ hybridization a set of signals from the probes bound to the respective genes CKS1B, CCND1, MAF, MAFB, FGFR3, and MMSET in a control sample. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the control sample is from a healthy individual. 29. The method of claim 21, wherein the biological sample comprises CD138+ plasma cells. 30. The method of claim 21, wherein the biological sample comprises CD138+ plasma cells isolated from bone marrow. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the CD138+ plasma cells are isolated from bone marrow by immunomagnetic enrichment. 32. The method of claim 21, further comprising assaying the level of expression of CKS1B gene, CCND1 gene, MAF gene, MAFB gene, FGFR3 gene, and MMSET gene. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the gene expression levels are assayed by DNA microarray or RT-PCR. 34. The method of claim 21, further comprising contacting the biological sample with a probe that binds to a D13S31/RB1 gene at chromosome position 13q14 and/or a probe that binds to a D13S285 gene at chromosome position 13qte, and detecting via fluorescent in situ hybridization a signal from the probe bound to the D13S31/RB1 gene or the D13S285 gene. 35. The method of claim 21, further comprising assaying the level of expression of one or more genes selected from among GNG10, PNPLA4, KIAA1754, AHCYL1, MCLC, EV15, AD-020, PARG1, CTBS, FUCA1, RFP2, FLJ20489, LTBP1, TRIP13, AIM2, SEL1 SLC19A1, LARS2, OPN3, ASPM, CCT2, UBE21, STK6, FLJ13052, FLJ12525, BIRC5, CKAP1, MGC57827, DKFZp7790175, PFN1, ILF3, IFI16, TBRG4, PAPD1, EIF2C2, MGC4308, ENO1, DSG2, EXOSC4, TAGLN2, RUVBL1, ALDOA, CPSF3, MGC15606, LGALS1, RAD18, SNX5, PSMD4, RAN, KIF14, CBX3, TWPO, DKFZP586L0724, WEE1, ROBO1, TCOF1, YWHAZ, and MPHOSP1 in the biological sample. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the gene expression levels are assayed by DNA microarray or RT-PCR. | Gene expression profiling is a powerful tool that has varied utility. It enables classification of multiple myeloma into subtypes and identifying genes directly involved in disease pathogenesis and clinical manifestation. The present invention used gene expression profiling in large uniformly treated population of patients with myeloma to identify genes associated with poor prognosis. It also demonstrated that over-expression of CKS1B gene, mainly due to gene amplification that was determined by Fluorescent in-situ hybridization to impart a poor prognosis in multiple myeloma. It is further contemplated that therapeutic strategies that directly target CKS1B or related pathways may represent novel, and more specific means of treating high risk myeloma and may prevent its secondary evolution.1.-20. (canceled) 21. A detection method comprising:
a) obtaining a biological sample containing plasma cells from an individual diagnosed as having monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or multiple myeloma; b) contacting the biological sample with a probe that binds to CKS1B gene, a probe that binds to CCND1 gene, a probe that binds to MAF gene, a probe that binds to MAFB gene, a probe that binds to FGFR3 gene, and a probe that binds to MMSET gene; and c) detecting via fluorescent in situ hybridization a set of signals from the probes bound to the respective genes CKS1B, CCND1, MAF, MAFB, FGFR3, and MMSET. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein said fluorescent in situ hybridization comprises interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization, metaphase fluorescent in situ hybridization, or both. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the biological sample is a bone marrow sample. 24. The method of claim 21, further comprising determining the presence of a chromosomal translocation of CCND1 gene, MAF gene, MAFB gene, FGFR3 gene, or MMSET gene. 25. The method of claim 21, further comprising determining the presence of translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32), translocation t(4;14)(p21;q32), translocation t(14;16)(q32;q23), or translocation t(14;20)(q32;q13). 26. The method of claim 21, further comprising contacting the biological sample with a probe that binds to an AHCYL1 gene at chromosome position 1p13 and detecting via fluorescent in situ hybridization a signal from the probe bound to the AHCYL1 gene. 27. The method of claim 21, further comprising detecting via fluorescent in situ hybridization a set of signals from the probes bound to the respective genes CKS1B, CCND1, MAF, MAFB, FGFR3, and MMSET in a control sample. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the control sample is from a healthy individual. 29. The method of claim 21, wherein the biological sample comprises CD138+ plasma cells. 30. The method of claim 21, wherein the biological sample comprises CD138+ plasma cells isolated from bone marrow. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the CD138+ plasma cells are isolated from bone marrow by immunomagnetic enrichment. 32. The method of claim 21, further comprising assaying the level of expression of CKS1B gene, CCND1 gene, MAF gene, MAFB gene, FGFR3 gene, and MMSET gene. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the gene expression levels are assayed by DNA microarray or RT-PCR. 34. The method of claim 21, further comprising contacting the biological sample with a probe that binds to a D13S31/RB1 gene at chromosome position 13q14 and/or a probe that binds to a D13S285 gene at chromosome position 13qte, and detecting via fluorescent in situ hybridization a signal from the probe bound to the D13S31/RB1 gene or the D13S285 gene. 35. The method of claim 21, further comprising assaying the level of expression of one or more genes selected from among GNG10, PNPLA4, KIAA1754, AHCYL1, MCLC, EV15, AD-020, PARG1, CTBS, FUCA1, RFP2, FLJ20489, LTBP1, TRIP13, AIM2, SEL1 SLC19A1, LARS2, OPN3, ASPM, CCT2, UBE21, STK6, FLJ13052, FLJ12525, BIRC5, CKAP1, MGC57827, DKFZp7790175, PFN1, ILF3, IFI16, TBRG4, PAPD1, EIF2C2, MGC4308, ENO1, DSG2, EXOSC4, TAGLN2, RUVBL1, ALDOA, CPSF3, MGC15606, LGALS1, RAD18, SNX5, PSMD4, RAN, KIF14, CBX3, TWPO, DKFZP586L0724, WEE1, ROBO1, TCOF1, YWHAZ, and MPHOSP1 in the biological sample. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the gene expression levels are assayed by DNA microarray or RT-PCR. | 1,700 |
346,744 | 16,805,212 | 1,798 | A method of detecting parity of weak magnetic fields includes inputting a first electromagnetic pump drive to a first three-wave mixing Josephson device via a first 90 deg. hybrid; inputting a second electromagnetic pump drive to a second three-wave mixing Josephson device through the first 90 deg. hybrid; and inputting a first electromagnetic wave via a second 90 deg. hybrid connected to the first three-wave mixing Josephson device to output a second electromagnetic wave through the second three-wave mixing Josephson device. The method includes transmitting a third electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to a third 90 deg. hybrid; and detecting a parity of a first magnet field applied by a first magnetic source and a second magnetic field applied by a second magnetic source based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference of the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave. | 1. A method of detecting parity of weak magnetic fields comprising:
inputting a first electromagnetic pump drive having a first pump phase to a first three-wave mixing Josephson device; inputting a second electromagnetic pump drive having a second pump phase to a second three-wave mixing Josephson device, the first pump phase and the second pump phase being shifted relative to each other by approximately 90 deg. (pi/2), and an input of the second three-wave mixing Josephson device being coupled to an output of the first three-wave mixing Josephson device; inputting a first electromagnetic wave to the first three-wave mixing Josephson device to output a second electromagnetic wave after passing through the second three-wave mixing Josephson device, or inputting the first electromagnetic wave to the second three wave mixing Josephson device to output a third electromagnetic wave after passing through the first three-wave mixing Josephson device; and detecting a parity of an orientation of a first magnetic field applied by a first magnetic source to the first three-wave mixing device and a second magnetic field applied by a second magnetic source to the second three-wave mixing device based on a first phase of the first electromagnetic wave, a second phase of the second electromagnetic wave, a third phase of the third electromagnetic wave, a first pump phase of the first electromagnetic pump drive and a second pump phase of the second electromagnetic pump drive. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity comprises detecting an even parity when the second pump phase is substantially equal to the first pump phase plus 90 deg., the first phase of the first electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the second phase of the second electromagnetic wave modulo 360 deg., and the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase plus 180 deg. modulo 360 deg. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity comprises detecting an even parity when the first pump phase is substantially equal to the second pump phase plus 90 deg., the second phase of the second electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase of the first electromagnetic wave plus 180 deg. modulo 360 deg., and the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase modulo 360 deg. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity comprises detecting an odd parity when the second pump phase is substantially equal to the first pump phase plus 90 deg., the second phase of the second electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase of the first electromagnetic wave plus 180 deg. modulo 360 deg., and when the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase modulo 360 deg. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity comprises detecting an odd parity when the first pump phase is substantially equal to the second pump phase plus 90 deg., the second phase of the second electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase modulo 360 deg. of the first electromagnetic wave, and when the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase plus 180 deg. modulo 360 deg. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein inputting the first electromagnetic pump drive having the first pump phase to the first three-wave mixing Josephson device comprises inputting the first electromagnetic pump drive to a first three-wave mixing Josephson device via a first 90 deg. hybrid. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein inputting the second electromagnetic pump drive having the second pump phase to the second three-wave mixing Josephson device comprises inputting the second electromagnetic pump drive to the second three-wave mixing Josephson device through the first 90 deg. hybrid. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field comprises detecting an even parity when the first and the second magnetic fields are oriented substantially in a same direction. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field comprises detecting an odd parity when the first and the second magnetic fields are oriented substantially in opposite directions. 10. A method of detecting parity of weak magnetic fields comprising:
inputting a first electromagnetic pump drive to a first three-wave mixing Josephson device via a first 90 deg. hybrid; inputting a second electromagnetic pump drive to a second three-wave mixing Josephson device through the first 90 deg. hybrid, an input of the second three-wave mixing Josephson device being coupled to an output of the first three-wave mixing Josephson device; inputting a first electromagnetic wave via a second 90 deg. hybrid connected to the first three-wave mixing Josephson device to output a second electromagnetic wave through the second three-wave mixing Josephson device; transmitting a third electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to a third 90 deg. hybrid connected to the second three-wave mixing Josephson device; detecting a parity of a first magnet field applied by a first magnetic source to the first three-wave mixing device and a second magnetic field applied by a second magnetic source to the second three-wave mixing device based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference of the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave after passing through the third 90 deg. hybrid at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein inputting the first electromagnetic pump drive comprises inputting the first electromagnetic pump drive having a first pump phase and inputting a second electromagnetic pump drive having a second pump phase shifted relative to the first pump phase by 90 deg. (pi/2). 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein inputting the first electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to output the second electromagnetic wave comprises inputting the first electromagnetic wave having a first phase to output the second electromagnetic wave having a second phase that is substantially equal to the first phase or substantially equal to the first phase plus 180 deg. (pi). 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein transmitting the third electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to the third 90 deg. hybrid comprises transmitting the third electromagnetic wave having a third phase that is substantially equal to a first phase of the first electromagnetic wave plus 90 deg. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein transmitting the third electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to the third 90 deg. hybrid further comprises adding a 90 deg. phase shift to the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave to obtain a third electromagnetic wave having a third phase that is substantially equal to the first phase plus 180 deg. 15. The method according to claim 10, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid comprises detecting a constructive interference of the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave when a third phase of the third electromagnetic wave at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid substantially matches a second phase of the second electromagnetic wave output at the third 90 deg. hybrid. 16. The method according to claim 10, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid comprises detecting a destructive interference of the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave when a third phase of the third electromagnetic wave at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid is substantially equal to a second phase of the second electromagnetic wave output at the third 90 deg. hybrid plus 180 deg. 17. The method according to claim 10, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid comprises detecting a power at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid when there is constructive interference between the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave and detecting substantially zero power when there is destructive interference between the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave. 18. The method according to claim 10, further comprising setting a fixed magnitude and an orientation of the first magnetic field applied by the first magnetic source to the first three-wave mixing device and varying an orientation and magnitude of the second magnetic field applied by the second magnetic source to maximize a power of the second electromagnetic wave output via the third 90 deg. hybrid and determine the orientation and magnitude of the second magnetic field when a maximum power of the second electromagnetic wave is achieved. 19. The method according to claim 10, further comprising setting a fixed magnitude and an orientation of the first magnetic field applied by the first magnetic source to the first three-wave mixing device, upconverting a low frequency varying magnetic noise applied to the second three-wave mixing device to microwave frequencies and determining properties of the low frequency varying magnetic noise over time. 20. A quantum mechanical computer comprising:
a plurality of superconducting qubits disposed within a cryogenic vessel, the plurality of qubits being capacitively shunted to form a plurality of capacitively shunted flux qubits (CSFQs) wherein in operation a current circulates through the plurality of capacitively shunted qubits such that each qubit state of each qubit in the plurality of capacitively shunted qubits is encoded in a direction of the current; a plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices being disposed in a vicinity of the plurality of capacitively shunted flux qubits, each of the plurality of capacitively shunted flux qubits is inductively coupled to a corresponding one of the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices, wherein in operation the circulating current generates a magnetic flux bias through the corresponding one of the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices to bias the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices, wherein a parity of the qubit states is determined based on the magnetic flux bias generated through the corresponding one of the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices and based on a measured transmitted electromagnetic wave through each of the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices. | A method of detecting parity of weak magnetic fields includes inputting a first electromagnetic pump drive to a first three-wave mixing Josephson device via a first 90 deg. hybrid; inputting a second electromagnetic pump drive to a second three-wave mixing Josephson device through the first 90 deg. hybrid; and inputting a first electromagnetic wave via a second 90 deg. hybrid connected to the first three-wave mixing Josephson device to output a second electromagnetic wave through the second three-wave mixing Josephson device. The method includes transmitting a third electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to a third 90 deg. hybrid; and detecting a parity of a first magnet field applied by a first magnetic source and a second magnetic field applied by a second magnetic source based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference of the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave.1. A method of detecting parity of weak magnetic fields comprising:
inputting a first electromagnetic pump drive having a first pump phase to a first three-wave mixing Josephson device; inputting a second electromagnetic pump drive having a second pump phase to a second three-wave mixing Josephson device, the first pump phase and the second pump phase being shifted relative to each other by approximately 90 deg. (pi/2), and an input of the second three-wave mixing Josephson device being coupled to an output of the first three-wave mixing Josephson device; inputting a first electromagnetic wave to the first three-wave mixing Josephson device to output a second electromagnetic wave after passing through the second three-wave mixing Josephson device, or inputting the first electromagnetic wave to the second three wave mixing Josephson device to output a third electromagnetic wave after passing through the first three-wave mixing Josephson device; and detecting a parity of an orientation of a first magnetic field applied by a first magnetic source to the first three-wave mixing device and a second magnetic field applied by a second magnetic source to the second three-wave mixing device based on a first phase of the first electromagnetic wave, a second phase of the second electromagnetic wave, a third phase of the third electromagnetic wave, a first pump phase of the first electromagnetic pump drive and a second pump phase of the second electromagnetic pump drive. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity comprises detecting an even parity when the second pump phase is substantially equal to the first pump phase plus 90 deg., the first phase of the first electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the second phase of the second electromagnetic wave modulo 360 deg., and the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase plus 180 deg. modulo 360 deg. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity comprises detecting an even parity when the first pump phase is substantially equal to the second pump phase plus 90 deg., the second phase of the second electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase of the first electromagnetic wave plus 180 deg. modulo 360 deg., and the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase modulo 360 deg. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity comprises detecting an odd parity when the second pump phase is substantially equal to the first pump phase plus 90 deg., the second phase of the second electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase of the first electromagnetic wave plus 180 deg. modulo 360 deg., and when the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase modulo 360 deg. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity comprises detecting an odd parity when the first pump phase is substantially equal to the second pump phase plus 90 deg., the second phase of the second electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase modulo 360 deg. of the first electromagnetic wave, and when the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase plus 180 deg. modulo 360 deg. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein inputting the first electromagnetic pump drive having the first pump phase to the first three-wave mixing Josephson device comprises inputting the first electromagnetic pump drive to a first three-wave mixing Josephson device via a first 90 deg. hybrid. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein inputting the second electromagnetic pump drive having the second pump phase to the second three-wave mixing Josephson device comprises inputting the second electromagnetic pump drive to the second three-wave mixing Josephson device through the first 90 deg. hybrid. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field comprises detecting an even parity when the first and the second magnetic fields are oriented substantially in a same direction. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field comprises detecting an odd parity when the first and the second magnetic fields are oriented substantially in opposite directions. 10. A method of detecting parity of weak magnetic fields comprising:
inputting a first electromagnetic pump drive to a first three-wave mixing Josephson device via a first 90 deg. hybrid; inputting a second electromagnetic pump drive to a second three-wave mixing Josephson device through the first 90 deg. hybrid, an input of the second three-wave mixing Josephson device being coupled to an output of the first three-wave mixing Josephson device; inputting a first electromagnetic wave via a second 90 deg. hybrid connected to the first three-wave mixing Josephson device to output a second electromagnetic wave through the second three-wave mixing Josephson device; transmitting a third electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to a third 90 deg. hybrid connected to the second three-wave mixing Josephson device; detecting a parity of a first magnet field applied by a first magnetic source to the first three-wave mixing device and a second magnetic field applied by a second magnetic source to the second three-wave mixing device based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference of the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave after passing through the third 90 deg. hybrid at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein inputting the first electromagnetic pump drive comprises inputting the first electromagnetic pump drive having a first pump phase and inputting a second electromagnetic pump drive having a second pump phase shifted relative to the first pump phase by 90 deg. (pi/2). 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein inputting the first electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to output the second electromagnetic wave comprises inputting the first electromagnetic wave having a first phase to output the second electromagnetic wave having a second phase that is substantially equal to the first phase or substantially equal to the first phase plus 180 deg. (pi). 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein transmitting the third electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to the third 90 deg. hybrid comprises transmitting the third electromagnetic wave having a third phase that is substantially equal to a first phase of the first electromagnetic wave plus 90 deg. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein transmitting the third electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to the third 90 deg. hybrid further comprises adding a 90 deg. phase shift to the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave to obtain a third electromagnetic wave having a third phase that is substantially equal to the first phase plus 180 deg. 15. The method according to claim 10, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid comprises detecting a constructive interference of the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave when a third phase of the third electromagnetic wave at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid substantially matches a second phase of the second electromagnetic wave output at the third 90 deg. hybrid. 16. The method according to claim 10, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid comprises detecting a destructive interference of the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave when a third phase of the third electromagnetic wave at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid is substantially equal to a second phase of the second electromagnetic wave output at the third 90 deg. hybrid plus 180 deg. 17. The method according to claim 10, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid comprises detecting a power at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid when there is constructive interference between the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave and detecting substantially zero power when there is destructive interference between the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave. 18. The method according to claim 10, further comprising setting a fixed magnitude and an orientation of the first magnetic field applied by the first magnetic source to the first three-wave mixing device and varying an orientation and magnitude of the second magnetic field applied by the second magnetic source to maximize a power of the second electromagnetic wave output via the third 90 deg. hybrid and determine the orientation and magnitude of the second magnetic field when a maximum power of the second electromagnetic wave is achieved. 19. The method according to claim 10, further comprising setting a fixed magnitude and an orientation of the first magnetic field applied by the first magnetic source to the first three-wave mixing device, upconverting a low frequency varying magnetic noise applied to the second three-wave mixing device to microwave frequencies and determining properties of the low frequency varying magnetic noise over time. 20. A quantum mechanical computer comprising:
a plurality of superconducting qubits disposed within a cryogenic vessel, the plurality of qubits being capacitively shunted to form a plurality of capacitively shunted flux qubits (CSFQs) wherein in operation a current circulates through the plurality of capacitively shunted qubits such that each qubit state of each qubit in the plurality of capacitively shunted qubits is encoded in a direction of the current; a plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices being disposed in a vicinity of the plurality of capacitively shunted flux qubits, each of the plurality of capacitively shunted flux qubits is inductively coupled to a corresponding one of the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices, wherein in operation the circulating current generates a magnetic flux bias through the corresponding one of the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices to bias the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices, wherein a parity of the qubit states is determined based on the magnetic flux bias generated through the corresponding one of the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices and based on a measured transmitted electromagnetic wave through each of the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices. | 1,700 |
346,745 | 16,805,227 | 1,798 | A method of detecting parity of weak magnetic fields includes inputting a first electromagnetic pump drive to a first three-wave mixing Josephson device via a first 90 deg. hybrid; inputting a second electromagnetic pump drive to a second three-wave mixing Josephson device through the first 90 deg. hybrid; and inputting a first electromagnetic wave via a second 90 deg. hybrid connected to the first three-wave mixing Josephson device to output a second electromagnetic wave through the second three-wave mixing Josephson device. The method includes transmitting a third electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to a third 90 deg. hybrid; and detecting a parity of a first magnet field applied by a first magnetic source and a second magnetic field applied by a second magnetic source based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference of the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave. | 1. A method of detecting parity of weak magnetic fields comprising:
inputting a first electromagnetic pump drive having a first pump phase to a first three-wave mixing Josephson device; inputting a second electromagnetic pump drive having a second pump phase to a second three-wave mixing Josephson device, the first pump phase and the second pump phase being shifted relative to each other by approximately 90 deg. (pi/2), and an input of the second three-wave mixing Josephson device being coupled to an output of the first three-wave mixing Josephson device; inputting a first electromagnetic wave to the first three-wave mixing Josephson device to output a second electromagnetic wave after passing through the second three-wave mixing Josephson device, or inputting the first electromagnetic wave to the second three wave mixing Josephson device to output a third electromagnetic wave after passing through the first three-wave mixing Josephson device; and detecting a parity of an orientation of a first magnetic field applied by a first magnetic source to the first three-wave mixing device and a second magnetic field applied by a second magnetic source to the second three-wave mixing device based on a first phase of the first electromagnetic wave, a second phase of the second electromagnetic wave, a third phase of the third electromagnetic wave, a first pump phase of the first electromagnetic pump drive and a second pump phase of the second electromagnetic pump drive. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity comprises detecting an even parity when the second pump phase is substantially equal to the first pump phase plus 90 deg., the first phase of the first electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the second phase of the second electromagnetic wave modulo 360 deg., and the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase plus 180 deg. modulo 360 deg. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity comprises detecting an even parity when the first pump phase is substantially equal to the second pump phase plus 90 deg., the second phase of the second electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase of the first electromagnetic wave plus 180 deg. modulo 360 deg., and the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase modulo 360 deg. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity comprises detecting an odd parity when the second pump phase is substantially equal to the first pump phase plus 90 deg., the second phase of the second electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase of the first electromagnetic wave plus 180 deg. modulo 360 deg., and when the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase modulo 360 deg. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity comprises detecting an odd parity when the first pump phase is substantially equal to the second pump phase plus 90 deg., the second phase of the second electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase modulo 360 deg. of the first electromagnetic wave, and when the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase plus 180 deg. modulo 360 deg. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein inputting the first electromagnetic pump drive having the first pump phase to the first three-wave mixing Josephson device comprises inputting the first electromagnetic pump drive to a first three-wave mixing Josephson device via a first 90 deg. hybrid. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein inputting the second electromagnetic pump drive having the second pump phase to the second three-wave mixing Josephson device comprises inputting the second electromagnetic pump drive to the second three-wave mixing Josephson device through the first 90 deg. hybrid. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field comprises detecting an even parity when the first and the second magnetic fields are oriented substantially in a same direction. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field comprises detecting an odd parity when the first and the second magnetic fields are oriented substantially in opposite directions. 10. A method of detecting parity of weak magnetic fields comprising:
inputting a first electromagnetic pump drive to a first three-wave mixing Josephson device via a first 90 deg. hybrid; inputting a second electromagnetic pump drive to a second three-wave mixing Josephson device through the first 90 deg. hybrid, an input of the second three-wave mixing Josephson device being coupled to an output of the first three-wave mixing Josephson device; inputting a first electromagnetic wave via a second 90 deg. hybrid connected to the first three-wave mixing Josephson device to output a second electromagnetic wave through the second three-wave mixing Josephson device; transmitting a third electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to a third 90 deg. hybrid connected to the second three-wave mixing Josephson device; detecting a parity of a first magnet field applied by a first magnetic source to the first three-wave mixing device and a second magnetic field applied by a second magnetic source to the second three-wave mixing device based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference of the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave after passing through the third 90 deg. hybrid at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein inputting the first electromagnetic pump drive comprises inputting the first electromagnetic pump drive having a first pump phase and inputting a second electromagnetic pump drive having a second pump phase shifted relative to the first pump phase by 90 deg. (pi/2). 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein inputting the first electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to output the second electromagnetic wave comprises inputting the first electromagnetic wave having a first phase to output the second electromagnetic wave having a second phase that is substantially equal to the first phase or substantially equal to the first phase plus 180 deg. (pi). 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein transmitting the third electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to the third 90 deg. hybrid comprises transmitting the third electromagnetic wave having a third phase that is substantially equal to a first phase of the first electromagnetic wave plus 90 deg. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein transmitting the third electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to the third 90 deg. hybrid further comprises adding a 90 deg. phase shift to the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave to obtain a third electromagnetic wave having a third phase that is substantially equal to the first phase plus 180 deg. 15. The method according to claim 10, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid comprises detecting a constructive interference of the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave when a third phase of the third electromagnetic wave at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid substantially matches a second phase of the second electromagnetic wave output at the third 90 deg. hybrid. 16. The method according to claim 10, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid comprises detecting a destructive interference of the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave when a third phase of the third electromagnetic wave at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid is substantially equal to a second phase of the second electromagnetic wave output at the third 90 deg. hybrid plus 180 deg. 17. The method according to claim 10, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid comprises detecting a power at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid when there is constructive interference between the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave and detecting substantially zero power when there is destructive interference between the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave. 18. The method according to claim 10, further comprising setting a fixed magnitude and an orientation of the first magnetic field applied by the first magnetic source to the first three-wave mixing device and varying an orientation and magnitude of the second magnetic field applied by the second magnetic source to maximize a power of the second electromagnetic wave output via the third 90 deg. hybrid and determine the orientation and magnitude of the second magnetic field when a maximum power of the second electromagnetic wave is achieved. 19. The method according to claim 10, further comprising setting a fixed magnitude and an orientation of the first magnetic field applied by the first magnetic source to the first three-wave mixing device, upconverting a low frequency varying magnetic noise applied to the second three-wave mixing device to microwave frequencies and determining properties of the low frequency varying magnetic noise over time. 20. A quantum mechanical computer comprising:
a plurality of superconducting qubits disposed within a cryogenic vessel, the plurality of qubits being capacitively shunted to form a plurality of capacitively shunted flux qubits (CSFQs) wherein in operation a current circulates through the plurality of capacitively shunted qubits such that each qubit state of each qubit in the plurality of capacitively shunted qubits is encoded in a direction of the current; a plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices being disposed in a vicinity of the plurality of capacitively shunted flux qubits, each of the plurality of capacitively shunted flux qubits is inductively coupled to a corresponding one of the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices, wherein in operation the circulating current generates a magnetic flux bias through the corresponding one of the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices to bias the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices, wherein a parity of the qubit states is determined based on the magnetic flux bias generated through the corresponding one of the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices and based on a measured transmitted electromagnetic wave through each of the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices. | A method of detecting parity of weak magnetic fields includes inputting a first electromagnetic pump drive to a first three-wave mixing Josephson device via a first 90 deg. hybrid; inputting a second electromagnetic pump drive to a second three-wave mixing Josephson device through the first 90 deg. hybrid; and inputting a first electromagnetic wave via a second 90 deg. hybrid connected to the first three-wave mixing Josephson device to output a second electromagnetic wave through the second three-wave mixing Josephson device. The method includes transmitting a third electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to a third 90 deg. hybrid; and detecting a parity of a first magnet field applied by a first magnetic source and a second magnetic field applied by a second magnetic source based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference of the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave.1. A method of detecting parity of weak magnetic fields comprising:
inputting a first electromagnetic pump drive having a first pump phase to a first three-wave mixing Josephson device; inputting a second electromagnetic pump drive having a second pump phase to a second three-wave mixing Josephson device, the first pump phase and the second pump phase being shifted relative to each other by approximately 90 deg. (pi/2), and an input of the second three-wave mixing Josephson device being coupled to an output of the first three-wave mixing Josephson device; inputting a first electromagnetic wave to the first three-wave mixing Josephson device to output a second electromagnetic wave after passing through the second three-wave mixing Josephson device, or inputting the first electromagnetic wave to the second three wave mixing Josephson device to output a third electromagnetic wave after passing through the first three-wave mixing Josephson device; and detecting a parity of an orientation of a first magnetic field applied by a first magnetic source to the first three-wave mixing device and a second magnetic field applied by a second magnetic source to the second three-wave mixing device based on a first phase of the first electromagnetic wave, a second phase of the second electromagnetic wave, a third phase of the third electromagnetic wave, a first pump phase of the first electromagnetic pump drive and a second pump phase of the second electromagnetic pump drive. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity comprises detecting an even parity when the second pump phase is substantially equal to the first pump phase plus 90 deg., the first phase of the first electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the second phase of the second electromagnetic wave modulo 360 deg., and the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase plus 180 deg. modulo 360 deg. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity comprises detecting an even parity when the first pump phase is substantially equal to the second pump phase plus 90 deg., the second phase of the second electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase of the first electromagnetic wave plus 180 deg. modulo 360 deg., and the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase modulo 360 deg. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity comprises detecting an odd parity when the second pump phase is substantially equal to the first pump phase plus 90 deg., the second phase of the second electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase of the first electromagnetic wave plus 180 deg. modulo 360 deg., and when the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase modulo 360 deg. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity comprises detecting an odd parity when the first pump phase is substantially equal to the second pump phase plus 90 deg., the second phase of the second electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase modulo 360 deg. of the first electromagnetic wave, and when the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase plus 180 deg. modulo 360 deg. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein inputting the first electromagnetic pump drive having the first pump phase to the first three-wave mixing Josephson device comprises inputting the first electromagnetic pump drive to a first three-wave mixing Josephson device via a first 90 deg. hybrid. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein inputting the second electromagnetic pump drive having the second pump phase to the second three-wave mixing Josephson device comprises inputting the second electromagnetic pump drive to the second three-wave mixing Josephson device through the first 90 deg. hybrid. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field comprises detecting an even parity when the first and the second magnetic fields are oriented substantially in a same direction. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field comprises detecting an odd parity when the first and the second magnetic fields are oriented substantially in opposite directions. 10. A method of detecting parity of weak magnetic fields comprising:
inputting a first electromagnetic pump drive to a first three-wave mixing Josephson device via a first 90 deg. hybrid; inputting a second electromagnetic pump drive to a second three-wave mixing Josephson device through the first 90 deg. hybrid, an input of the second three-wave mixing Josephson device being coupled to an output of the first three-wave mixing Josephson device; inputting a first electromagnetic wave via a second 90 deg. hybrid connected to the first three-wave mixing Josephson device to output a second electromagnetic wave through the second three-wave mixing Josephson device; transmitting a third electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to a third 90 deg. hybrid connected to the second three-wave mixing Josephson device; detecting a parity of a first magnet field applied by a first magnetic source to the first three-wave mixing device and a second magnetic field applied by a second magnetic source to the second three-wave mixing device based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference of the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave after passing through the third 90 deg. hybrid at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein inputting the first electromagnetic pump drive comprises inputting the first electromagnetic pump drive having a first pump phase and inputting a second electromagnetic pump drive having a second pump phase shifted relative to the first pump phase by 90 deg. (pi/2). 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein inputting the first electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to output the second electromagnetic wave comprises inputting the first electromagnetic wave having a first phase to output the second electromagnetic wave having a second phase that is substantially equal to the first phase or substantially equal to the first phase plus 180 deg. (pi). 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein transmitting the third electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to the third 90 deg. hybrid comprises transmitting the third electromagnetic wave having a third phase that is substantially equal to a first phase of the first electromagnetic wave plus 90 deg. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein transmitting the third electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to the third 90 deg. hybrid further comprises adding a 90 deg. phase shift to the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave to obtain a third electromagnetic wave having a third phase that is substantially equal to the first phase plus 180 deg. 15. The method according to claim 10, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid comprises detecting a constructive interference of the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave when a third phase of the third electromagnetic wave at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid substantially matches a second phase of the second electromagnetic wave output at the third 90 deg. hybrid. 16. The method according to claim 10, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid comprises detecting a destructive interference of the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave when a third phase of the third electromagnetic wave at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid is substantially equal to a second phase of the second electromagnetic wave output at the third 90 deg. hybrid plus 180 deg. 17. The method according to claim 10, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid comprises detecting a power at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid when there is constructive interference between the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave and detecting substantially zero power when there is destructive interference between the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave. 18. The method according to claim 10, further comprising setting a fixed magnitude and an orientation of the first magnetic field applied by the first magnetic source to the first three-wave mixing device and varying an orientation and magnitude of the second magnetic field applied by the second magnetic source to maximize a power of the second electromagnetic wave output via the third 90 deg. hybrid and determine the orientation and magnitude of the second magnetic field when a maximum power of the second electromagnetic wave is achieved. 19. The method according to claim 10, further comprising setting a fixed magnitude and an orientation of the first magnetic field applied by the first magnetic source to the first three-wave mixing device, upconverting a low frequency varying magnetic noise applied to the second three-wave mixing device to microwave frequencies and determining properties of the low frequency varying magnetic noise over time. 20. A quantum mechanical computer comprising:
a plurality of superconducting qubits disposed within a cryogenic vessel, the plurality of qubits being capacitively shunted to form a plurality of capacitively shunted flux qubits (CSFQs) wherein in operation a current circulates through the plurality of capacitively shunted qubits such that each qubit state of each qubit in the plurality of capacitively shunted qubits is encoded in a direction of the current; a plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices being disposed in a vicinity of the plurality of capacitively shunted flux qubits, each of the plurality of capacitively shunted flux qubits is inductively coupled to a corresponding one of the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices, wherein in operation the circulating current generates a magnetic flux bias through the corresponding one of the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices to bias the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices, wherein a parity of the qubit states is determined based on the magnetic flux bias generated through the corresponding one of the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices and based on a measured transmitted electromagnetic wave through each of the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices. | 1,700 |
346,746 | 16,805,230 | 3,632 | A method of detecting parity of weak magnetic fields includes inputting a first electromagnetic pump drive to a first three-wave mixing Josephson device via a first 90 deg. hybrid; inputting a second electromagnetic pump drive to a second three-wave mixing Josephson device through the first 90 deg. hybrid; and inputting a first electromagnetic wave via a second 90 deg. hybrid connected to the first three-wave mixing Josephson device to output a second electromagnetic wave through the second three-wave mixing Josephson device. The method includes transmitting a third electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to a third 90 deg. hybrid; and detecting a parity of a first magnet field applied by a first magnetic source and a second magnetic field applied by a second magnetic source based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference of the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave. | 1. A method of detecting parity of weak magnetic fields comprising:
inputting a first electromagnetic pump drive having a first pump phase to a first three-wave mixing Josephson device; inputting a second electromagnetic pump drive having a second pump phase to a second three-wave mixing Josephson device, the first pump phase and the second pump phase being shifted relative to each other by approximately 90 deg. (pi/2), and an input of the second three-wave mixing Josephson device being coupled to an output of the first three-wave mixing Josephson device; inputting a first electromagnetic wave to the first three-wave mixing Josephson device to output a second electromagnetic wave after passing through the second three-wave mixing Josephson device, or inputting the first electromagnetic wave to the second three wave mixing Josephson device to output a third electromagnetic wave after passing through the first three-wave mixing Josephson device; and detecting a parity of an orientation of a first magnetic field applied by a first magnetic source to the first three-wave mixing device and a second magnetic field applied by a second magnetic source to the second three-wave mixing device based on a first phase of the first electromagnetic wave, a second phase of the second electromagnetic wave, a third phase of the third electromagnetic wave, a first pump phase of the first electromagnetic pump drive and a second pump phase of the second electromagnetic pump drive. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity comprises detecting an even parity when the second pump phase is substantially equal to the first pump phase plus 90 deg., the first phase of the first electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the second phase of the second electromagnetic wave modulo 360 deg., and the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase plus 180 deg. modulo 360 deg. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity comprises detecting an even parity when the first pump phase is substantially equal to the second pump phase plus 90 deg., the second phase of the second electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase of the first electromagnetic wave plus 180 deg. modulo 360 deg., and the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase modulo 360 deg. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity comprises detecting an odd parity when the second pump phase is substantially equal to the first pump phase plus 90 deg., the second phase of the second electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase of the first electromagnetic wave plus 180 deg. modulo 360 deg., and when the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase modulo 360 deg. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity comprises detecting an odd parity when the first pump phase is substantially equal to the second pump phase plus 90 deg., the second phase of the second electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase modulo 360 deg. of the first electromagnetic wave, and when the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase plus 180 deg. modulo 360 deg. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein inputting the first electromagnetic pump drive having the first pump phase to the first three-wave mixing Josephson device comprises inputting the first electromagnetic pump drive to a first three-wave mixing Josephson device via a first 90 deg. hybrid. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein inputting the second electromagnetic pump drive having the second pump phase to the second three-wave mixing Josephson device comprises inputting the second electromagnetic pump drive to the second three-wave mixing Josephson device through the first 90 deg. hybrid. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field comprises detecting an even parity when the first and the second magnetic fields are oriented substantially in a same direction. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field comprises detecting an odd parity when the first and the second magnetic fields are oriented substantially in opposite directions. 10. A method of detecting parity of weak magnetic fields comprising:
inputting a first electromagnetic pump drive to a first three-wave mixing Josephson device via a first 90 deg. hybrid; inputting a second electromagnetic pump drive to a second three-wave mixing Josephson device through the first 90 deg. hybrid, an input of the second three-wave mixing Josephson device being coupled to an output of the first three-wave mixing Josephson device; inputting a first electromagnetic wave via a second 90 deg. hybrid connected to the first three-wave mixing Josephson device to output a second electromagnetic wave through the second three-wave mixing Josephson device; transmitting a third electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to a third 90 deg. hybrid connected to the second three-wave mixing Josephson device; detecting a parity of a first magnet field applied by a first magnetic source to the first three-wave mixing device and a second magnetic field applied by a second magnetic source to the second three-wave mixing device based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference of the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave after passing through the third 90 deg. hybrid at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein inputting the first electromagnetic pump drive comprises inputting the first electromagnetic pump drive having a first pump phase and inputting a second electromagnetic pump drive having a second pump phase shifted relative to the first pump phase by 90 deg. (pi/2). 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein inputting the first electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to output the second electromagnetic wave comprises inputting the first electromagnetic wave having a first phase to output the second electromagnetic wave having a second phase that is substantially equal to the first phase or substantially equal to the first phase plus 180 deg. (pi). 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein transmitting the third electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to the third 90 deg. hybrid comprises transmitting the third electromagnetic wave having a third phase that is substantially equal to a first phase of the first electromagnetic wave plus 90 deg. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein transmitting the third electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to the third 90 deg. hybrid further comprises adding a 90 deg. phase shift to the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave to obtain a third electromagnetic wave having a third phase that is substantially equal to the first phase plus 180 deg. 15. The method according to claim 10, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid comprises detecting a constructive interference of the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave when a third phase of the third electromagnetic wave at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid substantially matches a second phase of the second electromagnetic wave output at the third 90 deg. hybrid. 16. The method according to claim 10, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid comprises detecting a destructive interference of the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave when a third phase of the third electromagnetic wave at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid is substantially equal to a second phase of the second electromagnetic wave output at the third 90 deg. hybrid plus 180 deg. 17. The method according to claim 10, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid comprises detecting a power at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid when there is constructive interference between the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave and detecting substantially zero power when there is destructive interference between the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave. 18. The method according to claim 10, further comprising setting a fixed magnitude and an orientation of the first magnetic field applied by the first magnetic source to the first three-wave mixing device and varying an orientation and magnitude of the second magnetic field applied by the second magnetic source to maximize a power of the second electromagnetic wave output via the third 90 deg. hybrid and determine the orientation and magnitude of the second magnetic field when a maximum power of the second electromagnetic wave is achieved. 19. The method according to claim 10, further comprising setting a fixed magnitude and an orientation of the first magnetic field applied by the first magnetic source to the first three-wave mixing device, upconverting a low frequency varying magnetic noise applied to the second three-wave mixing device to microwave frequencies and determining properties of the low frequency varying magnetic noise over time. 20. A quantum mechanical computer comprising:
a plurality of superconducting qubits disposed within a cryogenic vessel, the plurality of qubits being capacitively shunted to form a plurality of capacitively shunted flux qubits (CSFQs) wherein in operation a current circulates through the plurality of capacitively shunted qubits such that each qubit state of each qubit in the plurality of capacitively shunted qubits is encoded in a direction of the current; a plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices being disposed in a vicinity of the plurality of capacitively shunted flux qubits, each of the plurality of capacitively shunted flux qubits is inductively coupled to a corresponding one of the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices, wherein in operation the circulating current generates a magnetic flux bias through the corresponding one of the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices to bias the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices, wherein a parity of the qubit states is determined based on the magnetic flux bias generated through the corresponding one of the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices and based on a measured transmitted electromagnetic wave through each of the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices. | A method of detecting parity of weak magnetic fields includes inputting a first electromagnetic pump drive to a first three-wave mixing Josephson device via a first 90 deg. hybrid; inputting a second electromagnetic pump drive to a second three-wave mixing Josephson device through the first 90 deg. hybrid; and inputting a first electromagnetic wave via a second 90 deg. hybrid connected to the first three-wave mixing Josephson device to output a second electromagnetic wave through the second three-wave mixing Josephson device. The method includes transmitting a third electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to a third 90 deg. hybrid; and detecting a parity of a first magnet field applied by a first magnetic source and a second magnetic field applied by a second magnetic source based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference of the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave.1. A method of detecting parity of weak magnetic fields comprising:
inputting a first electromagnetic pump drive having a first pump phase to a first three-wave mixing Josephson device; inputting a second electromagnetic pump drive having a second pump phase to a second three-wave mixing Josephson device, the first pump phase and the second pump phase being shifted relative to each other by approximately 90 deg. (pi/2), and an input of the second three-wave mixing Josephson device being coupled to an output of the first three-wave mixing Josephson device; inputting a first electromagnetic wave to the first three-wave mixing Josephson device to output a second electromagnetic wave after passing through the second three-wave mixing Josephson device, or inputting the first electromagnetic wave to the second three wave mixing Josephson device to output a third electromagnetic wave after passing through the first three-wave mixing Josephson device; and detecting a parity of an orientation of a first magnetic field applied by a first magnetic source to the first three-wave mixing device and a second magnetic field applied by a second magnetic source to the second three-wave mixing device based on a first phase of the first electromagnetic wave, a second phase of the second electromagnetic wave, a third phase of the third electromagnetic wave, a first pump phase of the first electromagnetic pump drive and a second pump phase of the second electromagnetic pump drive. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity comprises detecting an even parity when the second pump phase is substantially equal to the first pump phase plus 90 deg., the first phase of the first electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the second phase of the second electromagnetic wave modulo 360 deg., and the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase plus 180 deg. modulo 360 deg. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity comprises detecting an even parity when the first pump phase is substantially equal to the second pump phase plus 90 deg., the second phase of the second electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase of the first electromagnetic wave plus 180 deg. modulo 360 deg., and the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase modulo 360 deg. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity comprises detecting an odd parity when the second pump phase is substantially equal to the first pump phase plus 90 deg., the second phase of the second electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase of the first electromagnetic wave plus 180 deg. modulo 360 deg., and when the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase modulo 360 deg. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity comprises detecting an odd parity when the first pump phase is substantially equal to the second pump phase plus 90 deg., the second phase of the second electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase modulo 360 deg. of the first electromagnetic wave, and when the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave is substantially equal to the first phase plus 180 deg. modulo 360 deg. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein inputting the first electromagnetic pump drive having the first pump phase to the first three-wave mixing Josephson device comprises inputting the first electromagnetic pump drive to a first three-wave mixing Josephson device via a first 90 deg. hybrid. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein inputting the second electromagnetic pump drive having the second pump phase to the second three-wave mixing Josephson device comprises inputting the second electromagnetic pump drive to the second three-wave mixing Josephson device through the first 90 deg. hybrid. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field comprises detecting an even parity when the first and the second magnetic fields are oriented substantially in a same direction. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field comprises detecting an odd parity when the first and the second magnetic fields are oriented substantially in opposite directions. 10. A method of detecting parity of weak magnetic fields comprising:
inputting a first electromagnetic pump drive to a first three-wave mixing Josephson device via a first 90 deg. hybrid; inputting a second electromagnetic pump drive to a second three-wave mixing Josephson device through the first 90 deg. hybrid, an input of the second three-wave mixing Josephson device being coupled to an output of the first three-wave mixing Josephson device; inputting a first electromagnetic wave via a second 90 deg. hybrid connected to the first three-wave mixing Josephson device to output a second electromagnetic wave through the second three-wave mixing Josephson device; transmitting a third electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to a third 90 deg. hybrid connected to the second three-wave mixing Josephson device; detecting a parity of a first magnet field applied by a first magnetic source to the first three-wave mixing device and a second magnetic field applied by a second magnetic source to the second three-wave mixing device based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference of the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave after passing through the third 90 deg. hybrid at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein inputting the first electromagnetic pump drive comprises inputting the first electromagnetic pump drive having a first pump phase and inputting a second electromagnetic pump drive having a second pump phase shifted relative to the first pump phase by 90 deg. (pi/2). 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein inputting the first electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to output the second electromagnetic wave comprises inputting the first electromagnetic wave having a first phase to output the second electromagnetic wave having a second phase that is substantially equal to the first phase or substantially equal to the first phase plus 180 deg. (pi). 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein transmitting the third electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to the third 90 deg. hybrid comprises transmitting the third electromagnetic wave having a third phase that is substantially equal to a first phase of the first electromagnetic wave plus 90 deg. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein transmitting the third electromagnetic wave via the second 90 deg. hybrid to the third 90 deg. hybrid further comprises adding a 90 deg. phase shift to the third phase of the third electromagnetic wave to obtain a third electromagnetic wave having a third phase that is substantially equal to the first phase plus 180 deg. 15. The method according to claim 10, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid comprises detecting a constructive interference of the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave when a third phase of the third electromagnetic wave at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid substantially matches a second phase of the second electromagnetic wave output at the third 90 deg. hybrid. 16. The method according to claim 10, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid comprises detecting a destructive interference of the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave when a third phase of the third electromagnetic wave at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid is substantially equal to a second phase of the second electromagnetic wave output at the third 90 deg. hybrid plus 180 deg. 17. The method according to claim 10, wherein detecting the parity of the first magnet field and the second magnetic field based on constructive wave interference or destructive wave interference at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid comprises detecting a power at the output of the third 90 deg. hybrid when there is constructive interference between the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave and detecting substantially zero power when there is destructive interference between the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave. 18. The method according to claim 10, further comprising setting a fixed magnitude and an orientation of the first magnetic field applied by the first magnetic source to the first three-wave mixing device and varying an orientation and magnitude of the second magnetic field applied by the second magnetic source to maximize a power of the second electromagnetic wave output via the third 90 deg. hybrid and determine the orientation and magnitude of the second magnetic field when a maximum power of the second electromagnetic wave is achieved. 19. The method according to claim 10, further comprising setting a fixed magnitude and an orientation of the first magnetic field applied by the first magnetic source to the first three-wave mixing device, upconverting a low frequency varying magnetic noise applied to the second three-wave mixing device to microwave frequencies and determining properties of the low frequency varying magnetic noise over time. 20. A quantum mechanical computer comprising:
a plurality of superconducting qubits disposed within a cryogenic vessel, the plurality of qubits being capacitively shunted to form a plurality of capacitively shunted flux qubits (CSFQs) wherein in operation a current circulates through the plurality of capacitively shunted qubits such that each qubit state of each qubit in the plurality of capacitively shunted qubits is encoded in a direction of the current; a plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices being disposed in a vicinity of the plurality of capacitively shunted flux qubits, each of the plurality of capacitively shunted flux qubits is inductively coupled to a corresponding one of the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices, wherein in operation the circulating current generates a magnetic flux bias through the corresponding one of the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices to bias the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices, wherein a parity of the qubit states is determined based on the magnetic flux bias generated through the corresponding one of the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices and based on a measured transmitted electromagnetic wave through each of the plurality of three-wave mixing Josephson devices. | 3,600 |
346,747 | 16,805,185 | 3,632 | A product-display system for displaying and securing a retail product. The system may include a retainer having a retainer bracket and a retainer body coupled to the retainer bracket. A retaining cable may be coupled to the retainer body at an opening in the retainer body. A fastener that may be unfastened to release the product from the retainer may only be accessed through the opening of the retainer body such that when the retaining cable is coupled to the opening, no fasteners of the retainer may be visible or accessible. The system may also include a display stem for holding the retainer and product. The display stem may include a recess for receiving at least a portion of the retainer body. The retaining cable may extend through the display stem and may simultaneously transmit power and data to a displayed product. The retainer may be returned to and held on top of the display stem using a retaining cable. The retainer may be oriented on top of the display stem in one or more predetermined positions through the use of magnetic forces. | 1-13. (canceled) 14. A product-display system, comprising:
a retainer for retaining a displayed product, the retainer comprising a retainer body, the retainer body comprising a magnet array, the magnet array comprising:
a first plurality of magnets disposed radially around a central axis and having alternating positive and negative polar orientations, wherein the magnetic axis of each of the magnets in the first plurality of magnets is disposed in a radial direction relative to the central axis; and
a second plurality of magnets disposed radially around the central axis and having alternating positive and negative polar orientations, wherein the magnetic axis of each of the magnets in the second plurality of magnets is disposed in a tangential direction relative to the central axis,
wherein magnets of the first plurality of magnets are disposed adjacent to magnets of the second plurality of magnets, and wherein at least one second magnet is disposed between two first magnets, and at least one first magnet is disposed between two second magnets; and
a display stem having a recess configured to receive the retainer and comprising a magnet array, wherein magnetic interaction between the magnet array of the retainer body and the magnet array of the display stem causes rotation of the retainer to at least one predefined orientation when at least a portion of the retainer is disposed within the recess of the display stem, if the retainer is not in the predefined orientation. 15. The product-display system of claim 14, wherein the retainer comprises four and no more than four predefined orientations relative to the display stem. 16. The product-display system of claim 15, wherein the four predefined orientations are separated by 90 degrees of rotation of the retainer body within the recess of the display stand. 17. The product-display system of claim 14, further comprising a retaining cable comprising a plug, wherein the plug is coupled to a port disposed at an opening of the retainer body, and wherein the plug is free to rotate axially in the port relative to the retainer body. 18. The product-display system of claim 14, wherein each of the magnets in the magnet array of the retainer body comprises a curved outer surface. 19. The product-display system of claim 18, wherein the retainer body further comprises a curved outer surface, wherein the curvature of the outer surface of each of the magnets in the magnet array of the retainer body is the same as the curvature of at least a portion of the curved outer surface of the retainer body. 20. The product-display system of claim 14, wherein each of the first magnets comprise two opposing flat sides and a curved side disposed between the two flat sides, wherein the two flat sides are disposed parallel to one another. 21. The product-display system of claim 14, wherein each of the second magnets comprise two opposing flat sides and a curved side disposed between the two flat sides, wherein the two flat sides are disposed at an oblique angle relative to one another. 22. The product-display system of claim 14, wherein the retainer body further comprises a second magnet array, wherein the first and second magnet arrays of the retainer body are each arranged in an circular arc centered on the central axis, wherein the first and second magnet arrays of the retainer body are spaced apart from one another, and wherein the first and second magnet arrays of the retainer body are disposed opposite each other across the central axis. 23. The product-display system of claim 14, wherein the magnet array of the display stem comprises:
a first plurality of magnets disposed radially around a central axis and having alternating positive and negative polar orientations, wherein the magnetic axis of each of the magnets in the first plurality of magnets is disposed in a radial direction relative to the central axis; and a second plurality of magnets disposed radially around the central axis and having alternating positive and negative polar orientations, wherein the magnetic axis of each of the magnets in the second plurality of magnets is disposed in a tangential direction relative to the central axis, wherein magnets of the first plurality of magnets are disposed adjacent to magnets of the second plurality of magnets, and wherein at least one second magnet is disposed between two first magnets, and at least one first magnet is disposed between two second magnets. 24. The product-display system of claim 23, wherein the magnet array of the display stem is arranged in a circle around the central axis. 25. The product-display system of claim 23, wherein each of the magnets in the magnet array of the display stem comprise a curved outer surface. 26. The product-display system of claim 25, wherein the recess of the display stem comprises a curved outer surface, and wherein the curvature of the outer surface of each of the magnets in the magnet array of the display stem is the same as the curvature of at least a portion of the curved outer surface of the recess. 27. The product-display system of claim 23, wherein each of the second magnets of the magnet array of the retainer body comprise two opposing flat sides and a curved side disposed between the two flat sides, wherein the two flat sides are disposed at a first oblique angle relative to one another,
wherein each of the second magnets of the magnet array of the display stem comprise two opposing flat sides and a curved side disposed between the two flat sides, wherein the two flat sides are disposed at a second oblique angle relative to one another, and wherein the first and second oblique angles are the same. 28-35. (canceled) 36. A display system, comprising:
a retainer, comprising:
a retainer bracket configured to secure a displayed product, and
a retainer body coupled to the retainer bracket and comprising an edge, an opening, and a smooth outer surface extending continuously from the edge to the opening;
a display stem comprising a recess configured to receive the retainer body, wherein magnetic interaction between a magnet array of the retainer body and a magnet array of the display stem causes rotation of the retainer to at least one predefined orientation when at least a portion of the retainer body is disposed within the recess of the display stem, if the retainer body is not in the predefined orientation; a retaining cable extending through the display stem and having a first end coupled to the retainer body at the opening; and a cable-retraction unit comprising a cable spool and a cable-biasing mechanism, wherein a second end of the retaining cable is coupled to the cable-retraction unit, wherein the retaining cable is spirally wound onto the cable spool in a single plane, and wherein the cable-biasing mechanism provides a biasing force to the cable. 37. The display system of claim 36, further comprising a retained product, wherein the retainer bracket comprises no more than two arms, wherein each arm comprises a hook disposed on an end of the arm, and wherein the product is retained between the hooks of the arms. 38. The display system of claim 37, wherein the arms of the retainer bracket are removably coupled together using a fastener, and wherein the fastener is not visible when the retaining cable is coupled to the retainer body. 39. The display system of claim 37, wherein the retained product is a consumer electronic device, and wherein the device is in electronic communication with the retaining cable through a connector of one of the bracket arms. 40. The display system of claim 39, wherein the connector is not visible when the product is retained by the retainer bracket. 41. The display system of claim 36, wherein when a user lifts the retainer off of the display stem, the cable-biasing mechanism provides a constant tension to the retaining cable as it is unwound from the cable spool, through the maximum extendable length of the retaining cable. 42. The display system of claim 36, wherein when a user lifts the retainer off of the display stem, the retaining cable smoothly unwinds from the cable spool, through the maximum extendable length of the retaining cable. 43. The display system of claim 36, wherein the first end of the retaining cable comprises a plug, wherein the retainer body further comprises a port at the opening for receiving the plug, and wherein the plug is free to rotate axially in the port relative to the retainer body when the retainer is disposed on the display stem and when a user lifts the retainer off of the display stem. 44. The display system of claim 36, further comprising a pulley assembly and a display mat, wherein the pulley assembly and the display stem are disposed on opposing sides of the display mat, and wherein fasteners extending between the pulley assembly and the display stem secure the display stem to the display mat. 45. The display system of claim 44, wherein the retaining cable extends over the pulley between the retainer and the cable-retraction unit. 46-51. (canceled) | A product-display system for displaying and securing a retail product. The system may include a retainer having a retainer bracket and a retainer body coupled to the retainer bracket. A retaining cable may be coupled to the retainer body at an opening in the retainer body. A fastener that may be unfastened to release the product from the retainer may only be accessed through the opening of the retainer body such that when the retaining cable is coupled to the opening, no fasteners of the retainer may be visible or accessible. The system may also include a display stem for holding the retainer and product. The display stem may include a recess for receiving at least a portion of the retainer body. The retaining cable may extend through the display stem and may simultaneously transmit power and data to a displayed product. The retainer may be returned to and held on top of the display stem using a retaining cable. The retainer may be oriented on top of the display stem in one or more predetermined positions through the use of magnetic forces.1-13. (canceled) 14. A product-display system, comprising:
a retainer for retaining a displayed product, the retainer comprising a retainer body, the retainer body comprising a magnet array, the magnet array comprising:
a first plurality of magnets disposed radially around a central axis and having alternating positive and negative polar orientations, wherein the magnetic axis of each of the magnets in the first plurality of magnets is disposed in a radial direction relative to the central axis; and
a second plurality of magnets disposed radially around the central axis and having alternating positive and negative polar orientations, wherein the magnetic axis of each of the magnets in the second plurality of magnets is disposed in a tangential direction relative to the central axis,
wherein magnets of the first plurality of magnets are disposed adjacent to magnets of the second plurality of magnets, and wherein at least one second magnet is disposed between two first magnets, and at least one first magnet is disposed between two second magnets; and
a display stem having a recess configured to receive the retainer and comprising a magnet array, wherein magnetic interaction between the magnet array of the retainer body and the magnet array of the display stem causes rotation of the retainer to at least one predefined orientation when at least a portion of the retainer is disposed within the recess of the display stem, if the retainer is not in the predefined orientation. 15. The product-display system of claim 14, wherein the retainer comprises four and no more than four predefined orientations relative to the display stem. 16. The product-display system of claim 15, wherein the four predefined orientations are separated by 90 degrees of rotation of the retainer body within the recess of the display stand. 17. The product-display system of claim 14, further comprising a retaining cable comprising a plug, wherein the plug is coupled to a port disposed at an opening of the retainer body, and wherein the plug is free to rotate axially in the port relative to the retainer body. 18. The product-display system of claim 14, wherein each of the magnets in the magnet array of the retainer body comprises a curved outer surface. 19. The product-display system of claim 18, wherein the retainer body further comprises a curved outer surface, wherein the curvature of the outer surface of each of the magnets in the magnet array of the retainer body is the same as the curvature of at least a portion of the curved outer surface of the retainer body. 20. The product-display system of claim 14, wherein each of the first magnets comprise two opposing flat sides and a curved side disposed between the two flat sides, wherein the two flat sides are disposed parallel to one another. 21. The product-display system of claim 14, wherein each of the second magnets comprise two opposing flat sides and a curved side disposed between the two flat sides, wherein the two flat sides are disposed at an oblique angle relative to one another. 22. The product-display system of claim 14, wherein the retainer body further comprises a second magnet array, wherein the first and second magnet arrays of the retainer body are each arranged in an circular arc centered on the central axis, wherein the first and second magnet arrays of the retainer body are spaced apart from one another, and wherein the first and second magnet arrays of the retainer body are disposed opposite each other across the central axis. 23. The product-display system of claim 14, wherein the magnet array of the display stem comprises:
a first plurality of magnets disposed radially around a central axis and having alternating positive and negative polar orientations, wherein the magnetic axis of each of the magnets in the first plurality of magnets is disposed in a radial direction relative to the central axis; and a second plurality of magnets disposed radially around the central axis and having alternating positive and negative polar orientations, wherein the magnetic axis of each of the magnets in the second plurality of magnets is disposed in a tangential direction relative to the central axis, wherein magnets of the first plurality of magnets are disposed adjacent to magnets of the second plurality of magnets, and wherein at least one second magnet is disposed between two first magnets, and at least one first magnet is disposed between two second magnets. 24. The product-display system of claim 23, wherein the magnet array of the display stem is arranged in a circle around the central axis. 25. The product-display system of claim 23, wherein each of the magnets in the magnet array of the display stem comprise a curved outer surface. 26. The product-display system of claim 25, wherein the recess of the display stem comprises a curved outer surface, and wherein the curvature of the outer surface of each of the magnets in the magnet array of the display stem is the same as the curvature of at least a portion of the curved outer surface of the recess. 27. The product-display system of claim 23, wherein each of the second magnets of the magnet array of the retainer body comprise two opposing flat sides and a curved side disposed between the two flat sides, wherein the two flat sides are disposed at a first oblique angle relative to one another,
wherein each of the second magnets of the magnet array of the display stem comprise two opposing flat sides and a curved side disposed between the two flat sides, wherein the two flat sides are disposed at a second oblique angle relative to one another, and wherein the first and second oblique angles are the same. 28-35. (canceled) 36. A display system, comprising:
a retainer, comprising:
a retainer bracket configured to secure a displayed product, and
a retainer body coupled to the retainer bracket and comprising an edge, an opening, and a smooth outer surface extending continuously from the edge to the opening;
a display stem comprising a recess configured to receive the retainer body, wherein magnetic interaction between a magnet array of the retainer body and a magnet array of the display stem causes rotation of the retainer to at least one predefined orientation when at least a portion of the retainer body is disposed within the recess of the display stem, if the retainer body is not in the predefined orientation; a retaining cable extending through the display stem and having a first end coupled to the retainer body at the opening; and a cable-retraction unit comprising a cable spool and a cable-biasing mechanism, wherein a second end of the retaining cable is coupled to the cable-retraction unit, wherein the retaining cable is spirally wound onto the cable spool in a single plane, and wherein the cable-biasing mechanism provides a biasing force to the cable. 37. The display system of claim 36, further comprising a retained product, wherein the retainer bracket comprises no more than two arms, wherein each arm comprises a hook disposed on an end of the arm, and wherein the product is retained between the hooks of the arms. 38. The display system of claim 37, wherein the arms of the retainer bracket are removably coupled together using a fastener, and wherein the fastener is not visible when the retaining cable is coupled to the retainer body. 39. The display system of claim 37, wherein the retained product is a consumer electronic device, and wherein the device is in electronic communication with the retaining cable through a connector of one of the bracket arms. 40. The display system of claim 39, wherein the connector is not visible when the product is retained by the retainer bracket. 41. The display system of claim 36, wherein when a user lifts the retainer off of the display stem, the cable-biasing mechanism provides a constant tension to the retaining cable as it is unwound from the cable spool, through the maximum extendable length of the retaining cable. 42. The display system of claim 36, wherein when a user lifts the retainer off of the display stem, the retaining cable smoothly unwinds from the cable spool, through the maximum extendable length of the retaining cable. 43. The display system of claim 36, wherein the first end of the retaining cable comprises a plug, wherein the retainer body further comprises a port at the opening for receiving the plug, and wherein the plug is free to rotate axially in the port relative to the retainer body when the retainer is disposed on the display stem and when a user lifts the retainer off of the display stem. 44. The display system of claim 36, further comprising a pulley assembly and a display mat, wherein the pulley assembly and the display stem are disposed on opposing sides of the display mat, and wherein fasteners extending between the pulley assembly and the display stem secure the display stem to the display mat. 45. The display system of claim 44, wherein the retaining cable extends over the pulley between the retainer and the cable-retraction unit. 46-51. (canceled) | 3,600 |
346,748 | 16,805,197 | 3,632 | An example apparatus according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes an address scrambler circuit including a sub-wordline scrambler circuit configured to receive a first subset of bits of a row hammer hit address. The sub-wordline scrambler circuit is configured to perform a first set of logical operations on the first subset of bits to provide a second subset of bits, and to perform a second set of logical operations on the first subset of bits and the second subset of bits to provide a third subset of bits of an row hammer refresh address. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a refresh address control circuit comprising:
a shift register configured to store a plurality of previously-sampled row addresses corresponding to respective rows of memory cells and to receive a new sample row address corresponding to a first row of memory cells, wherein, in response to a sampling signal, the shift register is configured to provide an indication of a row hammer attack in response to detection of a match between the new sample row address and one of the plurality of previously-sampled row addresses; and
an address scrambler circuit configured to receive the indication of the row hammer attack and the new sample row address, wherein the address scrambler circuit is further configured to perform first and second sets of logical operations on a first subset of bits of the new sample row address to provide a subset of bits of a victim row address corresponding to a second row of memory cells physically adjacent to the first row of memory cells. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the address scrambler circuit is further configured to perform the first and second sets of logical operations on the first subset of bits of the new sample row address to provide a second subset of bits of a second victim row address corresponding to a third row of memory cells physically adjacent to the first row of memory cells. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the address scrambler circuit is configured to perform bitwise exclusive OR operations as part of the first or second sets of logical operations. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the address scrambler circuit is configured to perform the first set of logical operations performed by performing bitwise comparisons between a set of three bits of the first subset of bits and bitwise comparisons between a set of two bits of the first subset of bits. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the set of three bits of the first subset of bits partially overlaps with the set of two bits of the first subset of bits. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the address scrambler circuit is further configured to determine a remaining subset of bits of the victim row address based on a remaining subset of bits of the new sample row address. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the address scrambler circuit is further configured to determine a carry bit based on the subset of bits of the new sample row address and is configured to determine the remaining subset of bits of the victim row address further based on the carry bit. 8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the address scrambler circuit is further configured to determine a polarity bit based on a first bit of the subset of bits of the new sample row address and is configured to determine the remaining subset of bits of the victim row address further based on the polarity bit. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the shift register comprises a plurality of sets of flip-flops each configured to store respective one of the plurality of previously-sampled row addresses. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein a first set of flip-flops of the plurality of sets of flip-flops is configured to store an output of a second set of flip-flops of the plurality of sets of flip-flops in response to the sampling signal. 11. A method comprising:
in response to a sampling signal, providing an indication of a row hammer attack in response to detection of a match between the new sample row address and one of a plurality of previously-sampled row addresses; and in response to the indication of the row hammer attack: performing first and second sets of logical operations on a first subset of bits of the new sample row address to provide a subset of bits of a victim row address corresponding to a second row of memory cells physically adjacent to the first row of memory cells 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising performing the first and second sets of logical operations on the first subset of bits of the new sample row address to provide a second subset of bits of a second victim row address corresponding to a third row of memory cells physically adjacent to the first row of memory cells. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising performing bitwise exclusive OR operations as part of the first or second sets of logical operations. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising performing the first set of logical operations performed by performing bitwise comparisons between a set of three bits of the first subset of bits and bitwise comparisons between a set of two bits of the first subset of bits. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the set of three bits of the first subset of bits partially overlaps with the set of two bits of the first subset of bits. 16. The method of claim 11, further comprising determining a remaining subset of bits of the victim row address based on a remaining subset of bits of the new sample row address. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
determining a carry bit based on the subset of bits of the new sample row address; and determining the remaining subset of bits of the victim row address further based on the carry bit. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
determining a polarity bit based on a first bit of the subset of bits of the new sample row address; and determining the remaining subset of bits of the victim row address further based on the polarity bit. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising storing each of the plurality of previously-sampled row addresses via respective set of a plurality of sets of flip-flops. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the first and second logical operations include common logical operations. | An example apparatus according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes an address scrambler circuit including a sub-wordline scrambler circuit configured to receive a first subset of bits of a row hammer hit address. The sub-wordline scrambler circuit is configured to perform a first set of logical operations on the first subset of bits to provide a second subset of bits, and to perform a second set of logical operations on the first subset of bits and the second subset of bits to provide a third subset of bits of an row hammer refresh address.1. An apparatus comprising:
a refresh address control circuit comprising:
a shift register configured to store a plurality of previously-sampled row addresses corresponding to respective rows of memory cells and to receive a new sample row address corresponding to a first row of memory cells, wherein, in response to a sampling signal, the shift register is configured to provide an indication of a row hammer attack in response to detection of a match between the new sample row address and one of the plurality of previously-sampled row addresses; and
an address scrambler circuit configured to receive the indication of the row hammer attack and the new sample row address, wherein the address scrambler circuit is further configured to perform first and second sets of logical operations on a first subset of bits of the new sample row address to provide a subset of bits of a victim row address corresponding to a second row of memory cells physically adjacent to the first row of memory cells. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the address scrambler circuit is further configured to perform the first and second sets of logical operations on the first subset of bits of the new sample row address to provide a second subset of bits of a second victim row address corresponding to a third row of memory cells physically adjacent to the first row of memory cells. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the address scrambler circuit is configured to perform bitwise exclusive OR operations as part of the first or second sets of logical operations. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the address scrambler circuit is configured to perform the first set of logical operations performed by performing bitwise comparisons between a set of three bits of the first subset of bits and bitwise comparisons between a set of two bits of the first subset of bits. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the set of three bits of the first subset of bits partially overlaps with the set of two bits of the first subset of bits. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the address scrambler circuit is further configured to determine a remaining subset of bits of the victim row address based on a remaining subset of bits of the new sample row address. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the address scrambler circuit is further configured to determine a carry bit based on the subset of bits of the new sample row address and is configured to determine the remaining subset of bits of the victim row address further based on the carry bit. 8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the address scrambler circuit is further configured to determine a polarity bit based on a first bit of the subset of bits of the new sample row address and is configured to determine the remaining subset of bits of the victim row address further based on the polarity bit. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the shift register comprises a plurality of sets of flip-flops each configured to store respective one of the plurality of previously-sampled row addresses. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein a first set of flip-flops of the plurality of sets of flip-flops is configured to store an output of a second set of flip-flops of the plurality of sets of flip-flops in response to the sampling signal. 11. A method comprising:
in response to a sampling signal, providing an indication of a row hammer attack in response to detection of a match between the new sample row address and one of a plurality of previously-sampled row addresses; and in response to the indication of the row hammer attack: performing first and second sets of logical operations on a first subset of bits of the new sample row address to provide a subset of bits of a victim row address corresponding to a second row of memory cells physically adjacent to the first row of memory cells 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising performing the first and second sets of logical operations on the first subset of bits of the new sample row address to provide a second subset of bits of a second victim row address corresponding to a third row of memory cells physically adjacent to the first row of memory cells. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising performing bitwise exclusive OR operations as part of the first or second sets of logical operations. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising performing the first set of logical operations performed by performing bitwise comparisons between a set of three bits of the first subset of bits and bitwise comparisons between a set of two bits of the first subset of bits. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the set of three bits of the first subset of bits partially overlaps with the set of two bits of the first subset of bits. 16. The method of claim 11, further comprising determining a remaining subset of bits of the victim row address based on a remaining subset of bits of the new sample row address. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
determining a carry bit based on the subset of bits of the new sample row address; and determining the remaining subset of bits of the victim row address further based on the carry bit. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
determining a polarity bit based on a first bit of the subset of bits of the new sample row address; and determining the remaining subset of bits of the victim row address further based on the polarity bit. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising storing each of the plurality of previously-sampled row addresses via respective set of a plurality of sets of flip-flops. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the first and second logical operations include common logical operations. | 3,600 |
346,749 | 16,805,224 | 3,632 | An electromagnetic component assembly disposed in a power source of a welding or cutting system. The electromagnetic component assembly includes a core and a tubular winding. The tubular winding is placed near or around the core and conducts a current for an electromagnetic operation. The tubular winding includes a passageway for a process fluid, an inlet, at one end of the passageway, that receives the process fluid, and an outlet, at another end of the passageway, that directs the process fluid downstream toward a torch assembly. The passageway enhances cooling of the electromagnetic component assembly as the process fluid travels through the passageway from the inlet to the outlet. | 1. An electromagnetic component assembly disposed in a power source of a welding or cutting system, the electromagnetic component assembly comprising:
a core; and a tubular winding being placed near or around the core and conducting a current for an electromagnetic operation, the tubular winding comprising:
a passageway for a process fluid,
an inlet, at one end of the passageway, receiving the process fluid, and
an outlet, at another end of the passageway, directing the process fluid downstream toward a torch assembly, wherein the passageway enhances cooling of the electromagnetic component assembly as the process fluid travels through the passageway from the inlet to the outlet. 2. The electromagnetic component assembly of claim 1, wherein the process fluid is plasma gas and the torch assembly is a plasma arc torch assembly, and wherein, when the plasma gas reaches the plasma arc torch assembly, the plasma gas is ionized to create a plasma stream. 3. The electromagnetic component assembly of claim 1, wherein the process fluid is a processing gas or a processing water mist and is the only media flowing through the passageway and wherein the process fluid is provided from a heat sink of the power source to the inlet. 4. The electromagnetic component assembly of claim 1, wherein the tubular winding is a copper tubular winding. 5. The electromagnetic component assembly of claim 1, wherein the core and the tubular winding form an inductor. 6. The electromagnetic component assembly of claim 5, wherein the core comprises an E-shaped core and an I-shaped core that faces a plurality of legs of the E-shaped core and wherein the tubular winding is wound in spaces formed between the plurality of legs of the E-shaped core. 7. The electromagnetic component assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a coil winding being placed near the core and conducting the current for the electromagnetic operation, wherein the coil winding is a primary winding of a transformer. 8. The electromagnetic component assembly of claim 7, wherein the passageway comprises:
a first conduit having the inlet and forming a secondary winding for the transformer; a second conduit having the outlet and forming another winding for an inductor; and a common conduit connecting the first conduit and the second conduit. 9. The electromagnetic component assembly of claim 7, wherein the tubular winding forms a secondary winding of the transformer and the electromagnetic component assembly further comprises:
another core downstream of the outlet; another tubular winding being placed near the another core and forming an inductor; and a shared conduit connecting the tubular winding to the another tubular winding, wherein the another tubular winding comprises:
another passageway for the process fluid,
another inlet, at a first end of the another passageway, that receives the process fluid from the shared conduit, and
another outlet, at a second end of the another passageway, that directs the process fluid further downstream toward the torch assembly, wherein the another passageway enhances cooling of the inductor as the process fluid travels through the another passageway from the another inlet to the another outlet. 10. The electromagnetic component assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a conduit running through the core; a conduit inlet, at a first end of the conduit, that receives a cooling fluid; and a conduit outlet, at a second end of the conduit, that directs the cooling fluid out of the conduit, wherein the conduit enhances cooling of the electromagnetic component assembly as the cooling fluid travels through the conduit from the conduit inlet to the conduit outlet. 11. The power source for the welding or cutting system, comprising:
an external housing; and the electromagnetic component assembly of claim 1, which disposed in an internal cavity formed by the external housing. 12. The power source of claim 11, further comprising:
an inlet port being placed on a wall of the external housing and receiving the process fluid from a fluid supply; and at least one heat sink being placed in the internal cavity near the electromagnetic component assembly, receiving the process fluid from the inlet port, and providing the process fluid to the inlet. 13. The power source of claim 11, further comprising:
an outlet port being placed on a wall of the external housing, receiving the process fluid from the outlet, and directing the process fluid toward the torch assembly. 14. An electromagnetic component assembly disposed in a power source of a welding or cutting system, the electromagnetic component assembly comprising:
a core; a coil winding being placed near or around the core and conducting a current for an electromagnetic operation; a tubular passageway running through the core; an inlet, at one end of the tubular passageway, receiving a process fluid; and an outlet, at another end of the tubular passageway, directing the process fluid downstream toward a torch assembly, wherein the tubular passageway enhances cooling of the electromagnetic component assembly as the process fluid travels through the tubular passageway from the inlet to the outlet. 15. The electromagnetic component assembly of claim 14, wherein the tubular passageway does not conduct the current and is U-shaped. 16. The electromagnetic component assembly of claim 15, wherein the inlet and the outlet are formed at a base of the core. 17. The electromagnetic component assembly of claim 14, wherein the process fluid is a processing gas or a processing water mist and is the only media flowing through the tubular passageway and wherein the process fluid is provided from a heat sink of the power source to the inlet. 18. A method of cooling an electromagnetic component assembly disposed in a power source for a welding or cutting system, the method comprising:
placing a tubular winding near or around a core; conducting a current for an electromagnetic operation through the tubular winding; forming a flow passage inside the tubular winding; and directing process fluid through the flow passage as the process fluid flows towards a torch assembly. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the process fluid is plasma gas and the torch assembly is a plasma arc torch assembly and wherein, when the plasma gas reaches the plasma arc torch assembly, the plasma gas is ionized to create a plasma stream. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein directing the process fluid through the flow passage occurs during welding or cutting operations of the welding or cutting system. | An electromagnetic component assembly disposed in a power source of a welding or cutting system. The electromagnetic component assembly includes a core and a tubular winding. The tubular winding is placed near or around the core and conducts a current for an electromagnetic operation. The tubular winding includes a passageway for a process fluid, an inlet, at one end of the passageway, that receives the process fluid, and an outlet, at another end of the passageway, that directs the process fluid downstream toward a torch assembly. The passageway enhances cooling of the electromagnetic component assembly as the process fluid travels through the passageway from the inlet to the outlet.1. An electromagnetic component assembly disposed in a power source of a welding or cutting system, the electromagnetic component assembly comprising:
a core; and a tubular winding being placed near or around the core and conducting a current for an electromagnetic operation, the tubular winding comprising:
a passageway for a process fluid,
an inlet, at one end of the passageway, receiving the process fluid, and
an outlet, at another end of the passageway, directing the process fluid downstream toward a torch assembly, wherein the passageway enhances cooling of the electromagnetic component assembly as the process fluid travels through the passageway from the inlet to the outlet. 2. The electromagnetic component assembly of claim 1, wherein the process fluid is plasma gas and the torch assembly is a plasma arc torch assembly, and wherein, when the plasma gas reaches the plasma arc torch assembly, the plasma gas is ionized to create a plasma stream. 3. The electromagnetic component assembly of claim 1, wherein the process fluid is a processing gas or a processing water mist and is the only media flowing through the passageway and wherein the process fluid is provided from a heat sink of the power source to the inlet. 4. The electromagnetic component assembly of claim 1, wherein the tubular winding is a copper tubular winding. 5. The electromagnetic component assembly of claim 1, wherein the core and the tubular winding form an inductor. 6. The electromagnetic component assembly of claim 5, wherein the core comprises an E-shaped core and an I-shaped core that faces a plurality of legs of the E-shaped core and wherein the tubular winding is wound in spaces formed between the plurality of legs of the E-shaped core. 7. The electromagnetic component assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a coil winding being placed near the core and conducting the current for the electromagnetic operation, wherein the coil winding is a primary winding of a transformer. 8. The electromagnetic component assembly of claim 7, wherein the passageway comprises:
a first conduit having the inlet and forming a secondary winding for the transformer; a second conduit having the outlet and forming another winding for an inductor; and a common conduit connecting the first conduit and the second conduit. 9. The electromagnetic component assembly of claim 7, wherein the tubular winding forms a secondary winding of the transformer and the electromagnetic component assembly further comprises:
another core downstream of the outlet; another tubular winding being placed near the another core and forming an inductor; and a shared conduit connecting the tubular winding to the another tubular winding, wherein the another tubular winding comprises:
another passageway for the process fluid,
another inlet, at a first end of the another passageway, that receives the process fluid from the shared conduit, and
another outlet, at a second end of the another passageway, that directs the process fluid further downstream toward the torch assembly, wherein the another passageway enhances cooling of the inductor as the process fluid travels through the another passageway from the another inlet to the another outlet. 10. The electromagnetic component assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a conduit running through the core; a conduit inlet, at a first end of the conduit, that receives a cooling fluid; and a conduit outlet, at a second end of the conduit, that directs the cooling fluid out of the conduit, wherein the conduit enhances cooling of the electromagnetic component assembly as the cooling fluid travels through the conduit from the conduit inlet to the conduit outlet. 11. The power source for the welding or cutting system, comprising:
an external housing; and the electromagnetic component assembly of claim 1, which disposed in an internal cavity formed by the external housing. 12. The power source of claim 11, further comprising:
an inlet port being placed on a wall of the external housing and receiving the process fluid from a fluid supply; and at least one heat sink being placed in the internal cavity near the electromagnetic component assembly, receiving the process fluid from the inlet port, and providing the process fluid to the inlet. 13. The power source of claim 11, further comprising:
an outlet port being placed on a wall of the external housing, receiving the process fluid from the outlet, and directing the process fluid toward the torch assembly. 14. An electromagnetic component assembly disposed in a power source of a welding or cutting system, the electromagnetic component assembly comprising:
a core; a coil winding being placed near or around the core and conducting a current for an electromagnetic operation; a tubular passageway running through the core; an inlet, at one end of the tubular passageway, receiving a process fluid; and an outlet, at another end of the tubular passageway, directing the process fluid downstream toward a torch assembly, wherein the tubular passageway enhances cooling of the electromagnetic component assembly as the process fluid travels through the tubular passageway from the inlet to the outlet. 15. The electromagnetic component assembly of claim 14, wherein the tubular passageway does not conduct the current and is U-shaped. 16. The electromagnetic component assembly of claim 15, wherein the inlet and the outlet are formed at a base of the core. 17. The electromagnetic component assembly of claim 14, wherein the process fluid is a processing gas or a processing water mist and is the only media flowing through the tubular passageway and wherein the process fluid is provided from a heat sink of the power source to the inlet. 18. A method of cooling an electromagnetic component assembly disposed in a power source for a welding or cutting system, the method comprising:
placing a tubular winding near or around a core; conducting a current for an electromagnetic operation through the tubular winding; forming a flow passage inside the tubular winding; and directing process fluid through the flow passage as the process fluid flows towards a torch assembly. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the process fluid is plasma gas and the torch assembly is a plasma arc torch assembly and wherein, when the plasma gas reaches the plasma arc torch assembly, the plasma gas is ionized to create a plasma stream. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein directing the process fluid through the flow passage occurs during welding or cutting operations of the welding or cutting system. | 3,600 |
346,750 | 16,805,213 | 3,632 | Antenna test systems and methods are disclosed. An antenna test system as disclosed herein can include an X-Y isolation structure that defines a plurality of unit cells, a plurality of coupling elements, with at least one coupling element within each unit cell, and a Z isolation structure. The size and general configuration of the unit cells are selected to allow the individual antenna elements of an array antenna to be placed within a unit cell. Each unit cell thus isolates an antenna element. The disclosed methods include passing energy between antenna elements and corresponding unit cells to characterize the performance of the antenna. An antenna test system as disclosed herein enables the costs associated with testing phased array antenna systems, including but not limited to antennas used in 5G communication systems, to be reduced as compared to prior techniques. | 1. An antenna test fixture, comprising:
an X-Y isolation structure, wherein the X-Y isolation structure includes a plurality of unit cells; an array of coupling elements, wherein at least one coupling element is included in each of the unit cells of the X-Y isolation structure; and a Z isolation structure, wherein the Z isolation structure extends across the unit cells of the X-Y isolation structure. 2. The antenna test fixture of claim 1, wherein the X-Y isolation structure is formed as a conductive grid. 3. The antenna test fixture of claim 2, wherein the array of coupling elements is formed on a substrate that extends across the X-Y isolation structure. 4. The antenna test fixture of claim 3, wherein the substrate on which the coupling elements is formed is part of a printed circuit board. 5. The antenna test fixture of claim 4, wherein the Z isolation structure is part of the printed circuit board. 6. The antenna test fixture of claim 5, further comprising:
a feed network, wherein each of the coupling elements in the array of coupling elements is connected to the feed network. 7. The antenna test fixture of claim 6, wherein the feed network is formed by the printed circuit board. 8. The antenna test fixture of claim 7, further comprising:
an antenna having an array of antenna elements formed on an antenna substrate, wherein the a side of the X-Y isolation structure opposite a side in contact with the Z isolation structure is in contact with the antenna, and wherein each antenna element in the array of antenna elements is located within a unit cell included in the plurality of unit cells. 9. An antenna test method, comprising:
providing a plurality of unit cells, wherein the unit cell is formed by an X-Y isolation structure that defines limits of the unit cells in an X-Y direction and a Z isolation structure that defines limits of the unit cells in a Z-direction; isolating each antenna element of a plurality of antenna elements within a unit cell; positioning a coupling element within each unit cell, wherein each coupling element is associated with a corresponding antenna element; and transmitting energy between at least some of the antenna elements and the coupling elements associated with the respective antenna elements. 10. The antenna test method of claim 9, wherein energy is transmitted to each of at least some of the antenna elements from a corresponding coupling element. 11. The antenna test method of claim 9, wherein energy is received from each of at least some of the antenna elements from a corresponding coupling element. 12. The antenna test method of claim 9, wherein energy is transmitted to at least a first one of the antenna elements from a corresponding first one of the coupling elements, and wherein energy is received from at least a second one of the antenna elements at a corresponding second one of the coupling elements. 13. The antenna test method of claim 9, wherein energy is transmitted between at least a first one of the antenna elements and a first one of the coupling elements corresponding to the first one of the antenna elements and energy is transmitted between at least a second one of the antenna elements and a second one of the coupling elements corresponding the second one of the antenna elements simultaneously. 14. The antenna test method of claim 9, wherein the plurality of antenna elements are provided as part of a phased array antenna. 15. An antenna test system, comprising:
an antenna, including:
a substrate;
a plurality of antenna elements disposed on the substrate;
a test fixture, including:
a plurality of unit cells, wherein each antenna element in the plurality of antenna elements is received in a unit cell of the plurality of unit cells. 16. The antenna test system of claim 15, wherein the test fixture further includes:
an X-Y isolation structure having walls that define a plurality of apertures; and a Z-axis absorption structure; a plurality of coupling elements, wherein the unit cells are defined by the apertures and the Z-axis absorption structure, and wherein one coupling element is provided for each unit cell. 17. The antenna test system of claim 16, further comprising:
test electronics, wherein the test electronics are operative to send signals to or receive signals from the coupling elements of the test fixture. 18. The antenna system of claim 17, further comprising:
an input/output interface, wherein the test electronics are operatively connected to the antenna by the input/output interface. 19. The antenna system of claim 18, wherein the test electronics send signals to the elements of the antenna, and wherein the test electronics receive signals from the coupling elements. 20. The antenna system of claim 18, wherein the test electronics send signals to the coupling elements, and wherein the test electronics receive signals from the antenna elements. | Antenna test systems and methods are disclosed. An antenna test system as disclosed herein can include an X-Y isolation structure that defines a plurality of unit cells, a plurality of coupling elements, with at least one coupling element within each unit cell, and a Z isolation structure. The size and general configuration of the unit cells are selected to allow the individual antenna elements of an array antenna to be placed within a unit cell. Each unit cell thus isolates an antenna element. The disclosed methods include passing energy between antenna elements and corresponding unit cells to characterize the performance of the antenna. An antenna test system as disclosed herein enables the costs associated with testing phased array antenna systems, including but not limited to antennas used in 5G communication systems, to be reduced as compared to prior techniques.1. An antenna test fixture, comprising:
an X-Y isolation structure, wherein the X-Y isolation structure includes a plurality of unit cells; an array of coupling elements, wherein at least one coupling element is included in each of the unit cells of the X-Y isolation structure; and a Z isolation structure, wherein the Z isolation structure extends across the unit cells of the X-Y isolation structure. 2. The antenna test fixture of claim 1, wherein the X-Y isolation structure is formed as a conductive grid. 3. The antenna test fixture of claim 2, wherein the array of coupling elements is formed on a substrate that extends across the X-Y isolation structure. 4. The antenna test fixture of claim 3, wherein the substrate on which the coupling elements is formed is part of a printed circuit board. 5. The antenna test fixture of claim 4, wherein the Z isolation structure is part of the printed circuit board. 6. The antenna test fixture of claim 5, further comprising:
a feed network, wherein each of the coupling elements in the array of coupling elements is connected to the feed network. 7. The antenna test fixture of claim 6, wherein the feed network is formed by the printed circuit board. 8. The antenna test fixture of claim 7, further comprising:
an antenna having an array of antenna elements formed on an antenna substrate, wherein the a side of the X-Y isolation structure opposite a side in contact with the Z isolation structure is in contact with the antenna, and wherein each antenna element in the array of antenna elements is located within a unit cell included in the plurality of unit cells. 9. An antenna test method, comprising:
providing a plurality of unit cells, wherein the unit cell is formed by an X-Y isolation structure that defines limits of the unit cells in an X-Y direction and a Z isolation structure that defines limits of the unit cells in a Z-direction; isolating each antenna element of a plurality of antenna elements within a unit cell; positioning a coupling element within each unit cell, wherein each coupling element is associated with a corresponding antenna element; and transmitting energy between at least some of the antenna elements and the coupling elements associated with the respective antenna elements. 10. The antenna test method of claim 9, wherein energy is transmitted to each of at least some of the antenna elements from a corresponding coupling element. 11. The antenna test method of claim 9, wherein energy is received from each of at least some of the antenna elements from a corresponding coupling element. 12. The antenna test method of claim 9, wherein energy is transmitted to at least a first one of the antenna elements from a corresponding first one of the coupling elements, and wherein energy is received from at least a second one of the antenna elements at a corresponding second one of the coupling elements. 13. The antenna test method of claim 9, wherein energy is transmitted between at least a first one of the antenna elements and a first one of the coupling elements corresponding to the first one of the antenna elements and energy is transmitted between at least a second one of the antenna elements and a second one of the coupling elements corresponding the second one of the antenna elements simultaneously. 14. The antenna test method of claim 9, wherein the plurality of antenna elements are provided as part of a phased array antenna. 15. An antenna test system, comprising:
an antenna, including:
a substrate;
a plurality of antenna elements disposed on the substrate;
a test fixture, including:
a plurality of unit cells, wherein each antenna element in the plurality of antenna elements is received in a unit cell of the plurality of unit cells. 16. The antenna test system of claim 15, wherein the test fixture further includes:
an X-Y isolation structure having walls that define a plurality of apertures; and a Z-axis absorption structure; a plurality of coupling elements, wherein the unit cells are defined by the apertures and the Z-axis absorption structure, and wherein one coupling element is provided for each unit cell. 17. The antenna test system of claim 16, further comprising:
test electronics, wherein the test electronics are operative to send signals to or receive signals from the coupling elements of the test fixture. 18. The antenna system of claim 17, further comprising:
an input/output interface, wherein the test electronics are operatively connected to the antenna by the input/output interface. 19. The antenna system of claim 18, wherein the test electronics send signals to the elements of the antenna, and wherein the test electronics receive signals from the coupling elements. 20. The antenna system of claim 18, wherein the test electronics send signals to the coupling elements, and wherein the test electronics receive signals from the antenna elements. | 3,600 |
346,751 | 16,805,141 | 3,632 | One or more implementations of the present specification provide a risk identification model building method, and a risk identification method. From data of a target user, user state records of the target user within a predetermined duration of time are extracted, wherein the user state records include a plurality of user operations and/or a plurality of system events. The user state records are sorted based on corresponding occurrence times. A user state sequence is generated based on sorted user state records. The generated user state sequence is converted into a sequence feature. A risk identification result is generated based on a previously trained risk identification model that takes as input the sequence feature generated from the user state sequence. | 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
extracting, from data of a target user, user state records of the target user within a predetermined duration of time, wherein the user state records comprise a plurality of user operations and/or a plurality of system events; sorting the user state records based on corresponding occurrence times; generating a user state sequence based on sorted user state records; converting the generated user state sequence into a sequence feature; and generating a risk identification result based on a previously trained risk identification model that takes as input the sequence feature generated from the user state sequence. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the generating a user state sequence based on the sorted user state records comprises:
in the sorted user state records, adding, based on an interval between the ith user state record and the (i+1)th user state record, information about the interval to the ith user state record. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the generating a user state sequence based on the sorted user state records comprises:
in the sorted user state records, adding, based on a previously-obtained evaluation result of the ith user state record, information about the evaluation result to the ith user state record. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the generating a user state sequence based on the sorted user state records comprises:
removing one or more user states records from the sorted user state records based on predetermined filtering rules. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the previously trained risk identification model is trained using user state records from data of a given user within the predetermined duration before a specific event occurs, and the specific event is an event whose risk type is determined. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein converting the generated user state sequence into the sequence feature comprises:
encoding the generated user state sequence into a sequence vector. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein the encoding the generated user state sequence into the sequence vector comprises:
encoding each state in the user state sequence as a state vector based on a first encoding rule; and using a neural network, encoding a sequence that comprises the state vectors into the sequence vector. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein before the converting the generated user state sequence into the sequence feature, and the method further comprises:
mining a frequent sequence item set from multiple user state sequences; and for each frequent sequence item in the frequent sequence item set, determining a feature value corresponding to the frequent sequence item based on a black and white sample distribution status corresponding to the frequent sequence item; and the converting the generated user state sequence into a sequence feature comprises:
determining, based on the frequent sequence item set, one or more frequent sequence items comprised in the generated user state sequence; and
determining the sequence feature corresponding to the generated user state sequence based on the one or more frequent sequence items comprised in the generated user state sequence and the predetermined one or more feature values corresponding to the one or more frequent sequence item. 9. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
extracting, from data of a target user, user state records of the target user within a predetermined duration of time, wherein the user state records comprise a plurality of user operations and/or a plurality of system events; sorting the user state records based on corresponding occurrence times; generating a user state sequence based on sorted user state records; converting the generated user state sequence into a sequence feature; and generating a risk identification result based on a previously trained risk identification model that takes as input the sequence feature generated from the user state sequence. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the generating a user state sequence based on the sorted user state records comprises:
in the sorted user state records, adding, based on an interval between the ith user state record and the (i+1)th user state record, information about the interval to the ith user state record. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the generating a user state sequence based on the sorted user state records comprises:
in the sorted user state records, adding, based on a previously-obtained evaluation result of the ith user state record, information about the evaluation result to the ith user state record. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the generating a user state sequence based on the sorted user state records comprises:
removing one or more user states records from the sorted user state records based on predetermined filtering rules. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the previously trained risk identification model is trained using user state records from data of a given user within the predetermined duration before a specific event occurs, and the specific event is an event whose risk type is determined. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein converting the generated user state sequence into the sequence feature comprises:
encoding the generated user state sequence into a sequence vector. 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the encoding the generated user state sequence into the sequence vector comprises:
encoding each state in the user state sequence as a state vector based on a first encoding rule; and using a neural network, encoding a sequence that comprises the state vectors into the sequence vector. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein before the converting the generated user state sequence into the sequence feature, and the operations further comprise:
mining a frequent sequence item set from multiple user state sequences; and for each frequent sequence item in the frequent sequence item set, determining a feature value corresponding to the frequent sequence item based on a black and white sample distribution status corresponding to the frequent sequence item; and the converting the generated user state sequence into a sequence feature comprises:
determining, based on the frequent sequence item set, one or more frequent sequence items comprised in the generated user state sequence; and
determining the sequence feature corresponding to the generated user state sequence based on the one or more frequent sequence items comprised in the generated user state sequence and the predetermined one or more feature values corresponding to the one or more frequent sequence item. 17. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
extracting, from data of a target user, user state records of the target user within a predetermined duration of time, wherein the user state records comprise a plurality of user operations and/or a plurality of system events;
sorting the user state records based on corresponding occurrence times;
generating a user state sequence based on sorted user state records;
converting the generated user state sequence into a sequence feature; and
generating a risk identification result based on a previously trained risk identification model that takes as input the sequence feature generated from the user state sequence. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 17, wherein converting the generated user state sequence into the sequence feature comprises:
encoding the generated user state sequence into a sequence vector. 19. The computer-implemented system of claim 18, wherein the encoding the generated user state sequence into the sequence vector comprises:
encoding each state in the user state sequence as a state vector based on a first encoding rule; and using a neural network, encoding a sequence that comprises the state vectors into the sequence vector. 20. The computer-implemented system of claim 18, wherein before the converting the generated user state sequence into the sequence feature, and the operations further comprise:
mining a frequent sequence item set from multiple user state sequences; and for each frequent sequence item in the frequent sequence item set, determining a feature value corresponding to the frequent sequence item based on a black and white sample distribution status corresponding to the frequent sequence item; and the converting the generated user state sequence into a sequence feature comprises:
determining, based on the frequent sequence item set, one or more frequent sequence items comprised in the generated user state sequence; and
determining the sequence feature corresponding to the generated user state sequence based on the one or more frequent sequence items comprised in the generated user state sequence and the predetermined one or more feature values corresponding to the one or more frequent sequence item. | One or more implementations of the present specification provide a risk identification model building method, and a risk identification method. From data of a target user, user state records of the target user within a predetermined duration of time are extracted, wherein the user state records include a plurality of user operations and/or a plurality of system events. The user state records are sorted based on corresponding occurrence times. A user state sequence is generated based on sorted user state records. The generated user state sequence is converted into a sequence feature. A risk identification result is generated based on a previously trained risk identification model that takes as input the sequence feature generated from the user state sequence.1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
extracting, from data of a target user, user state records of the target user within a predetermined duration of time, wherein the user state records comprise a plurality of user operations and/or a plurality of system events; sorting the user state records based on corresponding occurrence times; generating a user state sequence based on sorted user state records; converting the generated user state sequence into a sequence feature; and generating a risk identification result based on a previously trained risk identification model that takes as input the sequence feature generated from the user state sequence. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the generating a user state sequence based on the sorted user state records comprises:
in the sorted user state records, adding, based on an interval between the ith user state record and the (i+1)th user state record, information about the interval to the ith user state record. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the generating a user state sequence based on the sorted user state records comprises:
in the sorted user state records, adding, based on a previously-obtained evaluation result of the ith user state record, information about the evaluation result to the ith user state record. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the generating a user state sequence based on the sorted user state records comprises:
removing one or more user states records from the sorted user state records based on predetermined filtering rules. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the previously trained risk identification model is trained using user state records from data of a given user within the predetermined duration before a specific event occurs, and the specific event is an event whose risk type is determined. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein converting the generated user state sequence into the sequence feature comprises:
encoding the generated user state sequence into a sequence vector. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein the encoding the generated user state sequence into the sequence vector comprises:
encoding each state in the user state sequence as a state vector based on a first encoding rule; and using a neural network, encoding a sequence that comprises the state vectors into the sequence vector. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein before the converting the generated user state sequence into the sequence feature, and the method further comprises:
mining a frequent sequence item set from multiple user state sequences; and for each frequent sequence item in the frequent sequence item set, determining a feature value corresponding to the frequent sequence item based on a black and white sample distribution status corresponding to the frequent sequence item; and the converting the generated user state sequence into a sequence feature comprises:
determining, based on the frequent sequence item set, one or more frequent sequence items comprised in the generated user state sequence; and
determining the sequence feature corresponding to the generated user state sequence based on the one or more frequent sequence items comprised in the generated user state sequence and the predetermined one or more feature values corresponding to the one or more frequent sequence item. 9. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
extracting, from data of a target user, user state records of the target user within a predetermined duration of time, wherein the user state records comprise a plurality of user operations and/or a plurality of system events; sorting the user state records based on corresponding occurrence times; generating a user state sequence based on sorted user state records; converting the generated user state sequence into a sequence feature; and generating a risk identification result based on a previously trained risk identification model that takes as input the sequence feature generated from the user state sequence. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the generating a user state sequence based on the sorted user state records comprises:
in the sorted user state records, adding, based on an interval between the ith user state record and the (i+1)th user state record, information about the interval to the ith user state record. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the generating a user state sequence based on the sorted user state records comprises:
in the sorted user state records, adding, based on a previously-obtained evaluation result of the ith user state record, information about the evaluation result to the ith user state record. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the generating a user state sequence based on the sorted user state records comprises:
removing one or more user states records from the sorted user state records based on predetermined filtering rules. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the previously trained risk identification model is trained using user state records from data of a given user within the predetermined duration before a specific event occurs, and the specific event is an event whose risk type is determined. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein converting the generated user state sequence into the sequence feature comprises:
encoding the generated user state sequence into a sequence vector. 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the encoding the generated user state sequence into the sequence vector comprises:
encoding each state in the user state sequence as a state vector based on a first encoding rule; and using a neural network, encoding a sequence that comprises the state vectors into the sequence vector. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein before the converting the generated user state sequence into the sequence feature, and the operations further comprise:
mining a frequent sequence item set from multiple user state sequences; and for each frequent sequence item in the frequent sequence item set, determining a feature value corresponding to the frequent sequence item based on a black and white sample distribution status corresponding to the frequent sequence item; and the converting the generated user state sequence into a sequence feature comprises:
determining, based on the frequent sequence item set, one or more frequent sequence items comprised in the generated user state sequence; and
determining the sequence feature corresponding to the generated user state sequence based on the one or more frequent sequence items comprised in the generated user state sequence and the predetermined one or more feature values corresponding to the one or more frequent sequence item. 17. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
extracting, from data of a target user, user state records of the target user within a predetermined duration of time, wherein the user state records comprise a plurality of user operations and/or a plurality of system events;
sorting the user state records based on corresponding occurrence times;
generating a user state sequence based on sorted user state records;
converting the generated user state sequence into a sequence feature; and
generating a risk identification result based on a previously trained risk identification model that takes as input the sequence feature generated from the user state sequence. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 17, wherein converting the generated user state sequence into the sequence feature comprises:
encoding the generated user state sequence into a sequence vector. 19. The computer-implemented system of claim 18, wherein the encoding the generated user state sequence into the sequence vector comprises:
encoding each state in the user state sequence as a state vector based on a first encoding rule; and using a neural network, encoding a sequence that comprises the state vectors into the sequence vector. 20. The computer-implemented system of claim 18, wherein before the converting the generated user state sequence into the sequence feature, and the operations further comprise:
mining a frequent sequence item set from multiple user state sequences; and for each frequent sequence item in the frequent sequence item set, determining a feature value corresponding to the frequent sequence item based on a black and white sample distribution status corresponding to the frequent sequence item; and the converting the generated user state sequence into a sequence feature comprises:
determining, based on the frequent sequence item set, one or more frequent sequence items comprised in the generated user state sequence; and
determining the sequence feature corresponding to the generated user state sequence based on the one or more frequent sequence items comprised in the generated user state sequence and the predetermined one or more feature values corresponding to the one or more frequent sequence item. | 3,600 |
346,752 | 16,805,209 | 3,632 | Methods and apparatuses for verifying HeNB. A method reduces and/or avoids affecting the operator's network due to the attack from HeNB, and ensures the safety of the users who have accessed the network. | 1. A method to perform a handover for a user equipment (UE) performed by a mobile management entity (MME) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
receiving, from a source evolved node b (eNB), a handover required message including a closed subscriber group (CSG) identity (ID) of a cell served by a target home eNB (HeNB) and an access mode of the target HeNB; transmitting, to the target HeNB, a handover request message including the CSG ID and a CSG membership status for indicating that the UE is a CSG member; receiving, from the target HeNB, a handover request acknowledgement message including the CSG ID and the access mode of the target HeNB; determining that the target HeNB is a hybrid cell based on the access mode of the target HeNB included in the handover request acknowledgement message; performing a membership verification for the UE based on the CSG ID included in the handover required message when the target HeNB is the hybrid cell; and transmitting, to the source eNB, a handover command message. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
performing access control of the UE based on the CSG ID and CSG subscription information of the UE included in the handover required message; and if the access control fails, transmitting a handover preparation failure message, wherein, if the access control succeeds, the handover request message is transmitted to the target HeNB. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the access mode of the target HeNB in the handover required message set to a hybrid access mode. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein, if the access mode of the target HeNB in the handover required message set to a hybrid access mode, the CSG membership status is included in the handover request message. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the hybrid cell allows to access both at least one UE subscribed to the CSG ID and a non-subscribed UE subscribed to the CSG ID. 6. A method to perform a handover for a user equipment (UE) by a home evolved node b (HeNB) gateway in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
receiving, from a mobile management entity (MME), a handover request message including a closed subscriber group (CSG) identity (ID) of a cell served by a target HeNB and a CSG membership status for indicating that the UE is a CSG member; transmitting, to the target HeNB, the handover request message; receiving, from the target HeNB, a handover request acknowledgement message including the CSG ID and an access mode of the target HeNB; determining that the target HeNB is a hybrid cell based on the access mode of the target HeNB included in the handover request acknowledgement message; performing a verification for the CSG ID included in the handover request message when the target HeNB is the hybrid cell; and transmitting the handover request acknowledgment message to the MME. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the access mode of the target HeNB included in the handover request acknowledgement message set to a hybrid access mode. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the hybrid cell allows to access both at least one UE subscribed to the CSG ID and a non-subscribed UE subscribed to the CSG ID. 9. A Mobile Management Entity (MME) to perform a handover for a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the MME comprising:
a transceiver; and at least one processor configured to: control the transceiver to receive, from a source evolved node b (eNB), a handover required message including a closed subscriber group (CSG) identity (ID) of a cell served by a target home eNB (HeNB) and an access mode of the target HeNB, control the transceiver to transmit, to the target HeNB, a handover request message including the CSG ID and a CSG membership status for indicating that the UE is a CSG member, control the transceiver to receive, from the target HeNB, a handover request acknowledgement message including the CSG ID and the access mode of the target HeNB, determine that the target HeNB is a hybrid cell based on the access mode of the target HeNB included in the handover request acknowledgement message, perform a verification for the CSG ID included in the handover required message when the target HeNB is the hybrid cell, and control the transceiver to transmit, to the source eNB, a handover command message. 10. The MME of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
perform access control of the UE based on the CSG ID and CSG subscription information of the UE included in the handover required message; and if the access control fails, control the transceiver to transmit a handover preparation failure message, wherein, if the access control succeeds, the handover request message is transmitted to the target HeNB. 11. The MME of claim 9, wherein the access mode of the target HeNB in the handover required message set to a hybrid access mode. 12. The MME of claim 9, wherein, if the access mode of the target HeNB in the handover required message set to a hybrid access mode, the CSG membership status is included in the handover request message. 13. The MME of claim 9, wherein the hybrid cell allows to access both at least one UE subscribed to the CSG ID and a non-subscribed UE subscribed to the CSG ID. 14. A home evolved Node B (HeNB) gateway to perform a handover for a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the HeNB gateway comprising:
a transceiver; and a controller configured to control the transceiver to: control to the transceiver to receive, from a mobile management entity (MME), a handover request message including a closed subscriber group (CSG) identity (ID) of a cell served by a target HeNB and a CSG membership status for indicating that the UE is a CSG member, control to the transceiver to transmit, to the target HeNB, the handover request message, control to the transceiver to receive, from the target HeNB, a handover request acknowledgement message including the CSG ID and an access mode of the target HeNB, determine that the target HeNB is a hybrid cell based on the access mode of the target HeNB included in the handover request acknowledgement message, perform a verification for the CSG ID included in the handover request message when the target HeNB is the hybrid cell, and control to the transceiver to transmit the handover request acknowledgment message to the MME. 15. The HeNB gateway of claim 14, wherein the access mode of the target HeNB included in the handover request acknowledgement message set to a hybrid access mode. 16. The HeNB gateway of claim 14, wherein the hybrid cell allows to access both at least one UE subscribed. | Methods and apparatuses for verifying HeNB. A method reduces and/or avoids affecting the operator's network due to the attack from HeNB, and ensures the safety of the users who have accessed the network.1. A method to perform a handover for a user equipment (UE) performed by a mobile management entity (MME) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
receiving, from a source evolved node b (eNB), a handover required message including a closed subscriber group (CSG) identity (ID) of a cell served by a target home eNB (HeNB) and an access mode of the target HeNB; transmitting, to the target HeNB, a handover request message including the CSG ID and a CSG membership status for indicating that the UE is a CSG member; receiving, from the target HeNB, a handover request acknowledgement message including the CSG ID and the access mode of the target HeNB; determining that the target HeNB is a hybrid cell based on the access mode of the target HeNB included in the handover request acknowledgement message; performing a membership verification for the UE based on the CSG ID included in the handover required message when the target HeNB is the hybrid cell; and transmitting, to the source eNB, a handover command message. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
performing access control of the UE based on the CSG ID and CSG subscription information of the UE included in the handover required message; and if the access control fails, transmitting a handover preparation failure message, wherein, if the access control succeeds, the handover request message is transmitted to the target HeNB. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the access mode of the target HeNB in the handover required message set to a hybrid access mode. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein, if the access mode of the target HeNB in the handover required message set to a hybrid access mode, the CSG membership status is included in the handover request message. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the hybrid cell allows to access both at least one UE subscribed to the CSG ID and a non-subscribed UE subscribed to the CSG ID. 6. A method to perform a handover for a user equipment (UE) by a home evolved node b (HeNB) gateway in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
receiving, from a mobile management entity (MME), a handover request message including a closed subscriber group (CSG) identity (ID) of a cell served by a target HeNB and a CSG membership status for indicating that the UE is a CSG member; transmitting, to the target HeNB, the handover request message; receiving, from the target HeNB, a handover request acknowledgement message including the CSG ID and an access mode of the target HeNB; determining that the target HeNB is a hybrid cell based on the access mode of the target HeNB included in the handover request acknowledgement message; performing a verification for the CSG ID included in the handover request message when the target HeNB is the hybrid cell; and transmitting the handover request acknowledgment message to the MME. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the access mode of the target HeNB included in the handover request acknowledgement message set to a hybrid access mode. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the hybrid cell allows to access both at least one UE subscribed to the CSG ID and a non-subscribed UE subscribed to the CSG ID. 9. A Mobile Management Entity (MME) to perform a handover for a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the MME comprising:
a transceiver; and at least one processor configured to: control the transceiver to receive, from a source evolved node b (eNB), a handover required message including a closed subscriber group (CSG) identity (ID) of a cell served by a target home eNB (HeNB) and an access mode of the target HeNB, control the transceiver to transmit, to the target HeNB, a handover request message including the CSG ID and a CSG membership status for indicating that the UE is a CSG member, control the transceiver to receive, from the target HeNB, a handover request acknowledgement message including the CSG ID and the access mode of the target HeNB, determine that the target HeNB is a hybrid cell based on the access mode of the target HeNB included in the handover request acknowledgement message, perform a verification for the CSG ID included in the handover required message when the target HeNB is the hybrid cell, and control the transceiver to transmit, to the source eNB, a handover command message. 10. The MME of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
perform access control of the UE based on the CSG ID and CSG subscription information of the UE included in the handover required message; and if the access control fails, control the transceiver to transmit a handover preparation failure message, wherein, if the access control succeeds, the handover request message is transmitted to the target HeNB. 11. The MME of claim 9, wherein the access mode of the target HeNB in the handover required message set to a hybrid access mode. 12. The MME of claim 9, wherein, if the access mode of the target HeNB in the handover required message set to a hybrid access mode, the CSG membership status is included in the handover request message. 13. The MME of claim 9, wherein the hybrid cell allows to access both at least one UE subscribed to the CSG ID and a non-subscribed UE subscribed to the CSG ID. 14. A home evolved Node B (HeNB) gateway to perform a handover for a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the HeNB gateway comprising:
a transceiver; and a controller configured to control the transceiver to: control to the transceiver to receive, from a mobile management entity (MME), a handover request message including a closed subscriber group (CSG) identity (ID) of a cell served by a target HeNB and a CSG membership status for indicating that the UE is a CSG member, control to the transceiver to transmit, to the target HeNB, the handover request message, control to the transceiver to receive, from the target HeNB, a handover request acknowledgement message including the CSG ID and an access mode of the target HeNB, determine that the target HeNB is a hybrid cell based on the access mode of the target HeNB included in the handover request acknowledgement message, perform a verification for the CSG ID included in the handover request message when the target HeNB is the hybrid cell, and control to the transceiver to transmit the handover request acknowledgment message to the MME. 15. The HeNB gateway of claim 14, wherein the access mode of the target HeNB included in the handover request acknowledgement message set to a hybrid access mode. 16. The HeNB gateway of claim 14, wherein the hybrid cell allows to access both at least one UE subscribed. | 3,600 |
346,753 | 16,805,242 | 3,632 | Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for optimizing results generated by functions executed using a rule-based knowledge graph. The method generally includes generating a neural network based on a knowledge graph and inputs for performing a function using the knowledge graph. Inputs for the function are received and used to generate a result of the function. A request to optimize the generated result of the function is received. A loss function is generated for the neural network. Generally, the loss function identifies a desired optimization for the function. Values of parameters in the neural network are adjusted to optimize the generated result based on the generated loss function, and the adjusted values of the parameters in the neural network are output in response to the request to optimize the generated result of the function. | 1. A method for optimizing results generated by functions executed using a rule-based knowledge graph, comprising:
generating a neural network based on a knowledge graph and inputs specified by nodes in the knowledge graph for performing a function using the knowledge graph; receiving inputs to perform the function using the knowledge graph; generating a result of the function based on the received inputs and the knowledge graph; receiving a request to optimize the generated result of the function; generating a loss function for the neural network; adjusting values of parameters in the neural network to optimize the generated result based on the generated loss function and a gradient determination for the parameters in the neural network; and outputting the adjusted values of the parameters in the neural network in response to the request to optimize the generated result of the function. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the received request to optimize the generated result of the function includes a natural language tag identifying an optimization to perform on the knowledge graph. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein:
each node in the knowledge graph is associated with a natural language tag; and generating the loss function comprises:
identifying a node in the knowledge graph based on a match between a natural language tag associated with the node and the natural language tag included in the received request,
identifying a target state associated with the identified node in the knowledge graph, and
generating the loss function based on gradient functions associated with nodes in the neural network and the identified target state. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting values of the parameters in the neural network comprises performing a stochastic gradient descent on the neural network for nodes associated with optimizable parameters in the neural network. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the received request to optimize the generated result of the function identifies a target result of the function and one or more constraints that limit adjustments to values of the parameters in the neural network. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the neural network based on the knowledge graph and inputs specified by nodes in the knowledge graph for performing a function using the knowledge graph comprises: replicating a structure of the knowledge graph and reversing a direction of operations in the knowledge graph such that a backward operation starting from a node representing a result of the function can be performed in the neural network to identify the adjusted values of the parameters in the neural network. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein generating the neural network further comprises:
setting a value of nodes in the neural network associated with a constraint value to the constraint value; and designating the set nodes in the neural network as nodes for which a value cannot be changed during parameter adjustment. 8. A system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by the processor, performs an operation for optimizing results generated by functions executed using a rule-based knowledge graph, the operation comprising:
generating a neural network based on a knowledge graph and inputs specified by nodes in the knowledge graph for performing a function using the knowledge graph;
receiving inputs to perform the function using the knowledge graph;
generating a result of the function based on the received inputs and the knowledge graph;
receiving a request to optimize the generated result of the function;
generating a loss function for the neural network;
adjusting values of parameters in the neural network to optimize the generated result based on the generated loss function and a gradient determination for the parameters in the neural network; and
outputting the adjusted values of the parameters in the neural network in response to the request to optimize the generated result of the function. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the received request to optimize the generated result of the function includes a natural language tag identifying an optimization to perform on the knowledge graph. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein:
each node in the knowledge graph is associated with a natural language tag; and generating the loss function comprises:
identifying a node in the knowledge graph based on a match between a natural language tag associated with the node and the natural language tag included in the received request,
identifying a target state associated with the identified node in the knowledge graph, and
generating the loss function based on gradient functions associated with nodes in the neural network and the identified target state. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein adjusting values of the parameters in the neural network comprises performing a stochastic gradient descent on the neural network for nodes associated with optimizable parameters in the neural network. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the received request to optimize the generated result of the function identifies a target result of the function and one or more constraints that limit adjustments to values of the parameters in the neural network. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein generating the neural network based on the knowledge graph and inputs specified by nodes in the knowledge graph for performing a function using the knowledge graph comprises: replicating a structure of the knowledge graph and reversing a direction of operations in the knowledge graph such that a backward operation starting from a node representing a result of the function can be performed in the neural network to identify the adjusted values of the parameters in the neural network. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein generating the neural network further comprises:
setting a value of nodes in the neural network associated with a constraint value to the constraint value; and designating the set nodes in the neural network as nodes for which a value cannot be changed during parameter adjustment. 15. A system for optimizing results generated by functions executed using a rule-based knowledge graph, comprising:
means for generating a neural network based on a knowledge graph and inputs specified by nodes in the knowledge graph for performing a function using the knowledge graph; means for receiving inputs to perform the function using the knowledge graph; means for generating a result of the function based on the received inputs and the knowledge graph; means for receiving a request to optimize the generated result of the function; means for generating a loss function for the neural network; means for adjusting values of parameters in the neural network to optimize the generated result based on the generated loss function and a gradient determination for the parameters in the neural network; and means for outputting the adjusted values of the parameters in the neural network in response to the request to optimize the generated result of the function. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein:
the received request to optimize the generated result of the function includes a natural language tag identifying an optimization to perform on the knowledge graph, each node in the knowledge graph is associated with a natural language tag; and the means for generating the loss function comprises:
means for identifying a node in the knowledge graph based on a match between a natural language tag associated with the node and the natural language tag included in the received request,
means for identifying a target state associated with the identified node in the knowledge graph, and
means for generating the loss function based on gradient functions associated with nodes in the neural network and the identified target state. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein adjusting values of the parameters in the neural network comprises performing a stochastic gradient descent on the neural network for nodes associated with optimizable parameters in the neural network. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the received request to optimize the generated result of the function identifies a target result of the function and one or more constraints that limit adjustments to values of the parameters in the neural network. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the means for generating the neural network based on the knowledge graph and inputs specified by nodes in the knowledge graph for performing a function using the knowledge graph comprises: means for replicating a structure of the knowledge graph and reversing a direction of operations in the knowledge graph such that a backward operation starting from a node representing a result of the function can be performed in the neural network to identify the adjusted values of the parameters in the neural network. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the means for generating the neural network further comprises:
means for setting a value of nodes in the neural network associated with a constraint value to the constraint value; and means for designating the set nodes in the neural network as nodes for which a value cannot be changed during parameter adjustment. | Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for optimizing results generated by functions executed using a rule-based knowledge graph. The method generally includes generating a neural network based on a knowledge graph and inputs for performing a function using the knowledge graph. Inputs for the function are received and used to generate a result of the function. A request to optimize the generated result of the function is received. A loss function is generated for the neural network. Generally, the loss function identifies a desired optimization for the function. Values of parameters in the neural network are adjusted to optimize the generated result based on the generated loss function, and the adjusted values of the parameters in the neural network are output in response to the request to optimize the generated result of the function.1. A method for optimizing results generated by functions executed using a rule-based knowledge graph, comprising:
generating a neural network based on a knowledge graph and inputs specified by nodes in the knowledge graph for performing a function using the knowledge graph; receiving inputs to perform the function using the knowledge graph; generating a result of the function based on the received inputs and the knowledge graph; receiving a request to optimize the generated result of the function; generating a loss function for the neural network; adjusting values of parameters in the neural network to optimize the generated result based on the generated loss function and a gradient determination for the parameters in the neural network; and outputting the adjusted values of the parameters in the neural network in response to the request to optimize the generated result of the function. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the received request to optimize the generated result of the function includes a natural language tag identifying an optimization to perform on the knowledge graph. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein:
each node in the knowledge graph is associated with a natural language tag; and generating the loss function comprises:
identifying a node in the knowledge graph based on a match between a natural language tag associated with the node and the natural language tag included in the received request,
identifying a target state associated with the identified node in the knowledge graph, and
generating the loss function based on gradient functions associated with nodes in the neural network and the identified target state. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting values of the parameters in the neural network comprises performing a stochastic gradient descent on the neural network for nodes associated with optimizable parameters in the neural network. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the received request to optimize the generated result of the function identifies a target result of the function and one or more constraints that limit adjustments to values of the parameters in the neural network. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the neural network based on the knowledge graph and inputs specified by nodes in the knowledge graph for performing a function using the knowledge graph comprises: replicating a structure of the knowledge graph and reversing a direction of operations in the knowledge graph such that a backward operation starting from a node representing a result of the function can be performed in the neural network to identify the adjusted values of the parameters in the neural network. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein generating the neural network further comprises:
setting a value of nodes in the neural network associated with a constraint value to the constraint value; and designating the set nodes in the neural network as nodes for which a value cannot be changed during parameter adjustment. 8. A system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by the processor, performs an operation for optimizing results generated by functions executed using a rule-based knowledge graph, the operation comprising:
generating a neural network based on a knowledge graph and inputs specified by nodes in the knowledge graph for performing a function using the knowledge graph;
receiving inputs to perform the function using the knowledge graph;
generating a result of the function based on the received inputs and the knowledge graph;
receiving a request to optimize the generated result of the function;
generating a loss function for the neural network;
adjusting values of parameters in the neural network to optimize the generated result based on the generated loss function and a gradient determination for the parameters in the neural network; and
outputting the adjusted values of the parameters in the neural network in response to the request to optimize the generated result of the function. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the received request to optimize the generated result of the function includes a natural language tag identifying an optimization to perform on the knowledge graph. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein:
each node in the knowledge graph is associated with a natural language tag; and generating the loss function comprises:
identifying a node in the knowledge graph based on a match between a natural language tag associated with the node and the natural language tag included in the received request,
identifying a target state associated with the identified node in the knowledge graph, and
generating the loss function based on gradient functions associated with nodes in the neural network and the identified target state. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein adjusting values of the parameters in the neural network comprises performing a stochastic gradient descent on the neural network for nodes associated with optimizable parameters in the neural network. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the received request to optimize the generated result of the function identifies a target result of the function and one or more constraints that limit adjustments to values of the parameters in the neural network. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein generating the neural network based on the knowledge graph and inputs specified by nodes in the knowledge graph for performing a function using the knowledge graph comprises: replicating a structure of the knowledge graph and reversing a direction of operations in the knowledge graph such that a backward operation starting from a node representing a result of the function can be performed in the neural network to identify the adjusted values of the parameters in the neural network. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein generating the neural network further comprises:
setting a value of nodes in the neural network associated with a constraint value to the constraint value; and designating the set nodes in the neural network as nodes for which a value cannot be changed during parameter adjustment. 15. A system for optimizing results generated by functions executed using a rule-based knowledge graph, comprising:
means for generating a neural network based on a knowledge graph and inputs specified by nodes in the knowledge graph for performing a function using the knowledge graph; means for receiving inputs to perform the function using the knowledge graph; means for generating a result of the function based on the received inputs and the knowledge graph; means for receiving a request to optimize the generated result of the function; means for generating a loss function for the neural network; means for adjusting values of parameters in the neural network to optimize the generated result based on the generated loss function and a gradient determination for the parameters in the neural network; and means for outputting the adjusted values of the parameters in the neural network in response to the request to optimize the generated result of the function. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein:
the received request to optimize the generated result of the function includes a natural language tag identifying an optimization to perform on the knowledge graph, each node in the knowledge graph is associated with a natural language tag; and the means for generating the loss function comprises:
means for identifying a node in the knowledge graph based on a match between a natural language tag associated with the node and the natural language tag included in the received request,
means for identifying a target state associated with the identified node in the knowledge graph, and
means for generating the loss function based on gradient functions associated with nodes in the neural network and the identified target state. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein adjusting values of the parameters in the neural network comprises performing a stochastic gradient descent on the neural network for nodes associated with optimizable parameters in the neural network. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the received request to optimize the generated result of the function identifies a target result of the function and one or more constraints that limit adjustments to values of the parameters in the neural network. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the means for generating the neural network based on the knowledge graph and inputs specified by nodes in the knowledge graph for performing a function using the knowledge graph comprises: means for replicating a structure of the knowledge graph and reversing a direction of operations in the knowledge graph such that a backward operation starting from a node representing a result of the function can be performed in the neural network to identify the adjusted values of the parameters in the neural network. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the means for generating the neural network further comprises:
means for setting a value of nodes in the neural network associated with a constraint value to the constraint value; and means for designating the set nodes in the neural network as nodes for which a value cannot be changed during parameter adjustment. | 3,600 |
346,754 | 16,805,193 | 3,632 | A navigation system and a method using a drone are provided. The navigation system includes a communicator configured to communicate with the drone and a vehicle, storage configured to store traffic information and map information, and a processor configured to detect a congested section using the traffic information and the map information, or image information of the drone and to guide a detour lane or a detour route to the vehicle based on road information of the congested section obtained by the drone. | 1. A navigation system comprising:
a communicator configured to communicate with a drone and a vehicle; storage configured to store traffic information and map information; and a processor configured to:
detect a congested section using the traffic information and the map information, or image information of the drone; and
guide a detour lane or a detour route to the vehicle based on road information of the congested section obtained by the drone. 2. The navigation system of claim 1, wherein the road information includes the image information captured through a camera mounted on the drone. 3. The navigation system of claim 2, wherein the processor is configured to:
analyze the image information; identify an accident occurrence in the congested section; and identify an accident lane. 4. The navigation system of claim 3, wherein the processor is configured to:
identify the detour lane for avoiding the accident lane; and transmit the detour lane to the vehicle. 5. The navigation system of claim 4, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine that one of a first lane or a second lane is the detour lane, wherein the first lane has a vehicle driving at a speed equal to or greater than a first reference speed and the second lane has a vehicle driving at a speed that differs from the vehicle driving in the accident lane by more than a second reference speed. 6. The navigation system of claim 2, wherein the processor is configured to:
identify a detour road by associating the image information with the map information. 7. The navigation system of claim 2, wherein the processor is configured to:
extract a road from the image information; map the extracted road to the map information; and determine that a road that does not exist in the map information is a new road. 8. The navigation system of claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine whether the new road is a road drivable by the vehicle; and determine whether the new road is able to be used as a detour road. 9. The navigation system of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine that the new road is able to be used as the detour road when an end-to-end of the new road is connected to a road to a destination of the vehicle. 10. The navigation system of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to:
generate the detour route using the new road as the detour road; generate a new driving route including the detour route to calculate a driving time; and provide the new driving route to the vehicle when the driving time of the new driving route is shorter than a driving time of an existing driving route of the vehicle. 11. A navigation method comprising:
detecting, by a processor, a congested section using traffic information and map information, or image information of a drone; obtaining, by the drone, road information of the congested section; and guiding, by the processor, a detour lane or a detour route to a vehicle based on the road information. 12. The navigation method of claim 11, wherein obtaining the road information of the congested section comprises:
obtaining, by a camera mounted on the drone, image information around the congested section as the road information. 13. The navigation method of claim 12, wherein guiding the detour lane or the detour route to the vehicle comprises:
analyzing, by the processor, the image information to identify an occurrence of an accident in the congested section; identifying, by the processor, an existence of the detour lane for avoiding an accident lane based on the image information when the occurrence of the accident is identified; and guiding, by the processor, the detour lane to the vehicle. 14. The navigation method of claim 13, wherein identifying the existence of the detour lane comprises:
distinguishing, by the processor, lanes in the congested section based on the image information to calculate a vehicle driving speed for each lane; and determining, by the processor, that one of a first lane or a second lane is the detour lane, wherein the first lane has the calculated vehicle driving at a speed equal to or greater than a first reference speed and the second lane has the calculated vehicle driving at a speed that differs from the calculated vehicle driving in the accident lane by more than a second reference speed. 15. The navigation method of claim 12, wherein guiding the detour lane or the detour route to the vehicle comprises:
identifying, by the processor, an existence of a new road in the image information by associating the image information with the map information; generating, by the processor, a new driving route to a destination of the vehicle using the new road; selecting, by the processor, one driving route by comparing an existing driving route of the vehicle with the new driving route based on a driving route selection criterion; and guiding, by the processor, the new driving route to the vehicle when the new driving route is selected. 16. The navigation method of claim 15, wherein identifying the existence of the new road comprises:
extracting, by the processor, a road from the image information; mapping, by the processor, the extracted road to the map information; and determining, by the processor, that a road that does not exist in the map information is the new road. 17. The navigation method of claim 15, wherein generating the new driving route comprises:
determining, by the processor, whether the new road is able to be used as a detour road; and when the new road is determined to be used as the detour road, generating, by the processor, the detour route using the new road as the detour road. 18. The navigation method of claim 17, wherein determining whether the new road is able to be used as the detour road comprises:
determining, by the processor, whether an end-to-end of the new road is connected to a road to the destination of the vehicle; determining, by the processor, whether the vehicle is able to travel based on a road width and a road condition of the new road; and when the vehicle is determined to travel, determining, by the processor, that the new road is able to be used as the detour road. 19. The navigation method of claim 15, wherein selecting the driving route comprises:
comparing, by the processor, a driving time of the new driving route with a driving time of the existing driving route to select a driving route with a shorter driving time. 20. A navigation system comprising:
a drone; a vehicle; and a navigation server configured to connect with the drone and the vehicle through a network, wherein the vehicle is configured to receive, from the navigation server, a second driving route including a detour lane or a detour route when a congested section occurs in front of the vehicle while traveling along a prestored first driving route, and wherein the navigation server is configured to collect road information of the congested section using the drone to generate the detour lane or the detour route. | A navigation system and a method using a drone are provided. The navigation system includes a communicator configured to communicate with the drone and a vehicle, storage configured to store traffic information and map information, and a processor configured to detect a congested section using the traffic information and the map information, or image information of the drone and to guide a detour lane or a detour route to the vehicle based on road information of the congested section obtained by the drone.1. A navigation system comprising:
a communicator configured to communicate with a drone and a vehicle; storage configured to store traffic information and map information; and a processor configured to:
detect a congested section using the traffic information and the map information, or image information of the drone; and
guide a detour lane or a detour route to the vehicle based on road information of the congested section obtained by the drone. 2. The navigation system of claim 1, wherein the road information includes the image information captured through a camera mounted on the drone. 3. The navigation system of claim 2, wherein the processor is configured to:
analyze the image information; identify an accident occurrence in the congested section; and identify an accident lane. 4. The navigation system of claim 3, wherein the processor is configured to:
identify the detour lane for avoiding the accident lane; and transmit the detour lane to the vehicle. 5. The navigation system of claim 4, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine that one of a first lane or a second lane is the detour lane, wherein the first lane has a vehicle driving at a speed equal to or greater than a first reference speed and the second lane has a vehicle driving at a speed that differs from the vehicle driving in the accident lane by more than a second reference speed. 6. The navigation system of claim 2, wherein the processor is configured to:
identify a detour road by associating the image information with the map information. 7. The navigation system of claim 2, wherein the processor is configured to:
extract a road from the image information; map the extracted road to the map information; and determine that a road that does not exist in the map information is a new road. 8. The navigation system of claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine whether the new road is a road drivable by the vehicle; and determine whether the new road is able to be used as a detour road. 9. The navigation system of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine that the new road is able to be used as the detour road when an end-to-end of the new road is connected to a road to a destination of the vehicle. 10. The navigation system of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to:
generate the detour route using the new road as the detour road; generate a new driving route including the detour route to calculate a driving time; and provide the new driving route to the vehicle when the driving time of the new driving route is shorter than a driving time of an existing driving route of the vehicle. 11. A navigation method comprising:
detecting, by a processor, a congested section using traffic information and map information, or image information of a drone; obtaining, by the drone, road information of the congested section; and guiding, by the processor, a detour lane or a detour route to a vehicle based on the road information. 12. The navigation method of claim 11, wherein obtaining the road information of the congested section comprises:
obtaining, by a camera mounted on the drone, image information around the congested section as the road information. 13. The navigation method of claim 12, wherein guiding the detour lane or the detour route to the vehicle comprises:
analyzing, by the processor, the image information to identify an occurrence of an accident in the congested section; identifying, by the processor, an existence of the detour lane for avoiding an accident lane based on the image information when the occurrence of the accident is identified; and guiding, by the processor, the detour lane to the vehicle. 14. The navigation method of claim 13, wherein identifying the existence of the detour lane comprises:
distinguishing, by the processor, lanes in the congested section based on the image information to calculate a vehicle driving speed for each lane; and determining, by the processor, that one of a first lane or a second lane is the detour lane, wherein the first lane has the calculated vehicle driving at a speed equal to or greater than a first reference speed and the second lane has the calculated vehicle driving at a speed that differs from the calculated vehicle driving in the accident lane by more than a second reference speed. 15. The navigation method of claim 12, wherein guiding the detour lane or the detour route to the vehicle comprises:
identifying, by the processor, an existence of a new road in the image information by associating the image information with the map information; generating, by the processor, a new driving route to a destination of the vehicle using the new road; selecting, by the processor, one driving route by comparing an existing driving route of the vehicle with the new driving route based on a driving route selection criterion; and guiding, by the processor, the new driving route to the vehicle when the new driving route is selected. 16. The navigation method of claim 15, wherein identifying the existence of the new road comprises:
extracting, by the processor, a road from the image information; mapping, by the processor, the extracted road to the map information; and determining, by the processor, that a road that does not exist in the map information is the new road. 17. The navigation method of claim 15, wherein generating the new driving route comprises:
determining, by the processor, whether the new road is able to be used as a detour road; and when the new road is determined to be used as the detour road, generating, by the processor, the detour route using the new road as the detour road. 18. The navigation method of claim 17, wherein determining whether the new road is able to be used as the detour road comprises:
determining, by the processor, whether an end-to-end of the new road is connected to a road to the destination of the vehicle; determining, by the processor, whether the vehicle is able to travel based on a road width and a road condition of the new road; and when the vehicle is determined to travel, determining, by the processor, that the new road is able to be used as the detour road. 19. The navigation method of claim 15, wherein selecting the driving route comprises:
comparing, by the processor, a driving time of the new driving route with a driving time of the existing driving route to select a driving route with a shorter driving time. 20. A navigation system comprising:
a drone; a vehicle; and a navigation server configured to connect with the drone and the vehicle through a network, wherein the vehicle is configured to receive, from the navigation server, a second driving route including a detour lane or a detour route when a congested section occurs in front of the vehicle while traveling along a prestored first driving route, and wherein the navigation server is configured to collect road information of the congested section using the drone to generate the detour lane or the detour route. | 3,600 |
346,755 | 16,805,229 | 3,632 | L1 represents a ratio of a lift coefficient relative to a drag coefficient, the lift coefficient and the drag coefficient being measured under conditions of a Reynolds number of 1.290×105 and a spin rate of 2820 rpm. L2 represents a ratio of a lift coefficient relative to a drag coefficient, the lift coefficient and the drag coefficient being measured under conditions of a Reynolds number of 1.771×105 and a spin rate of 2940 rpm. | 1. (canceled) 2. A golf ball comprising:
a core including a center and a mid layer positioned outside the center; and a cover positioned outside the core; and a plurality of dimples disposed on an outer surface of the cover, wherein the center has an amount of compressive deformation of equal to or greater than 3.5 mm but equal to or less than 6.0 mm, the center has a surface hardness of equal to or greater than 45 but equal to or less than 60 in Shore D hardness, the mid layer has a thickness of equal to or greater than 1.0 mm but equal to or less than 1.8 mm, the mid layer has a Shore D hardness of equal to or greater than 55 but equal to or less than 70, and the core has an amount of compressive deformation of equal to or greater than 3.0 mm but equal to or less than 5.0 mm. 3. The golf ball according to claim 1, wherein
the cover has a Shore D hardness of equal to or greater than 30 but equal to or less than 50, and the cover has a thickness of equal to or greater than 0.5 mm but equal to or less than 1.8 mm. 4. The golf ball according to claim 1, wherein
the golf ball has an amount of compressive deformation of equal to or greater than 3.0 mm but equal to or less than 5.0 mm, the amount of compressive deformation being measured under conditions of an initial load of 98 N and a final load of 1274 N, and the golf ball meets the following mathematical formula (I):
0.80≤((L1+L2)/2)≤0.95 (I), 5. The golf ball according to claim 1, wherein
the center is a rubber composition including a base rubber and a co-crosslinking agent, and the co-crosslinking agent is equal to or greater than 15 parts by weight of a base rubber of the rubber composition but equal to or less than 50 parts by weight of the base rubber. 6. The golf ball according to claim 5, wherein
the base rubber includes polybutadiene, and the polybutadiene is equal to or greater than 50 percent by weight of the base rubber. 7. The golf ball according to claim 5, wherein
the base rubber includes an organic sulfur compound, and the organic sulfur compound is equal to or greater than 0.1 parts by weight of the base rubber but less than or equal to 1.5 parts by weight of the base rubber. 8. The golf ball according to claim 5, wherein
the mid layer includes a thermoplastic resin composition, the thermoplastic resin composition includes an ionomer resin, and the ionomer resin is equal to or greater than 50 percent by weight of a base polymer of the thermoplastic resin composition. 9. The golf ball according to claim 1, wherein a total volume of the plurality of dimples is equal to or greater than 430 mm3 but equal to or less than 580 mm3. 10. The golf ball according to claim 4, wherein the ratio L1 is equal to or greater than 0.85 but equal to or less than 0.93. 11. The golf ball according to claim 4, wherein the ratio L2 is equal to or greater than 0.76 but equal to or less than 0.92. 12. The golf ball according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of a sum of spherical surface areas of the plurality of dimples relative to a surface area of a phantom sphere of the golf ball is equal to or greater than 0.780 but equal to or less than 0.950. 13. The golf ball according to claim 1, wherein a total number of the plurality of dimples is equal to or greater than 250 but equal to or less than 450. 14. The golf ball according to claim 1, wherein each dimple of the plurality of dimples has a diameter Dm of equal to or greater than 2.0 mm but equal to or less than 6.0 mm. 15. The golf ball according to claim 1, wherein each dimple of the plurality of dimples has a depth of equal to or greater than 0.10 mm but equal to or less than 0.60 mm. | L1 represents a ratio of a lift coefficient relative to a drag coefficient, the lift coefficient and the drag coefficient being measured under conditions of a Reynolds number of 1.290×105 and a spin rate of 2820 rpm. L2 represents a ratio of a lift coefficient relative to a drag coefficient, the lift coefficient and the drag coefficient being measured under conditions of a Reynolds number of 1.771×105 and a spin rate of 2940 rpm.1. (canceled) 2. A golf ball comprising:
a core including a center and a mid layer positioned outside the center; and a cover positioned outside the core; and a plurality of dimples disposed on an outer surface of the cover, wherein the center has an amount of compressive deformation of equal to or greater than 3.5 mm but equal to or less than 6.0 mm, the center has a surface hardness of equal to or greater than 45 but equal to or less than 60 in Shore D hardness, the mid layer has a thickness of equal to or greater than 1.0 mm but equal to or less than 1.8 mm, the mid layer has a Shore D hardness of equal to or greater than 55 but equal to or less than 70, and the core has an amount of compressive deformation of equal to or greater than 3.0 mm but equal to or less than 5.0 mm. 3. The golf ball according to claim 1, wherein
the cover has a Shore D hardness of equal to or greater than 30 but equal to or less than 50, and the cover has a thickness of equal to or greater than 0.5 mm but equal to or less than 1.8 mm. 4. The golf ball according to claim 1, wherein
the golf ball has an amount of compressive deformation of equal to or greater than 3.0 mm but equal to or less than 5.0 mm, the amount of compressive deformation being measured under conditions of an initial load of 98 N and a final load of 1274 N, and the golf ball meets the following mathematical formula (I):
0.80≤((L1+L2)/2)≤0.95 (I), 5. The golf ball according to claim 1, wherein
the center is a rubber composition including a base rubber and a co-crosslinking agent, and the co-crosslinking agent is equal to or greater than 15 parts by weight of a base rubber of the rubber composition but equal to or less than 50 parts by weight of the base rubber. 6. The golf ball according to claim 5, wherein
the base rubber includes polybutadiene, and the polybutadiene is equal to or greater than 50 percent by weight of the base rubber. 7. The golf ball according to claim 5, wherein
the base rubber includes an organic sulfur compound, and the organic sulfur compound is equal to or greater than 0.1 parts by weight of the base rubber but less than or equal to 1.5 parts by weight of the base rubber. 8. The golf ball according to claim 5, wherein
the mid layer includes a thermoplastic resin composition, the thermoplastic resin composition includes an ionomer resin, and the ionomer resin is equal to or greater than 50 percent by weight of a base polymer of the thermoplastic resin composition. 9. The golf ball according to claim 1, wherein a total volume of the plurality of dimples is equal to or greater than 430 mm3 but equal to or less than 580 mm3. 10. The golf ball according to claim 4, wherein the ratio L1 is equal to or greater than 0.85 but equal to or less than 0.93. 11. The golf ball according to claim 4, wherein the ratio L2 is equal to or greater than 0.76 but equal to or less than 0.92. 12. The golf ball according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of a sum of spherical surface areas of the plurality of dimples relative to a surface area of a phantom sphere of the golf ball is equal to or greater than 0.780 but equal to or less than 0.950. 13. The golf ball according to claim 1, wherein a total number of the plurality of dimples is equal to or greater than 250 but equal to or less than 450. 14. The golf ball according to claim 1, wherein each dimple of the plurality of dimples has a diameter Dm of equal to or greater than 2.0 mm but equal to or less than 6.0 mm. 15. The golf ball according to claim 1, wherein each dimple of the plurality of dimples has a depth of equal to or greater than 0.10 mm but equal to or less than 0.60 mm. | 3,600 |
346,756 | 16,805,204 | 3,632 | The present invention provides compounds represented by formula (1) below and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof: | 1. A compound represented by general formula (1) below or a pharmacologically acceptable salt, or a hydrate or a solvate thereof: 2. The compound or pharmacologically acceptable salt, or a hydrate or a solvate thereof of claim 1, wherein R1 and R2 are selected from the combinations below:
1) R1 is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, and R2 is a hydrogen atom, a trifluoromethyl group, or a trifluoromethoxy group (provided that R1 and R2 are not both hydrogen atoms); 2) R1 is a trifluoromethyl group or a trifluoromethoxy group, and R2 is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; 3) R1 and R2 bond with each other to form a group represented by the formula below: 3. The compound or pharmacologically acceptable salt, or a hydrate or a solvate thereof of claim 1, wherein R1 and R2 are selected from the combinations below:
1) R1 is a trifluoromethoxy group and R2 is a fluorine atom; 2) R1 is a bromine atom and R2 is a hydrogen atom; 3) R1 is a trifluoromethoxy group and R2 is a fluorine atom; 4) R1 is a fluorine atom and R2 is a trifluoromethoxy group; 5) R1 is a trifluoromethyl group and R2 is a hydrogen atom; 6) R1 is a hydrogen atom and R2 is a trifluoromethoxy group; 7) R1 and R2 bond with each other to form a group represented by the formula below: 4. The compound or pharmacologically acceptable salt, or a hydrate or a solvate thereof of claim 1, wherein R3 and R4 are methyl groups. 5. The compound or pharmacologically acceptable salt, or a hydrate or a solvate thereof of claim 1, wherein R3 and R4, together with a bound carbon atom, form a ring selected from below: 6. The compound or pharmacologically acceptable salt, or a hydrate or a solvate thereof of claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:
1-(4-(2-((2-(4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-4-oxo-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-1-en-8-yl)sulfonyl)ethyl)-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione; 1-(4-(2-((2-(3-bromophenyl)-4-oxo-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-1-en-8-yl)sulfonyl)ethyl)-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione; 1-(4-(2-((2-(4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-oxo-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-1-en-8-yl)sulfonyl)ethyl)-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione; 1-(4-(2-((2-(3-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-4-oxo-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-1-en-8-yl)sulfonyl)ethyl)-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione; 1-(4-(2-((2-(2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-4-oxo-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-1-en-8-yl)sulfonyl)ethyl)-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione; 1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(2-((4-oxo-2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-1-en-8-yl) sulfonyl)ethyl)phenyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione; 1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(2-((4-oxo-2-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-1-en-8-yl)sulfonyl)ethyl)phenyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione); 1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(2-((4-oxo-2-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-1-en-8-yl)sulfonyl)ethyl)phenyl)-1,3-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane-2,4-dione; 1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(2-((4-oxo-2-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-1-en-8-yl)sulfonyl)ethyl)phenyl)-8-methyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione; 5-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(2-((4-oxo-2-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-1-en-8-yl)sulfonyl)ethyl)phenyl)-2-oxa-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octane-6,8-dione; and 4-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(2-((4-oxo-2-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-1-en-8-yl)sulfonyl)ethyl)phenyl)-4,6-diazaspiro[2.4]heptane-5,7-dione. 7. The compound or pharmacologically acceptable salt, or a hydrate or a solvate thereof of claim 1, wherein the compound is 1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(2-((4-oxo-2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-1-en-8-yl) sulfonyl)ethyl)phenyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione 8. The compound or pharmacologically acceptable salt, or a hydrate or a solvate thereof of claim 1, wherein the compound is 1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(2-((4-oxo-2-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-1-en-8-yl)sulfonyl)ethyl)phenyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione. 9. The compound or pharmacologically acceptable salt, or a hydrate or a solvate thereof of claim 1, wherein the compound is 1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(2-((4-oxo-2-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-1-en-8-yl)sulfonyl)ethyl)phenyl)-1,3-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane-2,4-dione. 10. A pharmaceutical composition, which comprises the compound or pharmacologically acceptable salt, or a hydrate or a solvate thereof of claim 1 as an active ingredient. 11. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 10, which is for use in oral administration. 12. A pharmaceutical composition for activating intracellular cAMP response, which comprises the compound or pharmacologically acceptable salt, or a hydrate or a solvate thereof of claim 1 as an active ingredient. 13. A stem cell-mobilizing agent, or an agent for preventing or treating osteoporosis, fracture, adynamic bone disease, achondroplasia, hypochondroplasia, osteomalacia, osteoarthritis, arthritis, thrombocytopenia, hypoparathyroidism, hyperphosphatemia or tumoral calcinosis, which comprises the compound or pharmacologically acceptable salt, or a hydrate or a solvate thereof of claim 1 as an active ingredient. 14. A method for prevention or treatment of osteoporosis, fracture, adynamic bone disease, achondronplasia, hypochondroplasia, osteomalacia, osteoarthritis, arthritis, thrombocytopenia, hypoparathyroidism, hyperphosphatemia or tumoral calcinosis, or stem cell mobilization, wherein the method comprises administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising the compound or pharmacologically acceptable salt, or a hydrate or a solvate thereof of claim 1 to a patient in need of the prevention or treatment of the disease or stem cell mobilization. | The present invention provides compounds represented by formula (1) below and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof:1. A compound represented by general formula (1) below or a pharmacologically acceptable salt, or a hydrate or a solvate thereof: 2. The compound or pharmacologically acceptable salt, or a hydrate or a solvate thereof of claim 1, wherein R1 and R2 are selected from the combinations below:
1) R1 is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, and R2 is a hydrogen atom, a trifluoromethyl group, or a trifluoromethoxy group (provided that R1 and R2 are not both hydrogen atoms); 2) R1 is a trifluoromethyl group or a trifluoromethoxy group, and R2 is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; 3) R1 and R2 bond with each other to form a group represented by the formula below: 3. The compound or pharmacologically acceptable salt, or a hydrate or a solvate thereof of claim 1, wherein R1 and R2 are selected from the combinations below:
1) R1 is a trifluoromethoxy group and R2 is a fluorine atom; 2) R1 is a bromine atom and R2 is a hydrogen atom; 3) R1 is a trifluoromethoxy group and R2 is a fluorine atom; 4) R1 is a fluorine atom and R2 is a trifluoromethoxy group; 5) R1 is a trifluoromethyl group and R2 is a hydrogen atom; 6) R1 is a hydrogen atom and R2 is a trifluoromethoxy group; 7) R1 and R2 bond with each other to form a group represented by the formula below: 4. The compound or pharmacologically acceptable salt, or a hydrate or a solvate thereof of claim 1, wherein R3 and R4 are methyl groups. 5. The compound or pharmacologically acceptable salt, or a hydrate or a solvate thereof of claim 1, wherein R3 and R4, together with a bound carbon atom, form a ring selected from below: 6. The compound or pharmacologically acceptable salt, or a hydrate or a solvate thereof of claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:
1-(4-(2-((2-(4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-4-oxo-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-1-en-8-yl)sulfonyl)ethyl)-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione; 1-(4-(2-((2-(3-bromophenyl)-4-oxo-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-1-en-8-yl)sulfonyl)ethyl)-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione; 1-(4-(2-((2-(4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-oxo-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-1-en-8-yl)sulfonyl)ethyl)-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione; 1-(4-(2-((2-(3-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-4-oxo-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-1-en-8-yl)sulfonyl)ethyl)-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione; 1-(4-(2-((2-(2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-4-oxo-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-1-en-8-yl)sulfonyl)ethyl)-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione; 1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(2-((4-oxo-2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-1-en-8-yl) sulfonyl)ethyl)phenyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione; 1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(2-((4-oxo-2-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-1-en-8-yl)sulfonyl)ethyl)phenyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione); 1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(2-((4-oxo-2-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-1-en-8-yl)sulfonyl)ethyl)phenyl)-1,3-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane-2,4-dione; 1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(2-((4-oxo-2-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-1-en-8-yl)sulfonyl)ethyl)phenyl)-8-methyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione; 5-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(2-((4-oxo-2-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-1-en-8-yl)sulfonyl)ethyl)phenyl)-2-oxa-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octane-6,8-dione; and 4-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(2-((4-oxo-2-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-1-en-8-yl)sulfonyl)ethyl)phenyl)-4,6-diazaspiro[2.4]heptane-5,7-dione. 7. The compound or pharmacologically acceptable salt, or a hydrate or a solvate thereof of claim 1, wherein the compound is 1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(2-((4-oxo-2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-1-en-8-yl) sulfonyl)ethyl)phenyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione 8. The compound or pharmacologically acceptable salt, or a hydrate or a solvate thereof of claim 1, wherein the compound is 1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(2-((4-oxo-2-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-1-en-8-yl)sulfonyl)ethyl)phenyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione. 9. The compound or pharmacologically acceptable salt, or a hydrate or a solvate thereof of claim 1, wherein the compound is 1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(2-((4-oxo-2-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-1-en-8-yl)sulfonyl)ethyl)phenyl)-1,3-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane-2,4-dione. 10. A pharmaceutical composition, which comprises the compound or pharmacologically acceptable salt, or a hydrate or a solvate thereof of claim 1 as an active ingredient. 11. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 10, which is for use in oral administration. 12. A pharmaceutical composition for activating intracellular cAMP response, which comprises the compound or pharmacologically acceptable salt, or a hydrate or a solvate thereof of claim 1 as an active ingredient. 13. A stem cell-mobilizing agent, or an agent for preventing or treating osteoporosis, fracture, adynamic bone disease, achondroplasia, hypochondroplasia, osteomalacia, osteoarthritis, arthritis, thrombocytopenia, hypoparathyroidism, hyperphosphatemia or tumoral calcinosis, which comprises the compound or pharmacologically acceptable salt, or a hydrate or a solvate thereof of claim 1 as an active ingredient. 14. A method for prevention or treatment of osteoporosis, fracture, adynamic bone disease, achondronplasia, hypochondroplasia, osteomalacia, osteoarthritis, arthritis, thrombocytopenia, hypoparathyroidism, hyperphosphatemia or tumoral calcinosis, or stem cell mobilization, wherein the method comprises administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising the compound or pharmacologically acceptable salt, or a hydrate or a solvate thereof of claim 1 to a patient in need of the prevention or treatment of the disease or stem cell mobilization. | 3,600 |
346,757 | 16,805,228 | 3,632 | A robot charging system and a control method thereof are provided to determine a charged state and charge a robot through self-driving. The robot charging system includes: a server configured to store boarding information of a user; a robot configured to receive the boarding information from the server, move the user to a destination included in the boarding information by self-driving using charged power, determine a discharge of the power, and move to a charging station for charging; and the charging station provided with a power supply coil to wirelessly supply the power source to the robot, and provided with a moving rail on a top of the power supply coil to sequentially charge a plurality of robots. | 1. A robot charging system, comprising:
a server configured to store boarding information of a user; at least one robot, the robot being configured to:
receive the boarding information from the server,
move the user to a destination included in the boarding information using charged power,
determine a discharge amount of the charged power, and
move to a charging station for charging; and
at least one charging station, the charging station including:
a power supply coil to wirelessly supply the charged power to the robot; and
a moving rail configured to move the robot past the power supply coil to charge the robot. 2. The robot charging system according to claim 1, wherein the robot includes:
a communication interface configured to communicate with the server to transmit and receive the boarding information of the user or location information of the robot; at least one sensor configured to recognize whether the user has arrived at the destination by using the boarding information or the location information received from the communication interface; and a processor configured to:
determine a charging amount of the charged power when the at least one sensor determines that the user has arrived at the destination, and
control a movement of the robot with respect to the charging station. 3. The robot charging system according to claim 2, wherein the at least one charging station includes a plurality of charging stations, and
wherein the processor is further configured to control the movement of the robot to a closest charging station among the plurality of charging stations when the controller determines that the charged power is not sufficient for the robot to move a reserved user to a reserved user destination. 4. The robot charging system according to claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to control the movement of the robot to a repository to wait for a reserved user after the charging of the robot is completed. 5. The robot charging system according to claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to control the robot to move to a mounting station when an auxiliary device is required for a movement of the reserved user. 6. The robot charging system according to claim 1, wherein the moving rail is disposed above the power supply coil. 7. The robot charging system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one robot includes a plurality of robots. 8. The robot charging system according to claim 7, wherein the power supply coil is configured to wirelessly supply power to two or more robots of the plurality of robots simultaneously, and
wherein the moving rail is disposed above the power supply coil to enable the robots to be charged while sequentially moving the two or more robots past the power supply coil according to a movement of the moving rail. 9. The robot charging system according to claim 8, wherein the charging station further includes a sterilizer installed on upper, opposite sides of the moving rail to irradiate ultraviolet rays towards the two or more robots to sterilize the two or more robots according to the movement of the moving rail. 10. The robot charging system according to claim 8, wherein each robot of the two or more robots is configured to receive location information of a repository from the server after the charging is completed and to move to the repository from the charging station. 11. A method of controlling a charging system for a robot, the method comprising:
receiving, by a communication interface of the robot, boarding information from a server; determining, by at least one sensor of the robot, whether the robot arrives at a destination of a user included in the boarding information; determining, by a processor of the robot, a charging amount of a charged power when the at least one sensor determines that the robot has arrived at the destination of the user; controlling, by the processor of the robot, the robot to move to a charging station; charging the robot at the charging station; and moving the robot to a repository for a reserved user or moving the robot to a mounting station to mount an auxiliary device when the auxiliary device is necessary for a movement of the reserved user, after the charging of the robot is completed. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein determining whether the robot arrives at the destination of the user includes determining whether the robot is located at the destination of the user included in the boarding information. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein determining whether the robot arrives at the destination of the user includes detecting, by the at least one sensor, the user disembarking from the robot. 14. The method according to claim 11, wherein determining whether the robot arrives at the destination of the user includes receiving an acceptance from the user indicating that the robot has arrived at the destination. 15. The method according to claim 11, wherein charging the robot includes:
moving a plurality of robots including the robot past a power supply coil by moving a moving rail provided in the charging station; and wirelessly supplying power from the power supply coil to simultaneously charge the plurality of robots. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising, while moving the plurality of robots with the moving rail, sterilizing the robots by using a sterilizer installed on upper, opposite sides of the charging station. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the sterilizer irradiates ultraviolet rays towards the plurality of robots. 18. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:
prior to moving the robot to the repository or the mounting station, receiving boarding information of the reserved user from the server after the charging of the robot is completed; and determining, by the processor of the robot, a next destination of the robot according to the boarding information of the reserved user. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein moving the robot to the repository for a reserved user includes moving the robot by selecting the repository from a plurality of repositories by taking into consideration a reserved place and a reserved time according to the boarding information of the reserved user. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein moving the robot to the mounting station includes:
receiving, from the server, a number of auxiliary devices stored in the mounting station to which the robot is to move; and moving the robot to a next mounting station when the number of auxiliary devices at the mounting station is insufficient. | A robot charging system and a control method thereof are provided to determine a charged state and charge a robot through self-driving. The robot charging system includes: a server configured to store boarding information of a user; a robot configured to receive the boarding information from the server, move the user to a destination included in the boarding information by self-driving using charged power, determine a discharge of the power, and move to a charging station for charging; and the charging station provided with a power supply coil to wirelessly supply the power source to the robot, and provided with a moving rail on a top of the power supply coil to sequentially charge a plurality of robots.1. A robot charging system, comprising:
a server configured to store boarding information of a user; at least one robot, the robot being configured to:
receive the boarding information from the server,
move the user to a destination included in the boarding information using charged power,
determine a discharge amount of the charged power, and
move to a charging station for charging; and
at least one charging station, the charging station including:
a power supply coil to wirelessly supply the charged power to the robot; and
a moving rail configured to move the robot past the power supply coil to charge the robot. 2. The robot charging system according to claim 1, wherein the robot includes:
a communication interface configured to communicate with the server to transmit and receive the boarding information of the user or location information of the robot; at least one sensor configured to recognize whether the user has arrived at the destination by using the boarding information or the location information received from the communication interface; and a processor configured to:
determine a charging amount of the charged power when the at least one sensor determines that the user has arrived at the destination, and
control a movement of the robot with respect to the charging station. 3. The robot charging system according to claim 2, wherein the at least one charging station includes a plurality of charging stations, and
wherein the processor is further configured to control the movement of the robot to a closest charging station among the plurality of charging stations when the controller determines that the charged power is not sufficient for the robot to move a reserved user to a reserved user destination. 4. The robot charging system according to claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to control the movement of the robot to a repository to wait for a reserved user after the charging of the robot is completed. 5. The robot charging system according to claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to control the robot to move to a mounting station when an auxiliary device is required for a movement of the reserved user. 6. The robot charging system according to claim 1, wherein the moving rail is disposed above the power supply coil. 7. The robot charging system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one robot includes a plurality of robots. 8. The robot charging system according to claim 7, wherein the power supply coil is configured to wirelessly supply power to two or more robots of the plurality of robots simultaneously, and
wherein the moving rail is disposed above the power supply coil to enable the robots to be charged while sequentially moving the two or more robots past the power supply coil according to a movement of the moving rail. 9. The robot charging system according to claim 8, wherein the charging station further includes a sterilizer installed on upper, opposite sides of the moving rail to irradiate ultraviolet rays towards the two or more robots to sterilize the two or more robots according to the movement of the moving rail. 10. The robot charging system according to claim 8, wherein each robot of the two or more robots is configured to receive location information of a repository from the server after the charging is completed and to move to the repository from the charging station. 11. A method of controlling a charging system for a robot, the method comprising:
receiving, by a communication interface of the robot, boarding information from a server; determining, by at least one sensor of the robot, whether the robot arrives at a destination of a user included in the boarding information; determining, by a processor of the robot, a charging amount of a charged power when the at least one sensor determines that the robot has arrived at the destination of the user; controlling, by the processor of the robot, the robot to move to a charging station; charging the robot at the charging station; and moving the robot to a repository for a reserved user or moving the robot to a mounting station to mount an auxiliary device when the auxiliary device is necessary for a movement of the reserved user, after the charging of the robot is completed. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein determining whether the robot arrives at the destination of the user includes determining whether the robot is located at the destination of the user included in the boarding information. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein determining whether the robot arrives at the destination of the user includes detecting, by the at least one sensor, the user disembarking from the robot. 14. The method according to claim 11, wherein determining whether the robot arrives at the destination of the user includes receiving an acceptance from the user indicating that the robot has arrived at the destination. 15. The method according to claim 11, wherein charging the robot includes:
moving a plurality of robots including the robot past a power supply coil by moving a moving rail provided in the charging station; and wirelessly supplying power from the power supply coil to simultaneously charge the plurality of robots. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising, while moving the plurality of robots with the moving rail, sterilizing the robots by using a sterilizer installed on upper, opposite sides of the charging station. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the sterilizer irradiates ultraviolet rays towards the plurality of robots. 18. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:
prior to moving the robot to the repository or the mounting station, receiving boarding information of the reserved user from the server after the charging of the robot is completed; and determining, by the processor of the robot, a next destination of the robot according to the boarding information of the reserved user. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein moving the robot to the repository for a reserved user includes moving the robot by selecting the repository from a plurality of repositories by taking into consideration a reserved place and a reserved time according to the boarding information of the reserved user. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein moving the robot to the mounting station includes:
receiving, from the server, a number of auxiliary devices stored in the mounting station to which the robot is to move; and moving the robot to a next mounting station when the number of auxiliary devices at the mounting station is insufficient. | 3,600 |
346,758 | 16,805,217 | 3,632 | An ocular implant adapted to be disposed within Schlemm's canal of a human eye with a body extending along a curved longitudinal central axis in a curvature plane, a first strut on one side of the implant and a second strut on an opposite side of the implant, the circumferential extent of the first strut with respect to the plane of curvature being greater than the circumferential extent of the second strut with respect to the plane of curvature. The invention also includes methods of using the implant. | 1. A cannula for delivering an ocular implant into Schlemm's canal of an eye, comprising:
a curved body member adapted to extend along a medial plane through an anterior chamber of the eye to achieve tangential entry into Schlemm's canal, the body member comprising a lumen configured to direct the ocular implant from a location outside of the eye to a location within Schlemm's canal; an opening at a distal end of the lumen; and an asymmetric tip disposed at a distal end of the body member offset from, and asymmetric about, the medial plane, the asymmetric tip being located at an intersection between an upper camming surface and a lower camming surface, the upper camming surface being configured to contact scleral tissue of the eye, and the lower camming surface being configured to contact a scleral spur of the eye to guide the distal end of the body member and at least part of the opening into Schlemm's canal. 2. The cannula of claim 1, wherein the asymmetric tip is configured to not pierce the scleral tissue. 3. The cannula of claim 1, wherein the asymmetric tip is configured to pierce the trabecular meshwork. 4. The cannula of claim 1, wherein the upper camming surface is shorter than the lower camming surface. 5. The cannula of claim 1, wherein the asymmetric tip is sufficiently blunt to slide along an outer wall of Schlemm's canal without cutting scleral tissue underlying the outer wall of Schlemm's canal. 6. The cannula of claim 1, wherein the asymmetric tip has an asymmetric V-shape. 7. The cannula of claim 1, wherein the cannula is shaped and dimensioned so that at least part of the opening can be advanced into Schlemm's canal while a first portion of the body member is disposed inside the anterior chamber and a second portion of the body member extends through an incision in the eye to a location outside of the eye. 8. The cannula of claim 1 wherein the body member has a diameter of 350-550 microns. 9. The cannula of claim 8 wherein the body member has a diameter of 400-500 microns. 10. The cannula of claim 1 wherein the asymmetric tip is in a position offset from a central axis of the opening. 11. The cannula of claim 1 wherein the body member extends along a medial plane, the asymmetric tip being asymmetric about the medial plane and the opening being symmetric about the medial plane. 12. An ocular implant and delivery system, comprising:
a curved cannula adapted to extend along a medial plane through an anterior chamber of an eye to achieve tangential entry into Schlemm's canal of the eye, the cannula comprising a lumen configured to direct the ocular implant from a location outside of the eye to a location within Schlemm's canal; an opening at a distal end of the lumen; an ocular implant configured to be carried inside the curved cannula and advanced distally through the lumen and opening of the curved cannula into Schlemm's canal; and an asymmetric tip disposed at a distal end of the curved cannula offset from, and asymmetric about, the medial plane, the asymmetric tip being located at an intersection between an upper camming surface and a lower camming surface, the upper camming surface being configured to contact scleral tissue of the eye to guide the trough portion into Schlemm's canal, the lower camming surface being configured to contact a scleral spur of the eye to guide the distal end of the cannula and at least part of the opening into Schlemm's canal. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the asymmetric tip is configured to not pierce the scleral tissue. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the asymmetric tip is configured to pierce the trabecular meshwork. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the upper camming surface is shorter than the lower camming surface. 16. The system of claim 12, wherein the asymmetric tip is sufficiently blunt to slide along an outer wall of Schlemm's canal without cutting scleral tissue underlying the outer wall of Schlemm's canal. 17. The system of claim 12, wherein the asymmetric tip has an asymmetric V-shape. 18. The system of claim 12, wherein the curved cannula is shaped and dimensioned so that at least part of the opening can be advanced into Schlemm's canal while a first portion of the curved cannula is disposed inside the anterior chamber and a second portion of the curved cannula extends through an incision in the eye to a location outside of the eye. 19. The system of claim 12 wherein the asymmetric tip is in a position offset from a central axis of the opening. 20. The system of claim 12 wherein the cannula extends along a medial plane, the asymmetric tip being asymmetric about the medial plane and the opening being symmetric about the medial plane. 21. A method of inserting an ocular implant into Schlemm's canal of an eye, the method comprising:
advancing a curved cannula through an anterior chamber of the eye, the curved cannula comprising a distal tip, a lumen, and an opening at a distal end of the lumen; inserting the distal tip of the curved cannula tangentially into Schlemm's canal so that at least part of the opening is in communication with Schlemm's canal; allowing an upper camming surface of the distal tip to contact scleral tissue of the eye to guide the distal tip and at least part of the opening into Schlemm's canal; allowing a lower camming surface of the distal tip to contact a scleral spur of the eye to guide the distal tip and opening into Schlemm's canal; and advancing the ocular implant through the lumen and through the opening into Schlemm's canal. 22. The method of claim 21 further comprising viewing the ocular implant as it advances along the opening. 23. The method of claim 22 further comprising identifying a position of a proximal end of the ocular implant with respect to an incision made by the cannula to access Schlemm's canal. 24. The method of claim 21 further comprising using an anatomical landmark to guide placement and advancement of the cannula. 25. The method of claim 24 wherein the anatomical landmark is the scleral spur. 26. The method of claim 24 wherein the anatomical landmark is a pigment line. 27. The method of claim 24 wherein the anatomical landmark is Schwalbe's line. 28. The method of claim 21 further comprising advancing the distal tip of the cannula into Schlemm's canal without cutting the scleral tissue. 29. The method of claim 21 wherein the cannula has a body portion proximal to the opening, the method further comprising centering the body portion on Schlemm's canal and advancing the distal tip to pierce trabecular meshwork and a wall of Schlemm's canal at a point above a center of Schlemm's canal. 30. The method of claim 21 wherein the cannula has a body portion proximal to the opening, the body portion having a diameter greater than a diameter of Schlemm's canal of the eye. | An ocular implant adapted to be disposed within Schlemm's canal of a human eye with a body extending along a curved longitudinal central axis in a curvature plane, a first strut on one side of the implant and a second strut on an opposite side of the implant, the circumferential extent of the first strut with respect to the plane of curvature being greater than the circumferential extent of the second strut with respect to the plane of curvature. The invention also includes methods of using the implant.1. A cannula for delivering an ocular implant into Schlemm's canal of an eye, comprising:
a curved body member adapted to extend along a medial plane through an anterior chamber of the eye to achieve tangential entry into Schlemm's canal, the body member comprising a lumen configured to direct the ocular implant from a location outside of the eye to a location within Schlemm's canal; an opening at a distal end of the lumen; and an asymmetric tip disposed at a distal end of the body member offset from, and asymmetric about, the medial plane, the asymmetric tip being located at an intersection between an upper camming surface and a lower camming surface, the upper camming surface being configured to contact scleral tissue of the eye, and the lower camming surface being configured to contact a scleral spur of the eye to guide the distal end of the body member and at least part of the opening into Schlemm's canal. 2. The cannula of claim 1, wherein the asymmetric tip is configured to not pierce the scleral tissue. 3. The cannula of claim 1, wherein the asymmetric tip is configured to pierce the trabecular meshwork. 4. The cannula of claim 1, wherein the upper camming surface is shorter than the lower camming surface. 5. The cannula of claim 1, wherein the asymmetric tip is sufficiently blunt to slide along an outer wall of Schlemm's canal without cutting scleral tissue underlying the outer wall of Schlemm's canal. 6. The cannula of claim 1, wherein the asymmetric tip has an asymmetric V-shape. 7. The cannula of claim 1, wherein the cannula is shaped and dimensioned so that at least part of the opening can be advanced into Schlemm's canal while a first portion of the body member is disposed inside the anterior chamber and a second portion of the body member extends through an incision in the eye to a location outside of the eye. 8. The cannula of claim 1 wherein the body member has a diameter of 350-550 microns. 9. The cannula of claim 8 wherein the body member has a diameter of 400-500 microns. 10. The cannula of claim 1 wherein the asymmetric tip is in a position offset from a central axis of the opening. 11. The cannula of claim 1 wherein the body member extends along a medial plane, the asymmetric tip being asymmetric about the medial plane and the opening being symmetric about the medial plane. 12. An ocular implant and delivery system, comprising:
a curved cannula adapted to extend along a medial plane through an anterior chamber of an eye to achieve tangential entry into Schlemm's canal of the eye, the cannula comprising a lumen configured to direct the ocular implant from a location outside of the eye to a location within Schlemm's canal; an opening at a distal end of the lumen; an ocular implant configured to be carried inside the curved cannula and advanced distally through the lumen and opening of the curved cannula into Schlemm's canal; and an asymmetric tip disposed at a distal end of the curved cannula offset from, and asymmetric about, the medial plane, the asymmetric tip being located at an intersection between an upper camming surface and a lower camming surface, the upper camming surface being configured to contact scleral tissue of the eye to guide the trough portion into Schlemm's canal, the lower camming surface being configured to contact a scleral spur of the eye to guide the distal end of the cannula and at least part of the opening into Schlemm's canal. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the asymmetric tip is configured to not pierce the scleral tissue. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the asymmetric tip is configured to pierce the trabecular meshwork. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the upper camming surface is shorter than the lower camming surface. 16. The system of claim 12, wherein the asymmetric tip is sufficiently blunt to slide along an outer wall of Schlemm's canal without cutting scleral tissue underlying the outer wall of Schlemm's canal. 17. The system of claim 12, wherein the asymmetric tip has an asymmetric V-shape. 18. The system of claim 12, wherein the curved cannula is shaped and dimensioned so that at least part of the opening can be advanced into Schlemm's canal while a first portion of the curved cannula is disposed inside the anterior chamber and a second portion of the curved cannula extends through an incision in the eye to a location outside of the eye. 19. The system of claim 12 wherein the asymmetric tip is in a position offset from a central axis of the opening. 20. The system of claim 12 wherein the cannula extends along a medial plane, the asymmetric tip being asymmetric about the medial plane and the opening being symmetric about the medial plane. 21. A method of inserting an ocular implant into Schlemm's canal of an eye, the method comprising:
advancing a curved cannula through an anterior chamber of the eye, the curved cannula comprising a distal tip, a lumen, and an opening at a distal end of the lumen; inserting the distal tip of the curved cannula tangentially into Schlemm's canal so that at least part of the opening is in communication with Schlemm's canal; allowing an upper camming surface of the distal tip to contact scleral tissue of the eye to guide the distal tip and at least part of the opening into Schlemm's canal; allowing a lower camming surface of the distal tip to contact a scleral spur of the eye to guide the distal tip and opening into Schlemm's canal; and advancing the ocular implant through the lumen and through the opening into Schlemm's canal. 22. The method of claim 21 further comprising viewing the ocular implant as it advances along the opening. 23. The method of claim 22 further comprising identifying a position of a proximal end of the ocular implant with respect to an incision made by the cannula to access Schlemm's canal. 24. The method of claim 21 further comprising using an anatomical landmark to guide placement and advancement of the cannula. 25. The method of claim 24 wherein the anatomical landmark is the scleral spur. 26. The method of claim 24 wherein the anatomical landmark is a pigment line. 27. The method of claim 24 wherein the anatomical landmark is Schwalbe's line. 28. The method of claim 21 further comprising advancing the distal tip of the cannula into Schlemm's canal without cutting the scleral tissue. 29. The method of claim 21 wherein the cannula has a body portion proximal to the opening, the method further comprising centering the body portion on Schlemm's canal and advancing the distal tip to pierce trabecular meshwork and a wall of Schlemm's canal at a point above a center of Schlemm's canal. 30. The method of claim 21 wherein the cannula has a body portion proximal to the opening, the body portion having a diameter greater than a diameter of Schlemm's canal of the eye. | 3,600 |
346,759 | 16,805,211 | 3,632 | Devices and methods for electrostatic application of cosmetics are described. In one embodiment, a system for electrostatic deposition of cosmetic material on a surface includes: a housing; a nozzle configured for breaking the cosmetic material into cosmetic particles and for directing the cosmetic particles out of the housing and toward the surface; and a reservoir configured for holding the cosmetic material. The reservoir is connected to the nozzle. The system also includes an airflow conduit configured to provide air to the nozzle; and a nozzle electrode configured proximately to the nozzle. The nozzle electrode is configured to charge the cosmetic particles. | 1. A system for electrostatic deposition of cosmetic material on a surface, the system comprising:
a housing; a nozzle configured for breaking the cosmetic material into cosmetic particles and for directing the cosmetic particles out of the housing and toward the surface; a reservoir configured for holding the cosmetic material, wherein the reservoir is connected to the nozzle; and a nozzle electrode configured proximately to the nozzle, wherein the nozzle electrode is configured to charge the cosmetic particles. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic particles comprise solid particles, and wherein the solid particles are configured to receive charge from the nozzle electrode. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the cosmetic material is selected from a group consisting of a dry shampoo, a deodorant, an antiperspirant, a baby powder, a hairspray, and a combination thereof. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a target electrode configured for charging the surface; and a controller having instructions, which, when executed, cause the controller to:
during a first time period, charge the surface at a first polarity;
charge the cosmetic particles at a second polarity, wherein the second polarity is different from the first polarity; and
during a second time period, repel the cosmetic particles from the surface by charging the surface at the second polarity. 5. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a target electrode configured for charging the surface; and a controller having instructions, which, when executed, cause the controller to:
charge the surface at a first polarity;
during a first time period, charge the cosmetic particles at a second polarity, wherein the second polarity is different from the first polarity; and
after the first time period, charge the cosmetic particles at the first polarity. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the reservoir is a first reservoir, the cosmetic material is a first cosmetic material, and the cosmetic particles are first cosmetic particles, the system further comprising:
a second reservoir configured for holding a second cosmetic material, wherein the nozzle electrode is configured to charge second cosmetic particles of the second cosmetic material. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the nozzle is a first nozzle, and the nozzle electrode is a first nozzle electrode, the system further comprising:
a second nozzle configured for breaking the second cosmetic material into the second cosmetic particles and for directing the second cosmetic particles toward the surface; and a second nozzle electrode configured proximately to the second nozzle, wherein the second nozzle electrode is configured to charge the cosmetic particles. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the first nozzle electrode has a first polarity and the second nozzle electrode has a second polarity, and wherein the first polarity is different from the second polarity. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the first nozzle electrode has a first polarity and the second nozzle electrode has a second polarity, and wherein the first polarity is the same as the second polarity. 10. The system of claim 9, further comprising:
a target electrode configured for charging the surface; wherein a polarity of the target electrode is different than the first polarity. 11. The system of claim 6, wherein the first reservoir is a first insertable cartridge, and the second reservoir is a second insertable cartridge. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the first material in the first insertable cartridge is pre-charged to a pre-determined charge. 13. The system of claim 6, wherein the first cosmetic particles of the first cosmetic material and the second cosmetic particles of the second cosmetic material are configured to chemically react. 14. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of target electrodes configured over the surface, wherein the plurality of target electrodes form a plurality of charge zones on the surface; and a controller having instructions, which, when executed, cause the controller to:
set polarities of individual charge zones of the plurality of charge zones at a first polarity or a second polarity different from the first polarity; and
charge the cosmetic particles at the first polarity or the second polarity. 15. A method for electrostatic deposition of cosmetic material on a surface, the method comprising:
flowing the cosmetic material from a reservoir to a nozzle; breaking the cosmetic material into cosmetic particles in the nozzle; charging the cosmetic particles by a nozzle electrode; directing the cosmetic particles toward the surface; and depositing the cosmetic particles on the surface. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the cosmetic particles comprise solid particles, and wherein the solid particles are configured to receive charge from the nozzle electrode. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the cosmetic material is selected from a group consisting of a dry shampoo, a deodorant, an antiperspirant, a baby powder, a hairspray, and a combination thereof. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the cosmetic material is held in an insertable cartridge. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the insertable cartridge is pre-charged to a pre-determined charge. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the cosmetic particles are charged at a first polarity, the method further comprising:
charging the surface at a second polarity by a target electrode, wherein the first polarity is different from the second polarity; and repelling the cosmetic particles from the surface by charging the surface at the first polarity. 21. The method of claim 15, wherein the cosmetic particles are charged at a first polarity, the method further comprising:
charging the surface at a second polarity by a target electrode; after charging the cosmetic particles at the first polarity, charging the cosmetic particles at the second polarity; and depositing the cosmetic particles at the second polarity over the cosmetic particles at the first polarity. 22. The method of claim 15, wherein the cosmetic particles are first cosmetic particles charged at a first polarity, the method further comprising:
after charging the cosmetic particles at the first polarity, charging the cosmetic particles at the second polarity; and depositing the cosmetic particles at the second polarity over the cosmetic particles at the first polarity. 23. The method of claim 15, wherein the cosmetic material is a first cosmetic material, and the cosmetic particles are first cosmetic particles charged at a first polarity, the method further comprising:
charging second cosmetic particles of a second cosmetic material to a second polarity; simultaneously flowing the first cosmetic particles and the second cosmetic particles toward the surface; and mixing the first cosmetic particles and the second cosmetic particles as the first cosmetic particles and the second cosmetic particles flow toward the surface. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the first cosmetic particles of the first cosmetic material and the second cosmetic particles of the second cosmetic material chemically react as the first cosmetic particles and the second cosmetic particles flow toward the surface. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein the first cosmetic particles of the first cosmetic material and the second cosmetic particles of the second cosmetic material chemically react on the surface. 26. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
depositing a plurality of target electrodes over the surface, wherein the plurality of target electrodes form a plurality of charge zones on the surface; setting polarities of individual charge zones of the plurality of charge zones at a first polarity or a second polarity different from the first polarity; and directing the cosmetic particles at the first polarity or the second polarity toward the charge zones on the surface. | Devices and methods for electrostatic application of cosmetics are described. In one embodiment, a system for electrostatic deposition of cosmetic material on a surface includes: a housing; a nozzle configured for breaking the cosmetic material into cosmetic particles and for directing the cosmetic particles out of the housing and toward the surface; and a reservoir configured for holding the cosmetic material. The reservoir is connected to the nozzle. The system also includes an airflow conduit configured to provide air to the nozzle; and a nozzle electrode configured proximately to the nozzle. The nozzle electrode is configured to charge the cosmetic particles.1. A system for electrostatic deposition of cosmetic material on a surface, the system comprising:
a housing; a nozzle configured for breaking the cosmetic material into cosmetic particles and for directing the cosmetic particles out of the housing and toward the surface; a reservoir configured for holding the cosmetic material, wherein the reservoir is connected to the nozzle; and a nozzle electrode configured proximately to the nozzle, wherein the nozzle electrode is configured to charge the cosmetic particles. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic particles comprise solid particles, and wherein the solid particles are configured to receive charge from the nozzle electrode. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the cosmetic material is selected from a group consisting of a dry shampoo, a deodorant, an antiperspirant, a baby powder, a hairspray, and a combination thereof. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a target electrode configured for charging the surface; and a controller having instructions, which, when executed, cause the controller to:
during a first time period, charge the surface at a first polarity;
charge the cosmetic particles at a second polarity, wherein the second polarity is different from the first polarity; and
during a second time period, repel the cosmetic particles from the surface by charging the surface at the second polarity. 5. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a target electrode configured for charging the surface; and a controller having instructions, which, when executed, cause the controller to:
charge the surface at a first polarity;
during a first time period, charge the cosmetic particles at a second polarity, wherein the second polarity is different from the first polarity; and
after the first time period, charge the cosmetic particles at the first polarity. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the reservoir is a first reservoir, the cosmetic material is a first cosmetic material, and the cosmetic particles are first cosmetic particles, the system further comprising:
a second reservoir configured for holding a second cosmetic material, wherein the nozzle electrode is configured to charge second cosmetic particles of the second cosmetic material. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the nozzle is a first nozzle, and the nozzle electrode is a first nozzle electrode, the system further comprising:
a second nozzle configured for breaking the second cosmetic material into the second cosmetic particles and for directing the second cosmetic particles toward the surface; and a second nozzle electrode configured proximately to the second nozzle, wherein the second nozzle electrode is configured to charge the cosmetic particles. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the first nozzle electrode has a first polarity and the second nozzle electrode has a second polarity, and wherein the first polarity is different from the second polarity. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the first nozzle electrode has a first polarity and the second nozzle electrode has a second polarity, and wherein the first polarity is the same as the second polarity. 10. The system of claim 9, further comprising:
a target electrode configured for charging the surface; wherein a polarity of the target electrode is different than the first polarity. 11. The system of claim 6, wherein the first reservoir is a first insertable cartridge, and the second reservoir is a second insertable cartridge. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the first material in the first insertable cartridge is pre-charged to a pre-determined charge. 13. The system of claim 6, wherein the first cosmetic particles of the first cosmetic material and the second cosmetic particles of the second cosmetic material are configured to chemically react. 14. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of target electrodes configured over the surface, wherein the plurality of target electrodes form a plurality of charge zones on the surface; and a controller having instructions, which, when executed, cause the controller to:
set polarities of individual charge zones of the plurality of charge zones at a first polarity or a second polarity different from the first polarity; and
charge the cosmetic particles at the first polarity or the second polarity. 15. A method for electrostatic deposition of cosmetic material on a surface, the method comprising:
flowing the cosmetic material from a reservoir to a nozzle; breaking the cosmetic material into cosmetic particles in the nozzle; charging the cosmetic particles by a nozzle electrode; directing the cosmetic particles toward the surface; and depositing the cosmetic particles on the surface. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the cosmetic particles comprise solid particles, and wherein the solid particles are configured to receive charge from the nozzle electrode. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the cosmetic material is selected from a group consisting of a dry shampoo, a deodorant, an antiperspirant, a baby powder, a hairspray, and a combination thereof. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the cosmetic material is held in an insertable cartridge. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the insertable cartridge is pre-charged to a pre-determined charge. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the cosmetic particles are charged at a first polarity, the method further comprising:
charging the surface at a second polarity by a target electrode, wherein the first polarity is different from the second polarity; and repelling the cosmetic particles from the surface by charging the surface at the first polarity. 21. The method of claim 15, wherein the cosmetic particles are charged at a first polarity, the method further comprising:
charging the surface at a second polarity by a target electrode; after charging the cosmetic particles at the first polarity, charging the cosmetic particles at the second polarity; and depositing the cosmetic particles at the second polarity over the cosmetic particles at the first polarity. 22. The method of claim 15, wherein the cosmetic particles are first cosmetic particles charged at a first polarity, the method further comprising:
after charging the cosmetic particles at the first polarity, charging the cosmetic particles at the second polarity; and depositing the cosmetic particles at the second polarity over the cosmetic particles at the first polarity. 23. The method of claim 15, wherein the cosmetic material is a first cosmetic material, and the cosmetic particles are first cosmetic particles charged at a first polarity, the method further comprising:
charging second cosmetic particles of a second cosmetic material to a second polarity; simultaneously flowing the first cosmetic particles and the second cosmetic particles toward the surface; and mixing the first cosmetic particles and the second cosmetic particles as the first cosmetic particles and the second cosmetic particles flow toward the surface. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the first cosmetic particles of the first cosmetic material and the second cosmetic particles of the second cosmetic material chemically react as the first cosmetic particles and the second cosmetic particles flow toward the surface. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein the first cosmetic particles of the first cosmetic material and the second cosmetic particles of the second cosmetic material chemically react on the surface. 26. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
depositing a plurality of target electrodes over the surface, wherein the plurality of target electrodes form a plurality of charge zones on the surface; setting polarities of individual charge zones of the plurality of charge zones at a first polarity or a second polarity different from the first polarity; and directing the cosmetic particles at the first polarity or the second polarity toward the charge zones on the surface. | 3,600 |
346,760 | 16,805,200 | 3,632 | A method and an apparatus for locating a fault cause are provided. The method includes: obtaining parameter values of a plurality of running parameters and a parameter value of a fault parameter in preset duration before a wavelength division multiplexing board device is faulty; determining a correlation between each of the plurality of running parameters and the fault parameter; and determining at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the correlation, where a correlation between each of the at least one target parameter and the fault parameter is greater than a correlation between the fault parameter and a running parameter other than the at least one target parameter in the plurality of running parameters. Accuracy of locating a fault cause can be improved in the embodiments of the present invention. | 1. A method for locating a fault cause, comprising:
obtaining parameter values of a plurality of running parameters and a parameter value of a fault parameter in preset duration before a wavelength division multiplexing board device is faulty, wherein the fault parameter is a parameter that is abnormal when the wavelength division multiplexing board device is faulty; determining a correlation between each of the plurality of running parameters and the fault parameter based on the parameter values of the plurality of running parameters and the parameter value of the fault parameter, wherein the correlation represents a correlation degree between a parameter value change of a running parameter and a parameter value change of a fault parameter; and determining at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the correlation, wherein a correlation between each of the at least one target parameter and the fault parameter is greater than a correlation between the fault parameter and a running parameter other than the at least one target parameter in the plurality of running parameters. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the correlation comprises a time correlation, the time correlation represents a correlation degree between a parameter value of a running parameter at a first moment and a parameter value of a fault parameter at a second moment, and the first moment is earlier than the second moment;
the determining a correlation between each running parameter and the fault parameter based on the parameter values of the plurality of running parameters and the parameter value of the fault parameter comprises: calculating a time correlation between a parameter value of each running parameter at the first moment and a parameter value of the fault parameter at the second moment; and the determining at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the correlation comprises: determining the at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the time correlation, wherein a time correlation between the at least one target parameter and the fault parameter is greater than a time correlation threshold. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the correlation further comprises a change correlation, and the change correlation represents dependence between a parameter value change of a running parameter and a parameter value change of a fault parameter;
the determining a correlation between each running parameter and the fault parameter based on the parameter values of the plurality of running parameters and the parameter value of the fault parameter further comprises: calculating a change correlation between each running parameter and the fault parameter; and the determining at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the correlation comprises: determining the at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on the value of the time correlation and a value of the change correlation, wherein the time correlation between the at least one target parameter and the fault parameter is greater than the time correlation threshold, and a change correlation between the at least one target parameter and the fault parameter is greater than a change correlation threshold. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the correlation comprises a change correlation, and the change correlation represents dependence between a parameter value change of a running parameter and a parameter value change of a fault parameter;
the determining a correlation between each running parameter and the fault parameter based on the parameter values of the plurality of running parameters and the parameter value of the fault parameter comprises: calculating a change correlation between each running parameter and the fault parameter; and the determining at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the correlation comprises: determining the at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the change correlation, wherein a change correlation between the at least one target parameter and the fault parameter is greater than a change correlation threshold. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the calculating a parameter value change correlation between each running parameter and the fault parameter comprises:
calculating a first change probability of each running parameter, a second change probability of the fault parameter, and a combined change probability of each running parameter and the fault parameter, wherein the first change probability represents a probability that a parameter value of a running parameter changes in the preset duration, the second change probability represents a probability that a parameter value of a fault parameter changes in the preset duration, and the combined change probability represents a probability that the parameter value of the running parameter and the parameter value of the fault parameter simultaneously change in the preset duration; and calculating the change correlation between each running parameter and the fault parameter based on the first change probability of each running parameter, the second change probability of the fault parameter, and the combined change probability of each running parameter and the fault parameter. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the calculating a first change probability of each running parameter, a second change probability of the fault parameter, and a combined change probability of each running parameter and the fault parameter comprises:
dividing the preset duration into at least two equal time periods; calculating a first parameter value change range of each running parameter in the preset duration and a second parameter value change range of each running parameter in each time period based on the parameter value of each running parameter; determining a ratio of the second parameter value change range of each running parameter in each time period to the first parameter value change range as a first time period change probability of each running parameter in each time period; calculating a third parameter value change range of the fault parameter in the preset duration and a fourth parameter value change range of the fault parameter in each time period based on the parameter value of the fault parameter; determining a ratio of the fourth parameter value change range of the fault parameter in each time period to the third parameter value change range as a second time period change probability of the fault parameter in each time period; and calculating the first change probability of each running parameter based on the first time period change probability of each running parameter in each time period, calculating the second change probability of the fault parameter based on the second time period change probability of the fault parameter in each time period, and calculating the combined change probability of each running parameter and the fault parameter based on the first time period change probability of each running parameter in each time period and the second time period change probability of the fault parameter in each time period. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein some or all of the at least one target parameter are used to warn of the fault parameter. 8. The method according to claim 7, after the determining at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the correlation, further comprising:
for each of the at least one target parameter, determining a distribution feature of normal parameter values of the target parameter in target duration when the wavelength division multiplexing board device normally runs and a distribution feature of abnormal parameter values of the target parameter in the target duration when the wavelength division multiplexing board device is faulty; and determining, from the at least one target parameter, the some or all target parameters used to warn of the fault parameter, wherein a difference between the distribution feature of the normal parameter values and the distribution feature of the abnormal parameter values that are of each of the determined some or all target parameters is greater than or equal to a preset standard value. 9. The method according to claim 7, after the determining at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the correlation, further comprising:
warning of the fault parameter by monitoring the some or all of the at least one target parameter. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the warning of the fault parameter by monitoring the some or all of the at least one target parameter comprises:
when it is detected that one or more of warning parameters are abnormal, outputting warning information, wherein the warning parameters are the some or all of the at least one target parameter, and the warning information is used to give a prompt that the fault parameter is to be abnormal. 11. An apparatus for locating a fault cause, comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer readable medium which contains computer-executable instructions; the processor is configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to enable the apparatus to perform operations comprising: obtaining parameter values of a plurality of running parameters and a parameter value of a fault parameter in preset duration before a wavelength division multiplexing board device is faulty, wherein the fault parameter is a parameter that is abnormal when the wavelength division multiplexing board device is faulty; determining a correlation between each of the plurality of running parameters and the fault parameter based on the parameter values of the plurality of running parameters and the parameter value of the fault parameter, wherein the correlation represents a correlation degree between a parameter value change of a running parameter and a parameter value change of a fault parameter; and determining at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the correlation, wherein a correlation between each of the at least one target parameter and the fault parameter is greater than a correlation between the fault parameter and a running parameter other than the at least one target parameter in the plurality of running parameters. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the correlation comprises a time correlation, the time correlation represents a correlation degree between a parameter value of a running parameter at a first moment and a parameter value of a fault parameter at a second moment, and the first moment is earlier than the second moment;
the determining a correlation between each running parameter and the fault parameter based on the parameter values of the plurality of running parameters and the parameter value of the fault parameter comprises: calculating a time correlation between a parameter value of each running parameter at the first moment and a parameter value of the fault parameter at the second moment; and the determining at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the correlation comprises: determining the at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the time correlation, wherein a time correlation between the at least one target parameter and the fault parameter is greater than a time correlation threshold. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the correlation further comprises a change correlation, and the change correlation represents dependence between a parameter value change of a running parameter and a parameter value change of a fault parameter;
the determining a correlation between each running parameter and the fault parameter based on the parameter values of the plurality of running parameters and the parameter value of the fault parameter further comprises: calculating a change correlation between each running parameter and the fault parameter; and the determining at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the correlation comprises: determining the at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on the value of the time correlation and a value of the change correlation, wherein the time correlation between the at least one target parameter and the fault parameter is greater than the time correlation threshold, and a change correlation between the at least one target parameter and the fault parameter is greater than a change correlation threshold. 14. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the correlation comprises a change correlation, and the change correlation represents dependence between a parameter value change of a running parameter and a parameter value change of a fault parameter;
the determining a correlation between each running parameter and the fault parameter based on the parameter values of the plurality of running parameters and the parameter value of the fault parameter comprises: calculating a change correlation between each running parameter and the fault parameter; and the determining at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the correlation comprises: determining the at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the change correlation, wherein a change correlation between the at least one target parameter and the fault parameter is greater than a change correlation threshold. 15. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the calculating a parameter value change correlation between each running parameter and the fault parameter comprises:
calculating a first change probability of each running parameter, a second change probability of the fault parameter, and a combined change probability of each running parameter and the fault parameter, wherein the first change probability represents a probability that a parameter value of a running parameter changes in the preset duration, the second change probability represents a probability that a parameter value of a fault parameter changes in the preset duration, and the combined change probability represents a probability that the parameter value of the running parameter and the parameter value of the fault parameter simultaneously change in the preset duration; and calculating the change correlation between each running parameter and the fault parameter based on the first change probability of each running parameter, the second change probability of the fault parameter, and the combined change probability of each running parameter and the fault parameter. 16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the calculating a first change probability of each running parameter, a second change probability of the fault parameter, and a combined change probability of each running parameter and the fault parameter comprises:
dividing the preset duration into at least two equal time periods; calculating a first parameter value change range of each running parameter in the preset duration and a second parameter value change range of each running parameter in each time period based on the parameter value of each running parameter; determining a ratio of the second parameter value change range of each running parameter in each time period to the first parameter value change range as a first time period change probability of each running parameter in each time period; calculating a third parameter value change range of the fault parameter in the preset duration and a fourth parameter value change range of the fault parameter in each time period based on the parameter value of the fault parameter; determining a ratio of the fourth parameter value change range of the fault parameter in each time period to the third parameter value change range as a second time period change probability of the fault parameter in each time period; and calculating the first change probability of each running parameter based on the first time period change probability of each running parameter in each time period, calculating the second change probability of the fault parameter based on the second time period change probability of the fault parameter in each time period, and calculating the combined change probability of each running parameter and the fault parameter based on the first time period change probability of each running parameter in each time period and the second time period change probability of the fault parameter in each time period. 17. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein some or all of the at least one target parameter are used to warn of the fault parameter. 18. The apparatus according to claim 17, after the determining at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the correlation, the processor is further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to enable the apparatus to perform an operation comprising:
for each of the at least one target parameter, determining a distribution feature of normal parameter values of the target parameter in target duration when the wavelength division multiplexing board device normally runs and a distribution feature of abnormal parameter values of the target parameter in the target duration when the wavelength division multiplexing board device is faulty; and determining, from the at least one target parameter, the some or all target parameters used to warn of the fault parameter, wherein a difference between the distribution feature of the normal parameter values and the distribution feature of the abnormal parameter values that are of each of the determined some or all target parameters is greater than or equal to a preset standard value. 19. The apparatus according to claim 17, after the determining at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the correlation, the processor is further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to enable the apparatus to perform an operation comprising:
warning of the fault parameter by monitoring the some or all of the at least one target parameter. 20. A computer readable storage medium, comprising an instruction, wherein when the instruction is run on a computer, the computer is enabled to perform operations comprising:
obtaining parameter values of a plurality of running parameters and a parameter value of a fault parameter in preset duration before a wavelength division multiplexing board device is faulty, wherein the fault parameter is a parameter that is abnormal when the wavelength division multiplexing board device is faulty; determining a correlation between each of the plurality of running parameters and the fault parameter based on the parameter values of the plurality of running parameters and the parameter value of the fault parameter, wherein the correlation represents a correlation degree between a parameter value change of a running parameter and a parameter value change of a fault parameter; and determining at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the correlation, wherein a correlation between each of the at least one target parameter and the fault parameter is greater than a correlation between the fault parameter and a running parameter other than the at least one target parameter in the plurality of running parameters. | A method and an apparatus for locating a fault cause are provided. The method includes: obtaining parameter values of a plurality of running parameters and a parameter value of a fault parameter in preset duration before a wavelength division multiplexing board device is faulty; determining a correlation between each of the plurality of running parameters and the fault parameter; and determining at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the correlation, where a correlation between each of the at least one target parameter and the fault parameter is greater than a correlation between the fault parameter and a running parameter other than the at least one target parameter in the plurality of running parameters. Accuracy of locating a fault cause can be improved in the embodiments of the present invention.1. A method for locating a fault cause, comprising:
obtaining parameter values of a plurality of running parameters and a parameter value of a fault parameter in preset duration before a wavelength division multiplexing board device is faulty, wherein the fault parameter is a parameter that is abnormal when the wavelength division multiplexing board device is faulty; determining a correlation between each of the plurality of running parameters and the fault parameter based on the parameter values of the plurality of running parameters and the parameter value of the fault parameter, wherein the correlation represents a correlation degree between a parameter value change of a running parameter and a parameter value change of a fault parameter; and determining at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the correlation, wherein a correlation between each of the at least one target parameter and the fault parameter is greater than a correlation between the fault parameter and a running parameter other than the at least one target parameter in the plurality of running parameters. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the correlation comprises a time correlation, the time correlation represents a correlation degree between a parameter value of a running parameter at a first moment and a parameter value of a fault parameter at a second moment, and the first moment is earlier than the second moment;
the determining a correlation between each running parameter and the fault parameter based on the parameter values of the plurality of running parameters and the parameter value of the fault parameter comprises: calculating a time correlation between a parameter value of each running parameter at the first moment and a parameter value of the fault parameter at the second moment; and the determining at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the correlation comprises: determining the at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the time correlation, wherein a time correlation between the at least one target parameter and the fault parameter is greater than a time correlation threshold. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the correlation further comprises a change correlation, and the change correlation represents dependence between a parameter value change of a running parameter and a parameter value change of a fault parameter;
the determining a correlation between each running parameter and the fault parameter based on the parameter values of the plurality of running parameters and the parameter value of the fault parameter further comprises: calculating a change correlation between each running parameter and the fault parameter; and the determining at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the correlation comprises: determining the at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on the value of the time correlation and a value of the change correlation, wherein the time correlation between the at least one target parameter and the fault parameter is greater than the time correlation threshold, and a change correlation between the at least one target parameter and the fault parameter is greater than a change correlation threshold. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the correlation comprises a change correlation, and the change correlation represents dependence between a parameter value change of a running parameter and a parameter value change of a fault parameter;
the determining a correlation between each running parameter and the fault parameter based on the parameter values of the plurality of running parameters and the parameter value of the fault parameter comprises: calculating a change correlation between each running parameter and the fault parameter; and the determining at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the correlation comprises: determining the at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the change correlation, wherein a change correlation between the at least one target parameter and the fault parameter is greater than a change correlation threshold. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the calculating a parameter value change correlation between each running parameter and the fault parameter comprises:
calculating a first change probability of each running parameter, a second change probability of the fault parameter, and a combined change probability of each running parameter and the fault parameter, wherein the first change probability represents a probability that a parameter value of a running parameter changes in the preset duration, the second change probability represents a probability that a parameter value of a fault parameter changes in the preset duration, and the combined change probability represents a probability that the parameter value of the running parameter and the parameter value of the fault parameter simultaneously change in the preset duration; and calculating the change correlation between each running parameter and the fault parameter based on the first change probability of each running parameter, the second change probability of the fault parameter, and the combined change probability of each running parameter and the fault parameter. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the calculating a first change probability of each running parameter, a second change probability of the fault parameter, and a combined change probability of each running parameter and the fault parameter comprises:
dividing the preset duration into at least two equal time periods; calculating a first parameter value change range of each running parameter in the preset duration and a second parameter value change range of each running parameter in each time period based on the parameter value of each running parameter; determining a ratio of the second parameter value change range of each running parameter in each time period to the first parameter value change range as a first time period change probability of each running parameter in each time period; calculating a third parameter value change range of the fault parameter in the preset duration and a fourth parameter value change range of the fault parameter in each time period based on the parameter value of the fault parameter; determining a ratio of the fourth parameter value change range of the fault parameter in each time period to the third parameter value change range as a second time period change probability of the fault parameter in each time period; and calculating the first change probability of each running parameter based on the first time period change probability of each running parameter in each time period, calculating the second change probability of the fault parameter based on the second time period change probability of the fault parameter in each time period, and calculating the combined change probability of each running parameter and the fault parameter based on the first time period change probability of each running parameter in each time period and the second time period change probability of the fault parameter in each time period. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein some or all of the at least one target parameter are used to warn of the fault parameter. 8. The method according to claim 7, after the determining at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the correlation, further comprising:
for each of the at least one target parameter, determining a distribution feature of normal parameter values of the target parameter in target duration when the wavelength division multiplexing board device normally runs and a distribution feature of abnormal parameter values of the target parameter in the target duration when the wavelength division multiplexing board device is faulty; and determining, from the at least one target parameter, the some or all target parameters used to warn of the fault parameter, wherein a difference between the distribution feature of the normal parameter values and the distribution feature of the abnormal parameter values that are of each of the determined some or all target parameters is greater than or equal to a preset standard value. 9. The method according to claim 7, after the determining at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the correlation, further comprising:
warning of the fault parameter by monitoring the some or all of the at least one target parameter. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the warning of the fault parameter by monitoring the some or all of the at least one target parameter comprises:
when it is detected that one or more of warning parameters are abnormal, outputting warning information, wherein the warning parameters are the some or all of the at least one target parameter, and the warning information is used to give a prompt that the fault parameter is to be abnormal. 11. An apparatus for locating a fault cause, comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer readable medium which contains computer-executable instructions; the processor is configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to enable the apparatus to perform operations comprising: obtaining parameter values of a plurality of running parameters and a parameter value of a fault parameter in preset duration before a wavelength division multiplexing board device is faulty, wherein the fault parameter is a parameter that is abnormal when the wavelength division multiplexing board device is faulty; determining a correlation between each of the plurality of running parameters and the fault parameter based on the parameter values of the plurality of running parameters and the parameter value of the fault parameter, wherein the correlation represents a correlation degree between a parameter value change of a running parameter and a parameter value change of a fault parameter; and determining at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the correlation, wherein a correlation between each of the at least one target parameter and the fault parameter is greater than a correlation between the fault parameter and a running parameter other than the at least one target parameter in the plurality of running parameters. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the correlation comprises a time correlation, the time correlation represents a correlation degree between a parameter value of a running parameter at a first moment and a parameter value of a fault parameter at a second moment, and the first moment is earlier than the second moment;
the determining a correlation between each running parameter and the fault parameter based on the parameter values of the plurality of running parameters and the parameter value of the fault parameter comprises: calculating a time correlation between a parameter value of each running parameter at the first moment and a parameter value of the fault parameter at the second moment; and the determining at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the correlation comprises: determining the at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the time correlation, wherein a time correlation between the at least one target parameter and the fault parameter is greater than a time correlation threshold. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the correlation further comprises a change correlation, and the change correlation represents dependence between a parameter value change of a running parameter and a parameter value change of a fault parameter;
the determining a correlation between each running parameter and the fault parameter based on the parameter values of the plurality of running parameters and the parameter value of the fault parameter further comprises: calculating a change correlation between each running parameter and the fault parameter; and the determining at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the correlation comprises: determining the at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on the value of the time correlation and a value of the change correlation, wherein the time correlation between the at least one target parameter and the fault parameter is greater than the time correlation threshold, and a change correlation between the at least one target parameter and the fault parameter is greater than a change correlation threshold. 14. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the correlation comprises a change correlation, and the change correlation represents dependence between a parameter value change of a running parameter and a parameter value change of a fault parameter;
the determining a correlation between each running parameter and the fault parameter based on the parameter values of the plurality of running parameters and the parameter value of the fault parameter comprises: calculating a change correlation between each running parameter and the fault parameter; and the determining at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the correlation comprises: determining the at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the change correlation, wherein a change correlation between the at least one target parameter and the fault parameter is greater than a change correlation threshold. 15. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the calculating a parameter value change correlation between each running parameter and the fault parameter comprises:
calculating a first change probability of each running parameter, a second change probability of the fault parameter, and a combined change probability of each running parameter and the fault parameter, wherein the first change probability represents a probability that a parameter value of a running parameter changes in the preset duration, the second change probability represents a probability that a parameter value of a fault parameter changes in the preset duration, and the combined change probability represents a probability that the parameter value of the running parameter and the parameter value of the fault parameter simultaneously change in the preset duration; and calculating the change correlation between each running parameter and the fault parameter based on the first change probability of each running parameter, the second change probability of the fault parameter, and the combined change probability of each running parameter and the fault parameter. 16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the calculating a first change probability of each running parameter, a second change probability of the fault parameter, and a combined change probability of each running parameter and the fault parameter comprises:
dividing the preset duration into at least two equal time periods; calculating a first parameter value change range of each running parameter in the preset duration and a second parameter value change range of each running parameter in each time period based on the parameter value of each running parameter; determining a ratio of the second parameter value change range of each running parameter in each time period to the first parameter value change range as a first time period change probability of each running parameter in each time period; calculating a third parameter value change range of the fault parameter in the preset duration and a fourth parameter value change range of the fault parameter in each time period based on the parameter value of the fault parameter; determining a ratio of the fourth parameter value change range of the fault parameter in each time period to the third parameter value change range as a second time period change probability of the fault parameter in each time period; and calculating the first change probability of each running parameter based on the first time period change probability of each running parameter in each time period, calculating the second change probability of the fault parameter based on the second time period change probability of the fault parameter in each time period, and calculating the combined change probability of each running parameter and the fault parameter based on the first time period change probability of each running parameter in each time period and the second time period change probability of the fault parameter in each time period. 17. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein some or all of the at least one target parameter are used to warn of the fault parameter. 18. The apparatus according to claim 17, after the determining at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the correlation, the processor is further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to enable the apparatus to perform an operation comprising:
for each of the at least one target parameter, determining a distribution feature of normal parameter values of the target parameter in target duration when the wavelength division multiplexing board device normally runs and a distribution feature of abnormal parameter values of the target parameter in the target duration when the wavelength division multiplexing board device is faulty; and determining, from the at least one target parameter, the some or all target parameters used to warn of the fault parameter, wherein a difference between the distribution feature of the normal parameter values and the distribution feature of the abnormal parameter values that are of each of the determined some or all target parameters is greater than or equal to a preset standard value. 19. The apparatus according to claim 17, after the determining at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the correlation, the processor is further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to enable the apparatus to perform an operation comprising:
warning of the fault parameter by monitoring the some or all of the at least one target parameter. 20. A computer readable storage medium, comprising an instruction, wherein when the instruction is run on a computer, the computer is enabled to perform operations comprising:
obtaining parameter values of a plurality of running parameters and a parameter value of a fault parameter in preset duration before a wavelength division multiplexing board device is faulty, wherein the fault parameter is a parameter that is abnormal when the wavelength division multiplexing board device is faulty; determining a correlation between each of the plurality of running parameters and the fault parameter based on the parameter values of the plurality of running parameters and the parameter value of the fault parameter, wherein the correlation represents a correlation degree between a parameter value change of a running parameter and a parameter value change of a fault parameter; and determining at least one target parameter from the plurality of running parameters based on a value of the correlation, wherein a correlation between each of the at least one target parameter and the fault parameter is greater than a correlation between the fault parameter and a running parameter other than the at least one target parameter in the plurality of running parameters. | 3,600 |
346,761 | 16,805,199 | 3,632 | Methods, devices, and systems related to a user interface for modifying pictures are described. Modifying pictures can include placing an image of a picture in a different picture, replacing an image of the picture with a different image, deleting an image from the picture, and/or storing an image from the picture. In an example, a method can include displaying a first picture on a user interface of a mobile device, receiving, on the user interface, a selection of at least one foreground image included in the first picture, receiving, on the user interface, a selection of a background image included in a library of images, and displaying, on a user interface, a second picture including the at least one selected foreground image and the selected background image responsive to receiving the selection of the at least one foreground image followed by the selection of the background image. | 1. A method, comprising:
displaying a first picture on a user interface of a mobile device; receiving, on the user interface, a selection of at least one foreground image included in the first picture; receiving, on the user interface, a selection of a background image included in a library of images; and displaying, on the user interface, a second picture including the at least one selected foreground image and the selected background image responsive to receiving the selection of the at least one foreground image followed by the selection of the background image. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing the second picture in memory on the mobile device responsive to receiving a selection of a save icon while the second picture is being displayed on the user interface. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying the first picture with the at least one selected foreground image outlined on the user interface responsive to receiving the selection of the at least one foreground image. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a boundary of the at least one foreground image responsive to performing an artificial intelligence (AI) operation. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a boundary of the background image responsive to performing an artificial intelligence (AI) operation. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying a third picture on the user interface; receiving, on the user interface, a selection of the background image included in the third picture; and storing the background image in the library of images responsive to receiving the selection of the background image followed by a selection of a save icon on the user interface. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying at least one image from the library of images on the user interface while displaying the first picture on the user interface. 8. An apparatus, comprising:
a user interface; a memory; and a processor configured to execute executable instructions stored in the memory to:
display a first picture on a user interface of a mobile device;
receive, on the user interface, a selection of at least one foreground image of one or more foreground images included in the first picture;
receive, on the user interface, a selection of a delete icon; and
display a second picture on the user interface of the mobile device responsive to receiving the selection of the at least one foreground image followed by the selection of the delete icon, wherein the second picture is the first picture without the at least one selected foreground image. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, the processor further configured to execute instructions stored in the memory to:
classify the one or more foreground images as familiar or unfamiliar responsive to displaying the first picture on the user interface. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, the processor further configured to execute instructions stored in the memory to:
outline the one or more foreground images classified as unfamiliar in the first picture responsive to classifying the one or more foreground images. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, the processor further configured to execute instructions stored in the memory to:
perform artificial intelligence (AI) operations to classify the one or more foreground images as familiar or unfamiliar. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, the processor further configured to execute instructions stored in the memory to:
perform the AI operations to classify the one or more foreground images as familiar or unfamiliar using image data stored in the memory. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the image data includes previously captured pictures. 14. A system, comprising:
a user interface; a memory; and a processor configured to execute executable instructions stored in the memory to:
display a first picture on the user interface;
receive, on the user interface, a selection of a first foreground image included in the first picture;
receive, on the user interface, a selection of a second picture;
display the second picture in place of the first picture on the user interface responsive to receiving the selection of the second picture;
receive, on the user interface, a selection of a second foreground image included in the second picture; and
display a third picture on the user interface responsive to receiving the selection of the first foreground image followed by the selection of the second foreground image, wherein the third picture is the first picture with the first foreground image replaced by the second foreground image. 15. The system of claim 14, further comprising:
a camera, wherein the first picture is captured by the camera. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the first foreground image is an object, an animal, or a person. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the second foreground image is an object, an animal, or a person. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the executable instructions stored in the memory to:
capture the first picture responsive to receiving on the user interface a selection of a capture icon while displaying the first picture. 19. The system of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the executable instructions stored in the memory to:
capture the second picture responsive to receiving on the user interface a selection of a capture icon while displaying the second picture. 20. The system of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the executable instructions stored in the memory to:
store the third picture in the memory responsive to receiving a selection of a save icon while displaying the third picture. | Methods, devices, and systems related to a user interface for modifying pictures are described. Modifying pictures can include placing an image of a picture in a different picture, replacing an image of the picture with a different image, deleting an image from the picture, and/or storing an image from the picture. In an example, a method can include displaying a first picture on a user interface of a mobile device, receiving, on the user interface, a selection of at least one foreground image included in the first picture, receiving, on the user interface, a selection of a background image included in a library of images, and displaying, on a user interface, a second picture including the at least one selected foreground image and the selected background image responsive to receiving the selection of the at least one foreground image followed by the selection of the background image.1. A method, comprising:
displaying a first picture on a user interface of a mobile device; receiving, on the user interface, a selection of at least one foreground image included in the first picture; receiving, on the user interface, a selection of a background image included in a library of images; and displaying, on the user interface, a second picture including the at least one selected foreground image and the selected background image responsive to receiving the selection of the at least one foreground image followed by the selection of the background image. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing the second picture in memory on the mobile device responsive to receiving a selection of a save icon while the second picture is being displayed on the user interface. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying the first picture with the at least one selected foreground image outlined on the user interface responsive to receiving the selection of the at least one foreground image. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a boundary of the at least one foreground image responsive to performing an artificial intelligence (AI) operation. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a boundary of the background image responsive to performing an artificial intelligence (AI) operation. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying a third picture on the user interface; receiving, on the user interface, a selection of the background image included in the third picture; and storing the background image in the library of images responsive to receiving the selection of the background image followed by a selection of a save icon on the user interface. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying at least one image from the library of images on the user interface while displaying the first picture on the user interface. 8. An apparatus, comprising:
a user interface; a memory; and a processor configured to execute executable instructions stored in the memory to:
display a first picture on a user interface of a mobile device;
receive, on the user interface, a selection of at least one foreground image of one or more foreground images included in the first picture;
receive, on the user interface, a selection of a delete icon; and
display a second picture on the user interface of the mobile device responsive to receiving the selection of the at least one foreground image followed by the selection of the delete icon, wherein the second picture is the first picture without the at least one selected foreground image. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, the processor further configured to execute instructions stored in the memory to:
classify the one or more foreground images as familiar or unfamiliar responsive to displaying the first picture on the user interface. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, the processor further configured to execute instructions stored in the memory to:
outline the one or more foreground images classified as unfamiliar in the first picture responsive to classifying the one or more foreground images. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, the processor further configured to execute instructions stored in the memory to:
perform artificial intelligence (AI) operations to classify the one or more foreground images as familiar or unfamiliar. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, the processor further configured to execute instructions stored in the memory to:
perform the AI operations to classify the one or more foreground images as familiar or unfamiliar using image data stored in the memory. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the image data includes previously captured pictures. 14. A system, comprising:
a user interface; a memory; and a processor configured to execute executable instructions stored in the memory to:
display a first picture on the user interface;
receive, on the user interface, a selection of a first foreground image included in the first picture;
receive, on the user interface, a selection of a second picture;
display the second picture in place of the first picture on the user interface responsive to receiving the selection of the second picture;
receive, on the user interface, a selection of a second foreground image included in the second picture; and
display a third picture on the user interface responsive to receiving the selection of the first foreground image followed by the selection of the second foreground image, wherein the third picture is the first picture with the first foreground image replaced by the second foreground image. 15. The system of claim 14, further comprising:
a camera, wherein the first picture is captured by the camera. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the first foreground image is an object, an animal, or a person. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the second foreground image is an object, an animal, or a person. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the executable instructions stored in the memory to:
capture the first picture responsive to receiving on the user interface a selection of a capture icon while displaying the first picture. 19. The system of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the executable instructions stored in the memory to:
capture the second picture responsive to receiving on the user interface a selection of a capture icon while displaying the second picture. 20. The system of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the executable instructions stored in the memory to:
store the third picture in the memory responsive to receiving a selection of a save icon while displaying the third picture. | 3,600 |
346,762 | 16,805,223 | 3,632 | The present invention involves a novel aqueous iron composition. The aqueous iron composition includes iron sucrose and bicarbonate. The aqueous iron composition of the invention exhibits enhanced renal protective effects relative to conventional iron sucrose compositions. | 1. An aqueous iron composition comprising:
iron sucrose; and bicarbonate. 2. The aqueous iron composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a pH greater than 9. 3. The aqueous iron composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition has a pH ranging from about 10.5 to about 11.5. 4. The aqueous iron composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition has a specific gravity between 1.135 and 1.165 at 20° C. 5. The aqueous iron composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition has a Mw according to GPC of between 30,000 and 40,000 Daltons 6. The aqueous iron composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition has a Mw according to GPC of between 33,000 and 38,000 Daltons. 7. The aqueous iron composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition has a maximum concentration of iron (II) of 0.40% w/v. 8. The aqueous iron composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition has a concentration of iron (II) of 0.05% w/v to 0.40% w/v. 9. The aqueous iron composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition has a concentration of iron (II) of 0.10% w/v to 0.20% w/v. 10. A method for prevention or treatment of a kidney disease or disorder comprising intravenously administering an aqueous iron composition in a therapeutically effective amount, wherein the aqueous iron composition comprises iron sucrose and bicarbonate. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the composition has a pH greater than 9. 12. The method of claims 10-11, wherein the composition has a pH ranging from about 10.5 to about 11.5. 13. The method of claims 10-12, wherein the composition has a specific gravity between 1.135 and 1.165 at 20° C. 14. The method of claims 10-13, wherein the composition has a Mw according to GPC of between 30,000 and 40,000 Daltons. 15. The method of claims 10-13, wherein the composition has a Mw according to GPC of between 33,000 and 38,000 Daltons. 16. The method of claims 10-15, wherein the composition has a maximum concentration of iron (II) of 0.40% w/v. 17. The method of claims 10-16, wherein the composition has a concentration of iron (II) of 0.05% w/v to 0.40% w/v. 18. The method of claims 10-17, wherein the composition has a concentration of iron (II) of 0.10% w/v to 0.20% w/v. 19. The method of claims 10-18, wherein the method further comprises administering a protoporphyrin. 20. The method of claims 10-19, wherein the method further comprises administering tin protoporphyrin. 21. The method of claims 10-20, wherein the disease or disorder is chronic kidney disease. 22. The method of claims 10-20, wherein the disease or disorder is organ transplant rejection. 23. The method of claims 10-20, wherein the disease or disorder is iron deficiency. 24. An aqueous iron pharmaceutical composition comprising:
iron sucrose; bicarbonate; and a pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous carrier, 25. The aqueous iron composition of claim 24, wherein the composition has a specific gravity between 1.135 and 1.165 at 20° C. 26. The aqueous iron composition of any of claims 24-25, wherein the Mw according to GPC is between 33,000 and 38,000 Daltons. 27. The aqueous iron composition of any of claims 24-26, wherein the composition has a maximum concentration of iron (II) of 0.40% w/v. 28. The aqueous iron composition of any of claims 24-27, wherein the composition has a concentration of iron (II) of 0.05% w/v to 0.40% w/v. 29. The aqueous iron composition of any of claims 24-27, wherein the composition has a concentration of iron (II) of 0.10% w/v to 0.20% w/v. | The present invention involves a novel aqueous iron composition. The aqueous iron composition includes iron sucrose and bicarbonate. The aqueous iron composition of the invention exhibits enhanced renal protective effects relative to conventional iron sucrose compositions.1. An aqueous iron composition comprising:
iron sucrose; and bicarbonate. 2. The aqueous iron composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a pH greater than 9. 3. The aqueous iron composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition has a pH ranging from about 10.5 to about 11.5. 4. The aqueous iron composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition has a specific gravity between 1.135 and 1.165 at 20° C. 5. The aqueous iron composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition has a Mw according to GPC of between 30,000 and 40,000 Daltons 6. The aqueous iron composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition has a Mw according to GPC of between 33,000 and 38,000 Daltons. 7. The aqueous iron composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition has a maximum concentration of iron (II) of 0.40% w/v. 8. The aqueous iron composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition has a concentration of iron (II) of 0.05% w/v to 0.40% w/v. 9. The aqueous iron composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition has a concentration of iron (II) of 0.10% w/v to 0.20% w/v. 10. A method for prevention or treatment of a kidney disease or disorder comprising intravenously administering an aqueous iron composition in a therapeutically effective amount, wherein the aqueous iron composition comprises iron sucrose and bicarbonate. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the composition has a pH greater than 9. 12. The method of claims 10-11, wherein the composition has a pH ranging from about 10.5 to about 11.5. 13. The method of claims 10-12, wherein the composition has a specific gravity between 1.135 and 1.165 at 20° C. 14. The method of claims 10-13, wherein the composition has a Mw according to GPC of between 30,000 and 40,000 Daltons. 15. The method of claims 10-13, wherein the composition has a Mw according to GPC of between 33,000 and 38,000 Daltons. 16. The method of claims 10-15, wherein the composition has a maximum concentration of iron (II) of 0.40% w/v. 17. The method of claims 10-16, wherein the composition has a concentration of iron (II) of 0.05% w/v to 0.40% w/v. 18. The method of claims 10-17, wherein the composition has a concentration of iron (II) of 0.10% w/v to 0.20% w/v. 19. The method of claims 10-18, wherein the method further comprises administering a protoporphyrin. 20. The method of claims 10-19, wherein the method further comprises administering tin protoporphyrin. 21. The method of claims 10-20, wherein the disease or disorder is chronic kidney disease. 22. The method of claims 10-20, wherein the disease or disorder is organ transplant rejection. 23. The method of claims 10-20, wherein the disease or disorder is iron deficiency. 24. An aqueous iron pharmaceutical composition comprising:
iron sucrose; bicarbonate; and a pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous carrier, 25. The aqueous iron composition of claim 24, wherein the composition has a specific gravity between 1.135 and 1.165 at 20° C. 26. The aqueous iron composition of any of claims 24-25, wherein the Mw according to GPC is between 33,000 and 38,000 Daltons. 27. The aqueous iron composition of any of claims 24-26, wherein the composition has a maximum concentration of iron (II) of 0.40% w/v. 28. The aqueous iron composition of any of claims 24-27, wherein the composition has a concentration of iron (II) of 0.05% w/v to 0.40% w/v. 29. The aqueous iron composition of any of claims 24-27, wherein the composition has a concentration of iron (II) of 0.10% w/v to 0.20% w/v. | 3,600 |
346,763 | 16,805,215 | 3,632 | The present disclosure provides a method of generating codebook in a wireless communication system with multiple antenna arrays, as well as a wireless communication system, base station and terminal using the codebook for communication. The method comprises steps of: providing a basic codebook which contains multiple pre-coding matrices; and assigning phase offsets to certain pre-coding matrices in the basic codebook to form a codebook with phase offset. The feedback overhead from a client to a base station side is reduced and a good precision of feedback for multi-antenna array is kept by applying the method of generating codebook and using the generated codebook in the wireless communication system, base station and terminal. | 1. A communication apparatus comprising:
circuitry which, in operation, stores a plurality of extended precoding matrices; and a transmitter which, in operation, transmits control information including a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) that identifies an extended precoding matrix selected from the plurality of extended precoding matrices; wherein the extended precoding matrix is generated by combining a first precoding matrix (wm) and a second precoding matrix, the first precoding matrix (wm) including four elements having m times 2π/32 of a phase difference between each element, and the second precoding matrix being generated by multiplexing the first precoding matrix with a phase offset, wherein m is an integer. 2. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein phases of each element of the first precoding matrix (wm) are 0, 2π/32×m, 4π/32×m and 6π/32×m. 3. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first precoding matrix (wm) is selected from 32 precoding matrices. 4. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the extended precoding matrix includes a matrix having a size of 1 by 8. 5. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the phase offset is selected from 0, π/2, π and 3π/2. 6. A communication method comprising:
storing a plurality of extended precoding matrices; transmitting control information including a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) that identifies an extended precoding matrix selected from the plurality of extended precoding matrices; wherein the extended precoding matrix is generated by combining a first precoding matrix (wm) and a second precoding matrix, the first precoding matrix (wm) including four elements having m times 2π/32 of a phase difference between each element, and the second precoding matrix being generated by multiplexing the first precoding matrix with a phase offset, wherein m is an integer. 7. The communication method according to claim 6, wherein phases of each element of the first precoding matrix (wm) are 0, 2π/32×m, 4π/32×m and 6π/32×m. 8. The communication method according to claim 6, wherein the first precoding matrix (wm) is selected from 32 precoding matrixes. 9. The communication method according to claim 6, wherein the extended precoding matrix includes a matrix having a size of 1 by 8. 10. The communication method according to claim 6, wherein the phase offset is selected from 0, π/2, it and 3π/2. | The present disclosure provides a method of generating codebook in a wireless communication system with multiple antenna arrays, as well as a wireless communication system, base station and terminal using the codebook for communication. The method comprises steps of: providing a basic codebook which contains multiple pre-coding matrices; and assigning phase offsets to certain pre-coding matrices in the basic codebook to form a codebook with phase offset. The feedback overhead from a client to a base station side is reduced and a good precision of feedback for multi-antenna array is kept by applying the method of generating codebook and using the generated codebook in the wireless communication system, base station and terminal.1. A communication apparatus comprising:
circuitry which, in operation, stores a plurality of extended precoding matrices; and a transmitter which, in operation, transmits control information including a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) that identifies an extended precoding matrix selected from the plurality of extended precoding matrices; wherein the extended precoding matrix is generated by combining a first precoding matrix (wm) and a second precoding matrix, the first precoding matrix (wm) including four elements having m times 2π/32 of a phase difference between each element, and the second precoding matrix being generated by multiplexing the first precoding matrix with a phase offset, wherein m is an integer. 2. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein phases of each element of the first precoding matrix (wm) are 0, 2π/32×m, 4π/32×m and 6π/32×m. 3. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first precoding matrix (wm) is selected from 32 precoding matrices. 4. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the extended precoding matrix includes a matrix having a size of 1 by 8. 5. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the phase offset is selected from 0, π/2, π and 3π/2. 6. A communication method comprising:
storing a plurality of extended precoding matrices; transmitting control information including a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) that identifies an extended precoding matrix selected from the plurality of extended precoding matrices; wherein the extended precoding matrix is generated by combining a first precoding matrix (wm) and a second precoding matrix, the first precoding matrix (wm) including four elements having m times 2π/32 of a phase difference between each element, and the second precoding matrix being generated by multiplexing the first precoding matrix with a phase offset, wherein m is an integer. 7. The communication method according to claim 6, wherein phases of each element of the first precoding matrix (wm) are 0, 2π/32×m, 4π/32×m and 6π/32×m. 8. The communication method according to claim 6, wherein the first precoding matrix (wm) is selected from 32 precoding matrixes. 9. The communication method according to claim 6, wherein the extended precoding matrix includes a matrix having a size of 1 by 8. 10. The communication method according to claim 6, wherein the phase offset is selected from 0, π/2, it and 3π/2. | 3,600 |
346,764 | 16,805,241 | 3,632 | The present disclosure provides a method of generating codebook in a wireless communication system with multiple antenna arrays, as well as a wireless communication system, base station and terminal using the codebook for communication. The method comprises steps of: providing a basic codebook which contains multiple pre-coding matrices; and assigning phase offsets to certain pre-coding matrices in the basic codebook to form a codebook with phase offset. The feedback overhead from a client to a base station side is reduced and a good precision of feedback for multi-antenna array is kept by applying the method of generating codebook and using the generated codebook in the wireless communication system, base station and terminal. | 1. A communication apparatus comprising:
circuitry which, in operation, stores a plurality of extended precoding matrices; and a transmitter which, in operation, transmits control information including a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) that identifies an extended precoding matrix selected from the plurality of extended precoding matrices; wherein the extended precoding matrix is generated by combining a first precoding matrix (wm) and a second precoding matrix, the first precoding matrix (wm) including four elements having m times 2π/32 of a phase difference between each element, and the second precoding matrix being generated by multiplexing the first precoding matrix with a phase offset, wherein m is an integer. 2. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein phases of each element of the first precoding matrix (wm) are 0, 2π/32×m, 4π/32×m and 6π/32×m. 3. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first precoding matrix (wm) is selected from 32 precoding matrices. 4. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the extended precoding matrix includes a matrix having a size of 1 by 8. 5. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the phase offset is selected from 0, π/2, π and 3π/2. 6. A communication method comprising:
storing a plurality of extended precoding matrices; transmitting control information including a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) that identifies an extended precoding matrix selected from the plurality of extended precoding matrices; wherein the extended precoding matrix is generated by combining a first precoding matrix (wm) and a second precoding matrix, the first precoding matrix (wm) including four elements having m times 2π/32 of a phase difference between each element, and the second precoding matrix being generated by multiplexing the first precoding matrix with a phase offset, wherein m is an integer. 7. The communication method according to claim 6, wherein phases of each element of the first precoding matrix (wm) are 0, 2π/32×m, 4π/32×m and 6π/32×m. 8. The communication method according to claim 6, wherein the first precoding matrix (wm) is selected from 32 precoding matrixes. 9. The communication method according to claim 6, wherein the extended precoding matrix includes a matrix having a size of 1 by 8. 10. The communication method according to claim 6, wherein the phase offset is selected from 0, π/2, it and 3π/2. | The present disclosure provides a method of generating codebook in a wireless communication system with multiple antenna arrays, as well as a wireless communication system, base station and terminal using the codebook for communication. The method comprises steps of: providing a basic codebook which contains multiple pre-coding matrices; and assigning phase offsets to certain pre-coding matrices in the basic codebook to form a codebook with phase offset. The feedback overhead from a client to a base station side is reduced and a good precision of feedback for multi-antenna array is kept by applying the method of generating codebook and using the generated codebook in the wireless communication system, base station and terminal.1. A communication apparatus comprising:
circuitry which, in operation, stores a plurality of extended precoding matrices; and a transmitter which, in operation, transmits control information including a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) that identifies an extended precoding matrix selected from the plurality of extended precoding matrices; wherein the extended precoding matrix is generated by combining a first precoding matrix (wm) and a second precoding matrix, the first precoding matrix (wm) including four elements having m times 2π/32 of a phase difference between each element, and the second precoding matrix being generated by multiplexing the first precoding matrix with a phase offset, wherein m is an integer. 2. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein phases of each element of the first precoding matrix (wm) are 0, 2π/32×m, 4π/32×m and 6π/32×m. 3. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first precoding matrix (wm) is selected from 32 precoding matrices. 4. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the extended precoding matrix includes a matrix having a size of 1 by 8. 5. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the phase offset is selected from 0, π/2, π and 3π/2. 6. A communication method comprising:
storing a plurality of extended precoding matrices; transmitting control information including a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) that identifies an extended precoding matrix selected from the plurality of extended precoding matrices; wherein the extended precoding matrix is generated by combining a first precoding matrix (wm) and a second precoding matrix, the first precoding matrix (wm) including four elements having m times 2π/32 of a phase difference between each element, and the second precoding matrix being generated by multiplexing the first precoding matrix with a phase offset, wherein m is an integer. 7. The communication method according to claim 6, wherein phases of each element of the first precoding matrix (wm) are 0, 2π/32×m, 4π/32×m and 6π/32×m. 8. The communication method according to claim 6, wherein the first precoding matrix (wm) is selected from 32 precoding matrixes. 9. The communication method according to claim 6, wherein the extended precoding matrix includes a matrix having a size of 1 by 8. 10. The communication method according to claim 6, wherein the phase offset is selected from 0, π/2, it and 3π/2. | 3,600 |
346,765 | 16,805,239 | 3,632 | A semiconductor device in an embodiment includes a first chip on a substrate and a second chip adhered to a first region of the first chip using a first adhesive layer. The second chip is positioned so a second region of the first semiconductor is not overlapped. The first adhesive layer covers a lower surface of the second chip but not the second region. A third chip is adhered to a third region of the second chip with a second adhesive layer. The third chip is positioned so a fourth region of the second chip is not overlapped. The second adhesive layer covers a lower surface of the third chip but not the fourth region. An end of the second adhesive layer is above the second region, but not contacting. A coating covers the fourth region and the ends of the second adhesive layer and third chip. | 1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a wiring substrate; a first semiconductor chip on the wiring substrate; a second semiconductor chip adhered to a first region of an upper surface of the first semiconductor chip with a first adhesive layer, the second semiconductor chip being positioned such that a second region of the upper surface of the first semiconductor is not overlapped by the second semiconductor chip, the first adhesive layer covering a lower surface of the second semiconductor chip but not the second region; a third semiconductor chip adhered to a third region of an upper surface of the second semiconductor chip with a second adhesive layer, the third semiconductor chip being positioned such that a fourth region of the upper surface of the second semiconductor chip is not overlapped by the third semiconductor chip, the second adhesive layer covering a lower surface of the third semiconductor chip but not the fourth region, an end portion of the second adhesive layer being above the second region, but not contacting the second region; and a coating covering the fourth region, an end surface of the second adhesive layer adjacent to the fourth region, and an end surface of the third semiconductor chip adjacent to the end surface of the second adhesive layer. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the coating is a thermosetting resin. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the coating has a thermal expansion coefficient equivalent to a thermal expansion coefficient of the second adhesive layer. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the coating has a surface that extends from the end surface of the third semiconductor chip to an outer edge of the fourth region. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a fourth semiconductor chip adhered to an upper surface third semiconductor chip with a third adhesive layer. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a bonding wire extending from the third region to the second region, a portion of the bonding wire being embedded in the second adhesive layer. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a sealing resin covering the first, second, and third semiconductor chips, the coating, and an upper surface of the wiring substrate. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the second adhesive layer is thicker than the first adhesive layer. 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the first adhesive layer is a die attached film. 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the second adhesive layer is a film-on-wire layer. 11. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the coating is a potting resin. 12. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first bonding wire extending from the third region to the second region, a portion of the bonding wire being embedded in the second adhesive layer; a second bonding wire extending from the second region to the wiring substrate; and a sealing resin covering the first, second, and third semiconductor chips, the coating, the first bonding wire, the second bonding wire, and an upper surface of the wiring substrate. 13. The semiconductor device according to claim 12, wherein
the second adhesive layer is thicker than the first adhesive layer, the coating has a thermal expansion coefficient equivalent to a thermal expansion coefficient of the second adhesive layer, and the coating has a surface that extends from the end surface of the third semiconductor chip to an outer edge of the fourth region. 14. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first, second, and third semiconductor chips is a NAND flash memory chip. 15. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a wiring substrate having a first surface; a first semiconductor chip spaced from the first surface in a first direction orthogonal to the first surface; a second semiconductor chip adhered to a first region of a second surface of the first semiconductor chip with a first adhesive layer, the second semiconductor chip being positioned such that a second region of the second surface is not overlapped in the first direction by the second semiconductor chip, the first adhesive layer covering a third surface of the second semiconductor chip facing towards the wiring substrate; a third semiconductor chip adhered to a third region of a fourth surface of the second semiconductor chip with a second adhesive layer, the fourth surface facing away from the wiring substrate, the third semiconductor chip being positioned such that a fourth region of the fourth surface is not overlapped by the third semiconductor chip in the first direction, the second adhesive layer covering a fifth surface of the third semiconductor chip facing towards the wiring substrate but not the fourth region, an end portion of the second adhesive layer in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction is spaced from the second region in the first direction; and a coating covering the fourth region, an end surface of the second adhesive layer adjacent to the fourth region in the second direction, and an end surface of the third semiconductor chip adjacent to the end surface of the second adhesive layer in the first direction. 16. The semiconductor device according to claim 15, wherein the second adhesive layer is thicker in the first direction than the first adhesive layer. 17. The semiconductor device according to claim 15, wherein the coating has a thermal expansion coefficient equivalent to a thermal expansion coefficient of the second adhesive layer. 18. The semiconductor device according to claim 15, further comprising:
a bonding wire extending from the third region to the second region, a portion of the bonding wire extending through the second adhesive layer; and a sealing resin covering the first, second, and third semiconductor chips, the coating, the bonding wire, and the first surface of the wiring substrate. 19. A method of making a semiconductor device, comprising:
placing a first semiconductor chip on a wiring substrate; adhering a second semiconductor chip to a first region of an upper surface of the first semiconductor chip with a first adhesive layer, the second semiconductor chip being positioned such that a second region of the upper surface of the first semiconductor is not overlapped by the second semiconductor chip, wherein the first adhesive layer covers a lower surface of the second semiconductor chip but not the second region; adhering a third semiconductor chip to a third region of an upper surface of the second semiconductor chip with a second adhesive layer, the third semiconductor chip being positioned such that a fourth region of the upper surface of the second semiconductor chip is not overlapped by the third semiconductor chip, wherein the second adhesive layer covers a lower surface of the third semiconductor chip but not the fourth region, an end portion of the second adhesive layer is above the second region but not contacting the second region; and forming a coating covering the fourth region, an end surface of the second adhesive layer adjacent to the fourth region, and an end surface of the third semiconductor chip adjacent to the end surface of the second adhesive layer. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the coating is formed by a potting method. | A semiconductor device in an embodiment includes a first chip on a substrate and a second chip adhered to a first region of the first chip using a first adhesive layer. The second chip is positioned so a second region of the first semiconductor is not overlapped. The first adhesive layer covers a lower surface of the second chip but not the second region. A third chip is adhered to a third region of the second chip with a second adhesive layer. The third chip is positioned so a fourth region of the second chip is not overlapped. The second adhesive layer covers a lower surface of the third chip but not the fourth region. An end of the second adhesive layer is above the second region, but not contacting. A coating covers the fourth region and the ends of the second adhesive layer and third chip.1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a wiring substrate; a first semiconductor chip on the wiring substrate; a second semiconductor chip adhered to a first region of an upper surface of the first semiconductor chip with a first adhesive layer, the second semiconductor chip being positioned such that a second region of the upper surface of the first semiconductor is not overlapped by the second semiconductor chip, the first adhesive layer covering a lower surface of the second semiconductor chip but not the second region; a third semiconductor chip adhered to a third region of an upper surface of the second semiconductor chip with a second adhesive layer, the third semiconductor chip being positioned such that a fourth region of the upper surface of the second semiconductor chip is not overlapped by the third semiconductor chip, the second adhesive layer covering a lower surface of the third semiconductor chip but not the fourth region, an end portion of the second adhesive layer being above the second region, but not contacting the second region; and a coating covering the fourth region, an end surface of the second adhesive layer adjacent to the fourth region, and an end surface of the third semiconductor chip adjacent to the end surface of the second adhesive layer. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the coating is a thermosetting resin. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the coating has a thermal expansion coefficient equivalent to a thermal expansion coefficient of the second adhesive layer. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the coating has a surface that extends from the end surface of the third semiconductor chip to an outer edge of the fourth region. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a fourth semiconductor chip adhered to an upper surface third semiconductor chip with a third adhesive layer. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a bonding wire extending from the third region to the second region, a portion of the bonding wire being embedded in the second adhesive layer. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a sealing resin covering the first, second, and third semiconductor chips, the coating, and an upper surface of the wiring substrate. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the second adhesive layer is thicker than the first adhesive layer. 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the first adhesive layer is a die attached film. 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the second adhesive layer is a film-on-wire layer. 11. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the coating is a potting resin. 12. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first bonding wire extending from the third region to the second region, a portion of the bonding wire being embedded in the second adhesive layer; a second bonding wire extending from the second region to the wiring substrate; and a sealing resin covering the first, second, and third semiconductor chips, the coating, the first bonding wire, the second bonding wire, and an upper surface of the wiring substrate. 13. The semiconductor device according to claim 12, wherein
the second adhesive layer is thicker than the first adhesive layer, the coating has a thermal expansion coefficient equivalent to a thermal expansion coefficient of the second adhesive layer, and the coating has a surface that extends from the end surface of the third semiconductor chip to an outer edge of the fourth region. 14. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first, second, and third semiconductor chips is a NAND flash memory chip. 15. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a wiring substrate having a first surface; a first semiconductor chip spaced from the first surface in a first direction orthogonal to the first surface; a second semiconductor chip adhered to a first region of a second surface of the first semiconductor chip with a first adhesive layer, the second semiconductor chip being positioned such that a second region of the second surface is not overlapped in the first direction by the second semiconductor chip, the first adhesive layer covering a third surface of the second semiconductor chip facing towards the wiring substrate; a third semiconductor chip adhered to a third region of a fourth surface of the second semiconductor chip with a second adhesive layer, the fourth surface facing away from the wiring substrate, the third semiconductor chip being positioned such that a fourth region of the fourth surface is not overlapped by the third semiconductor chip in the first direction, the second adhesive layer covering a fifth surface of the third semiconductor chip facing towards the wiring substrate but not the fourth region, an end portion of the second adhesive layer in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction is spaced from the second region in the first direction; and a coating covering the fourth region, an end surface of the second adhesive layer adjacent to the fourth region in the second direction, and an end surface of the third semiconductor chip adjacent to the end surface of the second adhesive layer in the first direction. 16. The semiconductor device according to claim 15, wherein the second adhesive layer is thicker in the first direction than the first adhesive layer. 17. The semiconductor device according to claim 15, wherein the coating has a thermal expansion coefficient equivalent to a thermal expansion coefficient of the second adhesive layer. 18. The semiconductor device according to claim 15, further comprising:
a bonding wire extending from the third region to the second region, a portion of the bonding wire extending through the second adhesive layer; and a sealing resin covering the first, second, and third semiconductor chips, the coating, the bonding wire, and the first surface of the wiring substrate. 19. A method of making a semiconductor device, comprising:
placing a first semiconductor chip on a wiring substrate; adhering a second semiconductor chip to a first region of an upper surface of the first semiconductor chip with a first adhesive layer, the second semiconductor chip being positioned such that a second region of the upper surface of the first semiconductor is not overlapped by the second semiconductor chip, wherein the first adhesive layer covers a lower surface of the second semiconductor chip but not the second region; adhering a third semiconductor chip to a third region of an upper surface of the second semiconductor chip with a second adhesive layer, the third semiconductor chip being positioned such that a fourth region of the upper surface of the second semiconductor chip is not overlapped by the third semiconductor chip, wherein the second adhesive layer covers a lower surface of the third semiconductor chip but not the fourth region, an end portion of the second adhesive layer is above the second region but not contacting the second region; and forming a coating covering the fourth region, an end surface of the second adhesive layer adjacent to the fourth region, and an end surface of the third semiconductor chip adjacent to the end surface of the second adhesive layer. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the coating is formed by a potting method. | 3,600 |
346,766 | 16,805,249 | 3,632 | A system that de-identifies personally identifiable information, translate it into segments and deliver relevant content based on relevant segments and auto-correct itself. User data gets ingested in the platform by direct system integration or partner's data integration. Generates a relevant segment from multi-touchpoint attributes such as location visitation, media consumption, series of media consumption, etc. Match relevant segment from the content delivery system and score the demand generated segments and create a matching score in real-time. Based on the highest matched score generated by the system, the system pushes relevant content in real-time. Optimizes content based on NLP and classification of the content. Generate a de-identifiable key for the user to map with segments and deliver content. Generate segments like Geographical segments, Political Issues, Political Boundaries (constitutional boundaries), Technology, Voter profile, Demographics, Behaviours, and interests, etc from multiple content delivery interaction at the unique de-identifiable key level in realtime. | 1. A computer implemented method of targeted communication, the method comprising:
receive profile information associated with a device code of a user, wherein the profile information is received by direct system integration or partner's data integration; generate a relevant segment from multi-touchpoint attributes; match the relevant segment from a content delivery system; score the matched relevant segment to determine a matching score in real-time; upon determining the highest matched score generated, push content in real-time, wherein the content is optimized based on natural language processing and classification of the content; generate a de-identifiable key for the user to map with the relevant segment and deliver the content; based on the unique de-identifiable key, generate in real-time, relevant segments from multiple content delivery systems; generate relevant content based on a content consumption segment; and in response to an incoming request, deliver the identified content corresponding to the user. 2. The computer system of claim 1, further comprising instructions which when executed by the computer cause the computer to:
auto accelerate or decelerate performance of the relevant segment to improve the content delivery. 3. The computer system of claim 1 where generating and identifying segments, further comprising instructions which when executed by the computer cause the computer to:
analyze historical content delivery based on content, system-generated segments, and multidimensional time-series metric data;
identify, generate and deliver relevant content; and
based on the performance measured by the Artifical Intelligence driven programmatic digital transformation platform, automatically accelerate or decelerate content delivery in real-time across content distribution channels. 4. The computer system of claim 1, further comprising instructions which when executed by the computer cause the computer to:
generate automated segment-based analysis based on multiple metrics and analysis of multiple segment based metrics. 5. The computer system of claim 1, further comprising instructions which when executed by the computer cause the computer to:
ingest data from a real-time feedback loop assigned to a single string of use cases for performance; generate aggregated analysis from the provided use case to generate run-time analysis to assign a score for the individual segment contributing to the relevant content delivery and performance; generate analysis from multiple segments based on scores and provides a knowledge graph on contribution factors for the relevant content delivery; send analysis and knowledge graphs to any integrated data visualization system; and send the analysis to feedback look to improve segment generation and segment scoring. 6. The computer system of claim 1, further comprising instructions which when executed by the computer cause the computer to:
generates scores and match relevant scores to relevant segments based on real-time demand and relevant content from the content management system 7. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the Artifical Intelligence driven programmatic digital transformation platform is running real-time multi-segment analysis and natural language processing on multi-array graphics processing unit machine. 8. A computer implemented method to targeted communication, the method comprising:
receive profile information associated with a device code of a user, wherein the profile information is received by direct system integration or partner's data integration;
generate a relevant segment from multi-touchpoint attributes;
match the relevant segment from a content delivery system;
score the matched relevant segment to determine a matching score in real-time;
upon determining the highest matched score generated, push content in real-time, wherein the content is optimized based on natural language processing and classification of the content;
generate a de-identifiable key for the user to map with the relevant segment and deliver the content;
based on the unique de-identifiable key, generate in real-time, relevant segments from multiple content delivery systems;
generate relevant content based on a content consumption segment; and
in response to an incoming request, deliver the identified content corresponding to the user. 9. The computer implemented method according to claim 8, further comprising:
auto accelerate or decelerate performance of the relevant segment to improve the content delivery. 10. The computer implemented method according to claim 8 where generating and identifying segments, further comprising:
analyze historical content delivery based on content, system-generated segments, and multidimensional time-series metric data;
identify, generate and deliver relevant content; and
based on the performance measured by the Artifical Intelligence driven programmatic digital transformation platform, automatically accelerate or decelerate content delivery in real-time across content distribution channels. 11. The computer implemented method according to claim 8, further comprising:
generate automated segment-based analysis based on multiple metrics and analysis of multiple segment based metrics. 12. The computer implemented method according to claim 8, further comprising:
ingest data from a real-time feedback loop assigned to a single string of use cases for performance; generate aggregated analysis from the provided use case to generate run-time analysis to assign a score for the individual segment contributing to the relevant content delivery- and performance; generate analysis from multiple segments based on scores and provides a knowledge graph on contribution factors for the relevant content delivery; send analysis and knowledge graphs to any integrated data visualization system; and send the analysis to feedback look to improve segment generation and segment scoring. 13. The computer implemented method according to claim 8, further comprising:
generates scores and match relevant scores to relevant segments based on real-time demand and relevant content from the content management system. 14. computer implemented method according to claim 8, wherein the Artifical Intelligence driven programmatic digital transformation platform is running real-time multi-segment analysis and natural language processing on multi-array graphics processing unit machine. 15. An article of manufacture including a non-transitory computer readable storage medium to tangibly store instructions, which when executed by a computer, cause the computer to:
receive profile information associated with a device code of a user, wherein the profile information is received by direct system integration or partner's data integration; generate a relevant segment from multi-touchpoint attributes; match the relevant segment from a content delivery system; score the matched relevant segment to determine a matching score in real-time; upon determining the highest matched score generated, push content in real-time, wherein the content is optimized based on natural language processing and classification of the content; generate a de-identifiable key for the user to map with the relevant segment and deliver the content; based on the unique de-identifiable key, generate in real-time, relevant segments from multiple content delivery systems; generate relevant content based on a content consumption segment; and in response to an incoming request, deliver the identified content corresponding to the user. 16. The article of manufacture of claim 15, further comprising instructions which when executed by the computer cause the computer to:
auto accelerate or decelerate performance of segment to improve the content 17. The article of manufacture of claim 15, further comprising instructions which when executed by the computer cause the computer to:
analyze historical content delivery based on content, system-generated segments, and multidimensional time-series metric data; identify, generate and deliver relevant content; and based on the performance measured by the Artifical Intelligence driven programmatic digital transformation platform, automatically accelerate or decelerate content delivery in real-time across content distribution channels. 18. The article of manufacture of claim 15, further comprising instructions which when executed by the computer cause the computer to:
generate automated segment-based analysis based on multiple metrics and analysis of multiple segment based metrics. 19. The article of manufacture of claim 15, further comprising instructions which when executed by the computer cause the computer to:
ingest data from a real-time feedback loop assigned to a single string of use cases for performance; generate aggregated analysis from the provided use case to generate run-time analysis to assign a score for the individual segment contributing to the relevant content delivery and performance; generate analysis from multiple segments based on scores and provides a knowledge graph on contribution factors for the relevant content delivery; send analysis and knowledge graphs to any integrated data visualization system; and send the analysis to feedback look to improve segment generation and segment scoring. 20. The article of manufacture of claim 15, further comprising instructions which when executed by the computer cause the computer to:
generates scores and match relevant scores to relevant segments based on real-time demand and relevant content from the content management system. | A system that de-identifies personally identifiable information, translate it into segments and deliver relevant content based on relevant segments and auto-correct itself. User data gets ingested in the platform by direct system integration or partner's data integration. Generates a relevant segment from multi-touchpoint attributes such as location visitation, media consumption, series of media consumption, etc. Match relevant segment from the content delivery system and score the demand generated segments and create a matching score in real-time. Based on the highest matched score generated by the system, the system pushes relevant content in real-time. Optimizes content based on NLP and classification of the content. Generate a de-identifiable key for the user to map with segments and deliver content. Generate segments like Geographical segments, Political Issues, Political Boundaries (constitutional boundaries), Technology, Voter profile, Demographics, Behaviours, and interests, etc from multiple content delivery interaction at the unique de-identifiable key level in realtime.1. A computer implemented method of targeted communication, the method comprising:
receive profile information associated with a device code of a user, wherein the profile information is received by direct system integration or partner's data integration; generate a relevant segment from multi-touchpoint attributes; match the relevant segment from a content delivery system; score the matched relevant segment to determine a matching score in real-time; upon determining the highest matched score generated, push content in real-time, wherein the content is optimized based on natural language processing and classification of the content; generate a de-identifiable key for the user to map with the relevant segment and deliver the content; based on the unique de-identifiable key, generate in real-time, relevant segments from multiple content delivery systems; generate relevant content based on a content consumption segment; and in response to an incoming request, deliver the identified content corresponding to the user. 2. The computer system of claim 1, further comprising instructions which when executed by the computer cause the computer to:
auto accelerate or decelerate performance of the relevant segment to improve the content delivery. 3. The computer system of claim 1 where generating and identifying segments, further comprising instructions which when executed by the computer cause the computer to:
analyze historical content delivery based on content, system-generated segments, and multidimensional time-series metric data;
identify, generate and deliver relevant content; and
based on the performance measured by the Artifical Intelligence driven programmatic digital transformation platform, automatically accelerate or decelerate content delivery in real-time across content distribution channels. 4. The computer system of claim 1, further comprising instructions which when executed by the computer cause the computer to:
generate automated segment-based analysis based on multiple metrics and analysis of multiple segment based metrics. 5. The computer system of claim 1, further comprising instructions which when executed by the computer cause the computer to:
ingest data from a real-time feedback loop assigned to a single string of use cases for performance; generate aggregated analysis from the provided use case to generate run-time analysis to assign a score for the individual segment contributing to the relevant content delivery and performance; generate analysis from multiple segments based on scores and provides a knowledge graph on contribution factors for the relevant content delivery; send analysis and knowledge graphs to any integrated data visualization system; and send the analysis to feedback look to improve segment generation and segment scoring. 6. The computer system of claim 1, further comprising instructions which when executed by the computer cause the computer to:
generates scores and match relevant scores to relevant segments based on real-time demand and relevant content from the content management system 7. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the Artifical Intelligence driven programmatic digital transformation platform is running real-time multi-segment analysis and natural language processing on multi-array graphics processing unit machine. 8. A computer implemented method to targeted communication, the method comprising:
receive profile information associated with a device code of a user, wherein the profile information is received by direct system integration or partner's data integration;
generate a relevant segment from multi-touchpoint attributes;
match the relevant segment from a content delivery system;
score the matched relevant segment to determine a matching score in real-time;
upon determining the highest matched score generated, push content in real-time, wherein the content is optimized based on natural language processing and classification of the content;
generate a de-identifiable key for the user to map with the relevant segment and deliver the content;
based on the unique de-identifiable key, generate in real-time, relevant segments from multiple content delivery systems;
generate relevant content based on a content consumption segment; and
in response to an incoming request, deliver the identified content corresponding to the user. 9. The computer implemented method according to claim 8, further comprising:
auto accelerate or decelerate performance of the relevant segment to improve the content delivery. 10. The computer implemented method according to claim 8 where generating and identifying segments, further comprising:
analyze historical content delivery based on content, system-generated segments, and multidimensional time-series metric data;
identify, generate and deliver relevant content; and
based on the performance measured by the Artifical Intelligence driven programmatic digital transformation platform, automatically accelerate or decelerate content delivery in real-time across content distribution channels. 11. The computer implemented method according to claim 8, further comprising:
generate automated segment-based analysis based on multiple metrics and analysis of multiple segment based metrics. 12. The computer implemented method according to claim 8, further comprising:
ingest data from a real-time feedback loop assigned to a single string of use cases for performance; generate aggregated analysis from the provided use case to generate run-time analysis to assign a score for the individual segment contributing to the relevant content delivery- and performance; generate analysis from multiple segments based on scores and provides a knowledge graph on contribution factors for the relevant content delivery; send analysis and knowledge graphs to any integrated data visualization system; and send the analysis to feedback look to improve segment generation and segment scoring. 13. The computer implemented method according to claim 8, further comprising:
generates scores and match relevant scores to relevant segments based on real-time demand and relevant content from the content management system. 14. computer implemented method according to claim 8, wherein the Artifical Intelligence driven programmatic digital transformation platform is running real-time multi-segment analysis and natural language processing on multi-array graphics processing unit machine. 15. An article of manufacture including a non-transitory computer readable storage medium to tangibly store instructions, which when executed by a computer, cause the computer to:
receive profile information associated with a device code of a user, wherein the profile information is received by direct system integration or partner's data integration; generate a relevant segment from multi-touchpoint attributes; match the relevant segment from a content delivery system; score the matched relevant segment to determine a matching score in real-time; upon determining the highest matched score generated, push content in real-time, wherein the content is optimized based on natural language processing and classification of the content; generate a de-identifiable key for the user to map with the relevant segment and deliver the content; based on the unique de-identifiable key, generate in real-time, relevant segments from multiple content delivery systems; generate relevant content based on a content consumption segment; and in response to an incoming request, deliver the identified content corresponding to the user. 16. The article of manufacture of claim 15, further comprising instructions which when executed by the computer cause the computer to:
auto accelerate or decelerate performance of segment to improve the content 17. The article of manufacture of claim 15, further comprising instructions which when executed by the computer cause the computer to:
analyze historical content delivery based on content, system-generated segments, and multidimensional time-series metric data; identify, generate and deliver relevant content; and based on the performance measured by the Artifical Intelligence driven programmatic digital transformation platform, automatically accelerate or decelerate content delivery in real-time across content distribution channels. 18. The article of manufacture of claim 15, further comprising instructions which when executed by the computer cause the computer to:
generate automated segment-based analysis based on multiple metrics and analysis of multiple segment based metrics. 19. The article of manufacture of claim 15, further comprising instructions which when executed by the computer cause the computer to:
ingest data from a real-time feedback loop assigned to a single string of use cases for performance; generate aggregated analysis from the provided use case to generate run-time analysis to assign a score for the individual segment contributing to the relevant content delivery and performance; generate analysis from multiple segments based on scores and provides a knowledge graph on contribution factors for the relevant content delivery; send analysis and knowledge graphs to any integrated data visualization system; and send the analysis to feedback look to improve segment generation and segment scoring. 20. The article of manufacture of claim 15, further comprising instructions which when executed by the computer cause the computer to:
generates scores and match relevant scores to relevant segments based on real-time demand and relevant content from the content management system. | 3,600 |
346,767 | 16,805,236 | 3,632 | A fabric bulk bag and a method for constructing the same, the bag including a continuous sidewall, a top portion, and a bottom, all defining a bulk storage space therein; the bottom further comprising eight sides which define an octagonal shape having an enlarged footprint so that the bag wall is sewn to the bottom in less time than a round shaped bag, yet when filled stands more upright with less tendency to lean than the current square shaped bags thereby providing a safer more dependable stacking bulk bag. In the method of producing the fabric bulk bag, the bag is constructed in less time than the prior art round bottom bags, uses less wall fabric than prior art square bottomed bags and when constructed and filled, supports itself more stable on a floor or pallet because it provides substantially more base for the product to rest on. In other embodiments, the bag would be multi-sided with greater than four sides. | 1-19. (canceled) 20. A fabric bulk bag, comprising:
a) an unsupported continuous single layer sidewall, a top portion, and a bottom, all defining a bulk storage place therein; b) the sidewall having a circular perimeter at a height between the bottom and the top portion; c) the bottom having at least four sides and a shape that is neither a circle nor a square; and d) wherein the sidewall is operable to have one or more bulge portions at or around the height of the circular perimeter, the one or more bulge portions extending beyond the bottom and not touching a support surface upon which the bag rests. 21. The bulk bag in claim 20, wherein the continuous sidewall further comprises a plurality of fabric panels which when sewn together define the continuous sidewall. 22. The bulk bag in claim 20, wherein the bottom is not limited to a unilateral shape. 23. The bulk bag in claim 20, wherein the bag when filled has a substantially straight support structure operable to support another filled bag stacked on the bag. 24. The bulk bag in claim 20, wherein the bottom comprises more than 8 sides. 25. The bulk bag in claim 20, wherein the top portion comprises the same shape as the bottom. 26. The bulk bag in claim 20, wherein the bottom has more than four (4) sides but less than seventeen (17) sides. 27. A fabric bulk bag, comprising:
a) an unsupported continuous single layer sidewall, a top portion, and a bottom, all defining a bulk storage place therein, the bag having a filled configuration and an unfilled configuration; b) the sidewall having a circular perimeter at a height between the bottom and the top portion; c) the bottom having at least four (4) sides and a shape that is neither a square nor a circle; d) wherein in the filled configuration the sidewall is operable to have one or more bulge portions at or around the height of the circular perimeter, each of said one or more bulge portions extending beyond the bottom without causing leaning or sagging of the bag in the filled configuration; and e) the bag in the filled configuration having a substantially straight support structure operable to support another filled bag stacked on the bag. 28. The fabric bulk bag in claim 27 wherein the bottom has more than four (4) and less than seventeen (17) sides. 29. The fabric bulk bag in claim 27 wherein in the filled configuration, the bag on a square pallet is fully supported by the square pallet. 30. The fabric bulk bag in claim 27 wherein the circular perimeter of the bag in the filled configuration fits on a square pallet. 31. The fabric bulk bag in claim 27 wherein the shape of the bottom may be adjusted to fit a desired pallet size. 32. The fabric bulk bag in claim 28 wherein the shape of the bottom of the bag is not unilateral. 33. The fabric bulk bag in claim 28 wherein the one or more bulge portions include individual columns of unsupported product that are less than 6% of total product in the bag in the filled configuration. 34. A fabric bulk bag, comprising:
a) an unrestrained, continuous single layer sidewall, a top portion, and a bottom, all defining a bulk storage place therein for filling with material; b) the bag having a filled configuration, wherein in the filled configuration the bag is filled with material and the sidewall of the bag has a rounded shape and a perimeter at a location between the top and the bottom; c) the bottom having at least four sides and a shape that is neither a square nor a circle; d) the sidewall having one or more bulge portions in the filled configuration that extend a distance beyond the bottom; and e) wherein the shape of the bottom is adapted to prevent the one or more bulge portions of the sidewall from making contact with a support surface that the bag is resting on in the filled configuration. 35. The bag of claim 34 wherein the bottom is coupled to the sidewall at an attachment seam and the bottom has at least 12% more square inches inside the attachment seam than would a square shaped bottomed bag that has an equal bag perimeter. 36. The bag of claim 34 wherein the shape of the bottom creates at least 12% more contact with a surface that the bag is resting on than would a square bottom of a square shaped bottom bag that has an equal bag perimeter. 37. The fabric bulk bag in claim 34 wherein the shape of the bottom may be adjusted to fit a desired pallet size. 38. The fabric bulk bag in claim 34 wherein the shape of the bottom of the bag is not unilateral. 39. The bulk bag in claim 34, wherein the top portion has the same shape as the bottom. | A fabric bulk bag and a method for constructing the same, the bag including a continuous sidewall, a top portion, and a bottom, all defining a bulk storage space therein; the bottom further comprising eight sides which define an octagonal shape having an enlarged footprint so that the bag wall is sewn to the bottom in less time than a round shaped bag, yet when filled stands more upright with less tendency to lean than the current square shaped bags thereby providing a safer more dependable stacking bulk bag. In the method of producing the fabric bulk bag, the bag is constructed in less time than the prior art round bottom bags, uses less wall fabric than prior art square bottomed bags and when constructed and filled, supports itself more stable on a floor or pallet because it provides substantially more base for the product to rest on. In other embodiments, the bag would be multi-sided with greater than four sides.1-19. (canceled) 20. A fabric bulk bag, comprising:
a) an unsupported continuous single layer sidewall, a top portion, and a bottom, all defining a bulk storage place therein; b) the sidewall having a circular perimeter at a height between the bottom and the top portion; c) the bottom having at least four sides and a shape that is neither a circle nor a square; and d) wherein the sidewall is operable to have one or more bulge portions at or around the height of the circular perimeter, the one or more bulge portions extending beyond the bottom and not touching a support surface upon which the bag rests. 21. The bulk bag in claim 20, wherein the continuous sidewall further comprises a plurality of fabric panels which when sewn together define the continuous sidewall. 22. The bulk bag in claim 20, wherein the bottom is not limited to a unilateral shape. 23. The bulk bag in claim 20, wherein the bag when filled has a substantially straight support structure operable to support another filled bag stacked on the bag. 24. The bulk bag in claim 20, wherein the bottom comprises more than 8 sides. 25. The bulk bag in claim 20, wherein the top portion comprises the same shape as the bottom. 26. The bulk bag in claim 20, wherein the bottom has more than four (4) sides but less than seventeen (17) sides. 27. A fabric bulk bag, comprising:
a) an unsupported continuous single layer sidewall, a top portion, and a bottom, all defining a bulk storage place therein, the bag having a filled configuration and an unfilled configuration; b) the sidewall having a circular perimeter at a height between the bottom and the top portion; c) the bottom having at least four (4) sides and a shape that is neither a square nor a circle; d) wherein in the filled configuration the sidewall is operable to have one or more bulge portions at or around the height of the circular perimeter, each of said one or more bulge portions extending beyond the bottom without causing leaning or sagging of the bag in the filled configuration; and e) the bag in the filled configuration having a substantially straight support structure operable to support another filled bag stacked on the bag. 28. The fabric bulk bag in claim 27 wherein the bottom has more than four (4) and less than seventeen (17) sides. 29. The fabric bulk bag in claim 27 wherein in the filled configuration, the bag on a square pallet is fully supported by the square pallet. 30. The fabric bulk bag in claim 27 wherein the circular perimeter of the bag in the filled configuration fits on a square pallet. 31. The fabric bulk bag in claim 27 wherein the shape of the bottom may be adjusted to fit a desired pallet size. 32. The fabric bulk bag in claim 28 wherein the shape of the bottom of the bag is not unilateral. 33. The fabric bulk bag in claim 28 wherein the one or more bulge portions include individual columns of unsupported product that are less than 6% of total product in the bag in the filled configuration. 34. A fabric bulk bag, comprising:
a) an unrestrained, continuous single layer sidewall, a top portion, and a bottom, all defining a bulk storage place therein for filling with material; b) the bag having a filled configuration, wherein in the filled configuration the bag is filled with material and the sidewall of the bag has a rounded shape and a perimeter at a location between the top and the bottom; c) the bottom having at least four sides and a shape that is neither a square nor a circle; d) the sidewall having one or more bulge portions in the filled configuration that extend a distance beyond the bottom; and e) wherein the shape of the bottom is adapted to prevent the one or more bulge portions of the sidewall from making contact with a support surface that the bag is resting on in the filled configuration. 35. The bag of claim 34 wherein the bottom is coupled to the sidewall at an attachment seam and the bottom has at least 12% more square inches inside the attachment seam than would a square shaped bottomed bag that has an equal bag perimeter. 36. The bag of claim 34 wherein the shape of the bottom creates at least 12% more contact with a surface that the bag is resting on than would a square bottom of a square shaped bottom bag that has an equal bag perimeter. 37. The fabric bulk bag in claim 34 wherein the shape of the bottom may be adjusted to fit a desired pallet size. 38. The fabric bulk bag in claim 34 wherein the shape of the bottom of the bag is not unilateral. 39. The bulk bag in claim 34, wherein the top portion has the same shape as the bottom. | 3,600 |
346,768 | 16,805,237 | 3,632 | Exemplary pressurization and coating systems, methods, and apparatuses are described herein. In certain embodiments, pressurization systems, methods, and apparatuses are used in conjunction with coating systems, methods, and apparatuses to control pressure about a substrate after a coating material is applied to a surface of the substrate. An exemplary system includes a die tool configured to apply a coating material to a substrate passing through the die tool and a pressurization apparatus attached to the die tool and forming a pressurization chamber. The pressurization apparatus is configured to receive the substrate from the die tool and control pressure about the substrate in the pressurization chamber. In certain embodiments, the die tool forms a coating chamber and is configured to apply the coating material on at least one surface of the substrate in the coating chamber. | 1. A system, comprising:
a die tool configured to apply a coating to a substrate; a pressurization chamber attached to the die tool; an adjustable exit seal that defines an exit aperture and that provides a substrate egress from the pressurization chamber; a first fastener disposed near a first portion of the adjustable exit seal; and a second fastener disposed near a second portion of the adjustable exit seal, wherein the first fastener is configured to apply a first adjustable pressure to the first portion of the adjustable exit seal, and wherein the second fastener is configured to apply a second adjustable pressure to the second portion of the adjustable exit seal. | Exemplary pressurization and coating systems, methods, and apparatuses are described herein. In certain embodiments, pressurization systems, methods, and apparatuses are used in conjunction with coating systems, methods, and apparatuses to control pressure about a substrate after a coating material is applied to a surface of the substrate. An exemplary system includes a die tool configured to apply a coating material to a substrate passing through the die tool and a pressurization apparatus attached to the die tool and forming a pressurization chamber. The pressurization apparatus is configured to receive the substrate from the die tool and control pressure about the substrate in the pressurization chamber. In certain embodiments, the die tool forms a coating chamber and is configured to apply the coating material on at least one surface of the substrate in the coating chamber.1. A system, comprising:
a die tool configured to apply a coating to a substrate; a pressurization chamber attached to the die tool; an adjustable exit seal that defines an exit aperture and that provides a substrate egress from the pressurization chamber; a first fastener disposed near a first portion of the adjustable exit seal; and a second fastener disposed near a second portion of the adjustable exit seal, wherein the first fastener is configured to apply a first adjustable pressure to the first portion of the adjustable exit seal, and wherein the second fastener is configured to apply a second adjustable pressure to the second portion of the adjustable exit seal. | 3,600 |
346,769 | 16,805,214 | 3,632 | A device implementing a system for authenticating an identity document includes at least one processor configured to receive, from a service provider, a request associated with verifying an integrity of an identity document, and capture, responsive to receiving the request, image data of the identity document. The at least one processor is further configured to generate a representation based on the image data, the representation comprising form factor data of the identity document, and compare the representation with a prior representation of the identity document, the prior representation comprising prior form factor data of the identity document. The at least one processor is further configured to provide, to the service provider, a response to the request based on comparing the representation with the prior representation. | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving, from a service provider, a request associated with verifying an integrity of an identity document; capturing, responsive to receiving the request, image data of the identity document; generating a representation based on the image data, the representation comprising form factor data of the identity document; comparing the representation with a prior representation of the identity document, the prior representation comprising prior form factor data of the identity document; and providing, to the service provider, a response to the request based on comparing the representation with the prior representation. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to the receiving:
providing, to an identity provider, a request to authenticate the identity document, the request comprising prior image data of the identity document; receiving, from the identity provider, an indication that the identity document has been authenticated based on the prior image data; generating, responsive to receiving the indication, the prior representation of the identity document based on the prior image data; and storing the prior representation. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the storing comprises storing the prior representation in a secure processor of a device. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the form factor data and the prior form factor data indicate a position of a common security feature of the identity document relative to a specific feature of the identity document. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein each of the image data and the prior image data comprises RGB image data, and
wherein the form factor data and the prior form factor data are based on the respective RGB image data. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein each of the image data and the prior image data comprises infrared image data, and
wherein the form factor data and the prior form factor data are based on the respective infrared image data. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the identity provider corresponds to an organization for issuing identity documents corresponding to the identity document. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the indication that the identity document has been authenticated comprises a signed verification that is tied to a device by a public key of a public-private key pair, a private key of which is stored on the device. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the service provider corresponds to an on-line merchant. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein personally identifiable information cannot be determined from the representation or the prior representation. 11. A device, comprising:
at least one processor; and a memory including instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to:
receive, from a service provider, a request associated with verifying an integrity of an identity document;
capture, responsive to receiving the request, image data of the identity document;
generate a representation based on the image data, the representation comprising form factor data of the identity document;
compare the representation with a prior representation of the identity document, the prior representation comprising prior form factor data of the identity document; and
provide, to the service provider, a response to the request based on comparing the representation with the prior representation,
wherein personally identifiable information cannot be determined from the representation or the prior representation. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the instructions further cause the at least one processor to, prior to the receiving:
provide, to an identity provider, a request to authenticate the identity document, the request comprising prior image data of the identity document; receive, from the identity provider, an indication that the identity document has been authenticated based on the prior image data; generate, responsive to receiving the indication, the prior representation of the identity document based on the prior image data; and store the prior representation. 13. The device of claim 12, wherein the storing comprises storing the prior representation in a secure processor of the device. 14. The device of claim 12, wherein the form factor data and the prior form factor data indicate a position of a common security feature of the identity document relative to a specific feature of the identity document. 15. The device of claim 12, wherein each of the image data and the prior image data comprises RGB image data, and
wherein the form factor data and the prior form factor data are based on the respective RGB image data. 16. The device of claim 12, wherein each of the image data and the prior image data comprises infrared image data, and
wherein the form factor data and the prior form factor data are based on the respective infrared image data. 17. The device of claim 12, wherein the identity provider corresponds to an organization for issuing identity documents corresponding to the identity document. 18. The device of claim 12, wherein the indication that the identity document has been authenticated comprises a signed verification that is tied to the device by a public key of a public-private key pair, a private key of which is stored on the device. 19. The device of claim 11, wherein the service provider corresponds to an on-line merchant. 20. A computer program product comprising code stored in a tangible computer-readable storage medium, the code comprising:
code to provide, to a first service, a request to authenticate an identity document, the request comprising first image data of the identity document; code to receive, from the first service, an indication that the identity document has been authenticated based on the first image data; code to generate, responsive to receiving the indication, a first representation based on the first image data; code to store the first representation; code to receive, from a second service, a request associated with verifying an integrity of the identity document; code to, responsive to the request,
capture second image data of the identity document,
generate a second representation based on the second image data; and
code to provide, to the second service, a response to the request based on a comparison of the first and second representations. | A device implementing a system for authenticating an identity document includes at least one processor configured to receive, from a service provider, a request associated with verifying an integrity of an identity document, and capture, responsive to receiving the request, image data of the identity document. The at least one processor is further configured to generate a representation based on the image data, the representation comprising form factor data of the identity document, and compare the representation with a prior representation of the identity document, the prior representation comprising prior form factor data of the identity document. The at least one processor is further configured to provide, to the service provider, a response to the request based on comparing the representation with the prior representation.1. A method, comprising:
receiving, from a service provider, a request associated with verifying an integrity of an identity document; capturing, responsive to receiving the request, image data of the identity document; generating a representation based on the image data, the representation comprising form factor data of the identity document; comparing the representation with a prior representation of the identity document, the prior representation comprising prior form factor data of the identity document; and providing, to the service provider, a response to the request based on comparing the representation with the prior representation. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to the receiving:
providing, to an identity provider, a request to authenticate the identity document, the request comprising prior image data of the identity document; receiving, from the identity provider, an indication that the identity document has been authenticated based on the prior image data; generating, responsive to receiving the indication, the prior representation of the identity document based on the prior image data; and storing the prior representation. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the storing comprises storing the prior representation in a secure processor of a device. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the form factor data and the prior form factor data indicate a position of a common security feature of the identity document relative to a specific feature of the identity document. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein each of the image data and the prior image data comprises RGB image data, and
wherein the form factor data and the prior form factor data are based on the respective RGB image data. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein each of the image data and the prior image data comprises infrared image data, and
wherein the form factor data and the prior form factor data are based on the respective infrared image data. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the identity provider corresponds to an organization for issuing identity documents corresponding to the identity document. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the indication that the identity document has been authenticated comprises a signed verification that is tied to a device by a public key of a public-private key pair, a private key of which is stored on the device. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the service provider corresponds to an on-line merchant. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein personally identifiable information cannot be determined from the representation or the prior representation. 11. A device, comprising:
at least one processor; and a memory including instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to:
receive, from a service provider, a request associated with verifying an integrity of an identity document;
capture, responsive to receiving the request, image data of the identity document;
generate a representation based on the image data, the representation comprising form factor data of the identity document;
compare the representation with a prior representation of the identity document, the prior representation comprising prior form factor data of the identity document; and
provide, to the service provider, a response to the request based on comparing the representation with the prior representation,
wherein personally identifiable information cannot be determined from the representation or the prior representation. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the instructions further cause the at least one processor to, prior to the receiving:
provide, to an identity provider, a request to authenticate the identity document, the request comprising prior image data of the identity document; receive, from the identity provider, an indication that the identity document has been authenticated based on the prior image data; generate, responsive to receiving the indication, the prior representation of the identity document based on the prior image data; and store the prior representation. 13. The device of claim 12, wherein the storing comprises storing the prior representation in a secure processor of the device. 14. The device of claim 12, wherein the form factor data and the prior form factor data indicate a position of a common security feature of the identity document relative to a specific feature of the identity document. 15. The device of claim 12, wherein each of the image data and the prior image data comprises RGB image data, and
wherein the form factor data and the prior form factor data are based on the respective RGB image data. 16. The device of claim 12, wherein each of the image data and the prior image data comprises infrared image data, and
wherein the form factor data and the prior form factor data are based on the respective infrared image data. 17. The device of claim 12, wherein the identity provider corresponds to an organization for issuing identity documents corresponding to the identity document. 18. The device of claim 12, wherein the indication that the identity document has been authenticated comprises a signed verification that is tied to the device by a public key of a public-private key pair, a private key of which is stored on the device. 19. The device of claim 11, wherein the service provider corresponds to an on-line merchant. 20. A computer program product comprising code stored in a tangible computer-readable storage medium, the code comprising:
code to provide, to a first service, a request to authenticate an identity document, the request comprising first image data of the identity document; code to receive, from the first service, an indication that the identity document has been authenticated based on the first image data; code to generate, responsive to receiving the indication, a first representation based on the first image data; code to store the first representation; code to receive, from a second service, a request associated with verifying an integrity of the identity document; code to, responsive to the request,
capture second image data of the identity document,
generate a second representation based on the second image data; and
code to provide, to the second service, a response to the request based on a comparison of the first and second representations. | 3,600 |
346,770 | 16,805,234 | 3,632 | An angled light for mounting on a surface of a marine vessel, the angled light having a base member including a first end including an opening for securing power supply wires in the angled light and a second end substantially perpendicular the first end. The angled light includes a light source disposed in the second end of the base member and a securing ring disposed on the first end of the base member for securing the first end of the base member to a surface opening on the marine vessel. The securing ring is engagable with the base member first end. | 1. An angled light for mounting on a surface of a marine vessel comprising:
a base member having a first end including an opening for securing power supply wires in the angled light and a second end substantially perpendicular the first end; a light source disposed in the second end of the base member; and a securing ring disposed on the first end of the base member for securing the first end of the base member to a surface opening on the marine vessel; wherein the securing ring is engagable with the base member first end. 2. The angled light according to claim 1 wherein the light source is removably mounted in base member second end. 3. The angled light according to claim 1 wherein the securing ring has a circular base and a plurality of fingers extending substantially perpendicular to the base, the securing ring base engagable between the securing cap cylindrical wall and the second end of the base member. 4. The angled light according to claim 1 wherein the securing cap and the fingers secure the angled light within a surface opening on the marine vessel. 5. The angled light according to claim 1 wherein the base member second end includes external base threads and the securing ring includes internal threads engagable with the external base threads. 6. The angled light according to claim 1 including a finishing cap securable to the securing cap. 7. The angled light according to claim 1 wherein the securing cap includes a cylindrical wall and internal cap threads disposed on an interior surface of the cylindrical wall, the internal cap threads engagable with external base threads on the base member. 8. The angled light according to claim 1 including a securing ring having a circular base and a plurality of fingers extending substantially perpendicular to the base, the securing ring base engagable between the securing cap cylindrical wall and the second end of the base member. 9. An angled light fixture for mounting on a surface of a marine vessel comprising:
a base member having a first end including an opening for securing power supply wires in the angled light and a second end substantially perpendicular the first end, the second end including external base threads; a light source removably mounted in the second end of the base member; a securing cap having a cylindrical wall and internal cap threads disposed on an interior surface of the cylindrical wall, the internal cap threads engagable with the external base threads on the base member; a finishing cap securable to the securing cap; and a securing ring having a circular base and a plurality of fingers extending substantially perpendicular to the base, the securing ring base engagable between the securing cap cylindrical wall and the second end of the base member; wherein the securing cap and the fingers secure the angled light within a surface opening on the marine vessel. 9. A method for mounting an angled light on a surface of a marine vessel comprising:
providing a base member having a first end including an opening for securing power supply wires in the angled light and a second end substantially perpendicular the first end, the second end including external base threads; providing a light source removably mounted in the second end of the base member and electrically contacting the power supply wires; providing a securing cap having a cylindrical wall and internal cap threads disposed on an interior surface of the cylindrical wall, the internal cap threads engagable with the external base threads on the base member; providing a finishing cap securable to the securing cap; providing a securing ring having a circular base and a plurality of fingers extending substantially perpendicular to the base, the securing ring base engagable between the securing cap cylindrical wall and the second end of the base member; ensuring the light source is mounted in the second end of the base member; ensuring the securing ring is engaged with the external base threads, the fingers extending in the direction away from the base member; placing the second end of the base member in an opening on a surface of the marine vessel whereby the fingers contact the marine vessel surface adjacent the opening; engaging the securing cap internal threads with the base member external threads; rotating the securing cap with respect to the base member, allowing the fingers to contact the marine vessel surface; tightening the securing cap to the base member, securing the base member to the marine vessel surface; engaging the finishing cap with the securing cap; and supplying power to the power supply wires, illuminating the light source for providing lighting in the marine vessel. | An angled light for mounting on a surface of a marine vessel, the angled light having a base member including a first end including an opening for securing power supply wires in the angled light and a second end substantially perpendicular the first end. The angled light includes a light source disposed in the second end of the base member and a securing ring disposed on the first end of the base member for securing the first end of the base member to a surface opening on the marine vessel. The securing ring is engagable with the base member first end.1. An angled light for mounting on a surface of a marine vessel comprising:
a base member having a first end including an opening for securing power supply wires in the angled light and a second end substantially perpendicular the first end; a light source disposed in the second end of the base member; and a securing ring disposed on the first end of the base member for securing the first end of the base member to a surface opening on the marine vessel; wherein the securing ring is engagable with the base member first end. 2. The angled light according to claim 1 wherein the light source is removably mounted in base member second end. 3. The angled light according to claim 1 wherein the securing ring has a circular base and a plurality of fingers extending substantially perpendicular to the base, the securing ring base engagable between the securing cap cylindrical wall and the second end of the base member. 4. The angled light according to claim 1 wherein the securing cap and the fingers secure the angled light within a surface opening on the marine vessel. 5. The angled light according to claim 1 wherein the base member second end includes external base threads and the securing ring includes internal threads engagable with the external base threads. 6. The angled light according to claim 1 including a finishing cap securable to the securing cap. 7. The angled light according to claim 1 wherein the securing cap includes a cylindrical wall and internal cap threads disposed on an interior surface of the cylindrical wall, the internal cap threads engagable with external base threads on the base member. 8. The angled light according to claim 1 including a securing ring having a circular base and a plurality of fingers extending substantially perpendicular to the base, the securing ring base engagable between the securing cap cylindrical wall and the second end of the base member. 9. An angled light fixture for mounting on a surface of a marine vessel comprising:
a base member having a first end including an opening for securing power supply wires in the angled light and a second end substantially perpendicular the first end, the second end including external base threads; a light source removably mounted in the second end of the base member; a securing cap having a cylindrical wall and internal cap threads disposed on an interior surface of the cylindrical wall, the internal cap threads engagable with the external base threads on the base member; a finishing cap securable to the securing cap; and a securing ring having a circular base and a plurality of fingers extending substantially perpendicular to the base, the securing ring base engagable between the securing cap cylindrical wall and the second end of the base member; wherein the securing cap and the fingers secure the angled light within a surface opening on the marine vessel. 9. A method for mounting an angled light on a surface of a marine vessel comprising:
providing a base member having a first end including an opening for securing power supply wires in the angled light and a second end substantially perpendicular the first end, the second end including external base threads; providing a light source removably mounted in the second end of the base member and electrically contacting the power supply wires; providing a securing cap having a cylindrical wall and internal cap threads disposed on an interior surface of the cylindrical wall, the internal cap threads engagable with the external base threads on the base member; providing a finishing cap securable to the securing cap; providing a securing ring having a circular base and a plurality of fingers extending substantially perpendicular to the base, the securing ring base engagable between the securing cap cylindrical wall and the second end of the base member; ensuring the light source is mounted in the second end of the base member; ensuring the securing ring is engaged with the external base threads, the fingers extending in the direction away from the base member; placing the second end of the base member in an opening on a surface of the marine vessel whereby the fingers contact the marine vessel surface adjacent the opening; engaging the securing cap internal threads with the base member external threads; rotating the securing cap with respect to the base member, allowing the fingers to contact the marine vessel surface; tightening the securing cap to the base member, securing the base member to the marine vessel surface; engaging the finishing cap with the securing cap; and supplying power to the power supply wires, illuminating the light source for providing lighting in the marine vessel. | 3,600 |
346,771 | 16,805,232 | 3,632 | A plurality of logical storage segments of storage drives of a plurality of storage nodes are identified. At least one of the storage nodes includes at least a first logical storage segment and a second logical storage segment included in the plurality of logical storage segments. A distributed and replicated data store using a portion of the plurality of logical storage segments that excludes at least the second logical storage segment is provided. An available storage capacity metric associated with the plurality of logical storage segments is determined to meet a first threshold. In response to the determination that the available storage capacity metric meets the first threshold, at least the second logical storage segment is dynamically deployed for use in providing the distributed and replicated data store in a manner that increases a storage capacity of the data store while maintaining a fault tolerance policy of the distributed and replicated data store. | 1. A method, comprising:
identifying a plurality of logical storage segments of storage drives of a plurality of storage nodes, wherein at least one of the storage nodes includes at least a first logical storage segment and a second logical storage segment included in the plurality of logical storage segments; providing a distributed and replicated data store using a portion of the plurality of logical storage segments that excludes at least the second logical storage segment; determining that an available storage capacity metric associated with the plurality of logical storage segments meets a first threshold; and in response to the determination that the available storage capacity metric meets the first threshold, dynamically deploying at least the second logical storage segment for use in providing the distributed and replicated data store in a manner that increases a storage capacity of the data store while maintaining a fault tolerance policy of the distributed and replicated data store. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a circular ordering of the portion of the plurality of logical storage segments. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the circular ordering of the portion of the plurality of logical storage segments comprises determining that the at least one of the storage nodes includes at least the first logical storage segment and the second logical storage segment. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the circular ordering of the portion of the plurality of logical storage segments comprises selecting a logical storage segment from the at least the first logical storage segment and the second logical storage segment. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the determined circular ordering includes the selected logical storage segment of the at least one of the storage nodes and the logical storage segments of the other storage nodes. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the distributed and replicated data store is comprised of a plurality of buckets, wherein each of the plurality of buckets is comprised of a plurality of key-value pairs. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the distributed and replicated data store is comprised of a plurality of copies of the buckets. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the plurality of copies of the buckets are stored in adjacent logical storage segments according to a circular ordering of the portion of the plurality of logical storage segments. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the available storage capacity metric associated with one of the plurality of logical storage segments is a percentage of the plurality of logical storage segments that is used or a total amount of data stored by the plurality of logical storage segments. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining an adjusted circular ordering for the plurality of logical storage segments. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein a size of a logical storage segment of the plurality of logical storage segments is based on a smallest storage capacity of the plurality of storage nodes. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one of the storage nodes includes a storage capacity that is at least a multiple of the smallest storage capacity of the plurality of storage nodes. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein dynamically deploying at least the second logical storage segment includes locating the first logical storage segment and the second logical storage segment in an adjusted circular ordering based on the fault tolerance policy. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the fault tolerance policy indicates that a threshold number of adjacent logical storage segments are to store a threshold number of copies of a bucket comprised of a plurality of key-value pairs. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the fault tolerance policy indicates that the adjacent logical storage segments associated with the bucket are not included in a same storage node. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein dynamically deploying at least the second logical storage segment includes rebalancing the distributed and replicated data store. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein rebalancing the distributed and replicated data store includes moving a copy of a bucket comprised of a plurality of key-value pairs from one of the plurality of logical storage segments included in the portion of the plurality of logical storage segments to the second logical storage segment. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein rebalancing the distributed and replicated data store includes selecting which of a plurality of copies of a bucket to move based on a total number of copies of the bucket that need to be moved to be compliant with the fault tolerance policy. 19. A computer program product, the computer program product being embodied in a tangible non-transitory computer readable storage medium and comprising computer instructions for:
identifying a plurality of logical storage segments of storage drives of a plurality of storage nodes, wherein at least one of the storage nodes includes at least a first logical storage segment and a second logical storage segment included in the plurality of logical storage segments; providing a distributed and replicated data store using a portion of the plurality of logical storage segments that excludes at least the second logical storage segment; determining that an available storage capacity metric associated with the plurality of logical storage segments meets a first threshold; and in response to the determination that the available storage capacity metric meets the first threshold, dynamically deploying at least the second logical storage segment for use in providing the distributed and replicated data store in a manner that increases a storage capacity of the data store while maintaining a fault tolerance policy of the distributed and replicated data store. 20. A system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled with the processor, wherein the memory is configured to provide the processor with instructions which when executed cause the processor to:
identify a plurality of logical storage segments of storage drives of a plurality of storage nodes, wherein at least one of the storage nodes includes at least a first logical storage segment and a second logical storage segment included in the plurality of logical storage segments;
provide a distributed and replicated data store using a portion of the plurality of logical storage segments that excludes at least the second logical storage segment;
determine that an available storage capacity metric associated with the plurality of logical storage segments meets a first threshold; and
in response to the determination that the available storage capacity metric meets the first threshold, dynamically deploy at least the second logical storage segment for use in providing the distributed and replicated data store in a manner that increases a storage capacity of the data store while maintaining a fault tolerance policy of the distributed and replicated data store. | A plurality of logical storage segments of storage drives of a plurality of storage nodes are identified. At least one of the storage nodes includes at least a first logical storage segment and a second logical storage segment included in the plurality of logical storage segments. A distributed and replicated data store using a portion of the plurality of logical storage segments that excludes at least the second logical storage segment is provided. An available storage capacity metric associated with the plurality of logical storage segments is determined to meet a first threshold. In response to the determination that the available storage capacity metric meets the first threshold, at least the second logical storage segment is dynamically deployed for use in providing the distributed and replicated data store in a manner that increases a storage capacity of the data store while maintaining a fault tolerance policy of the distributed and replicated data store.1. A method, comprising:
identifying a plurality of logical storage segments of storage drives of a plurality of storage nodes, wherein at least one of the storage nodes includes at least a first logical storage segment and a second logical storage segment included in the plurality of logical storage segments; providing a distributed and replicated data store using a portion of the plurality of logical storage segments that excludes at least the second logical storage segment; determining that an available storage capacity metric associated with the plurality of logical storage segments meets a first threshold; and in response to the determination that the available storage capacity metric meets the first threshold, dynamically deploying at least the second logical storage segment for use in providing the distributed and replicated data store in a manner that increases a storage capacity of the data store while maintaining a fault tolerance policy of the distributed and replicated data store. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a circular ordering of the portion of the plurality of logical storage segments. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the circular ordering of the portion of the plurality of logical storage segments comprises determining that the at least one of the storage nodes includes at least the first logical storage segment and the second logical storage segment. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the circular ordering of the portion of the plurality of logical storage segments comprises selecting a logical storage segment from the at least the first logical storage segment and the second logical storage segment. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the determined circular ordering includes the selected logical storage segment of the at least one of the storage nodes and the logical storage segments of the other storage nodes. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the distributed and replicated data store is comprised of a plurality of buckets, wherein each of the plurality of buckets is comprised of a plurality of key-value pairs. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the distributed and replicated data store is comprised of a plurality of copies of the buckets. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the plurality of copies of the buckets are stored in adjacent logical storage segments according to a circular ordering of the portion of the plurality of logical storage segments. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the available storage capacity metric associated with one of the plurality of logical storage segments is a percentage of the plurality of logical storage segments that is used or a total amount of data stored by the plurality of logical storage segments. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining an adjusted circular ordering for the plurality of logical storage segments. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein a size of a logical storage segment of the plurality of logical storage segments is based on a smallest storage capacity of the plurality of storage nodes. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one of the storage nodes includes a storage capacity that is at least a multiple of the smallest storage capacity of the plurality of storage nodes. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein dynamically deploying at least the second logical storage segment includes locating the first logical storage segment and the second logical storage segment in an adjusted circular ordering based on the fault tolerance policy. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the fault tolerance policy indicates that a threshold number of adjacent logical storage segments are to store a threshold number of copies of a bucket comprised of a plurality of key-value pairs. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the fault tolerance policy indicates that the adjacent logical storage segments associated with the bucket are not included in a same storage node. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein dynamically deploying at least the second logical storage segment includes rebalancing the distributed and replicated data store. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein rebalancing the distributed and replicated data store includes moving a copy of a bucket comprised of a plurality of key-value pairs from one of the plurality of logical storage segments included in the portion of the plurality of logical storage segments to the second logical storage segment. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein rebalancing the distributed and replicated data store includes selecting which of a plurality of copies of a bucket to move based on a total number of copies of the bucket that need to be moved to be compliant with the fault tolerance policy. 19. A computer program product, the computer program product being embodied in a tangible non-transitory computer readable storage medium and comprising computer instructions for:
identifying a plurality of logical storage segments of storage drives of a plurality of storage nodes, wherein at least one of the storage nodes includes at least a first logical storage segment and a second logical storage segment included in the plurality of logical storage segments; providing a distributed and replicated data store using a portion of the plurality of logical storage segments that excludes at least the second logical storage segment; determining that an available storage capacity metric associated with the plurality of logical storage segments meets a first threshold; and in response to the determination that the available storage capacity metric meets the first threshold, dynamically deploying at least the second logical storage segment for use in providing the distributed and replicated data store in a manner that increases a storage capacity of the data store while maintaining a fault tolerance policy of the distributed and replicated data store. 20. A system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled with the processor, wherein the memory is configured to provide the processor with instructions which when executed cause the processor to:
identify a plurality of logical storage segments of storage drives of a plurality of storage nodes, wherein at least one of the storage nodes includes at least a first logical storage segment and a second logical storage segment included in the plurality of logical storage segments;
provide a distributed and replicated data store using a portion of the plurality of logical storage segments that excludes at least the second logical storage segment;
determine that an available storage capacity metric associated with the plurality of logical storage segments meets a first threshold; and
in response to the determination that the available storage capacity metric meets the first threshold, dynamically deploy at least the second logical storage segment for use in providing the distributed and replicated data store in a manner that increases a storage capacity of the data store while maintaining a fault tolerance policy of the distributed and replicated data store. | 3,600 |
346,772 | 16,805,225 | 2,852 | An approach is provided for monitoring and reporting capacity of a toner cartridge in a printing device. The printing device determines estimated toner levels based on actual toner levels obtained from a toner sensor of the printing device. The estimated toner levels are determined based on a first actual toner level and a second actual toner level obtained from the toner senor and print usage between the two actual toner levels. The estimated toner levels are determined for levels below the second actual toner level and are mapped to synthetic toner levels. Visual indications of the synthetic toner levels are displayed on the printing device. | 1. A printing device comprising:
a user interface configured to exchange information between one or more users and the printing device; a toner cartridge; at least one sensor configured to detect a first threshold level and a second threshold level that is below the first threshold level, wherein an amount of toner left in the toner cartridge that is at or below the second threshold level is associated with the same default toner level; one or more print processes configured to:
monitor a print usage of the printing device when a current toner level of the toner cartridge is between the first-threshold level and the second threshold level that is below the first threshold level;
determine a first estimated toner level of the current toner level of the toner cartridge when the current toner level of the toner cartridge is below the second threshold level, wherein the first estimated toner level is determined based on:
the print usage of the printing device that was monitored when the current toner level of the toner cartridge was between the first threshold level and the second threshold level that is below the first threshold level,
a number of pages printed since the second threshold level,
the first threshold level, and
the second threshold level; and
override a visual indication of the default toner level with a visual indication of the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge on the user interface to provide finer granularity of the current toner level that is otherwise unavailable from a display of the visual indication of the default toner level. 2. The printing device of claim 1, wherein the visual indication of the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge is displayed when a number of pages printed is in a range associated with the first estimated toner level. 3. The printing device of claim 1, wherein the visual indication of the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge includes one or more of a percentage of toner remaining in the toner cartridge or a number of remaining pages that can be printed. 4. The printing device of claim 1, wherein the one or more print processes are further configured to:
monitor a subsequent print usage between the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge and a second estimated toner level of the toner cartridge that is below the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge; determine accuracy of a third estimated toner level that is below the second estimated toner level of the toner cartridge based on the subsequent print usage, the first estimated toner level and the second estimated toner level. 5. The printing device of claim 1, wherein the one or more print processes are further configured to determine whether the current toner level is at a third threshold level that is below the second threshold level. 6. The printing device of claim 5, wherein the one or more print processes are further configured to display a lock indicator for the toner cartridge when the current toner level is not yet at the third threshold level, and is configured to not to display the lock indicator for the toner cartridge when the current toner level is at the third threshold level. 7. The printing device of claim 5, further comprising a network interface for communicatively coupling the printing device to a network, and wherein the one or more print processes are further configured to transmit an electronic notification to a remote device via the network interface when the current toner level is at the third threshold level. 8. The printing device of claim 5, wherein the one or more print processes are further configured to receive configuration data from a remote device and to configure the third threshold level based on the configuration data. 9. A one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions which, when processed by one or more processors, cause:
monitoring, by a printing device, a print usage of the printing device when a current toner level of a toner cartridge is between a first threshold level and a second threshold level that is below the first threshold level, wherein the first threshold level and the second threshold level are detected by at least one sensor of the printing device, wherein an amount of toner left in the toner cartridge that is at or below the second threshold level is associated with the same default toner level; determining, by the printing device, a first estimated toner level of the current toner level of the toner cartridge when the current toner level of the toner cartridge is below the second threshold level, wherein the first estimated toner level is determined based on:
the print usage of the printing device that was monitored when the current toner level of the toner cartridge was between the first threshold level and the second threshold level that is below the first threshold level,
a number of pages printed since the second threshold level,
the first threshold level, and
the second threshold level; and
overriding, by the printing device, a visual indication of the default toner level with a visual indication of the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge on a user interface to provide finer granularity of the current toner level that is otherwise unavailable from a display of the visual indication of the default toner level. 10. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 9, wherein the visual indication of the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge is displayed when a number of pages printed is in a range associated with the first estimated toner level. 11. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 9, wherein the visual indication of the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge includes one or more of a percentage of toner remaining in the toner cartridge or a number of remaining pages that can be printed. 12. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 9, wherein the instructions which, when processed by the one or more processors, further cause:
monitoring, by the printing device, a subsequent print usage between the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge and a second estimated toner level of the toner cartridge that is below the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge; determining, by the printing device, accuracy of a third estimated toner level that is below the second estimated toner level of the toner cartridge based on the subsequent print usage, the first estimated toner level and the second estimated toner level. 13. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 9, wherein the instructions which, when processed by the one or more processors, further cause determining, by the printing device, whether the current toner level is at a third threshold level that is below the second threshold level. 14. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 13, wherein the instructions which, when processed by the one or more processors, further cause displaying, by the printing device, a lock indicator for the toner cartridge only when the current toner level is not yet at the third threshold level. 15. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 13, wherein the instructions which, when processed by the one or more processors, further cause transmitting, by the printing device, an electronic notification to a remote device via a network interface of the printing device when the current toner level is at the third threshold level. 16. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 13, wherein the instructions which, when processed by the one or more processors, further cause receiving, by the printing device, configuration data from a remote device and configuring the third threshold level based on the configuration data. 17. A computer-implemented method comprising:
monitoring, by a printing device, a print usage of the printing device when a current toner level of a toner cartridge is between a first threshold level and a second threshold level that is below the first threshold level, wherein the first threshold level and the second threshold level are detected by at least one sensor of the printing device, wherein an amount of toner left in the toner cartridge that is at or below the second threshold level is associated with the same default toner level; determining, by the printing device, a first estimated toner level of the current toner level of the toner cartridge when the current toner level of the toner cartridge is below the second threshold level, wherein the first estimated toner level is determined based on:
the print usage of the printing device that was monitored when the current toner level of the toner cartridge was between the first threshold level and the second threshold level that is below the first threshold level,
a number of pages printed since the second threshold level,
the first threshold level, and
the second threshold level; and
overriding, by the printing device, a visual indication of the default toner level with a visual indication of the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge on a user interface to provide finer granularity of the current toner level that is otherwise unavailable from a display of the visual indication of the default toner level. 18. The computer-implemented method of claim 17, wherein the visual indication of the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge is displayed when a number of pages printed is in a range associated with the first estimated toner level, and wherein the visual indication of the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge includes one or more of a percentage of toner remaining in the toner cartridge or a number of remaining pages that can be printed. 19. The computer-implemented method of claim 17, further comprising:
monitoring, by the printing device, a subsequent print usage between the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge and a second estimated toner level of the toner cartridge that is below the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge; determining, by the printing device, accuracy of a third estimated toner level that is below the second estimated toner level of the toner cartridge based on the subsequent print usage, the first estimated toner level and the second estimated toner level. 20. The computer-implemented method of claim 17, further comprising:
determining, by the printing device, whether the current toner level is at a third threshold level that is below the second threshold level; transmitting, by the printing device, an electronic notification to a remote device via a network interface of the printing device when the current toner level is at the third threshold level. | An approach is provided for monitoring and reporting capacity of a toner cartridge in a printing device. The printing device determines estimated toner levels based on actual toner levels obtained from a toner sensor of the printing device. The estimated toner levels are determined based on a first actual toner level and a second actual toner level obtained from the toner senor and print usage between the two actual toner levels. The estimated toner levels are determined for levels below the second actual toner level and are mapped to synthetic toner levels. Visual indications of the synthetic toner levels are displayed on the printing device.1. A printing device comprising:
a user interface configured to exchange information between one or more users and the printing device; a toner cartridge; at least one sensor configured to detect a first threshold level and a second threshold level that is below the first threshold level, wherein an amount of toner left in the toner cartridge that is at or below the second threshold level is associated with the same default toner level; one or more print processes configured to:
monitor a print usage of the printing device when a current toner level of the toner cartridge is between the first-threshold level and the second threshold level that is below the first threshold level;
determine a first estimated toner level of the current toner level of the toner cartridge when the current toner level of the toner cartridge is below the second threshold level, wherein the first estimated toner level is determined based on:
the print usage of the printing device that was monitored when the current toner level of the toner cartridge was between the first threshold level and the second threshold level that is below the first threshold level,
a number of pages printed since the second threshold level,
the first threshold level, and
the second threshold level; and
override a visual indication of the default toner level with a visual indication of the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge on the user interface to provide finer granularity of the current toner level that is otherwise unavailable from a display of the visual indication of the default toner level. 2. The printing device of claim 1, wherein the visual indication of the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge is displayed when a number of pages printed is in a range associated with the first estimated toner level. 3. The printing device of claim 1, wherein the visual indication of the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge includes one or more of a percentage of toner remaining in the toner cartridge or a number of remaining pages that can be printed. 4. The printing device of claim 1, wherein the one or more print processes are further configured to:
monitor a subsequent print usage between the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge and a second estimated toner level of the toner cartridge that is below the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge; determine accuracy of a third estimated toner level that is below the second estimated toner level of the toner cartridge based on the subsequent print usage, the first estimated toner level and the second estimated toner level. 5. The printing device of claim 1, wherein the one or more print processes are further configured to determine whether the current toner level is at a third threshold level that is below the second threshold level. 6. The printing device of claim 5, wherein the one or more print processes are further configured to display a lock indicator for the toner cartridge when the current toner level is not yet at the third threshold level, and is configured to not to display the lock indicator for the toner cartridge when the current toner level is at the third threshold level. 7. The printing device of claim 5, further comprising a network interface for communicatively coupling the printing device to a network, and wherein the one or more print processes are further configured to transmit an electronic notification to a remote device via the network interface when the current toner level is at the third threshold level. 8. The printing device of claim 5, wherein the one or more print processes are further configured to receive configuration data from a remote device and to configure the third threshold level based on the configuration data. 9. A one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions which, when processed by one or more processors, cause:
monitoring, by a printing device, a print usage of the printing device when a current toner level of a toner cartridge is between a first threshold level and a second threshold level that is below the first threshold level, wherein the first threshold level and the second threshold level are detected by at least one sensor of the printing device, wherein an amount of toner left in the toner cartridge that is at or below the second threshold level is associated with the same default toner level; determining, by the printing device, a first estimated toner level of the current toner level of the toner cartridge when the current toner level of the toner cartridge is below the second threshold level, wherein the first estimated toner level is determined based on:
the print usage of the printing device that was monitored when the current toner level of the toner cartridge was between the first threshold level and the second threshold level that is below the first threshold level,
a number of pages printed since the second threshold level,
the first threshold level, and
the second threshold level; and
overriding, by the printing device, a visual indication of the default toner level with a visual indication of the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge on a user interface to provide finer granularity of the current toner level that is otherwise unavailable from a display of the visual indication of the default toner level. 10. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 9, wherein the visual indication of the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge is displayed when a number of pages printed is in a range associated with the first estimated toner level. 11. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 9, wherein the visual indication of the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge includes one or more of a percentage of toner remaining in the toner cartridge or a number of remaining pages that can be printed. 12. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 9, wherein the instructions which, when processed by the one or more processors, further cause:
monitoring, by the printing device, a subsequent print usage between the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge and a second estimated toner level of the toner cartridge that is below the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge; determining, by the printing device, accuracy of a third estimated toner level that is below the second estimated toner level of the toner cartridge based on the subsequent print usage, the first estimated toner level and the second estimated toner level. 13. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 9, wherein the instructions which, when processed by the one or more processors, further cause determining, by the printing device, whether the current toner level is at a third threshold level that is below the second threshold level. 14. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 13, wherein the instructions which, when processed by the one or more processors, further cause displaying, by the printing device, a lock indicator for the toner cartridge only when the current toner level is not yet at the third threshold level. 15. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 13, wherein the instructions which, when processed by the one or more processors, further cause transmitting, by the printing device, an electronic notification to a remote device via a network interface of the printing device when the current toner level is at the third threshold level. 16. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 13, wherein the instructions which, when processed by the one or more processors, further cause receiving, by the printing device, configuration data from a remote device and configuring the third threshold level based on the configuration data. 17. A computer-implemented method comprising:
monitoring, by a printing device, a print usage of the printing device when a current toner level of a toner cartridge is between a first threshold level and a second threshold level that is below the first threshold level, wherein the first threshold level and the second threshold level are detected by at least one sensor of the printing device, wherein an amount of toner left in the toner cartridge that is at or below the second threshold level is associated with the same default toner level; determining, by the printing device, a first estimated toner level of the current toner level of the toner cartridge when the current toner level of the toner cartridge is below the second threshold level, wherein the first estimated toner level is determined based on:
the print usage of the printing device that was monitored when the current toner level of the toner cartridge was between the first threshold level and the second threshold level that is below the first threshold level,
a number of pages printed since the second threshold level,
the first threshold level, and
the second threshold level; and
overriding, by the printing device, a visual indication of the default toner level with a visual indication of the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge on a user interface to provide finer granularity of the current toner level that is otherwise unavailable from a display of the visual indication of the default toner level. 18. The computer-implemented method of claim 17, wherein the visual indication of the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge is displayed when a number of pages printed is in a range associated with the first estimated toner level, and wherein the visual indication of the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge includes one or more of a percentage of toner remaining in the toner cartridge or a number of remaining pages that can be printed. 19. The computer-implemented method of claim 17, further comprising:
monitoring, by the printing device, a subsequent print usage between the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge and a second estimated toner level of the toner cartridge that is below the first estimated toner level of the toner cartridge; determining, by the printing device, accuracy of a third estimated toner level that is below the second estimated toner level of the toner cartridge based on the subsequent print usage, the first estimated toner level and the second estimated toner level. 20. The computer-implemented method of claim 17, further comprising:
determining, by the printing device, whether the current toner level is at a third threshold level that is below the second threshold level; transmitting, by the printing device, an electronic notification to a remote device via a network interface of the printing device when the current toner level is at the third threshold level. | 2,800 |
346,773 | 16,805,220 | 2,852 | Embodiments of the present invention disclose an optical signal transmission system and an optical signal transmission method. A specific solution is as follows: a first coherent transceiver is configured to: convert N channels of downlink data into N modulating signals, convert the N modulating signals into a first wavelength division multiplexing signal, and send the first wavelength division multiplexing signal to an optical transport unit; the optical transport unit is configured to: receive the first wavelength division multiplexing signal, convert the first wavelength division multiplexing signal into N second optical signals, and correspondingly send the N second optical signals to N second coherent transceivers; and one of the N second coherent transceivers is configured to: receive the N second optical signals, and process the N second optical signals to obtain information in downlink data carried in the N second optical signals. | 1. An optical signal transmission system, comprising: a first coherent transceiver, an optical transporter, and N second coherent transceivers, wherein
the first coherent transceiver is configured to convert N channels of downlink data into N modulating signals, wherein the N modulating signals each has a different frequency, one of the N modulating signals comprises a first sub-signal in a first polarization state and a second sub-signal in a second polarization state, the first polarization state is orthogonal to the second polarization state, and the first sub-signal and the second sub-signal carry information comprised in downlink data corresponding to the modulating signal; the first coherent transceiver is further configured to: convert the N modulating signals into a first wavelength division multiplexing signal, and send the first wavelength division multiplexing signal to the optical transporter, wherein the first wavelength division multiplexing signal comprises N first optical signals, and the N first optical signals correspond to the N modulating signals; the optical transporter is configured to: receive the first wavelength division multiplexing signal sent by the first coherent transceiver, convert the first wavelength division multiplexing signal into N second optical signals through transmission processing, and correspondingly send the N second optical signals to the N second coherent transceivers; and the N second coherent transceivers are configured to: receive the N second optical signals sent by the optical transporter, and process the N second optical signals to obtain information in downlink data carried in the N second optical signals, wherein the ith second coherent transceiver is configured to process the ith second optical signal to obtain information in downlink data carried in the ith second optical signal, and i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N. 2. The optical signal transmission system according to claim 1, wherein the first coherent transceiver comprises: N groups of processors, configured to perform symbol modulation, space-time block coding, and frequency domain modulation on the N channels of downlink data, respectively, to generate the N modulating signals, wherein the ith group of processors are configured to perform symbol modulation, space-time block coding processing, and frequency domain modulation on the ith channel of downlink data, to generate the ith modulating signal. 3. The optical signal transmission system according to claim 2, wherein the ith group of processors is configured to:
perform symbol modulation on the ith channel of downlink data, to generate a signal output comprising at least one symbol; perform polarized and time-dimensional space-time coding on the signal output comprising the at least one symbol output, to generate a space-time coded signal output; and perform frequency domain modulation on the space-time coded signal output, to generate the ith modulating signal. 4. The optical signal transmission system according to claim 2, wherein the first coherent transceiver further comprises:
a combiner, configured to combine the N modulating signals output by the N groups of processors, to generate a combined signal output; a digital-to-analog converter, configured to perform digital-to-analog conversion on the combined signal output, to generate an analog signal output; and a coherent modulator, configured to perform, by using a first optical carrier, coherent modulation on the analog signal output, to generate the first wavelength division multiplexing signal output. 5. The optical signal transmission system according to claim 1, wherein the ith second coherent transceiver comprises: a coupler, configured to couple local oscillator light to the ith second optical signal received by the ith second coherent transceiver, to generate at least one coupled optical signal output;
an optical-to-electrical convertor, configured to perform optical-to-electrical conversion on the at least one coupled optical signal output, to generate at least one electrical signal output; and a digital signal processor, configured to perform digital signal processing on the at least one electrical signal output, to obtain, through demodulation, the information in the downlink data carried in the ith second optical signal. 6. The optical signal transmission system according to claim 5, wherein the coupler is a 2×1 coupler, and the optical-to-electrical convertor comprises one photoelectric detector;
the coupler is a 2×2 coupler, and the optical-to-electrical convertor comprises one balanced photoelectric detector or two photoelectric detectors;
the coupler is a 3×3 coupler, and the optical-to-electrical convertor comprises three photoelectric detectors; or
the coupler is an asymmetric 3×3 coupler, and the optical-to-electrical convertor comprises two photoelectric detectors. 7. The optical signal transmission system according to claim 5, wherein
the ith second coherent transceiver further comprises a local oscillator laser, wherein the local oscillator laser is configured to generate the local oscillator light and serve as a light source of the ith second coherent transceiver, or the local oscillator light is generated by a local oscillator outside the ith second coherent transceiver. 8. The optical signal transmission system according to claim 1, wherein the optical transporter comprises at least one of an optical switcher, or an optical power splitter. 9. The optical signal transmission system according to claim 1, wherein
the N second coherent transceivers are further configured to modulate N channels of uplink data, to generate N third optical signals, wherein the jth third optical signal carries information comprised in the jth channel of uplink data, and j is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N; the optical transporter is further configured to: receive the N third optical signals sent by the N second coherent transceivers, and perform transmission processing on the N third optical signals, to generate a second wavelength division multiplexing signal, wherein the second wavelength division multiplexing signal comprises the N third optical signals, and the N third optical signals each has a different frequency; and the first coherent transceiver is further configured to: receive the second wavelength division multiplexing signal, and obtain, through digital signal processing, information in uplink data carried in the N third optical signals. 10. The optical signal transmission system according to claim 9, wherein
the jth second coherent transceiver in the N second coherent transceivers is configured to modulate a light source of the jth second coherent transceiver with the jth channel of uplink data, to generate the jth third optical signal. 11. An optical signal transmission method, wherein the method is applied to an optical signal transmission system, the optical signal transmission system comprises a first coherent transceiver, an optical transporter, and N second coherent transceivers, and the method comprises:
converting, by the first coherent transceiver, N channels of downlink data into N modulating signals, wherein the N modulating signals each has a different frequency, one of the N modulating signals comprises a first sub-signal in a first polarization state and a second sub-signal in a second polarization state, the first polarization state is orthogonal to the second polarization state, and the first sub-signal and the second sub-signal carry information comprised in downlink data corresponding to the modulating signal; converting, by the first coherent transceiver, the N modulating signals into a first wavelength division multiplexing signal, and sending the first wavelength division multiplexing signal to the optical transporter wherein the first wavelength division multiplexing signal comprises N first optical signals, and the N first optical signals correspond to the N modulating signals; receiving, by the optical transporter transport unit, the first wavelength division multiplexing signal sent by the first coherent transceiver, converting the first wavelength division multiplexing signal into N second optical signals through transmission processing, and correspondingly sending the N second optical signals to the N second coherent transceivers; and receiving, by the N second coherent transceivers, the N second optical signals sent by the optical transporter, and processing the N second optical signals to obtain information in downlink data carried in the N second optical signals, wherein the ith second coherent transceiver processes the ith second optical signal to obtain information in downlink data carried in the ith second optical signal, and i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N. 12. The optical signal transmission method according to claim 11, wherein the first coherent transceiver comprises N groups of processors, and the converting, by the first coherent transceiver, the N channels of downlink data into modulating signals comprises:
performing, by the N groups of processors, symbol modulation, space-time block coding, and frequency domain modulation on the N channels of downlink data, respectively, to generate the N modulating signals, wherein the ith group of processors processing units perform symbol modulation, space-time block coding processing, and frequency domain modulation on the ith channel of downlink data, to generate the ith modulating signal. 13. The optical signal transmission method according to claim 12, wherein the performing, by the ith group of processors, symbol modulation, space-time block coding processing, and frequency domain modulation on the ith channel of downlink data, to generate the ith modulating signal comprises:
performing, symbol modulation on the ith channel of downlink data, to generate a signal output comprising at least one symbol; performing polarized and time-dimensional space-time coding on the signal output comprising the at least one symbol, to generate a space-time coded signal output; and performing frequency domain modulation on the space-time coded signal output, to generate the ith modulating signal for output. 14. The optical signal transmission method according to claim 12, wherein the first coherent transceiver further comprises a combiner, a digital-to-analog converter, and a coherent modulator, and the converting, by the first coherent transceiver, the N modulating signals into a first wavelength division multiplexing signal comprises:
combining, by the combiner, the N modulating signals output by the N groups of processors, to generate a combined signal output; performing, by the digital-to-analog converter, digital-to-analog conversion on the combined signal output, to generate an analog signal output; and performing, by the coherent modulator by using a first optical carrier, coherent modulation on the analog signal output, to generate the first wavelength division multiplexing signal output. 15. The optical signal transmission method according to claim 11, wherein the ith second coherent transceiver comprises a coupler, an optical-to-electrical convertor, and a digital signal processor, and the processing, by the ith second coherent transceiver, the ith second optical signal to obtain information in downlink data carried in the ith second optical signal comprises:
coupling, by the coupler, local oscillator light to the ith second optical signal received by the ith second coherent transceiver, to generate at least one coupled optical signal output; performing, by the optical-to-electrical convertor, optical-to-electrical conversion on the at least one coupled optical signal output, to generate at least one electrical signal output; and performing, by the digital signal processor, digital signal processing on the at least one electrical signal output, to obtain, through demodulation, the information in the downlink data carried in the ith second optical signal. 16. The optical signal transmission method according to claim 15, wherein
the coupler is a 2×1 coupler, and the optical-to-electrical convertor comprises one photoelectric detector; the coupler is a 2×2 coupler, and the optical-to-electrical convertor comprises one balanced photoelectric detector or two photoelectric detectors; the coupler is a 3×3 coupler, and the optical-to-electrical convertor comprises three photoelectric detectors; or the coupler is an asymmetric 3×3 coupler, and the optical-to-electrical convertor component comprises two photoelectric detectors. 17. The optical signal transmission method according to claim 15, wherein
the ith second coherent transceiver further comprises a local oscillator laser, wherein the local oscillator laser is configured to generate the local oscillator light and serve as a light source of the ith second coherent transceiver, or the local oscillator light is generated by a local oscillator outside the ith second coherent transceiver. 18. The optical signal transmission method according to claim 11, wherein
the optical transporter comprises at least one of an optical switcher, or an optical power splitter. 19. The optical signal transmission method according to claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
modulating, by the N second coherent transceivers, N channels of uplink data, to generate N third optical signals, wherein the jth third optical signal carries information comprised in the jth channel of uplink data, and j is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N; receiving, by the optical transporter transport unit, the N third optical signals sent by the N second coherent transceivers, and performing transmission processing on the N third optical signals, to generate a second wavelength division multiplexing signal, wherein the second wavelength division multiplexing signal comprises the N third optical signals, and the N third optical signals each has a different frequency; and receiving, by the first coherent transceiver, the second wavelength division multiplexing signal, and obtaining, through digital signal processing, information in uplink data carried in the N third optical signals. 20. The optical signal transmission method according to claim 19, wherein modulating, by the jth second coherent transceiver in the N second coherent transceivers, the jth channel of uplink data, to generate the jth third optical signal comprises:
modulating, by the jth second coherent transceiver, a light source of the jth second coherent transceiver with the jth channel of uplink data, to generate the jth third optical signal. | Embodiments of the present invention disclose an optical signal transmission system and an optical signal transmission method. A specific solution is as follows: a first coherent transceiver is configured to: convert N channels of downlink data into N modulating signals, convert the N modulating signals into a first wavelength division multiplexing signal, and send the first wavelength division multiplexing signal to an optical transport unit; the optical transport unit is configured to: receive the first wavelength division multiplexing signal, convert the first wavelength division multiplexing signal into N second optical signals, and correspondingly send the N second optical signals to N second coherent transceivers; and one of the N second coherent transceivers is configured to: receive the N second optical signals, and process the N second optical signals to obtain information in downlink data carried in the N second optical signals.1. An optical signal transmission system, comprising: a first coherent transceiver, an optical transporter, and N second coherent transceivers, wherein
the first coherent transceiver is configured to convert N channels of downlink data into N modulating signals, wherein the N modulating signals each has a different frequency, one of the N modulating signals comprises a first sub-signal in a first polarization state and a second sub-signal in a second polarization state, the first polarization state is orthogonal to the second polarization state, and the first sub-signal and the second sub-signal carry information comprised in downlink data corresponding to the modulating signal; the first coherent transceiver is further configured to: convert the N modulating signals into a first wavelength division multiplexing signal, and send the first wavelength division multiplexing signal to the optical transporter, wherein the first wavelength division multiplexing signal comprises N first optical signals, and the N first optical signals correspond to the N modulating signals; the optical transporter is configured to: receive the first wavelength division multiplexing signal sent by the first coherent transceiver, convert the first wavelength division multiplexing signal into N second optical signals through transmission processing, and correspondingly send the N second optical signals to the N second coherent transceivers; and the N second coherent transceivers are configured to: receive the N second optical signals sent by the optical transporter, and process the N second optical signals to obtain information in downlink data carried in the N second optical signals, wherein the ith second coherent transceiver is configured to process the ith second optical signal to obtain information in downlink data carried in the ith second optical signal, and i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N. 2. The optical signal transmission system according to claim 1, wherein the first coherent transceiver comprises: N groups of processors, configured to perform symbol modulation, space-time block coding, and frequency domain modulation on the N channels of downlink data, respectively, to generate the N modulating signals, wherein the ith group of processors are configured to perform symbol modulation, space-time block coding processing, and frequency domain modulation on the ith channel of downlink data, to generate the ith modulating signal. 3. The optical signal transmission system according to claim 2, wherein the ith group of processors is configured to:
perform symbol modulation on the ith channel of downlink data, to generate a signal output comprising at least one symbol; perform polarized and time-dimensional space-time coding on the signal output comprising the at least one symbol output, to generate a space-time coded signal output; and perform frequency domain modulation on the space-time coded signal output, to generate the ith modulating signal. 4. The optical signal transmission system according to claim 2, wherein the first coherent transceiver further comprises:
a combiner, configured to combine the N modulating signals output by the N groups of processors, to generate a combined signal output; a digital-to-analog converter, configured to perform digital-to-analog conversion on the combined signal output, to generate an analog signal output; and a coherent modulator, configured to perform, by using a first optical carrier, coherent modulation on the analog signal output, to generate the first wavelength division multiplexing signal output. 5. The optical signal transmission system according to claim 1, wherein the ith second coherent transceiver comprises: a coupler, configured to couple local oscillator light to the ith second optical signal received by the ith second coherent transceiver, to generate at least one coupled optical signal output;
an optical-to-electrical convertor, configured to perform optical-to-electrical conversion on the at least one coupled optical signal output, to generate at least one electrical signal output; and a digital signal processor, configured to perform digital signal processing on the at least one electrical signal output, to obtain, through demodulation, the information in the downlink data carried in the ith second optical signal. 6. The optical signal transmission system according to claim 5, wherein the coupler is a 2×1 coupler, and the optical-to-electrical convertor comprises one photoelectric detector;
the coupler is a 2×2 coupler, and the optical-to-electrical convertor comprises one balanced photoelectric detector or two photoelectric detectors;
the coupler is a 3×3 coupler, and the optical-to-electrical convertor comprises three photoelectric detectors; or
the coupler is an asymmetric 3×3 coupler, and the optical-to-electrical convertor comprises two photoelectric detectors. 7. The optical signal transmission system according to claim 5, wherein
the ith second coherent transceiver further comprises a local oscillator laser, wherein the local oscillator laser is configured to generate the local oscillator light and serve as a light source of the ith second coherent transceiver, or the local oscillator light is generated by a local oscillator outside the ith second coherent transceiver. 8. The optical signal transmission system according to claim 1, wherein the optical transporter comprises at least one of an optical switcher, or an optical power splitter. 9. The optical signal transmission system according to claim 1, wherein
the N second coherent transceivers are further configured to modulate N channels of uplink data, to generate N third optical signals, wherein the jth third optical signal carries information comprised in the jth channel of uplink data, and j is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N; the optical transporter is further configured to: receive the N third optical signals sent by the N second coherent transceivers, and perform transmission processing on the N third optical signals, to generate a second wavelength division multiplexing signal, wherein the second wavelength division multiplexing signal comprises the N third optical signals, and the N third optical signals each has a different frequency; and the first coherent transceiver is further configured to: receive the second wavelength division multiplexing signal, and obtain, through digital signal processing, information in uplink data carried in the N third optical signals. 10. The optical signal transmission system according to claim 9, wherein
the jth second coherent transceiver in the N second coherent transceivers is configured to modulate a light source of the jth second coherent transceiver with the jth channel of uplink data, to generate the jth third optical signal. 11. An optical signal transmission method, wherein the method is applied to an optical signal transmission system, the optical signal transmission system comprises a first coherent transceiver, an optical transporter, and N second coherent transceivers, and the method comprises:
converting, by the first coherent transceiver, N channels of downlink data into N modulating signals, wherein the N modulating signals each has a different frequency, one of the N modulating signals comprises a first sub-signal in a first polarization state and a second sub-signal in a second polarization state, the first polarization state is orthogonal to the second polarization state, and the first sub-signal and the second sub-signal carry information comprised in downlink data corresponding to the modulating signal; converting, by the first coherent transceiver, the N modulating signals into a first wavelength division multiplexing signal, and sending the first wavelength division multiplexing signal to the optical transporter wherein the first wavelength division multiplexing signal comprises N first optical signals, and the N first optical signals correspond to the N modulating signals; receiving, by the optical transporter transport unit, the first wavelength division multiplexing signal sent by the first coherent transceiver, converting the first wavelength division multiplexing signal into N second optical signals through transmission processing, and correspondingly sending the N second optical signals to the N second coherent transceivers; and receiving, by the N second coherent transceivers, the N second optical signals sent by the optical transporter, and processing the N second optical signals to obtain information in downlink data carried in the N second optical signals, wherein the ith second coherent transceiver processes the ith second optical signal to obtain information in downlink data carried in the ith second optical signal, and i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N. 12. The optical signal transmission method according to claim 11, wherein the first coherent transceiver comprises N groups of processors, and the converting, by the first coherent transceiver, the N channels of downlink data into modulating signals comprises:
performing, by the N groups of processors, symbol modulation, space-time block coding, and frequency domain modulation on the N channels of downlink data, respectively, to generate the N modulating signals, wherein the ith group of processors processing units perform symbol modulation, space-time block coding processing, and frequency domain modulation on the ith channel of downlink data, to generate the ith modulating signal. 13. The optical signal transmission method according to claim 12, wherein the performing, by the ith group of processors, symbol modulation, space-time block coding processing, and frequency domain modulation on the ith channel of downlink data, to generate the ith modulating signal comprises:
performing, symbol modulation on the ith channel of downlink data, to generate a signal output comprising at least one symbol; performing polarized and time-dimensional space-time coding on the signal output comprising the at least one symbol, to generate a space-time coded signal output; and performing frequency domain modulation on the space-time coded signal output, to generate the ith modulating signal for output. 14. The optical signal transmission method according to claim 12, wherein the first coherent transceiver further comprises a combiner, a digital-to-analog converter, and a coherent modulator, and the converting, by the first coherent transceiver, the N modulating signals into a first wavelength division multiplexing signal comprises:
combining, by the combiner, the N modulating signals output by the N groups of processors, to generate a combined signal output; performing, by the digital-to-analog converter, digital-to-analog conversion on the combined signal output, to generate an analog signal output; and performing, by the coherent modulator by using a first optical carrier, coherent modulation on the analog signal output, to generate the first wavelength division multiplexing signal output. 15. The optical signal transmission method according to claim 11, wherein the ith second coherent transceiver comprises a coupler, an optical-to-electrical convertor, and a digital signal processor, and the processing, by the ith second coherent transceiver, the ith second optical signal to obtain information in downlink data carried in the ith second optical signal comprises:
coupling, by the coupler, local oscillator light to the ith second optical signal received by the ith second coherent transceiver, to generate at least one coupled optical signal output; performing, by the optical-to-electrical convertor, optical-to-electrical conversion on the at least one coupled optical signal output, to generate at least one electrical signal output; and performing, by the digital signal processor, digital signal processing on the at least one electrical signal output, to obtain, through demodulation, the information in the downlink data carried in the ith second optical signal. 16. The optical signal transmission method according to claim 15, wherein
the coupler is a 2×1 coupler, and the optical-to-electrical convertor comprises one photoelectric detector; the coupler is a 2×2 coupler, and the optical-to-electrical convertor comprises one balanced photoelectric detector or two photoelectric detectors; the coupler is a 3×3 coupler, and the optical-to-electrical convertor comprises three photoelectric detectors; or the coupler is an asymmetric 3×3 coupler, and the optical-to-electrical convertor component comprises two photoelectric detectors. 17. The optical signal transmission method according to claim 15, wherein
the ith second coherent transceiver further comprises a local oscillator laser, wherein the local oscillator laser is configured to generate the local oscillator light and serve as a light source of the ith second coherent transceiver, or the local oscillator light is generated by a local oscillator outside the ith second coherent transceiver. 18. The optical signal transmission method according to claim 11, wherein
the optical transporter comprises at least one of an optical switcher, or an optical power splitter. 19. The optical signal transmission method according to claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
modulating, by the N second coherent transceivers, N channels of uplink data, to generate N third optical signals, wherein the jth third optical signal carries information comprised in the jth channel of uplink data, and j is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N; receiving, by the optical transporter transport unit, the N third optical signals sent by the N second coherent transceivers, and performing transmission processing on the N third optical signals, to generate a second wavelength division multiplexing signal, wherein the second wavelength division multiplexing signal comprises the N third optical signals, and the N third optical signals each has a different frequency; and receiving, by the first coherent transceiver, the second wavelength division multiplexing signal, and obtaining, through digital signal processing, information in uplink data carried in the N third optical signals. 20. The optical signal transmission method according to claim 19, wherein modulating, by the jth second coherent transceiver in the N second coherent transceivers, the jth channel of uplink data, to generate the jth third optical signal comprises:
modulating, by the jth second coherent transceiver, a light source of the jth second coherent transceiver with the jth channel of uplink data, to generate the jth third optical signal. | 2,800 |
346,774 | 16,805,233 | 2,852 | A system for controlling an appliance having a plurality of burners operated by a plurality of digital gas valves includes a plurality of control selectors that are configurably assigned to a specified burner or burners. | 1. A control selector system for an appliance having a plurality of burners operated by a plurality of digital gas valves comprising:
a controller having a concomitant data memory, the controller having a plurality of inputs and outputs for receiving and providing electrical signals to a plurality of electrical components of the appliance, wherein each of the plurality of digital gas valves is operatively coupled to an output from the controller; and a plurality of control selectors each having an electrical output operatively coupled to an input of the controller, wherein the output of each control selector is representative of a desired burner output; wherein at least one of the control selectors is configurably assigned to a specified one of the digital gas valves to control a specified one of the burners operated thereby. 2. The system of claim 1 comprising:
a user interface operatively coupled to the controller, wherein the user interface includes a display for assigning a specified control selector to a specific digital gas valve. 3. The system of claim 2 wherein the user interface includes a display for assigning at least one control selector to operate one or more digital gas valves. 4. The system of claim 2 wherein the controller assigns each control selector to at least one digital gas valve and burner responsive to selections on the user interface. 5. The system of claim 2 wherein the controller disables all control selector assignments in response to selections on the user interface, thereby disabling operation of all of the gas valves. 6. The system of claim 1 comprising:
a user interface operatively coupled to the controller, the user interface including suitable programming instructions for assigning a specified control selector to a specific digital gas valve. 7. The system of claim 6 wherein the user interface is operable to assign at least one of the plurality of control selectors to at least one of the digital gas valves and wherein the controller accepts an input from the at least one of the control selectors representative of a valve position and provides an output to the at least one digital gas valve corresponding to the valve position. 8. The system of claim 6 wherein the user interface is operable to assign at least one of the plurality of control selectors to a specific one of the digital gas valves and wherein the controller accepts an input from the at least one of the control selectors representative of a valve position and provides an output to the specific one digital gas valve corresponding to the valve position. 9. The system of claim 6 wherein the user interface is operable to assign each of the plurality of control selectors to a specific one of the digital gas valves and wherein the controller accepts an input from the control selectors representative of a valve position and provides an output to the assigned digital gas valves corresponding to the valve position. 10. The system of claim 6 wherein the user interface is operable to assign at least one of the plurality of control selectors to a plurality of the digital gas valves and wherein the controller accepts an input from the at least one of the control selectors representative of a valve position and provides a plurality of outputs to the plurality of digital gas valves corresponding to the valve position. 11. The system of claim 10 wherein a single control selector is assigned to control a plurality of digital gas valves and wherein at least one control selector is assigned to control a specified digital gas valve. 12. The system of claim 6 wherein the user interface is operable to assign no control selectors to the digital gas valves. 13. The system of claim 6 wherein the controller is configured to position all of the digital gas valves in a closed position prior to assigning a specified control selector to a specific digital gas valve. 14. The system of claim 6 wherein the user interface provides a display for configuring the assignment of a specified control selector to a specific digital gas valve. 15. The system of claim 14 wherein the display of the user interface comprises:
an iconographic representation of the control selectors and the burners. 16.-20. (canceled) 21. A cooking appliance, comprising:
a plurality of gas cooktop burners having associated digital gas valves that selectively couple the plurality of gas cooktop burners to a gas supply, the plurality of gas cooktop burners including first and second gas cooktop burners; a plurality of control selectors configured to control heat levels of the plurality of gas cooktop burners, the plurality of control selectors including first and second control selectors, the first control selector assigned to the first gas cooktop burner and the second control selector assigned to the second gas cooktop burner; and a controller configured to control the plurality of digital gas valves in response to user input directed to the plurality of control selectors, including by controlling the digital gas valve for the first gas cooktop burner in response to user input directed to the first control selector and controlling the second gas cooktop burner in response to user input directed to the second control selector, wherein the controller is further configured to configurably reassign the first control selector to the second gas cooktop burner and the second control selector to the first gas cooktop burner in response to user input and thereafter control the digital gas valve for the second gas cooktop burner in response to user input directed to the first control selector and control the first gas cooktop burner in response to user input directed to the second control selector. 22. The cooking appliance of claim 21, further comprising a plurality of status displays respectively associated with the plurality of control selectors, wherein the controller is configured to control each status display to indicate to which among the plurality of gas cooktop burners each associated control selector is currently assigned. 23. The cooking appliance of claim 22, wherein each of the plurality of status displays includes a plurality of lights arranged in a pattern representative of an arrangement of the gas cooktop burners on a cooktop, and wherein the controller is configured to control each status display to illuminate a light among the plurality of lights in the associated status display that represents the gas cooktop burner to which the associated control selector is currently assigned. 24. The cooking appliance of claim 22, wherein each of the plurality of status displays includes a display screen, and wherein the controller is configured to control each status display to display a graphical indication that represents the gas cooktop burner to which the associated control selector is currently assigned. 25. The cooking appliance of claim 21, further comprising a user interface, wherein the controller is configured to configurably reassign the first control selector to the second gas cooktop burner and the second control selector to the first gas cooktop burner in response to user input directed to the user interface. | A system for controlling an appliance having a plurality of burners operated by a plurality of digital gas valves includes a plurality of control selectors that are configurably assigned to a specified burner or burners.1. A control selector system for an appliance having a plurality of burners operated by a plurality of digital gas valves comprising:
a controller having a concomitant data memory, the controller having a plurality of inputs and outputs for receiving and providing electrical signals to a plurality of electrical components of the appliance, wherein each of the plurality of digital gas valves is operatively coupled to an output from the controller; and a plurality of control selectors each having an electrical output operatively coupled to an input of the controller, wherein the output of each control selector is representative of a desired burner output; wherein at least one of the control selectors is configurably assigned to a specified one of the digital gas valves to control a specified one of the burners operated thereby. 2. The system of claim 1 comprising:
a user interface operatively coupled to the controller, wherein the user interface includes a display for assigning a specified control selector to a specific digital gas valve. 3. The system of claim 2 wherein the user interface includes a display for assigning at least one control selector to operate one or more digital gas valves. 4. The system of claim 2 wherein the controller assigns each control selector to at least one digital gas valve and burner responsive to selections on the user interface. 5. The system of claim 2 wherein the controller disables all control selector assignments in response to selections on the user interface, thereby disabling operation of all of the gas valves. 6. The system of claim 1 comprising:
a user interface operatively coupled to the controller, the user interface including suitable programming instructions for assigning a specified control selector to a specific digital gas valve. 7. The system of claim 6 wherein the user interface is operable to assign at least one of the plurality of control selectors to at least one of the digital gas valves and wherein the controller accepts an input from the at least one of the control selectors representative of a valve position and provides an output to the at least one digital gas valve corresponding to the valve position. 8. The system of claim 6 wherein the user interface is operable to assign at least one of the plurality of control selectors to a specific one of the digital gas valves and wherein the controller accepts an input from the at least one of the control selectors representative of a valve position and provides an output to the specific one digital gas valve corresponding to the valve position. 9. The system of claim 6 wherein the user interface is operable to assign each of the plurality of control selectors to a specific one of the digital gas valves and wherein the controller accepts an input from the control selectors representative of a valve position and provides an output to the assigned digital gas valves corresponding to the valve position. 10. The system of claim 6 wherein the user interface is operable to assign at least one of the plurality of control selectors to a plurality of the digital gas valves and wherein the controller accepts an input from the at least one of the control selectors representative of a valve position and provides a plurality of outputs to the plurality of digital gas valves corresponding to the valve position. 11. The system of claim 10 wherein a single control selector is assigned to control a plurality of digital gas valves and wherein at least one control selector is assigned to control a specified digital gas valve. 12. The system of claim 6 wherein the user interface is operable to assign no control selectors to the digital gas valves. 13. The system of claim 6 wherein the controller is configured to position all of the digital gas valves in a closed position prior to assigning a specified control selector to a specific digital gas valve. 14. The system of claim 6 wherein the user interface provides a display for configuring the assignment of a specified control selector to a specific digital gas valve. 15. The system of claim 14 wherein the display of the user interface comprises:
an iconographic representation of the control selectors and the burners. 16.-20. (canceled) 21. A cooking appliance, comprising:
a plurality of gas cooktop burners having associated digital gas valves that selectively couple the plurality of gas cooktop burners to a gas supply, the plurality of gas cooktop burners including first and second gas cooktop burners; a plurality of control selectors configured to control heat levels of the plurality of gas cooktop burners, the plurality of control selectors including first and second control selectors, the first control selector assigned to the first gas cooktop burner and the second control selector assigned to the second gas cooktop burner; and a controller configured to control the plurality of digital gas valves in response to user input directed to the plurality of control selectors, including by controlling the digital gas valve for the first gas cooktop burner in response to user input directed to the first control selector and controlling the second gas cooktop burner in response to user input directed to the second control selector, wherein the controller is further configured to configurably reassign the first control selector to the second gas cooktop burner and the second control selector to the first gas cooktop burner in response to user input and thereafter control the digital gas valve for the second gas cooktop burner in response to user input directed to the first control selector and control the first gas cooktop burner in response to user input directed to the second control selector. 22. The cooking appliance of claim 21, further comprising a plurality of status displays respectively associated with the plurality of control selectors, wherein the controller is configured to control each status display to indicate to which among the plurality of gas cooktop burners each associated control selector is currently assigned. 23. The cooking appliance of claim 22, wherein each of the plurality of status displays includes a plurality of lights arranged in a pattern representative of an arrangement of the gas cooktop burners on a cooktop, and wherein the controller is configured to control each status display to illuminate a light among the plurality of lights in the associated status display that represents the gas cooktop burner to which the associated control selector is currently assigned. 24. The cooking appliance of claim 22, wherein each of the plurality of status displays includes a display screen, and wherein the controller is configured to control each status display to display a graphical indication that represents the gas cooktop burner to which the associated control selector is currently assigned. 25. The cooking appliance of claim 21, further comprising a user interface, wherein the controller is configured to configurably reassign the first control selector to the second gas cooktop burner and the second control selector to the first gas cooktop burner in response to user input directed to the user interface. | 2,800 |
346,775 | 16,805,181 | 2,852 | An implantable device is disclosed. The device includes a leaflet frame subcomponent and an anchor frame subcomponent that are configured to be delivered in a series configuration and subsequently nested or telescoped in-situ. | 1. A prosthetic valve transitionable between a delivery configuration and a deployed, nested configuration in-situ, the prosthetic valve comprising:
a leaflet frame subcomponent defining a tubular shape and having a leaflet frame subcomponent wall extending from a leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end and a leaflet frame subcomponent outflow end and the leaflet frame subcomponent defining a leaflet frame subcomponent lumen, the leaflet frame subcomponent including a one-way valve; an anchor frame subcomponent defining a tubular shape and having an anchor frame subcomponent inflow end and an anchor frame subcomponent outflow end, and the anchor frame subcomponent defining an anchor frame subcomponent lumen; a connecting sheath defining a tubular shape and having a connecting sheath inflow end coupled to the anchor frame subcomponent outflow end and a connecting sheath outflow end coupled to the leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end coupling the leaflet frame subcomponent to the anchor frame subcomponent, and the connecting sheath defining a connecting sheath lumen; and a retention element having a retention element first end and a retention element second end, the retention element second end being coupled to the connecting sheath outflow end, wherein when the prosthetic valve is in the delivery configuration, the leaflet frame subcomponent and the anchor frame subcomponent are longitudinally offset from one another such that the leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end is situated distal of the anchor frame subcomponent outflow end, wherein the retention element resides within the connecting sheath lumen and extends away from the leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end and substantially parallel with a longitudinal axis of the leaflet frame subcomponent and adjacent to the connecting sheath, wherein, when the prosthetic valve is in the deployed, nested configuration, the anchor frame subcomponent inflow end flares or tapers radially outward, wherein, when the prosthetic valve is in the deployed, nested configuration, the connecting sheath is everted and the leaflet frame subcomponent is at least partially nested within the anchor frame subcomponent lumen, the retention element has translated within the anchor frame subcomponent lumen towards the anchor frame subcomponent inflow end, and the retention element is biased outwardly against the anchor frame subcomponent with an outward bias such that the retention element extends from the leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end to the anchor frame subcomponent inflow end. 2. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein the prosthetic valve is transitionable between the delivery configuration and a deployed, nested configuration via an expanded pre-deployed, un-nested configuration. 3. The prosthetic valve of claim 2, wherein the retention element is pivotable about the retention element second end upon translation of the retention element translated within the anchor frame subcomponent lumen towards the anchor frame subcomponent inflow end, such that the retention element extends from the leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end to the anchor frame subcomponent inflow end. 4. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein the leaflet frame subcomponent includes a leaflet frame defining a leaflet frame wall, one or more leaflets, and leaflet frame cover, the leaflet frame is generally tubular shaped defining a leaflet frame inflow end and a leaflet frame outflow end with a leaflet frame lumen therethrough. 5. The prosthetic valve of claim 4, wherein the leaflet frame wall of the leaflet frame is at least partially covered with the leaflet frame cover configured to restrict fluid from passing through the covered portion of the leaflet frame wall. 6. The prosthetic valve of claim 4, wherein the one or more leaflets are operable to open to allow flow from the leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end and to pass through the leaflet frame subcomponent outflow end in antegrade flow conditions, and are operable to close to restrict flow from flowing from the leaflet frame subcomponent outflow end through the leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end in retrograde flow conditions. 7. The prosthetic valve of claim 4, wherein the retention element second end is not directly coupled to the leaflet frame at the leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end, there being a portion of the connecting sheath therebetween. 8. The prosthetic valve of claim 4, wherein the leaflets comprise a composite material including a porous synthetic fluoropolymer membrane defining pores and an elastomer or elastomeric material filling the pores. 9. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein the anchor frame subcomponent includes an anchor frame and an anchor frame cover, the anchor frame defines a generally tubular shape extending between the anchor frame subcomponent inflow end and the anchor frame subcomponent outflow end, an anchor frame inner surface and an anchor frame outer surface defining an anchor frame wall, the anchor frame is at least partially covered with the anchor frame cover to restrict fluid from passing through the anchor frame wall. 10. The prosthetic valve of claim 9, wherein, when the prosthetic valve is in the deployed, nested configuration, the anchor frame defines a flared portion at the anchor frame subcomponent inflow end that flares or tapers radially outward. 11. The prosthetic valve of claim 9, when dependent on any of claims 4 to 8, wherein the connecting sheath is contiguous with the anchor frame cover and the leaflet frame cover. 12. The prosthetic valve of claim 9, wherein the leaflet frame subcomponent includes a leaflet frame defining a leaflet frame wall, one or more leaflets, and leaflet frame cover, the leaflet frame is generally tubular shaped defining a leaflet frame inflow end and a leaflet frame outflow end with a leaflet frame lumen therethrough and, wherein the retention element is coupled to the connecting sheath between, but not directly coupled to, the leaflet frame or the anchor frame such that the retention element is operable to maintain the nested configuration of the anchor frame subcomponent and the leaflet frame subcomponent. 13. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein the prosthetic valve has a smaller diameter in the delivery configuration than in the deployed, nested configuration. 14. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein, in the deployed, nested configuration, the anchor frame subcomponent has an anchor frame subcomponent inner surface having a diameter at least slightly larger than a leaflet frame subcomponent outer surface of the leaflet frame subcomponent and the leaflet frame subcomponent is nested within the anchor frame subcomponent. 15. The prosthetic valve of claim 2, wherein the connecting sheath is a thin-walled flexible tubular member having a connecting sheath inner surface that defines a connecting sheath lumen in fluid communication with the anchor frame subcomponent lumen and the leaflet frame subcomponent lumen, and wherein the connecting sheath is operable to fold and evert when the leaflet frame subcomponent is advanced from the pre-deployed, un-nested configuration to the deployed, nested configuration so as to lie between the leaflet frame subcomponent and the anchor frame subcomponent. 16. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein the connecting sheath comprises flow enabling features in a wall of the connecting sheath, the wall extending between the connecting sheath inflow end and the connecting sheath outflow end, wherein the flow enabling features are operable to allow antegrade fluid flow through the connecting sheath wall and restrict retrograde flow through the connecting sheath wall when the leaflet frame subassembly is not in the deployed, nested configuration. 17. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein the connecting sheath comprises an inner film layer and an outer film layer, the inner film layer and the outer film layer being coupled together at least at the leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end and the anchor frame subcomponent outflow end, the inner film layer defining at least one inner aperture therethrough adjacent the anchor frame subcomponent outflow end and the outer film layer defines at least one outer aperture therethrough adjacent the leaflet frame subcomponent, the inner film layer and the outer film layer being not coupled at least between one of the inner apertures and one of the outer apertures so as to define a flow space therebetween operable to permit antegrade blood flow and restrict retrograde flow therethrough when the leaflet frame subcomponent is not in the deployed, nested configuration in the anchor frame subcomponent, and is operable to restrict antegrade and retrograde flow when the leaflet frame subcomponent is in the deployed, nested configuration within the anchor frame subcomponent. 18. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein the connecting sheath comprises an inner film layer and an outer film layer, the inner film layer and the outer film layer being coupled together at least at the anchor frame subcomponent outflow end, the inner film layer defining at least one inner aperture therethrough adjacent the anchor frame subcomponent outflow end, the inner film layer and the outer film layer being not coupled at least downstream of the inner apertures so as to define a flow space therebetween operable to perm it antegrade blood flow with the inner film layer separating from the outer film layer at the inner aperture and so as to restrict retrograde flow therethrough with the inner film layer coming together and covering the inner aperture when the leaflet frame subcomponent is not in the deployed, nested configuration in the anchor frame subcomponent, and is operable to restrict antegrade and retrograde flow when the leaflet frame subcomponent is in the deployed, nested configuration within the anchor frame subcomponent. 19. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein, when the prosthetic valve is in the deployed, nested configuration, the retention element is configured to cover an inflow annular groove formed between the anchor frame subcomponent, the everted connecting sheath, and the leaflet frame subcomponent. 20. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein the retention element further includes a non-permeable cover and wherein, when the prosthetic valve is in the deployed, nested configuration, an inflow annular groove is defined by the anchor frame subcomponent, the connecting sheath, and the leaflet frame subcomponent at an inflow end of the prosthetic valve, and wherein the retention element, including the non-permeable cover, is operable to cover and restrict fluid flow into the inflow annular groove. 21. The prosthetic valve of claim 2, wherein the retention element is an elongated element that is operable to extend generally parallel to a central, longitudinal axis X of the prosthetic valve when in the pre-deployed configuration, and operable to extend at an angle to the axis X when in the deployed configuration. 22. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein the retention element is operable to translate through the anchor frame subcomponent during transition of the prosthetic valve between the delivery configuration and the deployed, nested configuration and the connecting sheath is operable to fold and evert within the anchor frame subcomponent lumen and lie between the leaflet frame subcomponent and the anchor frame subcomponent during transition of the prosthetic valve between the delivery configuration and the deployed, nested configuration. 23. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein the retention element comprises a continuous sinuous element configured to have an outward spring bias toward a planar star-shaped configuration defining elongated elements bending about apices, the elongated elements have an elongated element first end and an elongated element second end, when in the star-shaped configuration the elongated elements extend radially with the elongated element first ends and respective apices defining an inner circumference at a retention element first end and the elongated element second ends and respective apices defining an outer circumference at a retention element second end, the sinuous element is operable to be elastically restrained to a tubular configuration wherein the elongated elements are rotated about the apices at the elongated element first ends such that the elongated element second ends are rotated toward each other to define a tubular or conical configuration, with the sinuous element defining a first tubular diameter wherein the elongated elements extend laterally to a central, longitudinal axis X and along the connecting sheath and lateral with the anchor frame subcomponent and leaflet frame subcomponent. 24. The prosthetic valve of claim 23, wherein a non-permeable cover extends from the apices at the elongated element first ends of the elongated elements to the apices at the elongated element second ends, wherein when the prosthetic valve is in the deployed, nested configuration, the non-permeable cover extends from the leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end to the anchor frame subcomponent inflow end covering an inflow annular groove formed between the anchor frame subcomponent, the connecting sheath and the leaflet frame subcomponent. 25. The prosthetic valve of claim 23, further comprising a tether element coupled to the retention element, operable to be pulled by an operator to affect advancement of the retention element through the anchor frame subcomponent, the retention element second end of the retention element being held in a compressed state by a predetermined amount of tension on the tether element, wherein the tension of the tether element may be released and thus release the elongated element second end of the retention element so as to allow expansion and deployment of the retention element. 26. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein the retention element is biased towards a planar position and operable to retain the relative position of the leaflet frame subcomponent and the anchor frame subcomponent by virtue of the outward bias. 27. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein the anchor frame subcomponent defines an anchor frame subcomponent inner surface, wherein the connecting sheath is a thin-walled flexible tubular member having a connecting sheath inner surface, wherein one or more apices defined by the retention element at the retention element second end of the retention element may abut and slide along the connecting sheath inner surface and subsequently the anchor frame subcomponent inner surface while expanding under the outward bias until the apices at the retention element second end are fully expanded about the anchor frame subcomponent inflow end, wherein the outward bias produces sufficient force to advance the retention element through the connecting sheath and the anchor frame subcomponent inner surface toward the anchor frame subcomponent inflow end while pulling the leaflet frame subcomponent into the anchor frame subcomponent. 28. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein a length of the anchor frame subcomponent varies along its circumference wherein the anchor frame subcomponent outflow end has a tapered geometry operable such that, when the prosthetic valve is placed in a mitral valve annulus, the anchor frame subcomponent outflow end may extend further into a left ventricle adjacent to a posterior side of the left ventricle and extends less into a LVOT on an anterior side of the left ventricle. 29. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein a hoop strength of the anchor frame subcomponent is variable along a length and/or a circumference of the anchor frame subcomponent and is predetermined to have a greater stiffness at a smaller tapered portion of an anchor frame subcomponent anterior portion of the anchor frame subcomponent outflow end, to substantially match the stiffness of an aortomitral junction, whereas the stiffness may be relatively less at a longer prosthetic valve posterior portion adjacent a posterior side of a left ventricle. 30. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein the anchor frame subcomponent has a predetermined flexibility such that the anchor frame subcomponent may be everted into the anchor frame subcomponent lumen such that the anchor frame subcomponent is operable to peel away from a tissue annulus and be drawn out of the anchor frame subcomponent lumen such that the prosthetic valve may be removed from the tissue annulus. 31. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein the anchor frame subcomponent includes one or more tissue engagement features that project away from an anchor frame outer surface of the anchor frame subcomponent and are operable to engage a tissue annulus. 32. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, further comprising an outflow annular groove cover extending from the anchor frame subcomponent outflow end and the leaflet frame subcomponent outflow end. 33. The prosthetic valve of claim 32, wherein the outflow annular groove cover is configured to be blood permeable under physiologic conditions prior to the prosthetic valve being transitioned to the deployed, nested configuration. 34. The prosthetic valve of claim 32, wherein the outflow annular groove cover is configured to be less permeable to blood under physiologic conditions when the prosthetic valve is in the deployed, nested configuration than when the prosthetic valve is not in the deployed, nested configuration. 35. A prosthetic valve transitionable from a delivery configuration to a deployed, nested configuration in-situ, the prosthetic valve comprising:
a leaflet frame subcomponent including a one-way valve, the leaflet frame subcomponent having a leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end and a leaflet frame subcomponent outflow end; an anchor frame subcomponent having an anchor frame subcomponent inflow end and an anchor frame subcomponent outflow end; a connecting sheath coupling the leaflet frame subcomponent to the anchor frame subcomponent; and a retention element coupled to the connecting sheath, the retention element being configured to retain the prosthetic valve in the deployed, nested configuration, wherein in the delivery configuration the leaflet frame subcomponent and the anchor frame subcomponent are longitudinally offset relative to one another with the connecting sheath being unfolded and uneverted and in the nested configuration the leaflet frame subcomponent is nested with the anchor frame subcomponent and the connecting sheath is folded and everted so as to lie between the leaflet frame subcomponent and the anchor frame subcomponent, such that the retention element extends from the leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end to the anchor frame subcomponent inflow end. 36. A method of replacing a native valve of a patient's anatomy comprising:
advancing a prosthetic valve in a delivery configuration to a treatment site within a patient's anatomy, wherein in the delivery configuration a leaflet frame subcomponent and an anchor frame subcomponent of the prosthetic valve that are coupled by a connection sheath are longitudinally offset from one another such that a leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end of the leaflet frame subcomponent is situated distal of an anchor frame subcomponent inflow end of the anchor frame subcomponent; deploying the anchor frame within a tissue annulus; nesting the leaflet frame subcomponent within the anchor frame subcomponent by changing a relative position between the leaflet frame subcomponent and the anchor frame subcomponent; and deploying a retention element coupled to the connecting sheath such that the retention element extends from the leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end to the anchor frame subcomponent inflow end. | An implantable device is disclosed. The device includes a leaflet frame subcomponent and an anchor frame subcomponent that are configured to be delivered in a series configuration and subsequently nested or telescoped in-situ.1. A prosthetic valve transitionable between a delivery configuration and a deployed, nested configuration in-situ, the prosthetic valve comprising:
a leaflet frame subcomponent defining a tubular shape and having a leaflet frame subcomponent wall extending from a leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end and a leaflet frame subcomponent outflow end and the leaflet frame subcomponent defining a leaflet frame subcomponent lumen, the leaflet frame subcomponent including a one-way valve; an anchor frame subcomponent defining a tubular shape and having an anchor frame subcomponent inflow end and an anchor frame subcomponent outflow end, and the anchor frame subcomponent defining an anchor frame subcomponent lumen; a connecting sheath defining a tubular shape and having a connecting sheath inflow end coupled to the anchor frame subcomponent outflow end and a connecting sheath outflow end coupled to the leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end coupling the leaflet frame subcomponent to the anchor frame subcomponent, and the connecting sheath defining a connecting sheath lumen; and a retention element having a retention element first end and a retention element second end, the retention element second end being coupled to the connecting sheath outflow end, wherein when the prosthetic valve is in the delivery configuration, the leaflet frame subcomponent and the anchor frame subcomponent are longitudinally offset from one another such that the leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end is situated distal of the anchor frame subcomponent outflow end, wherein the retention element resides within the connecting sheath lumen and extends away from the leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end and substantially parallel with a longitudinal axis of the leaflet frame subcomponent and adjacent to the connecting sheath, wherein, when the prosthetic valve is in the deployed, nested configuration, the anchor frame subcomponent inflow end flares or tapers radially outward, wherein, when the prosthetic valve is in the deployed, nested configuration, the connecting sheath is everted and the leaflet frame subcomponent is at least partially nested within the anchor frame subcomponent lumen, the retention element has translated within the anchor frame subcomponent lumen towards the anchor frame subcomponent inflow end, and the retention element is biased outwardly against the anchor frame subcomponent with an outward bias such that the retention element extends from the leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end to the anchor frame subcomponent inflow end. 2. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein the prosthetic valve is transitionable between the delivery configuration and a deployed, nested configuration via an expanded pre-deployed, un-nested configuration. 3. The prosthetic valve of claim 2, wherein the retention element is pivotable about the retention element second end upon translation of the retention element translated within the anchor frame subcomponent lumen towards the anchor frame subcomponent inflow end, such that the retention element extends from the leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end to the anchor frame subcomponent inflow end. 4. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein the leaflet frame subcomponent includes a leaflet frame defining a leaflet frame wall, one or more leaflets, and leaflet frame cover, the leaflet frame is generally tubular shaped defining a leaflet frame inflow end and a leaflet frame outflow end with a leaflet frame lumen therethrough. 5. The prosthetic valve of claim 4, wherein the leaflet frame wall of the leaflet frame is at least partially covered with the leaflet frame cover configured to restrict fluid from passing through the covered portion of the leaflet frame wall. 6. The prosthetic valve of claim 4, wherein the one or more leaflets are operable to open to allow flow from the leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end and to pass through the leaflet frame subcomponent outflow end in antegrade flow conditions, and are operable to close to restrict flow from flowing from the leaflet frame subcomponent outflow end through the leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end in retrograde flow conditions. 7. The prosthetic valve of claim 4, wherein the retention element second end is not directly coupled to the leaflet frame at the leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end, there being a portion of the connecting sheath therebetween. 8. The prosthetic valve of claim 4, wherein the leaflets comprise a composite material including a porous synthetic fluoropolymer membrane defining pores and an elastomer or elastomeric material filling the pores. 9. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein the anchor frame subcomponent includes an anchor frame and an anchor frame cover, the anchor frame defines a generally tubular shape extending between the anchor frame subcomponent inflow end and the anchor frame subcomponent outflow end, an anchor frame inner surface and an anchor frame outer surface defining an anchor frame wall, the anchor frame is at least partially covered with the anchor frame cover to restrict fluid from passing through the anchor frame wall. 10. The prosthetic valve of claim 9, wherein, when the prosthetic valve is in the deployed, nested configuration, the anchor frame defines a flared portion at the anchor frame subcomponent inflow end that flares or tapers radially outward. 11. The prosthetic valve of claim 9, when dependent on any of claims 4 to 8, wherein the connecting sheath is contiguous with the anchor frame cover and the leaflet frame cover. 12. The prosthetic valve of claim 9, wherein the leaflet frame subcomponent includes a leaflet frame defining a leaflet frame wall, one or more leaflets, and leaflet frame cover, the leaflet frame is generally tubular shaped defining a leaflet frame inflow end and a leaflet frame outflow end with a leaflet frame lumen therethrough and, wherein the retention element is coupled to the connecting sheath between, but not directly coupled to, the leaflet frame or the anchor frame such that the retention element is operable to maintain the nested configuration of the anchor frame subcomponent and the leaflet frame subcomponent. 13. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein the prosthetic valve has a smaller diameter in the delivery configuration than in the deployed, nested configuration. 14. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein, in the deployed, nested configuration, the anchor frame subcomponent has an anchor frame subcomponent inner surface having a diameter at least slightly larger than a leaflet frame subcomponent outer surface of the leaflet frame subcomponent and the leaflet frame subcomponent is nested within the anchor frame subcomponent. 15. The prosthetic valve of claim 2, wherein the connecting sheath is a thin-walled flexible tubular member having a connecting sheath inner surface that defines a connecting sheath lumen in fluid communication with the anchor frame subcomponent lumen and the leaflet frame subcomponent lumen, and wherein the connecting sheath is operable to fold and evert when the leaflet frame subcomponent is advanced from the pre-deployed, un-nested configuration to the deployed, nested configuration so as to lie between the leaflet frame subcomponent and the anchor frame subcomponent. 16. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein the connecting sheath comprises flow enabling features in a wall of the connecting sheath, the wall extending between the connecting sheath inflow end and the connecting sheath outflow end, wherein the flow enabling features are operable to allow antegrade fluid flow through the connecting sheath wall and restrict retrograde flow through the connecting sheath wall when the leaflet frame subassembly is not in the deployed, nested configuration. 17. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein the connecting sheath comprises an inner film layer and an outer film layer, the inner film layer and the outer film layer being coupled together at least at the leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end and the anchor frame subcomponent outflow end, the inner film layer defining at least one inner aperture therethrough adjacent the anchor frame subcomponent outflow end and the outer film layer defines at least one outer aperture therethrough adjacent the leaflet frame subcomponent, the inner film layer and the outer film layer being not coupled at least between one of the inner apertures and one of the outer apertures so as to define a flow space therebetween operable to permit antegrade blood flow and restrict retrograde flow therethrough when the leaflet frame subcomponent is not in the deployed, nested configuration in the anchor frame subcomponent, and is operable to restrict antegrade and retrograde flow when the leaflet frame subcomponent is in the deployed, nested configuration within the anchor frame subcomponent. 18. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein the connecting sheath comprises an inner film layer and an outer film layer, the inner film layer and the outer film layer being coupled together at least at the anchor frame subcomponent outflow end, the inner film layer defining at least one inner aperture therethrough adjacent the anchor frame subcomponent outflow end, the inner film layer and the outer film layer being not coupled at least downstream of the inner apertures so as to define a flow space therebetween operable to perm it antegrade blood flow with the inner film layer separating from the outer film layer at the inner aperture and so as to restrict retrograde flow therethrough with the inner film layer coming together and covering the inner aperture when the leaflet frame subcomponent is not in the deployed, nested configuration in the anchor frame subcomponent, and is operable to restrict antegrade and retrograde flow when the leaflet frame subcomponent is in the deployed, nested configuration within the anchor frame subcomponent. 19. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein, when the prosthetic valve is in the deployed, nested configuration, the retention element is configured to cover an inflow annular groove formed between the anchor frame subcomponent, the everted connecting sheath, and the leaflet frame subcomponent. 20. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein the retention element further includes a non-permeable cover and wherein, when the prosthetic valve is in the deployed, nested configuration, an inflow annular groove is defined by the anchor frame subcomponent, the connecting sheath, and the leaflet frame subcomponent at an inflow end of the prosthetic valve, and wherein the retention element, including the non-permeable cover, is operable to cover and restrict fluid flow into the inflow annular groove. 21. The prosthetic valve of claim 2, wherein the retention element is an elongated element that is operable to extend generally parallel to a central, longitudinal axis X of the prosthetic valve when in the pre-deployed configuration, and operable to extend at an angle to the axis X when in the deployed configuration. 22. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein the retention element is operable to translate through the anchor frame subcomponent during transition of the prosthetic valve between the delivery configuration and the deployed, nested configuration and the connecting sheath is operable to fold and evert within the anchor frame subcomponent lumen and lie between the leaflet frame subcomponent and the anchor frame subcomponent during transition of the prosthetic valve between the delivery configuration and the deployed, nested configuration. 23. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein the retention element comprises a continuous sinuous element configured to have an outward spring bias toward a planar star-shaped configuration defining elongated elements bending about apices, the elongated elements have an elongated element first end and an elongated element second end, when in the star-shaped configuration the elongated elements extend radially with the elongated element first ends and respective apices defining an inner circumference at a retention element first end and the elongated element second ends and respective apices defining an outer circumference at a retention element second end, the sinuous element is operable to be elastically restrained to a tubular configuration wherein the elongated elements are rotated about the apices at the elongated element first ends such that the elongated element second ends are rotated toward each other to define a tubular or conical configuration, with the sinuous element defining a first tubular diameter wherein the elongated elements extend laterally to a central, longitudinal axis X and along the connecting sheath and lateral with the anchor frame subcomponent and leaflet frame subcomponent. 24. The prosthetic valve of claim 23, wherein a non-permeable cover extends from the apices at the elongated element first ends of the elongated elements to the apices at the elongated element second ends, wherein when the prosthetic valve is in the deployed, nested configuration, the non-permeable cover extends from the leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end to the anchor frame subcomponent inflow end covering an inflow annular groove formed between the anchor frame subcomponent, the connecting sheath and the leaflet frame subcomponent. 25. The prosthetic valve of claim 23, further comprising a tether element coupled to the retention element, operable to be pulled by an operator to affect advancement of the retention element through the anchor frame subcomponent, the retention element second end of the retention element being held in a compressed state by a predetermined amount of tension on the tether element, wherein the tension of the tether element may be released and thus release the elongated element second end of the retention element so as to allow expansion and deployment of the retention element. 26. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein the retention element is biased towards a planar position and operable to retain the relative position of the leaflet frame subcomponent and the anchor frame subcomponent by virtue of the outward bias. 27. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein the anchor frame subcomponent defines an anchor frame subcomponent inner surface, wherein the connecting sheath is a thin-walled flexible tubular member having a connecting sheath inner surface, wherein one or more apices defined by the retention element at the retention element second end of the retention element may abut and slide along the connecting sheath inner surface and subsequently the anchor frame subcomponent inner surface while expanding under the outward bias until the apices at the retention element second end are fully expanded about the anchor frame subcomponent inflow end, wherein the outward bias produces sufficient force to advance the retention element through the connecting sheath and the anchor frame subcomponent inner surface toward the anchor frame subcomponent inflow end while pulling the leaflet frame subcomponent into the anchor frame subcomponent. 28. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein a length of the anchor frame subcomponent varies along its circumference wherein the anchor frame subcomponent outflow end has a tapered geometry operable such that, when the prosthetic valve is placed in a mitral valve annulus, the anchor frame subcomponent outflow end may extend further into a left ventricle adjacent to a posterior side of the left ventricle and extends less into a LVOT on an anterior side of the left ventricle. 29. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein a hoop strength of the anchor frame subcomponent is variable along a length and/or a circumference of the anchor frame subcomponent and is predetermined to have a greater stiffness at a smaller tapered portion of an anchor frame subcomponent anterior portion of the anchor frame subcomponent outflow end, to substantially match the stiffness of an aortomitral junction, whereas the stiffness may be relatively less at a longer prosthetic valve posterior portion adjacent a posterior side of a left ventricle. 30. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein the anchor frame subcomponent has a predetermined flexibility such that the anchor frame subcomponent may be everted into the anchor frame subcomponent lumen such that the anchor frame subcomponent is operable to peel away from a tissue annulus and be drawn out of the anchor frame subcomponent lumen such that the prosthetic valve may be removed from the tissue annulus. 31. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, wherein the anchor frame subcomponent includes one or more tissue engagement features that project away from an anchor frame outer surface of the anchor frame subcomponent and are operable to engage a tissue annulus. 32. The prosthetic valve of claim 1, further comprising an outflow annular groove cover extending from the anchor frame subcomponent outflow end and the leaflet frame subcomponent outflow end. 33. The prosthetic valve of claim 32, wherein the outflow annular groove cover is configured to be blood permeable under physiologic conditions prior to the prosthetic valve being transitioned to the deployed, nested configuration. 34. The prosthetic valve of claim 32, wherein the outflow annular groove cover is configured to be less permeable to blood under physiologic conditions when the prosthetic valve is in the deployed, nested configuration than when the prosthetic valve is not in the deployed, nested configuration. 35. A prosthetic valve transitionable from a delivery configuration to a deployed, nested configuration in-situ, the prosthetic valve comprising:
a leaflet frame subcomponent including a one-way valve, the leaflet frame subcomponent having a leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end and a leaflet frame subcomponent outflow end; an anchor frame subcomponent having an anchor frame subcomponent inflow end and an anchor frame subcomponent outflow end; a connecting sheath coupling the leaflet frame subcomponent to the anchor frame subcomponent; and a retention element coupled to the connecting sheath, the retention element being configured to retain the prosthetic valve in the deployed, nested configuration, wherein in the delivery configuration the leaflet frame subcomponent and the anchor frame subcomponent are longitudinally offset relative to one another with the connecting sheath being unfolded and uneverted and in the nested configuration the leaflet frame subcomponent is nested with the anchor frame subcomponent and the connecting sheath is folded and everted so as to lie between the leaflet frame subcomponent and the anchor frame subcomponent, such that the retention element extends from the leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end to the anchor frame subcomponent inflow end. 36. A method of replacing a native valve of a patient's anatomy comprising:
advancing a prosthetic valve in a delivery configuration to a treatment site within a patient's anatomy, wherein in the delivery configuration a leaflet frame subcomponent and an anchor frame subcomponent of the prosthetic valve that are coupled by a connection sheath are longitudinally offset from one another such that a leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end of the leaflet frame subcomponent is situated distal of an anchor frame subcomponent inflow end of the anchor frame subcomponent; deploying the anchor frame within a tissue annulus; nesting the leaflet frame subcomponent within the anchor frame subcomponent by changing a relative position between the leaflet frame subcomponent and the anchor frame subcomponent; and deploying a retention element coupled to the connecting sheath such that the retention element extends from the leaflet frame subcomponent inflow end to the anchor frame subcomponent inflow end. | 2,800 |
346,776 | 16,805,226 | 3,664 | A control device estimates a position and pose of an imaging device relative to a robot based on an image of the robot captured by the imaging device. A simulation device arranges a robot model at a teaching point, and generates a simulation image of the robot model captured by a virtual camera that is arranged so that a position and pose of the virtual camera relative to the robot model in the virtual space coincide with the estimated position and pose of the imaging device. The control device determines an amount of correction of a position and pose of the robot for the teaching point so that the position and pose of the robot on the actual image captured after the robot has been driven according to a movement command to the teaching point approximate to the position and pose of the robot model on the simulation image. | 1. A control system for controlling a robot, the control system comprising:
a simulation device for performing simulation using a robot model indicating a shape of the robot; a robot controller for driving the robot according to a movement command provided to the robot controller; an imaging device for capturing an image of the robot; and an estimation module for estimating a position and pose of the imaging device relative to the robot based on the image of the robot captured by the imaging device, wherein the simulation device includes: a setting module for performing offline teaching to set a teaching point indicative of a position and pose to be taken by the robot; and an image generating module for generating a simulation image of the robot model captured by a virtual camera arranged in a virtual space, wherein the image generating module arranges the robot model at the teaching point in the virtual space and generates a first simulation image of the robot model captured by the virtual camera that is arranged so that a position and pose of the virtual camera relative to the robot model coincide with the position and pose of the imaging device estimated by the estimation module, the control system further comprising a first acquisition module for providing the robot controller with a first movement command to the teaching point and acquiring a first actual image of the robot captured by the imaging device after the robot has been driven according to the first movement command; and a determination module for determining an amount of correction of a position and pose of the robot for the teaching point so that a position and pose of the robot on the first actual image approximates to a position and pose of the robot model on the first simulation image. 2. The control system according to claim 1, wherein
the determination module includes: a deviation calculation module for calculating a deviation between the position and pose of the robot on an actual image of the robot captured by the imaging device and the position and pose of the robot model on the first simulation image; and a correction amount calculating module for calculating, as the amount of correction, an amount of movement from the position and pose of the robot that has been driven according to the first movement command to a position and pose of the robot when the deviation is less than a predetermined threshold. 3. The control system according to claim 2, wherein
the determination module further includes a second acquisition module for providing the robot controller with a second movement command in a direction that reduces the deviation and performing an acquisition process for acquiring a second actual image captured of the robot by the imaging device when the robot has been driven according to the second movement command, wherein the second acquisition module repeatedly performs the acquisition process since the robot has been driven according to the first movement command until the deviation is less than the threshold, and as the amount of correction, the correction amount calculating module calculates a cumulative amount of second movement commands provided to the robot controller. 4. The control system according to claim 1, wherein
the determination module includes: a deviation calculation module for calculating a deviation between the position and pose of the robot on the first actual image and a position and pose of the robot model on the simulation image; and a correction amount calculating module for calculating, as the amount of correction, an amount of movement from a position and pose of the robot model when the deviation is less than a predetermined threshold to a position and pose of the robot model arranged at the teaching point. 5. The control system according to claim 1, comprising
a control device that controls the robot controller and the imaging device, the control device being connected to the imaging device, the robot controller, and the simulation device, wherein the estimation module, the first acquisition module, and the determination module are included in the control device. 6. A control method in a control system for controlling a robot, the control system including:
a robot controller for driving the robot according to a movement command provided to the robot controller; and an imaging device for capturing an image of the robot, the control method comprising: performing offline teaching using a robot model to set a teaching point indicating a position and pose to be taken by the robot; estimating a position and pose of the imaging device relative to the robot based on the image of the robot captured by the imaging device; arranging the robot model at the teaching point in a virtual space and generating a simulation image of the robot model captured by a virtual camera that is arranged so that a position and pose of the virtual camera relative to the robot model coincide with the estimated position and pose of the imaging device; providing the robot controller with a movement command to the teaching point and acquiring an actual image of the robot captured by the imaging device after the robot has been driven according to the movement command to the teaching point; and determining an amount of correction of a position and pose of the robot for the teaching point so that a position and pose of the robot on the actual image approximates to a position and pose of the robot model on the simulation image. | A control device estimates a position and pose of an imaging device relative to a robot based on an image of the robot captured by the imaging device. A simulation device arranges a robot model at a teaching point, and generates a simulation image of the robot model captured by a virtual camera that is arranged so that a position and pose of the virtual camera relative to the robot model in the virtual space coincide with the estimated position and pose of the imaging device. The control device determines an amount of correction of a position and pose of the robot for the teaching point so that the position and pose of the robot on the actual image captured after the robot has been driven according to a movement command to the teaching point approximate to the position and pose of the robot model on the simulation image.1. A control system for controlling a robot, the control system comprising:
a simulation device for performing simulation using a robot model indicating a shape of the robot; a robot controller for driving the robot according to a movement command provided to the robot controller; an imaging device for capturing an image of the robot; and an estimation module for estimating a position and pose of the imaging device relative to the robot based on the image of the robot captured by the imaging device, wherein the simulation device includes: a setting module for performing offline teaching to set a teaching point indicative of a position and pose to be taken by the robot; and an image generating module for generating a simulation image of the robot model captured by a virtual camera arranged in a virtual space, wherein the image generating module arranges the robot model at the teaching point in the virtual space and generates a first simulation image of the robot model captured by the virtual camera that is arranged so that a position and pose of the virtual camera relative to the robot model coincide with the position and pose of the imaging device estimated by the estimation module, the control system further comprising a first acquisition module for providing the robot controller with a first movement command to the teaching point and acquiring a first actual image of the robot captured by the imaging device after the robot has been driven according to the first movement command; and a determination module for determining an amount of correction of a position and pose of the robot for the teaching point so that a position and pose of the robot on the first actual image approximates to a position and pose of the robot model on the first simulation image. 2. The control system according to claim 1, wherein
the determination module includes: a deviation calculation module for calculating a deviation between the position and pose of the robot on an actual image of the robot captured by the imaging device and the position and pose of the robot model on the first simulation image; and a correction amount calculating module for calculating, as the amount of correction, an amount of movement from the position and pose of the robot that has been driven according to the first movement command to a position and pose of the robot when the deviation is less than a predetermined threshold. 3. The control system according to claim 2, wherein
the determination module further includes a second acquisition module for providing the robot controller with a second movement command in a direction that reduces the deviation and performing an acquisition process for acquiring a second actual image captured of the robot by the imaging device when the robot has been driven according to the second movement command, wherein the second acquisition module repeatedly performs the acquisition process since the robot has been driven according to the first movement command until the deviation is less than the threshold, and as the amount of correction, the correction amount calculating module calculates a cumulative amount of second movement commands provided to the robot controller. 4. The control system according to claim 1, wherein
the determination module includes: a deviation calculation module for calculating a deviation between the position and pose of the robot on the first actual image and a position and pose of the robot model on the simulation image; and a correction amount calculating module for calculating, as the amount of correction, an amount of movement from a position and pose of the robot model when the deviation is less than a predetermined threshold to a position and pose of the robot model arranged at the teaching point. 5. The control system according to claim 1, comprising
a control device that controls the robot controller and the imaging device, the control device being connected to the imaging device, the robot controller, and the simulation device, wherein the estimation module, the first acquisition module, and the determination module are included in the control device. 6. A control method in a control system for controlling a robot, the control system including:
a robot controller for driving the robot according to a movement command provided to the robot controller; and an imaging device for capturing an image of the robot, the control method comprising: performing offline teaching using a robot model to set a teaching point indicating a position and pose to be taken by the robot; estimating a position and pose of the imaging device relative to the robot based on the image of the robot captured by the imaging device; arranging the robot model at the teaching point in a virtual space and generating a simulation image of the robot model captured by a virtual camera that is arranged so that a position and pose of the virtual camera relative to the robot model coincide with the estimated position and pose of the imaging device; providing the robot controller with a movement command to the teaching point and acquiring an actual image of the robot captured by the imaging device after the robot has been driven according to the movement command to the teaching point; and determining an amount of correction of a position and pose of the robot for the teaching point so that a position and pose of the robot on the actual image approximates to a position and pose of the robot model on the simulation image. | 3,600 |
346,777 | 16,805,263 | 3,664 | An artificial intelligence server can include a communication interface configured to communicate with a display device and a refrigerator; and a processor configured to in response to the display device displaying an image including a dish, acquire dish information about the dish included in the image displayed on the display device, receive, from the refrigerator, available ingredient information about ingredients in the refrigerator, and transmit, to the display device, information about making the dish by using the ingredients in the refrigerator. | 1. An artificial intelligence server comprising:
a communication interface configured to communicate with a display device and a refrigerator; and a processor configured to:
in response to the display device displaying an image including a dish, acquire dish information about the dish included in the image displayed on the display device,
receive, from the refrigerator, available ingredient information about ingredients in the refrigerator, and
transmit, to the display device, information about making the dish by using the ingredients in the refrigerator. 2. The artificial intelligence server of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
search a plurality of recipes to find a recipe for making the dish with the ingredients in the refrigerator, and in response to finding the recipe among the plurality of recipes, transmit the recipe to the display device. 3. The artificial intelligence server of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive the image from the display device based on a recipe request of a user watching the display device. 4. The artificial intelligence server of claim 3, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive user information of the user watching the display device, and select the recipe from among the plurality of recipes based on at least one of a gender or age of the user based on the user information. 5. The artificial intelligence server of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to:
transmit, to the display device, information indicating that the dish cannot be made with the ingredients in the refrigerator when a recipe for making the dish with the ingredients in the refrigerator is not found among the plurality of recipes after the search is completed. 6. The artificial intelligence server of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to:
in response to receiving recipe selection information from the display device, transmit setting information to a cooking device for making the dish based on the recipe, the setting information including at least one of a cooking mode, a cooking temperature, or a cooking time. 7. The artificial intelligence server of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to:
in response to receiving recipe selection information from the display device, transmit first setting information to a first cooking device based on a cooking order included in the recipe and transmit second setting information to a second cooking device based on the cooking order after transmission of the first setting information. 8. The artificial intelligence server of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine a second dish that can be made using the ingredients in the refrigerator, and transmit information about the second dish to the display device. 9. The artificial intelligence server of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to:
in response to receiving cooking selection information from the display device based on the information about the second dish, transmit a second recipe to the display device, the second recipe corresponding to the second dish. 10. The artificial intelligence server of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive preference information about a preferred dish of a user, and select the second dish from among a plurality of dishes that can be made by using ingredients in the refrigerator based on the preference information. 11. The artificial intelligence server of claim 1, wherein the available ingredient information includes an image of the ingredients in the refrigerator or identification information of the ingredients in the refrigerator. 12. A method for operating an artificial intelligence server, the method comprising:
receiving, from a display device, an image displayed on the display device; acquiring dish information about a dish included in the image; receiving, from a refrigerator, available ingredient information about ingredients in the refrigerator; and transmitting, to the display device, information about making the dish by using the ingredients in the refrigerator. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
searching a plurality of recipes to find a recipe for making the dish with the ingredients in the refrigerator; and in response to finding the recipe among the plurality of recipes, transmitting the recipe to the display device. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the image is received from the display device in response to a recipe request of a user watching the display device. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
receiving user information of the user watching the display device; and selecting the recipe from among the plurality of recipes based on at least one of a gender or age of the user based on the user information. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
transmitting, to the display device, information indicating that the dish cannot be made with the ingredients in the refrigerator when a recipe for making the dish with the ingredients in the refrigerator is not found among the plurality of recipes after the searching is completed. 17. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
in response to receiving recipe selection information from the display device, transmitting setting information to a cooking device for making the dish based on the recipe, the setting information including at least one of a cooking mode, a cooking temperature, or a cooking time. 18. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
in response to receiving recipe selection information from the display device, transmitting first setting information to a first cooking device based on a cooking order included in the recipe and transmitting second setting information to a second cooking device based on the cooking order after transmission of the first setting information. 19. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
determining a second dish that can be made using the ingredients in the refrigerator; and transmitting information about the second dish to the display device. 20. The method claim 12, wherein the available ingredient information includes an image of the ingredients in the refrigerator or identification information of the ingredients in the refrigerator. | An artificial intelligence server can include a communication interface configured to communicate with a display device and a refrigerator; and a processor configured to in response to the display device displaying an image including a dish, acquire dish information about the dish included in the image displayed on the display device, receive, from the refrigerator, available ingredient information about ingredients in the refrigerator, and transmit, to the display device, information about making the dish by using the ingredients in the refrigerator.1. An artificial intelligence server comprising:
a communication interface configured to communicate with a display device and a refrigerator; and a processor configured to:
in response to the display device displaying an image including a dish, acquire dish information about the dish included in the image displayed on the display device,
receive, from the refrigerator, available ingredient information about ingredients in the refrigerator, and
transmit, to the display device, information about making the dish by using the ingredients in the refrigerator. 2. The artificial intelligence server of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
search a plurality of recipes to find a recipe for making the dish with the ingredients in the refrigerator, and in response to finding the recipe among the plurality of recipes, transmit the recipe to the display device. 3. The artificial intelligence server of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive the image from the display device based on a recipe request of a user watching the display device. 4. The artificial intelligence server of claim 3, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive user information of the user watching the display device, and select the recipe from among the plurality of recipes based on at least one of a gender or age of the user based on the user information. 5. The artificial intelligence server of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to:
transmit, to the display device, information indicating that the dish cannot be made with the ingredients in the refrigerator when a recipe for making the dish with the ingredients in the refrigerator is not found among the plurality of recipes after the search is completed. 6. The artificial intelligence server of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to:
in response to receiving recipe selection information from the display device, transmit setting information to a cooking device for making the dish based on the recipe, the setting information including at least one of a cooking mode, a cooking temperature, or a cooking time. 7. The artificial intelligence server of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to:
in response to receiving recipe selection information from the display device, transmit first setting information to a first cooking device based on a cooking order included in the recipe and transmit second setting information to a second cooking device based on the cooking order after transmission of the first setting information. 8. The artificial intelligence server of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine a second dish that can be made using the ingredients in the refrigerator, and transmit information about the second dish to the display device. 9. The artificial intelligence server of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to:
in response to receiving cooking selection information from the display device based on the information about the second dish, transmit a second recipe to the display device, the second recipe corresponding to the second dish. 10. The artificial intelligence server of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive preference information about a preferred dish of a user, and select the second dish from among a plurality of dishes that can be made by using ingredients in the refrigerator based on the preference information. 11. The artificial intelligence server of claim 1, wherein the available ingredient information includes an image of the ingredients in the refrigerator or identification information of the ingredients in the refrigerator. 12. A method for operating an artificial intelligence server, the method comprising:
receiving, from a display device, an image displayed on the display device; acquiring dish information about a dish included in the image; receiving, from a refrigerator, available ingredient information about ingredients in the refrigerator; and transmitting, to the display device, information about making the dish by using the ingredients in the refrigerator. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
searching a plurality of recipes to find a recipe for making the dish with the ingredients in the refrigerator; and in response to finding the recipe among the plurality of recipes, transmitting the recipe to the display device. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the image is received from the display device in response to a recipe request of a user watching the display device. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
receiving user information of the user watching the display device; and selecting the recipe from among the plurality of recipes based on at least one of a gender or age of the user based on the user information. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
transmitting, to the display device, information indicating that the dish cannot be made with the ingredients in the refrigerator when a recipe for making the dish with the ingredients in the refrigerator is not found among the plurality of recipes after the searching is completed. 17. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
in response to receiving recipe selection information from the display device, transmitting setting information to a cooking device for making the dish based on the recipe, the setting information including at least one of a cooking mode, a cooking temperature, or a cooking time. 18. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
in response to receiving recipe selection information from the display device, transmitting first setting information to a first cooking device based on a cooking order included in the recipe and transmitting second setting information to a second cooking device based on the cooking order after transmission of the first setting information. 19. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
determining a second dish that can be made using the ingredients in the refrigerator; and transmitting information about the second dish to the display device. 20. The method claim 12, wherein the available ingredient information includes an image of the ingredients in the refrigerator or identification information of the ingredients in the refrigerator. | 3,600 |
346,778 | 16,805,238 | 3,664 | A firearm holster or knife sheath with an imbedded magnetic holstering locator is disclosed. A strong magnet source is positioned at a preferred insertion point of a firearm holster or knife sheath. To facilitate inserting a firearm or edged weapon in a holster or sheath, a magnet located at the insertion edge opening in each instance allows the user to more safely reholster or re-sheath either a firearm or a knife without a need to break focus on a threat. The magnetic insert attracts the leading edge of the firearm or the knife thereby allowing the user to quickly recognize the correct position to begin insertion of the firearm or the knife into the holster or sheath without the need to observe the arm movement in the process. | 1. A holster to carry a weapon, said weapon at least partially comprised of a ferrous material comprising:
a sheath configured to accept a weapon for carrying about the body of a user of the sheath, said sheath comprised of a pouch with an opening of the pouch to allow insertion of the weapon, said pouch of a suitable size to accommodate the weapon within said sheath when the weapon is inserted therein; a magnet integrated into the sheath to facilitate attraction of the weapon upon placement of the weapon near the sheath. 2. The holster of claim 1 where the weapon is an edged weapon. 3. The holster of claim 1 wherein said weapon is a firearm. 4. A method of returning a weapon to a holster configured to store the weapon on or about the body of a person comprised of the steps of:
placing a magnet within the holster, said magnet being located at a point on the holster which is determined to be the point of desired initial contact of the leading edge of the weapon with the holster; return the weapon to the said holster by lowering the weapon toward the holster without the user looking at the holster during the process; allowing the weapon to be attracted to and contact the magnet when the weapon is being returned to the holster; after contact with the magnet, slide the weapon into the holster along the path defined by a line between the magnet and the seated position of the weapon within the holster. 5. Apparatus for improving the return of a weapon to the weapon's holster or sheath when the weapon is in the hand of a person using the weapon, said apparatus comprising a holster fashioned to be worn about the body of the user by attachment to a belt or strap, said holster of a suitable size to accommodate the weapon in a secure manner when said weapon is inserted in the holster;
wherein said holster includes a pouch with at least one opening therein, into which said weapon is slidably inserted to be securely seated into the holster; the holster including a portion which extends above the at least one opening in the pouch which accepts the front end of the weapon to be slidably inserted into the said pouch; and a magnet integrated into the said portion of the holster which extends above the at least one opening in the pouch. | A firearm holster or knife sheath with an imbedded magnetic holstering locator is disclosed. A strong magnet source is positioned at a preferred insertion point of a firearm holster or knife sheath. To facilitate inserting a firearm or edged weapon in a holster or sheath, a magnet located at the insertion edge opening in each instance allows the user to more safely reholster or re-sheath either a firearm or a knife without a need to break focus on a threat. The magnetic insert attracts the leading edge of the firearm or the knife thereby allowing the user to quickly recognize the correct position to begin insertion of the firearm or the knife into the holster or sheath without the need to observe the arm movement in the process.1. A holster to carry a weapon, said weapon at least partially comprised of a ferrous material comprising:
a sheath configured to accept a weapon for carrying about the body of a user of the sheath, said sheath comprised of a pouch with an opening of the pouch to allow insertion of the weapon, said pouch of a suitable size to accommodate the weapon within said sheath when the weapon is inserted therein; a magnet integrated into the sheath to facilitate attraction of the weapon upon placement of the weapon near the sheath. 2. The holster of claim 1 where the weapon is an edged weapon. 3. The holster of claim 1 wherein said weapon is a firearm. 4. A method of returning a weapon to a holster configured to store the weapon on or about the body of a person comprised of the steps of:
placing a magnet within the holster, said magnet being located at a point on the holster which is determined to be the point of desired initial contact of the leading edge of the weapon with the holster; return the weapon to the said holster by lowering the weapon toward the holster without the user looking at the holster during the process; allowing the weapon to be attracted to and contact the magnet when the weapon is being returned to the holster; after contact with the magnet, slide the weapon into the holster along the path defined by a line between the magnet and the seated position of the weapon within the holster. 5. Apparatus for improving the return of a weapon to the weapon's holster or sheath when the weapon is in the hand of a person using the weapon, said apparatus comprising a holster fashioned to be worn about the body of the user by attachment to a belt or strap, said holster of a suitable size to accommodate the weapon in a secure manner when said weapon is inserted in the holster;
wherein said holster includes a pouch with at least one opening therein, into which said weapon is slidably inserted to be securely seated into the holster; the holster including a portion which extends above the at least one opening in the pouch which accepts the front end of the weapon to be slidably inserted into the said pouch; and a magnet integrated into the said portion of the holster which extends above the at least one opening in the pouch. | 3,600 |
346,779 | 16,805,247 | 2,192 | An example operation includes one or more of receiving, by a memory on a transport, a first portion of a software update from a server, and in response to at least one device associated with the transport is proximate to the transport, receiving, by the memory, a second portion from the at least one device, performing, by a processor on the transport, the software update, and providing, by the transport, a notification of a completion of the software update to the at least one device. | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a memory on a transport, a first portion of a software update from a server; receiving, by the memory, a second portion of the software update from at least one device moving within a communication range proximate the transport; and performing, by a processor on the transport, the software update responsive to receiving the second portion of the software update. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising:
validating the software update comprising the first and second portions. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first portion comprises one or more software updates to one or more components of the transport, wherein the second portion comprises one or more software updates to one or more other components of the transport. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein in response to receiving the second portion from the at least one device and prior to performing the software update, the method comprising:
verifying, by the processor, an association between the first and second portions. 5. The method of claim 1, comprising:
displaying, by the transport, a notification of a completion of the software update; and providing, by the transport, the notification of the completion of the software update to the at least one device. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second portion comprises a link to another portion of the software update, wherein the at least one device associated with the transport is proximate to the transport, the method comprising:
accessing, by the transport, the link; and downloading the another portion of the software update from a location identified by the link. 7. The method of claim 1, comprising:
performing the software update for the first portion in response to receiving the first portion; and performing the software update for the second portion in response to receiving the software update corresponding to the second portion. 8. A transport, comprising:
a processor; and a memory, coupled to the processor, comprising instructions that when executed by the processor are configured to:
receive, by the memory, a first portion of a software update from a server;
receive, by the memory, a second portion of the software update from at least one device that moved within a communication range proximate the transport; and
perform by the processor the software update responsive to the second portion being received. 9. The transport of claim 8, wherein the software update comprising the first and second portions is validated. 10. The transport of claim 8, wherein the first portion comprises one or more software updates to one or more components of the transport, wherein the second portion comprises one or more software updates to one or more other components of the transport. 11. The transport of claim 8, wherein in response to the transport receives the second portion from the at least one device and prior to the processor performs the software update, the processor is configured to verify an association between the first and second portions. 12. The transport of claim 8, wherein the transport displays a notification of a completion of the software update and provides the notification of the completion of the software update to the at least one device. 13. The transport of claim 8, wherein the second portion comprises a link to another portion of the software update, wherein the at least one device associated with the transport is proximate to the transport, wherein the transport is further configured to access the link and download a software the another portion of the software update from a location identified by the link. 14. The transport of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to:
perform the software update for the first portion in response to the transport receives the first portion; and perform the software update for the second portion in response to the transport receives a software update that corresponds to the second portion. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions, that when read by a processor, cause the processor to perform:
receiving, by a memory on a transport, a first portion of a software update from a server; receiving, by the memory, a second portion of the software update from at least one device moving within a communication range proximate the transport; and performing, by a processor on the transport, the software update responsive to receiving the second portion of the software update. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the instructions cause the processor to further perform:
validating the software update comprising the first and second portions; displaying, by the transport, a notification of completion of the software update; and providing, by the transport, the notification of the completion of the software update to the at least one device. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the first portion comprises one or more software updates to one or more components of the transport, wherein the second portion comprises one or more software updates to one or more other components of the transport. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein in response to receiving the second portion from the at least one device and prior to performing the software update, the instructions cause the processor to further perform:
verifying, by the processor, an association between the first and second portions. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the second portion comprises a link to another portion of the software update, wherein the at least one device associated with the transport is proximate to the transport, the instructions cause the processor to further perform:
accessing, by the transport, the link; and downloading the another portion of the software update from a location identified by the link. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the instructions cause the processor to further perform:
performing the software update for the first portion in response to receiving the first portion; and performing the software update for the second portion in response to receiving a software update corresponding to the second portion. | An example operation includes one or more of receiving, by a memory on a transport, a first portion of a software update from a server, and in response to at least one device associated with the transport is proximate to the transport, receiving, by the memory, a second portion from the at least one device, performing, by a processor on the transport, the software update, and providing, by the transport, a notification of a completion of the software update to the at least one device.1. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a memory on a transport, a first portion of a software update from a server; receiving, by the memory, a second portion of the software update from at least one device moving within a communication range proximate the transport; and performing, by a processor on the transport, the software update responsive to receiving the second portion of the software update. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising:
validating the software update comprising the first and second portions. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first portion comprises one or more software updates to one or more components of the transport, wherein the second portion comprises one or more software updates to one or more other components of the transport. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein in response to receiving the second portion from the at least one device and prior to performing the software update, the method comprising:
verifying, by the processor, an association between the first and second portions. 5. The method of claim 1, comprising:
displaying, by the transport, a notification of a completion of the software update; and providing, by the transport, the notification of the completion of the software update to the at least one device. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second portion comprises a link to another portion of the software update, wherein the at least one device associated with the transport is proximate to the transport, the method comprising:
accessing, by the transport, the link; and downloading the another portion of the software update from a location identified by the link. 7. The method of claim 1, comprising:
performing the software update for the first portion in response to receiving the first portion; and performing the software update for the second portion in response to receiving the software update corresponding to the second portion. 8. A transport, comprising:
a processor; and a memory, coupled to the processor, comprising instructions that when executed by the processor are configured to:
receive, by the memory, a first portion of a software update from a server;
receive, by the memory, a second portion of the software update from at least one device that moved within a communication range proximate the transport; and
perform by the processor the software update responsive to the second portion being received. 9. The transport of claim 8, wherein the software update comprising the first and second portions is validated. 10. The transport of claim 8, wherein the first portion comprises one or more software updates to one or more components of the transport, wherein the second portion comprises one or more software updates to one or more other components of the transport. 11. The transport of claim 8, wherein in response to the transport receives the second portion from the at least one device and prior to the processor performs the software update, the processor is configured to verify an association between the first and second portions. 12. The transport of claim 8, wherein the transport displays a notification of a completion of the software update and provides the notification of the completion of the software update to the at least one device. 13. The transport of claim 8, wherein the second portion comprises a link to another portion of the software update, wherein the at least one device associated with the transport is proximate to the transport, wherein the transport is further configured to access the link and download a software the another portion of the software update from a location identified by the link. 14. The transport of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to:
perform the software update for the first portion in response to the transport receives the first portion; and perform the software update for the second portion in response to the transport receives a software update that corresponds to the second portion. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions, that when read by a processor, cause the processor to perform:
receiving, by a memory on a transport, a first portion of a software update from a server; receiving, by the memory, a second portion of the software update from at least one device moving within a communication range proximate the transport; and performing, by a processor on the transport, the software update responsive to receiving the second portion of the software update. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the instructions cause the processor to further perform:
validating the software update comprising the first and second portions; displaying, by the transport, a notification of completion of the software update; and providing, by the transport, the notification of the completion of the software update to the at least one device. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the first portion comprises one or more software updates to one or more components of the transport, wherein the second portion comprises one or more software updates to one or more other components of the transport. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein in response to receiving the second portion from the at least one device and prior to performing the software update, the instructions cause the processor to further perform:
verifying, by the processor, an association between the first and second portions. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the second portion comprises a link to another portion of the software update, wherein the at least one device associated with the transport is proximate to the transport, the instructions cause the processor to further perform:
accessing, by the transport, the link; and downloading the another portion of the software update from a location identified by the link. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the instructions cause the processor to further perform:
performing the software update for the first portion in response to receiving the first portion; and performing the software update for the second portion in response to receiving a software update corresponding to the second portion. | 2,100 |
346,780 | 16,805,268 | 3,736 | A beverage canteen container of various materials but not limited to plastic, stainless steel, glass etc. having at least two manufactured compartments separated by a non removable partition wall which features a sleek contour body canteen design and allows the canteen container to hold two separate liquids, pureed or solid food in the canteen. The interchangeable canteen lid will have two interchangeable flip-up Y-spout designs. The first flip-up Y-spout design will allow two products to be extracted from both chambers of the canteen bottom and blend together when extracted through the single elongated tube end into the mouth. The second flip-up Split Y-spout design is split through the end of the Y, resulting in two individual elongated tubes and will provide individual product extraction. Both the Y-spout or the Split Y-spout can be attached and reattached to the top of the canteen lid by two pivotal balls with axles on opposite side of the balls. The axles also secures the spout to the top of the lid's base for opening and closing the spout. There are O-rings located around the non-removable base opening of the canteen lid and will be underneath the pivotal balls. The O-rings will seal the opening when the spouts are in an opened position for an airtight seal between the spouts and the chambers. There are vent release plugs located underneath both the Y-spout and the Split Y-spout to plug the atmosphere vent release holes located on top of the lid when the spouts are in the closed position and will provide an airtight seal when in the closed position. The canteen lid is designed to snap tightly and securely seal by an inverted J shaped peripheral section around the edge of the lid for latching and locking in an airtight position without needing a gasket, so there is no gasket for this design! There lid has two separate non-removable inner wall compartments on the underside that fits inside each chamber of the canteen container bottom with the means of ensuring proper positioning of the lid over each compartment and will assist in preventing the mixing of products from either chamber and will provide an airtight seal for each chamber. Also, the separate inner walls located underneath the lids are ingenious for ensuring that the lid will easily fit the top of each chamber while providing an extra step in ensuring separating the chambers for liquids, puree or solid foods. There are (optional) straw inserts attachment constructed underneath the lid and can be used for sipping purposes. The canteen can be turned upward for a chug a lug product extraction experience. | 1. A dual-chambered beverage canteen container comprising:
A canteen container having a vertical partition and the use of no gaskets for an airtight seal. A vertical partition coupled to the canteen container is irremovable. The irremovable partition separates the container into two compartment chambers while creating a product tight barrier between the two compartment chambers. A snap on lid member for the container, interchangeable spouts, a flip-up Y-spouts and a flip-up Split Y-spout designs, two non-removable inner wall compartments underneath the lids to ensure easy positioning of the lid onto the container and extra product separation assistance for the vertical partition as well as an additional secure and non gasket airtight seal for the chambers. The first spout design is a flip-up Y-spout that will allow two products extracted from both chambers of the canteen chambered bottom blend together through the two elongated tubes and when extracted through the single elongated tube end into the mouth. The second spout design is a flip-up Split Y-spout that provides individual product extraction because the Y-spout has been modified and a mold made to separate through the middle of the Y single end resulting in two individual elongated tubes. Both Y-spout designs are attached to the non-removable lid base by pivotal balls with axles on each side of the ball. Each ball have an aperture located in the back and when flipped up, the aperture in the ball will line up with the opening in the lid base over each chamber and liquids can be dispersed or extracted. There are two aperture hole constructed inside the elongated tube spouts for flow regulation through the spouts. The lid have release hole located on top for release of atmosphere from the chambers when liquids puree or solid foods are dispensed or extracted. Each Y-spout design have release hole plugs attached on the underside to plug into the release holes and aid in the secure airtight seal when the spouts are in the closed position. The lid is secured onto the container with an inverted J shaped peripheral section around the edge of the lid for latching and holding the lid tightly in place. O-rings are placed over the non-removable base of the snap on lid for a secure and airtight seal of the pivotal balls when in an opened position. Optional Straw attachment outlets were added for inserting straws for sipping the liquids but, without the straws attached to the outlet under the base, the products can still be dispensed when the container is in a turned up position for extraction. | A beverage canteen container of various materials but not limited to plastic, stainless steel, glass etc. having at least two manufactured compartments separated by a non removable partition wall which features a sleek contour body canteen design and allows the canteen container to hold two separate liquids, pureed or solid food in the canteen. The interchangeable canteen lid will have two interchangeable flip-up Y-spout designs. The first flip-up Y-spout design will allow two products to be extracted from both chambers of the canteen bottom and blend together when extracted through the single elongated tube end into the mouth. The second flip-up Split Y-spout design is split through the end of the Y, resulting in two individual elongated tubes and will provide individual product extraction. Both the Y-spout or the Split Y-spout can be attached and reattached to the top of the canteen lid by two pivotal balls with axles on opposite side of the balls. The axles also secures the spout to the top of the lid's base for opening and closing the spout. There are O-rings located around the non-removable base opening of the canteen lid and will be underneath the pivotal balls. The O-rings will seal the opening when the spouts are in an opened position for an airtight seal between the spouts and the chambers. There are vent release plugs located underneath both the Y-spout and the Split Y-spout to plug the atmosphere vent release holes located on top of the lid when the spouts are in the closed position and will provide an airtight seal when in the closed position. The canteen lid is designed to snap tightly and securely seal by an inverted J shaped peripheral section around the edge of the lid for latching and locking in an airtight position without needing a gasket, so there is no gasket for this design! There lid has two separate non-removable inner wall compartments on the underside that fits inside each chamber of the canteen container bottom with the means of ensuring proper positioning of the lid over each compartment and will assist in preventing the mixing of products from either chamber and will provide an airtight seal for each chamber. Also, the separate inner walls located underneath the lids are ingenious for ensuring that the lid will easily fit the top of each chamber while providing an extra step in ensuring separating the chambers for liquids, puree or solid foods. There are (optional) straw inserts attachment constructed underneath the lid and can be used for sipping purposes. The canteen can be turned upward for a chug a lug product extraction experience.1. A dual-chambered beverage canteen container comprising:
A canteen container having a vertical partition and the use of no gaskets for an airtight seal. A vertical partition coupled to the canteen container is irremovable. The irremovable partition separates the container into two compartment chambers while creating a product tight barrier between the two compartment chambers. A snap on lid member for the container, interchangeable spouts, a flip-up Y-spouts and a flip-up Split Y-spout designs, two non-removable inner wall compartments underneath the lids to ensure easy positioning of the lid onto the container and extra product separation assistance for the vertical partition as well as an additional secure and non gasket airtight seal for the chambers. The first spout design is a flip-up Y-spout that will allow two products extracted from both chambers of the canteen chambered bottom blend together through the two elongated tubes and when extracted through the single elongated tube end into the mouth. The second spout design is a flip-up Split Y-spout that provides individual product extraction because the Y-spout has been modified and a mold made to separate through the middle of the Y single end resulting in two individual elongated tubes. Both Y-spout designs are attached to the non-removable lid base by pivotal balls with axles on each side of the ball. Each ball have an aperture located in the back and when flipped up, the aperture in the ball will line up with the opening in the lid base over each chamber and liquids can be dispersed or extracted. There are two aperture hole constructed inside the elongated tube spouts for flow regulation through the spouts. The lid have release hole located on top for release of atmosphere from the chambers when liquids puree or solid foods are dispensed or extracted. Each Y-spout design have release hole plugs attached on the underside to plug into the release holes and aid in the secure airtight seal when the spouts are in the closed position. The lid is secured onto the container with an inverted J shaped peripheral section around the edge of the lid for latching and holding the lid tightly in place. O-rings are placed over the non-removable base of the snap on lid for a secure and airtight seal of the pivotal balls when in an opened position. Optional Straw attachment outlets were added for inserting straws for sipping the liquids but, without the straws attached to the outlet under the base, the products can still be dispensed when the container is in a turned up position for extraction. | 3,700 |
346,781 | 16,805,248 | 3,736 | A method comprises determining a first location of a vehicle being driven by a road user and retrieving, from a first database, a first set of parking information. Each entry in the first set of parking information is associated with a physical location that is within a first distance of the first location. For each entry in the first set of parking information, the method comprises displaying, on a graphical user interface, a symbol at a virtual location corresponding to the physical location associated with the entry. The method comprises determining a second location of the vehicle and, if the second location is above a first threshold distance away from the first location and retrieving, from the first database, a second set of parking information. Each entry in the second set of parking information being associated with a physical location that is within a second distance of the second location. For each entry in the second set of parking information, the method comprises displaying, on a graphical user interface, a symbol at a virtual location corresponding to the physical location associated with the entry. | 1. A method comprising:
determining a first location of a vehicle being driven by a road user; retrieving, from a first database, a first set of parking information, each entry in the first set of parking information being associated with a parking bay at a physical location that is within a first distance of the first location; for each entry in the first set of parking information, displaying, on a graphical user interface, a symbol at a virtual location corresponding to the parking bay at the physical location associated with the entry; determining a second location of the vehicle and, if the second location is above a first threshold distance away from the first location; retrieving, from the first database, a second set of parking information, each entry in the second set of parking information being associated with a parking bay at a physical location that is within a second distance of the second location; for each entry in the second set of parking information, displaying, on a graphical user interface, a symbol at a virtual location corresponding to the parking bay at the physical location associated with the entry; comparing the physical location corresponding to a first entry of at least one of the first and second sets of parking information to the determined location of the vehicle; and displaying, based on the physical of the first entry corresponding to an immediate left or an immediate right of the determined location of the vehicle, the symbol associated with the first entry in a colour on the graphical user interface. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein retrieving from the first database comprises comparing, for each entry, the physical location associated with that entry to the first and/or second location of the vehicle to determine if the entry is within the first and/or second distance, respectively. 3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
analysing an entry in the first set of parking information to determine whether the entry represents a parking bay in which parking is not permitted or a parking bay in which parking is permitted; and
if the entry represents a parking bay in which parking is not permitted, then the method comprises displaying the symbol associated with the entry in a first colour; or
if the entry represents a parking bay in which parking is permitted, then the method comprises displaying the symbol in a second colour. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method is performed for each entry in the first set of parking information. 5. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
analysing an entry in the second set of parking information to determine whether the entry represents a parking bay in which parking is not permitted or a parking bay in which parking is permitted; and if the entry represents a parking bay in which parking is not permitted, then the method comprises displaying the symbol associated with the entry in the first colour; or if the entry represents a parking bay in which parking is permitted, then the method comprises displaying the symbol in the second colour. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the method is performed for each entry in the second set of parking information. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
comparing the physical location corresponding to each entry of at least one of the first and second sets of parking information to the determined location of the vehicle; and if the physical location corresponding to each entry corresponds to the immediate left or immediate right of the determined location of the vehicle, displaying the symbol associated with the first entry in a colour on the graphical user interface. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein if the first entry represents a parking bay in which parking is not permitted, then the colour is a third colour, and/or if the first entry comprises a parking bay in which parking is permitted, then the colour is a fourth colour. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein if the physical location of the first entry corresponds to the immediate left or the immediate right of the determined location of the vehicle, then the method comprises highlighting a user-selectable area on the graphical user interface. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein if the first entry represents a parking bay in which parking is not permitted, then the method comprises highlighting the user-selectable area in a fifth colour, and/or if the first entry represents a parking bay in which parking is permitted, then the method comprises highlighting the user-selectable area in a sixth colour. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein, in response to a user selecting the user-selectable area on the graphical user interface, the method comprises displaying parking information specific to the first entry. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the parking information specific to the first entry is stored in the first database. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein, in response to a user selecting a displayed virtual location on the graphical user interface, the displayed virtual location corresponding to a physical location, the method comprises displaying parking information specific to the entry corresponding to the physical location on the graphical user interface. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein each entry comprises data representing at least one of: maximum stay of parking, price per hour of parking, permitted, and/or prohibited times of parking. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the displayed parking information comprises at least one of: maximum stay of parking, price per hour of parking, permitted, and/or prohibited times of parking. 16. The method of claim 3, wherein, if an entry represents a parking bay in which parking is permitted, then the method further comprises displaying a price per hour of parking in that bay on the graphical user interface in a vicinity of the virtual location associated with that entry. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein, in response to a user selecting a displayed virtual location on the graphical user interface, the displayed virtual location corresponding to a physical location, the method comprises changing a destination of the vehicle in a route guidance system to the physical location selected by the user. | A method comprises determining a first location of a vehicle being driven by a road user and retrieving, from a first database, a first set of parking information. Each entry in the first set of parking information is associated with a physical location that is within a first distance of the first location. For each entry in the first set of parking information, the method comprises displaying, on a graphical user interface, a symbol at a virtual location corresponding to the physical location associated with the entry. The method comprises determining a second location of the vehicle and, if the second location is above a first threshold distance away from the first location and retrieving, from the first database, a second set of parking information. Each entry in the second set of parking information being associated with a physical location that is within a second distance of the second location. For each entry in the second set of parking information, the method comprises displaying, on a graphical user interface, a symbol at a virtual location corresponding to the physical location associated with the entry.1. A method comprising:
determining a first location of a vehicle being driven by a road user; retrieving, from a first database, a first set of parking information, each entry in the first set of parking information being associated with a parking bay at a physical location that is within a first distance of the first location; for each entry in the first set of parking information, displaying, on a graphical user interface, a symbol at a virtual location corresponding to the parking bay at the physical location associated with the entry; determining a second location of the vehicle and, if the second location is above a first threshold distance away from the first location; retrieving, from the first database, a second set of parking information, each entry in the second set of parking information being associated with a parking bay at a physical location that is within a second distance of the second location; for each entry in the second set of parking information, displaying, on a graphical user interface, a symbol at a virtual location corresponding to the parking bay at the physical location associated with the entry; comparing the physical location corresponding to a first entry of at least one of the first and second sets of parking information to the determined location of the vehicle; and displaying, based on the physical of the first entry corresponding to an immediate left or an immediate right of the determined location of the vehicle, the symbol associated with the first entry in a colour on the graphical user interface. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein retrieving from the first database comprises comparing, for each entry, the physical location associated with that entry to the first and/or second location of the vehicle to determine if the entry is within the first and/or second distance, respectively. 3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
analysing an entry in the first set of parking information to determine whether the entry represents a parking bay in which parking is not permitted or a parking bay in which parking is permitted; and
if the entry represents a parking bay in which parking is not permitted, then the method comprises displaying the symbol associated with the entry in a first colour; or
if the entry represents a parking bay in which parking is permitted, then the method comprises displaying the symbol in a second colour. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method is performed for each entry in the first set of parking information. 5. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
analysing an entry in the second set of parking information to determine whether the entry represents a parking bay in which parking is not permitted or a parking bay in which parking is permitted; and if the entry represents a parking bay in which parking is not permitted, then the method comprises displaying the symbol associated with the entry in the first colour; or if the entry represents a parking bay in which parking is permitted, then the method comprises displaying the symbol in the second colour. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the method is performed for each entry in the second set of parking information. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
comparing the physical location corresponding to each entry of at least one of the first and second sets of parking information to the determined location of the vehicle; and if the physical location corresponding to each entry corresponds to the immediate left or immediate right of the determined location of the vehicle, displaying the symbol associated with the first entry in a colour on the graphical user interface. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein if the first entry represents a parking bay in which parking is not permitted, then the colour is a third colour, and/or if the first entry comprises a parking bay in which parking is permitted, then the colour is a fourth colour. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein if the physical location of the first entry corresponds to the immediate left or the immediate right of the determined location of the vehicle, then the method comprises highlighting a user-selectable area on the graphical user interface. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein if the first entry represents a parking bay in which parking is not permitted, then the method comprises highlighting the user-selectable area in a fifth colour, and/or if the first entry represents a parking bay in which parking is permitted, then the method comprises highlighting the user-selectable area in a sixth colour. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein, in response to a user selecting the user-selectable area on the graphical user interface, the method comprises displaying parking information specific to the first entry. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the parking information specific to the first entry is stored in the first database. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein, in response to a user selecting a displayed virtual location on the graphical user interface, the displayed virtual location corresponding to a physical location, the method comprises displaying parking information specific to the entry corresponding to the physical location on the graphical user interface. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein each entry comprises data representing at least one of: maximum stay of parking, price per hour of parking, permitted, and/or prohibited times of parking. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the displayed parking information comprises at least one of: maximum stay of parking, price per hour of parking, permitted, and/or prohibited times of parking. 16. The method of claim 3, wherein, if an entry represents a parking bay in which parking is permitted, then the method further comprises displaying a price per hour of parking in that bay on the graphical user interface in a vicinity of the virtual location associated with that entry. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein, in response to a user selecting a displayed virtual location on the graphical user interface, the displayed virtual location corresponding to a physical location, the method comprises changing a destination of the vehicle in a route guidance system to the physical location selected by the user. | 3,700 |
346,782 | 16,805,201 | 3,736 | A topical therapeutic hydrophobic breakable composition includes a carrier comprising (a) about 60% to about 99% by weight of at least one hydrophobic oil; (b) at least one viscosity-modifying agents selected from the group consisting of a fatty alcohol, a fatty acid and a wax; and (c) a tetracycline antibiotic, characterized in that at least part of the tetracycline antibiotic is suspended in the composition; the viscosity of the composition is at least about 30% higher than the viscosity of the carrier without the tetracycline antibiotic; and is higher than the viscosity of the hydrophobic oil and the tetracycline antibiotic without the viscosity modifying agents. The tetracycline is chemically stable in the composition for at least six months; wherein more than about 90% of the tetracycline has not broken down. The composition is packaged as a breakable foam that breaks easily upon application of shear force. | 1. (canceled) 2. A method of treating rosacea, comprising administering a foamable composition comprising a carrier and a liquefied or compressed gas propellant, the carrier comprising:
a) a tetracycline antibiotic; b) at least one hydrophobic oil; and c) an agent comprising (i) at least one fatty alcohol and at least one wax; (ii) at least one fatty acid and at least one wax; (iii) at least one fatty alcohol, at least one fatty acid, and at least one wax; (iv) a wax comprising a hydrogenated oil; or (v) a combination of two or more waxes; wherein the carrier comprises less than 0.1% by weight of a surfactant; wherein the composition has an Aw value of about 0.9 or less; and wherein upon release from an aerosol container the composition forms a foam. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the composition has an Aw value of about 0.7 or less. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the at least one hydrophobic oil comprises a mineral oil, a hydrocarbon oil, an ester oil, an ester of a dicarboxylic acid, a triglyceride oil, an oil of plant origin, an oil from animal origin, an unsaturated or polyunsaturated oil, a diglyceride, a PPG alkyl ether, an essential oil, a silicone oil, liquid paraffin, an isoparaffin, a polyalphaolefin, a polyolefin, polyisobutylene, a synthetic isoalkane, isohexadecane, isododecane, alkyl benzoate, alkyl octanoate, C12-C15 alkyl benzoate, C12-C15 alkyl octanoate, arachidyl behenate, arachidyl propionate, benzyl laurate, benzyl myristate, benzyl palmitate, bis (octyldodecyl stearoyl) dimer dilinoleate, butyl myristate, butyl stearate, cetearyl ethylhexanoate, cetearyl isononanoate, cetyl acetate, cetyl ethylhexanoate, cetyl lactate, cetyl myristate, cetyl octanoate, cetyl palm itate, cetyl ricinoleate, decyl oleate, diethyleneglycol diethylhexanoate, diethyleneglycol dioctanoate, diethyleneglycol diisononanoate, diethyleneglycol diisononanoate, diethylhexanoate, diethylhexyl adipate, diethylhexyl malate, diethylhexyl succinate, diisopropyl adipate, diisopropyl dimerate, diisopropyl sebacate, diisosteary dimer dilinoleate, diisostearyl fumerate, dioctyl malate, dioctyl sebacate, dodecyl oleate, ethylhexyl palmitate, ester derivatives of lanolic acid, ethylhexyl cocoate, ethylhexyl ethylhexanoate, ethylhexyl hydroxystarate, ethylhexyl isononanoate, ethylhexyl palmytate, ethylhexyl pelargonate, ethylhexyl stearate, hexadecyl stearate, hexyl laurate, isoamyl laurate, isocetyl isocetyl behenate, isocetyl lanolate, isocetyl palm itate, isocetyl stearate, isocetyl salicylate, isocetyl stearate, isocetyl stearoyl stearate, isocetearyl octanoate, isodecyl ethylhexanoate, isodecyl isononanoate, isodecyl oleate, isononyl isononanoate, isodecyl oleate, isohexyl decanoate, isononyl octanoate, isopropyl isostearate, isopropyl lanolate, isopropyl laurate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palm itate, isopropyl stearate, isostearyl behenate, isosteary citrate, isostearyl erucate, isostearyl glycolate, isostearyl isononanoate, isostearyl isostearate, isostearyl lactate, isostearyl linoleate, isostearyl linolenate, isostearyl malate, isostearyl neopentanoate, isostearyl palmitate, isosteary salicylate, isosteary tartarate, isotridecyl isononanoate, isotridecyl isononanoate, lauryl lactate, myristyl lactate, myristyl myristate, myristyl neopentanoate, myristyl propionate, octyldodecyl myristate, neopentylglycol dicaprate, octyl dodecanol, octyl stearate, octyl palmitate, octyldodecyl behenate, octyldodecyl hydroxystearate, octyldodecyl myristate, octyldodecyl stearoyl stearate, oleyl erucate, oleyl lactate, oleyl oleate, propyl myristate, propylene glycol myristyl ether acetate, propylene glycol dicaprate, propylene glycol dicaprylate, maleated soybean oil, stearyl caprate, stearyl heptanoate, stearyl propionate, tocopheryl acetate, tocopheryl linoleate, glyceryl oleate, tridecyl ethylhexanoate, tridecyl isononanoate, triisocetyl citrate, an alexandria laurel tree oil, an avocado oil, an apricot stone oil, a barley oil, a borage seed oil, a calendula oil, a canelle nut tree oil, a canola oil, caprylic/capric triglycerides, a castor oil, a coconut oil, a corn oil, a cotton oil, a cottonseed oil, an evening primrose oil, a flaxseed oil, a groundnut oil, a hazelnut oil, glycereth triacetate, glycerol triheptanoate, glyceryl trioctanoate, glyceryl triundecanoate, a hempseed oil, a jojoba oil, a lucerne oil, a maize germ oil, a marrow oil, a millet oil, a neopentylglycol dicaprylate/dicaprate, an olive oil, a palm oil, a passionflower oil, pentaerythrityl tetrastearate, a poppy oil, propylene glycol ricinoleate, a rapeseed oil, a rye oil, a safflower oil, a sesame oil, a shea butter, a soya oil, a soybean oil, a sweet almond oil, a sunflower oil, a sysymbrium oil, a Syzigium aromaticum oil, a tea tree oil, a walnut oil, wheat germ glycerides, a wheat germ oil, a PPG-2 butyl ether, a PPG-4 butyl ether, a PPG-5 butyl ether, a PPG-9 butyl ether, a PPG-12 butyl ether, a PPG-14 butyl ether, a PPG-15 butyl ether, a PPG-15 stearyl ether, a PPG-16 butyl ether, a PPG-17 butyl ether, a PPG-18 butyl ether, a PPG-20 butyl ether, a PPG-22 butyl ether, a PPG-24 butyl ether, a PPG-26 butyl ether, a PPG-30 butyl ether, a PPG-33 butyl ether, a PPG-40 butyl ether, a PPG-52 butyl ether, a PPG-53 butyl ether, a PPG-10 cetyl ether, a PPG-28 cetyl ether, a PPG-30 cetyl ether, a PPG-50 cetyl ether, a PPG-30 isocetyl ether, a PPG-4 lauryl ether, a PPG-7 lauryl ether, a PPG-2 methyl ether, a PPG-3 methyl ether, a PPG-3 myristyl ether, a PPG-4 myristyl ether, a PPG-10 oleyl ether, a PPG-20 oleyl ether, a PPG-23 oleyl ether, a PPG-30 oleyl ether, a PPG-37 oleyl ether, a PPG-40 butyl ether, a PPG-50 oleyl ether, a PPG-11 stearyl ether, a herring oil, a cod-liver oil, a salmon oil, a cyclomethicone, a dimethyl polysiloxane, a dimethicone, an epoxy-modified silicone oil, a fatty acid-modified silicone oil, a fluoro group-modified silicone oil, a methylphenylpolysiloxane, phenyl trimethicone, a polyether group modified silicone oil, or a mixture of any two or more thereof. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein at least one or both of the fatty alcohol or the fatty acid has at least 12 carbon atoms in its carbon backbone. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the agent comprises at least one fatty alcohol, at least one fatty acid, and at least one wax, wherein the at least one wax comprises a beeswax, a hydrogenated oil, or both. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the composition comprises (1) less than 0.4% by weight of a protic solvent, a polar aprotic solvent, and a silicone thickening agent or (2) less than 0.4% by weight of a polymeric gelling agent, a short chain alcohol, and a silicone thickening agent. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the foamable carrier comprises:
a) about 45% to about 55% by weight of a soybean oil; b) about 21.2% to about 26% by weight of a coconut oil; c) about 4.5% to about 5.5% by weight of a cyclomethicone; d) about 0.85% to about 4.8% by weight of a light mineral oil; e) about 3.2% to about 3.9% by weight of cetostearyl alcohol; f) about 2.7% to about 3.3% by weight of stearic acid; g) about 2.3% to about 2.8% by weight of myristyl alcohol; h) about 1% to about 5% hydrogenated castor oil; i) about 1% to about 10% beeswax; j) about 1.4% to about 1.7% by weight of stearyl alcohol; and k) about 1% to about 1.2% by weight of behenyl alcohol. 9. The method of claim 2, wherein the tetracycline antibiotic comprises an oxytetracycline, a demeclocycline, a doxycycline, a lymecycline, a meclocycline, a methacycline, a minocycline, a rolitetracycline, a chlorotetracycline, a tigecycline, or a mixture of two or more thereof. 10. The method of claim 2, wherein the tetracycline antibiotic comprises a minocycline. 11. The method of claim 2, wherein the tetracycline antibiotic is present at about 0.025% to about 6% by weight of the carrier. 12. The method of claim 2, wherein the at least one hydrophobic oil comprises about 60% to about 99% by weight of the composition. 13. A method of treating rosacea, comprising administering a foamable, waterless composition comprising a carrier and a liquefied or compressed gas propellant, the carrier comprising:
a) a tetracycline antibiotic; b) a hydrophobic oil or a combination of two or more hydrophobic oils; c) a combination of two or more fatty alcohols, wherein at least one of the fatty alcohols is stearyl alcohol; d) optionally stearic acid; and e) at least one wax; wherein the hydrophobic oil or combination of hydrophobic oils are present at between about 75% and 95% by weight of the carrier; wherein the ratio of the fatty alcohols to stearic acid, if present, is between about 4:1 and 1:4; wherein the fatty alcohols and the wax are present at a ratio between about 4:1 and 3:2; wherein the composition does not comprise a polyol and/or polyethylene glycol; wherein the composition comprises less than 5% by weight of short chain alcohols; and wherein upon release from an aerosol container the composition forms a foam. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the wax comprises a beeswax, a hydrogenated castor oil, a paraffin 58-62° C. wax, paraffin 51-53° C. wax, a paraffin 42-44° C. wax, or a mixture of two or more thereof. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the combination of hydrophobic oils comprises a light mineral oil and a heavy mineral oil. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the ratio between the heavy mineral oil and the light mineral oil is equal to or less than about 2.4:1. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the combination of hydrophobic oils comprises a light mineral oil, a soybean oil, a coconut oil, and a silicone oil comprising cyclomethicone. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein cyclomethicone is present at about 5% by weight of the carrier or less. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the combination of fatty alcohols comprises (1) stearyl alcohol and (2) one or more of cetyl alcohol, cetostearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, and myristyl alcohol. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the fatty alcohols and stearic acid are present at about 1% to about 12% by weight of the carrier. 21. The method of claim 13, wherein the tetracycline antibiotic comprises an oxytetracycline, a demeclocycline, a doxycycline, a lymecycline, a meclocycline, a methacycline, a minocycline, a rolitetracycline, a chlorotetracycline, a tigecycline, or a mixture of two or more thereof. 22. The method of claim 13, wherein the tetracycline antibiotic comprises a minocycline. 23. The method of claim 13, wherein the tetracycline antibiotic is present at about 0.025% to about 6% by weight of the carrier. 24. The method of claim 13, wherein the carrier further comprises silicon dioxide. | A topical therapeutic hydrophobic breakable composition includes a carrier comprising (a) about 60% to about 99% by weight of at least one hydrophobic oil; (b) at least one viscosity-modifying agents selected from the group consisting of a fatty alcohol, a fatty acid and a wax; and (c) a tetracycline antibiotic, characterized in that at least part of the tetracycline antibiotic is suspended in the composition; the viscosity of the composition is at least about 30% higher than the viscosity of the carrier without the tetracycline antibiotic; and is higher than the viscosity of the hydrophobic oil and the tetracycline antibiotic without the viscosity modifying agents. The tetracycline is chemically stable in the composition for at least six months; wherein more than about 90% of the tetracycline has not broken down. The composition is packaged as a breakable foam that breaks easily upon application of shear force.1. (canceled) 2. A method of treating rosacea, comprising administering a foamable composition comprising a carrier and a liquefied or compressed gas propellant, the carrier comprising:
a) a tetracycline antibiotic; b) at least one hydrophobic oil; and c) an agent comprising (i) at least one fatty alcohol and at least one wax; (ii) at least one fatty acid and at least one wax; (iii) at least one fatty alcohol, at least one fatty acid, and at least one wax; (iv) a wax comprising a hydrogenated oil; or (v) a combination of two or more waxes; wherein the carrier comprises less than 0.1% by weight of a surfactant; wherein the composition has an Aw value of about 0.9 or less; and wherein upon release from an aerosol container the composition forms a foam. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the composition has an Aw value of about 0.7 or less. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the at least one hydrophobic oil comprises a mineral oil, a hydrocarbon oil, an ester oil, an ester of a dicarboxylic acid, a triglyceride oil, an oil of plant origin, an oil from animal origin, an unsaturated or polyunsaturated oil, a diglyceride, a PPG alkyl ether, an essential oil, a silicone oil, liquid paraffin, an isoparaffin, a polyalphaolefin, a polyolefin, polyisobutylene, a synthetic isoalkane, isohexadecane, isododecane, alkyl benzoate, alkyl octanoate, C12-C15 alkyl benzoate, C12-C15 alkyl octanoate, arachidyl behenate, arachidyl propionate, benzyl laurate, benzyl myristate, benzyl palmitate, bis (octyldodecyl stearoyl) dimer dilinoleate, butyl myristate, butyl stearate, cetearyl ethylhexanoate, cetearyl isononanoate, cetyl acetate, cetyl ethylhexanoate, cetyl lactate, cetyl myristate, cetyl octanoate, cetyl palm itate, cetyl ricinoleate, decyl oleate, diethyleneglycol diethylhexanoate, diethyleneglycol dioctanoate, diethyleneglycol diisononanoate, diethyleneglycol diisononanoate, diethylhexanoate, diethylhexyl adipate, diethylhexyl malate, diethylhexyl succinate, diisopropyl adipate, diisopropyl dimerate, diisopropyl sebacate, diisosteary dimer dilinoleate, diisostearyl fumerate, dioctyl malate, dioctyl sebacate, dodecyl oleate, ethylhexyl palmitate, ester derivatives of lanolic acid, ethylhexyl cocoate, ethylhexyl ethylhexanoate, ethylhexyl hydroxystarate, ethylhexyl isononanoate, ethylhexyl palmytate, ethylhexyl pelargonate, ethylhexyl stearate, hexadecyl stearate, hexyl laurate, isoamyl laurate, isocetyl isocetyl behenate, isocetyl lanolate, isocetyl palm itate, isocetyl stearate, isocetyl salicylate, isocetyl stearate, isocetyl stearoyl stearate, isocetearyl octanoate, isodecyl ethylhexanoate, isodecyl isononanoate, isodecyl oleate, isononyl isononanoate, isodecyl oleate, isohexyl decanoate, isononyl octanoate, isopropyl isostearate, isopropyl lanolate, isopropyl laurate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palm itate, isopropyl stearate, isostearyl behenate, isosteary citrate, isostearyl erucate, isostearyl glycolate, isostearyl isononanoate, isostearyl isostearate, isostearyl lactate, isostearyl linoleate, isostearyl linolenate, isostearyl malate, isostearyl neopentanoate, isostearyl palmitate, isosteary salicylate, isosteary tartarate, isotridecyl isononanoate, isotridecyl isononanoate, lauryl lactate, myristyl lactate, myristyl myristate, myristyl neopentanoate, myristyl propionate, octyldodecyl myristate, neopentylglycol dicaprate, octyl dodecanol, octyl stearate, octyl palmitate, octyldodecyl behenate, octyldodecyl hydroxystearate, octyldodecyl myristate, octyldodecyl stearoyl stearate, oleyl erucate, oleyl lactate, oleyl oleate, propyl myristate, propylene glycol myristyl ether acetate, propylene glycol dicaprate, propylene glycol dicaprylate, maleated soybean oil, stearyl caprate, stearyl heptanoate, stearyl propionate, tocopheryl acetate, tocopheryl linoleate, glyceryl oleate, tridecyl ethylhexanoate, tridecyl isononanoate, triisocetyl citrate, an alexandria laurel tree oil, an avocado oil, an apricot stone oil, a barley oil, a borage seed oil, a calendula oil, a canelle nut tree oil, a canola oil, caprylic/capric triglycerides, a castor oil, a coconut oil, a corn oil, a cotton oil, a cottonseed oil, an evening primrose oil, a flaxseed oil, a groundnut oil, a hazelnut oil, glycereth triacetate, glycerol triheptanoate, glyceryl trioctanoate, glyceryl triundecanoate, a hempseed oil, a jojoba oil, a lucerne oil, a maize germ oil, a marrow oil, a millet oil, a neopentylglycol dicaprylate/dicaprate, an olive oil, a palm oil, a passionflower oil, pentaerythrityl tetrastearate, a poppy oil, propylene glycol ricinoleate, a rapeseed oil, a rye oil, a safflower oil, a sesame oil, a shea butter, a soya oil, a soybean oil, a sweet almond oil, a sunflower oil, a sysymbrium oil, a Syzigium aromaticum oil, a tea tree oil, a walnut oil, wheat germ glycerides, a wheat germ oil, a PPG-2 butyl ether, a PPG-4 butyl ether, a PPG-5 butyl ether, a PPG-9 butyl ether, a PPG-12 butyl ether, a PPG-14 butyl ether, a PPG-15 butyl ether, a PPG-15 stearyl ether, a PPG-16 butyl ether, a PPG-17 butyl ether, a PPG-18 butyl ether, a PPG-20 butyl ether, a PPG-22 butyl ether, a PPG-24 butyl ether, a PPG-26 butyl ether, a PPG-30 butyl ether, a PPG-33 butyl ether, a PPG-40 butyl ether, a PPG-52 butyl ether, a PPG-53 butyl ether, a PPG-10 cetyl ether, a PPG-28 cetyl ether, a PPG-30 cetyl ether, a PPG-50 cetyl ether, a PPG-30 isocetyl ether, a PPG-4 lauryl ether, a PPG-7 lauryl ether, a PPG-2 methyl ether, a PPG-3 methyl ether, a PPG-3 myristyl ether, a PPG-4 myristyl ether, a PPG-10 oleyl ether, a PPG-20 oleyl ether, a PPG-23 oleyl ether, a PPG-30 oleyl ether, a PPG-37 oleyl ether, a PPG-40 butyl ether, a PPG-50 oleyl ether, a PPG-11 stearyl ether, a herring oil, a cod-liver oil, a salmon oil, a cyclomethicone, a dimethyl polysiloxane, a dimethicone, an epoxy-modified silicone oil, a fatty acid-modified silicone oil, a fluoro group-modified silicone oil, a methylphenylpolysiloxane, phenyl trimethicone, a polyether group modified silicone oil, or a mixture of any two or more thereof. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein at least one or both of the fatty alcohol or the fatty acid has at least 12 carbon atoms in its carbon backbone. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the agent comprises at least one fatty alcohol, at least one fatty acid, and at least one wax, wherein the at least one wax comprises a beeswax, a hydrogenated oil, or both. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the composition comprises (1) less than 0.4% by weight of a protic solvent, a polar aprotic solvent, and a silicone thickening agent or (2) less than 0.4% by weight of a polymeric gelling agent, a short chain alcohol, and a silicone thickening agent. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the foamable carrier comprises:
a) about 45% to about 55% by weight of a soybean oil; b) about 21.2% to about 26% by weight of a coconut oil; c) about 4.5% to about 5.5% by weight of a cyclomethicone; d) about 0.85% to about 4.8% by weight of a light mineral oil; e) about 3.2% to about 3.9% by weight of cetostearyl alcohol; f) about 2.7% to about 3.3% by weight of stearic acid; g) about 2.3% to about 2.8% by weight of myristyl alcohol; h) about 1% to about 5% hydrogenated castor oil; i) about 1% to about 10% beeswax; j) about 1.4% to about 1.7% by weight of stearyl alcohol; and k) about 1% to about 1.2% by weight of behenyl alcohol. 9. The method of claim 2, wherein the tetracycline antibiotic comprises an oxytetracycline, a demeclocycline, a doxycycline, a lymecycline, a meclocycline, a methacycline, a minocycline, a rolitetracycline, a chlorotetracycline, a tigecycline, or a mixture of two or more thereof. 10. The method of claim 2, wherein the tetracycline antibiotic comprises a minocycline. 11. The method of claim 2, wherein the tetracycline antibiotic is present at about 0.025% to about 6% by weight of the carrier. 12. The method of claim 2, wherein the at least one hydrophobic oil comprises about 60% to about 99% by weight of the composition. 13. A method of treating rosacea, comprising administering a foamable, waterless composition comprising a carrier and a liquefied or compressed gas propellant, the carrier comprising:
a) a tetracycline antibiotic; b) a hydrophobic oil or a combination of two or more hydrophobic oils; c) a combination of two or more fatty alcohols, wherein at least one of the fatty alcohols is stearyl alcohol; d) optionally stearic acid; and e) at least one wax; wherein the hydrophobic oil or combination of hydrophobic oils are present at between about 75% and 95% by weight of the carrier; wherein the ratio of the fatty alcohols to stearic acid, if present, is between about 4:1 and 1:4; wherein the fatty alcohols and the wax are present at a ratio between about 4:1 and 3:2; wherein the composition does not comprise a polyol and/or polyethylene glycol; wherein the composition comprises less than 5% by weight of short chain alcohols; and wherein upon release from an aerosol container the composition forms a foam. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the wax comprises a beeswax, a hydrogenated castor oil, a paraffin 58-62° C. wax, paraffin 51-53° C. wax, a paraffin 42-44° C. wax, or a mixture of two or more thereof. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the combination of hydrophobic oils comprises a light mineral oil and a heavy mineral oil. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the ratio between the heavy mineral oil and the light mineral oil is equal to or less than about 2.4:1. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the combination of hydrophobic oils comprises a light mineral oil, a soybean oil, a coconut oil, and a silicone oil comprising cyclomethicone. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein cyclomethicone is present at about 5% by weight of the carrier or less. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the combination of fatty alcohols comprises (1) stearyl alcohol and (2) one or more of cetyl alcohol, cetostearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, and myristyl alcohol. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the fatty alcohols and stearic acid are present at about 1% to about 12% by weight of the carrier. 21. The method of claim 13, wherein the tetracycline antibiotic comprises an oxytetracycline, a demeclocycline, a doxycycline, a lymecycline, a meclocycline, a methacycline, a minocycline, a rolitetracycline, a chlorotetracycline, a tigecycline, or a mixture of two or more thereof. 22. The method of claim 13, wherein the tetracycline antibiotic comprises a minocycline. 23. The method of claim 13, wherein the tetracycline antibiotic is present at about 0.025% to about 6% by weight of the carrier. 24. The method of claim 13, wherein the carrier further comprises silicon dioxide. | 3,700 |
346,783 | 16,805,240 | 3,736 | The present invention relates to an image processing-based collision avoidance method and system for a flight vehicle, and a flight vehicle including the system. The present invention proposes a method in which an interest region containing a moving object is detected from a received image; and the interest region is enlarged to identify a type of the moving object, wherein when the moving object is detected, the received image is filtered and the moving object is detected on the basis of movement in the filtered image. Further, in the present invention, a forward image input unit obtaining a forward image of a direction in which the flight vehicle moves is provided on a vertical tail wing that is positioned on a first axis of the flight vehicle, the moving object is detected from the forward image for tracking, and then an avoidance path is generated. | 1. An image processing-based collision avoidance method for a flight vehicle, the method comprising:
receiving an image from an input unit provided on the flight vehicle; detecting an interest region containing a moving object from the received image; enlarging the interest region to identify a type of the moving object; and avoiding the moving object when the moving object is in a path of the flight vehicle, wherein when the moving object is detected, the received image is filtered and the moving object is detected on the basis of movement in the filtered image. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein when the received image is filtered,
the received image is binarized to generate a binarization image, and then a first image and a second image are generated with respect to the binarization image, and a difference image between the first image and the second image is obtained. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first image and the second image are images obtained by applying different morphology operations. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein among one or more objects contained in the filtered image, an object of which at least one among a movement direction and a movement speed is different from that of the other objects is determined as the moving object. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the movement in the filtered image is determined using an optical-flow technique. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein movement in the interest region containing the moving object is tracked, and whether the moving object is in the path of the flight vehicle is identified. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the interest region is enlarged and deep learning is performed so that the type of the moving object is identified. 8. The method of claim 1, when avoiding the moving object, the flight vehicle automatically generates an avoidance path for the detected moving object on the basis of at least one piece of information among a position, a movement direction, and a movement speed of the moving object. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein when the moving object is in the path of the flight vehicle, a warning of a risk of collision is transmitted. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the input unit includes an electro-optic (EO) sensor. 11. An image-based collision avoidance system for a flight vehicle, the system comprising:
a forward image input unit obtaining an forward image of a direction in which the flight vehicle moves; a moving-object tracking unit detecting and tracking a moving object in the forward image; an avoidance path generation unit generating an avoidance path by using information on the detected moving object; and an output unit outputting the information on the detected moving object and the avoidance path, wherein the forward image input unit is provided on a vertical tail wing that is positioned on a first axis of the flight vehicle. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the forward image input unit is composed of three electro-optic (EO) sensors. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the forward image input unit is composed of,
a first sensor that is positioned to be parallel to the first axis of the flight vehicle; a second sensor that is positioned on a right at an angle of 70 degrees with respect to the first sensor; and a third sensor that is positioned on a left at an angle of 70 degrees with respect to the first sensor. 14. The system of claim 11, further comprising:
an assist flight vehicle information input unit, wherein the assist flight vehicle information input unit transmits information on an assist flight vehicle, which is received from an automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) reception sensor, to the moving-object tracking unit. 15. The system of claim 14, further comprising:
an information collection unit, wherein the information collection unit collects information on the flight vehicle and the information on the assist flight vehicle, which are received, and provides the collected information to the avoidance path generation unit that generates information for generating the avoidance path. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the moving-object tracking unit detects an interest region containing the moving object from the forward image and enlarges the interest region to identify a type of the moving object. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the moving-object tracking unit receives information on the interest region from the assist flight vehicle information input unit, and detects the moving object on the basis of at least one piece of information among the information on the interest region and information on an analysis of the forward image. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein when the moving-object tracking unit detects the moving object,
the forward image is filtered, and the moving object is detected on the basis of movement in the filtered image. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein the moving-object tracking unit enlarges the interest region and performs deep learning on the interest region to identify the type of the moving object. 20. The system of claim 16, wherein movement in the filtering image is determined using an optical-flow technique. | The present invention relates to an image processing-based collision avoidance method and system for a flight vehicle, and a flight vehicle including the system. The present invention proposes a method in which an interest region containing a moving object is detected from a received image; and the interest region is enlarged to identify a type of the moving object, wherein when the moving object is detected, the received image is filtered and the moving object is detected on the basis of movement in the filtered image. Further, in the present invention, a forward image input unit obtaining a forward image of a direction in which the flight vehicle moves is provided on a vertical tail wing that is positioned on a first axis of the flight vehicle, the moving object is detected from the forward image for tracking, and then an avoidance path is generated.1. An image processing-based collision avoidance method for a flight vehicle, the method comprising:
receiving an image from an input unit provided on the flight vehicle; detecting an interest region containing a moving object from the received image; enlarging the interest region to identify a type of the moving object; and avoiding the moving object when the moving object is in a path of the flight vehicle, wherein when the moving object is detected, the received image is filtered and the moving object is detected on the basis of movement in the filtered image. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein when the received image is filtered,
the received image is binarized to generate a binarization image, and then a first image and a second image are generated with respect to the binarization image, and a difference image between the first image and the second image is obtained. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first image and the second image are images obtained by applying different morphology operations. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein among one or more objects contained in the filtered image, an object of which at least one among a movement direction and a movement speed is different from that of the other objects is determined as the moving object. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the movement in the filtered image is determined using an optical-flow technique. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein movement in the interest region containing the moving object is tracked, and whether the moving object is in the path of the flight vehicle is identified. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the interest region is enlarged and deep learning is performed so that the type of the moving object is identified. 8. The method of claim 1, when avoiding the moving object, the flight vehicle automatically generates an avoidance path for the detected moving object on the basis of at least one piece of information among a position, a movement direction, and a movement speed of the moving object. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein when the moving object is in the path of the flight vehicle, a warning of a risk of collision is transmitted. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the input unit includes an electro-optic (EO) sensor. 11. An image-based collision avoidance system for a flight vehicle, the system comprising:
a forward image input unit obtaining an forward image of a direction in which the flight vehicle moves; a moving-object tracking unit detecting and tracking a moving object in the forward image; an avoidance path generation unit generating an avoidance path by using information on the detected moving object; and an output unit outputting the information on the detected moving object and the avoidance path, wherein the forward image input unit is provided on a vertical tail wing that is positioned on a first axis of the flight vehicle. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the forward image input unit is composed of three electro-optic (EO) sensors. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the forward image input unit is composed of,
a first sensor that is positioned to be parallel to the first axis of the flight vehicle; a second sensor that is positioned on a right at an angle of 70 degrees with respect to the first sensor; and a third sensor that is positioned on a left at an angle of 70 degrees with respect to the first sensor. 14. The system of claim 11, further comprising:
an assist flight vehicle information input unit, wherein the assist flight vehicle information input unit transmits information on an assist flight vehicle, which is received from an automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) reception sensor, to the moving-object tracking unit. 15. The system of claim 14, further comprising:
an information collection unit, wherein the information collection unit collects information on the flight vehicle and the information on the assist flight vehicle, which are received, and provides the collected information to the avoidance path generation unit that generates information for generating the avoidance path. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the moving-object tracking unit detects an interest region containing the moving object from the forward image and enlarges the interest region to identify a type of the moving object. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the moving-object tracking unit receives information on the interest region from the assist flight vehicle information input unit, and detects the moving object on the basis of at least one piece of information among the information on the interest region and information on an analysis of the forward image. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein when the moving-object tracking unit detects the moving object,
the forward image is filtered, and the moving object is detected on the basis of movement in the filtered image. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein the moving-object tracking unit enlarges the interest region and performs deep learning on the interest region to identify the type of the moving object. 20. The system of claim 16, wherein movement in the filtering image is determined using an optical-flow technique. | 3,700 |
346,784 | 16,805,253 | 2,872 | A faceguard is configured for measuring a human eye muscle movement response. The faceguard is configured for protecting at least one part of a human face and has an aperture for human vision through the faceguard. The faceguard comprises an eye sensor, a head orientation sensor, and an electronic circuit. The eye sensor comprises a video camera and is configured for measuring eyeball movement, pupil size, and/or eyelid movement. The head orientation sensor senses pitch and/or yaw of a person's head. The electronic circuit is responsive to the eye sensor and the head orientation sensor. | 1. A faceguard wherein:
the faceguard is configured for measuring an eye muscle movement response; the faceguard comprises:
a structural member configured for protecting at least one part of a human face;
at least one aperture configured for human vision through the faceguard;
an eye sensor wherein:
the eye sensor comprises a video camera; and
the eye sensor senses eye information selected from the group of:
eyeball movement;
pupil size; and
eyelid movement;
a head orientation sensor wherein:
the head orientation sensor senses a head movement selected from the group of pitch and yaw of a person's head wherein pitch represents a rotation about a first axis representing up and down movement of the person's face when the rear of the person's head moves in the opposite direction and yaw represents horizontal movement of the face when looked at from the front about a second axis substantially aligned with the spine and perpendicular to the first axis; and
an electronic circuit wherein:
the electronic circuit comprises a central processing unit, and a memory unit;
the electronic circuit is responsive to the eye information received from the eye sensor; and
the electronic circuit is responsive to the head movement information received from the head orientation sensor. 2. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:
the faceguard is configured for attachment to a helmet wherein the helmet is configured for being worn by a human. 3. The faceguard of claim 2 wherein:
the interface between the faceguard and the helmet is adjustable. 4. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:
the faceguard is configured for measuring a human health condition selected from the group of:
concussion;
traumatic brain injury;
neurologic status;
cognition;
alertness;
fatigue;
impairment due to drugs;
impairment due to alcohol; and
vision impairment. 5. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:
the eye sensor is below the inferior margin of the upper eyelid. 6. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:
measuring an eye muscle movement response further comprises a machine learning classifier configured for:
identifying a pattern in response to an input image frame from the video camera; and
comparing the pattern to a target pattern set. 7. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:
the faceguard further comprises an impact sensor and an alarm wherein the alarm is responsive to the impact sensor when an impact threshold has been reached. 8. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:
the electronic circuit is responsive to a sensor fusion algorithm. 9. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:
the electronic circuit further comprises a communication unit; and
the communication unit is configured for wireless transmission of information selected from the group of:
the eye information;
the head movement information; and
the measured eye muscle movement response. 10. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:
the electronic circuit is configured for generating an alarm signal in response to information selected from the group of:
the eye information;
the head movement information; and
the measured eye muscle movement response. 11. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:
the faceguard is configured for measuring and correcting slippage offsets between the faceguard and a helmet. 12. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:
the faceguard further comprises a forward-facing camera configured for recording video images at a minimum of 24 frames per second. 13. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:
the eye sensor video camera is configured for receiving images at a minimum of 90 frames per second. 14. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:
the faceguard further comprises a forward-pointing visual cue projector. 15. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:
the head orientation sensor comprises a micro-electro-mechanical system integrated circuit comprising a module selected from the group consisting of an accelerometer, a magnetometer, and a gyroscope. 16. A human ocular performance measuring system wherein:
the system is configured for measuring an eye muscle movement response; the system comprises:
an eye sensor wherein:
the eye sensor is affixed to a faceguard wherein the faceguard comprises:
a structural member configured for protecting at least one part of a human face; and
at least one aperture configured for human vision through the faceguard;
the eye sensor comprises a video camera; and
the eye sensor senses eye movement information selected from the group of:
horizontal eye movement;
vertical eye movement;
pupillometry; and
eyelid movement;
a head orientation sensor wherein:
the head orientation sensor is affixed to the faceguard;
the head orientation sensor senses a head movement selected from the group of pitch and yaw of a person's head wherein pitch represents a rotation about a first axis representing up and down movement of the person's face when the rear of the person's head moves in the opposite direction and yaw represents horizontal movement of the face when looked at from the front about a second axis substantially aligned with the spine and perpendicular to the first axis; and
an electronic circuit wherein:
the electronic circuit comprises a central processing unit, and a memory unit;
the electronic circuit is responsive to the eye movement information received from the eye sensor; and
the electronic circuit is responsive to head movement information received from the head orientation sensor. 17. The system of claim 16 wherein:
the system is responsive to a human generated input signal selected from the group of:
an auditory human input signal;
a haptic human input signal. 18. The system of claim 16 wherein: [see paragraphs 171-173]
the system is further configured to measure an eye parameter selected from the group of:
bright and dark pupil measurements
purkinje measurements. 19. The system of claim 16 wherein:
the system further comprises a module configured for providing a visual cue that is visible to the human face. 20. A method for measuring human ocular performance comprising the steps of:
establishing a faceguard that comprises:
a structural member configured for protecting at least one part of a human face, and at least one aperture configured for allowing human vision through the faceguard;
an eye sensor comprising a video camera configured for sensing eye movement information selected from the group of:
horizontal eye movement;
vertical eye movement;
pupillometry; and
eyelid movement;
a head orientation sensor configured for sensing a head movement selected from the group of pitch and yaw of a person's head wherein pitch represents a rotation about a first axis representing up and down movement of the person's face when the rear of the person's head moves in the opposite direction and yaw represents horizontal movement of the face when looked at from the front about a second axis substantially aligned with the spine and perpendicular to the first axis; and
using an electronic circuit to:
receive eye movement information from the eye sensor;
receive head movement information from the head orientation sensor. | A faceguard is configured for measuring a human eye muscle movement response. The faceguard is configured for protecting at least one part of a human face and has an aperture for human vision through the faceguard. The faceguard comprises an eye sensor, a head orientation sensor, and an electronic circuit. The eye sensor comprises a video camera and is configured for measuring eyeball movement, pupil size, and/or eyelid movement. The head orientation sensor senses pitch and/or yaw of a person's head. The electronic circuit is responsive to the eye sensor and the head orientation sensor.1. A faceguard wherein:
the faceguard is configured for measuring an eye muscle movement response; the faceguard comprises:
a structural member configured for protecting at least one part of a human face;
at least one aperture configured for human vision through the faceguard;
an eye sensor wherein:
the eye sensor comprises a video camera; and
the eye sensor senses eye information selected from the group of:
eyeball movement;
pupil size; and
eyelid movement;
a head orientation sensor wherein:
the head orientation sensor senses a head movement selected from the group of pitch and yaw of a person's head wherein pitch represents a rotation about a first axis representing up and down movement of the person's face when the rear of the person's head moves in the opposite direction and yaw represents horizontal movement of the face when looked at from the front about a second axis substantially aligned with the spine and perpendicular to the first axis; and
an electronic circuit wherein:
the electronic circuit comprises a central processing unit, and a memory unit;
the electronic circuit is responsive to the eye information received from the eye sensor; and
the electronic circuit is responsive to the head movement information received from the head orientation sensor. 2. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:
the faceguard is configured for attachment to a helmet wherein the helmet is configured for being worn by a human. 3. The faceguard of claim 2 wherein:
the interface between the faceguard and the helmet is adjustable. 4. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:
the faceguard is configured for measuring a human health condition selected from the group of:
concussion;
traumatic brain injury;
neurologic status;
cognition;
alertness;
fatigue;
impairment due to drugs;
impairment due to alcohol; and
vision impairment. 5. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:
the eye sensor is below the inferior margin of the upper eyelid. 6. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:
measuring an eye muscle movement response further comprises a machine learning classifier configured for:
identifying a pattern in response to an input image frame from the video camera; and
comparing the pattern to a target pattern set. 7. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:
the faceguard further comprises an impact sensor and an alarm wherein the alarm is responsive to the impact sensor when an impact threshold has been reached. 8. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:
the electronic circuit is responsive to a sensor fusion algorithm. 9. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:
the electronic circuit further comprises a communication unit; and
the communication unit is configured for wireless transmission of information selected from the group of:
the eye information;
the head movement information; and
the measured eye muscle movement response. 10. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:
the electronic circuit is configured for generating an alarm signal in response to information selected from the group of:
the eye information;
the head movement information; and
the measured eye muscle movement response. 11. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:
the faceguard is configured for measuring and correcting slippage offsets between the faceguard and a helmet. 12. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:
the faceguard further comprises a forward-facing camera configured for recording video images at a minimum of 24 frames per second. 13. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:
the eye sensor video camera is configured for receiving images at a minimum of 90 frames per second. 14. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:
the faceguard further comprises a forward-pointing visual cue projector. 15. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:
the head orientation sensor comprises a micro-electro-mechanical system integrated circuit comprising a module selected from the group consisting of an accelerometer, a magnetometer, and a gyroscope. 16. A human ocular performance measuring system wherein:
the system is configured for measuring an eye muscle movement response; the system comprises:
an eye sensor wherein:
the eye sensor is affixed to a faceguard wherein the faceguard comprises:
a structural member configured for protecting at least one part of a human face; and
at least one aperture configured for human vision through the faceguard;
the eye sensor comprises a video camera; and
the eye sensor senses eye movement information selected from the group of:
horizontal eye movement;
vertical eye movement;
pupillometry; and
eyelid movement;
a head orientation sensor wherein:
the head orientation sensor is affixed to the faceguard;
the head orientation sensor senses a head movement selected from the group of pitch and yaw of a person's head wherein pitch represents a rotation about a first axis representing up and down movement of the person's face when the rear of the person's head moves in the opposite direction and yaw represents horizontal movement of the face when looked at from the front about a second axis substantially aligned with the spine and perpendicular to the first axis; and
an electronic circuit wherein:
the electronic circuit comprises a central processing unit, and a memory unit;
the electronic circuit is responsive to the eye movement information received from the eye sensor; and
the electronic circuit is responsive to head movement information received from the head orientation sensor. 17. The system of claim 16 wherein:
the system is responsive to a human generated input signal selected from the group of:
an auditory human input signal;
a haptic human input signal. 18. The system of claim 16 wherein: [see paragraphs 171-173]
the system is further configured to measure an eye parameter selected from the group of:
bright and dark pupil measurements
purkinje measurements. 19. The system of claim 16 wherein:
the system further comprises a module configured for providing a visual cue that is visible to the human face. 20. A method for measuring human ocular performance comprising the steps of:
establishing a faceguard that comprises:
a structural member configured for protecting at least one part of a human face, and at least one aperture configured for allowing human vision through the faceguard;
an eye sensor comprising a video camera configured for sensing eye movement information selected from the group of:
horizontal eye movement;
vertical eye movement;
pupillometry; and
eyelid movement;
a head orientation sensor configured for sensing a head movement selected from the group of pitch and yaw of a person's head wherein pitch represents a rotation about a first axis representing up and down movement of the person's face when the rear of the person's head moves in the opposite direction and yaw represents horizontal movement of the face when looked at from the front about a second axis substantially aligned with the spine and perpendicular to the first axis; and
using an electronic circuit to:
receive eye movement information from the eye sensor;
receive head movement information from the head orientation sensor. | 2,800 |
346,785 | 16,805,162 | 2,872 | Implementations of this disclosure provide blockchain-based virtual resource allocation. An example method performed by a node device of a blockchain network that operates as an intellectual property management platform includes receiving a target transaction comprising (i) a first quantity of virtual resources for obtaining intellectual property rights for a target object, (ii) an identifier of the target object, and (iii) an identifier of the intellectual property rights, and invoking a smart contract to (i) allocate the first quantity of virtual resources to obtain intellectual property rights for the target object, and (ii) allocate a second quantity of virtual resources to a beneficiary of the intellectual property rights for the target object. | 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving, by a node device of a blockchain network that operates as an intellectual property management platform, and from a client device, a target transaction, wherein the target transaction comprises (i) a first quantity of virtual resources for obtaining intellectual property rights for a target object, (ii) an identifier of the target object, and (iii) an identifier of the intellectual property rights; and invoking, by the node device of the blockchain network, a smart contract that executes logic declared in the smart contract to (i) allocate the first quantity of virtual resources to obtain intellectual property rights for the target object, and (ii) allocate a second quantity of virtual resources to a beneficiary of the intellectual property rights for the target object, the second quantity of virtual resources being less than or equal to the first quantity of virtual resources for obtaining intellectual property rights for the target object. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the intellectual property rights comprise one or more of an access right, an access authorization right, a use right, a use authorization right, a transfer right, and a transfer authorization right. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the virtual resources comprise a digital asset circulated on the blockchain network, or a digital token corresponding to an off-chain asset. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein
the blockchain network is a consortium blockchain network, and the node device is a consortium member node of the intellectual property management platform; the client device is communicatively connected to the node device; and the method further comprises sending, by the node device, the target transaction to a distributed database of the blockchain network. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein a distributed database of the blockchain network stores a target ledger transaction that proves that the beneficiary of the intellectual property rights for the target object benefits from an operational permission of the target object. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a target transfer transaction, wherein the target transfer transaction comprises a third quantity of virtual resources from the beneficiary of the intellectual property rights for the target object, wherein the third quantity of virtual resources are to be exchanged for other resources by the intellectual property management platform. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a target gain transaction, wherein the target gain transaction comprises a fourth quantity of virtual resources that are to be transferred to the beneficiary of the intellectual property rights for the target object based on a gain of the intellectual property rights for the target object; and invoking a second smart contract that executes logic declared in the second smart contract to allocate a fifth quantity of virtual resources to the beneficiary of the intellectual property rights of the target object based on the gain of the intellectual property rights, the fifth quantity of virtual resources being less than or equal to the fourth quantity of virtual resources. 8. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by a node device of a blockchain network that operates as an intellectual property management platform, and from a client device, a target transaction, wherein the target transaction comprises (i) a first quantity of virtual resources for obtaining intellectual property rights for a target object, (ii) an identifier of the target object, and (iii) an identifier of the intellectual property rights; and invoking, by the node device of the blockchain network, a smart contract that executes logic declared in the smart contract to (i) allocate the first quantity of virtual resources to obtain intellectual property rights for the target object, and (ii) allocate a second quantity of virtual resources to a beneficiary of the intellectual property rights for the target object, the second quantity of virtual resources being less than or equal to the first quantity of virtual resources for obtaining intellectual property rights for the target object. 9. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the virtual resources comprise a digital asset circulated on the blockchain network, or a digital token corresponding to an off-chain asset. 10. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein
the blockchain network is a consortium blockchain network, and the node device is a consortium member node of the intellectual property management platform; the client device is communicatively connected to the node device; and the method further comprises sending, by the node device, the target transaction to a distributed database of the blockchain network. 11. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein a distributed database of the blockchain network stores a target ledger transaction that proves that the beneficiary of the intellectual property rights for the target object benefits from an operational permission of the target object. 12. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, the operations further comprising:
receiving a target transfer transaction, wherein the target transfer transaction comprises a third quantity of virtual resources from the beneficiary of the intellectual property rights for the target object, wherein the third quantity of virtual resources are to be exchanged for other resources by the intellectual property management platform. 13. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, the operations further comprising:
receiving a target gain transaction, wherein the target gain transaction comprises a fourth quantity of virtual resources that are to be transferred to the beneficiary of the intellectual property rights for the target object based on a gain of the intellectual property rights for the target object; and invoking a second smart contract that executes logic declared in the second smart contract to allocate a fifth quantity of virtual resources to the beneficiary of the intellectual property rights of the target object based on the gain of the intellectual property rights, the fifth quantity of virtual resources being less than or equal to the fourth quantity of virtual resources. 14. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising: receiving, by a node device of a blockchain network that operates as an intellectual property management platform, and from a client device, a target transaction, wherein the target transaction comprises (i) a first quantity of virtual resources for obtaining intellectual property rights for a target object, (ii) an identifier of the target object, and (iii) an identifier of the intellectual property rights; and invoking, by the node device of the blockchain network, a smart contract that executes logic declared in the smart contract to (i) allocate the first quantity of virtual resources to obtain intellectual property rights for the target object, and (ii) allocate a second quantity of virtual resources to a beneficiary of the intellectual property rights for the target object, the second quantity of virtual resources being less than or equal to the first quantity of virtual resources for obtaining intellectual property rights for the target object. 15. The computer-implemented system of claim 14, wherein the virtual resources comprise a digital asset circulated on the blockchain network, or a digital token corresponding to an off-chain asset. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 14, wherein
the blockchain network is a consortium blockchain network, and the node device is a consortium member node of the intellectual property management platform; the client device is communicatively connected to the node device; and the method further comprises sending, by the node device, the target transaction to a distributed database of the blockchain network. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 14, wherein a distributed database of the blockchain network stores a target ledger transaction that proves that the beneficiary of the intellectual property rights for the target object benefits from an operational permission of the target object. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 14, the operations further comprising:
receiving a target transfer transaction, wherein the target transfer transaction comprises a third quantity of virtual resources from the beneficiary of the intellectual property rights for the target object, wherein the third quantity of virtual resources are to be exchanged for other resources by the intellectual property management platform. 19. The computer-implemented system of claim 14, the operations further comprising:
receiving a target gain transaction, wherein the target gain transaction comprises a fourth quantity of virtual resources that are to be transferred to the beneficiary of the intellectual property rights for the target object based on a gain of the intellectual property rights for the target object; and invoking a second smart contract that executes logic declared in the second smart contract to allocate a fifth quantity of virtual resources to the beneficiary of the intellectual property rights of the target object based on the gain of the intellectual property rights, the fifth quantity of virtual resources being less than or equal to the fourth quantity of virtual resources. | Implementations of this disclosure provide blockchain-based virtual resource allocation. An example method performed by a node device of a blockchain network that operates as an intellectual property management platform includes receiving a target transaction comprising (i) a first quantity of virtual resources for obtaining intellectual property rights for a target object, (ii) an identifier of the target object, and (iii) an identifier of the intellectual property rights, and invoking a smart contract to (i) allocate the first quantity of virtual resources to obtain intellectual property rights for the target object, and (ii) allocate a second quantity of virtual resources to a beneficiary of the intellectual property rights for the target object.1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving, by a node device of a blockchain network that operates as an intellectual property management platform, and from a client device, a target transaction, wherein the target transaction comprises (i) a first quantity of virtual resources for obtaining intellectual property rights for a target object, (ii) an identifier of the target object, and (iii) an identifier of the intellectual property rights; and invoking, by the node device of the blockchain network, a smart contract that executes logic declared in the smart contract to (i) allocate the first quantity of virtual resources to obtain intellectual property rights for the target object, and (ii) allocate a second quantity of virtual resources to a beneficiary of the intellectual property rights for the target object, the second quantity of virtual resources being less than or equal to the first quantity of virtual resources for obtaining intellectual property rights for the target object. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the intellectual property rights comprise one or more of an access right, an access authorization right, a use right, a use authorization right, a transfer right, and a transfer authorization right. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the virtual resources comprise a digital asset circulated on the blockchain network, or a digital token corresponding to an off-chain asset. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein
the blockchain network is a consortium blockchain network, and the node device is a consortium member node of the intellectual property management platform; the client device is communicatively connected to the node device; and the method further comprises sending, by the node device, the target transaction to a distributed database of the blockchain network. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein a distributed database of the blockchain network stores a target ledger transaction that proves that the beneficiary of the intellectual property rights for the target object benefits from an operational permission of the target object. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a target transfer transaction, wherein the target transfer transaction comprises a third quantity of virtual resources from the beneficiary of the intellectual property rights for the target object, wherein the third quantity of virtual resources are to be exchanged for other resources by the intellectual property management platform. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a target gain transaction, wherein the target gain transaction comprises a fourth quantity of virtual resources that are to be transferred to the beneficiary of the intellectual property rights for the target object based on a gain of the intellectual property rights for the target object; and invoking a second smart contract that executes logic declared in the second smart contract to allocate a fifth quantity of virtual resources to the beneficiary of the intellectual property rights of the target object based on the gain of the intellectual property rights, the fifth quantity of virtual resources being less than or equal to the fourth quantity of virtual resources. 8. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by a node device of a blockchain network that operates as an intellectual property management platform, and from a client device, a target transaction, wherein the target transaction comprises (i) a first quantity of virtual resources for obtaining intellectual property rights for a target object, (ii) an identifier of the target object, and (iii) an identifier of the intellectual property rights; and invoking, by the node device of the blockchain network, a smart contract that executes logic declared in the smart contract to (i) allocate the first quantity of virtual resources to obtain intellectual property rights for the target object, and (ii) allocate a second quantity of virtual resources to a beneficiary of the intellectual property rights for the target object, the second quantity of virtual resources being less than or equal to the first quantity of virtual resources for obtaining intellectual property rights for the target object. 9. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the virtual resources comprise a digital asset circulated on the blockchain network, or a digital token corresponding to an off-chain asset. 10. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein
the blockchain network is a consortium blockchain network, and the node device is a consortium member node of the intellectual property management platform; the client device is communicatively connected to the node device; and the method further comprises sending, by the node device, the target transaction to a distributed database of the blockchain network. 11. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein a distributed database of the blockchain network stores a target ledger transaction that proves that the beneficiary of the intellectual property rights for the target object benefits from an operational permission of the target object. 12. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, the operations further comprising:
receiving a target transfer transaction, wherein the target transfer transaction comprises a third quantity of virtual resources from the beneficiary of the intellectual property rights for the target object, wherein the third quantity of virtual resources are to be exchanged for other resources by the intellectual property management platform. 13. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, the operations further comprising:
receiving a target gain transaction, wherein the target gain transaction comprises a fourth quantity of virtual resources that are to be transferred to the beneficiary of the intellectual property rights for the target object based on a gain of the intellectual property rights for the target object; and invoking a second smart contract that executes logic declared in the second smart contract to allocate a fifth quantity of virtual resources to the beneficiary of the intellectual property rights of the target object based on the gain of the intellectual property rights, the fifth quantity of virtual resources being less than or equal to the fourth quantity of virtual resources. 14. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising: receiving, by a node device of a blockchain network that operates as an intellectual property management platform, and from a client device, a target transaction, wherein the target transaction comprises (i) a first quantity of virtual resources for obtaining intellectual property rights for a target object, (ii) an identifier of the target object, and (iii) an identifier of the intellectual property rights; and invoking, by the node device of the blockchain network, a smart contract that executes logic declared in the smart contract to (i) allocate the first quantity of virtual resources to obtain intellectual property rights for the target object, and (ii) allocate a second quantity of virtual resources to a beneficiary of the intellectual property rights for the target object, the second quantity of virtual resources being less than or equal to the first quantity of virtual resources for obtaining intellectual property rights for the target object. 15. The computer-implemented system of claim 14, wherein the virtual resources comprise a digital asset circulated on the blockchain network, or a digital token corresponding to an off-chain asset. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 14, wherein
the blockchain network is a consortium blockchain network, and the node device is a consortium member node of the intellectual property management platform; the client device is communicatively connected to the node device; and the method further comprises sending, by the node device, the target transaction to a distributed database of the blockchain network. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 14, wherein a distributed database of the blockchain network stores a target ledger transaction that proves that the beneficiary of the intellectual property rights for the target object benefits from an operational permission of the target object. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 14, the operations further comprising:
receiving a target transfer transaction, wherein the target transfer transaction comprises a third quantity of virtual resources from the beneficiary of the intellectual property rights for the target object, wherein the third quantity of virtual resources are to be exchanged for other resources by the intellectual property management platform. 19. The computer-implemented system of claim 14, the operations further comprising:
receiving a target gain transaction, wherein the target gain transaction comprises a fourth quantity of virtual resources that are to be transferred to the beneficiary of the intellectual property rights for the target object based on a gain of the intellectual property rights for the target object; and invoking a second smart contract that executes logic declared in the second smart contract to allocate a fifth quantity of virtual resources to the beneficiary of the intellectual property rights of the target object based on the gain of the intellectual property rights, the fifth quantity of virtual resources being less than or equal to the fourth quantity of virtual resources. | 2,800 |
346,786 | 16,805,254 | 2,872 | The heat sink with condensing fins and phase change material is formed from a thermally conductive housing, an internal chamber, and a body of liquid phase change material. The thermally conductive housing has a first wall and an opposed second wall and forms an internal chamber. The first wall of the thermally conductive housing is adapted to be in direct contact with one or more heat sources. The body of liquid phase change material is disposed within the internal chamber. The second wall of the thermally conductive housing is adapted to form a plurality of condensing fins. The plurality of condensing fins may contain at least one high thermal conductivity rod. In some embodiments, a high thermal conductivity medium, such as gallium, is disposed within the internal chamber in direct contact with the first wall of the thermally conductive housing. | 1. A heat sink with condensing fins and phase change material, comprising:
a thermally conductive housing, the thermally conductive housing forming an internal chamber, the thermally conductive housing having a first wall and an opposed second wall; at least one heat source in contact with the first wall of the thermally conductive housing; a thermal conductivity medium disposed within the internal chamber and in direct contact with the first wall of the thermally conductive housing; a body of liquid phase change material disposed within the internal chamber and in direct contact with the thermal conductivity medium; the second wall of the thermally conductive housing being adapted to form a plurality of condensing fins. 2. The heat sink with condensing fins and phase change material according to claim 1, further comprising an encapsulated phase change material disposed within the thermal conductivity medium, wherein the encapsulated phase change material is encapsulated in a material capable of expansion and contraction. 3. The heat sink with condensing fins and phase change material according to claim 1, further comprising a thermally conductive component disposed within a portion of the internal chamber. 4. The heat sink with condensing fins and phase change material according to claim 3, wherein the thermally conductive component is selected from the group consisting of a thermally conductive foam, a thermally conductive matrix, a thermally conductive grid, and a thermally conductive mesh. 5. The heat sink with condensing fins and phase change material according to claim 1, further comprising:
at least one thermal conductivity rod having a first end and an opposed second end, the first end of each of the at least one thermal conductivity rods being disposed in the thermal conductivity medium and the second end of each of the at least one thermal conductivity rods extending into one of the plurality of condensing fins, wherein each of the plurality of condensing fins contains at least one of the at least one thermal conductivity rods; and a plurality of side beams, each of the plurality of side beams having a first end and an opposed second end, the first end of each of the plurality of side beams being attached to the at least one thermal conductivity rod and the second end of each of the plurality of side beams being attached to the second wall of the thermally conductive housing. 6-11. (canceled) 12. The heat sink with condensing fins and phase change material according to claim 5, wherein the first end of at least one of the at least one thermal conductivity rods extends through the thermally conductive housing and is in direct contact with the at least one heat source. 13. The heat sink with condensing fins and phase change material according to claim 12, wherein the second end of at least one of the at least one thermal conductivity rods extends through the second wall of the thermally conductive housing 14. A heat sink with condensing fins and phase change material, comprising:
a thermally conductive housing, the thermally conductive housing forming an internal chamber, the thermally conductive housing having a first wall and an opposed second wall; at least one heat source in contact with the first wall of the thermally conductive housing; a thermal conductivity medium disposed within the internal chamber and in direct contact with the first wall of the thermally conductive housing; a body of liquid phase change material disposed within the internal chamber and between the thermal conductivity medium and the second wall of the thermally conductive housing; and a partition wall disposed between the thermal conductivity medium and the body of liquid phase change material; wherein the second wall of the thermally conductive housing is angled towards the heat source and adapted to form at least two condensing fins. 15. The heat sink with condensing fins and phase change material according to claim 14, further comprising an encapsulated phase change material disposed within the thermal conductivity medium. 16. The heat sink with condensing fins and phase change material according to claim 14, further comprising:
at least one thermal conductivity rod having a first end and an opposed second end, the first end of each of the at least one thermal conductivity rods extending into one of the at least two condensing fins and the second end of each of the at least one thermal conductivity rods extending into another of the at least two condensing fins; and a plurality of side beams, the plurality of side beams each having a first end and an opposed second end, the first end of each of the plurality of side beams being affixed to the at least one thermal conductivity rod and the second end of each of the plurality of side beams being disposed in direct contact with the portion of the thermally conductive housing forming the at least two condensing fins. 17. The heat sink with condensing fins and phase change material according to claim 16, further comprising:
an insulating material lining a portion of an outer surface of the at least one thermal conductivity rod, the portion of the outer surface of the at least one thermal conductivity rod being outside the thermal conductivity medium and outside the body of liquid phase change material; and an insulating material lining a portion of an outer surface of the plurality of side beams. 18. A heat sink with condensing fins and phase change material, comprising:
a thermally conductive housing, the thermally conductive housing forming at least one internal chamber, the thermally conductive housing having a first wall and an opposed second wall, and the opposed second wall is adapted to form a plurality of condensing fins; at least one heat source in contact with the first wall of the thermally conductive housing; a body of liquid phase change material disposed within the at least one internal chamber; at least one thermal conductivity rod having a first end and an opposed second end, the second end of each of the at least one thermal conductivity rods extending into one of the plurality of condensing fins; a plurality of side beams, the plurality of side beams each having a first end and an opposed second end, the first end of each of the plurality of side beams being affixed to the at least one thermal conductivity rod and the second end of each of the plurality of side beams being disposed in direct contact with the portion of the thermally conductive housing forming the at least two condensing fins; a thermal conductivity medium disposed within the internal chamber and in direct contact with the first wall of the thermally conductive housing; and a partition wall disposed between the thermal conductivity medium and the body of liquid phase change material; wherein the first end of each of the at least one thermal conductivity rods is disposed in the thermal conductivity medium. 19-20. (canceled) | The heat sink with condensing fins and phase change material is formed from a thermally conductive housing, an internal chamber, and a body of liquid phase change material. The thermally conductive housing has a first wall and an opposed second wall and forms an internal chamber. The first wall of the thermally conductive housing is adapted to be in direct contact with one or more heat sources. The body of liquid phase change material is disposed within the internal chamber. The second wall of the thermally conductive housing is adapted to form a plurality of condensing fins. The plurality of condensing fins may contain at least one high thermal conductivity rod. In some embodiments, a high thermal conductivity medium, such as gallium, is disposed within the internal chamber in direct contact with the first wall of the thermally conductive housing.1. A heat sink with condensing fins and phase change material, comprising:
a thermally conductive housing, the thermally conductive housing forming an internal chamber, the thermally conductive housing having a first wall and an opposed second wall; at least one heat source in contact with the first wall of the thermally conductive housing; a thermal conductivity medium disposed within the internal chamber and in direct contact with the first wall of the thermally conductive housing; a body of liquid phase change material disposed within the internal chamber and in direct contact with the thermal conductivity medium; the second wall of the thermally conductive housing being adapted to form a plurality of condensing fins. 2. The heat sink with condensing fins and phase change material according to claim 1, further comprising an encapsulated phase change material disposed within the thermal conductivity medium, wherein the encapsulated phase change material is encapsulated in a material capable of expansion and contraction. 3. The heat sink with condensing fins and phase change material according to claim 1, further comprising a thermally conductive component disposed within a portion of the internal chamber. 4. The heat sink with condensing fins and phase change material according to claim 3, wherein the thermally conductive component is selected from the group consisting of a thermally conductive foam, a thermally conductive matrix, a thermally conductive grid, and a thermally conductive mesh. 5. The heat sink with condensing fins and phase change material according to claim 1, further comprising:
at least one thermal conductivity rod having a first end and an opposed second end, the first end of each of the at least one thermal conductivity rods being disposed in the thermal conductivity medium and the second end of each of the at least one thermal conductivity rods extending into one of the plurality of condensing fins, wherein each of the plurality of condensing fins contains at least one of the at least one thermal conductivity rods; and a plurality of side beams, each of the plurality of side beams having a first end and an opposed second end, the first end of each of the plurality of side beams being attached to the at least one thermal conductivity rod and the second end of each of the plurality of side beams being attached to the second wall of the thermally conductive housing. 6-11. (canceled) 12. The heat sink with condensing fins and phase change material according to claim 5, wherein the first end of at least one of the at least one thermal conductivity rods extends through the thermally conductive housing and is in direct contact with the at least one heat source. 13. The heat sink with condensing fins and phase change material according to claim 12, wherein the second end of at least one of the at least one thermal conductivity rods extends through the second wall of the thermally conductive housing 14. A heat sink with condensing fins and phase change material, comprising:
a thermally conductive housing, the thermally conductive housing forming an internal chamber, the thermally conductive housing having a first wall and an opposed second wall; at least one heat source in contact with the first wall of the thermally conductive housing; a thermal conductivity medium disposed within the internal chamber and in direct contact with the first wall of the thermally conductive housing; a body of liquid phase change material disposed within the internal chamber and between the thermal conductivity medium and the second wall of the thermally conductive housing; and a partition wall disposed between the thermal conductivity medium and the body of liquid phase change material; wherein the second wall of the thermally conductive housing is angled towards the heat source and adapted to form at least two condensing fins. 15. The heat sink with condensing fins and phase change material according to claim 14, further comprising an encapsulated phase change material disposed within the thermal conductivity medium. 16. The heat sink with condensing fins and phase change material according to claim 14, further comprising:
at least one thermal conductivity rod having a first end and an opposed second end, the first end of each of the at least one thermal conductivity rods extending into one of the at least two condensing fins and the second end of each of the at least one thermal conductivity rods extending into another of the at least two condensing fins; and a plurality of side beams, the plurality of side beams each having a first end and an opposed second end, the first end of each of the plurality of side beams being affixed to the at least one thermal conductivity rod and the second end of each of the plurality of side beams being disposed in direct contact with the portion of the thermally conductive housing forming the at least two condensing fins. 17. The heat sink with condensing fins and phase change material according to claim 16, further comprising:
an insulating material lining a portion of an outer surface of the at least one thermal conductivity rod, the portion of the outer surface of the at least one thermal conductivity rod being outside the thermal conductivity medium and outside the body of liquid phase change material; and an insulating material lining a portion of an outer surface of the plurality of side beams. 18. A heat sink with condensing fins and phase change material, comprising:
a thermally conductive housing, the thermally conductive housing forming at least one internal chamber, the thermally conductive housing having a first wall and an opposed second wall, and the opposed second wall is adapted to form a plurality of condensing fins; at least one heat source in contact with the first wall of the thermally conductive housing; a body of liquid phase change material disposed within the at least one internal chamber; at least one thermal conductivity rod having a first end and an opposed second end, the second end of each of the at least one thermal conductivity rods extending into one of the plurality of condensing fins; a plurality of side beams, the plurality of side beams each having a first end and an opposed second end, the first end of each of the plurality of side beams being affixed to the at least one thermal conductivity rod and the second end of each of the plurality of side beams being disposed in direct contact with the portion of the thermally conductive housing forming the at least two condensing fins; a thermal conductivity medium disposed within the internal chamber and in direct contact with the first wall of the thermally conductive housing; and a partition wall disposed between the thermal conductivity medium and the body of liquid phase change material; wherein the first end of each of the at least one thermal conductivity rods is disposed in the thermal conductivity medium. 19-20. (canceled) | 2,800 |
346,787 | 16,805,221 | 2,872 | Ease of exchange of a UFP collecting filter provided opposed to a sheet feeding path between transfer and fixing is improved. Therefore, a duct unit 50 kept in a state of holding the UFP collecting filter is removably and easily mounted to a duct 51. | 1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
an image forming portion for forming a toner image on a sheet in a first position by using toner containing a parting agent; a fixing portion for thermally fixing the toner image, in a second position, formed on the sheet by said image forming portion; a duct, including a suction port provided opposed to a sheet feeding path between the first position and the second position, for discharging air to an outside of said image forming apparatus; a filter, provided in the suction port of said duct, for collecting particles of a predetermined particle size resulting from the release agent; a holder holding said filter; and an engaging portion for removably engaging, with said duct, said holder holding said filter. 2. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said engaging portion includes a hooking portion and a hooked portion for hook engagement between said holder and said duct. 3. An image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said hooking portion is provided on said holder. 4. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a guiding portion for guiding a back surface of the sheet from the first position to the second position,
wherein said suction port is in an opposing positional relationship with said guiding portion through the sheet feeding path. 5. An image forming apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the second position is above the first position with respect to a direction of gravitation. 6. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second position is above the first position with respect to a direction of gravitation. 7. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said engaging portion compresses said filter in a predetermined amount between said holder and said duct. 8. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the parting agent is a wax, and the predetermined particle size is 5.6 nm or more and 560 nm or less. 9. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a fan for forming an air flow in said duct. | Ease of exchange of a UFP collecting filter provided opposed to a sheet feeding path between transfer and fixing is improved. Therefore, a duct unit 50 kept in a state of holding the UFP collecting filter is removably and easily mounted to a duct 51.1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
an image forming portion for forming a toner image on a sheet in a first position by using toner containing a parting agent; a fixing portion for thermally fixing the toner image, in a second position, formed on the sheet by said image forming portion; a duct, including a suction port provided opposed to a sheet feeding path between the first position and the second position, for discharging air to an outside of said image forming apparatus; a filter, provided in the suction port of said duct, for collecting particles of a predetermined particle size resulting from the release agent; a holder holding said filter; and an engaging portion for removably engaging, with said duct, said holder holding said filter. 2. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said engaging portion includes a hooking portion and a hooked portion for hook engagement between said holder and said duct. 3. An image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said hooking portion is provided on said holder. 4. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a guiding portion for guiding a back surface of the sheet from the first position to the second position,
wherein said suction port is in an opposing positional relationship with said guiding portion through the sheet feeding path. 5. An image forming apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the second position is above the first position with respect to a direction of gravitation. 6. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second position is above the first position with respect to a direction of gravitation. 7. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said engaging portion compresses said filter in a predetermined amount between said holder and said duct. 8. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the parting agent is a wax, and the predetermined particle size is 5.6 nm or more and 560 nm or less. 9. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a fan for forming an air flow in said duct. | 2,800 |
346,788 | 16,805,231 | 2,872 | A video decoding method according to this document includes deriving a first candidate intra prediction mode based on a first neighboring block located on a left side of a current block, deriving a second candidate intra prediction mode based on a second neighboring block located on an upper side of the current block, constructing a most probable mode (MPM) list for the current block based on the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode, deriving an intra prediction mode for the current block based on the MPM list, generating predicted samples by performing prediction for the current block based on the intra prediction mode, and generating a reconstructed picture for the current block based on the predicted samples. | 1-12. (canceled) 13. A video decoding method performed by a decoding apparatus, the method comprising:
deriving a first candidate intra prediction mode based on a first neighboring block which is located in a left side of a current block; deriving a second candidate intra prediction mode based on a second neighboring block which is located in an upper side of the current block; constructing candidate mode list for the current block based on the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode; deriving an intra prediction mode for the current block based on the candidate mode list; generating predicted samples by performing prediction for the current block based on the intra prediction mode; and generating a reconstructed picture for the current block based on the predicted samples, wherein the step of constructing the candidate mode list includes deriving candidate modes including at least one of the first candidate intra prediction mode or the second candidate intra prediction mode, and wherein at least one candidate of the candidate modes is derived by applying a 64 modular arithmetic operation to the first candidate intra prediction mode or the second candidate intra prediction mode. 14. The video decoding method of claim 13, wherein an intra prediction mode of one candidate of the candidate modes is calculated a first value by adding 61, 60, 0, or −1 to a greater mode index among a mode index of the first candidate intra prediction mode and a mode index of the second candidate intra prediction mode, and is calculated a second value by applying the 64 modular arithmetic operation to the first value, and is derived based on a result calculated by adding 2 to the second value. 15. The video decoding method of claim 13, wherein the step of constructing the candidate mode list includes deriving the candidate modes by determining whether the first candidate intra prediction mode is greater than a mode index of DC intra prediction mode, when the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode are the same intra prediction mode, and
wherein when the first candidate intra prediction mode is greater than the mode index of the DC intra prediction mode, the candidate modes comprise: an intra prediction mode derived based on a result calculated by applying the 64 modular arithmetic operation to (a mode index of the first candidate intra prediction mode+61) and adding 2, an intra prediction mode derived based on a result calculated by applying the 64 modular arithmetic operation to (a mode index of the first candidate intra prediction mode−1) and adding 2, and an intra prediction mode derived based on a result calculated by applying the 64 modular arithmetic operation to (a mode index of the first candidate intra prediction mode+60) and adding 2. 16. The video decoding method of claim 13, wherein the step of constructing the candidate mode list includes deriving the candidate modes by determining whether one of the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode is greater than a mode index of DC intra prediction mode, when the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode are not the same intra prediction mode, and
wherein when one of the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode is greater than the mode index of the DC intra prediction mode, the candidate modes comprise: an intra prediction mode derived based on a result calculated by applying the 64 modular arithmetic operation to (a greater mode index among a mode index of the first candidate intra prediction mode and a mode index of the second candidate intra prediction mode+61) and adding 2, an intra prediction mode derived based on a result calculated by applying the 64 modular arithmetic operation to (a greater mode index among a mode index of the first candidate intra prediction mode and a mode index of the second candidate intra prediction mode−1) and adding 2, and an intra prediction mode derived based on a result calculated by applying the 64 modular arithmetic operation to (a greater mode index among a mode index of the first candidate intra prediction mode and a mode index of the second candidate intra prediction mode+60) and adding 2. 17. The video decoding method of claim 13, wherein the step of constructing the candidate mode list includes deriving the candidate modes by determining whether the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode are both greater than a mode index of DC intra prediction mode, when the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode are not the same intra prediction mode, and
wherein when the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode are both greater than the mode index of the DC intra prediction mode, the candidate modes comprise, based on a difference between a mode index of the first candidate intra prediction mode and a mode index of the second candidate intra prediction mode, an intra prediction mode derived based on a result calculated by applying the 64 modular arithmetic operation to (a greater mode index among a mode index of the first candidate intra prediction mode and a mode index of the second candidate intra prediction mode+61) and adding 2, or an intra prediction mode derived based on a result calculated by applying the 64 modular arithmetic operation to (a greater mode index among a mode index of the first candidate intra prediction mode and a mode index of the second candidate intra prediction mode−1) and adding 2. 18. The video decoding method of claim 17, wherein when the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode are both greater than the mode index of the DC intra prediction mode and a difference between a first mode index and a second mode index is 62,
the candidate modes comprise an intra prediction mode derived based on a result calculated by applying the 64 modular arithmetic operation to (the first mode index+61) and adding 2, and the first mode index is a greater mode index among the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode, and the second mode index is a smaller mode index among the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode. 19. The video decoding method of claim 17, wherein when the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode are both greater than the mode index of the DC intra prediction mode and a difference between a first mode index and a second mode index is 2,
the candidate modes comprise an intra prediction mode derived based on a result calculated by applying the 64 modular arithmetic operation to (the first mode index−1) and adding 2, and the first mode index is a greater mode index among the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode, and 20. The video decoding method of claim 13, wherein the first neighboring block is a left side neighboring block located on a downmost side among neighboring blocks neighboring a left boundary of the current block, and
wherein the second neighboring block is an upper side neighboring block located on a far right side among neighboring blocks neighboring an upper boundary of the current block. 21. The video decoding method of claim 13, wherein the step of deriving the first candidate intra prediction mode comprises:
deriving an intra prediction mode of the first neighboring block as the first candidate intra prediction mode when the first neighboring block is available and an intra prediction is applied to the first neighboring block, and deriving a planar intra prediction mode as the first candidate intra prediction mode when the first neighboring block is not available or the intra prediction is not applied to the first neighboring block. 22. The video decoding method of claim 13, wherein the step of deriving the second candidate intra prediction mode comprises:
deriving an intra prediction mode of the second neighboring block as the second candidate intra prediction mode when the second neighboring block is available, an intra prediction is applied to the second neighboring block, and the second neighboring block is included in a current CTU, and deriving a planar intra prediction mode as the second candidate intra prediction mode when the second neighboring block is not available or the intra prediction is not applied to the second neighboring block or the second neighboring block is not included in the current CTU. 23. A video encoding method performed by an encoding apparatus, the method comprising:
deriving a first candidate intra prediction mode based on a first neighboring block which is located in a left side of a current block; deriving a second candidate intra prediction mode based on a second neighboring block which is located in an upper side of the current block; constructing candidate mode list for the current block based on the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode; determining an intra prediction mode for the current block; generate prediction samples by performing a prediction for the current block based on the intra prediction mode; and encoding image information including intra prediction mode information for the current block, wherein the step of constructing the candidate mode list includes deriving candidate modes including at least one of the first candidate intra prediction mode or the second candidate intra prediction mode, and wherein at least one candidate of the candidate modes is derived by applying a 64 modular arithmetic operation to the first candidate intra prediction mode or the second candidate intra prediction mode. 24. The video encoding method of claim 23, wherein an intra prediction mode of one candidate of the candidate modes is calculated a first value by adding 61, 60, 0, or −1 to a greater mode index among a mode index of the first candidate intra prediction mode and a mode index of the second candidate intra prediction mode, and is calculated a second value by applying the 64 modular arithmetic operation to the first value, and is derived based on a result calculated by adding 2 to the second value. 25. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing encoded information causing a decoding apparatus to perform a video decoding method, the method comprising:
deriving a first candidate intra prediction mode based on a first neighboring block which is located in a left side of a current block; deriving a second candidate intra prediction mode based on a second neighboring block which is located in an upper side of the current block; constructing candidate mode list for the current block based on the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode; deriving an intra prediction mode for the current block based on the candidate mode list; generating predicted samples by performing prediction for the current block based on the intra prediction mode; and generating a reconstructed picture for the current block based on the predicted samples, wherein the step of constructing the candidate mode list includes deriving candidate modes including at least one of the first candidate intra prediction mode or the second candidate intra prediction mode, and wherein at least one candidate of the candidate modes is derived by applying a 64 modular arithmetic operation to the first candidate intra prediction mode or the second candidate intra prediction mode. | A video decoding method according to this document includes deriving a first candidate intra prediction mode based on a first neighboring block located on a left side of a current block, deriving a second candidate intra prediction mode based on a second neighboring block located on an upper side of the current block, constructing a most probable mode (MPM) list for the current block based on the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode, deriving an intra prediction mode for the current block based on the MPM list, generating predicted samples by performing prediction for the current block based on the intra prediction mode, and generating a reconstructed picture for the current block based on the predicted samples.1-12. (canceled) 13. A video decoding method performed by a decoding apparatus, the method comprising:
deriving a first candidate intra prediction mode based on a first neighboring block which is located in a left side of a current block; deriving a second candidate intra prediction mode based on a second neighboring block which is located in an upper side of the current block; constructing candidate mode list for the current block based on the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode; deriving an intra prediction mode for the current block based on the candidate mode list; generating predicted samples by performing prediction for the current block based on the intra prediction mode; and generating a reconstructed picture for the current block based on the predicted samples, wherein the step of constructing the candidate mode list includes deriving candidate modes including at least one of the first candidate intra prediction mode or the second candidate intra prediction mode, and wherein at least one candidate of the candidate modes is derived by applying a 64 modular arithmetic operation to the first candidate intra prediction mode or the second candidate intra prediction mode. 14. The video decoding method of claim 13, wherein an intra prediction mode of one candidate of the candidate modes is calculated a first value by adding 61, 60, 0, or −1 to a greater mode index among a mode index of the first candidate intra prediction mode and a mode index of the second candidate intra prediction mode, and is calculated a second value by applying the 64 modular arithmetic operation to the first value, and is derived based on a result calculated by adding 2 to the second value. 15. The video decoding method of claim 13, wherein the step of constructing the candidate mode list includes deriving the candidate modes by determining whether the first candidate intra prediction mode is greater than a mode index of DC intra prediction mode, when the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode are the same intra prediction mode, and
wherein when the first candidate intra prediction mode is greater than the mode index of the DC intra prediction mode, the candidate modes comprise: an intra prediction mode derived based on a result calculated by applying the 64 modular arithmetic operation to (a mode index of the first candidate intra prediction mode+61) and adding 2, an intra prediction mode derived based on a result calculated by applying the 64 modular arithmetic operation to (a mode index of the first candidate intra prediction mode−1) and adding 2, and an intra prediction mode derived based on a result calculated by applying the 64 modular arithmetic operation to (a mode index of the first candidate intra prediction mode+60) and adding 2. 16. The video decoding method of claim 13, wherein the step of constructing the candidate mode list includes deriving the candidate modes by determining whether one of the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode is greater than a mode index of DC intra prediction mode, when the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode are not the same intra prediction mode, and
wherein when one of the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode is greater than the mode index of the DC intra prediction mode, the candidate modes comprise: an intra prediction mode derived based on a result calculated by applying the 64 modular arithmetic operation to (a greater mode index among a mode index of the first candidate intra prediction mode and a mode index of the second candidate intra prediction mode+61) and adding 2, an intra prediction mode derived based on a result calculated by applying the 64 modular arithmetic operation to (a greater mode index among a mode index of the first candidate intra prediction mode and a mode index of the second candidate intra prediction mode−1) and adding 2, and an intra prediction mode derived based on a result calculated by applying the 64 modular arithmetic operation to (a greater mode index among a mode index of the first candidate intra prediction mode and a mode index of the second candidate intra prediction mode+60) and adding 2. 17. The video decoding method of claim 13, wherein the step of constructing the candidate mode list includes deriving the candidate modes by determining whether the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode are both greater than a mode index of DC intra prediction mode, when the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode are not the same intra prediction mode, and
wherein when the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode are both greater than the mode index of the DC intra prediction mode, the candidate modes comprise, based on a difference between a mode index of the first candidate intra prediction mode and a mode index of the second candidate intra prediction mode, an intra prediction mode derived based on a result calculated by applying the 64 modular arithmetic operation to (a greater mode index among a mode index of the first candidate intra prediction mode and a mode index of the second candidate intra prediction mode+61) and adding 2, or an intra prediction mode derived based on a result calculated by applying the 64 modular arithmetic operation to (a greater mode index among a mode index of the first candidate intra prediction mode and a mode index of the second candidate intra prediction mode−1) and adding 2. 18. The video decoding method of claim 17, wherein when the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode are both greater than the mode index of the DC intra prediction mode and a difference between a first mode index and a second mode index is 62,
the candidate modes comprise an intra prediction mode derived based on a result calculated by applying the 64 modular arithmetic operation to (the first mode index+61) and adding 2, and the first mode index is a greater mode index among the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode, and the second mode index is a smaller mode index among the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode. 19. The video decoding method of claim 17, wherein when the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode are both greater than the mode index of the DC intra prediction mode and a difference between a first mode index and a second mode index is 2,
the candidate modes comprise an intra prediction mode derived based on a result calculated by applying the 64 modular arithmetic operation to (the first mode index−1) and adding 2, and the first mode index is a greater mode index among the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode, and 20. The video decoding method of claim 13, wherein the first neighboring block is a left side neighboring block located on a downmost side among neighboring blocks neighboring a left boundary of the current block, and
wherein the second neighboring block is an upper side neighboring block located on a far right side among neighboring blocks neighboring an upper boundary of the current block. 21. The video decoding method of claim 13, wherein the step of deriving the first candidate intra prediction mode comprises:
deriving an intra prediction mode of the first neighboring block as the first candidate intra prediction mode when the first neighboring block is available and an intra prediction is applied to the first neighboring block, and deriving a planar intra prediction mode as the first candidate intra prediction mode when the first neighboring block is not available or the intra prediction is not applied to the first neighboring block. 22. The video decoding method of claim 13, wherein the step of deriving the second candidate intra prediction mode comprises:
deriving an intra prediction mode of the second neighboring block as the second candidate intra prediction mode when the second neighboring block is available, an intra prediction is applied to the second neighboring block, and the second neighboring block is included in a current CTU, and deriving a planar intra prediction mode as the second candidate intra prediction mode when the second neighboring block is not available or the intra prediction is not applied to the second neighboring block or the second neighboring block is not included in the current CTU. 23. A video encoding method performed by an encoding apparatus, the method comprising:
deriving a first candidate intra prediction mode based on a first neighboring block which is located in a left side of a current block; deriving a second candidate intra prediction mode based on a second neighboring block which is located in an upper side of the current block; constructing candidate mode list for the current block based on the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode; determining an intra prediction mode for the current block; generate prediction samples by performing a prediction for the current block based on the intra prediction mode; and encoding image information including intra prediction mode information for the current block, wherein the step of constructing the candidate mode list includes deriving candidate modes including at least one of the first candidate intra prediction mode or the second candidate intra prediction mode, and wherein at least one candidate of the candidate modes is derived by applying a 64 modular arithmetic operation to the first candidate intra prediction mode or the second candidate intra prediction mode. 24. The video encoding method of claim 23, wherein an intra prediction mode of one candidate of the candidate modes is calculated a first value by adding 61, 60, 0, or −1 to a greater mode index among a mode index of the first candidate intra prediction mode and a mode index of the second candidate intra prediction mode, and is calculated a second value by applying the 64 modular arithmetic operation to the first value, and is derived based on a result calculated by adding 2 to the second value. 25. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing encoded information causing a decoding apparatus to perform a video decoding method, the method comprising:
deriving a first candidate intra prediction mode based on a first neighboring block which is located in a left side of a current block; deriving a second candidate intra prediction mode based on a second neighboring block which is located in an upper side of the current block; constructing candidate mode list for the current block based on the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode; deriving an intra prediction mode for the current block based on the candidate mode list; generating predicted samples by performing prediction for the current block based on the intra prediction mode; and generating a reconstructed picture for the current block based on the predicted samples, wherein the step of constructing the candidate mode list includes deriving candidate modes including at least one of the first candidate intra prediction mode or the second candidate intra prediction mode, and wherein at least one candidate of the candidate modes is derived by applying a 64 modular arithmetic operation to the first candidate intra prediction mode or the second candidate intra prediction mode. | 2,800 |
346,789 | 16,805,266 | 2,872 | Embodiments described herein modify AFP translations of non-AFP print jobs in order to ensure that exceptions in the non-AFP print jobs are handled correctly. One embodiment comprises a controller that receives a job ticket for a non-AFP print job, where the job ticket defines at least one page exception for the non-AFP print job. The controller receives an AFP translation of the non-AFP print job, where the AFP translation does not implement the at least one page exception defined in the job ticket for the non-AFP print job. The controller modifies the AFP translation to include one or more structured fields based on the at least one page exception, and provides the modified AFP translation to a print server to generate a printed output that represents the non-AFP print job as specified by the job ticket. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a controller configured to receive a job ticket for a non-AFP (Advanced Function Presentation) print job, wherein the job ticket defines at least one page exception for the non-AFP print job, the controller is configured to receive an AFP translation of the non-AFP print job, wherein the AFP translation does not implement the at least one page exception defined in the job ticket for the non-AFP print job, the controller is configured to modify the AFP translation to include one or more structured fields based on the at least one page exception, and to provide the modified AFP translation to a print server to generate a printed output that represents the non-AFP print job as specified by the job ticket. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the controller is configured to process the job ticket to identify a page in the non-AFP print job having a page exception, to generate a medium map based on the page exception, and to modify the AFP translation to include the medium map, the controller is configured to modify the AFP translation to insert an Invoke Medium Map (IMM) structured field referencing the medium map at a page boundary prior to a page component in the AFP translation that represents the page in the non-AFP print job. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein:
the controller is further configured to determine that the page exception comprises a change in a type of media, and to insert a Map Media Type (MMT) structured field in the medium map that is based on the type of media. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein:
the controller is further configured to determine that the page exception comprises a change in a media destination at a printer, and to insert a Map Media Destination (MMD) structured field in the medium map that is based on the media destination. 5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein:
the controller is further configured to determine that the page exception comprises a change in a number of copies to print, and to insert a Medium Copy Count (MCC) structured field in the medium map that identifies the number of copies. 6. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein:
the controller is further configured to determine that the page exception comprises a change in a plex, and to insert a Medium Modification Control (MMC) structured field in the medium map that is based on the plex. 7. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein:
the controller is further configured to determine that the page exception comprises a change in an n-up formatting, and to insert a Medium Modification Control (MMC) structured field in the medium map that is based on the n-up formatting. 8. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein:
the controller is further configured to determine that the page exception comprises a change in a type of post-processing activity to perform, and to insert a Medium Finishing Control (MFC) structured field in the medium map that is based on the type of post-processing activity. 9. A method, comprising:
receiving a job ticket for non-AFP (Advanced Function Presentation) print job, wherein the job ticket defines at least one page exception for the non-AFP print job; receiving an AFP translation of the non-AFP print job, wherein the AFP translation does not implement the at least one page exception defined in the job ticket for the non-AFP print job, modifying the AFP translation to include one or more structured fields based on the at least one page exception; and providing the modified AFP translation to a print server to generate a printed output that represents the non-AFP print job as specified by the job ticket. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein modifying the AFP translation comprises:
processing the job ticket to identify a page in the non-AFP print job having a page exception; generating a medium map based on the page exception; inserting the medium map in the AFP translation; and inserting an Invoke Medium Map (IMM) structured field referencing the medium map at a page boundary prior to a page component in the AFP translation that represents the page in the non-AFP print job. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein generating the medium map further comprises:
determining that the page exception comprises a change in a type of media; and inserting a Map Media Type (MMT) structured field in the medium map that is based on the type of media. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein generating the medium map further comprises:
determining that the page exception comprises a change in a media destination at a printer; and inserting a Map Media Destination (MMD) structured field in the medium map that is based on the media destination. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein generating the medium map further comprises:
determining that the page exception comprises a change in a number of copies to print; and inserting a Medium Copy Count (MCC) structured field in the medium map that is based on the number of copies. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein generating the medium map further comprises:
determining that the page exception comprises a change in a plex; and inserting a Medium Modification Control (MMC) structured field in the medium map that is based on the plex. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein generating the medium map further comprises:
determining that the page exception comprises a change in an n-up formatting; and inserting a Medium Modification Control (MMC) structured field in the medium map that is based on the n-up formatting. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein generating the medium map further comprises:
determining that the page exception comprises a change in a type of post-processing activity to perform; and inserting a Medium Finishing Control (MFC) structured field in the medium map that is based on the type of post-processing activity. 17. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising programmed instructions which, when executed by a processor, direct the processor to:
receive a job ticket for non-AFP (Advanced Function Presentation) print job, wherein the job ticket defines at least one page exception for the non-AFP print job; receive an AFP translation of the non-AFP print job, wherein the AFP translation does not implement the at least one page exception defined in the job ticket for the non-AFP print job, modify the AFP translation to include one or more structured fields based on the at least one page exception; and provide the modified AFP translation to a print server to generate a printed output that represents the non-AFP print job as specified by the job ticket. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein instructions directing the processor to modify the AFP translation comprise instructions to:
process the job ticket to identify a page in the non-AFP print job having a page exception; generate a medium map based on the page exception, and to modify the AFP translation to include the medium map; and insert an Invoke Medium Map (IMM) structured field referencing the medium map at a page boundary prior to a page component in the AFP translation that represents the page in the non-AFP print job. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein instructions directing the processor to generate the medium map comprise instructions to:
determine that the page exception comprises a change in a type of media; and insert a Map Media Type (MMT) structured field in the medium map that is based on the type of media. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein instructions directing the processor to generate the medium map comprise instructions to:
determine that the page exception comprises a change in a media destination at a printer; and insert a Map Media Destination (MMD) structured field in the medium map that is based on the media destination. 21. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein instructions directing the processor to generate the medium map comprise instructions to:
determine that the page exception comprises a change to a number of copies to print; and insert a Medium Copy Count (MCC) structured field in the medium map that is based on the number of copies. 22. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein instructions directing the processor to generate the medium map comprise instructions to:
determine that the page exception comprises change in a plex; and to insert a Medium Modification Control (MMC) structured field in the medium map that is based on the plex. 23. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein instructions directing the processor to generate the medium map comprise instructions to:
determine that the page exception comprises a in an n-up formatting; and to insert a Medium Modification Control (MMC) structured field in the medium map that is based on the n-up formatting. 24. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein instructions directing the processor to generate the medium map comprise instructions to:
determine that the page exception comprises a change in a type of post-processing activity to perform; and insert a Medium Finishing Control (MFC) structured field in the medium map that is based on the type of post-processing activity. | Embodiments described herein modify AFP translations of non-AFP print jobs in order to ensure that exceptions in the non-AFP print jobs are handled correctly. One embodiment comprises a controller that receives a job ticket for a non-AFP print job, where the job ticket defines at least one page exception for the non-AFP print job. The controller receives an AFP translation of the non-AFP print job, where the AFP translation does not implement the at least one page exception defined in the job ticket for the non-AFP print job. The controller modifies the AFP translation to include one or more structured fields based on the at least one page exception, and provides the modified AFP translation to a print server to generate a printed output that represents the non-AFP print job as specified by the job ticket.1. An apparatus comprising:
a controller configured to receive a job ticket for a non-AFP (Advanced Function Presentation) print job, wherein the job ticket defines at least one page exception for the non-AFP print job, the controller is configured to receive an AFP translation of the non-AFP print job, wherein the AFP translation does not implement the at least one page exception defined in the job ticket for the non-AFP print job, the controller is configured to modify the AFP translation to include one or more structured fields based on the at least one page exception, and to provide the modified AFP translation to a print server to generate a printed output that represents the non-AFP print job as specified by the job ticket. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the controller is configured to process the job ticket to identify a page in the non-AFP print job having a page exception, to generate a medium map based on the page exception, and to modify the AFP translation to include the medium map, the controller is configured to modify the AFP translation to insert an Invoke Medium Map (IMM) structured field referencing the medium map at a page boundary prior to a page component in the AFP translation that represents the page in the non-AFP print job. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein:
the controller is further configured to determine that the page exception comprises a change in a type of media, and to insert a Map Media Type (MMT) structured field in the medium map that is based on the type of media. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein:
the controller is further configured to determine that the page exception comprises a change in a media destination at a printer, and to insert a Map Media Destination (MMD) structured field in the medium map that is based on the media destination. 5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein:
the controller is further configured to determine that the page exception comprises a change in a number of copies to print, and to insert a Medium Copy Count (MCC) structured field in the medium map that identifies the number of copies. 6. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein:
the controller is further configured to determine that the page exception comprises a change in a plex, and to insert a Medium Modification Control (MMC) structured field in the medium map that is based on the plex. 7. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein:
the controller is further configured to determine that the page exception comprises a change in an n-up formatting, and to insert a Medium Modification Control (MMC) structured field in the medium map that is based on the n-up formatting. 8. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein:
the controller is further configured to determine that the page exception comprises a change in a type of post-processing activity to perform, and to insert a Medium Finishing Control (MFC) structured field in the medium map that is based on the type of post-processing activity. 9. A method, comprising:
receiving a job ticket for non-AFP (Advanced Function Presentation) print job, wherein the job ticket defines at least one page exception for the non-AFP print job; receiving an AFP translation of the non-AFP print job, wherein the AFP translation does not implement the at least one page exception defined in the job ticket for the non-AFP print job, modifying the AFP translation to include one or more structured fields based on the at least one page exception; and providing the modified AFP translation to a print server to generate a printed output that represents the non-AFP print job as specified by the job ticket. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein modifying the AFP translation comprises:
processing the job ticket to identify a page in the non-AFP print job having a page exception; generating a medium map based on the page exception; inserting the medium map in the AFP translation; and inserting an Invoke Medium Map (IMM) structured field referencing the medium map at a page boundary prior to a page component in the AFP translation that represents the page in the non-AFP print job. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein generating the medium map further comprises:
determining that the page exception comprises a change in a type of media; and inserting a Map Media Type (MMT) structured field in the medium map that is based on the type of media. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein generating the medium map further comprises:
determining that the page exception comprises a change in a media destination at a printer; and inserting a Map Media Destination (MMD) structured field in the medium map that is based on the media destination. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein generating the medium map further comprises:
determining that the page exception comprises a change in a number of copies to print; and inserting a Medium Copy Count (MCC) structured field in the medium map that is based on the number of copies. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein generating the medium map further comprises:
determining that the page exception comprises a change in a plex; and inserting a Medium Modification Control (MMC) structured field in the medium map that is based on the plex. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein generating the medium map further comprises:
determining that the page exception comprises a change in an n-up formatting; and inserting a Medium Modification Control (MMC) structured field in the medium map that is based on the n-up formatting. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein generating the medium map further comprises:
determining that the page exception comprises a change in a type of post-processing activity to perform; and inserting a Medium Finishing Control (MFC) structured field in the medium map that is based on the type of post-processing activity. 17. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising programmed instructions which, when executed by a processor, direct the processor to:
receive a job ticket for non-AFP (Advanced Function Presentation) print job, wherein the job ticket defines at least one page exception for the non-AFP print job; receive an AFP translation of the non-AFP print job, wherein the AFP translation does not implement the at least one page exception defined in the job ticket for the non-AFP print job, modify the AFP translation to include one or more structured fields based on the at least one page exception; and provide the modified AFP translation to a print server to generate a printed output that represents the non-AFP print job as specified by the job ticket. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein instructions directing the processor to modify the AFP translation comprise instructions to:
process the job ticket to identify a page in the non-AFP print job having a page exception; generate a medium map based on the page exception, and to modify the AFP translation to include the medium map; and insert an Invoke Medium Map (IMM) structured field referencing the medium map at a page boundary prior to a page component in the AFP translation that represents the page in the non-AFP print job. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein instructions directing the processor to generate the medium map comprise instructions to:
determine that the page exception comprises a change in a type of media; and insert a Map Media Type (MMT) structured field in the medium map that is based on the type of media. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein instructions directing the processor to generate the medium map comprise instructions to:
determine that the page exception comprises a change in a media destination at a printer; and insert a Map Media Destination (MMD) structured field in the medium map that is based on the media destination. 21. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein instructions directing the processor to generate the medium map comprise instructions to:
determine that the page exception comprises a change to a number of copies to print; and insert a Medium Copy Count (MCC) structured field in the medium map that is based on the number of copies. 22. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein instructions directing the processor to generate the medium map comprise instructions to:
determine that the page exception comprises change in a plex; and to insert a Medium Modification Control (MMC) structured field in the medium map that is based on the plex. 23. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein instructions directing the processor to generate the medium map comprise instructions to:
determine that the page exception comprises a in an n-up formatting; and to insert a Medium Modification Control (MMC) structured field in the medium map that is based on the n-up formatting. 24. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein instructions directing the processor to generate the medium map comprise instructions to:
determine that the page exception comprises a change in a type of post-processing activity to perform; and insert a Medium Finishing Control (MFC) structured field in the medium map that is based on the type of post-processing activity. | 2,800 |
346,790 | 16,805,178 | 2,872 | A clothes treatment apparatus includes a cabinet, a door, and a steam unit. The clothes treatment apparatus further includes a heat pump unit that is located in the cycle chamber and that is configured to circulate and condition air in the treatment chamber. The clothes treatment apparatus further includes a water supply tank that is installed in the tank installation space, that is connected to the steam unit, and that is configured to supply water to the steam unit. The clothes treatment apparatus further includes a drainage tank that is separably installed in the tank installation space, that is configured to store condensed water generated in at least one of the treatment chamber or the heat pump unit. The clothes treatment apparatus further includes a water supply level sensor. The clothes treatment apparatus further includes a drainage level sensor. | 1. A clothes treatment apparatus comprising:
a cabinet that defines a treatment chamber that is configured to receive hung clothes and a cycle chamber that is configured to receive machinery and that includes a tank module frame that is configured to receive a water supply tank and a drainage tank; a door that is configured to open and close the cabinet; a steam unit that is located in the cycle chamber and that is configured to supply steam to the treatment chamber; a heat pump unit that is located in the cycle chamber and that is configure to condition and circulate air in the treatment chamber; and a tank support bar that defines part of a surface of the tank installation space and configured to support the water supply tank and the drainage tank; wherein the water supply tank is separably installed in the tank module frame, is connected to the steam unit, and is configured to supply water to the steam unit, and wherein the drainage tank is separably installed in the tank module frame and is configured to store condensed water generated in the treatment chamber or the heat pump unit, wherein the water supply tank includes a first tank support end that is located at a bottom side of the water supply tank and that is configured to engage with an upper side of the tank support bar to prevent the water supply tank from being unintentionally separated from the tank installation space, and wherein the drainage tank includes a second tank support end that is located at a bottom side of the drainage tank and that is configured to engage with an upper side of the tank support bar to prevent the water supply tank from being unintentionally separated from the tank installation space. 2. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 1, comprising:
a tank module frame that is located between the tank installation space and the cycle chamber and that is configured to partition the tank installation space and the cycle chamber. 3. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 2, wherein:
the tank support bar is connected to the tank module frame, and the tank installation space is defined by the tank module frame and the tank support bar. 4. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the first tank support end is configured to engage with a vertically protruding front of the tank support bar, such that the water supply tank forms a continuous surface with a front of the tank support bar based on the water supply tank being in the tank installation space, and the second tank support end is configured to engage with the vertically protruding front of the tank support bar, such that the drainage tank forms a continuous surface with the front of the tank support bar based on the drainage tank being in the installation space. 5. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the water supply tank comprises:
a first tank body that is open at a front thereof and that has a round upper side;
a first tank cover that is coupled to the front of the first tank body and that defines a first water-storing space; and
a first grip that is located at the upper side of the first tank cover and that is concaved from a front of the water supply tank to a rear of the water supply tank,
the drainage tank comprises:
a second tank body that is open at a front thereof and that has a round upper side;
a second tank cover that is coupled to the front of the second tank body and that defines a second water-storing space; and
a second grip that is located at the upper side of the second tank cover and that is concaved from the front of the drainage tank to a rear of the drainage tank. 6. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 5, wherein:
the upper side of the first tank body is round to reduce interference between the tank installation space and the water supply tank, and the upper side of the second tank body is round to reduce interference between the tank installation space and the drainage tank. 7. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 6, wherein:
the water supply tank comprises:
a first water hole that is located at an upper side of the first tank body; and
a first water hole cover that is configured to open and close the first water hole and that has a round shape that corresponds to the upper side of the first tank body, and
the drainage tank comprises:
a second water hole that is located in an upper side of the second tank body; and
a second water hold cover that is configured to open and close the second water hole and that has a round shape that corresponds to the upper side of the second tank body. 8. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 7, wherein:
the first water hole cover has a round shape that corresponds to the round upper side of the water supply tank, and the second water hole cover has a round shape that corresponds to the round upper side of the drainage tank. 9. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 8, wherein:
the first water hole cover is closed by a weight of the first water hole cover, and the first water hole cover is closed by a weight of the second water hole cover. 10. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 7, wherein:
a perimeter of the first water hole is recessed concavely to receive the first water hole cover, the upper side of first tank body forms a continuous surface with the first water hole cover based on the water supply tank being installed in the tank installation space, a perimeter of the second water hole is recessed concavely to receive the second water hole cover, and the upper side of the second tank body forms a continuous surface with the second water hole cover based on the drainage tank being installed in the tank installation space. 11. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 5, wherein:
the first tank support end is elongated vertically around a bottom of the first tank body, and the second tank support end is elongated vertically around a bottom of the second tank body. 12. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 11, wherein:
the first tank support end includes both elongated lateral sides and a rear side of the first tank body and at least one rib that protrudes from a front side of a bottom of the first tank body to couple with the first tank cover, the second tank support end includes both elongated lateral sides and a rear side of the second tank body and at least one rib that protrudes from a front side of a bottom of the second tank body to couple with the second tank cover. 13. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 12, comprising:
a tank support bar that is connected with the tank module frame and that is configured to support the water supply tank and the drainage tank, wherein both elongated lateral sides of the first tank support end and the at least one rib is recessed rearward, such that a front of the tank support bar and a front of the water supply tank form a continuous surface, and wherein both elongated lateral sides of the second tank support end and the at least one rib is recessed rearward, such that the front of the tank support bar and a front of the drainage tank form a continuous surface. 14. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 5, wherein:
the water supply tank is configured to separate from tank installation space by rotating to reduce interference between the tank support bar and the first tank support end based on pulling the first grip, the drainage tank is configured to separate from the tank installation space by rotating to reduce interference between the tank support bar and the second tank support end based on pulling the second grip. 15. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the water supply tank comprises a water supply check valve that is located at a bottom side of the tank body and that is configured to open and close a flow channel that extends from the tank body to an outside. 16. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 15, wherein a vertical length of the tank support end from a bottom side of the water supply tank is larger than a vertically protruded length of the water supply check valve, such that only the tank support end supports the water supply tank. 17. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the water supply tank and the drainage tank are located on the tank support bar and arranged parallel to each other in the tank module frame. | A clothes treatment apparatus includes a cabinet, a door, and a steam unit. The clothes treatment apparatus further includes a heat pump unit that is located in the cycle chamber and that is configured to circulate and condition air in the treatment chamber. The clothes treatment apparatus further includes a water supply tank that is installed in the tank installation space, that is connected to the steam unit, and that is configured to supply water to the steam unit. The clothes treatment apparatus further includes a drainage tank that is separably installed in the tank installation space, that is configured to store condensed water generated in at least one of the treatment chamber or the heat pump unit. The clothes treatment apparatus further includes a water supply level sensor. The clothes treatment apparatus further includes a drainage level sensor.1. A clothes treatment apparatus comprising:
a cabinet that defines a treatment chamber that is configured to receive hung clothes and a cycle chamber that is configured to receive machinery and that includes a tank module frame that is configured to receive a water supply tank and a drainage tank; a door that is configured to open and close the cabinet; a steam unit that is located in the cycle chamber and that is configured to supply steam to the treatment chamber; a heat pump unit that is located in the cycle chamber and that is configure to condition and circulate air in the treatment chamber; and a tank support bar that defines part of a surface of the tank installation space and configured to support the water supply tank and the drainage tank; wherein the water supply tank is separably installed in the tank module frame, is connected to the steam unit, and is configured to supply water to the steam unit, and wherein the drainage tank is separably installed in the tank module frame and is configured to store condensed water generated in the treatment chamber or the heat pump unit, wherein the water supply tank includes a first tank support end that is located at a bottom side of the water supply tank and that is configured to engage with an upper side of the tank support bar to prevent the water supply tank from being unintentionally separated from the tank installation space, and wherein the drainage tank includes a second tank support end that is located at a bottom side of the drainage tank and that is configured to engage with an upper side of the tank support bar to prevent the water supply tank from being unintentionally separated from the tank installation space. 2. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 1, comprising:
a tank module frame that is located between the tank installation space and the cycle chamber and that is configured to partition the tank installation space and the cycle chamber. 3. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 2, wherein:
the tank support bar is connected to the tank module frame, and the tank installation space is defined by the tank module frame and the tank support bar. 4. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the first tank support end is configured to engage with a vertically protruding front of the tank support bar, such that the water supply tank forms a continuous surface with a front of the tank support bar based on the water supply tank being in the tank installation space, and the second tank support end is configured to engage with the vertically protruding front of the tank support bar, such that the drainage tank forms a continuous surface with the front of the tank support bar based on the drainage tank being in the installation space. 5. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the water supply tank comprises:
a first tank body that is open at a front thereof and that has a round upper side;
a first tank cover that is coupled to the front of the first tank body and that defines a first water-storing space; and
a first grip that is located at the upper side of the first tank cover and that is concaved from a front of the water supply tank to a rear of the water supply tank,
the drainage tank comprises:
a second tank body that is open at a front thereof and that has a round upper side;
a second tank cover that is coupled to the front of the second tank body and that defines a second water-storing space; and
a second grip that is located at the upper side of the second tank cover and that is concaved from the front of the drainage tank to a rear of the drainage tank. 6. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 5, wherein:
the upper side of the first tank body is round to reduce interference between the tank installation space and the water supply tank, and the upper side of the second tank body is round to reduce interference between the tank installation space and the drainage tank. 7. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 6, wherein:
the water supply tank comprises:
a first water hole that is located at an upper side of the first tank body; and
a first water hole cover that is configured to open and close the first water hole and that has a round shape that corresponds to the upper side of the first tank body, and
the drainage tank comprises:
a second water hole that is located in an upper side of the second tank body; and
a second water hold cover that is configured to open and close the second water hole and that has a round shape that corresponds to the upper side of the second tank body. 8. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 7, wherein:
the first water hole cover has a round shape that corresponds to the round upper side of the water supply tank, and the second water hole cover has a round shape that corresponds to the round upper side of the drainage tank. 9. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 8, wherein:
the first water hole cover is closed by a weight of the first water hole cover, and the first water hole cover is closed by a weight of the second water hole cover. 10. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 7, wherein:
a perimeter of the first water hole is recessed concavely to receive the first water hole cover, the upper side of first tank body forms a continuous surface with the first water hole cover based on the water supply tank being installed in the tank installation space, a perimeter of the second water hole is recessed concavely to receive the second water hole cover, and the upper side of the second tank body forms a continuous surface with the second water hole cover based on the drainage tank being installed in the tank installation space. 11. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 5, wherein:
the first tank support end is elongated vertically around a bottom of the first tank body, and the second tank support end is elongated vertically around a bottom of the second tank body. 12. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 11, wherein:
the first tank support end includes both elongated lateral sides and a rear side of the first tank body and at least one rib that protrudes from a front side of a bottom of the first tank body to couple with the first tank cover, the second tank support end includes both elongated lateral sides and a rear side of the second tank body and at least one rib that protrudes from a front side of a bottom of the second tank body to couple with the second tank cover. 13. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 12, comprising:
a tank support bar that is connected with the tank module frame and that is configured to support the water supply tank and the drainage tank, wherein both elongated lateral sides of the first tank support end and the at least one rib is recessed rearward, such that a front of the tank support bar and a front of the water supply tank form a continuous surface, and wherein both elongated lateral sides of the second tank support end and the at least one rib is recessed rearward, such that the front of the tank support bar and a front of the drainage tank form a continuous surface. 14. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 5, wherein:
the water supply tank is configured to separate from tank installation space by rotating to reduce interference between the tank support bar and the first tank support end based on pulling the first grip, the drainage tank is configured to separate from the tank installation space by rotating to reduce interference between the tank support bar and the second tank support end based on pulling the second grip. 15. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the water supply tank comprises a water supply check valve that is located at a bottom side of the tank body and that is configured to open and close a flow channel that extends from the tank body to an outside. 16. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 15, wherein a vertical length of the tank support end from a bottom side of the water supply tank is larger than a vertically protruded length of the water supply check valve, such that only the tank support end supports the water supply tank. 17. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the water supply tank and the drainage tank are located on the tank support bar and arranged parallel to each other in the tank module frame. | 2,800 |
346,791 | 16,805,246 | 2,872 | Systems and methods for reconciling a forecast within a hierarchy, comprising a pre-processing module and a forecast reconciliation module. The pre-processing module reconstructs the structure of the hierarchy and captures the relationship between the nodes of the hierarchy in a summation matrix S. The forecast reconciliation matrix uses S, a weight matrix W (that reflects a weighting scheme between the nodes) and a base forecast to optimize the overall forecast error using a least squares procedure. The reconciled forecast has a zero consistency error. | 1. A computer-implemented method for forecast reconciliation in a hierarchy, the method comprising the steps of:
receiving, by a pre-processing module, data related to the hierarchy; generating, by the pre-processing module, the hierarchy based on the data and a summation matrix related to a structure of the hierarchy; receiving, by a forecast reconciliation module, a base forecast of the hierarchy, the summation matrix and a weight matrix, the weight matrix reflecting a weighting scheme for each node of the hierarchy, the weight matrix generated by either the pre-processing module or the forecast reconciliation module; generating, by the forecast reconciliation module, a reconciled forecast based on a least squares optimization technique for projecting the base forecast onto a bottom level of the hierarchy, subject to a constraint on each node of the bottom level of the hierarchy. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the reconciled forecast is based on a non-negative least squares optimization technique. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the reconciled forecast is based on an iterative optimization in which each node of the bottom level forecast is bound within a respective range. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein each entry of the weight matrix is related to one or more metrics of the hierarchy. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein the weight matrix is diagonal. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein each entry of the weight matrix is related to a forecast error of each node of the hierarchy. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the pre-processing module performs at least one of:
i) removing one or more nodes of the hierarchy that have a zero value or a value less than a threshold value; ii) filling one or more missing records of the hierarchy based on sibling information; and iii) extracting rolling features at all levels of the hierarchy. 8. A computing apparatus, the computing apparatus comprising:
a processor; and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, configure the apparatus to the steps of:
receive, by a pre-processing module, data related to a hierarchy;
generate, by the pre-processing module, the hierarchy based on the data and a summation matrix related to a structure of the hierarchy;
receive, by a forecast reconciliation module, a base forecast of the hierarchy, the summation matrix and a weight matrix, the weight matrix reflecting a weighting scheme for each node of the hierarchy, the weight matrix generated by either the pre-processing module or the forecast reconciliation module;
generate, by the forecast reconciliation module, a reconciled forecast based on a least squares optimization technique for projecting the base forecast onto a bottom level of the hierarchy, subject to a constraint on each node of the bottom level of the hierarchy. 9. The computing apparatus of claim 8, wherein the reconciled forecast is based on a non-negative least squares optimization technique. 10. The computing apparatus of claim 8, wherein the reconciled forecast is based on an iterative optimization in which each node of the bottom level forecast is bound within a respective range. 11. The computing apparatus of claim 8, wherein each entry of the weight matrix is related to one or more metrics of the hierarchy. 12. The computing apparatus of claim 11, wherein the weight matrix is diagonal. 13. The computing apparatus of claim 8, wherein each entry of the weight matrix is related to a forecast error of each node of the hierarchy. 14. The computing apparatus of claim 8, wherein the pre-processing module performs at least one of:
i) remove one or more nodes of the hierarchy that have a zero value or a value less than a threshold value; ii) fill one or more missing records of the hierarchy based on sibling information; and iii) extract rolling features at all levels of the hierarchy. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium including instructions that when executed by a computer, cause the computer to:
receive, by a pre-processing module, data related to a hierarchy; generate, by the pre-processing module, the hierarchy based on the data and a summation matrix related to a structure of the hierarchy; receive, by a forecast reconciliation module, a base forecast of the hierarchy, the summation matrix and a weight matrix, the weight matrix reflecting a weighting scheme for each node of the hierarchy, the weight matrix generated by either the pre-processing module or the forecast reconciliation module; generate, by the forecast reconciliation module, a reconciled forecast based on a least squares optimization technique for projecting the base forecast onto a bottom level of the hierarchy, subject to a constraint on each node of the bottom level of the hierarchy. 16. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the reconciled forecast is based on a non-negative least squares optimization technique. 17. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the reconciled forecast is based on an iterative optimization in which each node of the bottom level forecast is bound within a respective range. 18. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein each entry of the weight matrix is related to one or more metrics of the hierarchy. 19. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein the weight matrix is diagonal. 20. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein each entry of the weight matrix is related to a forecast error of each node of the hierarchy. | Systems and methods for reconciling a forecast within a hierarchy, comprising a pre-processing module and a forecast reconciliation module. The pre-processing module reconstructs the structure of the hierarchy and captures the relationship between the nodes of the hierarchy in a summation matrix S. The forecast reconciliation matrix uses S, a weight matrix W (that reflects a weighting scheme between the nodes) and a base forecast to optimize the overall forecast error using a least squares procedure. The reconciled forecast has a zero consistency error.1. A computer-implemented method for forecast reconciliation in a hierarchy, the method comprising the steps of:
receiving, by a pre-processing module, data related to the hierarchy; generating, by the pre-processing module, the hierarchy based on the data and a summation matrix related to a structure of the hierarchy; receiving, by a forecast reconciliation module, a base forecast of the hierarchy, the summation matrix and a weight matrix, the weight matrix reflecting a weighting scheme for each node of the hierarchy, the weight matrix generated by either the pre-processing module or the forecast reconciliation module; generating, by the forecast reconciliation module, a reconciled forecast based on a least squares optimization technique for projecting the base forecast onto a bottom level of the hierarchy, subject to a constraint on each node of the bottom level of the hierarchy. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the reconciled forecast is based on a non-negative least squares optimization technique. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the reconciled forecast is based on an iterative optimization in which each node of the bottom level forecast is bound within a respective range. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein each entry of the weight matrix is related to one or more metrics of the hierarchy. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein the weight matrix is diagonal. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein each entry of the weight matrix is related to a forecast error of each node of the hierarchy. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the pre-processing module performs at least one of:
i) removing one or more nodes of the hierarchy that have a zero value or a value less than a threshold value; ii) filling one or more missing records of the hierarchy based on sibling information; and iii) extracting rolling features at all levels of the hierarchy. 8. A computing apparatus, the computing apparatus comprising:
a processor; and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, configure the apparatus to the steps of:
receive, by a pre-processing module, data related to a hierarchy;
generate, by the pre-processing module, the hierarchy based on the data and a summation matrix related to a structure of the hierarchy;
receive, by a forecast reconciliation module, a base forecast of the hierarchy, the summation matrix and a weight matrix, the weight matrix reflecting a weighting scheme for each node of the hierarchy, the weight matrix generated by either the pre-processing module or the forecast reconciliation module;
generate, by the forecast reconciliation module, a reconciled forecast based on a least squares optimization technique for projecting the base forecast onto a bottom level of the hierarchy, subject to a constraint on each node of the bottom level of the hierarchy. 9. The computing apparatus of claim 8, wherein the reconciled forecast is based on a non-negative least squares optimization technique. 10. The computing apparatus of claim 8, wherein the reconciled forecast is based on an iterative optimization in which each node of the bottom level forecast is bound within a respective range. 11. The computing apparatus of claim 8, wherein each entry of the weight matrix is related to one or more metrics of the hierarchy. 12. The computing apparatus of claim 11, wherein the weight matrix is diagonal. 13. The computing apparatus of claim 8, wherein each entry of the weight matrix is related to a forecast error of each node of the hierarchy. 14. The computing apparatus of claim 8, wherein the pre-processing module performs at least one of:
i) remove one or more nodes of the hierarchy that have a zero value or a value less than a threshold value; ii) fill one or more missing records of the hierarchy based on sibling information; and iii) extract rolling features at all levels of the hierarchy. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium including instructions that when executed by a computer, cause the computer to:
receive, by a pre-processing module, data related to a hierarchy; generate, by the pre-processing module, the hierarchy based on the data and a summation matrix related to a structure of the hierarchy; receive, by a forecast reconciliation module, a base forecast of the hierarchy, the summation matrix and a weight matrix, the weight matrix reflecting a weighting scheme for each node of the hierarchy, the weight matrix generated by either the pre-processing module or the forecast reconciliation module; generate, by the forecast reconciliation module, a reconciled forecast based on a least squares optimization technique for projecting the base forecast onto a bottom level of the hierarchy, subject to a constraint on each node of the bottom level of the hierarchy. 16. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the reconciled forecast is based on a non-negative least squares optimization technique. 17. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the reconciled forecast is based on an iterative optimization in which each node of the bottom level forecast is bound within a respective range. 18. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein each entry of the weight matrix is related to one or more metrics of the hierarchy. 19. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein the weight matrix is diagonal. 20. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein each entry of the weight matrix is related to a forecast error of each node of the hierarchy. | 2,800 |
346,792 | 16,805,244 | 2,872 | The present disclosure generally relates to an embedded physical layer (EPHY) for a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The EPHY for the FPGA is for a testing device that can receive and transmit in both the high speed PHYs, as well as low speed PHYs, such as MIPI PHYs (MPHYs), to meet universal flash storage (UFS) specifications. The testing device with the EPHY for the FPGA provides flexibility to support any specification updates without the need of application specific (ASIC) production cycles. | 1. A testing device, comprising:
a field programmable gate array (FPGA); and an embedded physical layer (EPHY), the EPHY including:
a logic portion having a first logical phy and a second logical phy, wherein the logic portion is disposed in the FPGA; and
a glue hardware portion, the glue hardware portion including:
a first differential amplifier; and
a first multiplexer (MUX) coupled to the first differential amplifier, wherein the testing device is capable of receiving and sending signals at a first speed, wherein the testing device is capable of receiving and sending signals at a second speed, and wherein the second speed is greater than the first speed. 2. The testing device of claim 1, wherein the glue hardware further comprises:
a second differential amplifier; and a second MUX coupled to the second differential amplifier. 3. The testing device of claim 2, wherein the first MUX and the first differential amplifier are coupled to the FPGA using a first transmission line, wherein the second MUX and the second differential amplifier are coupled to the FPGA using a second transmission line. 4. The testing device of claim 2, further comprising:
a first receiving line coupled to the FPGA; a third differential amplifier coupled to the first receiving line; and a third MUX coupled to the third differential amplifier. 5. The testing device of claim 4, further comprising:
a second receiving line coupled to the FPGA; a fourth differential amplifier coupled to the second receiving line; and a fourth MUX coupled to the fourth differential amplifier. 6. The testing device of claim 1, wherein the glue hardware further comprises an impedance detection unit coupled to the FPGA. 7. The testing device of claim 6, wherein the impedance detection unit comprises an adjustable regulator and one or more comparators. 8. An embedded physical layer (EPHY), comprising:
a glue hardware portion; and a logic portion, wherein the logic portion comprises:
a plurality of transmission blocks that each includes:
a transmission finite state machine (FSM);
a transmission multiplexer (MUX) coupled to the transmission FSM;
a first PHY of a first speed coupled to the transmission FSM; and
a second PHY of a second speed coupled to the transmission FSM, wherein the second speed is greater than the first speed; and
a plurality of receive blocks that each includes:
a receive FSM;
a receive MUX coupled to the receive FSM;
a third PHY of a third speed coupled to the receive FSM; and
a fourth PHY of a fourth coupled to the receive FSM, wherein
the fourth speed is greater than the third speed. 9. The EPHY of claim 8, further comprising a differential impedance detector coupled to the receive FSM. 10. The EPHY of claim 8, wherein the plurality of transmission blocks each additionally include a pulse width modulator coupled with the first PHY. 11. The EPHY of claim 8, wherein the plurality of receive blocks each additionally include a pulse width modulator coupled with the third PHY. 12. The EPHY of claim 8, wherein a number of the plurality of transmission blocks is equal to a number of the plurality of receive blocks. 13. The EPHY of claim 8, further comprising a plurality of MUXs coupled to each transmission block. 14. The EPHY of claim 13, wherein the plurality of MUXs is coupled to the transmission MUX for each transmission block. 15. The EPHY of claim 8, further comprising a controller coupled to each transmission block and each receive block. 16. The EPHY of claim 15, further comprising a clock generator coupled to the controller. 17. The EPHY of claim 8, wherein the transmission FSM is coupled to the receive FSM. 18. A testing device, comprising:
a field programmable gate array (FPGA); means to increase amplitude of a signal received from a device under testing (DUT) of a first speed to an amplitude of a signal of a second speed, wherein the means to increase is coupled to the FPGA; and means to decrease amplitude of a signal received from a DUT of the second speed to an amplitude of a signal of the first speed, wherein the means to decrease is coupled to the FPGA. 19. The testing device of claim 18, further comprising means to detect entering into and exiting from hibernation states. 20. The testing device of claim 18, wherein the means to increase and the means to decrease are distinct. | The present disclosure generally relates to an embedded physical layer (EPHY) for a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The EPHY for the FPGA is for a testing device that can receive and transmit in both the high speed PHYs, as well as low speed PHYs, such as MIPI PHYs (MPHYs), to meet universal flash storage (UFS) specifications. The testing device with the EPHY for the FPGA provides flexibility to support any specification updates without the need of application specific (ASIC) production cycles.1. A testing device, comprising:
a field programmable gate array (FPGA); and an embedded physical layer (EPHY), the EPHY including:
a logic portion having a first logical phy and a second logical phy, wherein the logic portion is disposed in the FPGA; and
a glue hardware portion, the glue hardware portion including:
a first differential amplifier; and
a first multiplexer (MUX) coupled to the first differential amplifier, wherein the testing device is capable of receiving and sending signals at a first speed, wherein the testing device is capable of receiving and sending signals at a second speed, and wherein the second speed is greater than the first speed. 2. The testing device of claim 1, wherein the glue hardware further comprises:
a second differential amplifier; and a second MUX coupled to the second differential amplifier. 3. The testing device of claim 2, wherein the first MUX and the first differential amplifier are coupled to the FPGA using a first transmission line, wherein the second MUX and the second differential amplifier are coupled to the FPGA using a second transmission line. 4. The testing device of claim 2, further comprising:
a first receiving line coupled to the FPGA; a third differential amplifier coupled to the first receiving line; and a third MUX coupled to the third differential amplifier. 5. The testing device of claim 4, further comprising:
a second receiving line coupled to the FPGA; a fourth differential amplifier coupled to the second receiving line; and a fourth MUX coupled to the fourth differential amplifier. 6. The testing device of claim 1, wherein the glue hardware further comprises an impedance detection unit coupled to the FPGA. 7. The testing device of claim 6, wherein the impedance detection unit comprises an adjustable regulator and one or more comparators. 8. An embedded physical layer (EPHY), comprising:
a glue hardware portion; and a logic portion, wherein the logic portion comprises:
a plurality of transmission blocks that each includes:
a transmission finite state machine (FSM);
a transmission multiplexer (MUX) coupled to the transmission FSM;
a first PHY of a first speed coupled to the transmission FSM; and
a second PHY of a second speed coupled to the transmission FSM, wherein the second speed is greater than the first speed; and
a plurality of receive blocks that each includes:
a receive FSM;
a receive MUX coupled to the receive FSM;
a third PHY of a third speed coupled to the receive FSM; and
a fourth PHY of a fourth coupled to the receive FSM, wherein
the fourth speed is greater than the third speed. 9. The EPHY of claim 8, further comprising a differential impedance detector coupled to the receive FSM. 10. The EPHY of claim 8, wherein the plurality of transmission blocks each additionally include a pulse width modulator coupled with the first PHY. 11. The EPHY of claim 8, wherein the plurality of receive blocks each additionally include a pulse width modulator coupled with the third PHY. 12. The EPHY of claim 8, wherein a number of the plurality of transmission blocks is equal to a number of the plurality of receive blocks. 13. The EPHY of claim 8, further comprising a plurality of MUXs coupled to each transmission block. 14. The EPHY of claim 13, wherein the plurality of MUXs is coupled to the transmission MUX for each transmission block. 15. The EPHY of claim 8, further comprising a controller coupled to each transmission block and each receive block. 16. The EPHY of claim 15, further comprising a clock generator coupled to the controller. 17. The EPHY of claim 8, wherein the transmission FSM is coupled to the receive FSM. 18. A testing device, comprising:
a field programmable gate array (FPGA); means to increase amplitude of a signal received from a device under testing (DUT) of a first speed to an amplitude of a signal of a second speed, wherein the means to increase is coupled to the FPGA; and means to decrease amplitude of a signal received from a DUT of the second speed to an amplitude of a signal of the first speed, wherein the means to decrease is coupled to the FPGA. 19. The testing device of claim 18, further comprising means to detect entering into and exiting from hibernation states. 20. The testing device of claim 18, wherein the means to increase and the means to decrease are distinct. | 2,800 |
346,793 | 16,805,222 | 2,872 | A light bulb including a substrate having a light emitting member provided thereon; and a main body in which the substrate is removably received, the main body having a heat sink and electrical contact members. The electrical contact members include an electrically conductive body portion that is mounted to the main body and the electrically conductive body portion mechanically secures the substrate in position in the main body. | 1. A light bulb comprising:
(a) a substrate having a light emitting member provided thereon, the substrate has an insertion end, a longitudinally opposed outer end and a body portion extending longitudinally between the insertion end and the outer end; and, (b) a main body in which the substrate is removably received, the main body comprising a heat sink and electrical contact members, the main body has a recess in which the insertion end of the substrate is slideably receivable, and the heat sink has an opening that is aligned with the recess and in which the body portion of the substrate is positioned when the insertion end of the substrate is inserted through the main body; wherein the substrate is moveable from a fully inserted in use position in which the substrate is secured in position in the main body and a withdrawn position in which the substrate has been withdrawn from the light bulb and the substrate is slideably insertable into the in use position, and wherein the electrical contact members comprise an electrically conductive body portion that is mounted to the main body and the electrically conductive body portion mechanically secures the substrate in position in the fully inserted in use position. 2. The light bulb of claim 1 wherein the electrically conductive body portion comprises a biasing member which engages the substrate. 3. The light bulb of claim 1 wherein the electrical contact members comprises a first electrical contact member which contacts a first side of the substrate and a second electrical contact member that contacts an opposed side of the substrate. 4. The light bulb of claim 1 wherein the electrical contact members comprise first and second electrical contact members, the first electrical contact member exerts a force in a first direction on the substrate and the second electrical contact member exerts a force in a direction opposite to the first direction on the substrate. 5. The light bulb of claim 1 wherein the substrate has an insertion end which is a lead end when the substrate is inserted into the main body and the electrical contact members comprise a cam surface engageable by the insertion end upon insertion of the substrate into the main body. 6. The light bulb of claim 1 wherein the main body has a recess in which the substrate is slideably receivable and at least a portion of the electrical contact members are provided in the recess. 7. The light bulb of claim 6 wherein the recess is provided in the heat sink. 8. The light bulb of claim 6 wherein the electrical contact members comprise a guide surface which guides the substrate into the recess. 9. The light bulb of claim 1 wherein the heat sink has a recess in which the substrate is slideably receivable. 10. (canceled) 11. (canceled) 12. The light bulb of claim 1 wherein the electrical contact members thermally connect the substrate with the heat sink. 13. The light bulb of claim 12 wherein the substrate is made of a non-conductive material and is coated with a thermal conducting layer. 14. The light bulb of claim 1 wherein the substrate comprises a printed circuit board. 15. The light bulb of claim 1 wherein the main body comprises a housing having a base connectable to a source of current, a diffuser and a slot in which the substrate is slideably receivable. 16. The light bulb of claim 1 wherein the substrate has an insertion end, a longitudinally opposed outer end and a body portion extending longitudinally between the insertion end and the outer end, the body portion having first and second longitudinally extending surfaces on different sides of the body portion and a light emitting member is provided on each of the first and second longitudinally extending surfaces. 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. (canceled) | A light bulb including a substrate having a light emitting member provided thereon; and a main body in which the substrate is removably received, the main body having a heat sink and electrical contact members. The electrical contact members include an electrically conductive body portion that is mounted to the main body and the electrically conductive body portion mechanically secures the substrate in position in the main body.1. A light bulb comprising:
(a) a substrate having a light emitting member provided thereon, the substrate has an insertion end, a longitudinally opposed outer end and a body portion extending longitudinally between the insertion end and the outer end; and, (b) a main body in which the substrate is removably received, the main body comprising a heat sink and electrical contact members, the main body has a recess in which the insertion end of the substrate is slideably receivable, and the heat sink has an opening that is aligned with the recess and in which the body portion of the substrate is positioned when the insertion end of the substrate is inserted through the main body; wherein the substrate is moveable from a fully inserted in use position in which the substrate is secured in position in the main body and a withdrawn position in which the substrate has been withdrawn from the light bulb and the substrate is slideably insertable into the in use position, and wherein the electrical contact members comprise an electrically conductive body portion that is mounted to the main body and the electrically conductive body portion mechanically secures the substrate in position in the fully inserted in use position. 2. The light bulb of claim 1 wherein the electrically conductive body portion comprises a biasing member which engages the substrate. 3. The light bulb of claim 1 wherein the electrical contact members comprises a first electrical contact member which contacts a first side of the substrate and a second electrical contact member that contacts an opposed side of the substrate. 4. The light bulb of claim 1 wherein the electrical contact members comprise first and second electrical contact members, the first electrical contact member exerts a force in a first direction on the substrate and the second electrical contact member exerts a force in a direction opposite to the first direction on the substrate. 5. The light bulb of claim 1 wherein the substrate has an insertion end which is a lead end when the substrate is inserted into the main body and the electrical contact members comprise a cam surface engageable by the insertion end upon insertion of the substrate into the main body. 6. The light bulb of claim 1 wherein the main body has a recess in which the substrate is slideably receivable and at least a portion of the electrical contact members are provided in the recess. 7. The light bulb of claim 6 wherein the recess is provided in the heat sink. 8. The light bulb of claim 6 wherein the electrical contact members comprise a guide surface which guides the substrate into the recess. 9. The light bulb of claim 1 wherein the heat sink has a recess in which the substrate is slideably receivable. 10. (canceled) 11. (canceled) 12. The light bulb of claim 1 wherein the electrical contact members thermally connect the substrate with the heat sink. 13. The light bulb of claim 12 wherein the substrate is made of a non-conductive material and is coated with a thermal conducting layer. 14. The light bulb of claim 1 wherein the substrate comprises a printed circuit board. 15. The light bulb of claim 1 wherein the main body comprises a housing having a base connectable to a source of current, a diffuser and a slot in which the substrate is slideably receivable. 16. The light bulb of claim 1 wherein the substrate has an insertion end, a longitudinally opposed outer end and a body portion extending longitudinally between the insertion end and the outer end, the body portion having first and second longitudinally extending surfaces on different sides of the body portion and a light emitting member is provided on each of the first and second longitudinally extending surfaces. 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. (canceled) | 2,800 |
346,794 | 16,805,259 | 1,764 | Implementations described herein generally relate to methods for purifying alpha-olefins. The alpha-olefins may be used to form drag reducing agents for improving flow of hydrocarbons through conduits, particularly pipelines. In one implementation, a method of increasing alpha-olefin content is provided. The method includes providing an olefin feedstock composition having an alpha-mono-olefin and at least one of a diolefin having an equal number of carbon atoms to the alpha-mono-olefin and/or a triolefin having an equal number of carbon atoms to the alpha-mono-olefin. The method further includes contacting the olefin feedstock composition with ethylene in the presence of a catalyst composition including an olefin metathesis catalyst. The method further includes reacting the olefin feedstock composition and ethylene at metathesis reaction conditions to produce an alpha-olefin product comprising the alpha-mono-olefin and alpha-olefins having fewer carbon atoms than the alpha-mono-olefin. | 1. A method, comprising:
providing an olefin feedstock composition comprising a linear internal olefin and optionally at least one of an alpha-mono-olefin having the same number of carbon atoms as the linear internal olefin, a vinylidene, a diolefin having the same number of carbon atoms as the linear internal olefin, and/or a triolefin having the same number of carbon atoms as the linear internal olefin; providing a catalyst composition comprising an olefin metathesis catalyst; and reacting the olefin feedstock composition and ethylene at metathesis reaction conditions in the presence of the catalyst composition to produce an alpha-olefin product comprising the linear internal olefin and one or more alpha-olefins having fewer carbon atoms than the linear internal olefin. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising separating the one or more alpha-olefins from the alpha-olefin product using a distillation process. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more alpha-olefins having fewer carbon atoms than the linear internal olefin comprise C4-C7 alpha-olefins. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more alpha-olefins having fewer carbon atoms than the linear internal olefin include at least one of alpha-mono-olefins and diolefins. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the olefin metathesis catalyst is a transition metal complex comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, W, Ru, Mo, Re, and combinations thereof. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the olefin metathesis catalyst is a transition metal complex comprising Ru. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the olefin metathesis catalyst is a Grubb's catalyst, a Schrock catalyst, or a Hoveyda catalyst. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the olefin metathesis catalyst is selected from a ruthenium carbene metathesis catalyst and a molybdenum carbene metathesis catalyst. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the olefin metathesis catalyst is dichloro(phenylmethylene) bis(tricyclohexylphosphine) ruthenium or 1,3-bis-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-(imidazolidinylidene)(phenylmethylene)-dichloro(tricyclohexylphosphine)ruthenium. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the metathesis reaction conditions comprises a metathesis reaction temperature ranging from the melting point of the olefin feedstock to 120 degrees Celsius. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising polymerizing the alpha-olefin product in the presence of a catalyst to form a drag reducing agent. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the alpha-mono-olefin has from 4 to 20 carbon atoms. 13. A method, comprising:
providing an olefin feedstock composition comprising 3-dodecene and optionally at least one of an alpha-olefin having at least 12 carbon atoms, a vinylidene having at least 12 carbon atoms, a diolefin having at least 12 carbon atoms, and/or a triolefin having at least 12 carbon atoms; providing a catalyst composition comprising an olefin metathesis catalyst; and reacting the olefin feedstock composition and ethylene at metathesis reaction conditions in the presence of the catalyst composition to produce an alpha-olefin product comprising 3-dodecene and one or more alpha-olefins having fewer carbon atoms than 3-dodecene. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising separating the one or more alpha-olefins from the alpha-olefin product using a distillation process. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more alpha-olefins having fewer carbon atoms than 3-dodecene comprise C4-C7 alpha-olefins. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more alpha-olefins having fewer carbon atoms than the 3-dodecene comprise at least one of alpha-mono-olefins and diolefins. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the olefin metathesis catalyst is a transition metal complex comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, W, Ru, Mo, Re, and combinations thereof. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the olefin metathesis catalyst is a Grubb's catalyst, a Schrock catalyst, or a Hoveyda catalyst. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the olefin metathesis catalyst is selected from a ruthenium carbene metathesis catalyst and a molybdenum carbene metathesis catalyst. 20. The method of claim 13, further comprising polymerizing the alpha-olefin product in the presence of a catalyst to form a drag reducing agent. 21. A method comprising:
providing an olefin feedstock composition comprising a linear internal-mono-olefin and at least one of an alpha-olefin having more than 10 carbon atoms, a vinylidene olefin, a diolefin, a triolefin, and combinations thereof; providing a catalyst composition comprising an olefin metathesis catalyst; and reacting the olefin feedstock composition and ethylene at metathesis reaction conditions in the presence of the catalyst composition to produce an alpha-olefin product comprising an alpha-mono-olefin and one or more alpha-olefins having fewer carbon atoms than the alpha mono-olefin. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising separating the alpha-mono-olefin in the alpha-olefin product from the one or more alpha-olefins having fewer carbon atoms than the alpha mono-olefin using a distillation process. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the one or more alpha-olefins having fewer carbon atoms than the alpha-mono-olefin comprise C4-C7 alpha-olefins. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the one or more alpha-olefins having fewer carbon atoms than the alpha-mono-olefin include at least one of alpha-mono-olefins and diolefins. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the alpha-mono-olefin is 1-decene. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the alpha-mono-olefin having more than 10 carbon atoms has 12 carbon atoms. | Implementations described herein generally relate to methods for purifying alpha-olefins. The alpha-olefins may be used to form drag reducing agents for improving flow of hydrocarbons through conduits, particularly pipelines. In one implementation, a method of increasing alpha-olefin content is provided. The method includes providing an olefin feedstock composition having an alpha-mono-olefin and at least one of a diolefin having an equal number of carbon atoms to the alpha-mono-olefin and/or a triolefin having an equal number of carbon atoms to the alpha-mono-olefin. The method further includes contacting the olefin feedstock composition with ethylene in the presence of a catalyst composition including an olefin metathesis catalyst. The method further includes reacting the olefin feedstock composition and ethylene at metathesis reaction conditions to produce an alpha-olefin product comprising the alpha-mono-olefin and alpha-olefins having fewer carbon atoms than the alpha-mono-olefin.1. A method, comprising:
providing an olefin feedstock composition comprising a linear internal olefin and optionally at least one of an alpha-mono-olefin having the same number of carbon atoms as the linear internal olefin, a vinylidene, a diolefin having the same number of carbon atoms as the linear internal olefin, and/or a triolefin having the same number of carbon atoms as the linear internal olefin; providing a catalyst composition comprising an olefin metathesis catalyst; and reacting the olefin feedstock composition and ethylene at metathesis reaction conditions in the presence of the catalyst composition to produce an alpha-olefin product comprising the linear internal olefin and one or more alpha-olefins having fewer carbon atoms than the linear internal olefin. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising separating the one or more alpha-olefins from the alpha-olefin product using a distillation process. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more alpha-olefins having fewer carbon atoms than the linear internal olefin comprise C4-C7 alpha-olefins. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more alpha-olefins having fewer carbon atoms than the linear internal olefin include at least one of alpha-mono-olefins and diolefins. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the olefin metathesis catalyst is a transition metal complex comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, W, Ru, Mo, Re, and combinations thereof. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the olefin metathesis catalyst is a transition metal complex comprising Ru. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the olefin metathesis catalyst is a Grubb's catalyst, a Schrock catalyst, or a Hoveyda catalyst. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the olefin metathesis catalyst is selected from a ruthenium carbene metathesis catalyst and a molybdenum carbene metathesis catalyst. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the olefin metathesis catalyst is dichloro(phenylmethylene) bis(tricyclohexylphosphine) ruthenium or 1,3-bis-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-(imidazolidinylidene)(phenylmethylene)-dichloro(tricyclohexylphosphine)ruthenium. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the metathesis reaction conditions comprises a metathesis reaction temperature ranging from the melting point of the olefin feedstock to 120 degrees Celsius. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising polymerizing the alpha-olefin product in the presence of a catalyst to form a drag reducing agent. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the alpha-mono-olefin has from 4 to 20 carbon atoms. 13. A method, comprising:
providing an olefin feedstock composition comprising 3-dodecene and optionally at least one of an alpha-olefin having at least 12 carbon atoms, a vinylidene having at least 12 carbon atoms, a diolefin having at least 12 carbon atoms, and/or a triolefin having at least 12 carbon atoms; providing a catalyst composition comprising an olefin metathesis catalyst; and reacting the olefin feedstock composition and ethylene at metathesis reaction conditions in the presence of the catalyst composition to produce an alpha-olefin product comprising 3-dodecene and one or more alpha-olefins having fewer carbon atoms than 3-dodecene. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising separating the one or more alpha-olefins from the alpha-olefin product using a distillation process. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more alpha-olefins having fewer carbon atoms than 3-dodecene comprise C4-C7 alpha-olefins. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more alpha-olefins having fewer carbon atoms than the 3-dodecene comprise at least one of alpha-mono-olefins and diolefins. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the olefin metathesis catalyst is a transition metal complex comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, W, Ru, Mo, Re, and combinations thereof. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the olefin metathesis catalyst is a Grubb's catalyst, a Schrock catalyst, or a Hoveyda catalyst. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the olefin metathesis catalyst is selected from a ruthenium carbene metathesis catalyst and a molybdenum carbene metathesis catalyst. 20. The method of claim 13, further comprising polymerizing the alpha-olefin product in the presence of a catalyst to form a drag reducing agent. 21. A method comprising:
providing an olefin feedstock composition comprising a linear internal-mono-olefin and at least one of an alpha-olefin having more than 10 carbon atoms, a vinylidene olefin, a diolefin, a triolefin, and combinations thereof; providing a catalyst composition comprising an olefin metathesis catalyst; and reacting the olefin feedstock composition and ethylene at metathesis reaction conditions in the presence of the catalyst composition to produce an alpha-olefin product comprising an alpha-mono-olefin and one or more alpha-olefins having fewer carbon atoms than the alpha mono-olefin. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising separating the alpha-mono-olefin in the alpha-olefin product from the one or more alpha-olefins having fewer carbon atoms than the alpha mono-olefin using a distillation process. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the one or more alpha-olefins having fewer carbon atoms than the alpha-mono-olefin comprise C4-C7 alpha-olefins. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the one or more alpha-olefins having fewer carbon atoms than the alpha-mono-olefin include at least one of alpha-mono-olefins and diolefins. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the alpha-mono-olefin is 1-decene. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the alpha-mono-olefin having more than 10 carbon atoms has 12 carbon atoms. | 1,700 |
346,795 | 16,805,198 | 1,764 | A clothes treatment apparatus includes a cabinet, a door, and a steam unit. The clothes treatment apparatus further includes a heat pump unit that is located in the cycle chamber and that is configured to circulate and condition air in the treatment chamber. The clothes treatment apparatus further includes a water supply tank that is installed in the tank installation space, that is connected to the steam unit, and that is configured to supply water to the steam unit. The clothes treatment apparatus further includes a drainage tank that is separably installed in the tank installation space, that is configured to store condensed water generated in at least one of the treatment chamber or the heat pump unit. The clothes treatment apparatus further includes a water supply level sensor. The clothes treatment apparatus further includes a drainage level sensor. | 1. A clothes treatment apparatus comprising:
a cabinet that defines a treatment chamber that is configured to receive hung clothes and a cycle chamber that is configured to receive machinery and that includes a tank module frame that is configured to receive a water supply tank and a drainage tank; a door that is configured to open and close the cabinet; a steam unit that is located in the cycle chamber and that is configured to supply steam to the treatment chamber; a heat pump unit that is located in the cycle chamber and that is configure to condition and circulate air in the treatment chamber; wherein the water supply tank is separably installed in the tank module frame, is connected to the steam unit, and is configured to supply water to the steam unit, wherein the drainage tank is separably installed in the tank module frame and is configured to store condensed water generated in the treatment chamber or the heat pump unit, and wherein the water supply tank comprises:
a first tank body that is open at a front thereof and that has a round upper side;
a first tank cover that is coupled to the front of the first tank body and that defines a first water-storing space; and
a first grip that is located at the upper side of the water supply tank and that is concaved from a front of the water supply tank to a rear of the water supply tank,
wherein, based on the door being open, the first tank cover and the first grip are exposed and the water supply tank is removable from and insertable into the tank module frame,
wherein the drainage tank comprises:
a second tank body that is open at a front thereof and that has a round upper side;
a second tank cover that is coupled to the front of the second tank body and that defines a second water-storing space; and
a second grip that is located at the upper side of the drainage tank and that is concaved from the front of the drainage tank to a rear of the drainage tank,
wherein, based on the door being open, the second tank cover and the second grip are exposed and the drainage tank is removable from and insertable into the tank module frame. 2. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the tank module frame is located in front of an inlet duct that is configured to guide air from the treatment chamber to the cycle chamber and that is configured to partition a tank installation space defined in the tank module frame and the cycle chamber, and the water supply tank and the drainage tank are each separably mounted in the tank installation space. 3. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 2, wherein:
the water supply tank is configured to separate from the tank installation space by rotation around a lower front end of the water supply tank based on the first grip being pulled, and the drainage tank is configured to separate from the tank installation space by rotation around a lower front end of the drainage tank based on the second grip being pulled. 4. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 2, wherein:
both lateral sides and a rear side of the first tank body are configured to elongate from a lower side of the first tank body, the first tank body is supported by the elongated lateral sides and rear side of the first tank body based on the water supply tank being placed in the tank module frame or outside the clothes treatment apparatus, both lateral sides and a rear side of the second tank body are configured to elongate from a lower side of the second tank body, and the second tank body is supported by the elongated lateral sides and rear side of the second tank body based on the drainage tank being placed in the tank frame module or outside the clothes treatment apparatus. 5. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 4, wherein, based on the door being closed, the water supply tank and the drainage tank are parallel to each other and a front side of the water supply tank and a front side of the drainage tank face an inner side of door. 6. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
a first water level in the water supply tank (80) is viewable through the first tank cover based on the door being open, and a second water level in the drainage tank is viewable through the second tank cover based on the door being open. 7. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 6, wherein:
the first tank cover includes a first window through which the first water level is viewable, and the second tank cover includes a second window through which the second water level is viewable. 8. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 1, comprising:
a water supply level sensor comprising:
a first float case that is fixed in the water supply tank;
a first float that is located in the first float case and that is configured to move up and down in the first float case by buoyancy; and
a first magnetic sensor that is installed on the tank module frame and that is configured to sense a magnetic force of the first float; and
the drainage level sensor comprising:
a second float case that is fixed in the drainage tank;
a second float that is located in the second float case and that is configured to move up and down in the second float case by buoyance; and
a second magnetic sensor that is installed on the tank module frame and that is configured to sense a magnetic force of the second float. 9. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 8, wherein:
the first tank body includes a first float installation part at a rear side of the first tank body (82), the first float installation part protrudes from a rear side of the first tank body in a direction of the first tank cover and is configured to support the first float case, the first float case is installed at the first float installation part, the second tank body includes a second float installation part at a rear side of the second tank body, and the second float installation part protrudes from the rear side of the second tank body in a direction of the second tank dover and is configured to support the second float case, and the second float case is installed at the second float installation part. 10. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 9, wherein:
the first tank cover comprises a first sensor fixing part located at an inside of the first tank cover and protruding from the inside of the first tank cover toward the first float case, the first sensor fixing part is configured to prevent the first float case from being separated from the first float installation part, the second tank cover comprises a second sensor fixing part located at an inside of the second tank cover and protruding from the inside of the second tank cover toward the second float case, and the second sensor fixing part is configured to prevent the second float case from being separated from the second float installation part. 11. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
an upper rear side of the water supply tank is round such that, based on the water supply tank being separated from or installed in the tank module frame, interference between the water supply tank and the tank module frame is reduced, and an upper rear side of the drainage tank is round such that, based on the drainage tank being separated from or installed in the tank module frame, interference between the drainage tank and the tank module frame is reduced. 12. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the water supply tank comprises:
a first water hole that is located at the round upper side of the first tank body; and
a first water hole cover that is configured to open and close the first water hole, and
the drainage tank comprises:
a second water hole that is located at the round upper side of the second tank body; and
a second water hole dover that is configured to open and close the second water hole. 13. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 12, wherein:
the first water hole cover has a round shape that corresponds to the round upper side of the water supply tank, and the second water hole cover has a round shape that corresponds to the round upper side of the drainage tank. 14. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 13, wherein:
the first water hole cover is closed by a weight of the first water hole cover, and the first water hole cover is closed by a weight of the second water hole cover. 15. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the water supply tank comprises a first decorative cover coupled to the first tank cover, and the drainage tank comprises a second decorative cover coupled to the second tank cover. 16. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the water supply tank (80) comprises:
a check valve that is located in the first tank body and that is configured to open and close a flow channel extending from the first tank body (82) to an outside. 17. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 16, wherein:
the check valve is located at a lower side of the first tank body is connected to the first steam unit, and is configured to supply water to the steam unit, the check valve is hidden by the first tank cover based on the water supply tank being installed in the tank module frame. 18. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the water supply tank in the tank module frame is located closer to a first lateral side of the cabinet than a second lateral side of the cabinet, and the steam unit in the cycle chamber is located closer to the first lateral side of the cabinet closer than the second lateral side of the cabinet. | A clothes treatment apparatus includes a cabinet, a door, and a steam unit. The clothes treatment apparatus further includes a heat pump unit that is located in the cycle chamber and that is configured to circulate and condition air in the treatment chamber. The clothes treatment apparatus further includes a water supply tank that is installed in the tank installation space, that is connected to the steam unit, and that is configured to supply water to the steam unit. The clothes treatment apparatus further includes a drainage tank that is separably installed in the tank installation space, that is configured to store condensed water generated in at least one of the treatment chamber or the heat pump unit. The clothes treatment apparatus further includes a water supply level sensor. The clothes treatment apparatus further includes a drainage level sensor.1. A clothes treatment apparatus comprising:
a cabinet that defines a treatment chamber that is configured to receive hung clothes and a cycle chamber that is configured to receive machinery and that includes a tank module frame that is configured to receive a water supply tank and a drainage tank; a door that is configured to open and close the cabinet; a steam unit that is located in the cycle chamber and that is configured to supply steam to the treatment chamber; a heat pump unit that is located in the cycle chamber and that is configure to condition and circulate air in the treatment chamber; wherein the water supply tank is separably installed in the tank module frame, is connected to the steam unit, and is configured to supply water to the steam unit, wherein the drainage tank is separably installed in the tank module frame and is configured to store condensed water generated in the treatment chamber or the heat pump unit, and wherein the water supply tank comprises:
a first tank body that is open at a front thereof and that has a round upper side;
a first tank cover that is coupled to the front of the first tank body and that defines a first water-storing space; and
a first grip that is located at the upper side of the water supply tank and that is concaved from a front of the water supply tank to a rear of the water supply tank,
wherein, based on the door being open, the first tank cover and the first grip are exposed and the water supply tank is removable from and insertable into the tank module frame,
wherein the drainage tank comprises:
a second tank body that is open at a front thereof and that has a round upper side;
a second tank cover that is coupled to the front of the second tank body and that defines a second water-storing space; and
a second grip that is located at the upper side of the drainage tank and that is concaved from the front of the drainage tank to a rear of the drainage tank,
wherein, based on the door being open, the second tank cover and the second grip are exposed and the drainage tank is removable from and insertable into the tank module frame. 2. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the tank module frame is located in front of an inlet duct that is configured to guide air from the treatment chamber to the cycle chamber and that is configured to partition a tank installation space defined in the tank module frame and the cycle chamber, and the water supply tank and the drainage tank are each separably mounted in the tank installation space. 3. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 2, wherein:
the water supply tank is configured to separate from the tank installation space by rotation around a lower front end of the water supply tank based on the first grip being pulled, and the drainage tank is configured to separate from the tank installation space by rotation around a lower front end of the drainage tank based on the second grip being pulled. 4. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 2, wherein:
both lateral sides and a rear side of the first tank body are configured to elongate from a lower side of the first tank body, the first tank body is supported by the elongated lateral sides and rear side of the first tank body based on the water supply tank being placed in the tank module frame or outside the clothes treatment apparatus, both lateral sides and a rear side of the second tank body are configured to elongate from a lower side of the second tank body, and the second tank body is supported by the elongated lateral sides and rear side of the second tank body based on the drainage tank being placed in the tank frame module or outside the clothes treatment apparatus. 5. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 4, wherein, based on the door being closed, the water supply tank and the drainage tank are parallel to each other and a front side of the water supply tank and a front side of the drainage tank face an inner side of door. 6. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
a first water level in the water supply tank (80) is viewable through the first tank cover based on the door being open, and a second water level in the drainage tank is viewable through the second tank cover based on the door being open. 7. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 6, wherein:
the first tank cover includes a first window through which the first water level is viewable, and the second tank cover includes a second window through which the second water level is viewable. 8. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 1, comprising:
a water supply level sensor comprising:
a first float case that is fixed in the water supply tank;
a first float that is located in the first float case and that is configured to move up and down in the first float case by buoyancy; and
a first magnetic sensor that is installed on the tank module frame and that is configured to sense a magnetic force of the first float; and
the drainage level sensor comprising:
a second float case that is fixed in the drainage tank;
a second float that is located in the second float case and that is configured to move up and down in the second float case by buoyance; and
a second magnetic sensor that is installed on the tank module frame and that is configured to sense a magnetic force of the second float. 9. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 8, wherein:
the first tank body includes a first float installation part at a rear side of the first tank body (82), the first float installation part protrudes from a rear side of the first tank body in a direction of the first tank cover and is configured to support the first float case, the first float case is installed at the first float installation part, the second tank body includes a second float installation part at a rear side of the second tank body, and the second float installation part protrudes from the rear side of the second tank body in a direction of the second tank dover and is configured to support the second float case, and the second float case is installed at the second float installation part. 10. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 9, wherein:
the first tank cover comprises a first sensor fixing part located at an inside of the first tank cover and protruding from the inside of the first tank cover toward the first float case, the first sensor fixing part is configured to prevent the first float case from being separated from the first float installation part, the second tank cover comprises a second sensor fixing part located at an inside of the second tank cover and protruding from the inside of the second tank cover toward the second float case, and the second sensor fixing part is configured to prevent the second float case from being separated from the second float installation part. 11. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
an upper rear side of the water supply tank is round such that, based on the water supply tank being separated from or installed in the tank module frame, interference between the water supply tank and the tank module frame is reduced, and an upper rear side of the drainage tank is round such that, based on the drainage tank being separated from or installed in the tank module frame, interference between the drainage tank and the tank module frame is reduced. 12. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the water supply tank comprises:
a first water hole that is located at the round upper side of the first tank body; and
a first water hole cover that is configured to open and close the first water hole, and
the drainage tank comprises:
a second water hole that is located at the round upper side of the second tank body; and
a second water hole dover that is configured to open and close the second water hole. 13. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 12, wherein:
the first water hole cover has a round shape that corresponds to the round upper side of the water supply tank, and the second water hole cover has a round shape that corresponds to the round upper side of the drainage tank. 14. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 13, wherein:
the first water hole cover is closed by a weight of the first water hole cover, and the first water hole cover is closed by a weight of the second water hole cover. 15. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the water supply tank comprises a first decorative cover coupled to the first tank cover, and the drainage tank comprises a second decorative cover coupled to the second tank cover. 16. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the water supply tank (80) comprises:
a check valve that is located in the first tank body and that is configured to open and close a flow channel extending from the first tank body (82) to an outside. 17. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 16, wherein:
the check valve is located at a lower side of the first tank body is connected to the first steam unit, and is configured to supply water to the steam unit, the check valve is hidden by the first tank cover based on the water supply tank being installed in the tank module frame. 18. The clothes treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the water supply tank in the tank module frame is located closer to a first lateral side of the cabinet than a second lateral side of the cabinet, and the steam unit in the cycle chamber is located closer to the first lateral side of the cabinet closer than the second lateral side of the cabinet. | 1,700 |
346,796 | 16,805,270 | 1,764 | A device creates virtual storage bucket to abstract the data and the access from another device, and to secure the access using the IAM and the data using encryption and/or Mojette transform in order to generate encrypted/encoded data and transmits the data to another device. The other device saves the encrypted/encoded data for later transmitting the data to the same first device or another for decryption/decoding. | 1. A multi-cloud data framework system, comprising:
at least one server corresponding to at least one cloud storage provider and configured to store data; a computing device connected to the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider, the computing device including an application configured to access the data stored on the at least one server corresponding to the at least one cloud storage provider; at least one gateway connected between the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider and the computing device; and a central server configured to manage the at least one gateway to allow or deny access to the data stored on the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider using at least one virtual storage bucket on the gateway, the at least one virtual storage bucket being configured to set policies governing access to the data for the application on the computing device. 2. The multi-cloud framework system according to claim 1, wherein when the data is requested by the application on the computing device, the gateway stores the data from the at least one server of the at least once cloud storage provider in the virtual bucket in accordance with the policies governing access to the data. 3. The multi-cloud framework system according to claim 2, wherein the gateway sends the data stored in the virtual bucket to the application on the computing device in accordance with the policies governing access to the data. 4. The multi-cloud framework system according to claim 1, wherein the virtual bucket prevents details of the application from being passed to the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider. 5. The multi-cloud framework system according to claim 4, wherein the virtual bucket prevents details of the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider from being passed to the application on the computing device. 6. The multi-cloud framework system according to claim 1, wherein the gateway includes a plurality of virtual buckets, each corresponding to a different computing device. 7. The multi-cloud framework system according to claim 6, wherein each of the plurality of virtual buckets applies different policies for governing access to data communicated therethrough. 8. A multi-cloud framework method, comprising:
storing data in at least one server corresponding to at least one cloud storage provider; providing an application on a computing device connected to the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider, the computing device including an application configured to access the data stored on the at least one server corresponding to the at least one cloud storage provider; intermediating, with at least one gateway, exchange of the data between the application on the computing device and the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider; and managing, by a central server, the at least one gateway to allow or deny access to the data stored on the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider using at least one virtual storage bucket on the gateway, the at least one virtual storage bucket being configured to set policies governing access to the data for the application on the computing device. 9. The multi-cloud framework method according to claim 8, further comprising, when the data is requested by the application on the computing device, storing, by the gateway, the data from the at least one server of the at least once cloud storage provider in the virtual bucket in accordance with the policies governing access to the data. 10. The multi-cloud framework method according to claim 9, further comprising sending, by the gateway, the data stored in the virtual bucket to the application on the computing device in accordance with the policies governing access to the data. 11. The multi-cloud framework method according to claim 8, wherein the virtual bucket prevents details of the application from being passed to the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider. 12. The multi-cloud framework method according to claim 11, wherein the virtual bucket prevents details of the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider from being passed to the application on the computing device. 13. The multi-cloud framework method according to claim 18, wherein the gateway includes a plurality of virtual buckets, each corresponding to a different computing device. 14. The multi-cloud framework method according to claim 13, wherein each of the plurality of virtual buckets applies different policies for governing access to data communicated therethrough. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium encoded with computer-readable instructions that, when executed by one or more computing devices, cause the one or more computing devices to perform a multi-cloud framework method, comprising:
storing data in at least one server corresponding to at least one cloud storage provider; providing an application on a computing device connected to the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider, the computing device including an application configured to access the data stored on the at least one server corresponding to the at least one cloud storage provider; intermediating, with at least one gateway, exchange of the data between the application on the computing device and the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider; and managing, by a central server, the at least one gateway to allow or deny access to the data stored on the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider using at least one virtual storage bucket on the gateway, the at least one virtual storage bucket being configured to set policies governing access to the data for the application on the computing device. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 15, further comprising, when the data is requested by the application on the computing device, storing, by the gateway, the data from the at least one server of the at least once cloud storage provider in the virtual bucket in accordance with the policies governing access to the data. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 16, further comprising sending, by the gateway, the data stored in the virtual bucket to the application on the computing device in accordance with the policies governing access to the data. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 15, wherein the virtual bucket prevents details of the application from being passed to the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 18, wherein the virtual bucket prevents details of the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider from being passed to the application on the computing device. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 15, wherein the gateway includes a plurality of virtual buckets, each corresponding to a different computing device. 21. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 20, wherein each of the plurality of virtual buckets applies different policies for governing access to data communicated therethrough. | A device creates virtual storage bucket to abstract the data and the access from another device, and to secure the access using the IAM and the data using encryption and/or Mojette transform in order to generate encrypted/encoded data and transmits the data to another device. The other device saves the encrypted/encoded data for later transmitting the data to the same first device or another for decryption/decoding.1. A multi-cloud data framework system, comprising:
at least one server corresponding to at least one cloud storage provider and configured to store data; a computing device connected to the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider, the computing device including an application configured to access the data stored on the at least one server corresponding to the at least one cloud storage provider; at least one gateway connected between the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider and the computing device; and a central server configured to manage the at least one gateway to allow or deny access to the data stored on the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider using at least one virtual storage bucket on the gateway, the at least one virtual storage bucket being configured to set policies governing access to the data for the application on the computing device. 2. The multi-cloud framework system according to claim 1, wherein when the data is requested by the application on the computing device, the gateway stores the data from the at least one server of the at least once cloud storage provider in the virtual bucket in accordance with the policies governing access to the data. 3. The multi-cloud framework system according to claim 2, wherein the gateway sends the data stored in the virtual bucket to the application on the computing device in accordance with the policies governing access to the data. 4. The multi-cloud framework system according to claim 1, wherein the virtual bucket prevents details of the application from being passed to the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider. 5. The multi-cloud framework system according to claim 4, wherein the virtual bucket prevents details of the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider from being passed to the application on the computing device. 6. The multi-cloud framework system according to claim 1, wherein the gateway includes a plurality of virtual buckets, each corresponding to a different computing device. 7. The multi-cloud framework system according to claim 6, wherein each of the plurality of virtual buckets applies different policies for governing access to data communicated therethrough. 8. A multi-cloud framework method, comprising:
storing data in at least one server corresponding to at least one cloud storage provider; providing an application on a computing device connected to the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider, the computing device including an application configured to access the data stored on the at least one server corresponding to the at least one cloud storage provider; intermediating, with at least one gateway, exchange of the data between the application on the computing device and the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider; and managing, by a central server, the at least one gateway to allow or deny access to the data stored on the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider using at least one virtual storage bucket on the gateway, the at least one virtual storage bucket being configured to set policies governing access to the data for the application on the computing device. 9. The multi-cloud framework method according to claim 8, further comprising, when the data is requested by the application on the computing device, storing, by the gateway, the data from the at least one server of the at least once cloud storage provider in the virtual bucket in accordance with the policies governing access to the data. 10. The multi-cloud framework method according to claim 9, further comprising sending, by the gateway, the data stored in the virtual bucket to the application on the computing device in accordance with the policies governing access to the data. 11. The multi-cloud framework method according to claim 8, wherein the virtual bucket prevents details of the application from being passed to the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider. 12. The multi-cloud framework method according to claim 11, wherein the virtual bucket prevents details of the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider from being passed to the application on the computing device. 13. The multi-cloud framework method according to claim 18, wherein the gateway includes a plurality of virtual buckets, each corresponding to a different computing device. 14. The multi-cloud framework method according to claim 13, wherein each of the plurality of virtual buckets applies different policies for governing access to data communicated therethrough. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium encoded with computer-readable instructions that, when executed by one or more computing devices, cause the one or more computing devices to perform a multi-cloud framework method, comprising:
storing data in at least one server corresponding to at least one cloud storage provider; providing an application on a computing device connected to the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider, the computing device including an application configured to access the data stored on the at least one server corresponding to the at least one cloud storage provider; intermediating, with at least one gateway, exchange of the data between the application on the computing device and the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider; and managing, by a central server, the at least one gateway to allow or deny access to the data stored on the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider using at least one virtual storage bucket on the gateway, the at least one virtual storage bucket being configured to set policies governing access to the data for the application on the computing device. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 15, further comprising, when the data is requested by the application on the computing device, storing, by the gateway, the data from the at least one server of the at least once cloud storage provider in the virtual bucket in accordance with the policies governing access to the data. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 16, further comprising sending, by the gateway, the data stored in the virtual bucket to the application on the computing device in accordance with the policies governing access to the data. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 15, wherein the virtual bucket prevents details of the application from being passed to the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 18, wherein the virtual bucket prevents details of the at least one server of the at least one cloud storage provider from being passed to the application on the computing device. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 15, wherein the gateway includes a plurality of virtual buckets, each corresponding to a different computing device. 21. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 20, wherein each of the plurality of virtual buckets applies different policies for governing access to data communicated therethrough. | 1,700 |
346,797 | 16,805,273 | 1,764 | A brake controller in a vehicle determines braking profiles that may be exercised while operating the vehicle in autonomous or semi-autonomous conditions to decelerate the vehicle based on received commands or that may be exercised automatically in the event of a failure in a communication network of the vehicle or in other systems or components of the vehicle. The braking profiles decelerate the vehicle according to a deceleration profile. The execution of the deceleration profile may be initiated by a single command message received by the brake controller or it may be determined by the brake controller based on vehicle information. A safe state deceleration profile may be preselected by the controlling devices before the occurrence of a failure or an emergency situation, and then executed by the brake controller upon the occurrence of a failure or emergency. | 1. A brake controller controlling a braking operation of a braking system of an associated vehicle in response to External Brake Request (XBR) deceleration demands received from an associated XBR controlling device, the brake controller comprising:
a network interface unit in operative communication with the associated XBR controlling device via an associated control network of the associated vehicle, the network interface unit selectively receiving a first XBR deceleration profile selection message from the associated XBR controlling device via the associated control network; an output circuit operatively coupled with a braking system of the associated vehicle, the output circuit being operative to receive deceleration command data representative of a deceleration command value and to generate a brake command signal corresponding to the deceleration command value on an output of the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation at the deceleration command value; and a brake control unit operatively coupled with the network interface unit and the output circuit, the brake control unit comprising:
a processor;
a memory device storing a first braking control profile comprising first deceleration profile data representative of a first deceleration profile value; and
brake control logic stored in the memory device, the brake control logic being executable by the processor to, responsive to the network interface unit receiving the first XBR deceleration profile selection message:
decode the first XBR deceleration profile selection message to determine a first braking profile selection signal selecting the first braking control profile by the first XBR deceleration profile selection message; and
communicate the first deceleration profile data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first deceleration profile value for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first braking control profile. 2. The brake controller according to claim 1, wherein:
the first braking control profile stored in the memory device comprises ramp-in data representative of a maximum rate of deceleration change for initiating the first braking control profile by the brake control logic relative to a braking control currently being executed by the brake control logic; the brake control logic communicates the first deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by:
adjusting the braking control currently being executed in increments of the ramp-in data, communicating the adjusted braking control currently being executed to the output circuit as the deceleration command data until the adjusted braking control currently being executed matches the first deceleration data, then communicating the second deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data. 3. The brake controller according to claim 1, wherein:
the first braking control profile stored in the memory device of the brake control unit comprises:
a first set of deceleration data paired with execution time data comprising:
a first plurality of deceleration data representative of a first plurality of deceleration values paired with a first plurality of execution time increment data representative of a first plurality of execution time increments;
the brake control logic stored in the memory device of the brake control unit is executable by the processor to, responsive to the network interface unit receiving the first XBR deceleration profile selection message:
communicate the first deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the first plurality of deceleration data at the first plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first plurality of deceleration values at the first plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first braking control profile. 4. The brake controller according to claim 3, wherein:
the memory device of the brake control unit stores:
a second braking control profile comprising a second set of deceleration data paired with execution time data comprising:
a second plurality of deceleration data representative of a second plurality of deceleration values paired with a second plurality of execution time increment data representative of a second plurality of execution time increments;
the brake control logic is executable by the processor to, responsive to the network interface unit receiving a second XBR deceleration profile selection message:
decode the second XBR deceleration profile selection message to determine a second braking profile selection signal selecting the second braking control profile by the second deceleration trigger message; and
communicate the second deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the second plurality of deceleration data at the second plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the second plurality of deceleration values at the second plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the second braking control profile. 5. The brake controller according to claim 4, wherein:
the first braking control profile stored in the memory device comprises a first priority value; the second braking control profile stored in the memory device comprises a second priority value; the memory device of the brake control unit stores arbitration logic executable by the processor to determine a rank between the first and second priority values; and the brake control logic is executable by the processor to:
responsive to the arbitration logic determining the first priority value being ranked above the second priority value, communicate the first deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, or
responsive to the arbitration logic determining the second priority value being ranked above the first priority value, communicate the second deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data. 6. A brake controller controlling a braking operation of a braking system of an associated vehicle in response to External Brake Request (XBR) deceleration demands received from an associated XBR controlling device, the brake controller comprising:
a network interface unit in operative communication with the associated XBR controlling device via an associated control network of the associated vehicle, the network interface unit selectively receiving a first safe state deceleration profile selection message from the associated XBR controlling device via the associated control network; an output circuit operatively coupled with a braking system of the associated vehicle, the output circuit being operative to receive deceleration command data representative of a deceleration command value and to generate a brake command signal corresponding to the deceleration command value on an output of the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation at the deceleration command value; and a brake control unit operatively coupled with the network interface unit and the output circuit, the brake control unit comprising:
a memory device storing a first safe state braking control profile comprising first safe state braking control profile data representative of a first safe state braking control profile value;
a processor;
braking system fault logic stored in the memory device, the braking system fault logic being executable by the processor to determine a fault in the associated vehicle; and
brake control logic stored in the memory device, the brake control logic being executable by the processor to, responsive to the network interface unit receiving the first safe state deceleration profile selection message:
decode the first safe state deceleration profile selection message to determine a first safe state braking profile selection signal selecting the first safe state braking control profile by the first safe state deceleration profile selection message; and
queue in the memory device the first safe state braking control profile selected by the first safe state braking profile selection signal;
wherein the brake control logic is operable to:
responsive to the braking system fault logic determining the fault in the associated vehicle, communicate the first deceleration data of the first safe state braking control profile queued in the memory device to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first safe state braking control profile value on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first safe state braking control profile. 7. The brake controller according to claim 6, wherein:
the first braking control profile stored in the memory device comprises ramp-in data representative of a maximum rate of deceleration change for initiating the first braking control profile by the brake control logic relative to a braking control currently being executed by the brake control logic; the brake control logic communicates the first deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by:
adjusting the braking control currently being executed in increments of the ramp-in data, communicating the adjusted braking control currently being executed to the output circuit as the deceleration command data until the adjusted braking control currently being executed matches the first deceleration data, then communicating the second deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data. 8. The brake controller according to claim 6, wherein:
the first safe state braking control profile stored in the memory device of the brake control unit comprises:
a first set of deceleration data paired with execution time data comprising:
a first plurality of deceleration data representative of a first plurality of deceleration values paired with a first plurality of execution time increment data representative of a first plurality of execution time increments; and
the brake control logic stored in the memory device of the brake control unit is operable to:
responsive to the braking system fault logic determining the fault in the associated vehicle, communicate the first deceleration data of the first safe state braking control profile queued in the memory device to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the first plurality of deceleration data at the first plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first plurality of deceleration values at the first plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first braking control profile. 9. The brake controller according to claim 8, wherein:
the memory device of the brake control unit stores:
a second braking control profile comprising a second set of deceleration data paired with execution time data comprising:
a second plurality of deceleration data representative of a second plurality of deceleration values paired with a second plurality of execution time increment data representative of a second plurality of execution time increments;
the brake control logic is executable by the processor to, responsive to the network interface unit receiving a second safe state deceleration profile selection message:
decode the second safe state deceleration profile selection message to determine a second braking profile selection signal selecting the second braking control profile by the second deceleration trigger message; and
communicate the second deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the second plurality of deceleration data at the second plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the second plurality of deceleration values at the second plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the second braking control profile. 10. The brake controller according to claim 9, wherein:
the first braking control profile stored in the memory device comprises a first priority value; the second braking control profile stored in the memory device comprises a second priority value; the memory device of the brake control unit stores arbitration logic executable by the processor to determine a rank between the first and second priority values; and the brake control logic is executable by the processor to:
responsive to the arbitration logic determining the first priority value being ranked above the second priority value, communicate the first deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, or
responsive to the arbitration logic determining the second priority value being ranked above the first priority value, communicate the second deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data. 11. A brake controller controlling a braking operation of a braking system of an associated vehicle in response to External Brake Request (XBR) deceleration demands received from an associated XBR controlling device, the brake controller comprising:
a network interface unit in operative communication with the associated XBR controlling device via an associated control network of the associated vehicle, the network interface unit selectively receiving a first XBR deceleration command message from the associated XBR controlling device via the associated control network, the first XBR deceleration command message comprising first XBR deceleration command data representative of a first XBR deceleration command value for decelerating the associated vehicle; an output circuit operatively coupled with a braking system of the associated vehicle, the output circuit being operative to receive deceleration command data representative of a deceleration command value and to generate a brake command signal corresponding to the deceleration command value on an output of the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation at the deceleration command value; and a brake control unit operatively coupled with the network interface unit and the output circuit, the brake control unit comprising:
a processor;
a memory device operatively coupled with the processor;
vehicle information logic stored in the memory device, the vehicle information logic being executable by the processor to determine first operational information of the associated vehicle;
braking system fault logic stored in the memory device, the braking system fault logic being executable by the processor to selectively determine a fault condition in the associated vehicle based on a fault occurring in the associated vehicle; and
brake control logic stored in the memory device, the brake control logic being executable by the processor to:
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit not determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle:
communicate the first XBR deceleration command data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first XBR deceleration command value on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation, or
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle:
based on the first operational information of the associated vehicle determined by the vehicle information logic, determine a first safe state braking control profile comprising first safe state braking control profile data representative of a first safe state braking control profile value for decelerating the associated vehicle; and
communicate the first safe state braking control profile data of the first safe state braking control profile to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first safe state braking control profile value on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the determined first safe state braking control profile. 12. The brake controller according to claim 11, wherein:
the vehicle information logic is executable by the processor to determine one or more of a current level of XBR controlled braking, a current speed of the vehicle, a distance to the forward vehicle, ABS/WSS health, a forward velocity relative to a vehicle forward to the vehicle of the brake controller, a current level of ABS activity, ADAS health, ESP activity as the first operational information of the associated vehicle. 13. The brake controller according to claim 11, wherein:
the vehicle information logic is executable by the processor to determine second operational information of the associated vehicle; the brake control logic is executable by the processor to:
after communicating the first safe state braking control profile data of the first safe state braking control profile to the output circuit as the deceleration command data:
based on a value of the second operational information of the associated vehicle determined by the vehicle information logic, selectively communicate first safe state braking control profile termination data representative of a deceleration termination command value for terminating deceleration of the associated vehicle to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates a null brake command signal corresponding to the deceleration termination command value on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to terminate the braking operation. 14. The brake controller according to claim 13, wherein:
the vehicle information logic is executable by the processor to determine a current level of XBR controlled braking as the first operational information of the associated vehicle; and the vehicle information logic is executable by the processor to determine as the second operational information of the associated vehicle one or more of:
a reduction in speed of the associated vehicle relative to a predetermined speed reduction threshold;
a speed of the associated vehicle relative to a predetermined vehicle speed threshold;
a driver override of the brake controller;
a distance to an associated forward vehicle forward of the associated vehicle relative to a predetermined forward distance threshold; and/or
a magnitude of relative velocity between the associated vehicle and the associated forward vehicle relative to a predetermined relative velocity threshold. 15. The brake controller according to claim 14, wherein:
the brake control logic is executable by the processor to, responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle, determine the current level of XBR controlled braking to be the first safe state braking control profile. 16. The controller according to claim 11, wherein:
the memory device of the brake control unit stores:
a first safe state braking control profile comprising a first set of deceleration data paired with execution time data comprising:
a first plurality of deceleration data representative of a first plurality of deceleration values paired with a first plurality of execution time increment data representative of a first plurality of execution time increments;
the brake control logic is executable by the processor to:
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle, selecting the first safe state braking control profile based on the first operational information of the associated vehicle determined by the vehicle information logic, and communicate the first deceleration data of the first safe state braking control profile queued in the memory device to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the first plurality of deceleration data at the first plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first plurality of deceleration values at the first plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first braking control profile. 17. The brake controller according to claim 16, wherein:
the vehicle information logic is executable by the processor to determine a current level of XBR braking as the first operational information of the associated vehicle; and the brake control logic is executable by the processor to:
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit not determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle, communicate the first XBR deceleration command data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first XBR deceleration command value on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation, or
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle, selecting the first safe state braking control profile based on the current level of XBR braking determined by the vehicle information logic, and communicate the first deceleration data of the first safe state braking control profile queued in the memory device to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the first plurality of deceleration data at the first plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first plurality of deceleration values at the first plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first braking control profile. 18. The brake controller according to claim 16 wherein:
the vehicle information logic is executable by the processor to determine one or more of a level of XBR controlled braking, a current speed of the vehicle, a distance to the forward vehicle, ABS/WSS health, a forward velocity relative to a vehicle forward to the vehicle of the brake controller, a current level of ABS activity, ADAS health, ESP activity as the first operational information of the associated vehicle; and
the brake control logic is executable by the processor to:
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit not determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle, communicate the first XBR deceleration command data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first XBR deceleration command value on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation, or
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle, selecting the first safe state braking control profile based on the one or more of a level of XBR controlled braking, a current speed of the vehicle, a distance to the forward vehicle, ABS/WSS health, a forward velocity relative to a vehicle forward to the vehicle of the brake controller 250, a current level of ABS activity, ADAS health, ESP activity determined by the vehicle information logic, and communicate the first deceleration data of the first safe state braking control profile queued in the memory device to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the first plurality of deceleration data at the first plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first plurality of deceleration values at the first plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first braking control profile. 19. The brake controller according to claim 16, wherein:
the memory device of the brake control unit stores:
a second braking control profile comprising a second set of deceleration data paired with execution time data comprising:
a second plurality of deceleration data representative of a second plurality of deceleration values paired with a second plurality of execution time increment data representative of a second plurality of execution time increments;
the vehicle information logic is executable by the processor to determine a current level of XBR braking as the first operational information of the associated vehicle; and the brake control logic is executable by the processor to:
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit not determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle, communicate the first XBR deceleration command data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first XBR deceleration command value on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation, or
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle:
selecting the first safe state braking control profile based on a first current level of XBR braking determined by the vehicle information logic, and communicate the first deceleration data of the first safe state braking control profile queued in the memory device to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the first plurality of deceleration data at the first plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first plurality of deceleration values at the first plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first braking control profile, or
selecting the second safe state braking control profile based on a second current level of XBR braking determined by the vehicle information logic, and communicate the second deceleration data of the second safe state braking control profile queued in the memory device to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the second plurality of deceleration data at the second plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the second plurality of deceleration values at the second plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the second braking control profile. | A brake controller in a vehicle determines braking profiles that may be exercised while operating the vehicle in autonomous or semi-autonomous conditions to decelerate the vehicle based on received commands or that may be exercised automatically in the event of a failure in a communication network of the vehicle or in other systems or components of the vehicle. The braking profiles decelerate the vehicle according to a deceleration profile. The execution of the deceleration profile may be initiated by a single command message received by the brake controller or it may be determined by the brake controller based on vehicle information. A safe state deceleration profile may be preselected by the controlling devices before the occurrence of a failure or an emergency situation, and then executed by the brake controller upon the occurrence of a failure or emergency.1. A brake controller controlling a braking operation of a braking system of an associated vehicle in response to External Brake Request (XBR) deceleration demands received from an associated XBR controlling device, the brake controller comprising:
a network interface unit in operative communication with the associated XBR controlling device via an associated control network of the associated vehicle, the network interface unit selectively receiving a first XBR deceleration profile selection message from the associated XBR controlling device via the associated control network; an output circuit operatively coupled with a braking system of the associated vehicle, the output circuit being operative to receive deceleration command data representative of a deceleration command value and to generate a brake command signal corresponding to the deceleration command value on an output of the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation at the deceleration command value; and a brake control unit operatively coupled with the network interface unit and the output circuit, the brake control unit comprising:
a processor;
a memory device storing a first braking control profile comprising first deceleration profile data representative of a first deceleration profile value; and
brake control logic stored in the memory device, the brake control logic being executable by the processor to, responsive to the network interface unit receiving the first XBR deceleration profile selection message:
decode the first XBR deceleration profile selection message to determine a first braking profile selection signal selecting the first braking control profile by the first XBR deceleration profile selection message; and
communicate the first deceleration profile data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first deceleration profile value for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first braking control profile. 2. The brake controller according to claim 1, wherein:
the first braking control profile stored in the memory device comprises ramp-in data representative of a maximum rate of deceleration change for initiating the first braking control profile by the brake control logic relative to a braking control currently being executed by the brake control logic; the brake control logic communicates the first deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by:
adjusting the braking control currently being executed in increments of the ramp-in data, communicating the adjusted braking control currently being executed to the output circuit as the deceleration command data until the adjusted braking control currently being executed matches the first deceleration data, then communicating the second deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data. 3. The brake controller according to claim 1, wherein:
the first braking control profile stored in the memory device of the brake control unit comprises:
a first set of deceleration data paired with execution time data comprising:
a first plurality of deceleration data representative of a first plurality of deceleration values paired with a first plurality of execution time increment data representative of a first plurality of execution time increments;
the brake control logic stored in the memory device of the brake control unit is executable by the processor to, responsive to the network interface unit receiving the first XBR deceleration profile selection message:
communicate the first deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the first plurality of deceleration data at the first plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first plurality of deceleration values at the first plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first braking control profile. 4. The brake controller according to claim 3, wherein:
the memory device of the brake control unit stores:
a second braking control profile comprising a second set of deceleration data paired with execution time data comprising:
a second plurality of deceleration data representative of a second plurality of deceleration values paired with a second plurality of execution time increment data representative of a second plurality of execution time increments;
the brake control logic is executable by the processor to, responsive to the network interface unit receiving a second XBR deceleration profile selection message:
decode the second XBR deceleration profile selection message to determine a second braking profile selection signal selecting the second braking control profile by the second deceleration trigger message; and
communicate the second deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the second plurality of deceleration data at the second plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the second plurality of deceleration values at the second plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the second braking control profile. 5. The brake controller according to claim 4, wherein:
the first braking control profile stored in the memory device comprises a first priority value; the second braking control profile stored in the memory device comprises a second priority value; the memory device of the brake control unit stores arbitration logic executable by the processor to determine a rank between the first and second priority values; and the brake control logic is executable by the processor to:
responsive to the arbitration logic determining the first priority value being ranked above the second priority value, communicate the first deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, or
responsive to the arbitration logic determining the second priority value being ranked above the first priority value, communicate the second deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data. 6. A brake controller controlling a braking operation of a braking system of an associated vehicle in response to External Brake Request (XBR) deceleration demands received from an associated XBR controlling device, the brake controller comprising:
a network interface unit in operative communication with the associated XBR controlling device via an associated control network of the associated vehicle, the network interface unit selectively receiving a first safe state deceleration profile selection message from the associated XBR controlling device via the associated control network; an output circuit operatively coupled with a braking system of the associated vehicle, the output circuit being operative to receive deceleration command data representative of a deceleration command value and to generate a brake command signal corresponding to the deceleration command value on an output of the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation at the deceleration command value; and a brake control unit operatively coupled with the network interface unit and the output circuit, the brake control unit comprising:
a memory device storing a first safe state braking control profile comprising first safe state braking control profile data representative of a first safe state braking control profile value;
a processor;
braking system fault logic stored in the memory device, the braking system fault logic being executable by the processor to determine a fault in the associated vehicle; and
brake control logic stored in the memory device, the brake control logic being executable by the processor to, responsive to the network interface unit receiving the first safe state deceleration profile selection message:
decode the first safe state deceleration profile selection message to determine a first safe state braking profile selection signal selecting the first safe state braking control profile by the first safe state deceleration profile selection message; and
queue in the memory device the first safe state braking control profile selected by the first safe state braking profile selection signal;
wherein the brake control logic is operable to:
responsive to the braking system fault logic determining the fault in the associated vehicle, communicate the first deceleration data of the first safe state braking control profile queued in the memory device to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first safe state braking control profile value on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first safe state braking control profile. 7. The brake controller according to claim 6, wherein:
the first braking control profile stored in the memory device comprises ramp-in data representative of a maximum rate of deceleration change for initiating the first braking control profile by the brake control logic relative to a braking control currently being executed by the brake control logic; the brake control logic communicates the first deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by:
adjusting the braking control currently being executed in increments of the ramp-in data, communicating the adjusted braking control currently being executed to the output circuit as the deceleration command data until the adjusted braking control currently being executed matches the first deceleration data, then communicating the second deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data. 8. The brake controller according to claim 6, wherein:
the first safe state braking control profile stored in the memory device of the brake control unit comprises:
a first set of deceleration data paired with execution time data comprising:
a first plurality of deceleration data representative of a first plurality of deceleration values paired with a first plurality of execution time increment data representative of a first plurality of execution time increments; and
the brake control logic stored in the memory device of the brake control unit is operable to:
responsive to the braking system fault logic determining the fault in the associated vehicle, communicate the first deceleration data of the first safe state braking control profile queued in the memory device to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the first plurality of deceleration data at the first plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first plurality of deceleration values at the first plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first braking control profile. 9. The brake controller according to claim 8, wherein:
the memory device of the brake control unit stores:
a second braking control profile comprising a second set of deceleration data paired with execution time data comprising:
a second plurality of deceleration data representative of a second plurality of deceleration values paired with a second plurality of execution time increment data representative of a second plurality of execution time increments;
the brake control logic is executable by the processor to, responsive to the network interface unit receiving a second safe state deceleration profile selection message:
decode the second safe state deceleration profile selection message to determine a second braking profile selection signal selecting the second braking control profile by the second deceleration trigger message; and
communicate the second deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the second plurality of deceleration data at the second plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the second plurality of deceleration values at the second plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the second braking control profile. 10. The brake controller according to claim 9, wherein:
the first braking control profile stored in the memory device comprises a first priority value; the second braking control profile stored in the memory device comprises a second priority value; the memory device of the brake control unit stores arbitration logic executable by the processor to determine a rank between the first and second priority values; and the brake control logic is executable by the processor to:
responsive to the arbitration logic determining the first priority value being ranked above the second priority value, communicate the first deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, or
responsive to the arbitration logic determining the second priority value being ranked above the first priority value, communicate the second deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data. 11. A brake controller controlling a braking operation of a braking system of an associated vehicle in response to External Brake Request (XBR) deceleration demands received from an associated XBR controlling device, the brake controller comprising:
a network interface unit in operative communication with the associated XBR controlling device via an associated control network of the associated vehicle, the network interface unit selectively receiving a first XBR deceleration command message from the associated XBR controlling device via the associated control network, the first XBR deceleration command message comprising first XBR deceleration command data representative of a first XBR deceleration command value for decelerating the associated vehicle; an output circuit operatively coupled with a braking system of the associated vehicle, the output circuit being operative to receive deceleration command data representative of a deceleration command value and to generate a brake command signal corresponding to the deceleration command value on an output of the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation at the deceleration command value; and a brake control unit operatively coupled with the network interface unit and the output circuit, the brake control unit comprising:
a processor;
a memory device operatively coupled with the processor;
vehicle information logic stored in the memory device, the vehicle information logic being executable by the processor to determine first operational information of the associated vehicle;
braking system fault logic stored in the memory device, the braking system fault logic being executable by the processor to selectively determine a fault condition in the associated vehicle based on a fault occurring in the associated vehicle; and
brake control logic stored in the memory device, the brake control logic being executable by the processor to:
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit not determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle:
communicate the first XBR deceleration command data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first XBR deceleration command value on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation, or
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle:
based on the first operational information of the associated vehicle determined by the vehicle information logic, determine a first safe state braking control profile comprising first safe state braking control profile data representative of a first safe state braking control profile value for decelerating the associated vehicle; and
communicate the first safe state braking control profile data of the first safe state braking control profile to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first safe state braking control profile value on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the determined first safe state braking control profile. 12. The brake controller according to claim 11, wherein:
the vehicle information logic is executable by the processor to determine one or more of a current level of XBR controlled braking, a current speed of the vehicle, a distance to the forward vehicle, ABS/WSS health, a forward velocity relative to a vehicle forward to the vehicle of the brake controller, a current level of ABS activity, ADAS health, ESP activity as the first operational information of the associated vehicle. 13. The brake controller according to claim 11, wherein:
the vehicle information logic is executable by the processor to determine second operational information of the associated vehicle; the brake control logic is executable by the processor to:
after communicating the first safe state braking control profile data of the first safe state braking control profile to the output circuit as the deceleration command data:
based on a value of the second operational information of the associated vehicle determined by the vehicle information logic, selectively communicate first safe state braking control profile termination data representative of a deceleration termination command value for terminating deceleration of the associated vehicle to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates a null brake command signal corresponding to the deceleration termination command value on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to terminate the braking operation. 14. The brake controller according to claim 13, wherein:
the vehicle information logic is executable by the processor to determine a current level of XBR controlled braking as the first operational information of the associated vehicle; and the vehicle information logic is executable by the processor to determine as the second operational information of the associated vehicle one or more of:
a reduction in speed of the associated vehicle relative to a predetermined speed reduction threshold;
a speed of the associated vehicle relative to a predetermined vehicle speed threshold;
a driver override of the brake controller;
a distance to an associated forward vehicle forward of the associated vehicle relative to a predetermined forward distance threshold; and/or
a magnitude of relative velocity between the associated vehicle and the associated forward vehicle relative to a predetermined relative velocity threshold. 15. The brake controller according to claim 14, wherein:
the brake control logic is executable by the processor to, responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle, determine the current level of XBR controlled braking to be the first safe state braking control profile. 16. The controller according to claim 11, wherein:
the memory device of the brake control unit stores:
a first safe state braking control profile comprising a first set of deceleration data paired with execution time data comprising:
a first plurality of deceleration data representative of a first plurality of deceleration values paired with a first plurality of execution time increment data representative of a first plurality of execution time increments;
the brake control logic is executable by the processor to:
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle, selecting the first safe state braking control profile based on the first operational information of the associated vehicle determined by the vehicle information logic, and communicate the first deceleration data of the first safe state braking control profile queued in the memory device to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the first plurality of deceleration data at the first plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first plurality of deceleration values at the first plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first braking control profile. 17. The brake controller according to claim 16, wherein:
the vehicle information logic is executable by the processor to determine a current level of XBR braking as the first operational information of the associated vehicle; and the brake control logic is executable by the processor to:
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit not determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle, communicate the first XBR deceleration command data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first XBR deceleration command value on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation, or
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle, selecting the first safe state braking control profile based on the current level of XBR braking determined by the vehicle information logic, and communicate the first deceleration data of the first safe state braking control profile queued in the memory device to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the first plurality of deceleration data at the first plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first plurality of deceleration values at the first plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first braking control profile. 18. The brake controller according to claim 16 wherein:
the vehicle information logic is executable by the processor to determine one or more of a level of XBR controlled braking, a current speed of the vehicle, a distance to the forward vehicle, ABS/WSS health, a forward velocity relative to a vehicle forward to the vehicle of the brake controller, a current level of ABS activity, ADAS health, ESP activity as the first operational information of the associated vehicle; and
the brake control logic is executable by the processor to:
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit not determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle, communicate the first XBR deceleration command data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first XBR deceleration command value on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation, or
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle, selecting the first safe state braking control profile based on the one or more of a level of XBR controlled braking, a current speed of the vehicle, a distance to the forward vehicle, ABS/WSS health, a forward velocity relative to a vehicle forward to the vehicle of the brake controller 250, a current level of ABS activity, ADAS health, ESP activity determined by the vehicle information logic, and communicate the first deceleration data of the first safe state braking control profile queued in the memory device to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the first plurality of deceleration data at the first plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first plurality of deceleration values at the first plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first braking control profile. 19. The brake controller according to claim 16, wherein:
the memory device of the brake control unit stores:
a second braking control profile comprising a second set of deceleration data paired with execution time data comprising:
a second plurality of deceleration data representative of a second plurality of deceleration values paired with a second plurality of execution time increment data representative of a second plurality of execution time increments;
the vehicle information logic is executable by the processor to determine a current level of XBR braking as the first operational information of the associated vehicle; and the brake control logic is executable by the processor to:
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit not determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle, communicate the first XBR deceleration command data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first XBR deceleration command value on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation, or
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle:
selecting the first safe state braking control profile based on a first current level of XBR braking determined by the vehicle information logic, and communicate the first deceleration data of the first safe state braking control profile queued in the memory device to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the first plurality of deceleration data at the first plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first plurality of deceleration values at the first plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first braking control profile, or
selecting the second safe state braking control profile based on a second current level of XBR braking determined by the vehicle information logic, and communicate the second deceleration data of the second safe state braking control profile queued in the memory device to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the second plurality of deceleration data at the second plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the second plurality of deceleration values at the second plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the second braking control profile. | 1,700 |
346,798 | 16,805,291 | 2,863 | A brake controller in a vehicle determines braking profiles that may be exercised while operating the vehicle in autonomous or semi-autonomous conditions to decelerate the vehicle based on received commands or that may be exercised automatically in the event of a failure in a communication network of the vehicle or in other systems or components of the vehicle. The braking profiles decelerate the vehicle according to a deceleration profile. The execution of the deceleration profile may be initiated by a single command message received by the brake controller or it may be determined by the brake controller based on vehicle information. A safe state deceleration profile may be preselected by the controlling devices before the occurrence of a failure or an emergency situation, and then executed by the brake controller upon the occurrence of a failure or emergency. | 1. A brake controller controlling a braking operation of a braking system of an associated vehicle in response to External Brake Request (XBR) deceleration demands received from an associated XBR controlling device, the brake controller comprising:
a network interface unit in operative communication with the associated XBR controlling device via an associated control network of the associated vehicle, the network interface unit selectively receiving a first XBR deceleration profile selection message from the associated XBR controlling device via the associated control network; an output circuit operatively coupled with a braking system of the associated vehicle, the output circuit being operative to receive deceleration command data representative of a deceleration command value and to generate a brake command signal corresponding to the deceleration command value on an output of the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation at the deceleration command value; and a brake control unit operatively coupled with the network interface unit and the output circuit, the brake control unit comprising:
a processor;
a memory device storing a first braking control profile comprising first deceleration profile data representative of a first deceleration profile value; and
brake control logic stored in the memory device, the brake control logic being executable by the processor to, responsive to the network interface unit receiving the first XBR deceleration profile selection message:
decode the first XBR deceleration profile selection message to determine a first braking profile selection signal selecting the first braking control profile by the first XBR deceleration profile selection message; and
communicate the first deceleration profile data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first deceleration profile value for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first braking control profile. 2. The brake controller according to claim 1, wherein:
the first braking control profile stored in the memory device comprises ramp-in data representative of a maximum rate of deceleration change for initiating the first braking control profile by the brake control logic relative to a braking control currently being executed by the brake control logic; the brake control logic communicates the first deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by:
adjusting the braking control currently being executed in increments of the ramp-in data, communicating the adjusted braking control currently being executed to the output circuit as the deceleration command data until the adjusted braking control currently being executed matches the first deceleration data, then communicating the second deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data. 3. The brake controller according to claim 1, wherein:
the first braking control profile stored in the memory device of the brake control unit comprises:
a first set of deceleration data paired with execution time data comprising:
a first plurality of deceleration data representative of a first plurality of deceleration values paired with a first plurality of execution time increment data representative of a first plurality of execution time increments;
the brake control logic stored in the memory device of the brake control unit is executable by the processor to, responsive to the network interface unit receiving the first XBR deceleration profile selection message:
communicate the first deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the first plurality of deceleration data at the first plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first plurality of deceleration values at the first plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first braking control profile. 4. The brake controller according to claim 3, wherein:
the memory device of the brake control unit stores:
a second braking control profile comprising a second set of deceleration data paired with execution time data comprising:
a second plurality of deceleration data representative of a second plurality of deceleration values paired with a second plurality of execution time increment data representative of a second plurality of execution time increments;
the brake control logic is executable by the processor to, responsive to the network interface unit receiving a second XBR deceleration profile selection message:
decode the second XBR deceleration profile selection message to determine a second braking profile selection signal selecting the second braking control profile by the second deceleration trigger message; and
communicate the second deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the second plurality of deceleration data at the second plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the second plurality of deceleration values at the second plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the second braking control profile. 5. The brake controller according to claim 4, wherein:
the first braking control profile stored in the memory device comprises a first priority value; the second braking control profile stored in the memory device comprises a second priority value; the memory device of the brake control unit stores arbitration logic executable by the processor to determine a rank between the first and second priority values; and the brake control logic is executable by the processor to:
responsive to the arbitration logic determining the first priority value being ranked above the second priority value, communicate the first deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, or
responsive to the arbitration logic determining the second priority value being ranked above the first priority value, communicate the second deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data. 6. A brake controller controlling a braking operation of a braking system of an associated vehicle in response to External Brake Request (XBR) deceleration demands received from an associated XBR controlling device, the brake controller comprising:
a network interface unit in operative communication with the associated XBR controlling device via an associated control network of the associated vehicle, the network interface unit selectively receiving a first safe state deceleration profile selection message from the associated XBR controlling device via the associated control network; an output circuit operatively coupled with a braking system of the associated vehicle, the output circuit being operative to receive deceleration command data representative of a deceleration command value and to generate a brake command signal corresponding to the deceleration command value on an output of the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation at the deceleration command value; and a brake control unit operatively coupled with the network interface unit and the output circuit, the brake control unit comprising:
a memory device storing a first safe state braking control profile comprising first safe state braking control profile data representative of a first safe state braking control profile value;
a processor;
braking system fault logic stored in the memory device, the braking system fault logic being executable by the processor to determine a fault in the associated vehicle; and
brake control logic stored in the memory device, the brake control logic being executable by the processor to, responsive to the network interface unit receiving the first safe state deceleration profile selection message:
decode the first safe state deceleration profile selection message to determine a first safe state braking profile selection signal selecting the first safe state braking control profile by the first safe state deceleration profile selection message; and
queue in the memory device the first safe state braking control profile selected by the first safe state braking profile selection signal;
wherein the brake control logic is operable to:
responsive to the braking system fault logic determining the fault in the associated vehicle, communicate the first deceleration data of the first safe state braking control profile queued in the memory device to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first safe state braking control profile value on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first safe state braking control profile. 7. The brake controller according to claim 6, wherein:
the first braking control profile stored in the memory device comprises ramp-in data representative of a maximum rate of deceleration change for initiating the first braking control profile by the brake control logic relative to a braking control currently being executed by the brake control logic; the brake control logic communicates the first deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by:
adjusting the braking control currently being executed in increments of the ramp-in data, communicating the adjusted braking control currently being executed to the output circuit as the deceleration command data until the adjusted braking control currently being executed matches the first deceleration data, then communicating the second deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data. 8. The brake controller according to claim 6, wherein:
the first safe state braking control profile stored in the memory device of the brake control unit comprises:
a first set of deceleration data paired with execution time data comprising:
a first plurality of deceleration data representative of a first plurality of deceleration values paired with a first plurality of execution time increment data representative of a first plurality of execution time increments; and
the brake control logic stored in the memory device of the brake control unit is operable to:
responsive to the braking system fault logic determining the fault in the associated vehicle, communicate the first deceleration data of the first safe state braking control profile queued in the memory device to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the first plurality of deceleration data at the first plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first plurality of deceleration values at the first plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first braking control profile. 9. The brake controller according to claim 8, wherein:
the memory device of the brake control unit stores:
a second braking control profile comprising a second set of deceleration data paired with execution time data comprising:
a second plurality of deceleration data representative of a second plurality of deceleration values paired with a second plurality of execution time increment data representative of a second plurality of execution time increments;
the brake control logic is executable by the processor to, responsive to the network interface unit receiving a second safe state deceleration profile selection message:
decode the second safe state deceleration profile selection message to determine a second braking profile selection signal selecting the second braking control profile by the second deceleration trigger message; and
communicate the second deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the second plurality of deceleration data at the second plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the second plurality of deceleration values at the second plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the second braking control profile. 10. The brake controller according to claim 9, wherein:
the first braking control profile stored in the memory device comprises a first priority value; the second braking control profile stored in the memory device comprises a second priority value; the memory device of the brake control unit stores arbitration logic executable by the processor to determine a rank between the first and second priority values; and the brake control logic is executable by the processor to:
responsive to the arbitration logic determining the first priority value being ranked above the second priority value, communicate the first deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, or
responsive to the arbitration logic determining the second priority value being ranked above the first priority value, communicate the second deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data. 11. A brake controller controlling a braking operation of a braking system of an associated vehicle in response to External Brake Request (XBR) deceleration demands received from an associated XBR controlling device, the brake controller comprising:
a network interface unit in operative communication with the associated XBR controlling device via an associated control network of the associated vehicle, the network interface unit selectively receiving a first XBR deceleration command message from the associated XBR controlling device via the associated control network, the first XBR deceleration command message comprising first XBR deceleration command data representative of a first XBR deceleration command value for decelerating the associated vehicle; an output circuit operatively coupled with a braking system of the associated vehicle, the output circuit being operative to receive deceleration command data representative of a deceleration command value and to generate a brake command signal corresponding to the deceleration command value on an output of the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation at the deceleration command value; and a brake control unit operatively coupled with the network interface unit and the output circuit, the brake control unit comprising:
a processor;
a memory device operatively coupled with the processor;
vehicle information logic stored in the memory device, the vehicle information logic being executable by the processor to determine first operational information of the associated vehicle;
braking system fault logic stored in the memory device, the braking system fault logic being executable by the processor to selectively determine a fault condition in the associated vehicle based on a fault occurring in the associated vehicle; and
brake control logic stored in the memory device, the brake control logic being executable by the processor to:
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit not determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle:
communicate the first XBR deceleration command data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first XBR deceleration command value on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation, or
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle:
based on the first operational information of the associated vehicle determined by the vehicle information logic, determine a first safe state braking control profile comprising first safe state braking control profile data representative of a first safe state braking control profile value for decelerating the associated vehicle; and
communicate the first safe state braking control profile data of the first safe state braking control profile to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first safe state braking control profile value on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the determined first safe state braking control profile. 12. The brake controller according to claim 11, wherein:
the vehicle information logic is executable by the processor to determine one or more of a current level of XBR controlled braking, a current speed of the vehicle, a distance to the forward vehicle, ABS/WSS health, a forward velocity relative to a vehicle forward to the vehicle of the brake controller, a current level of ABS activity, ADAS health, ESP activity as the first operational information of the associated vehicle. 13. The brake controller according to claim 11, wherein:
the vehicle information logic is executable by the processor to determine second operational information of the associated vehicle; the brake control logic is executable by the processor to:
after communicating the first safe state braking control profile data of the first safe state braking control profile to the output circuit as the deceleration command data:
based on a value of the second operational information of the associated vehicle determined by the vehicle information logic, selectively communicate first safe state braking control profile termination data representative of a deceleration termination command value for terminating deceleration of the associated vehicle to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates a null brake command signal corresponding to the deceleration termination command value on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to terminate the braking operation. 14. The brake controller according to claim 13, wherein:
the vehicle information logic is executable by the processor to determine a current level of XBR controlled braking as the first operational information of the associated vehicle; and the vehicle information logic is executable by the processor to determine as the second operational information of the associated vehicle one or more of:
a reduction in speed of the associated vehicle relative to a predetermined speed reduction threshold;
a speed of the associated vehicle relative to a predetermined vehicle speed threshold;
a driver override of the brake controller;
a distance to an associated forward vehicle forward of the associated vehicle relative to a predetermined forward distance threshold; and/or
a magnitude of relative velocity between the associated vehicle and the associated forward vehicle relative to a predetermined relative velocity threshold. 15. The brake controller according to claim 14, wherein:
the brake control logic is executable by the processor to, responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle, determine the current level of XBR controlled braking to be the first safe state braking control profile. 16. The controller according to claim 11, wherein:
the memory device of the brake control unit stores:
a first safe state braking control profile comprising a first set of deceleration data paired with execution time data comprising:
a first plurality of deceleration data representative of a first plurality of deceleration values paired with a first plurality of execution time increment data representative of a first plurality of execution time increments;
the brake control logic is executable by the processor to:
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle, selecting the first safe state braking control profile based on the first operational information of the associated vehicle determined by the vehicle information logic, and communicate the first deceleration data of the first safe state braking control profile queued in the memory device to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the first plurality of deceleration data at the first plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first plurality of deceleration values at the first plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first braking control profile. 17. The brake controller according to claim 16, wherein:
the vehicle information logic is executable by the processor to determine a current level of XBR braking as the first operational information of the associated vehicle; and the brake control logic is executable by the processor to:
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit not determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle, communicate the first XBR deceleration command data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first XBR deceleration command value on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation, or
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle, selecting the first safe state braking control profile based on the current level of XBR braking determined by the vehicle information logic, and communicate the first deceleration data of the first safe state braking control profile queued in the memory device to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the first plurality of deceleration data at the first plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first plurality of deceleration values at the first plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first braking control profile. 18. The brake controller according to claim 16 wherein:
the vehicle information logic is executable by the processor to determine one or more of a level of XBR controlled braking, a current speed of the vehicle, a distance to the forward vehicle, ABS/WSS health, a forward velocity relative to a vehicle forward to the vehicle of the brake controller, a current level of ABS activity, ADAS health, ESP activity as the first operational information of the associated vehicle; and
the brake control logic is executable by the processor to:
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit not determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle, communicate the first XBR deceleration command data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first XBR deceleration command value on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation, or
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle, selecting the first safe state braking control profile based on the one or more of a level of XBR controlled braking, a current speed of the vehicle, a distance to the forward vehicle, ABS/WSS health, a forward velocity relative to a vehicle forward to the vehicle of the brake controller 250, a current level of ABS activity, ADAS health, ESP activity determined by the vehicle information logic, and communicate the first deceleration data of the first safe state braking control profile queued in the memory device to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the first plurality of deceleration data at the first plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first plurality of deceleration values at the first plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first braking control profile. 19. The brake controller according to claim 16, wherein:
the memory device of the brake control unit stores:
a second braking control profile comprising a second set of deceleration data paired with execution time data comprising:
a second plurality of deceleration data representative of a second plurality of deceleration values paired with a second plurality of execution time increment data representative of a second plurality of execution time increments;
the vehicle information logic is executable by the processor to determine a current level of XBR braking as the first operational information of the associated vehicle; and the brake control logic is executable by the processor to:
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit not determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle, communicate the first XBR deceleration command data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first XBR deceleration command value on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation, or
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle:
selecting the first safe state braking control profile based on a first current level of XBR braking determined by the vehicle information logic, and communicate the first deceleration data of the first safe state braking control profile queued in the memory device to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the first plurality of deceleration data at the first plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first plurality of deceleration values at the first plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first braking control profile, or
selecting the second safe state braking control profile based on a second current level of XBR braking determined by the vehicle information logic, and communicate the second deceleration data of the second safe state braking control profile queued in the memory device to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the second plurality of deceleration data at the second plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the second plurality of deceleration values at the second plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the second braking control profile. | A brake controller in a vehicle determines braking profiles that may be exercised while operating the vehicle in autonomous or semi-autonomous conditions to decelerate the vehicle based on received commands or that may be exercised automatically in the event of a failure in a communication network of the vehicle or in other systems or components of the vehicle. The braking profiles decelerate the vehicle according to a deceleration profile. The execution of the deceleration profile may be initiated by a single command message received by the brake controller or it may be determined by the brake controller based on vehicle information. A safe state deceleration profile may be preselected by the controlling devices before the occurrence of a failure or an emergency situation, and then executed by the brake controller upon the occurrence of a failure or emergency.1. A brake controller controlling a braking operation of a braking system of an associated vehicle in response to External Brake Request (XBR) deceleration demands received from an associated XBR controlling device, the brake controller comprising:
a network interface unit in operative communication with the associated XBR controlling device via an associated control network of the associated vehicle, the network interface unit selectively receiving a first XBR deceleration profile selection message from the associated XBR controlling device via the associated control network; an output circuit operatively coupled with a braking system of the associated vehicle, the output circuit being operative to receive deceleration command data representative of a deceleration command value and to generate a brake command signal corresponding to the deceleration command value on an output of the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation at the deceleration command value; and a brake control unit operatively coupled with the network interface unit and the output circuit, the brake control unit comprising:
a processor;
a memory device storing a first braking control profile comprising first deceleration profile data representative of a first deceleration profile value; and
brake control logic stored in the memory device, the brake control logic being executable by the processor to, responsive to the network interface unit receiving the first XBR deceleration profile selection message:
decode the first XBR deceleration profile selection message to determine a first braking profile selection signal selecting the first braking control profile by the first XBR deceleration profile selection message; and
communicate the first deceleration profile data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first deceleration profile value for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first braking control profile. 2. The brake controller according to claim 1, wherein:
the first braking control profile stored in the memory device comprises ramp-in data representative of a maximum rate of deceleration change for initiating the first braking control profile by the brake control logic relative to a braking control currently being executed by the brake control logic; the brake control logic communicates the first deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by:
adjusting the braking control currently being executed in increments of the ramp-in data, communicating the adjusted braking control currently being executed to the output circuit as the deceleration command data until the adjusted braking control currently being executed matches the first deceleration data, then communicating the second deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data. 3. The brake controller according to claim 1, wherein:
the first braking control profile stored in the memory device of the brake control unit comprises:
a first set of deceleration data paired with execution time data comprising:
a first plurality of deceleration data representative of a first plurality of deceleration values paired with a first plurality of execution time increment data representative of a first plurality of execution time increments;
the brake control logic stored in the memory device of the brake control unit is executable by the processor to, responsive to the network interface unit receiving the first XBR deceleration profile selection message:
communicate the first deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the first plurality of deceleration data at the first plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first plurality of deceleration values at the first plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first braking control profile. 4. The brake controller according to claim 3, wherein:
the memory device of the brake control unit stores:
a second braking control profile comprising a second set of deceleration data paired with execution time data comprising:
a second plurality of deceleration data representative of a second plurality of deceleration values paired with a second plurality of execution time increment data representative of a second plurality of execution time increments;
the brake control logic is executable by the processor to, responsive to the network interface unit receiving a second XBR deceleration profile selection message:
decode the second XBR deceleration profile selection message to determine a second braking profile selection signal selecting the second braking control profile by the second deceleration trigger message; and
communicate the second deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the second plurality of deceleration data at the second plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the second plurality of deceleration values at the second plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the second braking control profile. 5. The brake controller according to claim 4, wherein:
the first braking control profile stored in the memory device comprises a first priority value; the second braking control profile stored in the memory device comprises a second priority value; the memory device of the brake control unit stores arbitration logic executable by the processor to determine a rank between the first and second priority values; and the brake control logic is executable by the processor to:
responsive to the arbitration logic determining the first priority value being ranked above the second priority value, communicate the first deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, or
responsive to the arbitration logic determining the second priority value being ranked above the first priority value, communicate the second deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data. 6. A brake controller controlling a braking operation of a braking system of an associated vehicle in response to External Brake Request (XBR) deceleration demands received from an associated XBR controlling device, the brake controller comprising:
a network interface unit in operative communication with the associated XBR controlling device via an associated control network of the associated vehicle, the network interface unit selectively receiving a first safe state deceleration profile selection message from the associated XBR controlling device via the associated control network; an output circuit operatively coupled with a braking system of the associated vehicle, the output circuit being operative to receive deceleration command data representative of a deceleration command value and to generate a brake command signal corresponding to the deceleration command value on an output of the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation at the deceleration command value; and a brake control unit operatively coupled with the network interface unit and the output circuit, the brake control unit comprising:
a memory device storing a first safe state braking control profile comprising first safe state braking control profile data representative of a first safe state braking control profile value;
a processor;
braking system fault logic stored in the memory device, the braking system fault logic being executable by the processor to determine a fault in the associated vehicle; and
brake control logic stored in the memory device, the brake control logic being executable by the processor to, responsive to the network interface unit receiving the first safe state deceleration profile selection message:
decode the first safe state deceleration profile selection message to determine a first safe state braking profile selection signal selecting the first safe state braking control profile by the first safe state deceleration profile selection message; and
queue in the memory device the first safe state braking control profile selected by the first safe state braking profile selection signal;
wherein the brake control logic is operable to:
responsive to the braking system fault logic determining the fault in the associated vehicle, communicate the first deceleration data of the first safe state braking control profile queued in the memory device to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first safe state braking control profile value on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first safe state braking control profile. 7. The brake controller according to claim 6, wherein:
the first braking control profile stored in the memory device comprises ramp-in data representative of a maximum rate of deceleration change for initiating the first braking control profile by the brake control logic relative to a braking control currently being executed by the brake control logic; the brake control logic communicates the first deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by:
adjusting the braking control currently being executed in increments of the ramp-in data, communicating the adjusted braking control currently being executed to the output circuit as the deceleration command data until the adjusted braking control currently being executed matches the first deceleration data, then communicating the second deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data. 8. The brake controller according to claim 6, wherein:
the first safe state braking control profile stored in the memory device of the brake control unit comprises:
a first set of deceleration data paired with execution time data comprising:
a first plurality of deceleration data representative of a first plurality of deceleration values paired with a first plurality of execution time increment data representative of a first plurality of execution time increments; and
the brake control logic stored in the memory device of the brake control unit is operable to:
responsive to the braking system fault logic determining the fault in the associated vehicle, communicate the first deceleration data of the first safe state braking control profile queued in the memory device to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the first plurality of deceleration data at the first plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first plurality of deceleration values at the first plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first braking control profile. 9. The brake controller according to claim 8, wherein:
the memory device of the brake control unit stores:
a second braking control profile comprising a second set of deceleration data paired with execution time data comprising:
a second plurality of deceleration data representative of a second plurality of deceleration values paired with a second plurality of execution time increment data representative of a second plurality of execution time increments;
the brake control logic is executable by the processor to, responsive to the network interface unit receiving a second safe state deceleration profile selection message:
decode the second safe state deceleration profile selection message to determine a second braking profile selection signal selecting the second braking control profile by the second deceleration trigger message; and
communicate the second deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the second plurality of deceleration data at the second plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the second plurality of deceleration values at the second plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the second braking control profile. 10. The brake controller according to claim 9, wherein:
the first braking control profile stored in the memory device comprises a first priority value; the second braking control profile stored in the memory device comprises a second priority value; the memory device of the brake control unit stores arbitration logic executable by the processor to determine a rank between the first and second priority values; and the brake control logic is executable by the processor to:
responsive to the arbitration logic determining the first priority value being ranked above the second priority value, communicate the first deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, or
responsive to the arbitration logic determining the second priority value being ranked above the first priority value, communicate the second deceleration data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data. 11. A brake controller controlling a braking operation of a braking system of an associated vehicle in response to External Brake Request (XBR) deceleration demands received from an associated XBR controlling device, the brake controller comprising:
a network interface unit in operative communication with the associated XBR controlling device via an associated control network of the associated vehicle, the network interface unit selectively receiving a first XBR deceleration command message from the associated XBR controlling device via the associated control network, the first XBR deceleration command message comprising first XBR deceleration command data representative of a first XBR deceleration command value for decelerating the associated vehicle; an output circuit operatively coupled with a braking system of the associated vehicle, the output circuit being operative to receive deceleration command data representative of a deceleration command value and to generate a brake command signal corresponding to the deceleration command value on an output of the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation at the deceleration command value; and a brake control unit operatively coupled with the network interface unit and the output circuit, the brake control unit comprising:
a processor;
a memory device operatively coupled with the processor;
vehicle information logic stored in the memory device, the vehicle information logic being executable by the processor to determine first operational information of the associated vehicle;
braking system fault logic stored in the memory device, the braking system fault logic being executable by the processor to selectively determine a fault condition in the associated vehicle based on a fault occurring in the associated vehicle; and
brake control logic stored in the memory device, the brake control logic being executable by the processor to:
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit not determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle:
communicate the first XBR deceleration command data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first XBR deceleration command value on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation, or
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle:
based on the first operational information of the associated vehicle determined by the vehicle information logic, determine a first safe state braking control profile comprising first safe state braking control profile data representative of a first safe state braking control profile value for decelerating the associated vehicle; and
communicate the first safe state braking control profile data of the first safe state braking control profile to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first safe state braking control profile value on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the determined first safe state braking control profile. 12. The brake controller according to claim 11, wherein:
the vehicle information logic is executable by the processor to determine one or more of a current level of XBR controlled braking, a current speed of the vehicle, a distance to the forward vehicle, ABS/WSS health, a forward velocity relative to a vehicle forward to the vehicle of the brake controller, a current level of ABS activity, ADAS health, ESP activity as the first operational information of the associated vehicle. 13. The brake controller according to claim 11, wherein:
the vehicle information logic is executable by the processor to determine second operational information of the associated vehicle; the brake control logic is executable by the processor to:
after communicating the first safe state braking control profile data of the first safe state braking control profile to the output circuit as the deceleration command data:
based on a value of the second operational information of the associated vehicle determined by the vehicle information logic, selectively communicate first safe state braking control profile termination data representative of a deceleration termination command value for terminating deceleration of the associated vehicle to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates a null brake command signal corresponding to the deceleration termination command value on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to terminate the braking operation. 14. The brake controller according to claim 13, wherein:
the vehicle information logic is executable by the processor to determine a current level of XBR controlled braking as the first operational information of the associated vehicle; and the vehicle information logic is executable by the processor to determine as the second operational information of the associated vehicle one or more of:
a reduction in speed of the associated vehicle relative to a predetermined speed reduction threshold;
a speed of the associated vehicle relative to a predetermined vehicle speed threshold;
a driver override of the brake controller;
a distance to an associated forward vehicle forward of the associated vehicle relative to a predetermined forward distance threshold; and/or
a magnitude of relative velocity between the associated vehicle and the associated forward vehicle relative to a predetermined relative velocity threshold. 15. The brake controller according to claim 14, wherein:
the brake control logic is executable by the processor to, responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle, determine the current level of XBR controlled braking to be the first safe state braking control profile. 16. The controller according to claim 11, wherein:
the memory device of the brake control unit stores:
a first safe state braking control profile comprising a first set of deceleration data paired with execution time data comprising:
a first plurality of deceleration data representative of a first plurality of deceleration values paired with a first plurality of execution time increment data representative of a first plurality of execution time increments;
the brake control logic is executable by the processor to:
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle, selecting the first safe state braking control profile based on the first operational information of the associated vehicle determined by the vehicle information logic, and communicate the first deceleration data of the first safe state braking control profile queued in the memory device to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the first plurality of deceleration data at the first plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first plurality of deceleration values at the first plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first braking control profile. 17. The brake controller according to claim 16, wherein:
the vehicle information logic is executable by the processor to determine a current level of XBR braking as the first operational information of the associated vehicle; and the brake control logic is executable by the processor to:
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit not determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle, communicate the first XBR deceleration command data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first XBR deceleration command value on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation, or
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle, selecting the first safe state braking control profile based on the current level of XBR braking determined by the vehicle information logic, and communicate the first deceleration data of the first safe state braking control profile queued in the memory device to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the first plurality of deceleration data at the first plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first plurality of deceleration values at the first plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first braking control profile. 18. The brake controller according to claim 16 wherein:
the vehicle information logic is executable by the processor to determine one or more of a level of XBR controlled braking, a current speed of the vehicle, a distance to the forward vehicle, ABS/WSS health, a forward velocity relative to a vehicle forward to the vehicle of the brake controller, a current level of ABS activity, ADAS health, ESP activity as the first operational information of the associated vehicle; and
the brake control logic is executable by the processor to:
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit not determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle, communicate the first XBR deceleration command data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first XBR deceleration command value on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation, or
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle, selecting the first safe state braking control profile based on the one or more of a level of XBR controlled braking, a current speed of the vehicle, a distance to the forward vehicle, ABS/WSS health, a forward velocity relative to a vehicle forward to the vehicle of the brake controller 250, a current level of ABS activity, ADAS health, ESP activity determined by the vehicle information logic, and communicate the first deceleration data of the first safe state braking control profile queued in the memory device to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the first plurality of deceleration data at the first plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first plurality of deceleration values at the first plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first braking control profile. 19. The brake controller according to claim 16, wherein:
the memory device of the brake control unit stores:
a second braking control profile comprising a second set of deceleration data paired with execution time data comprising:
a second plurality of deceleration data representative of a second plurality of deceleration values paired with a second plurality of execution time increment data representative of a second plurality of execution time increments;
the vehicle information logic is executable by the processor to determine a current level of XBR braking as the first operational information of the associated vehicle; and the brake control logic is executable by the processor to:
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit not determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle, communicate the first XBR deceleration command data to the output circuit as the deceleration command data, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first XBR deceleration command value on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation, or
responsive to the braking system fault logic network interface unit determining the fault condition in the associated vehicle:
selecting the first safe state braking control profile based on a first current level of XBR braking determined by the vehicle information logic, and communicate the first deceleration data of the first safe state braking control profile queued in the memory device to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the first plurality of deceleration data at the first plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the first plurality of deceleration values at the first plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the first braking control profile, or
selecting the second safe state braking control profile based on a second current level of XBR braking determined by the vehicle information logic, and communicate the second deceleration data of the second safe state braking control profile queued in the memory device to the output circuit as the deceleration command data by communicating the second plurality of deceleration data at the second plurality of execution time increments, wherein the output circuit generates the brake command signal corresponding to the second plurality of deceleration values at the second plurality of execution time increments on the output circuit for use by the braking system of the associated vehicle to effectuate the braking operation in accordance with the second braking control profile. | 2,800 |
346,799 | 16,805,282 | 2,816 | A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes forming a stacked body including a plurality of first films and a plurality of second films that are alternately stacked, next forming, in the stacked body, an opening that extends in a thickness direction, then forming a first insulating film, a charge storage layer, a second insulating film, and a semiconductor layer on a side wall of the stacked body in the opening. The charge storage layer includes a silicon nitride film. The second insulating film includes a silicon oxynitride film. At least one of the silicon nitride film and the silicon oxynitride film is formed by using first gas containing silicon and second gas containing nitrogen and deuterium. | 1. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising:
forming a stacked body including a plurality of first films and a plurality of second films; forming, in the stacked body, an opening that extends in a thickness direction of the stacked body; and forming a first insulating film, a charge storage layer, a second insulating film, and a semiconductor layer on a side wall of the opening, wherein the charge storage layer includes a silicon nitride film, the second insulating film includes a silicon oxynitride film, and the silicon nitride film is formed by using a first gas containing silicon and a second gas containing nitrogen and deuterium. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second gas comprises deuterated ammonia (ND3) gas. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first gas comprises SiD2Cl2 and the second gas comprises at least one of deuterated ammonia (ND3), NBr3, nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein an amount of deuterium in the second gas is greater than an amount of light hydrogen in the second gas. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the silicon nitride film is formed in an atmosphere of 600° C. to 800° C. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the silicon oxynitride film is formed using the first gas, the second gas, and a third gas containing oxygen. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the second gas contains deuterated ammonia (ND3). 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the first gas contains SiD2Cl2 and the second gas contains at least one of deuterated ammonia (ND3), nitrogen tribromide (NBr3), nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide. 9. The method according to claim 6, wherein an amount of deuterium in the second gas is greater than an amount of light hydrogen in the second gas. 10. The method according to claim 6, wherein each of the silicon nitride film and the silicon oxynitride film is formed in an atmosphere of 600° C. to 800° C. 11. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising:
forming a stacked body including a plurality of first films and a plurality of second films that are alternately stacked on each other; forming an opening in the stacked body that extends in a thickness direction of the stacked body; and forming a first insulating film, a charge storage layer, a second insulating film, and a semiconductor layer on a side wall of the stacked body in the opening, wherein the charge storage layer includes a silicon nitride film, the second insulating film includes a silicon oxynitride film, and the silicon oxynitride film is formed by using a first gas containing silicon, a second gas containing nitrogen and deuterium, and a third gas containing oxygen. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the second gas contains deuterated ammonia (ND3). 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the first gas contains SiD2Cl2 and the second gas contains at least one of deuterated ammonia (ND3), nitrogen tribromide (NBr3) gas, nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide. 14. The method according to claim 11, wherein an amount of deuterium in the second gas is greater than an amount of light hydrogen in the second gas. 15. The method according to claim 11, wherein the silicon oxynitride film is formed in an atmosphere of 600° C. to 800° C. 16. A semiconductor device comprising:
a stacked body including a plurality of first films and a plurality of second films that are alternately provided, the stacked body including an opening extending in a thickness direction; a first insulating film on a side wall of the stacked body in the opening; a charge storage layer on a surface of the first insulating film in the opening; a second insulating film on a surface of the charge storage layer in the opening; and a semiconductor layer on a surface of the second insulating film in the opening, wherein the charge storage layer includes a silicon nitride film, the second insulating film includes a silicon oxynitride film, and a hydrogen concentration of the silicon nitride film is 1.0×1019 atoms/cm3 or less in at least at a part of the silicon nitride film in a depth direction from a center of the opening towards an outside of the opening. 17. The semiconductor device according to claim 16, wherein the part of the silicon nitride film is more than a half of the silicon nitride film in the depth direction. 18. The semiconductor device according to claim 16, wherein hydrogen concentration of the silicon oxynitride film is 1.0×1019 atoms/cm3 or less at least at a part of the silicon oxynitride film in the depth direction. 19. The semiconductor device according to claim 18, wherein the part of the silicon oxynitride film is more than a half of the silicon oxynitride film in the depth direction. 20. The semiconductor device according to claim 18, wherein each of the silicon nitride film and the silicon oxynitride film contains deuterium. | A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes forming a stacked body including a plurality of first films and a plurality of second films that are alternately stacked, next forming, in the stacked body, an opening that extends in a thickness direction, then forming a first insulating film, a charge storage layer, a second insulating film, and a semiconductor layer on a side wall of the stacked body in the opening. The charge storage layer includes a silicon nitride film. The second insulating film includes a silicon oxynitride film. At least one of the silicon nitride film and the silicon oxynitride film is formed by using first gas containing silicon and second gas containing nitrogen and deuterium.1. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising:
forming a stacked body including a plurality of first films and a plurality of second films; forming, in the stacked body, an opening that extends in a thickness direction of the stacked body; and forming a first insulating film, a charge storage layer, a second insulating film, and a semiconductor layer on a side wall of the opening, wherein the charge storage layer includes a silicon nitride film, the second insulating film includes a silicon oxynitride film, and the silicon nitride film is formed by using a first gas containing silicon and a second gas containing nitrogen and deuterium. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second gas comprises deuterated ammonia (ND3) gas. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first gas comprises SiD2Cl2 and the second gas comprises at least one of deuterated ammonia (ND3), NBr3, nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein an amount of deuterium in the second gas is greater than an amount of light hydrogen in the second gas. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the silicon nitride film is formed in an atmosphere of 600° C. to 800° C. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the silicon oxynitride film is formed using the first gas, the second gas, and a third gas containing oxygen. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the second gas contains deuterated ammonia (ND3). 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the first gas contains SiD2Cl2 and the second gas contains at least one of deuterated ammonia (ND3), nitrogen tribromide (NBr3), nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide. 9. The method according to claim 6, wherein an amount of deuterium in the second gas is greater than an amount of light hydrogen in the second gas. 10. The method according to claim 6, wherein each of the silicon nitride film and the silicon oxynitride film is formed in an atmosphere of 600° C. to 800° C. 11. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising:
forming a stacked body including a plurality of first films and a plurality of second films that are alternately stacked on each other; forming an opening in the stacked body that extends in a thickness direction of the stacked body; and forming a first insulating film, a charge storage layer, a second insulating film, and a semiconductor layer on a side wall of the stacked body in the opening, wherein the charge storage layer includes a silicon nitride film, the second insulating film includes a silicon oxynitride film, and the silicon oxynitride film is formed by using a first gas containing silicon, a second gas containing nitrogen and deuterium, and a third gas containing oxygen. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the second gas contains deuterated ammonia (ND3). 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the first gas contains SiD2Cl2 and the second gas contains at least one of deuterated ammonia (ND3), nitrogen tribromide (NBr3) gas, nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide. 14. The method according to claim 11, wherein an amount of deuterium in the second gas is greater than an amount of light hydrogen in the second gas. 15. The method according to claim 11, wherein the silicon oxynitride film is formed in an atmosphere of 600° C. to 800° C. 16. A semiconductor device comprising:
a stacked body including a plurality of first films and a plurality of second films that are alternately provided, the stacked body including an opening extending in a thickness direction; a first insulating film on a side wall of the stacked body in the opening; a charge storage layer on a surface of the first insulating film in the opening; a second insulating film on a surface of the charge storage layer in the opening; and a semiconductor layer on a surface of the second insulating film in the opening, wherein the charge storage layer includes a silicon nitride film, the second insulating film includes a silicon oxynitride film, and a hydrogen concentration of the silicon nitride film is 1.0×1019 atoms/cm3 or less in at least at a part of the silicon nitride film in a depth direction from a center of the opening towards an outside of the opening. 17. The semiconductor device according to claim 16, wherein the part of the silicon nitride film is more than a half of the silicon nitride film in the depth direction. 18. The semiconductor device according to claim 16, wherein hydrogen concentration of the silicon oxynitride film is 1.0×1019 atoms/cm3 or less at least at a part of the silicon oxynitride film in the depth direction. 19. The semiconductor device according to claim 18, wherein the part of the silicon oxynitride film is more than a half of the silicon oxynitride film in the depth direction. 20. The semiconductor device according to claim 18, wherein each of the silicon nitride film and the silicon oxynitride film contains deuterium. | 2,800 |
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