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346,900 | 16,805,371 | 3,612 | Network access is provided to a networking device. In one approach, a method includes: obtaining, by a gateway, access rules for a networking device; providing, by the gateway, one or more dedicated networking tunnels between the gateway and respective remote gateways to one or more respective network segments, wherein the networking device is authorized to access the one or more network segments by the access rules; and routing, by the gateway, networking packets from the networking device based on source address information in the networking packets to the one or more dedicated networking tunnels, and based on destination address information in the networking packets, routing the networking packets to a selection of the one or more dedicated networking tunnels. | 1. A method comprising:
providing, by an access controller, one or more dedicated networking tunnels between the access controller and respective remote gateways; routing, by the access controller, networking packets from a first networking device to the one or more dedicated networking tunnels based on source address information in each respective networking packet; and routing, by the access controller, the networking packets to a selection of the one or more dedicated networking tunnels based on destination address information in the respective networking packet. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, by the access controller, access rules for the first networking device, wherein the first networking device is authorized by the access rules to access one or more network segments. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
receiving, by the access controller, a request from the first networking device for a hardware address associated with a network address of the access controller; determining, using the access rules, whether the access controller is a default gateway for the first networking device; and in response to determining that the access controller is a default gateway for the first networking device, providing the hardware address to the first networking device. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, by the access controller, access rules of the first networking device, wherein the access rules have been determined based on a network address request from the first networking device. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein:
the network address request comprises a hardware address associated with the first networking device; a device type of the first networking device is determined from the hardware address; and the access rules are based on the device type. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the access controller maintains separate routing tables for each of a plurality of networking devices, including the first networking device. 7. A method comprising:
receiving, by at least one server from a networking device, a request for a network address; determining, by the at least one server, access rules based on data associated with the request; receiving, by an access controller from the at least one server, the access rules; and establishing, by the access controller based on the access rules, a set of networking tunnels. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
receiving, by the access controller from the networking device, a network packet; selecting, by the access controller based on a source address of the network packet, the set of networking tunnels; selecting, by the access controller based on a destination address of the network packet, a first networking tunnel of the set of networking tunnels; and routing, by the access controller, the network packet to the first networking tunnel. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the data associated with the request comprises a hardware address of the networking device. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising determining a type or class of device based on the data associated with the request, wherein the access rules are determined based at least in part on the type or class of device. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the type or class of device is determined based on a hardware address of the networking device provided with the request. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising determining a fingerprint of the networking device, wherein the access rules are determined further based on the fingerprint. 13. The method of claim 7, further comprising selecting, for the networking device, a first network segment and a default gateway. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising determining at least one of a selection of network segments to which the networking device is allowed network access, or a selection of networking devices within the first network segment with which the networking device is allowed to communicate. 15. The method of claim 7, wherein determining the access rules comprises generating an access list. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the access list includes firewall rules for a gateway, the method further comprising:
sending, by the access controller, the access list to the gateway. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the access list further includes conditions and corresponding addresses, wherein each condition must be satisfied in order for the networking device to have access to the corresponding address. 18. The method of claim 7, wherein:
determining the access rules comprises generating a tunnel list; the tunnel list includes at least one of a destination address of a gateway or a destination port of the gateway; and establishing the set of networking tunnels includes setting up a tunnel at the destination address, the destination port, or the destination address and the destination port. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the tunnel list further includes authentication information to authenticate the access controller with the gateway. 20. A system comprising:
a processor; and memory containing instructions configured to instruct the processor to:
provide one or more dedicated networking tunnels to respective remote gateways;
route networking packets from a networking device to the one or more dedicated networking tunnels based on respective source address information in each networking packet; and
route the networking packets to a selection of the one or more dedicated networking tunnels based on respective destination address information in each networking packet. | Network access is provided to a networking device. In one approach, a method includes: obtaining, by a gateway, access rules for a networking device; providing, by the gateway, one or more dedicated networking tunnels between the gateway and respective remote gateways to one or more respective network segments, wherein the networking device is authorized to access the one or more network segments by the access rules; and routing, by the gateway, networking packets from the networking device based on source address information in the networking packets to the one or more dedicated networking tunnels, and based on destination address information in the networking packets, routing the networking packets to a selection of the one or more dedicated networking tunnels.1. A method comprising:
providing, by an access controller, one or more dedicated networking tunnels between the access controller and respective remote gateways; routing, by the access controller, networking packets from a first networking device to the one or more dedicated networking tunnels based on source address information in each respective networking packet; and routing, by the access controller, the networking packets to a selection of the one or more dedicated networking tunnels based on destination address information in the respective networking packet. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, by the access controller, access rules for the first networking device, wherein the first networking device is authorized by the access rules to access one or more network segments. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
receiving, by the access controller, a request from the first networking device for a hardware address associated with a network address of the access controller; determining, using the access rules, whether the access controller is a default gateway for the first networking device; and in response to determining that the access controller is a default gateway for the first networking device, providing the hardware address to the first networking device. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, by the access controller, access rules of the first networking device, wherein the access rules have been determined based on a network address request from the first networking device. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein:
the network address request comprises a hardware address associated with the first networking device; a device type of the first networking device is determined from the hardware address; and the access rules are based on the device type. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the access controller maintains separate routing tables for each of a plurality of networking devices, including the first networking device. 7. A method comprising:
receiving, by at least one server from a networking device, a request for a network address; determining, by the at least one server, access rules based on data associated with the request; receiving, by an access controller from the at least one server, the access rules; and establishing, by the access controller based on the access rules, a set of networking tunnels. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
receiving, by the access controller from the networking device, a network packet; selecting, by the access controller based on a source address of the network packet, the set of networking tunnels; selecting, by the access controller based on a destination address of the network packet, a first networking tunnel of the set of networking tunnels; and routing, by the access controller, the network packet to the first networking tunnel. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the data associated with the request comprises a hardware address of the networking device. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising determining a type or class of device based on the data associated with the request, wherein the access rules are determined based at least in part on the type or class of device. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the type or class of device is determined based on a hardware address of the networking device provided with the request. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising determining a fingerprint of the networking device, wherein the access rules are determined further based on the fingerprint. 13. The method of claim 7, further comprising selecting, for the networking device, a first network segment and a default gateway. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising determining at least one of a selection of network segments to which the networking device is allowed network access, or a selection of networking devices within the first network segment with which the networking device is allowed to communicate. 15. The method of claim 7, wherein determining the access rules comprises generating an access list. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the access list includes firewall rules for a gateway, the method further comprising:
sending, by the access controller, the access list to the gateway. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the access list further includes conditions and corresponding addresses, wherein each condition must be satisfied in order for the networking device to have access to the corresponding address. 18. The method of claim 7, wherein:
determining the access rules comprises generating a tunnel list; the tunnel list includes at least one of a destination address of a gateway or a destination port of the gateway; and establishing the set of networking tunnels includes setting up a tunnel at the destination address, the destination port, or the destination address and the destination port. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the tunnel list further includes authentication information to authenticate the access controller with the gateway. 20. A system comprising:
a processor; and memory containing instructions configured to instruct the processor to:
provide one or more dedicated networking tunnels to respective remote gateways;
route networking packets from a networking device to the one or more dedicated networking tunnels based on respective source address information in each networking packet; and
route the networking packets to a selection of the one or more dedicated networking tunnels based on respective destination address information in each networking packet. | 3,600 |
346,901 | 16,805,374 | 3,612 | This application disclose a method for indicating and determining a precoding vector related to precoding technologies to increase an overall system performance gain. The method may include: generating indication information, and sending the indication information. The indication information is used to indicate a plurality of component vectors of a precoding vector and a combination coefficient of each component vector. The combination coefficient of the component vector includes at least one of the following types: a wideband amplitude coefficient, a narrowband amplitude coefficient, and a narrowband phase coefficient. | 1. A method for communicating information that indicates a precoding vector in a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communication system, comprising:
receiving, by a base station, indication information that indicates six component vectors of the precoding vector and a combination coefficient of each component vector from a terminal device, wherein: the six component vectors comprise a first component vector that is a normalization reference component vector, the six component vectors further comprise a second component vector, a third component vector, a fourth component vector, a fifth component vector and a sixth component vector that are non-normalization reference component vectors, the combination coefficient of the first component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, the combination coefficient of the second component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the third component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the fourth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the fifth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2, the combination coefficient of the sixth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2; and determining, by the base station, the precoding vector based on the indication information. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein 3 component vectors in the six component vectors correspond to a first polarization, and remaining 3 component vectors in the six component vectors correspond to a second polarization, the 3 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization are different from each other and the 3 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization are different from each other; for each component vector in the 3 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization, there is a same component vector in the 3 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization. 3. A processing circuit, comprising:
a processor; and a memory having computer readable instructions stored thereon which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: receive indication information that indicates six component vectors of a preceding vector and a combination coefficient of each component vector, wherein: the six component vectors comprise a first component vector that is a normalization reference component vector, the six component vectors further comprise a second component vector, a third component vector, a fourth component vector, a fifth component vector and a sixth component vector that are non-normalization reference component vectors; the combination coefficient of the first component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0; the combination coefficient of the second component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3; the combination coefficient of the third component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3; the combination coefficient of the fourth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3; the combination coefficient of the fifth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2; and the combination coefficient of the sixth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2; and determine the precoding vector based on the indication information. 4. The processing circuit according to claim 3, wherein 3 component vectors in the six component vectors correspond to a first polarization, and remaining 3 component vectors in the six component vectors correspond to a second polarization, the 3 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization are different from each other and the 3 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization are different from each other; for each component vector in the 3 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization, there is a same component vector in the 3 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization. 5. A base station, comprising:
a receiver, configured to receive indication information that indicates six component vectors of a precoding vector and a combination coefficient of each component vector from a terminal device, wherein: the six component vectors comprise a first component vector that is a normalization reference component vector, the six component vectors further comprise a second component vector, a third component vector, a fourth component vector, a fifth component vector and a sixth component vector that are non-normalization reference component vectors, the combination coefficient of the first component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, the combination coefficient of the second component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the third component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the fourth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the fifth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2, the combination coefficient of the sixth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2; and a processor, configure to determine the precoding vector based on the indication information. 6. The base station according to claim 5, wherein 3 component vectors in the six component vectors correspond to a first polarization, and remaining 3 component vectors in the six component vectors correspond to a second polarization, the 3 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization are different from each other and the 3 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization are different from each other; for each component vector in the 3 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization, there is a same component vector in the 3 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization. 7. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, configured to store a computer program instruction which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving indication information that indicates six component vectors of a precoding vector and a combination coefficient of each component vector from a terminal device, wherein: the six component vectors comprise a first component vector that is a normalization reference component vector, the six component vectors further comprise a second component vector, a third component vector, a fourth component vector, a fifth component vector and a sixth component vector that are non-normalization reference component vectors, the combination coefficient of the first component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, the combination coefficient of the second component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the third component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the fourth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the fifth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2, the combination coefficient of the sixth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2; and determining the precoding vector based on the indication information. 8. The medium according to claim 7, wherein 3 component vectors in the six component vectors correspond to a first polarization, and remaining 3 component vectors in the six component vectors correspond to a second polarization, the 3 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization are different from each other and the 3 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization are different from each other; for each component vector in the 3 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization, there is a same component vector in the 3 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization. 9. A method for communicating information that indicates a precoding vector in a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communication system, comprising:
receiving, by a base station, indication information that indicates eight component vectors of the precoding vector and a combination coefficient of each component vector from a terminal device, wherein: the eight component vectors comprise a first component vector that is a normalization reference component vector, the eight component vectors further comprise a second component vector, a third component vector, a fourth component vector, a fifth component vector, a sixth component vector, a seventh component vector and a eighth component vector that are non-normalization reference component vectors, the combination coefficient of the first component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, the combination coefficient of the second component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the third component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the fourth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the fifth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the sixth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the seventh component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2; the combination coefficient of the eighth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2; and determining, by the base station, the precoding vector based on the indication information. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein 4 component vectors in the eight component vectors correspond to a first polarization, and remaining 4 component vectors in the eight component vectors correspond to a second polarization, the 4 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization are different from each other and the 4 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization are different from each other; for each component vector in the 4 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization, there is a same component vector in the 4 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization. 11. A processing circuit, comprising:
a processor; and a memory having computer readable instructions stored thereon which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: receive indication information that indicates eight component vectors of a precoding vector and a combination coefficient of each component vector from a terminal device, wherein: the eight component vectors comprise a first component vector that is a normalization reference component vector, the eight component vectors further comprise a second component vector, a third component vector, a fourth component vector, a fifth component vector, a sixth component vector, a seventh component vector and a eighth component vector that are non-normalization reference component vectors, the combination coefficient of the first component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0; the combination coefficient of the second component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3; the combination coefficient of the third component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3; the combination coefficient of the fourth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3; the combination coefficient of the fifth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3; and the combination coefficient of the sixth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the seventh component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2; the combination coefficient of the eighth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2; determine the precoding vector based on the indication information. 12. The processing circuit according to claim 11, wherein 4 component vectors in the eight component vectors correspond to a first polarization, and remaining 4 component vectors in the eight component vectors correspond to a second polarization, the 4 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization are different from each other and the 4 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization are different from each other; for each component vector in the 4 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization, there is a same component vector in the 4 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization. 13. A base station, comprising:
a receiver, configure to receive indication information that indicates eight component vectors of a precoding vector and a combination coefficient of each component vector from a terminal device, wherein: the eight component vectors comprise a first component vector that is a normalization reference component vector, the eight component vectors further comprise a second component vector, a third component vector, a fourth component vector, a fifth component vector, a sixth component vector, a seventh component vector and a eighth component vector that are non-normalization reference component vectors, the combination coefficient of the first component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, the combination coefficient of the second component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the third component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the fourth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the fifth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the sixth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the seventh component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2; the combination coefficient of the eighth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2; and a processor, configured to determine the precoding vector based on the indication information. 14. The base station according to claim 13, wherein 4 component vectors in the eight component vectors correspond to a first polarization, and remaining 4 component vectors in the eight component vectors correspond to a second polarization, the 4 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization are different from each other and the 4 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization are different from each other; for each component vector in the 4 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization, there is a same component vector in the 4 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization. 15. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, configured to store a computer program instruction which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving indication information that indicates eight component vectors of a preceding vector and a combination coefficient of each component vector from a terminal device, wherein: the eight component vectors comprise a first component vector that is a normalization reference component vector, the eight component vectors further comprise a second component vector, a third component vector, a fourth component vector, a fifth component vector, a sixth component vector, a seventh component vector and a eighth component vector that are non-normalization reference component vectors, the combination coefficient of the first component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, the combination coefficient of the second component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the third component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the fourth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the fifth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the sixth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the seventh component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2; the combination coefficient of the eighth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2; and determining the precoding vector based on the indication information. 16. The medium according to claim 15, wherein 4 component vectors in the eight component vectors correspond to a first polarization, and remaining 4 component vectors in the eight component vectors correspond to a second polarization, the 4 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization are different from each other and the 4 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization are different from each other; for each component vector in the 4 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization, there is a same component vector in the 4 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization. | This application disclose a method for indicating and determining a precoding vector related to precoding technologies to increase an overall system performance gain. The method may include: generating indication information, and sending the indication information. The indication information is used to indicate a plurality of component vectors of a precoding vector and a combination coefficient of each component vector. The combination coefficient of the component vector includes at least one of the following types: a wideband amplitude coefficient, a narrowband amplitude coefficient, and a narrowband phase coefficient.1. A method for communicating information that indicates a precoding vector in a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communication system, comprising:
receiving, by a base station, indication information that indicates six component vectors of the precoding vector and a combination coefficient of each component vector from a terminal device, wherein: the six component vectors comprise a first component vector that is a normalization reference component vector, the six component vectors further comprise a second component vector, a third component vector, a fourth component vector, a fifth component vector and a sixth component vector that are non-normalization reference component vectors, the combination coefficient of the first component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, the combination coefficient of the second component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the third component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the fourth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the fifth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2, the combination coefficient of the sixth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2; and determining, by the base station, the precoding vector based on the indication information. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein 3 component vectors in the six component vectors correspond to a first polarization, and remaining 3 component vectors in the six component vectors correspond to a second polarization, the 3 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization are different from each other and the 3 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization are different from each other; for each component vector in the 3 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization, there is a same component vector in the 3 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization. 3. A processing circuit, comprising:
a processor; and a memory having computer readable instructions stored thereon which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: receive indication information that indicates six component vectors of a preceding vector and a combination coefficient of each component vector, wherein: the six component vectors comprise a first component vector that is a normalization reference component vector, the six component vectors further comprise a second component vector, a third component vector, a fourth component vector, a fifth component vector and a sixth component vector that are non-normalization reference component vectors; the combination coefficient of the first component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0; the combination coefficient of the second component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3; the combination coefficient of the third component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3; the combination coefficient of the fourth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3; the combination coefficient of the fifth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2; and the combination coefficient of the sixth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2; and determine the precoding vector based on the indication information. 4. The processing circuit according to claim 3, wherein 3 component vectors in the six component vectors correspond to a first polarization, and remaining 3 component vectors in the six component vectors correspond to a second polarization, the 3 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization are different from each other and the 3 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization are different from each other; for each component vector in the 3 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization, there is a same component vector in the 3 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization. 5. A base station, comprising:
a receiver, configured to receive indication information that indicates six component vectors of a precoding vector and a combination coefficient of each component vector from a terminal device, wherein: the six component vectors comprise a first component vector that is a normalization reference component vector, the six component vectors further comprise a second component vector, a third component vector, a fourth component vector, a fifth component vector and a sixth component vector that are non-normalization reference component vectors, the combination coefficient of the first component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, the combination coefficient of the second component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the third component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the fourth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the fifth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2, the combination coefficient of the sixth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2; and a processor, configure to determine the precoding vector based on the indication information. 6. The base station according to claim 5, wherein 3 component vectors in the six component vectors correspond to a first polarization, and remaining 3 component vectors in the six component vectors correspond to a second polarization, the 3 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization are different from each other and the 3 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization are different from each other; for each component vector in the 3 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization, there is a same component vector in the 3 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization. 7. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, configured to store a computer program instruction which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving indication information that indicates six component vectors of a precoding vector and a combination coefficient of each component vector from a terminal device, wherein: the six component vectors comprise a first component vector that is a normalization reference component vector, the six component vectors further comprise a second component vector, a third component vector, a fourth component vector, a fifth component vector and a sixth component vector that are non-normalization reference component vectors, the combination coefficient of the first component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, the combination coefficient of the second component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the third component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the fourth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the fifth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2, the combination coefficient of the sixth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2; and determining the precoding vector based on the indication information. 8. The medium according to claim 7, wherein 3 component vectors in the six component vectors correspond to a first polarization, and remaining 3 component vectors in the six component vectors correspond to a second polarization, the 3 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization are different from each other and the 3 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization are different from each other; for each component vector in the 3 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization, there is a same component vector in the 3 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization. 9. A method for communicating information that indicates a precoding vector in a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communication system, comprising:
receiving, by a base station, indication information that indicates eight component vectors of the precoding vector and a combination coefficient of each component vector from a terminal device, wherein: the eight component vectors comprise a first component vector that is a normalization reference component vector, the eight component vectors further comprise a second component vector, a third component vector, a fourth component vector, a fifth component vector, a sixth component vector, a seventh component vector and a eighth component vector that are non-normalization reference component vectors, the combination coefficient of the first component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, the combination coefficient of the second component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the third component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the fourth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the fifth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the sixth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the seventh component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2; the combination coefficient of the eighth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2; and determining, by the base station, the precoding vector based on the indication information. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein 4 component vectors in the eight component vectors correspond to a first polarization, and remaining 4 component vectors in the eight component vectors correspond to a second polarization, the 4 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization are different from each other and the 4 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization are different from each other; for each component vector in the 4 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization, there is a same component vector in the 4 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization. 11. A processing circuit, comprising:
a processor; and a memory having computer readable instructions stored thereon which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: receive indication information that indicates eight component vectors of a precoding vector and a combination coefficient of each component vector from a terminal device, wherein: the eight component vectors comprise a first component vector that is a normalization reference component vector, the eight component vectors further comprise a second component vector, a third component vector, a fourth component vector, a fifth component vector, a sixth component vector, a seventh component vector and a eighth component vector that are non-normalization reference component vectors, the combination coefficient of the first component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0; the combination coefficient of the second component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3; the combination coefficient of the third component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3; the combination coefficient of the fourth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3; the combination coefficient of the fifth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3; and the combination coefficient of the sixth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the seventh component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2; the combination coefficient of the eighth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2; determine the precoding vector based on the indication information. 12. The processing circuit according to claim 11, wherein 4 component vectors in the eight component vectors correspond to a first polarization, and remaining 4 component vectors in the eight component vectors correspond to a second polarization, the 4 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization are different from each other and the 4 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization are different from each other; for each component vector in the 4 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization, there is a same component vector in the 4 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization. 13. A base station, comprising:
a receiver, configure to receive indication information that indicates eight component vectors of a precoding vector and a combination coefficient of each component vector from a terminal device, wherein: the eight component vectors comprise a first component vector that is a normalization reference component vector, the eight component vectors further comprise a second component vector, a third component vector, a fourth component vector, a fifth component vector, a sixth component vector, a seventh component vector and a eighth component vector that are non-normalization reference component vectors, the combination coefficient of the first component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, the combination coefficient of the second component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the third component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the fourth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the fifth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the sixth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the seventh component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2; the combination coefficient of the eighth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2; and a processor, configured to determine the precoding vector based on the indication information. 14. The base station according to claim 13, wherein 4 component vectors in the eight component vectors correspond to a first polarization, and remaining 4 component vectors in the eight component vectors correspond to a second polarization, the 4 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization are different from each other and the 4 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization are different from each other; for each component vector in the 4 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization, there is a same component vector in the 4 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization. 15. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, configured to store a computer program instruction which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving indication information that indicates eight component vectors of a preceding vector and a combination coefficient of each component vector from a terminal device, wherein: the eight component vectors comprise a first component vector that is a normalization reference component vector, the eight component vectors further comprise a second component vector, a third component vector, a fourth component vector, a fifth component vector, a sixth component vector, a seventh component vector and a eighth component vector that are non-normalization reference component vectors, the combination coefficient of the first component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, the combination coefficient of the second component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the third component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the fourth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the fifth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the sixth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 1, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, the combination coefficient of the seventh component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2; the combination coefficient of the eighth component vector comprises a wideband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 3, a narrowband amplitude coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 0, and a narrowband phase coefficient whose quantization bit quantity is 2; and determining the precoding vector based on the indication information. 16. The medium according to claim 15, wherein 4 component vectors in the eight component vectors correspond to a first polarization, and remaining 4 component vectors in the eight component vectors correspond to a second polarization, the 4 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization are different from each other and the 4 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization are different from each other; for each component vector in the 4 component vectors corresponding to the first polarization, there is a same component vector in the 4 component vectors corresponding to the second polarization. | 3,600 |
346,902 | 16,805,373 | 3,612 | An example operation includes one or more of receiving indications from a plurality of transports, by a server, of another transport in proximity to the plurality of transports, forming a consensus, by the server, from the indications from the plurality of transports, and transmitting, by the server, a notification to one or more of the other transport and a device associated with the other transport, in response to the consensus. Each indication includes an identifier of the other transport and an identification of one or more ways the other transport is being operated in a different manner than intended. | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving indications from a plurality of transports, by a server, of another transport in proximity to the plurality of transports, each indication comprising an identifier of the other transport and an identification of one or more ways the other transport is being operated in a different manner than intended; forming a consensus, by the server, from the indications from the plurality of transports; and transmitting, by the server, a notification to one or more of the other transport and a device associated with the other transport, in response to the consensus. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising:
in response to the consensus, determining, by the server, a behavior pattern comprising the identification of one or more ways the other transport is being operated in a different manner than intended; and matching the behavior pattern to one or more of a different type of transport than the other transport and a different way of operating the other transport. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the notification comprises one or more of the different type of transport and the different way of operating the other transport. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the identifier of the other transport comprises one or more of a camera image and a physical description of an exterior of the other transport. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more ways the other transport is being operated in a different manner than intended comprises one or more of a speed, an acceleration, towing performance, and cargo capacity of the other transport. 6. The method of claim 1, comprising:
creating, by each of the plurality of transports, a blockchain transaction comprising the indications, wherein each of the plurality of transports, the other transport, and the server are nodes or peers of a blockchain network. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein one or more of the transports, the other transport, and the server form the consensus by validating the blockchain transactions. 8. A transport, comprising:
a processor; and a memory, coupled to the processor, comprising instructions that when executed by the processor are configured to:
receive indications from a plurality of transports of another transport in proximity to the plurality of transports, each indication comprising an identifier of the other transport and an identification of one or more ways the other transport is being operated in a different manner than intended;
form a consensus from the indications from the plurality of transports; and
transmit a notification to one or more of the other transport and a device associated with the other transport, in response to the consensus. 9. The transport of claim 8, in response to the consensus:
determining, by a server, a behavior pattern comprising the identification of one or more ways the other transport is being operated in a different manner than intended; and matching the behavior pattern to one or more of a different type of transport than the other transport and a different way of operating the other transport. 10. The transport of claim 8, wherein the notification comprises one or more of the different type of transport and the different way of operating the other transport. 11. The transport of claim 8, wherein the identifier of the other transport comprises one or more of a camera image and a physical description of an exterior of the other transport. 12. The transport of claim 8, wherein the one or more ways the other transport is being operated in a different manner than intended comprises one or more of a speed, an acceleration, towing performance, and cargo capacity of the other transport. 13. The transport of claim 8, further configured to:
create, by each of the plurality of transports, a blockchain transaction comprising the indications, wherein each of the plurality of transports, the other transport, and the server are nodes or peers of a blockchain network. 14. The transport of claim 13, wherein one or more of the transports, the other transport, and the server form the consensus by validating the blockchain transactions. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions, that when read by a processor, cause the processor to perform:
receiving indications from a plurality of transports, by a server, of another transport in proximity to the plurality of transports, each indication comprising an identifier of the other transport and an identification of one or more ways the other transport is being operated in a different manner than intended; forming a consensus, by the server, from the indications from the plurality of transports; and transmitting, by the server, a notification to one or more of the other transport and a device associated with the other transport, in response to the consensus. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, in response to the consensus:
determining, by the server, a behavior pattern comprising the identification of one or more ways the other transport is being operated in a different manner than intended; and matching the behavior pattern to one or more of a different type of transport than the other transport and a different way of operating the other transport. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the notification comprises one or more of the different type of transport and the different way of operating the other transport. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the identifier of the other transport comprises one or more of a camera image and a physical description of an exterior of the other transport, wherein the one or more ways the other transport is being operated in a different manner than intended comprises one or more of a speed, an acceleration, towing performance, and cargo capacity of the other transport. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the instructions cause the processor to further perform:
creating, by each of the plurality of transports, a blockchain transaction comprising the indications, wherein each of the plurality of transports, the other transport, and the server are nodes or peers of a blockchain network. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 19, wherein one or more of the transports, the other transport, and the server form the consensus by validating the blockchain transactions. | An example operation includes one or more of receiving indications from a plurality of transports, by a server, of another transport in proximity to the plurality of transports, forming a consensus, by the server, from the indications from the plurality of transports, and transmitting, by the server, a notification to one or more of the other transport and a device associated with the other transport, in response to the consensus. Each indication includes an identifier of the other transport and an identification of one or more ways the other transport is being operated in a different manner than intended.1. A method, comprising:
receiving indications from a plurality of transports, by a server, of another transport in proximity to the plurality of transports, each indication comprising an identifier of the other transport and an identification of one or more ways the other transport is being operated in a different manner than intended; forming a consensus, by the server, from the indications from the plurality of transports; and transmitting, by the server, a notification to one or more of the other transport and a device associated with the other transport, in response to the consensus. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising:
in response to the consensus, determining, by the server, a behavior pattern comprising the identification of one or more ways the other transport is being operated in a different manner than intended; and matching the behavior pattern to one or more of a different type of transport than the other transport and a different way of operating the other transport. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the notification comprises one or more of the different type of transport and the different way of operating the other transport. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the identifier of the other transport comprises one or more of a camera image and a physical description of an exterior of the other transport. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more ways the other transport is being operated in a different manner than intended comprises one or more of a speed, an acceleration, towing performance, and cargo capacity of the other transport. 6. The method of claim 1, comprising:
creating, by each of the plurality of transports, a blockchain transaction comprising the indications, wherein each of the plurality of transports, the other transport, and the server are nodes or peers of a blockchain network. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein one or more of the transports, the other transport, and the server form the consensus by validating the blockchain transactions. 8. A transport, comprising:
a processor; and a memory, coupled to the processor, comprising instructions that when executed by the processor are configured to:
receive indications from a plurality of transports of another transport in proximity to the plurality of transports, each indication comprising an identifier of the other transport and an identification of one or more ways the other transport is being operated in a different manner than intended;
form a consensus from the indications from the plurality of transports; and
transmit a notification to one or more of the other transport and a device associated with the other transport, in response to the consensus. 9. The transport of claim 8, in response to the consensus:
determining, by a server, a behavior pattern comprising the identification of one or more ways the other transport is being operated in a different manner than intended; and matching the behavior pattern to one or more of a different type of transport than the other transport and a different way of operating the other transport. 10. The transport of claim 8, wherein the notification comprises one or more of the different type of transport and the different way of operating the other transport. 11. The transport of claim 8, wherein the identifier of the other transport comprises one or more of a camera image and a physical description of an exterior of the other transport. 12. The transport of claim 8, wherein the one or more ways the other transport is being operated in a different manner than intended comprises one or more of a speed, an acceleration, towing performance, and cargo capacity of the other transport. 13. The transport of claim 8, further configured to:
create, by each of the plurality of transports, a blockchain transaction comprising the indications, wherein each of the plurality of transports, the other transport, and the server are nodes or peers of a blockchain network. 14. The transport of claim 13, wherein one or more of the transports, the other transport, and the server form the consensus by validating the blockchain transactions. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions, that when read by a processor, cause the processor to perform:
receiving indications from a plurality of transports, by a server, of another transport in proximity to the plurality of transports, each indication comprising an identifier of the other transport and an identification of one or more ways the other transport is being operated in a different manner than intended; forming a consensus, by the server, from the indications from the plurality of transports; and transmitting, by the server, a notification to one or more of the other transport and a device associated with the other transport, in response to the consensus. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, in response to the consensus:
determining, by the server, a behavior pattern comprising the identification of one or more ways the other transport is being operated in a different manner than intended; and matching the behavior pattern to one or more of a different type of transport than the other transport and a different way of operating the other transport. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the notification comprises one or more of the different type of transport and the different way of operating the other transport. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the identifier of the other transport comprises one or more of a camera image and a physical description of an exterior of the other transport, wherein the one or more ways the other transport is being operated in a different manner than intended comprises one or more of a speed, an acceleration, towing performance, and cargo capacity of the other transport. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the instructions cause the processor to further perform:
creating, by each of the plurality of transports, a blockchain transaction comprising the indications, wherein each of the plurality of transports, the other transport, and the server are nodes or peers of a blockchain network. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 19, wherein one or more of the transports, the other transport, and the server form the consensus by validating the blockchain transactions. | 3,600 |
346,903 | 16,805,376 | 3,612 | A coalescing agent for three-dimensional (3D) printing includes a co-solvent, a surfactant having a hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) value that is less than 10, a carbon black pigment, a polymeric dispersant, and a balance of water. The co-solvent is present in an amount ranging from about 15 wt % to about 30 wt % of a total wt % of the coalescing agent. The surfactant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.5 wt % to about 1.4 wt % of the total wt % of the coalescing agent. The carbon black pigment is present in an amount ranging from about 3.0 wt % to about 6.0 wt % of the total wt % of the coalescing agent. The polymeric dispersant has a weight average molecular weight ranging from about 12,000 to about 20,000. | 1. A layer of a 3D printed object, comprising:
a build material; and a coalescing agent applied on a surface of at least some of the build material, the coalescing agent including:
a co-solvent present in an amount ranging from about 15 wt % to about 30 wt % of a total wt % of the coalescing agent;
a surfactant present in an amount ranging from about 0.5 wt % to about 1.4 wt % of the total wt % of the coalescing agent, the surfactant having a hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) value that is less than 10;
a carbon black pigment present in an amount ranging from about 3.0 wt % to about 6.0 wt % of the total wt % of the coalescing agent;
a polymeric dispersant having a weight average molecular weight ranging from about 12,000 to about 20,000; and
a balance of water. 2. The layer as defined in claim 1 wherein the build material is a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyamide, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene, polyacetal, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polyester, polyurethanes, and blends thereof. 3. The layer as defined in claim 1 wherein the coalescing agent further includes:
an anti-kogation agent present in an amount ranging from greater than 0.20 wt % to about 0.62 wt % of the total wt % of the coalescing agent;
a chelator present in an amount ranging from about 0.03 wt % to about 0.10 wt % of the total wt % of the coalescing agent; and
a biocide present in an amount ranging from about 0.30 wt % to about 0.40 wt % of the total wt % of the coalescing agent. 4. The layer as defined in claim 1 wherein the co-solvent has a boiling point of less than 300° C., and wherein the co-solvent is selected from the group consisting of 2-Pyrrolidinone, 1,5-Pentanediol, Triethylene glycol, Tetraethylene glycol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,6-Hexanedol, and Tripropylene glycol methyl ether. 5. The layer as defined in claim 1 wherein the surfactant is a self-emulsifiable surfactant comprising an acetylenic diol or includes a combination of a fluorosurfactant and a self-emulsifiable surfactant comprising an acetylenic diol. 6. The layer as defined in claim 1 wherein the polymeric dispersant is selected from the group consisting of styrene acrylate and a polyurethane. 7. The layer as defined in claim 1 wherein the coalescing agent has a 10-ms dynamic surface tension of 26 dynes/cm. 8. The layer as defined in claim 3 wherein the anti-kogation agent includes a combination of a polyacrylic acid polymer and Oleth-3 Phosphate. | A coalescing agent for three-dimensional (3D) printing includes a co-solvent, a surfactant having a hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) value that is less than 10, a carbon black pigment, a polymeric dispersant, and a balance of water. The co-solvent is present in an amount ranging from about 15 wt % to about 30 wt % of a total wt % of the coalescing agent. The surfactant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.5 wt % to about 1.4 wt % of the total wt % of the coalescing agent. The carbon black pigment is present in an amount ranging from about 3.0 wt % to about 6.0 wt % of the total wt % of the coalescing agent. The polymeric dispersant has a weight average molecular weight ranging from about 12,000 to about 20,000.1. A layer of a 3D printed object, comprising:
a build material; and a coalescing agent applied on a surface of at least some of the build material, the coalescing agent including:
a co-solvent present in an amount ranging from about 15 wt % to about 30 wt % of a total wt % of the coalescing agent;
a surfactant present in an amount ranging from about 0.5 wt % to about 1.4 wt % of the total wt % of the coalescing agent, the surfactant having a hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) value that is less than 10;
a carbon black pigment present in an amount ranging from about 3.0 wt % to about 6.0 wt % of the total wt % of the coalescing agent;
a polymeric dispersant having a weight average molecular weight ranging from about 12,000 to about 20,000; and
a balance of water. 2. The layer as defined in claim 1 wherein the build material is a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyamide, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene, polyacetal, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polyester, polyurethanes, and blends thereof. 3. The layer as defined in claim 1 wherein the coalescing agent further includes:
an anti-kogation agent present in an amount ranging from greater than 0.20 wt % to about 0.62 wt % of the total wt % of the coalescing agent;
a chelator present in an amount ranging from about 0.03 wt % to about 0.10 wt % of the total wt % of the coalescing agent; and
a biocide present in an amount ranging from about 0.30 wt % to about 0.40 wt % of the total wt % of the coalescing agent. 4. The layer as defined in claim 1 wherein the co-solvent has a boiling point of less than 300° C., and wherein the co-solvent is selected from the group consisting of 2-Pyrrolidinone, 1,5-Pentanediol, Triethylene glycol, Tetraethylene glycol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,6-Hexanedol, and Tripropylene glycol methyl ether. 5. The layer as defined in claim 1 wherein the surfactant is a self-emulsifiable surfactant comprising an acetylenic diol or includes a combination of a fluorosurfactant and a self-emulsifiable surfactant comprising an acetylenic diol. 6. The layer as defined in claim 1 wherein the polymeric dispersant is selected from the group consisting of styrene acrylate and a polyurethane. 7. The layer as defined in claim 1 wherein the coalescing agent has a 10-ms dynamic surface tension of 26 dynes/cm. 8. The layer as defined in claim 3 wherein the anti-kogation agent includes a combination of a polyacrylic acid polymer and Oleth-3 Phosphate. | 3,600 |
346,904 | 16,805,370 | 3,612 | An Nkx3.2 fragment with improved stability under a histopathological environment of arthritis and a pharmaceutical composition containing the Nkx3.2 as an active ingredient are disclosed. The Nkx3.2 fragment has a function to activate NF-κB at the similar level to full-length Nkx3.2 and resistance to proteolysis by Siah1. In addition, the Nkx3.2 fragment exhibited at least a 10-fold improvement in degenerative arthritis treatment effect compared with Nkx3.2 in an animal model-based in vivo efficacy evaluation. Therefore, the Nkx3.2 fragment can be favorably used in the prevention or treatment of arthritis. | 1. A polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide of the following Formula (I):
N-terminal extension domain-core domain-C-terminal extension domain (I)
wherein the core domain is a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; the N-terminal extension domain is a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35 in which 1 to 53 amino acid residues are consecutively deletable from the N-terminus to the C-terminal direction, starting from the amino acid at position 1 of SEQ ID NO: 35; and the C-terminal extension domain is a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 in which 1 to 23 amino acid residues are consecutively deletable from the C-terminus to the N-terminal direction, starting from the amino acid at position 24 of SEQ ID NO: 5. 2. A polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 21, 12, 9, 10, 13, 14, 17, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, and 28. 3. A vector comprising the polynucleotide according to claim 1. 4. A recombinant virus comprising the polynucleotide according to claim 1. 5. A host cell infected with the recombinant virus of claim 4. 6. The recombinant virus according to claim 31, wherein the virus is selected from the group consisting of an adenovirus, an adeno-associated virus (AAV), a retrovirus, a lentivirus, a herpes simplex virus, and a vaccinia virus. 7. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the polynucleotide of claim 1, a vector comprising the polynucleotide of claim 1, or a recombinant virus comprising the polynucleotide of claim 1, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 8. A vector comprising the polynucleotide according to claim 2. 9. A recombinant virus comprising the polynucleotide according to claim 2. 10. A host cell infected with the recombinant virus of claim 9. 11. The recombinant virus according to claim 9, wherein the virus is selected from the group consisting of an adenovirus, an adeno-associated virus (AAV), a retrovirus, a lentivirus, a herpes simplex virus, and a vaccinia virus. 12. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the polynucleotide of claim 2, a vector comprising the polynucleotide of claim 2, or a recombinant virus comprising the polynucleotide of claim 2, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. | An Nkx3.2 fragment with improved stability under a histopathological environment of arthritis and a pharmaceutical composition containing the Nkx3.2 as an active ingredient are disclosed. The Nkx3.2 fragment has a function to activate NF-κB at the similar level to full-length Nkx3.2 and resistance to proteolysis by Siah1. In addition, the Nkx3.2 fragment exhibited at least a 10-fold improvement in degenerative arthritis treatment effect compared with Nkx3.2 in an animal model-based in vivo efficacy evaluation. Therefore, the Nkx3.2 fragment can be favorably used in the prevention or treatment of arthritis.1. A polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide of the following Formula (I):
N-terminal extension domain-core domain-C-terminal extension domain (I)
wherein the core domain is a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; the N-terminal extension domain is a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35 in which 1 to 53 amino acid residues are consecutively deletable from the N-terminus to the C-terminal direction, starting from the amino acid at position 1 of SEQ ID NO: 35; and the C-terminal extension domain is a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 in which 1 to 23 amino acid residues are consecutively deletable from the C-terminus to the N-terminal direction, starting from the amino acid at position 24 of SEQ ID NO: 5. 2. A polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 21, 12, 9, 10, 13, 14, 17, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, and 28. 3. A vector comprising the polynucleotide according to claim 1. 4. A recombinant virus comprising the polynucleotide according to claim 1. 5. A host cell infected with the recombinant virus of claim 4. 6. The recombinant virus according to claim 31, wherein the virus is selected from the group consisting of an adenovirus, an adeno-associated virus (AAV), a retrovirus, a lentivirus, a herpes simplex virus, and a vaccinia virus. 7. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the polynucleotide of claim 1, a vector comprising the polynucleotide of claim 1, or a recombinant virus comprising the polynucleotide of claim 1, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 8. A vector comprising the polynucleotide according to claim 2. 9. A recombinant virus comprising the polynucleotide according to claim 2. 10. A host cell infected with the recombinant virus of claim 9. 11. The recombinant virus according to claim 9, wherein the virus is selected from the group consisting of an adenovirus, an adeno-associated virus (AAV), a retrovirus, a lentivirus, a herpes simplex virus, and a vaccinia virus. 12. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the polynucleotide of claim 2, a vector comprising the polynucleotide of claim 2, or a recombinant virus comprising the polynucleotide of claim 2, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. | 3,600 |
346,905 | 16,805,377 | 3,612 | An Nkx3.2 fragment with improved stability under a histopathological environment of arthritis and a pharmaceutical composition containing the Nkx3.2 as an active ingredient are disclosed. The Nkx3.2 fragment has a function to activate NF-κB at the similar level to full-length Nkx3.2 and resistance to proteolysis by Siah1. In addition, the Nkx3.2 fragment exhibited at least a 10-fold improvement in degenerative arthritis treatment effect compared with Nkx3.2 in an animal model-based in vivo efficacy evaluation. Therefore, the Nkx3.2 fragment can be favorably used in the prevention or treatment of arthritis. | 1. A polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide of the following Formula (I):
N-terminal extension domain-core domain-C-terminal extension domain (I)
wherein the core domain is a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; the N-terminal extension domain is a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35 in which 1 to 53 amino acid residues are consecutively deletable from the N-terminus to the C-terminal direction, starting from the amino acid at position 1 of SEQ ID NO: 35; and the C-terminal extension domain is a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 in which 1 to 23 amino acid residues are consecutively deletable from the C-terminus to the N-terminal direction, starting from the amino acid at position 24 of SEQ ID NO: 5. 2. A polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 21, 12, 9, 10, 13, 14, 17, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, and 28. 3. A vector comprising the polynucleotide according to claim 1. 4. A recombinant virus comprising the polynucleotide according to claim 1. 5. A host cell infected with the recombinant virus of claim 4. 6. The recombinant virus according to claim 31, wherein the virus is selected from the group consisting of an adenovirus, an adeno-associated virus (AAV), a retrovirus, a lentivirus, a herpes simplex virus, and a vaccinia virus. 7. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the polynucleotide of claim 1, a vector comprising the polynucleotide of claim 1, or a recombinant virus comprising the polynucleotide of claim 1, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 8. A vector comprising the polynucleotide according to claim 2. 9. A recombinant virus comprising the polynucleotide according to claim 2. 10. A host cell infected with the recombinant virus of claim 9. 11. The recombinant virus according to claim 9, wherein the virus is selected from the group consisting of an adenovirus, an adeno-associated virus (AAV), a retrovirus, a lentivirus, a herpes simplex virus, and a vaccinia virus. 12. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the polynucleotide of claim 2, a vector comprising the polynucleotide of claim 2, or a recombinant virus comprising the polynucleotide of claim 2, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. | An Nkx3.2 fragment with improved stability under a histopathological environment of arthritis and a pharmaceutical composition containing the Nkx3.2 as an active ingredient are disclosed. The Nkx3.2 fragment has a function to activate NF-κB at the similar level to full-length Nkx3.2 and resistance to proteolysis by Siah1. In addition, the Nkx3.2 fragment exhibited at least a 10-fold improvement in degenerative arthritis treatment effect compared with Nkx3.2 in an animal model-based in vivo efficacy evaluation. Therefore, the Nkx3.2 fragment can be favorably used in the prevention or treatment of arthritis.1. A polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide of the following Formula (I):
N-terminal extension domain-core domain-C-terminal extension domain (I)
wherein the core domain is a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; the N-terminal extension domain is a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35 in which 1 to 53 amino acid residues are consecutively deletable from the N-terminus to the C-terminal direction, starting from the amino acid at position 1 of SEQ ID NO: 35; and the C-terminal extension domain is a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 in which 1 to 23 amino acid residues are consecutively deletable from the C-terminus to the N-terminal direction, starting from the amino acid at position 24 of SEQ ID NO: 5. 2. A polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 21, 12, 9, 10, 13, 14, 17, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, and 28. 3. A vector comprising the polynucleotide according to claim 1. 4. A recombinant virus comprising the polynucleotide according to claim 1. 5. A host cell infected with the recombinant virus of claim 4. 6. The recombinant virus according to claim 31, wherein the virus is selected from the group consisting of an adenovirus, an adeno-associated virus (AAV), a retrovirus, a lentivirus, a herpes simplex virus, and a vaccinia virus. 7. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the polynucleotide of claim 1, a vector comprising the polynucleotide of claim 1, or a recombinant virus comprising the polynucleotide of claim 1, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 8. A vector comprising the polynucleotide according to claim 2. 9. A recombinant virus comprising the polynucleotide according to claim 2. 10. A host cell infected with the recombinant virus of claim 9. 11. The recombinant virus according to claim 9, wherein the virus is selected from the group consisting of an adenovirus, an adeno-associated virus (AAV), a retrovirus, a lentivirus, a herpes simplex virus, and a vaccinia virus. 12. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the polynucleotide of claim 2, a vector comprising the polynucleotide of claim 2, or a recombinant virus comprising the polynucleotide of claim 2, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. | 3,600 |
346,906 | 16,805,384 | 3,612 | Sold-state intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging devices, systems, and methods are provided. Some embodiments of the present disclosure are particularly directed to compact and efficient circuit architectures and electrical interfaces for an ultrasound transducer array used in a solid-state IVUS system. In one embodiment, an intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) device includes: a flexible elongate member; an ultrasound scanner assembly disposed at a distal portion of the flexible elongate member, the ultrasound scanner assembly including an ultrasound transducer array; an interface coupler disposed at a proximal portion of the flexible elongate member; and a cable disposed within and extending along a length of the flexible elongate member between the ultrasound scanner assembly and the interface coupler. The cable includes four conductors electrically coupling the ultrasound scanner assembly and the interface coupler. | 1. An intraluminal imaging device, comprising:
a catheter comprising a distal portion configured to be positioned within a patient; a differential conductor pair extending within the catheter; a primary controller coupled to the distal portion of the catheter and in communication with the differential conductor pair; a plurality of secondary controllers coupled to the distal portion of the catheter and in communication with the primary controller; and a plurality of imaging elements coupled to the distal portion of the catheter, wherein the plurality of imaging elements is communication with the primary controller through the plurality of secondary controllers, and wherein the primary controller is configured to:
receive, from the differential conductor pair, a differential signal pair;
generate, based on the differential signal pair, a command signal comprising a transmit trigger to activate at least one imaging element of the plurality of imaging elements to emit ultrasonic energy; and
provide the command signal to a secondary controller of the plurality of secondary controllers. 2. The intraluminal imaging device of claim 1, wherein the primary controller is further configured to generate an operating voltage based on the differential signal pair, and provide the operating voltage to the secondary controller of the plurality of secondary controllers. 3. The intraluminal imaging device of claim 2, wherein the primary controller comprises a voltage divider. 4. The intraluminal imaging device of claim 1, wherein the command signal comprises an address associated with an imaging element of the plurality of imaging elements, and wherein the primary controller is configured to provide the command signal to a secondary controller corresponding to the imaging element associated with the address. 5. The intraluminal imaging device of claim 1, wherein the primary controller comprises a command decoder configured to generate the command signal based on the differential signal pair. 6. The intraluminal imaging device of claim 1, wherein the primary controller is in communication with the plurality of imaging elements only through the plurality of secondary controllers. 7. The intraluminal imaging device of claim 6, further comprising a plurality of conductive traces coupling the plurality of imaging elements to only the plurality of secondary controllers. 8. The intraluminal imaging device of claim 1, wherein the primary controller is aligned with the plurality of secondary controllers such that the primary controller and the plurality of secondary controllers are disposed around a longitudinal axis of the catheter. 9. The intraluminal imaging device of claim 8, wherein the primary controller comprises a same shape as each secondary controller of the plurality of secondary controllers. 10. The intraluminal imaging device of claim 1, further comprising a high voltage conductor extending within the catheter and configured to supply a voltage to drive the activated imaging element to emit the ultrasonic energy. 11. The intraluminal imaging device of claim 10, further comprising a ground conductor extending within the catheter. 12. The intraluminal imaging device of claim 1, wherein the primary controller is configured to generate, based on the differential signal pair, a second command signal comprising a receive trigger to activate an imaging element of the plurality of imaging elements to receive ultrasonic echoes of the emitted ultrasonic energy. 13. The intraluminal imaging device of claim 12, wherein the primary controller comprises an echo amplifier configured to:
receive, from the imaging element activated to receive the ultrasonic echoes, an electrical signal representative of the ultrasonic echoes; and output an amplified electrical signal via the differential conductor pair. 14. The intraluminal imaging device of claim 13, wherein the echo amplifier comprises a differential amplifier. | Sold-state intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging devices, systems, and methods are provided. Some embodiments of the present disclosure are particularly directed to compact and efficient circuit architectures and electrical interfaces for an ultrasound transducer array used in a solid-state IVUS system. In one embodiment, an intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) device includes: a flexible elongate member; an ultrasound scanner assembly disposed at a distal portion of the flexible elongate member, the ultrasound scanner assembly including an ultrasound transducer array; an interface coupler disposed at a proximal portion of the flexible elongate member; and a cable disposed within and extending along a length of the flexible elongate member between the ultrasound scanner assembly and the interface coupler. The cable includes four conductors electrically coupling the ultrasound scanner assembly and the interface coupler.1. An intraluminal imaging device, comprising:
a catheter comprising a distal portion configured to be positioned within a patient; a differential conductor pair extending within the catheter; a primary controller coupled to the distal portion of the catheter and in communication with the differential conductor pair; a plurality of secondary controllers coupled to the distal portion of the catheter and in communication with the primary controller; and a plurality of imaging elements coupled to the distal portion of the catheter, wherein the plurality of imaging elements is communication with the primary controller through the plurality of secondary controllers, and wherein the primary controller is configured to:
receive, from the differential conductor pair, a differential signal pair;
generate, based on the differential signal pair, a command signal comprising a transmit trigger to activate at least one imaging element of the plurality of imaging elements to emit ultrasonic energy; and
provide the command signal to a secondary controller of the plurality of secondary controllers. 2. The intraluminal imaging device of claim 1, wherein the primary controller is further configured to generate an operating voltage based on the differential signal pair, and provide the operating voltage to the secondary controller of the plurality of secondary controllers. 3. The intraluminal imaging device of claim 2, wherein the primary controller comprises a voltage divider. 4. The intraluminal imaging device of claim 1, wherein the command signal comprises an address associated with an imaging element of the plurality of imaging elements, and wherein the primary controller is configured to provide the command signal to a secondary controller corresponding to the imaging element associated with the address. 5. The intraluminal imaging device of claim 1, wherein the primary controller comprises a command decoder configured to generate the command signal based on the differential signal pair. 6. The intraluminal imaging device of claim 1, wherein the primary controller is in communication with the plurality of imaging elements only through the plurality of secondary controllers. 7. The intraluminal imaging device of claim 6, further comprising a plurality of conductive traces coupling the plurality of imaging elements to only the plurality of secondary controllers. 8. The intraluminal imaging device of claim 1, wherein the primary controller is aligned with the plurality of secondary controllers such that the primary controller and the plurality of secondary controllers are disposed around a longitudinal axis of the catheter. 9. The intraluminal imaging device of claim 8, wherein the primary controller comprises a same shape as each secondary controller of the plurality of secondary controllers. 10. The intraluminal imaging device of claim 1, further comprising a high voltage conductor extending within the catheter and configured to supply a voltage to drive the activated imaging element to emit the ultrasonic energy. 11. The intraluminal imaging device of claim 10, further comprising a ground conductor extending within the catheter. 12. The intraluminal imaging device of claim 1, wherein the primary controller is configured to generate, based on the differential signal pair, a second command signal comprising a receive trigger to activate an imaging element of the plurality of imaging elements to receive ultrasonic echoes of the emitted ultrasonic energy. 13. The intraluminal imaging device of claim 12, wherein the primary controller comprises an echo amplifier configured to:
receive, from the imaging element activated to receive the ultrasonic echoes, an electrical signal representative of the ultrasonic echoes; and output an amplified electrical signal via the differential conductor pair. 14. The intraluminal imaging device of claim 13, wherein the echo amplifier comprises a differential amplifier. | 3,600 |
346,907 | 16,805,347 | 3,612 | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described for management of conditional handover (CHO) configurations. A source base station may configure a user equipment (UE) with one or more CHO configurations for multiple target base stations. The CHO configurations may provide, for each target base station, one or more associated conditions that may trigger the UE to initiate a handover to the particular target base station, or to deconfigure a CHO configuration, such as based on a measurement threshold of one or more target base station measurements, one or more source base station measurements, or combinations thereof. The CHO configurations may also include failure handling information for initiating one or more subsequent handovers responsive to a failure of an initial handover attempt. | 1. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving, from a source base station, a conditional handover configuration that indicates one or more target base stations, one or more measurement thresholds for initiating a handover from the source base station to the one or more target base stations, and one or more timers associated with the handover to the one or more target base stations; determining, based at least in part on the conditional handover configuration, that a first measurement threshold for initiating the handover to a first target base station is satisfied; transmitting, based at least in part on the conditional handover configuration, a first random access request to the first target base station to initiate a first random access procedure for the handover to the first target base station; starting a first conditional handover timer for completing the first random access procedure responsive to the transmitting the first random access request; and determining a first conditional handover failure responsive to the first conditional handover timer expiring prior to completing the first random access procedure. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more timers include at least the first conditional handover timer for completing the first random access procedure with the first target base station. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the conditional handover configuration includes at least a first conditional handover configuration for the first target base station and a second conditional handover configuration for a second target base station. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising
transmitting, responsive to the first conditional handover timer expiring, a second random access request to a second target base station to initiate a second random access procedure for the handover to the second target base station; and starting a second conditional handover timer for completing the second random access procedure. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
initiating a connection re-establishment procedure upon determining that no other target base stations are configured for conditional handover. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein a first duration of the first conditional handover timer is different than a second duration of the second conditional handover timer. 7. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
selecting, responsive to the first conditional handover timer expiring, the second target base station from a plurality of available target base stations based at least in part on a channel quality measurement associated with each of the plurality of available target base stations. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising
initiating, responsive to the first conditional handover timer expiring, a connection re-establishment procedure. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from the source base station, a deconfiguration message that deconfigures one or more conditional handover configurations; and deconfiguring the one or more conditional handover configurations based at least in part on the deconfiguration message. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the deconfiguration message is received in radio resource control signaling from the source base station. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
deleting one or more of a radio resource control configuration or a first measurement and reporting configuration for conditional handover trigger provided in a first conditional handover configuration; and discontinuing conditional handover measurements associated with the conditional handover configuration and evaluation of whether the measurements meet conditional handover criteria. 12-24. (canceled) 25. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive, from a source base station, a conditional handover configuration that indicates one or more target base stations, one or more measurement thresholds for initiating a handover from the source base station to the one or more target base stations, and one or more timers associated with the handover to the one or more target base stations;
determine, based at least in part on the conditional handover configuration, that a first measurement threshold for initiating the handover to a first target base station is satisfied;
transmit, based at least in part on the conditional handover configuration, a first random access request to the first target base station to initiate a first random access procedure for the handover to the first target base station;
start a first conditional handover timer for completing the first random access procedure responsive to the transmitting the first random access request; and
determine a first conditional handover failure responsive to the first conditional handover timer expiring prior to completing the first random access procedure. 26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the one or more timers include at least the first conditional handover timer for completing the first random access procedure with the first target base station. 27. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
transmit, responsive to the first conditional handover timer expiring a second random access request to a second target base station to initiate a second random access procedure for the handover to the second target base station; and start a second conditional handover timer for completing the second random access procedure. 28. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
initiate, responsive to the first conditional handover timer expiring, a connection re-establishment procedure. 29. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive, from the source base station, a deconfiguration message that deconfigures one or more conditional handover configurations; and deconfigure the one or more conditional handover configurations based at least in part on the deconfiguration message. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the deconfiguration message is received in radio resource control signaling from the source base station, and wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
delete one or more of a radio resource control configuration or a first measurement and reporting configuration for conditional handover trigger provided in a first conditional handover configuration; and discontinue conditional handover measurements associated with the conditional handover configuration and evaluation of whether the measurements meet conditional handover criteria. 31. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the deconfiguration message is received in radio resource control signaling from the source base station. 32. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the conditional handover configuration includes at least a first conditional handover configuration for the first target base station and a second conditional handover configuration for a second target base station. 33. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
initiate a connection re-establishment procedure upon determining that no other target base stations are configured for conditional handover. 34. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein a first duration of the first conditional handover timer is different than a second duration of the second conditional handover timer. 35. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
select, responsive to the first conditional handover timer expiring, the second target base station from a plurality of available target base stations based at least in part on a channel quality measurement associated with each of the plurality of available target base stations. 36. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
means for receiving, from a source base station, a conditional handover configuration that indicates one or more target base stations, one or more measurement thresholds for initiating a handover from the source base station to the one or more target base stations, and one or more timers associated with the handover to the one or more target base stations; means for determining, based at least in part on the conditional handover configuration, that a first measurement threshold for initiating the handover to a first target base station is satisfied; means for transmitting, based at least in part on the conditional handover configuration, a first random access request to the first target base station to initiate a first random access procedure for the handover to the first target base station; means for starting a first conditional handover timer for completing the first random access procedure responsive to the transmitting the first random access request; and means for determining a first conditional handover failure responsive to the first conditional handover timer expiring prior to completing the first random access procedure. 37. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the one or more timers include at least the first conditional handover timer for completing the first random access procedure with the first target base station. 38. The apparatus of claim 36, further comprising:
means for transmitting, responsive to the first conditional handover timer expiring, a second random access request to a second target base station to initiate a second random access procedure for the handover to the second target base station; and means for starting a second conditional handover timer for completing the second random access procedure. 39. The apparatus of claim 36, further comprising:
means for initiating a connection re-establishment procedure upon determining that no other target base stations are configured for conditional handover. 40. The apparatus of claim 36, further comprising:
means for receiving, from the source base station, a deconfiguration message that deconfigures one or more conditional handover configurations; and means for deconfiguring the one or more conditional handover configurations based at least in part on the deconfiguration message. 41. The apparatus of claim 40, further comprising:
means for deleting one or more of a radio resource control configuration or a first measurement and reporting configuration for conditional handover trigger provided in a first conditional handover configuration; and means for discontinuing conditional handover measurements associated with the conditional handover configuration and evaluation of whether the measurements meet conditional handover criteria. 42. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to:
receive, from a source base station, a conditional handover configuration that indicates one or more target base stations, one or more measurement thresholds for initiating a handover from the source base station to the one or more target base stations, and one or more timers associated with the handover to the one or more target base stations; determine, based at least in part on the conditional handover configuration, that a first measurement threshold for initiating the handover to a first target base station is satisfied; transmit, based at least in part on the conditional handover configuration, a first random access request to the first target base station to initiate a first random access procedure for the handover to the first target base station; start a first conditional handover timer for completing the first random access procedure responsive to the transmitting the first random access request; and determine a first conditional handover failure responsive to the first conditional handover timer expiring prior to completing the first random access procedure. | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described for management of conditional handover (CHO) configurations. A source base station may configure a user equipment (UE) with one or more CHO configurations for multiple target base stations. The CHO configurations may provide, for each target base station, one or more associated conditions that may trigger the UE to initiate a handover to the particular target base station, or to deconfigure a CHO configuration, such as based on a measurement threshold of one or more target base station measurements, one or more source base station measurements, or combinations thereof. The CHO configurations may also include failure handling information for initiating one or more subsequent handovers responsive to a failure of an initial handover attempt.1. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving, from a source base station, a conditional handover configuration that indicates one or more target base stations, one or more measurement thresholds for initiating a handover from the source base station to the one or more target base stations, and one or more timers associated with the handover to the one or more target base stations; determining, based at least in part on the conditional handover configuration, that a first measurement threshold for initiating the handover to a first target base station is satisfied; transmitting, based at least in part on the conditional handover configuration, a first random access request to the first target base station to initiate a first random access procedure for the handover to the first target base station; starting a first conditional handover timer for completing the first random access procedure responsive to the transmitting the first random access request; and determining a first conditional handover failure responsive to the first conditional handover timer expiring prior to completing the first random access procedure. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more timers include at least the first conditional handover timer for completing the first random access procedure with the first target base station. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the conditional handover configuration includes at least a first conditional handover configuration for the first target base station and a second conditional handover configuration for a second target base station. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising
transmitting, responsive to the first conditional handover timer expiring, a second random access request to a second target base station to initiate a second random access procedure for the handover to the second target base station; and starting a second conditional handover timer for completing the second random access procedure. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
initiating a connection re-establishment procedure upon determining that no other target base stations are configured for conditional handover. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein a first duration of the first conditional handover timer is different than a second duration of the second conditional handover timer. 7. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
selecting, responsive to the first conditional handover timer expiring, the second target base station from a plurality of available target base stations based at least in part on a channel quality measurement associated with each of the plurality of available target base stations. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising
initiating, responsive to the first conditional handover timer expiring, a connection re-establishment procedure. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from the source base station, a deconfiguration message that deconfigures one or more conditional handover configurations; and deconfiguring the one or more conditional handover configurations based at least in part on the deconfiguration message. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the deconfiguration message is received in radio resource control signaling from the source base station. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
deleting one or more of a radio resource control configuration or a first measurement and reporting configuration for conditional handover trigger provided in a first conditional handover configuration; and discontinuing conditional handover measurements associated with the conditional handover configuration and evaluation of whether the measurements meet conditional handover criteria. 12-24. (canceled) 25. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive, from a source base station, a conditional handover configuration that indicates one or more target base stations, one or more measurement thresholds for initiating a handover from the source base station to the one or more target base stations, and one or more timers associated with the handover to the one or more target base stations;
determine, based at least in part on the conditional handover configuration, that a first measurement threshold for initiating the handover to a first target base station is satisfied;
transmit, based at least in part on the conditional handover configuration, a first random access request to the first target base station to initiate a first random access procedure for the handover to the first target base station;
start a first conditional handover timer for completing the first random access procedure responsive to the transmitting the first random access request; and
determine a first conditional handover failure responsive to the first conditional handover timer expiring prior to completing the first random access procedure. 26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the one or more timers include at least the first conditional handover timer for completing the first random access procedure with the first target base station. 27. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
transmit, responsive to the first conditional handover timer expiring a second random access request to a second target base station to initiate a second random access procedure for the handover to the second target base station; and start a second conditional handover timer for completing the second random access procedure. 28. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
initiate, responsive to the first conditional handover timer expiring, a connection re-establishment procedure. 29. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive, from the source base station, a deconfiguration message that deconfigures one or more conditional handover configurations; and deconfigure the one or more conditional handover configurations based at least in part on the deconfiguration message. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the deconfiguration message is received in radio resource control signaling from the source base station, and wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
delete one or more of a radio resource control configuration or a first measurement and reporting configuration for conditional handover trigger provided in a first conditional handover configuration; and discontinue conditional handover measurements associated with the conditional handover configuration and evaluation of whether the measurements meet conditional handover criteria. 31. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the deconfiguration message is received in radio resource control signaling from the source base station. 32. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the conditional handover configuration includes at least a first conditional handover configuration for the first target base station and a second conditional handover configuration for a second target base station. 33. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
initiate a connection re-establishment procedure upon determining that no other target base stations are configured for conditional handover. 34. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein a first duration of the first conditional handover timer is different than a second duration of the second conditional handover timer. 35. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
select, responsive to the first conditional handover timer expiring, the second target base station from a plurality of available target base stations based at least in part on a channel quality measurement associated with each of the plurality of available target base stations. 36. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
means for receiving, from a source base station, a conditional handover configuration that indicates one or more target base stations, one or more measurement thresholds for initiating a handover from the source base station to the one or more target base stations, and one or more timers associated with the handover to the one or more target base stations; means for determining, based at least in part on the conditional handover configuration, that a first measurement threshold for initiating the handover to a first target base station is satisfied; means for transmitting, based at least in part on the conditional handover configuration, a first random access request to the first target base station to initiate a first random access procedure for the handover to the first target base station; means for starting a first conditional handover timer for completing the first random access procedure responsive to the transmitting the first random access request; and means for determining a first conditional handover failure responsive to the first conditional handover timer expiring prior to completing the first random access procedure. 37. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the one or more timers include at least the first conditional handover timer for completing the first random access procedure with the first target base station. 38. The apparatus of claim 36, further comprising:
means for transmitting, responsive to the first conditional handover timer expiring, a second random access request to a second target base station to initiate a second random access procedure for the handover to the second target base station; and means for starting a second conditional handover timer for completing the second random access procedure. 39. The apparatus of claim 36, further comprising:
means for initiating a connection re-establishment procedure upon determining that no other target base stations are configured for conditional handover. 40. The apparatus of claim 36, further comprising:
means for receiving, from the source base station, a deconfiguration message that deconfigures one or more conditional handover configurations; and means for deconfiguring the one or more conditional handover configurations based at least in part on the deconfiguration message. 41. The apparatus of claim 40, further comprising:
means for deleting one or more of a radio resource control configuration or a first measurement and reporting configuration for conditional handover trigger provided in a first conditional handover configuration; and means for discontinuing conditional handover measurements associated with the conditional handover configuration and evaluation of whether the measurements meet conditional handover criteria. 42. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to:
receive, from a source base station, a conditional handover configuration that indicates one or more target base stations, one or more measurement thresholds for initiating a handover from the source base station to the one or more target base stations, and one or more timers associated with the handover to the one or more target base stations; determine, based at least in part on the conditional handover configuration, that a first measurement threshold for initiating the handover to a first target base station is satisfied; transmit, based at least in part on the conditional handover configuration, a first random access request to the first target base station to initiate a first random access procedure for the handover to the first target base station; start a first conditional handover timer for completing the first random access procedure responsive to the transmitting the first random access request; and determine a first conditional handover failure responsive to the first conditional handover timer expiring prior to completing the first random access procedure. | 3,600 |
346,908 | 16,805,375 | 3,612 | An apparatus for measuring blood clotting time includes a blood clot detection instrument and a cuvette for use with the blood clot detection instrument. The cuvette includes a blood sample receptor-inlet; a channel arrangement including at least one test channel for performing a blood clotting time measurement, a sampling channel having at least one surface portion that is hydrophilic, communicating with the blood sample receptor-inlet and the at least one test channel, and a waste channel having at least one surface portion that is hydrophilic, communicating with the sampling channel; and a vent opening communicating with the sampling channel. The sampling channel, the vent opening and the waste channel, coact to automatically draw a requisite volume of a blood sample deposited at the blood receptor-inlet, into the sampling channel. More specifically, air compressed within the blood clot detection instrument, the at least one test channel of the cuvette, and the section of the sampling channel extending beyond the vent opening of the cuvette, coacts with the waste channel to cause a leading edge of the blood sample drawn into the sampling channel from the blood receptor-inlet, to pull back within the sampling channel and uncover an optical sensor in of the blood clot detection instrument. The uncovering of the optical sensor activates a pump module of the blood clot detection instrument, which draws the requisite volume of the blood sample into the at least one test channel. | 1-57. (canceled) 58. A method for measuring blood clotting time, the method comprising:
coupling a cuvette to a blood clot detection instrument, wherein the blood clot detection instrument comprises:
a pump module; and
at least one pressure sensor; and
wherein the cuvette comprises:
a main body including:
i) a blood sample receptor-inlet;
ii) a channel arrangement comprising:
a) at least one test channel for communicating with the pump module when the cuvette is operatively coupled to the clot detection instrument;
b) a sampling channel fluidically coupled to the at least on test channel and to a sample deposit area at the blood sample receptor-inlet, at least a portion of the sampling channel having a hydrophilic surface such that blood is automatically drawn from the sample-receptor inlet; and
c) a vent opening fluidically coupled to the sampling channel, the vent opening configured to vent air from the sampling channel as the sampling channel fills with blood, a predetermined sample volume defined by a volume of the sampling channel between the sample-receptor inlet and the vent opening; and
d) a waste channel fluidically coupled to the sampling channel between the blood sample receptor-inlet and the vent opening, a flow restriction at an intersection of the waste channel and the sampling channel impeding blood from flowing into the waste channel until the sampling channel is filled to the vent opening such that the sampling channel automatically fills with the predetermined sample volume. 59. The method of claim 58, wherein the channel arrangement further comprises a vent channel connecting the vent opening with the sampling channel. 60. The method of claim 58, further comprising performing automatic volumetric filling of the cuvette. 61. The method of claim 60, wherein the automatic volumetric filling of the cuvette comprises:
commencing the automatic volumetric filling when a blood sample is deposited onto a receptor-inlet of the cuvette. 62. The method of claim 61, wherein the blood sample is deposited onto the receptor-inlet by one of a finger after a fingerstick, a needle, a dropper, a pipette, a capillary tube, or any other suitable depositing device. 63. The method of claim 60, wherein a force generated by a hydrophilic portion of the sampling channel initially draws the blood sample into the sampling channel until the vent channel becomes filled. 64. The method of claim 60, wherein dead air in the vent channel and a section of the sampling channel extending between the receptor-inlet and the vent channel is vented through the vent opening of the vent channel as the blood sample fills the vent channel and a section of the sampling channel extending between the receptor-inlet and the vent channel. 65. The method of claim 63, wherein the force generated by a hydrophilic portion of the sampling channel draws from the blood sample deposited on the receptor-inlet into the sampling channel such that the blood sample in the sampling channel overshoots the vent channel and covers an optical sensor of the blood clot detection instrument once the vent channel has been filled. 66. A method for measuring blood clotting time, the method comprising:
performing an automatic blood clotting test using a cuvette coupled to a blood clot detection instrument, wherein the blood clot detection instrument comprises:
a pump module; and
at least one pressure sensor; and
wherein the cuvette comprises:
a main body including:
i) a blood sample receptor-inlet;
ii) a channel arrangement comprising:
a) at least one test channel for communicating with the pump module when the cuvette is operatively coupled to the clot detection instrument;
b) a sampling channel fluidically coupled to the at least on test channel and to a sample deposit area at the blood sample receptor-inlet, at least a portion of the sampling channel having a hydrophilic surface such that blood is automatically drawn from the sample-receptor inlet; and
c) a vent opening fluidically coupled to the sampling channel, the vent opening configured to vent air from the sampling channel as the sampling channel fills with blood, a predetermined sample volume defined by a volume of the sampling channel between the sample-receptor inlet and the vent opening; and
d) a waste channel fluidically coupled to the sampling channel between the blood sample receptor-inlet and the vent opening, a flow restriction at an intersection of the waste channel and the sampling channel impeding blood from flowing into the waste channel until the sampling channel is filled to the vent opening such that the sampling channel automatically fills with the predetermined sample volume. 67. The method of claim 66, wherein the at least one test channel includes a dehydrated clot promoting reagent for triggering and accelerating blood clotting. 68. The method of claim 66, wherein the pump module automatically switches into a pumping mode where it alternatively creates positive and negative pressures in the at least one test channel of the cuvette when the pump module draws the blood sample into the at least one test channel of the cuvette. 69. The method of claim 68, wherein the blood sample rehydrates the dehydrated clot promoting reagent and mixes with the dehydrated clot promoting reagent in the at least one test channel. | An apparatus for measuring blood clotting time includes a blood clot detection instrument and a cuvette for use with the blood clot detection instrument. The cuvette includes a blood sample receptor-inlet; a channel arrangement including at least one test channel for performing a blood clotting time measurement, a sampling channel having at least one surface portion that is hydrophilic, communicating with the blood sample receptor-inlet and the at least one test channel, and a waste channel having at least one surface portion that is hydrophilic, communicating with the sampling channel; and a vent opening communicating with the sampling channel. The sampling channel, the vent opening and the waste channel, coact to automatically draw a requisite volume of a blood sample deposited at the blood receptor-inlet, into the sampling channel. More specifically, air compressed within the blood clot detection instrument, the at least one test channel of the cuvette, and the section of the sampling channel extending beyond the vent opening of the cuvette, coacts with the waste channel to cause a leading edge of the blood sample drawn into the sampling channel from the blood receptor-inlet, to pull back within the sampling channel and uncover an optical sensor in of the blood clot detection instrument. The uncovering of the optical sensor activates a pump module of the blood clot detection instrument, which draws the requisite volume of the blood sample into the at least one test channel.1-57. (canceled) 58. A method for measuring blood clotting time, the method comprising:
coupling a cuvette to a blood clot detection instrument, wherein the blood clot detection instrument comprises:
a pump module; and
at least one pressure sensor; and
wherein the cuvette comprises:
a main body including:
i) a blood sample receptor-inlet;
ii) a channel arrangement comprising:
a) at least one test channel for communicating with the pump module when the cuvette is operatively coupled to the clot detection instrument;
b) a sampling channel fluidically coupled to the at least on test channel and to a sample deposit area at the blood sample receptor-inlet, at least a portion of the sampling channel having a hydrophilic surface such that blood is automatically drawn from the sample-receptor inlet; and
c) a vent opening fluidically coupled to the sampling channel, the vent opening configured to vent air from the sampling channel as the sampling channel fills with blood, a predetermined sample volume defined by a volume of the sampling channel between the sample-receptor inlet and the vent opening; and
d) a waste channel fluidically coupled to the sampling channel between the blood sample receptor-inlet and the vent opening, a flow restriction at an intersection of the waste channel and the sampling channel impeding blood from flowing into the waste channel until the sampling channel is filled to the vent opening such that the sampling channel automatically fills with the predetermined sample volume. 59. The method of claim 58, wherein the channel arrangement further comprises a vent channel connecting the vent opening with the sampling channel. 60. The method of claim 58, further comprising performing automatic volumetric filling of the cuvette. 61. The method of claim 60, wherein the automatic volumetric filling of the cuvette comprises:
commencing the automatic volumetric filling when a blood sample is deposited onto a receptor-inlet of the cuvette. 62. The method of claim 61, wherein the blood sample is deposited onto the receptor-inlet by one of a finger after a fingerstick, a needle, a dropper, a pipette, a capillary tube, or any other suitable depositing device. 63. The method of claim 60, wherein a force generated by a hydrophilic portion of the sampling channel initially draws the blood sample into the sampling channel until the vent channel becomes filled. 64. The method of claim 60, wherein dead air in the vent channel and a section of the sampling channel extending between the receptor-inlet and the vent channel is vented through the vent opening of the vent channel as the blood sample fills the vent channel and a section of the sampling channel extending between the receptor-inlet and the vent channel. 65. The method of claim 63, wherein the force generated by a hydrophilic portion of the sampling channel draws from the blood sample deposited on the receptor-inlet into the sampling channel such that the blood sample in the sampling channel overshoots the vent channel and covers an optical sensor of the blood clot detection instrument once the vent channel has been filled. 66. A method for measuring blood clotting time, the method comprising:
performing an automatic blood clotting test using a cuvette coupled to a blood clot detection instrument, wherein the blood clot detection instrument comprises:
a pump module; and
at least one pressure sensor; and
wherein the cuvette comprises:
a main body including:
i) a blood sample receptor-inlet;
ii) a channel arrangement comprising:
a) at least one test channel for communicating with the pump module when the cuvette is operatively coupled to the clot detection instrument;
b) a sampling channel fluidically coupled to the at least on test channel and to a sample deposit area at the blood sample receptor-inlet, at least a portion of the sampling channel having a hydrophilic surface such that blood is automatically drawn from the sample-receptor inlet; and
c) a vent opening fluidically coupled to the sampling channel, the vent opening configured to vent air from the sampling channel as the sampling channel fills with blood, a predetermined sample volume defined by a volume of the sampling channel between the sample-receptor inlet and the vent opening; and
d) a waste channel fluidically coupled to the sampling channel between the blood sample receptor-inlet and the vent opening, a flow restriction at an intersection of the waste channel and the sampling channel impeding blood from flowing into the waste channel until the sampling channel is filled to the vent opening such that the sampling channel automatically fills with the predetermined sample volume. 67. The method of claim 66, wherein the at least one test channel includes a dehydrated clot promoting reagent for triggering and accelerating blood clotting. 68. The method of claim 66, wherein the pump module automatically switches into a pumping mode where it alternatively creates positive and negative pressures in the at least one test channel of the cuvette when the pump module draws the blood sample into the at least one test channel of the cuvette. 69. The method of claim 68, wherein the blood sample rehydrates the dehydrated clot promoting reagent and mixes with the dehydrated clot promoting reagent in the at least one test channel. | 3,600 |
346,909 | 16,805,358 | 3,612 | Systems and methods for training a classifier binary model of a natural language understanding (NLU) system are disclosed herein. A determination is made as to whether a text string, with a content entity, includes an obsequious expression. In response to determining the text string includes an obsequious expression, a determination is made as to whether the obsequious expression describes the content entity. The model is trained based on a determination of at least one of: an absence of an obsequious expression in response to determining the obsequious expression describes the content entity; a presence of an obsequious expression in response to determining the obsequious expression describes the content entity; an absence of an obsequious expression in response to determining the obsequious expression does not describe the content entity, and a presence of an obsequious expression in response to determining the obsequious expression does not describe the content entity. | 1. A method of training a natural language model of a natural language understanding (NLU) system, the method comprising:
receiving a text string including at least a content entity; determining whether the text string includes an obsequious expression; in response to determining the text string includes an obsequious expression, determining whether the obsequious expression describes the content entity; and training the classifier binary model based on a determination of at least one of:
an absence of an obsequious expression in response to determining the obsequious expression describes the content entity;
a presence of an obsequious expression in response to determining the obsequious expression describes the content entity;
an absence of an obsequious expression in response to determining the obsequious expression does not describe the content entity; and
a presence of an obsequious expression in response to determining the obsequious expression does not describe the content entity. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the obsequious expression describes the content entity comprises performing a natural language recognition process selected from a group of hidden Markov model, dynamic time warping, and artificial neural networks. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the text string includes an obsequious expression comprises comparing the obsequious expression to a list of stored obsequious expressions for a match. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising in response to determining the text string includes an obsequious expression, updating a database with an indication of presence of an obsequious expression. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising in response to determining the text string includes an obsequious expression and in response to determining the obsequious expression does not describe the content entity, updating a database with an indication of presence of the obsequious expression. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising in response to determining the text string includes an obsequious expression and in response to determining the obsequious expression describes the content entity, updating a database with an indication of absence of an obsequious expression. 7. A system for training a natural language model of a natural language understanding (NLU) system, the system comprising:
input circuit configured to receive a text string including at least a content entity; and control circuitry configured to:
receive a text string including at least a content entity;
determine whether the text string includes an obsequious expression,
in response to determining the text string includes an obsequious expression, determine whether the obsequious expression describes the content entity; and
train the classifier binary model based on a determination of at least one of:
an absence of an obsequious expression in response to determining the obsequious expression describes the content entity;
a presence of an obsequious expression in response to determining the obsequious expression describes the content entity;
an absence of an obsequious expression in response to determining the obsequious expression does not describe the content entity, and
a presence of an obsequious expression in response to determining the obsequious expression does not describe the content entity. 8. The system of claim 8, wherein to determine whether the obsequious expression describes the content entity, the control circuitry is further configured to perform a natural language recognition process selected from a group of hidden Markov model, dynamic time warping, and artificial neural networks. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein to determine whether the text string includes an obsequious expression, the control circuitry is further configured to compare the obsequious expression to a list of stored obsequious expressions for a match. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein in response to determining the text string includes an obsequious expression, the control circuitry is further configured to update a database with an indication of presence of an obsequious expression. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein in response to determining the text string includes an obsequious expression and in response to determining the obsequious expression does not describe the content entity, the control circuitry is further configured to update a database with an indication of presence of an obsequious expression. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein in response to determining the text string includes an obsequious expression and in response to determining the obsequious expression describes the content entity, the control circuitry is further configured to update a database with an indication of absence of an obsequious expression. | Systems and methods for training a classifier binary model of a natural language understanding (NLU) system are disclosed herein. A determination is made as to whether a text string, with a content entity, includes an obsequious expression. In response to determining the text string includes an obsequious expression, a determination is made as to whether the obsequious expression describes the content entity. The model is trained based on a determination of at least one of: an absence of an obsequious expression in response to determining the obsequious expression describes the content entity; a presence of an obsequious expression in response to determining the obsequious expression describes the content entity; an absence of an obsequious expression in response to determining the obsequious expression does not describe the content entity, and a presence of an obsequious expression in response to determining the obsequious expression does not describe the content entity.1. A method of training a natural language model of a natural language understanding (NLU) system, the method comprising:
receiving a text string including at least a content entity; determining whether the text string includes an obsequious expression; in response to determining the text string includes an obsequious expression, determining whether the obsequious expression describes the content entity; and training the classifier binary model based on a determination of at least one of:
an absence of an obsequious expression in response to determining the obsequious expression describes the content entity;
a presence of an obsequious expression in response to determining the obsequious expression describes the content entity;
an absence of an obsequious expression in response to determining the obsequious expression does not describe the content entity; and
a presence of an obsequious expression in response to determining the obsequious expression does not describe the content entity. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the obsequious expression describes the content entity comprises performing a natural language recognition process selected from a group of hidden Markov model, dynamic time warping, and artificial neural networks. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the text string includes an obsequious expression comprises comparing the obsequious expression to a list of stored obsequious expressions for a match. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising in response to determining the text string includes an obsequious expression, updating a database with an indication of presence of an obsequious expression. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising in response to determining the text string includes an obsequious expression and in response to determining the obsequious expression does not describe the content entity, updating a database with an indication of presence of the obsequious expression. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising in response to determining the text string includes an obsequious expression and in response to determining the obsequious expression describes the content entity, updating a database with an indication of absence of an obsequious expression. 7. A system for training a natural language model of a natural language understanding (NLU) system, the system comprising:
input circuit configured to receive a text string including at least a content entity; and control circuitry configured to:
receive a text string including at least a content entity;
determine whether the text string includes an obsequious expression,
in response to determining the text string includes an obsequious expression, determine whether the obsequious expression describes the content entity; and
train the classifier binary model based on a determination of at least one of:
an absence of an obsequious expression in response to determining the obsequious expression describes the content entity;
a presence of an obsequious expression in response to determining the obsequious expression describes the content entity;
an absence of an obsequious expression in response to determining the obsequious expression does not describe the content entity, and
a presence of an obsequious expression in response to determining the obsequious expression does not describe the content entity. 8. The system of claim 8, wherein to determine whether the obsequious expression describes the content entity, the control circuitry is further configured to perform a natural language recognition process selected from a group of hidden Markov model, dynamic time warping, and artificial neural networks. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein to determine whether the text string includes an obsequious expression, the control circuitry is further configured to compare the obsequious expression to a list of stored obsequious expressions for a match. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein in response to determining the text string includes an obsequious expression, the control circuitry is further configured to update a database with an indication of presence of an obsequious expression. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein in response to determining the text string includes an obsequious expression and in response to determining the obsequious expression does not describe the content entity, the control circuitry is further configured to update a database with an indication of presence of an obsequious expression. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein in response to determining the text string includes an obsequious expression and in response to determining the obsequious expression describes the content entity, the control circuitry is further configured to update a database with an indication of absence of an obsequious expression. | 3,600 |
346,910 | 16,805,365 | 3,612 | A method of operating a chiller to avoid future surge events, the method comprises applying chiller operating data associated with a chiller as an input to one or more machine learning models; and generating a threshold for a controllable chiller variable to prevent a future chiller surge event from occurring based on an output of the one or more machine learning models, further comprising affecting operation of the chiller based on the threshold to prevent the future chiller surge event from occurring. The method enables automatic control of a chiller to avoid future chiller surge events. | 1. A method of operating a chiller to avoid future surge events, the method comprising:
applying chiller operating data associated with a chiller as an input to one or more machine learning models; and generating a threshold for a controllable chiller variable to prevent a future chiller surge event from occurring based on an output of the one or more machine learning models, further comprising affecting operation of the chiller based on the threshold to prevent the future chiller surge event from occurring. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating the one or more machine learning models by:
creating a set of training data by:
detecting a past surge event in historical chiller operating data, and
labeling a portion of the historical chiller operating data as surge chiller operating data associated with the past surge event; and
training the one or more machine learning models with the set of training data. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the surge chiller operating data comprise a timeseries including values of one or more variables of the historical chiller operating data associated with times before and during the past surge event. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein affecting operation of the chiller comprises determining, based on the output of the one or more machine learning models, values of one or more controllable chiller variables that are predicted to prevent the future surge event, the one or more controllable chiller variables comprising at least one of:
a variable speed drive frequency; a pre-rotational vane position; or a variable geometry diffuser position. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the controllable chiller variable is a first controllable chiller variable and affecting operation of the chiller further comprises:
adjusting the first controllable chiller variable to affect a cooling capacity of the chiller until either:
the cooling capacity of the chiller reaches a desired cooling capacity; or
the first controllable chiller variable reaches the threshold; and
in response to the first controllable chiller variable reaching the threshold before the cooling capacity of the chiller reaches the desired cooling capacity, adjusting a second controllable chiller variable until the cooling capacity of the chiller reaches the desired cooling capacity. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the chiller operating data comprises at least one of a refrigerant type, a discharge pressure, a suction pressure, a stall voltage, an input current, a bearing position, a current variable speed drive frequency, a current pre-rotational vane position, or a current variable geometry diffuser position. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the input to the one or more machine learning models comprises a value of the controllable chiller variable and the output of the one or more machine learning models comprises a probability that the future chiller surge event will occur if the value of the controllable chiller variable is used to operate the chiller, and wherein generating the threshold for the controllable chiller variable comprises:
comparing the probability that the future chiller surge event will occur with a probability threshold; and setting the threshold for the controllable chiller variable to the value of the controllable chiller variable in response to determining that the probability that the future chiller surge event will occur does not violate the probability threshold. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the input to the one or more machine learning models comprises a probability that the future chiller surge event will occur, and wherein the output of the one or more machine learning models comprises a value for the threshold for the controllable chiller variable. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more machine learning models comprise at least one of a neural network, random forest, or a support vector machine. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the output of the one or more machine learning models comprises probabilities for a plurality of values for the controllable chiller variable, and wherein generating the threshold for the controllable chiller variable comprises selecting one of the plurality of values for the controllable chiller variable based on the probabilities for the plurality of values for the controllable chiller variable. 11. A system comprising one or more memory devices storing instructions thereon that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
provide chiller operating data associated with a chiller as an input to one or more machine learning models; and provide a threshold for a controllable chiller variable to prevent a future chiller surge event from occurring using the one or more machine learning models. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to generate the one or more machine learning models by:
creating a set of training data by:
detecting a past surge event in historical chiller operating data, and
labeling a portion of the historical chiller operating data as surge chiller operating data associated with the past surge event; and
training the one or more machine learning models with the set of training data. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the input to the one or more machine learning models comprises a value of the controllable chiller variable and an output of the one or more machine learning models comprises a probability that the future chiller surge event will occur if the value of the controllable chiller variable is used to operate the chiller, and wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to generate the threshold for the controllable chiller variable by:
comparing the probability that the future chiller surge event will occur with a probability threshold; and setting the threshold for the controllable chiller variable to the value of the controllable chiller variable in response to determining that the probability that the future chiller surge event will occur does not violate the probability threshold. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to affect operation of the chiller to avoid applying a control signal with a value that exceeds the threshold. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the controllable chiller variable is a first controllable chiller variable and wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to affect operation of the chiller by:
adjusting the first controllable chiller variable to affect a cooling capacity of the chiller until either:
the cooling capacity of the chiller reaches a desired cooling capacity; or
the first controllable chiller variable reaches the threshold; and
in response to the first controllable chiller variable reaching the threshold before the cooling capacity of the chiller reaches the desired cooling capacity, adjusting a second controllable chiller variable until the cooling capacity of the chiller reaches the desired cooling capacity. 16. A method of operating a chiller, the method comprising:
generating a first threshold for a first controllable chiller variable corresponding to a probability of a future chiller surge event occurring based on an output of one or more machine learning models; determining whether a chiller can handle a cooling capacity based on the first threshold for the first controllable chiller variable; based on determining that the chiller would not be able to handle the cooling capacity based on the first threshold for the first controllable chiller variable, generating a second threshold for a second controllable chiller variable corresponding to the probability of the future chiller surge event occurring based on a second output of the one or more machine learning models; and affecting operation of the chiller based on the first threshold and the second threshold. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the first controllable chiller variable is a pre-rotational vane position or a variable geometry diffuser position and the first threshold is a first upper boundary corresponding to the probability of the future chiller surge event occurring, and wherein the second controllable chiller variable is a variable speed drive frequency and the second threshold is a second upper boundary corresponding to the probability of the future chiller surge event occurring. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the first controllable chiller variable is a variable speed drive frequency and the first threshold is a first lower boundary corresponding to the probability of the future chiller surge event occurring, and wherein the second controllable chiller variable is a pre-rotational vane position or a variable geometry diffuser position and the second threshold is a second lower boundary corresponding to the probability of the future chiller surge event occurring. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the probability is a first probability, and wherein generating the first threshold for the first controllable chiller variable corresponding to the probability of the future chiller surge event occurring comprises:
obtaining a first output from the one or more machine learning models indicating a second probability that a surge will occur; based on a first difference between the second probability and the first probability exceeding a third threshold, updating a value for the first controllable chiller variable of a chiller operating data to obtain updated chiller operating data; providing the updated chiller operating data to the one or more machine learning models to obtain a third probability; and based on a second difference between the third probability and the first probability being less than the third threshold, generating the first threshold for the first controllable chiller variable based on the updated value. 20. The method of claim 16, operation of the chiller further comprises:
adjusting the first controllable chiller variable to affect a cooling capacity of the chiller until either:
the cooling capacity of the chiller reaches a desired cooling capacity; or
the first controllable chiller variable reaches the first threshold; and
in response to the first controllable chiller variable reaching the first threshold before the cooling capacity of the chiller reaches the desired cooling capacity, adjusting the second controllable chiller variable until the cooling capacity of the chiller reaches the desired cooling capacity. | A method of operating a chiller to avoid future surge events, the method comprises applying chiller operating data associated with a chiller as an input to one or more machine learning models; and generating a threshold for a controllable chiller variable to prevent a future chiller surge event from occurring based on an output of the one or more machine learning models, further comprising affecting operation of the chiller based on the threshold to prevent the future chiller surge event from occurring. The method enables automatic control of a chiller to avoid future chiller surge events.1. A method of operating a chiller to avoid future surge events, the method comprising:
applying chiller operating data associated with a chiller as an input to one or more machine learning models; and generating a threshold for a controllable chiller variable to prevent a future chiller surge event from occurring based on an output of the one or more machine learning models, further comprising affecting operation of the chiller based on the threshold to prevent the future chiller surge event from occurring. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating the one or more machine learning models by:
creating a set of training data by:
detecting a past surge event in historical chiller operating data, and
labeling a portion of the historical chiller operating data as surge chiller operating data associated with the past surge event; and
training the one or more machine learning models with the set of training data. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the surge chiller operating data comprise a timeseries including values of one or more variables of the historical chiller operating data associated with times before and during the past surge event. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein affecting operation of the chiller comprises determining, based on the output of the one or more machine learning models, values of one or more controllable chiller variables that are predicted to prevent the future surge event, the one or more controllable chiller variables comprising at least one of:
a variable speed drive frequency; a pre-rotational vane position; or a variable geometry diffuser position. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the controllable chiller variable is a first controllable chiller variable and affecting operation of the chiller further comprises:
adjusting the first controllable chiller variable to affect a cooling capacity of the chiller until either:
the cooling capacity of the chiller reaches a desired cooling capacity; or
the first controllable chiller variable reaches the threshold; and
in response to the first controllable chiller variable reaching the threshold before the cooling capacity of the chiller reaches the desired cooling capacity, adjusting a second controllable chiller variable until the cooling capacity of the chiller reaches the desired cooling capacity. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the chiller operating data comprises at least one of a refrigerant type, a discharge pressure, a suction pressure, a stall voltage, an input current, a bearing position, a current variable speed drive frequency, a current pre-rotational vane position, or a current variable geometry diffuser position. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the input to the one or more machine learning models comprises a value of the controllable chiller variable and the output of the one or more machine learning models comprises a probability that the future chiller surge event will occur if the value of the controllable chiller variable is used to operate the chiller, and wherein generating the threshold for the controllable chiller variable comprises:
comparing the probability that the future chiller surge event will occur with a probability threshold; and setting the threshold for the controllable chiller variable to the value of the controllable chiller variable in response to determining that the probability that the future chiller surge event will occur does not violate the probability threshold. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the input to the one or more machine learning models comprises a probability that the future chiller surge event will occur, and wherein the output of the one or more machine learning models comprises a value for the threshold for the controllable chiller variable. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more machine learning models comprise at least one of a neural network, random forest, or a support vector machine. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the output of the one or more machine learning models comprises probabilities for a plurality of values for the controllable chiller variable, and wherein generating the threshold for the controllable chiller variable comprises selecting one of the plurality of values for the controllable chiller variable based on the probabilities for the plurality of values for the controllable chiller variable. 11. A system comprising one or more memory devices storing instructions thereon that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
provide chiller operating data associated with a chiller as an input to one or more machine learning models; and provide a threshold for a controllable chiller variable to prevent a future chiller surge event from occurring using the one or more machine learning models. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to generate the one or more machine learning models by:
creating a set of training data by:
detecting a past surge event in historical chiller operating data, and
labeling a portion of the historical chiller operating data as surge chiller operating data associated with the past surge event; and
training the one or more machine learning models with the set of training data. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the input to the one or more machine learning models comprises a value of the controllable chiller variable and an output of the one or more machine learning models comprises a probability that the future chiller surge event will occur if the value of the controllable chiller variable is used to operate the chiller, and wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to generate the threshold for the controllable chiller variable by:
comparing the probability that the future chiller surge event will occur with a probability threshold; and setting the threshold for the controllable chiller variable to the value of the controllable chiller variable in response to determining that the probability that the future chiller surge event will occur does not violate the probability threshold. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to affect operation of the chiller to avoid applying a control signal with a value that exceeds the threshold. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the controllable chiller variable is a first controllable chiller variable and wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to affect operation of the chiller by:
adjusting the first controllable chiller variable to affect a cooling capacity of the chiller until either:
the cooling capacity of the chiller reaches a desired cooling capacity; or
the first controllable chiller variable reaches the threshold; and
in response to the first controllable chiller variable reaching the threshold before the cooling capacity of the chiller reaches the desired cooling capacity, adjusting a second controllable chiller variable until the cooling capacity of the chiller reaches the desired cooling capacity. 16. A method of operating a chiller, the method comprising:
generating a first threshold for a first controllable chiller variable corresponding to a probability of a future chiller surge event occurring based on an output of one or more machine learning models; determining whether a chiller can handle a cooling capacity based on the first threshold for the first controllable chiller variable; based on determining that the chiller would not be able to handle the cooling capacity based on the first threshold for the first controllable chiller variable, generating a second threshold for a second controllable chiller variable corresponding to the probability of the future chiller surge event occurring based on a second output of the one or more machine learning models; and affecting operation of the chiller based on the first threshold and the second threshold. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the first controllable chiller variable is a pre-rotational vane position or a variable geometry diffuser position and the first threshold is a first upper boundary corresponding to the probability of the future chiller surge event occurring, and wherein the second controllable chiller variable is a variable speed drive frequency and the second threshold is a second upper boundary corresponding to the probability of the future chiller surge event occurring. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the first controllable chiller variable is a variable speed drive frequency and the first threshold is a first lower boundary corresponding to the probability of the future chiller surge event occurring, and wherein the second controllable chiller variable is a pre-rotational vane position or a variable geometry diffuser position and the second threshold is a second lower boundary corresponding to the probability of the future chiller surge event occurring. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the probability is a first probability, and wherein generating the first threshold for the first controllable chiller variable corresponding to the probability of the future chiller surge event occurring comprises:
obtaining a first output from the one or more machine learning models indicating a second probability that a surge will occur; based on a first difference between the second probability and the first probability exceeding a third threshold, updating a value for the first controllable chiller variable of a chiller operating data to obtain updated chiller operating data; providing the updated chiller operating data to the one or more machine learning models to obtain a third probability; and based on a second difference between the third probability and the first probability being less than the third threshold, generating the first threshold for the first controllable chiller variable based on the updated value. 20. The method of claim 16, operation of the chiller further comprises:
adjusting the first controllable chiller variable to affect a cooling capacity of the chiller until either:
the cooling capacity of the chiller reaches a desired cooling capacity; or
the first controllable chiller variable reaches the first threshold; and
in response to the first controllable chiller variable reaching the first threshold before the cooling capacity of the chiller reaches the desired cooling capacity, adjusting the second controllable chiller variable until the cooling capacity of the chiller reaches the desired cooling capacity. | 3,600 |
346,911 | 16,805,359 | 2,864 | A monitoring device includes a cavity assembly with a plurality of cavities. Openings of the plurality of cavities are distributed about a flow-facing surface of the cavity assembly. A gas pressure sensor is disposed within each of the cavities, and is configured to measure an absolute pressure of a gas flow which flows past the monitoring device. Gas pressure measurements from the pressure sensors may be used to determine a flow speed and a flow direction of the gas flow. More specifically, a mapping may be used to map the logarithm of the difference between the maximum and minimum pressures to a flow speed. Further, a lookup table may be used to map a pattern of pressure measurements to a flow direction. | 1. A monitoring device, comprising:
a cavity assembly with a plurality of cavities; a plurality of sensors; and a sensor support that supports the plurality of sensors, wherein the cavity assembly has a first interface that is formed by a sensor-facing surface with a first plurality of openings, wherein each one of the first plurality of openings is fluidly connected with one of the plurality of cavities, wherein the sensor support has a second interface that is formed by a top surface of the sensor support and the plurality of sensors, wherein the first interface is geometrically complementary to the second interface, and wherein the second interface is geometrically complementary to the first interface. 2. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the sensor-facing surface is a planar surface. 3. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the top surface of the sensor support is a planar surface. 4. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors is disposed on the top surface of the sensor support. 5. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors is disposed in a single plane. 6. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein each one of the first plurality of openings from the first interface is configured to receive one of the plurality of sensors from the second interface. 7. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein a portion of the sensor-facing surface abuts the top surface of the sensor support. 8. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the top surface of the sensor support seals the first plurality of openings. 9. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the cavity assembly includes a second plurality of openings, wherein each one of the second plurality of openings is disposed on a flow-facing surface of the cavity assembly and is fluidly connected to one of the plurality of cavities. 10. The monitoring device of claim 9, wherein the flow-facing surface is a three-dimensional surface that is convex and radially symmetric. 11. The monitoring device of claim 1, further comprising a base portion that is secured to the sensor support, wherein the base portion includes a controller and a transceiver. 12. The monitoring device of claim 11, where the sensor support is disposed between the cavity assembly and the base portion. 13. The monitoring device of claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to receive at least one absolute gas pressure measurement from each of the sensors, and determine a speed and a direction of a gas flow from the absolute gas pressure measurements. 14. The monitoring device of claim 13, wherein the transceiver is configured to receive the speed and direction of the gas flow from the controller and wirelessly transmit the speed and direction of the gas flow to a base station located remotely from the monitoring device. 15. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors includes nine sensors that are arranged in a 3 by 3 grid. 16. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of openings includes nine openings that are arranged in a 3 by 3 grid. 17. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of cavities includes a plurality of cylindrical channels. 18. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of cavities includes a plurality of channels, and wherein at least two of the channels have lengths that are different from one another. 19. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors includes pressure sensors. 20. The monitoring device of claim 19, wherein the pressure sensors are configured to measure absolute pressure. | A monitoring device includes a cavity assembly with a plurality of cavities. Openings of the plurality of cavities are distributed about a flow-facing surface of the cavity assembly. A gas pressure sensor is disposed within each of the cavities, and is configured to measure an absolute pressure of a gas flow which flows past the monitoring device. Gas pressure measurements from the pressure sensors may be used to determine a flow speed and a flow direction of the gas flow. More specifically, a mapping may be used to map the logarithm of the difference between the maximum and minimum pressures to a flow speed. Further, a lookup table may be used to map a pattern of pressure measurements to a flow direction.1. A monitoring device, comprising:
a cavity assembly with a plurality of cavities; a plurality of sensors; and a sensor support that supports the plurality of sensors, wherein the cavity assembly has a first interface that is formed by a sensor-facing surface with a first plurality of openings, wherein each one of the first plurality of openings is fluidly connected with one of the plurality of cavities, wherein the sensor support has a second interface that is formed by a top surface of the sensor support and the plurality of sensors, wherein the first interface is geometrically complementary to the second interface, and wherein the second interface is geometrically complementary to the first interface. 2. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the sensor-facing surface is a planar surface. 3. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the top surface of the sensor support is a planar surface. 4. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors is disposed on the top surface of the sensor support. 5. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors is disposed in a single plane. 6. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein each one of the first plurality of openings from the first interface is configured to receive one of the plurality of sensors from the second interface. 7. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein a portion of the sensor-facing surface abuts the top surface of the sensor support. 8. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the top surface of the sensor support seals the first plurality of openings. 9. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the cavity assembly includes a second plurality of openings, wherein each one of the second plurality of openings is disposed on a flow-facing surface of the cavity assembly and is fluidly connected to one of the plurality of cavities. 10. The monitoring device of claim 9, wherein the flow-facing surface is a three-dimensional surface that is convex and radially symmetric. 11. The monitoring device of claim 1, further comprising a base portion that is secured to the sensor support, wherein the base portion includes a controller and a transceiver. 12. The monitoring device of claim 11, where the sensor support is disposed between the cavity assembly and the base portion. 13. The monitoring device of claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to receive at least one absolute gas pressure measurement from each of the sensors, and determine a speed and a direction of a gas flow from the absolute gas pressure measurements. 14. The monitoring device of claim 13, wherein the transceiver is configured to receive the speed and direction of the gas flow from the controller and wirelessly transmit the speed and direction of the gas flow to a base station located remotely from the monitoring device. 15. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors includes nine sensors that are arranged in a 3 by 3 grid. 16. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of openings includes nine openings that are arranged in a 3 by 3 grid. 17. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of cavities includes a plurality of cylindrical channels. 18. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of cavities includes a plurality of channels, and wherein at least two of the channels have lengths that are different from one another. 19. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors includes pressure sensors. 20. The monitoring device of claim 19, wherein the pressure sensors are configured to measure absolute pressure. | 2,800 |
346,912 | 16,805,401 | 2,864 | A monitoring device includes a cavity assembly with a plurality of cavities. Openings of the plurality of cavities are distributed about a flow-facing surface of the cavity assembly. A gas pressure sensor is disposed within each of the cavities, and is configured to measure an absolute pressure of a gas flow which flows past the monitoring device. Gas pressure measurements from the pressure sensors may be used to determine a flow speed and a flow direction of the gas flow. More specifically, a mapping may be used to map the logarithm of the difference between the maximum and minimum pressures to a flow speed. Further, a lookup table may be used to map a pattern of pressure measurements to a flow direction. | 1. A monitoring device, comprising:
a cavity assembly with a plurality of cavities; a plurality of sensors; and a sensor support that supports the plurality of sensors, wherein the cavity assembly has a first interface that is formed by a sensor-facing surface with a first plurality of openings, wherein each one of the first plurality of openings is fluidly connected with one of the plurality of cavities, wherein the sensor support has a second interface that is formed by a top surface of the sensor support and the plurality of sensors, wherein the first interface is geometrically complementary to the second interface, and wherein the second interface is geometrically complementary to the first interface. 2. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the sensor-facing surface is a planar surface. 3. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the top surface of the sensor support is a planar surface. 4. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors is disposed on the top surface of the sensor support. 5. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors is disposed in a single plane. 6. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein each one of the first plurality of openings from the first interface is configured to receive one of the plurality of sensors from the second interface. 7. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein a portion of the sensor-facing surface abuts the top surface of the sensor support. 8. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the top surface of the sensor support seals the first plurality of openings. 9. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the cavity assembly includes a second plurality of openings, wherein each one of the second plurality of openings is disposed on a flow-facing surface of the cavity assembly and is fluidly connected to one of the plurality of cavities. 10. The monitoring device of claim 9, wherein the flow-facing surface is a three-dimensional surface that is convex and radially symmetric. 11. The monitoring device of claim 1, further comprising a base portion that is secured to the sensor support, wherein the base portion includes a controller and a transceiver. 12. The monitoring device of claim 11, where the sensor support is disposed between the cavity assembly and the base portion. 13. The monitoring device of claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to receive at least one absolute gas pressure measurement from each of the sensors, and determine a speed and a direction of a gas flow from the absolute gas pressure measurements. 14. The monitoring device of claim 13, wherein the transceiver is configured to receive the speed and direction of the gas flow from the controller and wirelessly transmit the speed and direction of the gas flow to a base station located remotely from the monitoring device. 15. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors includes nine sensors that are arranged in a 3 by 3 grid. 16. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of openings includes nine openings that are arranged in a 3 by 3 grid. 17. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of cavities includes a plurality of cylindrical channels. 18. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of cavities includes a plurality of channels, and wherein at least two of the channels have lengths that are different from one another. 19. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors includes pressure sensors. 20. The monitoring device of claim 19, wherein the pressure sensors are configured to measure absolute pressure. | A monitoring device includes a cavity assembly with a plurality of cavities. Openings of the plurality of cavities are distributed about a flow-facing surface of the cavity assembly. A gas pressure sensor is disposed within each of the cavities, and is configured to measure an absolute pressure of a gas flow which flows past the monitoring device. Gas pressure measurements from the pressure sensors may be used to determine a flow speed and a flow direction of the gas flow. More specifically, a mapping may be used to map the logarithm of the difference between the maximum and minimum pressures to a flow speed. Further, a lookup table may be used to map a pattern of pressure measurements to a flow direction.1. A monitoring device, comprising:
a cavity assembly with a plurality of cavities; a plurality of sensors; and a sensor support that supports the plurality of sensors, wherein the cavity assembly has a first interface that is formed by a sensor-facing surface with a first plurality of openings, wherein each one of the first plurality of openings is fluidly connected with one of the plurality of cavities, wherein the sensor support has a second interface that is formed by a top surface of the sensor support and the plurality of sensors, wherein the first interface is geometrically complementary to the second interface, and wherein the second interface is geometrically complementary to the first interface. 2. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the sensor-facing surface is a planar surface. 3. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the top surface of the sensor support is a planar surface. 4. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors is disposed on the top surface of the sensor support. 5. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors is disposed in a single plane. 6. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein each one of the first plurality of openings from the first interface is configured to receive one of the plurality of sensors from the second interface. 7. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein a portion of the sensor-facing surface abuts the top surface of the sensor support. 8. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the top surface of the sensor support seals the first plurality of openings. 9. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the cavity assembly includes a second plurality of openings, wherein each one of the second plurality of openings is disposed on a flow-facing surface of the cavity assembly and is fluidly connected to one of the plurality of cavities. 10. The monitoring device of claim 9, wherein the flow-facing surface is a three-dimensional surface that is convex and radially symmetric. 11. The monitoring device of claim 1, further comprising a base portion that is secured to the sensor support, wherein the base portion includes a controller and a transceiver. 12. The monitoring device of claim 11, where the sensor support is disposed between the cavity assembly and the base portion. 13. The monitoring device of claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to receive at least one absolute gas pressure measurement from each of the sensors, and determine a speed and a direction of a gas flow from the absolute gas pressure measurements. 14. The monitoring device of claim 13, wherein the transceiver is configured to receive the speed and direction of the gas flow from the controller and wirelessly transmit the speed and direction of the gas flow to a base station located remotely from the monitoring device. 15. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors includes nine sensors that are arranged in a 3 by 3 grid. 16. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of openings includes nine openings that are arranged in a 3 by 3 grid. 17. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of cavities includes a plurality of cylindrical channels. 18. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of cavities includes a plurality of channels, and wherein at least two of the channels have lengths that are different from one another. 19. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors includes pressure sensors. 20. The monitoring device of claim 19, wherein the pressure sensors are configured to measure absolute pressure. | 2,800 |
346,913 | 16,805,396 | 2,864 | Embodiments of the present invention provide methods, systems, computer program products, and apparatuses for processing package delivery exceptions. In one embodiment, a method for processing an item delivery exception for an item that is to be delivered by a carrier is provided. The method comprises receiving an exception request associated with the item; notifying a delivery vehicle driver of the exception request; receiving input indicating a unique RFID identifier, wherein the unique RFID identifier identifies an exception RFID tag attached to the item; associating the unique RFID identifier with the unique item identifier; after receiving a request to locate the item, activating an RFID reader array, wherein the RFID reader array is located at a facility associated with the carrier; and based at least in part on the detection of the item by at least one RFID reader of the RFID reader array, calculating an estimated location of the item. | 1. A method for managing item delivery by locating an item subject to an item delivery exception using radio frequency identification, the method comprising:
activating a first plurality of radio frequency identification (RFID) readers of an RFID reader array in response to receipt of a request to locate an item, wherein activating an RFID reader causes the RFID reader to broadcast a signal, and wherein the first plurality of RFID readers comprises RFID readers pseudo-randomly selected from the RFID reader array; responsive to an absence of the plurality of RFID readers detecting a response signal from an RFID tag corresponding to the item within a predetermined period of time, activating a second plurality of RFID readers of the RFID reader array; and responsive to detection of the response signal from the RFID tag corresponding to the item by at least one of the second plurality of RFID readers, generating an estimated location of the item. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the at least one RFID reader is associated with the second set of RFID readers located in the delivery vehicle; and communicating, by the carrier server and via the at least one network, an updated delivery route to the driver computing device associated with the delivery vehicle. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the estimated location of the item within the facility comprises:
receiving, from the at least one of the second plurality of RFID readers, data indicating detection of the response signal from the RFID tag; and calculating a location of the item within the facility based at least in part on the received data. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising communicating the generated location of the item to a client device for presentation. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein responsive to receiving an indication that the item was located, disassociating, by the carrier server, the RFID tag from the item. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising associating, by the carrier server, the RFID tag with another item. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the second plurality of RFID readers is associated with a vehicle. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising receiving an updated delivery route based at least in part on detection of the RFID tag. 9. A system for managing item delivery by locating an item using radio frequency identification, the system comprising:
at least one processor; and computer storage memory having stored thereon computer readable instructions that when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising:
activating a first plurality of sensors of a sensor array, wherein activating a sensor causes the sensor to broadcast a signal, and wherein the first plurality of sensors comprises sensors pseudo-randomly selected from the sensor array;
responsive to an absence of the first plurality of sensors detecting a response signal from a tag within a predetermined period of time, activating a second plurality of sensors of the sensor array; and
responsive to detection of the response signal from the tag by at least one of the second plurality of sensors, generating an estimated location of the item. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the sensors comprise radio frequency identification (RFID) readers. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the operations further comprise providing the estimated location of the item to a remote computing device for display. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein the first plurality of sensors of the sensor array are activated responsive to a request to locate an item associated with the tag. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the operations further comprise:
responsive to receiving an indication that the item was located, disassociating the tag from the item. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the operations further comprise:
associating the tag with another item. 15. A non-transitory computer product comprising at least one computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable instructions that when executed by one or more processors cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
activating a first plurality of radio frequency identification (RFID) readers of an RFID reader array in response to receipt of a request to locate an item, wherein activating an RFID reader causes the RFID reader to broadcast a signal, and wherein the first plurality of RFID readers comprises RFID readers pseudo-randomly selected from the RFID reader array; activating a second plurality of RFID readers of the RFID reader array in response to an absence of the plurality of RFID readers detecting a response signal from an RFID tag corresponding to the item within a predetermined period of time; and generating an estimated location of the item responsive to detection of the response signal from the RFID tag corresponding to the item by at least one of the second plurality of RFID readers. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining that the at least one RFID reader is associated with the second set of RFID readers is located in a delivery vehicle; and communicating an updated delivery route to the driver computing device associated with the delivery vehicle. 17. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise communicating the generated location of the item to a client device for presentation. 18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise disassociating the RFID tag from the item in response to receiving an indication that the item was located. | Embodiments of the present invention provide methods, systems, computer program products, and apparatuses for processing package delivery exceptions. In one embodiment, a method for processing an item delivery exception for an item that is to be delivered by a carrier is provided. The method comprises receiving an exception request associated with the item; notifying a delivery vehicle driver of the exception request; receiving input indicating a unique RFID identifier, wherein the unique RFID identifier identifies an exception RFID tag attached to the item; associating the unique RFID identifier with the unique item identifier; after receiving a request to locate the item, activating an RFID reader array, wherein the RFID reader array is located at a facility associated with the carrier; and based at least in part on the detection of the item by at least one RFID reader of the RFID reader array, calculating an estimated location of the item.1. A method for managing item delivery by locating an item subject to an item delivery exception using radio frequency identification, the method comprising:
activating a first plurality of radio frequency identification (RFID) readers of an RFID reader array in response to receipt of a request to locate an item, wherein activating an RFID reader causes the RFID reader to broadcast a signal, and wherein the first plurality of RFID readers comprises RFID readers pseudo-randomly selected from the RFID reader array; responsive to an absence of the plurality of RFID readers detecting a response signal from an RFID tag corresponding to the item within a predetermined period of time, activating a second plurality of RFID readers of the RFID reader array; and responsive to detection of the response signal from the RFID tag corresponding to the item by at least one of the second plurality of RFID readers, generating an estimated location of the item. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the at least one RFID reader is associated with the second set of RFID readers located in the delivery vehicle; and communicating, by the carrier server and via the at least one network, an updated delivery route to the driver computing device associated with the delivery vehicle. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the estimated location of the item within the facility comprises:
receiving, from the at least one of the second plurality of RFID readers, data indicating detection of the response signal from the RFID tag; and calculating a location of the item within the facility based at least in part on the received data. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising communicating the generated location of the item to a client device for presentation. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein responsive to receiving an indication that the item was located, disassociating, by the carrier server, the RFID tag from the item. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising associating, by the carrier server, the RFID tag with another item. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the second plurality of RFID readers is associated with a vehicle. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising receiving an updated delivery route based at least in part on detection of the RFID tag. 9. A system for managing item delivery by locating an item using radio frequency identification, the system comprising:
at least one processor; and computer storage memory having stored thereon computer readable instructions that when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising:
activating a first plurality of sensors of a sensor array, wherein activating a sensor causes the sensor to broadcast a signal, and wherein the first plurality of sensors comprises sensors pseudo-randomly selected from the sensor array;
responsive to an absence of the first plurality of sensors detecting a response signal from a tag within a predetermined period of time, activating a second plurality of sensors of the sensor array; and
responsive to detection of the response signal from the tag by at least one of the second plurality of sensors, generating an estimated location of the item. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the sensors comprise radio frequency identification (RFID) readers. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the operations further comprise providing the estimated location of the item to a remote computing device for display. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein the first plurality of sensors of the sensor array are activated responsive to a request to locate an item associated with the tag. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the operations further comprise:
responsive to receiving an indication that the item was located, disassociating the tag from the item. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the operations further comprise:
associating the tag with another item. 15. A non-transitory computer product comprising at least one computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable instructions that when executed by one or more processors cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
activating a first plurality of radio frequency identification (RFID) readers of an RFID reader array in response to receipt of a request to locate an item, wherein activating an RFID reader causes the RFID reader to broadcast a signal, and wherein the first plurality of RFID readers comprises RFID readers pseudo-randomly selected from the RFID reader array; activating a second plurality of RFID readers of the RFID reader array in response to an absence of the plurality of RFID readers detecting a response signal from an RFID tag corresponding to the item within a predetermined period of time; and generating an estimated location of the item responsive to detection of the response signal from the RFID tag corresponding to the item by at least one of the second plurality of RFID readers. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining that the at least one RFID reader is associated with the second set of RFID readers is located in a delivery vehicle; and communicating an updated delivery route to the driver computing device associated with the delivery vehicle. 17. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise communicating the generated location of the item to a client device for presentation. 18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise disassociating the RFID tag from the item in response to receiving an indication that the item was located. | 2,800 |
346,914 | 16,805,369 | 2,864 | According to one embodiment, a semiconductor storage device includes: a memory cell array including a memory cell transistor that is an electrically rewritable non-volatile semiconductor storage element. The memory cell transistor includes a gate electrode and a channel region adjacent the gate electrode. The semiconductor storage device includes a circuit configured to write the memory cell transistor by applying a breakdown voltage to cause dielectric breakdown between the gate electrode and the channel region. | 1. A semiconductor storage device, comprising:
a memory cell array including a memory cell transistor that is an electrically rewritable non-volatile semiconductor storage element, the memory cell transistor including a gate electrode and a channel region adjacent the gate electrode; and a circuit configured to write the memory cell transistor by applying a breakdown voltage to cause dielectric breakdown between the gate electrode and the channel region. 2. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the memory cell transistor has a threshold voltage changeable through a charge stored between the gate electrode and the channel region. 3. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
a voltage value of the breakdown voltage is larger than a withstand voltage present between the gate electrode and the channel region. 4. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
a voltage value of the breakdown voltage is smaller than that of a withstand voltage present between the gate electrode and the channel region, and an applying duration of the breakdown voltage corresponds to an amount of thermal energy required to cause the dielectric breakdown to occur. 5. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the memory cell array includes a plurality of memory strings, each of the memory strings including a first memory cell transistor, a second memory cell transistor, and a select transistor connected in series, a bit line connected to the memory strings, a first word line connected to the first memory cell transistor, a second word line connected to the second memory cell transistor, and a select gate line connected to the select transistor, and the circuit is configured to read data of the second memory cell transistor, during which a predetermined voltage is applied to the second word line, the first word line is put in a floating state, and a predetermined voltage is applied to the bit line. 6. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the memory cell array includes a plurality of memory strings, each of the plurality of memory strings includes a plurality of the memory cell transistors and a select transistor connected to each other in series, the select transistor being configured to select the plurality of memory cell transistors, wherein the plurality of memory strings are disposed in a matrix shape. 7. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 6, wherein
for each of the plurality of memory strings, the breakdown voltage is applied to no more than one memory cell transistor. 8. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 7, wherein
each of the memory strings includes a columnar semiconductor including the channel region, a gate insulating film including a charge storage layer disposed around a side surface of the columnar semiconductor, and a plurality of electrode layers corresponding to the gate electrode of the memory cell transistor, disposed around the gate insulating film and spaced apart from each other along a central axis direction of the columnar semiconductor, wherein the breakdown voltage is applied to one of the electrode layers corresponding to the gate electrode of the memory cell transistor to be written. 9. A method, comprising:
writing a memory cell transistor of a memory cell array by applying a breakdown voltage to cause dielectric breakdown between a gate electrode and a channel region of the memory cell transistor, wherein the memory cell transistor is an electrically rewritable non-volatile semiconductor storage element. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the memory cell array includes a plurality of memory strings, each of the plurality of memory strings includes a plurality of the memory cell transistors and a select transistor connected to each other in series, the select transistor being configured to select the plurality of memory cell transistors, and wherein the plurality of memory strings are disposed in a matrix shape. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein for each of the plurality of memory strings, the breakdown voltage is applied to no more than one memory cell transistor. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein each of the memory strings includes:
a columnar semiconductor including the channel region, a gate insulating film including a charge storage layer disposed around a side surface of the columnar semiconductor, and a plurality of electrode layers corresponding to the gate electrode of the memory cell transistor, disposed around the gate insulating film and spaced apart from each other along a central axis direction of the columnar semiconductor, wherein the breakdown voltage is applied to one of the electrode layers corresponding to the gate electrode of the memory cell transistor to be written. | According to one embodiment, a semiconductor storage device includes: a memory cell array including a memory cell transistor that is an electrically rewritable non-volatile semiconductor storage element. The memory cell transistor includes a gate electrode and a channel region adjacent the gate electrode. The semiconductor storage device includes a circuit configured to write the memory cell transistor by applying a breakdown voltage to cause dielectric breakdown between the gate electrode and the channel region.1. A semiconductor storage device, comprising:
a memory cell array including a memory cell transistor that is an electrically rewritable non-volatile semiconductor storage element, the memory cell transistor including a gate electrode and a channel region adjacent the gate electrode; and a circuit configured to write the memory cell transistor by applying a breakdown voltage to cause dielectric breakdown between the gate electrode and the channel region. 2. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the memory cell transistor has a threshold voltage changeable through a charge stored between the gate electrode and the channel region. 3. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
a voltage value of the breakdown voltage is larger than a withstand voltage present between the gate electrode and the channel region. 4. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
a voltage value of the breakdown voltage is smaller than that of a withstand voltage present between the gate electrode and the channel region, and an applying duration of the breakdown voltage corresponds to an amount of thermal energy required to cause the dielectric breakdown to occur. 5. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the memory cell array includes a plurality of memory strings, each of the memory strings including a first memory cell transistor, a second memory cell transistor, and a select transistor connected in series, a bit line connected to the memory strings, a first word line connected to the first memory cell transistor, a second word line connected to the second memory cell transistor, and a select gate line connected to the select transistor, and the circuit is configured to read data of the second memory cell transistor, during which a predetermined voltage is applied to the second word line, the first word line is put in a floating state, and a predetermined voltage is applied to the bit line. 6. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the memory cell array includes a plurality of memory strings, each of the plurality of memory strings includes a plurality of the memory cell transistors and a select transistor connected to each other in series, the select transistor being configured to select the plurality of memory cell transistors, wherein the plurality of memory strings are disposed in a matrix shape. 7. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 6, wherein
for each of the plurality of memory strings, the breakdown voltage is applied to no more than one memory cell transistor. 8. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 7, wherein
each of the memory strings includes a columnar semiconductor including the channel region, a gate insulating film including a charge storage layer disposed around a side surface of the columnar semiconductor, and a plurality of electrode layers corresponding to the gate electrode of the memory cell transistor, disposed around the gate insulating film and spaced apart from each other along a central axis direction of the columnar semiconductor, wherein the breakdown voltage is applied to one of the electrode layers corresponding to the gate electrode of the memory cell transistor to be written. 9. A method, comprising:
writing a memory cell transistor of a memory cell array by applying a breakdown voltage to cause dielectric breakdown between a gate electrode and a channel region of the memory cell transistor, wherein the memory cell transistor is an electrically rewritable non-volatile semiconductor storage element. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the memory cell array includes a plurality of memory strings, each of the plurality of memory strings includes a plurality of the memory cell transistors and a select transistor connected to each other in series, the select transistor being configured to select the plurality of memory cell transistors, and wherein the plurality of memory strings are disposed in a matrix shape. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein for each of the plurality of memory strings, the breakdown voltage is applied to no more than one memory cell transistor. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein each of the memory strings includes:
a columnar semiconductor including the channel region, a gate insulating film including a charge storage layer disposed around a side surface of the columnar semiconductor, and a plurality of electrode layers corresponding to the gate electrode of the memory cell transistor, disposed around the gate insulating film and spaced apart from each other along a central axis direction of the columnar semiconductor, wherein the breakdown voltage is applied to one of the electrode layers corresponding to the gate electrode of the memory cell transistor to be written. | 2,800 |
346,915 | 16,805,356 | 2,864 | Plant-based medicinal compounds or nutritional supplements in various carrier combinations are described. The carriers can include N-acylated fatty amino acids, penetration enhancers, and/or various other beneficial carriers. The plant-based composition/carrier combinations can create administration benefits. | 1. A fast-acting plant-based composition formulated for oral delivery comprising (i) THC and/or CBD and (ii) N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) amino] caprylate. 2. A fast-acting plant-based composition formulated for oral delivery comprising (i) vegetable matter with an aqueous solubility of less than 0.1 mg/ml and (ii) N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) amino]caprylate. 3. A plant-based composition comprising vegetable matter and an N-acylated fatty amino acid or a salt thereof. 4. A plant-based composition comprising a botanical product and an N-acylated fatty amino acid or a salt thereof. 5. A plant-based composition of claim 3 wherein the vegetable matter is derived from Calophyllum brasiliense, Calophyllum caledonicurn, Calophyllum inophyllum, Calophyllum soulattri, Uncaria tomentosa, Thymus vulgaris, Matricaria recutita, Salix alba, Calendula officinalis, Usnea barbata, Ligusticum porterii-osha, Gaultheria procumbens, Camellia sinensis, Vaccinium myrtillus, Melissa officinalis, Allium sativum, Camellia sinensis, Krameria triandra, Punica granatum, Viburnum plicatum, Nicotiana tabacum, Duboisia hopwoodii, Asclepias syriaca, Curcuma longa, Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, Cannabis ruderalis and/or Acer spp, or an extract thereof. 6. A plant-based composition of claim 3 wherein the vegetable matter is derived from Cannabis. 7. A plant-based composition of claim 3 wherein the vegetable matter is derived from Cannabis sativa, Cannabis ruderalis, or Cannabis indica. 8. A plant-based composition of claim 3 comprising a Cannabis extract. 9. A plant-based composition of claim 3 comprising cannabinoids. 10. A plant-based composition of claim 3 comprising Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabinol (CBN), cannabinodiol (CBDL), cannabicyclol (CBL), cannabivarin (CBV), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabichromevarin (CBCV), cannabigerovarin (CBGV), cannabigerol monomethyl ether (CBGM), cannabinerolic acid, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), Cannabinol propyl variant (CBNV), cannabitriol (CBO), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (THCVA) and/or mixtures thereof. 11. A plant-based composition of claim 3 comprising flavonoid compounds, terpenes, or terpenoids. 12. A plant-based composition of claim 3 wherein the N-acylated fatty amino acid comprises one or more of Compounds I-XXXV (FIG. 3), or Compounds a-r (FIG. 4). 13. A plant-based composition of claim 3 wherein the N-acylated fatty amino acid comprises monosodium-N-salicyloyl-8-aminocaprylate, disodium-N-salicyloyl-8-aminocaprylate, or N-(salicyloyl)-8-aminocaprylic acid. 14. A plant-based composition of claim 3 wherein the N-acylated fatty amino acid or a salt thereof comprises 15. The plant-based composition of claim 14, wherein the monovalent cation is sodium or potassium. 16. The plant-based composition of claim 14, wherein the metal cation is calcium or magnesium. 17. The plant-based composition of claim 14, wherein the organic cation is ammonium or tetramethylammonium. 18. The plant-based composition of claim 14, wherein X is H. 19. The plant-based composition of claim 14, wherein X is a monovalent cation comprising sodium or potassium. 20. The plant-based composition of claim 14, wherein X is a divalent metal cation comprising calcium or magnesium. 21. The plant-based composition of claim 14, wherein X is an organic cation comprising ammonium or tetramethylammonium. 22. The plant-based composition of claim 14, wherein Z is H. 23. The plant-based composition of claim 14 wherein Z is a monovalent cation comprising sodium or potassium. 24. The plant-based composition of claim 14 wherein Z is a divalent cation comprising calcium or magnesium. 25. The plant-based composition of claim 14, wherein X is H and Z is H. 26. The plant-based composition of claim 14, wherein X is H and Z is sodium. 27. The plant-based composition of claim 14, wherein X is sodium and Z is sodium. 28. A plant-based composition of claim 3 wherein the N-acylated fatty amino acid or salt thereof provides an administration benefit. 29. A plant-based composition of claim 28 wherein the administration benefit is a dose-dependent administration benefit. 30. A plant-based composition of claim 29 wherein the dose-dependent administration benefit is at a dose of 100-200 mg. 31. An plant-based composition of claim 28 wherein the administration benefit comprises one or more of increased absorption of a measured component of vegetable matter, increased bioavailability of a measured component of vegetable matter, faster onset of action of a measured component of vegetable matter, higher peak concentrations of a measured component of vegetable matter, faster time to peak concentrations of a measured component of vegetable matter, shorter duration of action, increased subjective therapeutic efficacy, increased objective therapeutic efficacy, improved taste, and improved mouthfeel as compared to a control composition without the N-acylated fatty amino acid. 32. A plant-based composition of claim 3 wherein the plant-based composition is a medicinal composition. 33. A plant-based composition of claim 3 wherein the plant-based composition is a nutritional supplement. 34. A plant-based composition of claim 3 comprising a botanical product. 35. A plant-based composition of claim 3 comprising a surfactant, detergent, azone, pyrrolidone, glycol or bile salt. 36. A plant-based composition of claim 3 comprising a therapeutically effective amount of vegetable matter. 37. A plant-based composition of claim 36 wherein the therapeutically effective amount treats a symptom of acquired hypothyroidism, acute gastritis, addiction, ADHD, agoraphobia, AIDS, AIDS-related anorexia, alcoholism, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), ankyloses, anxiety, arthritis, Asperger's syndrome, asthma, atherosclerosis, autism, auto-immune diseases, bacterial infections, bipolar disorder, bone loss, blood disorders, brain injury/stroke, cachexia, cancer, carpal tunnel syndrome, cerebral palsy, cervical disk disease, cervicobrachial syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, chronic pain, cluster headache, conjunctivitis, Crohn's disease, cystic fibrosis, depression, dermatitis, diabetes, dystonia, eating disorders, eczema, epilepsy, fever, fibromyalgia, flu, fungal infection, gastrointestinal disorders, glaucoma, glioma, Grave's disease, heart disease hepatitis, herpes, Huntington's disease, hypertension, impotence, incontinence, infant mortality, inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), insomnia, liver fibrosis, mad cow disease, menopause, metabolic disorders, migraine headaches, motion sickness, MRSA, multiple sclerosis (MS), muscular dystrophy, mucosal lesions, nail patella syndrome, nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy, neuroinflammation, nicotine addiction, obesity, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), pain, pancreatitis, panic disorder, Parkinson's disease, periodontal disease, peripheral neuropathy, phantom limb pain, poison ivy allergy, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), proximal myotonic myopathy, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psoriasis, Raynaud's disease, restless leg syndrome, schizophrenia, scleroderma, septic shock, shingles herpes zoster), sickle cell disease, seizures, sleep apnea, sleep disorders, spinal injuries, stress, stuttering, temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ), tension headaches, tinnitus, Tourette's syndrome, traumatic memories, wasting syndrome, and withdrawal. 38. A plant-based composition of claim 3 comprising vitamins or minerals. 39. A plant-based composition of claim 3 comprising vitamins and minerals. 40. A plant-based composition of claim 38 or 39 wherein the vitamins are selected from one or more of Vitamin A, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, or Vitamin K. 41. A plant-based composition of claim 38 or 39 wherein the minerals are selected from one or more of calcium, chromium, iodine, iron, magnesium, selenium and/or zinc. 42. An oral formulation comprising a plant-based composition of claim 3. 43. An oral formulation of claim 42 wherein the oral formulation is swallowable or chewable. 44. An oral formulation of claim 42 wherein the oral formulation is liquid or solid. 45. An oral formulation of claim 42 wherein the oral formulation is a solution, suspension, or spray. 46. An oral formulation of claim 42 wherein the oral formulation is a tablet, capsule or sachet. 47. An oral formulation of claim 42 wherein the oral formulation is flavored. 48. A method of preparing an oral formulation of Cannabis having a faster onset of action, wherein the method comprises adding an absorption enhancer to the oral formulation of Cannabis and wherein the oral formulation of Cannabis has a faster onset of action than an oral formulation of Cannabis without an absorption enhancer. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein the absorption enhancer is an N-acylated fatty amino acid or a salt thereof. 50. The method of claim 49, wherein the N-acylated fatty amino acid or a salt thereof comprises 51. The method of claim 49, wherein the N-acylated fatty amino acid is selected from monosodium-N-salicyloyl-8-aminocaprylate, disodium-N-salicyloyl-8-aminocaprylate, and N-(salicyloyl)-8-aminocaprylic acid. 52. A method of treating a subject in need thereof including administering a therapeutically effective amount of a composition of claim 3 to the subject thereby treating the subject in need thereof. 53. A method of claim 52 wherein the therapeutically effective amount provides an effective amount, a prophylactic treatment, and/or a therapeutic treatment. 54. A method of reducing or eliminating one or more symptoms of a disease or disorder in a human subject,
wherein said method includes delivering a therapeutically effective amount of a composition of claim 3 to the subject, thereby reducing or eliminating one or more symptoms of the disease or disorder, and wherein said disease or disorder is acquired hypothyroidism, acute gastritis, addiction, ADHD, agoraphobia, AIDS, AIDS-related anorexia, alcoholism, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), ankyloses, anxiety, arthritis, Asperger's syndrome, asthma, atherosclerosis, autism, auto-immune diseases, bacterial infections, bipolar disorder, bone loss, blood disorders, brain injury/stroke, cachexia, cancer, carpal tunnel syndrome, cerebral palsy, cervical disk disease, cervicobrachial syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, chronic pain, cluster headache, conjunctivitis, Crohn's disease, cystic fibrosis, depression, dermatitis, diabetes, dystonia, eating disorders, eczema, epilepsy, fever, fibromyalgia, flu, fungal infection, gastrointestinal disorders, glaucoma, glioma, Grave's disease, heart disease hepatitis, herpes, Huntington's disease, hypertension, impotence, incontinence, infant mortality, inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), insomnia, liver fibrosis, mad cow disease, menopause, metabolic disorders, migraine headaches, motion sickness, MRSA, multiple sclerosis (MS), muscular dystrophy, mucosal lesions, nail patella syndrome, nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy, neuroinflammation, nicotine addiction, obesity, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), osteoporosis, osteopenia, pain, pancreatitis, panic disorder, Parkinson's disease, periodontal disease, peripheral neuropathy, phantom limb pain, poison ivy allergy, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), proximal myotonic myopathy, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psoriasis, Raynaud's disease, restless leg syndrome, schizophrenia, scleroderma, septic shock, shingles herpes zoster), sickle cell disease, seizures, sleep apnea, sleep disorders, spinal injuries, stress, stuttering, temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ), tension headaches, tinnitus, Tourette's syndrome, traumatic memories, wasting syndrome, or withdrawal syndrome. | Plant-based medicinal compounds or nutritional supplements in various carrier combinations are described. The carriers can include N-acylated fatty amino acids, penetration enhancers, and/or various other beneficial carriers. The plant-based composition/carrier combinations can create administration benefits.1. A fast-acting plant-based composition formulated for oral delivery comprising (i) THC and/or CBD and (ii) N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) amino] caprylate. 2. A fast-acting plant-based composition formulated for oral delivery comprising (i) vegetable matter with an aqueous solubility of less than 0.1 mg/ml and (ii) N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) amino]caprylate. 3. A plant-based composition comprising vegetable matter and an N-acylated fatty amino acid or a salt thereof. 4. A plant-based composition comprising a botanical product and an N-acylated fatty amino acid or a salt thereof. 5. A plant-based composition of claim 3 wherein the vegetable matter is derived from Calophyllum brasiliense, Calophyllum caledonicurn, Calophyllum inophyllum, Calophyllum soulattri, Uncaria tomentosa, Thymus vulgaris, Matricaria recutita, Salix alba, Calendula officinalis, Usnea barbata, Ligusticum porterii-osha, Gaultheria procumbens, Camellia sinensis, Vaccinium myrtillus, Melissa officinalis, Allium sativum, Camellia sinensis, Krameria triandra, Punica granatum, Viburnum plicatum, Nicotiana tabacum, Duboisia hopwoodii, Asclepias syriaca, Curcuma longa, Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, Cannabis ruderalis and/or Acer spp, or an extract thereof. 6. A plant-based composition of claim 3 wherein the vegetable matter is derived from Cannabis. 7. A plant-based composition of claim 3 wherein the vegetable matter is derived from Cannabis sativa, Cannabis ruderalis, or Cannabis indica. 8. A plant-based composition of claim 3 comprising a Cannabis extract. 9. A plant-based composition of claim 3 comprising cannabinoids. 10. A plant-based composition of claim 3 comprising Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabinol (CBN), cannabinodiol (CBDL), cannabicyclol (CBL), cannabivarin (CBV), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabichromevarin (CBCV), cannabigerovarin (CBGV), cannabigerol monomethyl ether (CBGM), cannabinerolic acid, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), Cannabinol propyl variant (CBNV), cannabitriol (CBO), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (THCVA) and/or mixtures thereof. 11. A plant-based composition of claim 3 comprising flavonoid compounds, terpenes, or terpenoids. 12. A plant-based composition of claim 3 wherein the N-acylated fatty amino acid comprises one or more of Compounds I-XXXV (FIG. 3), or Compounds a-r (FIG. 4). 13. A plant-based composition of claim 3 wherein the N-acylated fatty amino acid comprises monosodium-N-salicyloyl-8-aminocaprylate, disodium-N-salicyloyl-8-aminocaprylate, or N-(salicyloyl)-8-aminocaprylic acid. 14. A plant-based composition of claim 3 wherein the N-acylated fatty amino acid or a salt thereof comprises 15. The plant-based composition of claim 14, wherein the monovalent cation is sodium or potassium. 16. The plant-based composition of claim 14, wherein the metal cation is calcium or magnesium. 17. The plant-based composition of claim 14, wherein the organic cation is ammonium or tetramethylammonium. 18. The plant-based composition of claim 14, wherein X is H. 19. The plant-based composition of claim 14, wherein X is a monovalent cation comprising sodium or potassium. 20. The plant-based composition of claim 14, wherein X is a divalent metal cation comprising calcium or magnesium. 21. The plant-based composition of claim 14, wherein X is an organic cation comprising ammonium or tetramethylammonium. 22. The plant-based composition of claim 14, wherein Z is H. 23. The plant-based composition of claim 14 wherein Z is a monovalent cation comprising sodium or potassium. 24. The plant-based composition of claim 14 wherein Z is a divalent cation comprising calcium or magnesium. 25. The plant-based composition of claim 14, wherein X is H and Z is H. 26. The plant-based composition of claim 14, wherein X is H and Z is sodium. 27. The plant-based composition of claim 14, wherein X is sodium and Z is sodium. 28. A plant-based composition of claim 3 wherein the N-acylated fatty amino acid or salt thereof provides an administration benefit. 29. A plant-based composition of claim 28 wherein the administration benefit is a dose-dependent administration benefit. 30. A plant-based composition of claim 29 wherein the dose-dependent administration benefit is at a dose of 100-200 mg. 31. An plant-based composition of claim 28 wherein the administration benefit comprises one or more of increased absorption of a measured component of vegetable matter, increased bioavailability of a measured component of vegetable matter, faster onset of action of a measured component of vegetable matter, higher peak concentrations of a measured component of vegetable matter, faster time to peak concentrations of a measured component of vegetable matter, shorter duration of action, increased subjective therapeutic efficacy, increased objective therapeutic efficacy, improved taste, and improved mouthfeel as compared to a control composition without the N-acylated fatty amino acid. 32. A plant-based composition of claim 3 wherein the plant-based composition is a medicinal composition. 33. A plant-based composition of claim 3 wherein the plant-based composition is a nutritional supplement. 34. A plant-based composition of claim 3 comprising a botanical product. 35. A plant-based composition of claim 3 comprising a surfactant, detergent, azone, pyrrolidone, glycol or bile salt. 36. A plant-based composition of claim 3 comprising a therapeutically effective amount of vegetable matter. 37. A plant-based composition of claim 36 wherein the therapeutically effective amount treats a symptom of acquired hypothyroidism, acute gastritis, addiction, ADHD, agoraphobia, AIDS, AIDS-related anorexia, alcoholism, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), ankyloses, anxiety, arthritis, Asperger's syndrome, asthma, atherosclerosis, autism, auto-immune diseases, bacterial infections, bipolar disorder, bone loss, blood disorders, brain injury/stroke, cachexia, cancer, carpal tunnel syndrome, cerebral palsy, cervical disk disease, cervicobrachial syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, chronic pain, cluster headache, conjunctivitis, Crohn's disease, cystic fibrosis, depression, dermatitis, diabetes, dystonia, eating disorders, eczema, epilepsy, fever, fibromyalgia, flu, fungal infection, gastrointestinal disorders, glaucoma, glioma, Grave's disease, heart disease hepatitis, herpes, Huntington's disease, hypertension, impotence, incontinence, infant mortality, inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), insomnia, liver fibrosis, mad cow disease, menopause, metabolic disorders, migraine headaches, motion sickness, MRSA, multiple sclerosis (MS), muscular dystrophy, mucosal lesions, nail patella syndrome, nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy, neuroinflammation, nicotine addiction, obesity, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), pain, pancreatitis, panic disorder, Parkinson's disease, periodontal disease, peripheral neuropathy, phantom limb pain, poison ivy allergy, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), proximal myotonic myopathy, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psoriasis, Raynaud's disease, restless leg syndrome, schizophrenia, scleroderma, septic shock, shingles herpes zoster), sickle cell disease, seizures, sleep apnea, sleep disorders, spinal injuries, stress, stuttering, temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ), tension headaches, tinnitus, Tourette's syndrome, traumatic memories, wasting syndrome, and withdrawal. 38. A plant-based composition of claim 3 comprising vitamins or minerals. 39. A plant-based composition of claim 3 comprising vitamins and minerals. 40. A plant-based composition of claim 38 or 39 wherein the vitamins are selected from one or more of Vitamin A, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, or Vitamin K. 41. A plant-based composition of claim 38 or 39 wherein the minerals are selected from one or more of calcium, chromium, iodine, iron, magnesium, selenium and/or zinc. 42. An oral formulation comprising a plant-based composition of claim 3. 43. An oral formulation of claim 42 wherein the oral formulation is swallowable or chewable. 44. An oral formulation of claim 42 wherein the oral formulation is liquid or solid. 45. An oral formulation of claim 42 wherein the oral formulation is a solution, suspension, or spray. 46. An oral formulation of claim 42 wherein the oral formulation is a tablet, capsule or sachet. 47. An oral formulation of claim 42 wherein the oral formulation is flavored. 48. A method of preparing an oral formulation of Cannabis having a faster onset of action, wherein the method comprises adding an absorption enhancer to the oral formulation of Cannabis and wherein the oral formulation of Cannabis has a faster onset of action than an oral formulation of Cannabis without an absorption enhancer. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein the absorption enhancer is an N-acylated fatty amino acid or a salt thereof. 50. The method of claim 49, wherein the N-acylated fatty amino acid or a salt thereof comprises 51. The method of claim 49, wherein the N-acylated fatty amino acid is selected from monosodium-N-salicyloyl-8-aminocaprylate, disodium-N-salicyloyl-8-aminocaprylate, and N-(salicyloyl)-8-aminocaprylic acid. 52. A method of treating a subject in need thereof including administering a therapeutically effective amount of a composition of claim 3 to the subject thereby treating the subject in need thereof. 53. A method of claim 52 wherein the therapeutically effective amount provides an effective amount, a prophylactic treatment, and/or a therapeutic treatment. 54. A method of reducing or eliminating one or more symptoms of a disease or disorder in a human subject,
wherein said method includes delivering a therapeutically effective amount of a composition of claim 3 to the subject, thereby reducing or eliminating one or more symptoms of the disease or disorder, and wherein said disease or disorder is acquired hypothyroidism, acute gastritis, addiction, ADHD, agoraphobia, AIDS, AIDS-related anorexia, alcoholism, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), ankyloses, anxiety, arthritis, Asperger's syndrome, asthma, atherosclerosis, autism, auto-immune diseases, bacterial infections, bipolar disorder, bone loss, blood disorders, brain injury/stroke, cachexia, cancer, carpal tunnel syndrome, cerebral palsy, cervical disk disease, cervicobrachial syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, chronic pain, cluster headache, conjunctivitis, Crohn's disease, cystic fibrosis, depression, dermatitis, diabetes, dystonia, eating disorders, eczema, epilepsy, fever, fibromyalgia, flu, fungal infection, gastrointestinal disorders, glaucoma, glioma, Grave's disease, heart disease hepatitis, herpes, Huntington's disease, hypertension, impotence, incontinence, infant mortality, inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), insomnia, liver fibrosis, mad cow disease, menopause, metabolic disorders, migraine headaches, motion sickness, MRSA, multiple sclerosis (MS), muscular dystrophy, mucosal lesions, nail patella syndrome, nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy, neuroinflammation, nicotine addiction, obesity, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), osteoporosis, osteopenia, pain, pancreatitis, panic disorder, Parkinson's disease, periodontal disease, peripheral neuropathy, phantom limb pain, poison ivy allergy, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), proximal myotonic myopathy, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psoriasis, Raynaud's disease, restless leg syndrome, schizophrenia, scleroderma, septic shock, shingles herpes zoster), sickle cell disease, seizures, sleep apnea, sleep disorders, spinal injuries, stress, stuttering, temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ), tension headaches, tinnitus, Tourette's syndrome, traumatic memories, wasting syndrome, or withdrawal syndrome. | 2,800 |
346,916 | 16,805,397 | 2,424 | An exemplary rendering assistance system is implemented by a multi-access edge compute (“MEC”) server. The system receives a request from a client system that is separate from the MEC server. The system parses the request to identify a requested rendering operation selected from a plurality of rendering operations supported by the system. The parsing of the request also identifies an asset pointer based upon which the system accesses input data from an asset data source. The system then performs a rendering pass on the input data in accordance with the requested rendering operation. By performing the rendering pass, the system partially renders an image that, when fully rendered, is to be presented to a user by way of a media player device. Corresponding methods and systems are also disclosed. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving, by a rendering assistance system implemented by a multi-access edge compute (“MEC”) server, a request from a client system that is separate from the MEC server; parsing, by the rendering assistance system, the request to identify
a requested rendering operation selected from a plurality of rendering operations supported by the rendering assistance system, and
an asset pointer;
accessing, by the rendering assistance system based on the asset pointer, input data from an asset data source; and performing, by the rendering assistance system, a rendering pass on the input data, the rendering pass performed in accordance with the requested rendering operation to partially render an image that, when fully rendered, is to be presented to a user by way of a media player device. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing, by the rendering assistance system subsequent to the performing of the rendering pass, output data representative of the image as partially rendered by the rendering pass, the output data provided to the client system separate from the MEC server; and
wherein the client system is configured to perform an additional rendering pass on the output data to more fully render the image for presentation to the user by way of the media player device. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the rendering assistance system further parses the request to identify an additional requested rendering operation selected from the plurality of rendering operations supported by the rendering assistance system, the additional requested rendering operation distinct from the requested rendering operation; the performing of the rendering pass includes generating intermediate data representative of the image as partially rendered by the rendering pass; and the method further comprises performing, by the rendering assistance system subsequent to the performing of the rendering pass, an additional rendering pass on the intermediate data, the additional rendering pass performed in accordance with the additional requested rendering operation to more fully render the image for presentation to the user by way of the media player device. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the asset data source is the MEC server; and the asset pointer includes a link to a file location within the MEC server at which the input data is stored. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the asset data source is an external data store separate from and communicatively coupled to the MEC server; and the asset pointer includes a link to a file location within the external data store at which the input data is stored. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the client system is implemented by the media player device, such that the media player device provides the request received by the rendering assistance system; the method further comprises providing, by the rendering assistance system subsequent to the performing of the rendering pass, output data representative of the image as partially or fully rendered by the rendering assistance system by way of one or more rendering passes including the rendering pass; and the providing of the output data is performed in response to the request received from the media player device and includes providing the output data to the media player device for presentation to the user. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the client system is implemented by a state server separate from the media player device, such that the state server provides the request to the rendering assistance system on behalf of the media player device; the method further comprises providing, by the rendering assistance system subsequent to the performing of the rendering pass, output data representative of the image as partially or fully rendered by the rendering assistance system by way of one or more rendering passes including the rendering pass; and the providing of the output data is performed in response to the request received from the state server on behalf of the media player device and includes providing the output data to the media player device for presentation to the user. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the rendering assistance system further parses the request to identify a set of requested rendering operations, including the requested rendering operation, that are selected from the plurality of rendering operations supported by the rendering assistance system; the request indicates that the set of requested rendering operations are to form a rendering pipeline through which a plurality of frames included in a frame sequence are to be processed; and the asset pointer is usable by the rendering assistance system to access, as the input data, the frame sequence from the asset data source. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the rendering assistance system further parses the request to identify a rendering operation parameter associated with the requested rendering operation and indicative of how the rendering pass is to be performed. 10. The method of claim 1, embodied as computer-executable instructions on at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium. 11. A system comprising:
a memory storing instructions; and a processor communicatively coupled to the memory and configured to execute the instructions to:
receive a request from a client system that is separate from a multi-access edge compute (“MEC”) server;
parse the request to identify
a requested rendering operation selected from a plurality of rendering operations supported by the system, and
an asset pointer;
access, based on the asset pointer, input data from an asset data source; and
perform a rendering pass on the input data, the rendering pass performed in accordance with the requested rendering operation to partially render an image that, when fully rendered, is to be presented to a user by way of a media player device. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein:
the processor is further configured to execute the instructions to provide, subsequent to the performing of the rendering pass, output data representative of the image as partially rendered by the rendering pass, the output data provided to the client system separate from the MEC server; and the client system is configured to perform an additional rendering pass on the output data to more fully render the image for presentation to the user by way of the media player device. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein:
the processor is configured to execute the instructions to further parse the request to identify an additional requested rendering operation selected from the plurality of rendering operations supported by the system, the additional requested rendering operation distinct from the requested rendering operation; the performing of the rendering pass includes generating intermediate data representative of the image as partially rendered by the rendering pass; and the processor is further configured to execute the instructions to perform, subsequent to the performing of the rendering pass, an additional rendering pass on the intermediate data, the additional rendering pass performed in accordance with the additional requested rendering operation to more fully render the image for presentation to the user by way of the media player device. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein:
the asset data source is the MEC server; and the asset pointer includes a link to a file location within the MEC server at which the input data is stored. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein:
the asset data source is an external data store separate from and communicatively coupled to the MEC server; and the asset pointer includes a link to a file location within the external data store at which the input data is stored. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein:
the client system is implemented by the media player device, such that the media player device provides the request received by the system; the processor is further configured to execute the instructions to provide, subsequent to the performing of the rendering pass, output data representative of the image as partially or fully rendered by the system by way of one or more rendering passes including the rendering pass; and the providing of the output data is performed in response to the request received from the media player device and includes providing the output data to the media player device for presentation to the user. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein:
the client system is implemented by a state server separate from the media player device, such that the state server provides the request to the system on behalf of the media player device; the processor is further configured to execute the instructions to provide, subsequent to the performing of the rendering pass, output data representative of the image as partially or fully rendered by the system by way of one or more rendering passes including the rendering pass; and the providing of the output data is performed in response to the request received from the state server on behalf of the media player device and includes providing the output data to the media player device for presentation to the user. 18. The system of claim 11, wherein:
the processor is configured to execute the instructions to further parse the request to identify a set of requested rendering operations, including the requested rendering operation, that are selected from the plurality of rendering operations supported by the rendering assistance system; the request indicates that the set of requested rendering operations are to form a rendering pipeline through which a plurality of frames included in a frame sequence are to be processed; and the asset pointer is usable by the rendering assistance system to access, as the input data, the frame sequence from the asset data source. 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is configured to execute the instructions to further parse the request to identify a rendering operation parameter associated with the requested rendering operation and indicative of how the rendering pass is to be performed. 20. A method comprising:
receiving, by a rendering assistance system implemented by a multi-access edge compute (“MEC”) server, a request from a client system that is separate from the MEC server; determining, by the rendering assistance system, that the request includes
an asset pointer, and
an indication that a physically-based rendering operation is to be performed with respect to the input data;
accessing, by the rendering assistance system based on the asset pointer, input data from an asset data source; and performing, by the rendering assistance system in accordance with the request, the physically-based rendering operation with respect to the input data by:
generating a plurality of octahedral lightmaps based on the input data,
combining the plurality of octahedral lightmaps onto an atlas sheet, and
providing the atlas sheet for use in rendering an image that is to be presented to a user by way of a media player device. | An exemplary rendering assistance system is implemented by a multi-access edge compute (“MEC”) server. The system receives a request from a client system that is separate from the MEC server. The system parses the request to identify a requested rendering operation selected from a plurality of rendering operations supported by the system. The parsing of the request also identifies an asset pointer based upon which the system accesses input data from an asset data source. The system then performs a rendering pass on the input data in accordance with the requested rendering operation. By performing the rendering pass, the system partially renders an image that, when fully rendered, is to be presented to a user by way of a media player device. Corresponding methods and systems are also disclosed.1. A method comprising:
receiving, by a rendering assistance system implemented by a multi-access edge compute (“MEC”) server, a request from a client system that is separate from the MEC server; parsing, by the rendering assistance system, the request to identify
a requested rendering operation selected from a plurality of rendering operations supported by the rendering assistance system, and
an asset pointer;
accessing, by the rendering assistance system based on the asset pointer, input data from an asset data source; and performing, by the rendering assistance system, a rendering pass on the input data, the rendering pass performed in accordance with the requested rendering operation to partially render an image that, when fully rendered, is to be presented to a user by way of a media player device. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing, by the rendering assistance system subsequent to the performing of the rendering pass, output data representative of the image as partially rendered by the rendering pass, the output data provided to the client system separate from the MEC server; and
wherein the client system is configured to perform an additional rendering pass on the output data to more fully render the image for presentation to the user by way of the media player device. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the rendering assistance system further parses the request to identify an additional requested rendering operation selected from the plurality of rendering operations supported by the rendering assistance system, the additional requested rendering operation distinct from the requested rendering operation; the performing of the rendering pass includes generating intermediate data representative of the image as partially rendered by the rendering pass; and the method further comprises performing, by the rendering assistance system subsequent to the performing of the rendering pass, an additional rendering pass on the intermediate data, the additional rendering pass performed in accordance with the additional requested rendering operation to more fully render the image for presentation to the user by way of the media player device. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the asset data source is the MEC server; and the asset pointer includes a link to a file location within the MEC server at which the input data is stored. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the asset data source is an external data store separate from and communicatively coupled to the MEC server; and the asset pointer includes a link to a file location within the external data store at which the input data is stored. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the client system is implemented by the media player device, such that the media player device provides the request received by the rendering assistance system; the method further comprises providing, by the rendering assistance system subsequent to the performing of the rendering pass, output data representative of the image as partially or fully rendered by the rendering assistance system by way of one or more rendering passes including the rendering pass; and the providing of the output data is performed in response to the request received from the media player device and includes providing the output data to the media player device for presentation to the user. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the client system is implemented by a state server separate from the media player device, such that the state server provides the request to the rendering assistance system on behalf of the media player device; the method further comprises providing, by the rendering assistance system subsequent to the performing of the rendering pass, output data representative of the image as partially or fully rendered by the rendering assistance system by way of one or more rendering passes including the rendering pass; and the providing of the output data is performed in response to the request received from the state server on behalf of the media player device and includes providing the output data to the media player device for presentation to the user. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the rendering assistance system further parses the request to identify a set of requested rendering operations, including the requested rendering operation, that are selected from the plurality of rendering operations supported by the rendering assistance system; the request indicates that the set of requested rendering operations are to form a rendering pipeline through which a plurality of frames included in a frame sequence are to be processed; and the asset pointer is usable by the rendering assistance system to access, as the input data, the frame sequence from the asset data source. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the rendering assistance system further parses the request to identify a rendering operation parameter associated with the requested rendering operation and indicative of how the rendering pass is to be performed. 10. The method of claim 1, embodied as computer-executable instructions on at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium. 11. A system comprising:
a memory storing instructions; and a processor communicatively coupled to the memory and configured to execute the instructions to:
receive a request from a client system that is separate from a multi-access edge compute (“MEC”) server;
parse the request to identify
a requested rendering operation selected from a plurality of rendering operations supported by the system, and
an asset pointer;
access, based on the asset pointer, input data from an asset data source; and
perform a rendering pass on the input data, the rendering pass performed in accordance with the requested rendering operation to partially render an image that, when fully rendered, is to be presented to a user by way of a media player device. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein:
the processor is further configured to execute the instructions to provide, subsequent to the performing of the rendering pass, output data representative of the image as partially rendered by the rendering pass, the output data provided to the client system separate from the MEC server; and the client system is configured to perform an additional rendering pass on the output data to more fully render the image for presentation to the user by way of the media player device. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein:
the processor is configured to execute the instructions to further parse the request to identify an additional requested rendering operation selected from the plurality of rendering operations supported by the system, the additional requested rendering operation distinct from the requested rendering operation; the performing of the rendering pass includes generating intermediate data representative of the image as partially rendered by the rendering pass; and the processor is further configured to execute the instructions to perform, subsequent to the performing of the rendering pass, an additional rendering pass on the intermediate data, the additional rendering pass performed in accordance with the additional requested rendering operation to more fully render the image for presentation to the user by way of the media player device. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein:
the asset data source is the MEC server; and the asset pointer includes a link to a file location within the MEC server at which the input data is stored. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein:
the asset data source is an external data store separate from and communicatively coupled to the MEC server; and the asset pointer includes a link to a file location within the external data store at which the input data is stored. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein:
the client system is implemented by the media player device, such that the media player device provides the request received by the system; the processor is further configured to execute the instructions to provide, subsequent to the performing of the rendering pass, output data representative of the image as partially or fully rendered by the system by way of one or more rendering passes including the rendering pass; and the providing of the output data is performed in response to the request received from the media player device and includes providing the output data to the media player device for presentation to the user. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein:
the client system is implemented by a state server separate from the media player device, such that the state server provides the request to the system on behalf of the media player device; the processor is further configured to execute the instructions to provide, subsequent to the performing of the rendering pass, output data representative of the image as partially or fully rendered by the system by way of one or more rendering passes including the rendering pass; and the providing of the output data is performed in response to the request received from the state server on behalf of the media player device and includes providing the output data to the media player device for presentation to the user. 18. The system of claim 11, wherein:
the processor is configured to execute the instructions to further parse the request to identify a set of requested rendering operations, including the requested rendering operation, that are selected from the plurality of rendering operations supported by the rendering assistance system; the request indicates that the set of requested rendering operations are to form a rendering pipeline through which a plurality of frames included in a frame sequence are to be processed; and the asset pointer is usable by the rendering assistance system to access, as the input data, the frame sequence from the asset data source. 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is configured to execute the instructions to further parse the request to identify a rendering operation parameter associated with the requested rendering operation and indicative of how the rendering pass is to be performed. 20. A method comprising:
receiving, by a rendering assistance system implemented by a multi-access edge compute (“MEC”) server, a request from a client system that is separate from the MEC server; determining, by the rendering assistance system, that the request includes
an asset pointer, and
an indication that a physically-based rendering operation is to be performed with respect to the input data;
accessing, by the rendering assistance system based on the asset pointer, input data from an asset data source; and performing, by the rendering assistance system in accordance with the request, the physically-based rendering operation with respect to the input data by:
generating a plurality of octahedral lightmaps based on the input data,
combining the plurality of octahedral lightmaps onto an atlas sheet, and
providing the atlas sheet for use in rendering an image that is to be presented to a user by way of a media player device. | 2,400 |
346,917 | 16,805,378 | 2,424 | An apparatus for positioning micro-devices on a destination substrate includes a first support to hold a destination substrate, a second support to provide or hold a transfer body having a surface to receive an adhesive layer, a light source to generate a light beam, a mirror configured to adjustably position the light beam on the adhesive layer on the transfer body, and a controller. The controller is configured to cause the light source to generate the light beam and adjust the mirror to position the light beam on the adhesive layer so as to selectively expose one or more portions of the adhesive layer to create one or more neutralized portions. The transfer body and the destination substrate are moved away from each other and one or more micro-devices corresponding to the one or more neutralized portions of the adhesive layer remain on the destination substrate. | 1. A method of surface mounting micro-devices, comprising:
adhering a first plurality of micro-devices on a donor substrate to a transfer surface with an adhesive layer; removing the first plurality of micro-devices from donor substrate while the first plurality of micro-devices remain adhered to the transfer surface; positioning the transfer surface relative to a destination substrate so that a subset of the plurality of micro-devices on the transfer surface abut a plurality of receiving positions on the destination substrate, the subset including multiple micro-devices but less than all of micro-devices of the plurality of micro-devices; directing a light beam to a mirror and adjusting a position of the mirror so as to adjust a position of a light beam on the adhesive layer and selectively expose one or more portions of the adhesive layer to create one or more neutralized portions; and separating the transfer surface from the destination substrate such that one or more micro-devices corresponding to the one or more neutralized portions of the adhesive layer remain on the destination substrate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of micro devices comprise all of the micro-devices on the donor substrate. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of micro devices comprise less than all of the micro-devices on the donor substrate. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of micro-devices are disposed in a first array on the transfer surface, and the plurality of receiving positions are disposed in a second array on the destination substrate. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the donor substrate is a donor substrate on which the plurality of micro-devices were fabricated. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the micro-devices comprise micro-LEDs. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the light beam comprises a laser beam. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the light beam dissolves or melts the one or more portions of the adhesive layer to create the one or more neutralized portions. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the light beam denatures the one or more portions of the adhesive layer to create the one or more neutralized portions. 10. The method of claim 1, comprising raster scanning the light beam across the adhesive layer while modulating the light beam to selectively expose the one or more portions of the adhesive layer. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the light beam melts or dissolves the one or more portions of the adhesive layer to form the one or more neutralized portions. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the light beam cures the one or more portions of the adhesive layer into a non-adhesive composition to form the one or more neutralized portions. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising disposing a passivating layer over the subset of micro-devices on the destination substrate. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein positioning the transfer surface comprises moving a transfer substrate from a position adjacent to the donor substrate to a position adjacent the destination substrate. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein moving the transfer substrate comprises moving the transfer substrate with a robot arm. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the mirror comprises a 2-axis mirror galvo mirror scanner. | An apparatus for positioning micro-devices on a destination substrate includes a first support to hold a destination substrate, a second support to provide or hold a transfer body having a surface to receive an adhesive layer, a light source to generate a light beam, a mirror configured to adjustably position the light beam on the adhesive layer on the transfer body, and a controller. The controller is configured to cause the light source to generate the light beam and adjust the mirror to position the light beam on the adhesive layer so as to selectively expose one or more portions of the adhesive layer to create one or more neutralized portions. The transfer body and the destination substrate are moved away from each other and one or more micro-devices corresponding to the one or more neutralized portions of the adhesive layer remain on the destination substrate.1. A method of surface mounting micro-devices, comprising:
adhering a first plurality of micro-devices on a donor substrate to a transfer surface with an adhesive layer; removing the first plurality of micro-devices from donor substrate while the first plurality of micro-devices remain adhered to the transfer surface; positioning the transfer surface relative to a destination substrate so that a subset of the plurality of micro-devices on the transfer surface abut a plurality of receiving positions on the destination substrate, the subset including multiple micro-devices but less than all of micro-devices of the plurality of micro-devices; directing a light beam to a mirror and adjusting a position of the mirror so as to adjust a position of a light beam on the adhesive layer and selectively expose one or more portions of the adhesive layer to create one or more neutralized portions; and separating the transfer surface from the destination substrate such that one or more micro-devices corresponding to the one or more neutralized portions of the adhesive layer remain on the destination substrate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of micro devices comprise all of the micro-devices on the donor substrate. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of micro devices comprise less than all of the micro-devices on the donor substrate. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of micro-devices are disposed in a first array on the transfer surface, and the plurality of receiving positions are disposed in a second array on the destination substrate. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the donor substrate is a donor substrate on which the plurality of micro-devices were fabricated. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the micro-devices comprise micro-LEDs. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the light beam comprises a laser beam. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the light beam dissolves or melts the one or more portions of the adhesive layer to create the one or more neutralized portions. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the light beam denatures the one or more portions of the adhesive layer to create the one or more neutralized portions. 10. The method of claim 1, comprising raster scanning the light beam across the adhesive layer while modulating the light beam to selectively expose the one or more portions of the adhesive layer. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the light beam melts or dissolves the one or more portions of the adhesive layer to form the one or more neutralized portions. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the light beam cures the one or more portions of the adhesive layer into a non-adhesive composition to form the one or more neutralized portions. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising disposing a passivating layer over the subset of micro-devices on the destination substrate. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein positioning the transfer surface comprises moving a transfer substrate from a position adjacent to the donor substrate to a position adjacent the destination substrate. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein moving the transfer substrate comprises moving the transfer substrate with a robot arm. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the mirror comprises a 2-axis mirror galvo mirror scanner. | 2,400 |
346,918 | 16,805,392 | 2,424 | An integrated circuit assembly may be formed comprising an electronic substrate, at least one integrated circuit device electrically attached to the electronic substrate, a mold material layer abutting electronic substrate and substantially surrounding the at least one integrated circuit, and at least one structure within the mold material layer, wherein the at least one structure comprises a material having a modulus of greater than about 20 gigapascals and a thermal conductivity of greater than about 10 watts per meter-Kelvin. | 1. An integrated circuit assembly, comprising:
an electronic substrate; at least one integrated circuit device electrically attached to the electronic substrate; a mold material layer abutting the electronic substrate and substantially surrounding the at least one integrated circuit device; and at least one structure within the mold material layer, wherein the at least one structure comprises a material having a modulus of greater than about 20 gigapascals and a thermal conductivity of greater than about 10 watts per meter-Kelvin. 2. The integrated circuit assembly of claim 1, wherein the material of the at least one structure is selected from the group consisting of metal, graphene, and sintering paste. 3. The integrated circuit assembly of claim 1, wherein the electronic substrate is an active device. 4. The integrated circuit assembly of claim 1, wherein the electronic substrate is a passive device. 5. The integrated circuit assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one structure substantially surrounds the at least one integrated circuit device. 6. An electronic system, comprising:
a board; an integrated circuit assembly electrically attached to the board, wherein the integrated circuit assembly comprises:
an electronic substrate;
at least one integrated circuit device electrically attached to the electronic substrate;
a mold material layer abutting the electronic substrate and substantially surrounding the at least one integrated circuit device; and
at least one structure within the mold material layer, wherein the at least one structure comprises a material having a modulus of greater than about 20 gigapascals and a thermal conductivity of greater than about 10 watts per meter-Kelvin. 7. The electronic system of claim 6, wherein the material of the at least one structure is selected from the group consisting of metal, graphene, and sintering paste. 8. The electronic system of claim 6, wherein the electronic substrate is an active device. 9. The electronic system of claim 6, wherein the electronic substrate is a passive device. 10. The electronic system of claim 6, wherein the at least one structure substantially surrounds the at least one integrated circuit device. 11. A method of forming an integrated circuit assembly, comprising:
forming an electronic substrate; forming at least one integrated circuit device; electrically attaching the at least one integrated circuit device to the electronic substrate; forming a mold material layer to abut the electronic substrate and substantially surrounding the at least one integrated circuit device; and forming at least one structure within the mold material layer, wherein the at least one structure comprises a material having a modulus of greater than about 20 gigapascals and a thermal conductivity of greater than about 10 watts per meter-Kelvin. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein forming the electronic substrate comprises forming an active device. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein forming the electronic substrate comprises forming a passive device. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein forming the at least one structure comprises forming the at least one structure prior to forming the mold material layer. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein forming the at least one structure comprises forming the at least one structure from the material selected from the group consisting of metal, graphene, and sintering paste. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising planarizing the mold material layer to expose a portion of the at least one integrated circuit device. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein forming the at least one structure comprises forming at least one trench in the mold material layer and forming the at least one structure in the at least one trench. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein forming the at least one structure in the at least one trench comprises forming the at least one structure from the material selected from the group consisting of metal, graphene, and sintering paste. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising planarizing the mold material layer to expose a portion of the at least one integrated circuit device prior to forming the at least one trench. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein forming the at least one structure comprises forming the at least one structure to substantially surround the at least one integrated circuit device. | An integrated circuit assembly may be formed comprising an electronic substrate, at least one integrated circuit device electrically attached to the electronic substrate, a mold material layer abutting electronic substrate and substantially surrounding the at least one integrated circuit, and at least one structure within the mold material layer, wherein the at least one structure comprises a material having a modulus of greater than about 20 gigapascals and a thermal conductivity of greater than about 10 watts per meter-Kelvin.1. An integrated circuit assembly, comprising:
an electronic substrate; at least one integrated circuit device electrically attached to the electronic substrate; a mold material layer abutting the electronic substrate and substantially surrounding the at least one integrated circuit device; and at least one structure within the mold material layer, wherein the at least one structure comprises a material having a modulus of greater than about 20 gigapascals and a thermal conductivity of greater than about 10 watts per meter-Kelvin. 2. The integrated circuit assembly of claim 1, wherein the material of the at least one structure is selected from the group consisting of metal, graphene, and sintering paste. 3. The integrated circuit assembly of claim 1, wherein the electronic substrate is an active device. 4. The integrated circuit assembly of claim 1, wherein the electronic substrate is a passive device. 5. The integrated circuit assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one structure substantially surrounds the at least one integrated circuit device. 6. An electronic system, comprising:
a board; an integrated circuit assembly electrically attached to the board, wherein the integrated circuit assembly comprises:
an electronic substrate;
at least one integrated circuit device electrically attached to the electronic substrate;
a mold material layer abutting the electronic substrate and substantially surrounding the at least one integrated circuit device; and
at least one structure within the mold material layer, wherein the at least one structure comprises a material having a modulus of greater than about 20 gigapascals and a thermal conductivity of greater than about 10 watts per meter-Kelvin. 7. The electronic system of claim 6, wherein the material of the at least one structure is selected from the group consisting of metal, graphene, and sintering paste. 8. The electronic system of claim 6, wherein the electronic substrate is an active device. 9. The electronic system of claim 6, wherein the electronic substrate is a passive device. 10. The electronic system of claim 6, wherein the at least one structure substantially surrounds the at least one integrated circuit device. 11. A method of forming an integrated circuit assembly, comprising:
forming an electronic substrate; forming at least one integrated circuit device; electrically attaching the at least one integrated circuit device to the electronic substrate; forming a mold material layer to abut the electronic substrate and substantially surrounding the at least one integrated circuit device; and forming at least one structure within the mold material layer, wherein the at least one structure comprises a material having a modulus of greater than about 20 gigapascals and a thermal conductivity of greater than about 10 watts per meter-Kelvin. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein forming the electronic substrate comprises forming an active device. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein forming the electronic substrate comprises forming a passive device. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein forming the at least one structure comprises forming the at least one structure prior to forming the mold material layer. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein forming the at least one structure comprises forming the at least one structure from the material selected from the group consisting of metal, graphene, and sintering paste. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising planarizing the mold material layer to expose a portion of the at least one integrated circuit device. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein forming the at least one structure comprises forming at least one trench in the mold material layer and forming the at least one structure in the at least one trench. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein forming the at least one structure in the at least one trench comprises forming the at least one structure from the material selected from the group consisting of metal, graphene, and sintering paste. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising planarizing the mold material layer to expose a portion of the at least one integrated circuit device prior to forming the at least one trench. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein forming the at least one structure comprises forming the at least one structure to substantially surround the at least one integrated circuit device. | 2,400 |
346,919 | 16,805,380 | 2,684 | A system and method are presented for collecting and retrieving characterization data of measurement devices, such as flow meters. The system includes a meter, a data tag for storing the meter characterization data, and electronics, such as a totalizer and/or a reader device such as a portable reader to read the characterization data from the tag and calibrate the meter measurements using the characterization data. | 1. A measurement system comprising:
a meter associated with meter characterization data and configured to take meter measurements; a data tag configured to store the meter characterization data; and meter electronics in communication with the meter and configured to receive the meter characterization data, wherein the meter characterization data is useable by the meter electronics in processing the meter measurements. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the meter is characterizable over an operating range by at least one or more data sets of different K-factors at corresponding different Reynolds numbers. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the meter comprises a flow meter and the meter electronics comprise a totalizer. 4. The system of claim 1,
wherein the meter electronics receives the meter characterization data from the data tag via a portable device, wherein the portable device reads the data tag to retrieve the meter characterization data, wherein the portable device transmits the meter characterization data to the meter electronics. 5. The system of claim 1,
wherein the data tag comprises a QR code corresponding to the meter characterization data, and wherein the system further comprises a portable device configured to read the QR code and transmit the meter characterization data to the meter electronics. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the QR code comprises a dual purpose QR code corresponding to a first set of data when scanned by a first reader and a second set of data when scanned by the portable device. 7. The system of claim 1,
wherein the meter electronics receives the meter characterization data from the data tag via a portable device comprising an RFID tag reader, and wherein the data tag comprises an RFID tag that can accept data from the portable device. 8. The system of claim 4, wherein the portable device is capable of loading characterization data into a database. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the meter and the data tag each further comprise matching identification references. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the meter comprises an operating parameter and the meter electronics further include an indicator to indicate that the meter has operated outside of the operating parameter. 11. A method of measuring comprising:
calibrating a meter and obtaining characterization data from the meter; digitally storing the characterization data for the meter in a data tag; attaching the data tag to the meter; receiving measurements from the meter and the characterization data for the meter from a reader configured to read the data tag; and processing the received measurements from the meter and calibrating the received measurements using the characterization data. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein calibrating the meter comprises characterizing the meter over an operating range with at least one of different K-factors at corresponding different Reynolds numbers. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising measuring fluid flow with the meter. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein processing and calibrating the received measurements includes calculating a total amount of fluid flow measured by the meter. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein receiving the characterization data comprises receiving the characterization data by electronics also receiving the measurements from the meter. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein receiving the characterization data comprises:
reading the characterization data by a portable device from the data tag, and wirelessly receiving the characterization data from the portable device via RF communication, wherein the portable device comprises a QR code reader and the data tag comprises a QR code that is optically read by the portable device. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising writing data to the data tag with the portable device, wherein the portable device comprises a RFID reader and the data tag comprises an RFID tag. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising loading the characterization data into a database; and
indicating the meter has operated outside of an operating parameter. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
confirming the data tag includes characterization data for the meter; and attaching the data tag to the meter. 20. A meter for use with a data tag configured to be attached to the meter and store characterization data for the meter, the meter comprising:
a processor configured to receive meter measurement data from the meter and the characterization data for the meter from the data tag and to process the received meter measurement data from the meter and calibrate the meter using the characterization data. | A system and method are presented for collecting and retrieving characterization data of measurement devices, such as flow meters. The system includes a meter, a data tag for storing the meter characterization data, and electronics, such as a totalizer and/or a reader device such as a portable reader to read the characterization data from the tag and calibrate the meter measurements using the characterization data.1. A measurement system comprising:
a meter associated with meter characterization data and configured to take meter measurements; a data tag configured to store the meter characterization data; and meter electronics in communication with the meter and configured to receive the meter characterization data, wherein the meter characterization data is useable by the meter electronics in processing the meter measurements. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the meter is characterizable over an operating range by at least one or more data sets of different K-factors at corresponding different Reynolds numbers. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the meter comprises a flow meter and the meter electronics comprise a totalizer. 4. The system of claim 1,
wherein the meter electronics receives the meter characterization data from the data tag via a portable device, wherein the portable device reads the data tag to retrieve the meter characterization data, wherein the portable device transmits the meter characterization data to the meter electronics. 5. The system of claim 1,
wherein the data tag comprises a QR code corresponding to the meter characterization data, and wherein the system further comprises a portable device configured to read the QR code and transmit the meter characterization data to the meter electronics. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the QR code comprises a dual purpose QR code corresponding to a first set of data when scanned by a first reader and a second set of data when scanned by the portable device. 7. The system of claim 1,
wherein the meter electronics receives the meter characterization data from the data tag via a portable device comprising an RFID tag reader, and wherein the data tag comprises an RFID tag that can accept data from the portable device. 8. The system of claim 4, wherein the portable device is capable of loading characterization data into a database. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the meter and the data tag each further comprise matching identification references. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the meter comprises an operating parameter and the meter electronics further include an indicator to indicate that the meter has operated outside of the operating parameter. 11. A method of measuring comprising:
calibrating a meter and obtaining characterization data from the meter; digitally storing the characterization data for the meter in a data tag; attaching the data tag to the meter; receiving measurements from the meter and the characterization data for the meter from a reader configured to read the data tag; and processing the received measurements from the meter and calibrating the received measurements using the characterization data. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein calibrating the meter comprises characterizing the meter over an operating range with at least one of different K-factors at corresponding different Reynolds numbers. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising measuring fluid flow with the meter. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein processing and calibrating the received measurements includes calculating a total amount of fluid flow measured by the meter. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein receiving the characterization data comprises receiving the characterization data by electronics also receiving the measurements from the meter. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein receiving the characterization data comprises:
reading the characterization data by a portable device from the data tag, and wirelessly receiving the characterization data from the portable device via RF communication, wherein the portable device comprises a QR code reader and the data tag comprises a QR code that is optically read by the portable device. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising writing data to the data tag with the portable device, wherein the portable device comprises a RFID reader and the data tag comprises an RFID tag. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising loading the characterization data into a database; and
indicating the meter has operated outside of an operating parameter. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
confirming the data tag includes characterization data for the meter; and attaching the data tag to the meter. 20. A meter for use with a data tag configured to be attached to the meter and store characterization data for the meter, the meter comprising:
a processor configured to receive meter measurement data from the meter and the characterization data for the meter from the data tag and to process the received meter measurement data from the meter and calibrate the meter using the characterization data. | 2,600 |
346,920 | 16,805,379 | 2,684 | According to an embodiment, a semiconductor memory device includes first and second memory cells and a controller. In a program operation, the controller applies a first voltage to a select gate line at a first timing, applies a second voltage to a select gate line at a second timing, applies a third voltage to a word line at a third timing, and applies a fifth voltage to a word line at a fifth timing. In a program operation when the first memory cell is selected, a time between the second timing and the third timing is a first time. In a program operation when the second memory cell is selected, a time between the second timing and the third timing is a second time different from the first time. | 1. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a first memory cell; a second memory cell; a word line connected to the first memory cell and the second memory cell; a first bit line connected to the first memory cell; a second bit line connected to the second memory cell; a first select transistor connected between the first memory cell and the first bit line; a second select transistor connected between the second memory cell and the second bit line; a first select gate line connected to the first select transistor; a second select gate line connected to the second select transistor; and a controller configured to execute a write operation that includes a program operation, wherein in the program operation, the controller is configured to apply a first voltage to the first select gate line and the second select gate line at a first timing, apply a second voltage lower than the first voltage to the first select gate line and the second select gate line at a second timing after the first timing, apply a third voltage higher than the second voltage to the word line at a third timing after the second timing, apply a fourth voltage to the first select gate line at a fourth timing after the second timing when the first memory cell is selected or to the second select gate line at the fourth timing when the second memory cell is selected, the fourth voltage between the first voltage and the second voltage, and apply a fifth voltage higher than the third voltage to the word line at a fifth timing after the third timing, and in the program operation when the first memory cell is selected, a first time period being a difference between the second and third timings, and in the program operation when the second memory cell is selected, a second time period being a difference between the second and third timings, wherein the second time period is different from the first time period. 2. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein the third timing and the fourth timing are the same. 3. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein the fourth timing precedes the third timing. 4. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein while applying the first voltage to the first select gate line and the second select gate line, the controller is configured to apply a sixth voltage to the first bit line and a seventh voltage higher than the sixth voltage to the second bit line when the first memory cell is selected, and apply the seventh voltage to the first bit line and the sixth voltage to the second bit line when the second memory cell is selected. 5. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein while applying the third voltage to the word line, the controller is configured to apply a sixth voltage to the first bit line and a seventh voltage higher than the sixth voltage to the second bit line when the first memory cell is selected, and apply the seventh voltage to the first bit line and the sixth voltage to the second bit line when the second memory cell is selected. 6. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein while applying the fifth voltage to the word line, the controller is configured to apply the fourth voltage to the first select gate line when the first memory cell is selected, and apply the fourth voltage to the second select gate line when the second memory cell is selected. 7. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein in the program operation when the first memory cell is selected, a channel of the first memory cell becomes a floating state when the fifth voltage is applied to the first select gate line, and in the program operation when the second memory cell is selected, a channel of the second memory cell becomes the floating state when the fifth voltage is applied to the second select gate line. 8. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, comprising:
a substrate; a first conductor layer provided in a first layer above the substrate and configured to function as the word line; a second conductor layer in a second layer above the first layer, and configured to function as the first select gate line; a third conductor layer provided in the second layer and separate from the second conductor layer, and configured to function as the second select gate line; a first semiconductor layer penetrating the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer; and a second semiconductor layer penetrating the first conductor layer and the third conductor layer; wherein a first intersection portion of the first conductor layer and the second semiconductor layer functions as the first memory cell, a second intersection portion of the second conductor layer and the first semiconductor layer functions as the first select transistor, a third intersection portion of the first conductor layer and the second semiconductor layer functions as the second memory cell, and a fourth intersection portion of the third conductor layer and the second semiconductor layer functions as the second select transistor. 9. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 8, wherein a resistance value of the second conductor layer is lower than a resistance value of the third conductor layer, and the first time period is shorter than the second time period. 10. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a third memory cell connected to the word line; a third bit line connected to the third memory cell; a third select transistor connected between the third memory cell and the third bit line; and a third select gate line connected to the third select transistor, wherein in the program operation, the controller is configured to apply the fourth voltage to the third select gate line at the fourth timing when the third memory cell is selected, and in the program operation when the third memory cell is selected, a third time period being a difference between the second timing and the third timing, the third time period being different from each of the first time period and the second time period. 11. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 10, comprising:
a substrate; a first conductor layer provided in a first layer above the substrate and configured to function as the word line; a second conductor layer provided in a second layer above the first layer, and configured to function as the first select gate line; a third conductor layer provided in the second layer and apart from the second conductor layer, and configured to function as the second select gate line; a fourth conductor layer provided in the second layer and apart from the second conductor layer and the third conductor layer, disposed between the second conductor layer and the third conductor layer, and configured to function as the third select gate line; a first semiconductor layer penetrating the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer; a second semiconductor layer penetrating the first conductor layer and the third conductor layer; and a third semiconductor layer penetrating the first conductor layer and the fourth conductor layer, wherein a first intersection portion of the first conductor layer and the first semiconductor layer functions as the first memory cell, a second intersection portion of the second conductor layer and the first semiconductor layer functions as the first select transistor, a third intersection portion of the first conductor layer and the second semiconductor layer functions as the second memory cell, a fourth intersection portion of the third conductor layer and the second semiconductor layer functions as the second select transistor, a fifth intersection portion of the first conductor layer and the third semiconductor layer functions as the third memory cell; and a sixth intersection portion of the fourth conductor layer and the third semiconductor layer functions as the third select transistor. 12. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 11, wherein a resistance value of the fourth conductor layer is lower than each of a resistance value of the second conductor layer and a resistance value of the third conductor layer, and
the third time is shorter than each of the first time and the second time. 13. A method of operating a semiconductor memory device, the semiconductor memory device including a first memory cell, a second memory cell, a word line connected to the first memory cell and the second memory cell, a first select gate line configured to gate a first select transistor connected between the first memory cell and a first bit line, and a second select gate line configured to gate a second select transistor connected between the second memory cell and a second bit line, comprising:
applying, by a controller of the semiconductor memory device, a first voltage to the first select gate line and the second select gate line at a first timing; applying, by the controller, a second voltage lower than the first voltage to the first select gate line and the second select gate line at a second timing after the first timing; applying, by the controller, a third voltage higher than the second voltage to the word line at a third timing after the second timing; applying, by the controller, a fourth voltage to the first select gate line at a fourth timing after the second timing when the first memory cell is selected or to the second select gate line at the fourth timing when the second memory cell is selected, wherein the fourth voltage is between the first and second voltages; and applying, by the controller, a fifth voltage higher than the third voltage to the word line at a fifth timing after the third timing, wherein when the first memory cell is selected, a first time is a difference between the second and third timings, and in the program operation when the second memory cell is selected, a second time is a difference between the second and third timings, the second time being different from the first time. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the third timing and the fourth timing are the same. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the fourth timing precedes the third timing. | According to an embodiment, a semiconductor memory device includes first and second memory cells and a controller. In a program operation, the controller applies a first voltage to a select gate line at a first timing, applies a second voltage to a select gate line at a second timing, applies a third voltage to a word line at a third timing, and applies a fifth voltage to a word line at a fifth timing. In a program operation when the first memory cell is selected, a time between the second timing and the third timing is a first time. In a program operation when the second memory cell is selected, a time between the second timing and the third timing is a second time different from the first time.1. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a first memory cell; a second memory cell; a word line connected to the first memory cell and the second memory cell; a first bit line connected to the first memory cell; a second bit line connected to the second memory cell; a first select transistor connected between the first memory cell and the first bit line; a second select transistor connected between the second memory cell and the second bit line; a first select gate line connected to the first select transistor; a second select gate line connected to the second select transistor; and a controller configured to execute a write operation that includes a program operation, wherein in the program operation, the controller is configured to apply a first voltage to the first select gate line and the second select gate line at a first timing, apply a second voltage lower than the first voltage to the first select gate line and the second select gate line at a second timing after the first timing, apply a third voltage higher than the second voltage to the word line at a third timing after the second timing, apply a fourth voltage to the first select gate line at a fourth timing after the second timing when the first memory cell is selected or to the second select gate line at the fourth timing when the second memory cell is selected, the fourth voltage between the first voltage and the second voltage, and apply a fifth voltage higher than the third voltage to the word line at a fifth timing after the third timing, and in the program operation when the first memory cell is selected, a first time period being a difference between the second and third timings, and in the program operation when the second memory cell is selected, a second time period being a difference between the second and third timings, wherein the second time period is different from the first time period. 2. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein the third timing and the fourth timing are the same. 3. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein the fourth timing precedes the third timing. 4. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein while applying the first voltage to the first select gate line and the second select gate line, the controller is configured to apply a sixth voltage to the first bit line and a seventh voltage higher than the sixth voltage to the second bit line when the first memory cell is selected, and apply the seventh voltage to the first bit line and the sixth voltage to the second bit line when the second memory cell is selected. 5. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein while applying the third voltage to the word line, the controller is configured to apply a sixth voltage to the first bit line and a seventh voltage higher than the sixth voltage to the second bit line when the first memory cell is selected, and apply the seventh voltage to the first bit line and the sixth voltage to the second bit line when the second memory cell is selected. 6. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein while applying the fifth voltage to the word line, the controller is configured to apply the fourth voltage to the first select gate line when the first memory cell is selected, and apply the fourth voltage to the second select gate line when the second memory cell is selected. 7. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein in the program operation when the first memory cell is selected, a channel of the first memory cell becomes a floating state when the fifth voltage is applied to the first select gate line, and in the program operation when the second memory cell is selected, a channel of the second memory cell becomes the floating state when the fifth voltage is applied to the second select gate line. 8. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, comprising:
a substrate; a first conductor layer provided in a first layer above the substrate and configured to function as the word line; a second conductor layer in a second layer above the first layer, and configured to function as the first select gate line; a third conductor layer provided in the second layer and separate from the second conductor layer, and configured to function as the second select gate line; a first semiconductor layer penetrating the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer; and a second semiconductor layer penetrating the first conductor layer and the third conductor layer; wherein a first intersection portion of the first conductor layer and the second semiconductor layer functions as the first memory cell, a second intersection portion of the second conductor layer and the first semiconductor layer functions as the first select transistor, a third intersection portion of the first conductor layer and the second semiconductor layer functions as the second memory cell, and a fourth intersection portion of the third conductor layer and the second semiconductor layer functions as the second select transistor. 9. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 8, wherein a resistance value of the second conductor layer is lower than a resistance value of the third conductor layer, and the first time period is shorter than the second time period. 10. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a third memory cell connected to the word line; a third bit line connected to the third memory cell; a third select transistor connected between the third memory cell and the third bit line; and a third select gate line connected to the third select transistor, wherein in the program operation, the controller is configured to apply the fourth voltage to the third select gate line at the fourth timing when the third memory cell is selected, and in the program operation when the third memory cell is selected, a third time period being a difference between the second timing and the third timing, the third time period being different from each of the first time period and the second time period. 11. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 10, comprising:
a substrate; a first conductor layer provided in a first layer above the substrate and configured to function as the word line; a second conductor layer provided in a second layer above the first layer, and configured to function as the first select gate line; a third conductor layer provided in the second layer and apart from the second conductor layer, and configured to function as the second select gate line; a fourth conductor layer provided in the second layer and apart from the second conductor layer and the third conductor layer, disposed between the second conductor layer and the third conductor layer, and configured to function as the third select gate line; a first semiconductor layer penetrating the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer; a second semiconductor layer penetrating the first conductor layer and the third conductor layer; and a third semiconductor layer penetrating the first conductor layer and the fourth conductor layer, wherein a first intersection portion of the first conductor layer and the first semiconductor layer functions as the first memory cell, a second intersection portion of the second conductor layer and the first semiconductor layer functions as the first select transistor, a third intersection portion of the first conductor layer and the second semiconductor layer functions as the second memory cell, a fourth intersection portion of the third conductor layer and the second semiconductor layer functions as the second select transistor, a fifth intersection portion of the first conductor layer and the third semiconductor layer functions as the third memory cell; and a sixth intersection portion of the fourth conductor layer and the third semiconductor layer functions as the third select transistor. 12. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 11, wherein a resistance value of the fourth conductor layer is lower than each of a resistance value of the second conductor layer and a resistance value of the third conductor layer, and
the third time is shorter than each of the first time and the second time. 13. A method of operating a semiconductor memory device, the semiconductor memory device including a first memory cell, a second memory cell, a word line connected to the first memory cell and the second memory cell, a first select gate line configured to gate a first select transistor connected between the first memory cell and a first bit line, and a second select gate line configured to gate a second select transistor connected between the second memory cell and a second bit line, comprising:
applying, by a controller of the semiconductor memory device, a first voltage to the first select gate line and the second select gate line at a first timing; applying, by the controller, a second voltage lower than the first voltage to the first select gate line and the second select gate line at a second timing after the first timing; applying, by the controller, a third voltage higher than the second voltage to the word line at a third timing after the second timing; applying, by the controller, a fourth voltage to the first select gate line at a fourth timing after the second timing when the first memory cell is selected or to the second select gate line at the fourth timing when the second memory cell is selected, wherein the fourth voltage is between the first and second voltages; and applying, by the controller, a fifth voltage higher than the third voltage to the word line at a fifth timing after the third timing, wherein when the first memory cell is selected, a first time is a difference between the second and third timings, and in the program operation when the second memory cell is selected, a second time is a difference between the second and third timings, the second time being different from the first time. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the third timing and the fourth timing are the same. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the fourth timing precedes the third timing. | 2,600 |
346,921 | 16,805,389 | 2,881 | A fluid treatment device includes a pipe including an inlet, an outlet, an internal space through which a fluid moves and including a light source part disposed in the internal space and providing a light to the fluid. The light source part includes at least one light source unit having a substrate and a plurality of light sources disposed on the substrate and emitting the light. A ratio of a first distance between two light sources adjacent to each other to a second distance between each light source and an inner circumferential surface of the pipe is 1:1.25 or less when viewed in a longitudinal-section. | 1. A fluid treatment device comprising:
a pipe comprising a main body having an inner surface and an outer surface and extending in a longitudinal direction; an inlet and an outlet spaced apart from the inlet in the longitudinal direction, and an internal space through which a fluid moves; and a light source part disposed in the internal space of the main body and extending along the longitudinal direction, the light source part comprising at least one light source unit including a substrate and a plurality of light sources disposed on the substrate and emitting the light, thereby providing the light to the fluid, wherein the plurality of light sources is disposed to be spaced apart along the longitudinal direction such that a ratio of a first distance between two light sources adjacent to each other to a second distance from each light source to the inner surface of the main body is 1:1.25 or less, wherein the second distance varies depending on the first distance and the first distance is measured in the longitudinal direction and the second distance is measured in a direction not in parallel with the longitudinal direction. 2. The fluid treatment device of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the first distance to the second distance is 1:0.8 to 1:1.25. 3. The fluid treatment device of claim 1, wherein the second distance is set from a center of the pipe to a point on the inner surface of the main body where an amount of light between the two light sources reaching the point is equal to or greater than about 70% of an amount of light output from the light source. 4. The fluid treatment device of claim 3, wherein the first distance is set within a range that an amount of the light reaching an intermediate point between vertical points of the two light sources in the normal line direction of each light source, is equal to or greater than about 70%, or about 80% of the amount of the light. 5. The fluid treatment device of claim 3, wherein a cross-section of the light source part includes shape of a regular n-polygon and each light source unit is disposed on each side of the regular n-polygon. 6. The fluid treatment device of claim 5, wherein the cross section of the light source part includes a triangular shape. 7. The fluid treatment device of claim 5, wherein the pipe is configured to have a radius at a point where a ratio of an amount of light in a normal line direction of each light source unit to an amount of light on a line connecting a vertex of the regular n-polygon and a center of the regular n-polygon is about 70% or more. 8. The fluid treatment device of claim 5, wherein the radius of the pipe is determined such that about 70% or more of light substantially uniformly reaches the inner surface of the main body and the radius of the pipe is 10 mm or longer. 9. (canceled) 10. The fluid treatment device of claim 5, wherein the first distance is within a range from about 15 mm to about 30 mm. 11. The fluid treatment device of claim 9, wherein the light source unit further comprises a transparent protective pipe that houses the substrate and the light source. 12. (canceled) 13. The fluid treatment device of claim 11, wherein the light source unit further comprises a base that encapsulates both sides of the protective pipe. 14. The fluid treatment device of claim 9, wherein the light source has an orientation angle from about 110 degrees to about 150 degrees. 15. (canceled) 16. The fluid treatment system of claim 23, wherein the main body further comprises an inlet and an outlet, and
the inlet, the outlet, or both are arranged to be inclined to or perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the main body. 17. The fluid treatment system of claim 23, wherein the inlet and the outlet are arranged on the same side of the main body. 18. The fluid treatment system of claim 23, wherein the fluid is a water. 19. The fluid treatment system of claim 23, wherein the light source part emits the light in an ultraviolet light wavelength band. 20. The fluid treatment system of claim 19, wherein the light source part emits the light in a sterilization wavelength band. 21. The fluid treatment system of claim 23, wherein:
the main body is a transparent pipe; and the light source part disposed outside of and adjacent to the pipe and providing light to the fluid that flows the internal space of the pipe; wherein a ratio of a first distance between two light sources adjacent to each other to a second distance from each light source to the inner surface of the pipe is 1:1.25 or less. 22. A fluid treatment system, comprising:
a pipe comprising an inlet and an outlet and comprising an internal space through which a fluid moves, the pipe extending in a longitudinal direction; and a light source part disposed adjacent to the pipe and providing a light to the fluid, the light source part comprising first light source units and second light source units, which face each other, with the pipe interposed therebetween, each of the first and the second light source units comprising a substrate and a plurality of light sources disposed on the substrate, wherein a ratio of a distance between two light sources adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction to a distance between two light sources facing each other in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction with the pipe interposed therebetween is 1:2.5 or less. 23. A fluid treatment system, comprising:
a main body having cylindrical shape extending in a longitudinal direction and having an inner surface, an outer surface, and an internal space through which a fluid moves; and a light source part positioned inside or outside of the main body within a predetermined distance that light from the light source part reaches the fluid for treatment; wherein the light source part comprises at least one light source unit including:
a substrate; and
a plurality of light sources disposed on the substrate; and
positioning and configuration of the plurality of light sources and the substrate differ based on the positioning of the light source part to the main body. | A fluid treatment device includes a pipe including an inlet, an outlet, an internal space through which a fluid moves and including a light source part disposed in the internal space and providing a light to the fluid. The light source part includes at least one light source unit having a substrate and a plurality of light sources disposed on the substrate and emitting the light. A ratio of a first distance between two light sources adjacent to each other to a second distance between each light source and an inner circumferential surface of the pipe is 1:1.25 or less when viewed in a longitudinal-section.1. A fluid treatment device comprising:
a pipe comprising a main body having an inner surface and an outer surface and extending in a longitudinal direction; an inlet and an outlet spaced apart from the inlet in the longitudinal direction, and an internal space through which a fluid moves; and a light source part disposed in the internal space of the main body and extending along the longitudinal direction, the light source part comprising at least one light source unit including a substrate and a plurality of light sources disposed on the substrate and emitting the light, thereby providing the light to the fluid, wherein the plurality of light sources is disposed to be spaced apart along the longitudinal direction such that a ratio of a first distance between two light sources adjacent to each other to a second distance from each light source to the inner surface of the main body is 1:1.25 or less, wherein the second distance varies depending on the first distance and the first distance is measured in the longitudinal direction and the second distance is measured in a direction not in parallel with the longitudinal direction. 2. The fluid treatment device of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the first distance to the second distance is 1:0.8 to 1:1.25. 3. The fluid treatment device of claim 1, wherein the second distance is set from a center of the pipe to a point on the inner surface of the main body where an amount of light between the two light sources reaching the point is equal to or greater than about 70% of an amount of light output from the light source. 4. The fluid treatment device of claim 3, wherein the first distance is set within a range that an amount of the light reaching an intermediate point between vertical points of the two light sources in the normal line direction of each light source, is equal to or greater than about 70%, or about 80% of the amount of the light. 5. The fluid treatment device of claim 3, wherein a cross-section of the light source part includes shape of a regular n-polygon and each light source unit is disposed on each side of the regular n-polygon. 6. The fluid treatment device of claim 5, wherein the cross section of the light source part includes a triangular shape. 7. The fluid treatment device of claim 5, wherein the pipe is configured to have a radius at a point where a ratio of an amount of light in a normal line direction of each light source unit to an amount of light on a line connecting a vertex of the regular n-polygon and a center of the regular n-polygon is about 70% or more. 8. The fluid treatment device of claim 5, wherein the radius of the pipe is determined such that about 70% or more of light substantially uniformly reaches the inner surface of the main body and the radius of the pipe is 10 mm or longer. 9. (canceled) 10. The fluid treatment device of claim 5, wherein the first distance is within a range from about 15 mm to about 30 mm. 11. The fluid treatment device of claim 9, wherein the light source unit further comprises a transparent protective pipe that houses the substrate and the light source. 12. (canceled) 13. The fluid treatment device of claim 11, wherein the light source unit further comprises a base that encapsulates both sides of the protective pipe. 14. The fluid treatment device of claim 9, wherein the light source has an orientation angle from about 110 degrees to about 150 degrees. 15. (canceled) 16. The fluid treatment system of claim 23, wherein the main body further comprises an inlet and an outlet, and
the inlet, the outlet, or both are arranged to be inclined to or perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the main body. 17. The fluid treatment system of claim 23, wherein the inlet and the outlet are arranged on the same side of the main body. 18. The fluid treatment system of claim 23, wherein the fluid is a water. 19. The fluid treatment system of claim 23, wherein the light source part emits the light in an ultraviolet light wavelength band. 20. The fluid treatment system of claim 19, wherein the light source part emits the light in a sterilization wavelength band. 21. The fluid treatment system of claim 23, wherein:
the main body is a transparent pipe; and the light source part disposed outside of and adjacent to the pipe and providing light to the fluid that flows the internal space of the pipe; wherein a ratio of a first distance between two light sources adjacent to each other to a second distance from each light source to the inner surface of the pipe is 1:1.25 or less. 22. A fluid treatment system, comprising:
a pipe comprising an inlet and an outlet and comprising an internal space through which a fluid moves, the pipe extending in a longitudinal direction; and a light source part disposed adjacent to the pipe and providing a light to the fluid, the light source part comprising first light source units and second light source units, which face each other, with the pipe interposed therebetween, each of the first and the second light source units comprising a substrate and a plurality of light sources disposed on the substrate, wherein a ratio of a distance between two light sources adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction to a distance between two light sources facing each other in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction with the pipe interposed therebetween is 1:2.5 or less. 23. A fluid treatment system, comprising:
a main body having cylindrical shape extending in a longitudinal direction and having an inner surface, an outer surface, and an internal space through which a fluid moves; and a light source part positioned inside or outside of the main body within a predetermined distance that light from the light source part reaches the fluid for treatment; wherein the light source part comprises at least one light source unit including:
a substrate; and
a plurality of light sources disposed on the substrate; and
positioning and configuration of the plurality of light sources and the substrate differ based on the positioning of the light source part to the main body. | 2,800 |
346,922 | 16,805,329 | 2,881 | Crumb rubber obtained from recycled tires is subjected to an interlinked substitution process. The process utilizes a reactive component that interferes with sulfur bonds. The resulting treated rubber exhibits properties similar to those of the virgin composite rubber structure prior to being granulated, and is suitable for use in fabricating new tires, engineered rubber articles, and asphalt rubber for use in waterproofing and paving applications. | 1. (canceled) 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. A polymeric matrix comprising a crosslinked network of end-of-life tire-derived rubber and at least one complementary polymer, wherein the polymeric matrix encapsulates carbon black and/or graphene particles. 5. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, wherein the complementary polymer comprises virgin natural rubber and/or styrene butadiene/butadiene rubber. 6. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, wherein the end-of-life tire-derived rubber and the complementary polymer have different backbone chemistries. 7. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, having an effective particle size of less than 5 microns. 8. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, wherein the at least one complementary polymer comprises a hydroxyl-containing polymer. 9. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, wherein the at least one complementary polymer comprises a vegetable oil. 10. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, wherein the at least one complementary polymer comprises a soybean oil, a castor oil, a linseed oil, a sunflower oil, or a hydrogenated soy oil. 11. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, in a form of a sheet. 12. The polymeric matrix of claim 11, exhibiting an anisotropy in length tensile strength to width tensile strength, wherein the anisotropy in length tensile strength to width tensile strength is at least 1.1:1. 13. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, in a form of laminated sheets, wherein each of the sheets has a thickness of from 10 to 70 microns, and wherein each of the sheets is oriented 30 to 45 degrees to an anisotropic grain of an adjacent sheet. 14. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, in a form of an article selected from the group consisting of tire tread, tire sidewall, roofing membrane, high dielectric electrical tape, tank lining, reservoir lining, trench lining, bridge underlayment, wire harness wrap, self-bonding wire harness wrap, shoe soles, rubber boots, electrical tape, foundation waterproofing, parking garage waterproofing, hose, belt, and molding. 15. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, in a form of a radiation shielding material. 16. A paving material comprising the polymeric matrix of claim 4. 17. A suspension of the polymeric matrix of claim 4 in asphalt. 18. A method for preparing a polymeric matrix, comprising:
combining vulcanized rubber particles, a complementary polymer, and an organometallic compound into a mixture, so as to induce delamination of a rubber matrix within the vulcanized rubber particles as coordinated with disrupting sulfidic linkages, and so as to induce crosslinking of the complementary polymer into the polymeric matrix, whereby the polymeric matrix encapsulates carbon black particles. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein combining comprises applying pressure to the mixture. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein combining comprises combining in a roller mill. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein combining takes place in an absence of water as a carrier fluid. 22. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, wherein the end-of-life tire-derived rubber comprises dislocation sites formed by dislocating a least stable attachment point of a transverse crosslink of the end-of-life tire-derived rubber without negatively altering an elastomer molecule of the end-of-life tire derived rubber or a sulfur bridge of the end-of-life tire derived rubber, wherein the molecules of the complementary polymer are installed through complimentary polymer molecule receptors upon the dislocation sites, wherein the polymer matrix is formed by re-crosslinking an original hinged, sulfur bridge at a susceptible dislocation site along a backbone of the elastomer molecule. 23. The polymeric matrix of claim 22, wherein an organometallic compound induces delamination of the end-of-life tire-derived rubber as coordinated with disrupting sulfidic linkages, and so as to induce crosslinking of the complementary polymer into the end-of-life tire-derived rubber, wherein the organometallic compound comprises a metal having octahedral molecular geometry selected from the group consisting of Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+, and wherein the organometallic compound comprises an organic anion as a ligand to the metal ion. 24. The polymeric matrix of claim 23, wherein the organometallic compound is copper acetate. 25. The polymeric matrix of claim 23, wherein the organometallic compound is a metal salt that undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid in a range of 115-150° C. 26. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, wherein closed looping comprises less than 5% of a total number of crosslinks in the end-of-life tire-derived rubber. | Crumb rubber obtained from recycled tires is subjected to an interlinked substitution process. The process utilizes a reactive component that interferes with sulfur bonds. The resulting treated rubber exhibits properties similar to those of the virgin composite rubber structure prior to being granulated, and is suitable for use in fabricating new tires, engineered rubber articles, and asphalt rubber for use in waterproofing and paving applications.1. (canceled) 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. A polymeric matrix comprising a crosslinked network of end-of-life tire-derived rubber and at least one complementary polymer, wherein the polymeric matrix encapsulates carbon black and/or graphene particles. 5. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, wherein the complementary polymer comprises virgin natural rubber and/or styrene butadiene/butadiene rubber. 6. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, wherein the end-of-life tire-derived rubber and the complementary polymer have different backbone chemistries. 7. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, having an effective particle size of less than 5 microns. 8. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, wherein the at least one complementary polymer comprises a hydroxyl-containing polymer. 9. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, wherein the at least one complementary polymer comprises a vegetable oil. 10. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, wherein the at least one complementary polymer comprises a soybean oil, a castor oil, a linseed oil, a sunflower oil, or a hydrogenated soy oil. 11. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, in a form of a sheet. 12. The polymeric matrix of claim 11, exhibiting an anisotropy in length tensile strength to width tensile strength, wherein the anisotropy in length tensile strength to width tensile strength is at least 1.1:1. 13. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, in a form of laminated sheets, wherein each of the sheets has a thickness of from 10 to 70 microns, and wherein each of the sheets is oriented 30 to 45 degrees to an anisotropic grain of an adjacent sheet. 14. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, in a form of an article selected from the group consisting of tire tread, tire sidewall, roofing membrane, high dielectric electrical tape, tank lining, reservoir lining, trench lining, bridge underlayment, wire harness wrap, self-bonding wire harness wrap, shoe soles, rubber boots, electrical tape, foundation waterproofing, parking garage waterproofing, hose, belt, and molding. 15. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, in a form of a radiation shielding material. 16. A paving material comprising the polymeric matrix of claim 4. 17. A suspension of the polymeric matrix of claim 4 in asphalt. 18. A method for preparing a polymeric matrix, comprising:
combining vulcanized rubber particles, a complementary polymer, and an organometallic compound into a mixture, so as to induce delamination of a rubber matrix within the vulcanized rubber particles as coordinated with disrupting sulfidic linkages, and so as to induce crosslinking of the complementary polymer into the polymeric matrix, whereby the polymeric matrix encapsulates carbon black particles. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein combining comprises applying pressure to the mixture. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein combining comprises combining in a roller mill. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein combining takes place in an absence of water as a carrier fluid. 22. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, wherein the end-of-life tire-derived rubber comprises dislocation sites formed by dislocating a least stable attachment point of a transverse crosslink of the end-of-life tire-derived rubber without negatively altering an elastomer molecule of the end-of-life tire derived rubber or a sulfur bridge of the end-of-life tire derived rubber, wherein the molecules of the complementary polymer are installed through complimentary polymer molecule receptors upon the dislocation sites, wherein the polymer matrix is formed by re-crosslinking an original hinged, sulfur bridge at a susceptible dislocation site along a backbone of the elastomer molecule. 23. The polymeric matrix of claim 22, wherein an organometallic compound induces delamination of the end-of-life tire-derived rubber as coordinated with disrupting sulfidic linkages, and so as to induce crosslinking of the complementary polymer into the end-of-life tire-derived rubber, wherein the organometallic compound comprises a metal having octahedral molecular geometry selected from the group consisting of Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+, and wherein the organometallic compound comprises an organic anion as a ligand to the metal ion. 24. The polymeric matrix of claim 23, wherein the organometallic compound is copper acetate. 25. The polymeric matrix of claim 23, wherein the organometallic compound is a metal salt that undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid in a range of 115-150° C. 26. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, wherein closed looping comprises less than 5% of a total number of crosslinks in the end-of-life tire-derived rubber. | 2,800 |
346,923 | 16,805,403 | 2,881 | Crumb rubber obtained from recycled tires is subjected to an interlinked substitution process. The process utilizes a reactive component that interferes with sulfur bonds. The resulting treated rubber exhibits properties similar to those of the virgin composite rubber structure prior to being granulated, and is suitable for use in fabricating new tires, engineered rubber articles, and asphalt rubber for use in waterproofing and paving applications. | 1. (canceled) 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. A polymeric matrix comprising a crosslinked network of end-of-life tire-derived rubber and at least one complementary polymer, wherein the polymeric matrix encapsulates carbon black and/or graphene particles. 5. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, wherein the complementary polymer comprises virgin natural rubber and/or styrene butadiene/butadiene rubber. 6. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, wherein the end-of-life tire-derived rubber and the complementary polymer have different backbone chemistries. 7. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, having an effective particle size of less than 5 microns. 8. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, wherein the at least one complementary polymer comprises a hydroxyl-containing polymer. 9. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, wherein the at least one complementary polymer comprises a vegetable oil. 10. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, wherein the at least one complementary polymer comprises a soybean oil, a castor oil, a linseed oil, a sunflower oil, or a hydrogenated soy oil. 11. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, in a form of a sheet. 12. The polymeric matrix of claim 11, exhibiting an anisotropy in length tensile strength to width tensile strength, wherein the anisotropy in length tensile strength to width tensile strength is at least 1.1:1. 13. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, in a form of laminated sheets, wherein each of the sheets has a thickness of from 10 to 70 microns, and wherein each of the sheets is oriented 30 to 45 degrees to an anisotropic grain of an adjacent sheet. 14. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, in a form of an article selected from the group consisting of tire tread, tire sidewall, roofing membrane, high dielectric electrical tape, tank lining, reservoir lining, trench lining, bridge underlayment, wire harness wrap, self-bonding wire harness wrap, shoe soles, rubber boots, electrical tape, foundation waterproofing, parking garage waterproofing, hose, belt, and molding. 15. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, in a form of a radiation shielding material. 16. A paving material comprising the polymeric matrix of claim 4. 17. A suspension of the polymeric matrix of claim 4 in asphalt. 18. A method for preparing a polymeric matrix, comprising:
combining vulcanized rubber particles, a complementary polymer, and an organometallic compound into a mixture, so as to induce delamination of a rubber matrix within the vulcanized rubber particles as coordinated with disrupting sulfidic linkages, and so as to induce crosslinking of the complementary polymer into the polymeric matrix, whereby the polymeric matrix encapsulates carbon black particles. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein combining comprises applying pressure to the mixture. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein combining comprises combining in a roller mill. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein combining takes place in an absence of water as a carrier fluid. 22. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, wherein the end-of-life tire-derived rubber comprises dislocation sites formed by dislocating a least stable attachment point of a transverse crosslink of the end-of-life tire-derived rubber without negatively altering an elastomer molecule of the end-of-life tire derived rubber or a sulfur bridge of the end-of-life tire derived rubber, wherein the molecules of the complementary polymer are installed through complimentary polymer molecule receptors upon the dislocation sites, wherein the polymer matrix is formed by re-crosslinking an original hinged, sulfur bridge at a susceptible dislocation site along a backbone of the elastomer molecule. 23. The polymeric matrix of claim 22, wherein an organometallic compound induces delamination of the end-of-life tire-derived rubber as coordinated with disrupting sulfidic linkages, and so as to induce crosslinking of the complementary polymer into the end-of-life tire-derived rubber, wherein the organometallic compound comprises a metal having octahedral molecular geometry selected from the group consisting of Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+, and wherein the organometallic compound comprises an organic anion as a ligand to the metal ion. 24. The polymeric matrix of claim 23, wherein the organometallic compound is copper acetate. 25. The polymeric matrix of claim 23, wherein the organometallic compound is a metal salt that undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid in a range of 115-150° C. 26. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, wherein closed looping comprises less than 5% of a total number of crosslinks in the end-of-life tire-derived rubber. | Crumb rubber obtained from recycled tires is subjected to an interlinked substitution process. The process utilizes a reactive component that interferes with sulfur bonds. The resulting treated rubber exhibits properties similar to those of the virgin composite rubber structure prior to being granulated, and is suitable for use in fabricating new tires, engineered rubber articles, and asphalt rubber for use in waterproofing and paving applications.1. (canceled) 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. A polymeric matrix comprising a crosslinked network of end-of-life tire-derived rubber and at least one complementary polymer, wherein the polymeric matrix encapsulates carbon black and/or graphene particles. 5. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, wherein the complementary polymer comprises virgin natural rubber and/or styrene butadiene/butadiene rubber. 6. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, wherein the end-of-life tire-derived rubber and the complementary polymer have different backbone chemistries. 7. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, having an effective particle size of less than 5 microns. 8. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, wherein the at least one complementary polymer comprises a hydroxyl-containing polymer. 9. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, wherein the at least one complementary polymer comprises a vegetable oil. 10. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, wherein the at least one complementary polymer comprises a soybean oil, a castor oil, a linseed oil, a sunflower oil, or a hydrogenated soy oil. 11. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, in a form of a sheet. 12. The polymeric matrix of claim 11, exhibiting an anisotropy in length tensile strength to width tensile strength, wherein the anisotropy in length tensile strength to width tensile strength is at least 1.1:1. 13. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, in a form of laminated sheets, wherein each of the sheets has a thickness of from 10 to 70 microns, and wherein each of the sheets is oriented 30 to 45 degrees to an anisotropic grain of an adjacent sheet. 14. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, in a form of an article selected from the group consisting of tire tread, tire sidewall, roofing membrane, high dielectric electrical tape, tank lining, reservoir lining, trench lining, bridge underlayment, wire harness wrap, self-bonding wire harness wrap, shoe soles, rubber boots, electrical tape, foundation waterproofing, parking garage waterproofing, hose, belt, and molding. 15. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, in a form of a radiation shielding material. 16. A paving material comprising the polymeric matrix of claim 4. 17. A suspension of the polymeric matrix of claim 4 in asphalt. 18. A method for preparing a polymeric matrix, comprising:
combining vulcanized rubber particles, a complementary polymer, and an organometallic compound into a mixture, so as to induce delamination of a rubber matrix within the vulcanized rubber particles as coordinated with disrupting sulfidic linkages, and so as to induce crosslinking of the complementary polymer into the polymeric matrix, whereby the polymeric matrix encapsulates carbon black particles. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein combining comprises applying pressure to the mixture. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein combining comprises combining in a roller mill. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein combining takes place in an absence of water as a carrier fluid. 22. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, wherein the end-of-life tire-derived rubber comprises dislocation sites formed by dislocating a least stable attachment point of a transverse crosslink of the end-of-life tire-derived rubber without negatively altering an elastomer molecule of the end-of-life tire derived rubber or a sulfur bridge of the end-of-life tire derived rubber, wherein the molecules of the complementary polymer are installed through complimentary polymer molecule receptors upon the dislocation sites, wherein the polymer matrix is formed by re-crosslinking an original hinged, sulfur bridge at a susceptible dislocation site along a backbone of the elastomer molecule. 23. The polymeric matrix of claim 22, wherein an organometallic compound induces delamination of the end-of-life tire-derived rubber as coordinated with disrupting sulfidic linkages, and so as to induce crosslinking of the complementary polymer into the end-of-life tire-derived rubber, wherein the organometallic compound comprises a metal having octahedral molecular geometry selected from the group consisting of Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+, and wherein the organometallic compound comprises an organic anion as a ligand to the metal ion. 24. The polymeric matrix of claim 23, wherein the organometallic compound is copper acetate. 25. The polymeric matrix of claim 23, wherein the organometallic compound is a metal salt that undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid in a range of 115-150° C. 26. The polymeric matrix of claim 4, wherein closed looping comprises less than 5% of a total number of crosslinks in the end-of-life tire-derived rubber. | 2,800 |
346,924 | 16,805,381 | 2,881 | Disclosed is a method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis using TRPV1 receptor antagonist. More specifically, it may be possible to prevent and/or treat the atopic dermatitis without any side effects such as an increase in body temperature, epidermal atrophy, and the like by percutaneously administrating a composition for external use on the skin containing the TRPV1 receptor antagonist. | 1. A method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis, comprising a step of administering a compound represented by the following Formula 1 of an effective amount to a subject. 2. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 1, wherein the atopic dermatitis is mild or moderate (an IGA score of 2 to 3). 3. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 1, wherein the compound is administered to patients who suffer from the atopic dermatitis without any specific side effects such as epidermal atrophy in the patients who are resistant to or unreactive with steroid drugs or do not sufficiently react with the steroid drugs. 4. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 2, wherein the patients suffering from the atopic dermatitis have an eczema area and severity index (EASI) of 1.1 to 21. 5. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 2, wherein the patients suffering from the atopic dermatitis have eruption sites having a body surface area (BSA) of 5% or more. 6. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 1, wherein the compound is applied onto the skin as a part of a topical composition. 7. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 6, wherein the composition improves one or more parameters selected from the following parameters (a) to (d) associated with atopic dermatitis:
(a) improving an IGA grade of 2 for a patient (with mild symptoms) to grade 1 (almost clear symptoms) or 0 (clear symptoms); (b) improving an IGA grade of 3 for a patient (with moderate symptoms) to grade 1 (almost clear symptoms) or 0 (clear symptoms); (c) improving an EASI score and reducing the EASI score by at least 40% or more; and (d) reducing a visual analogue scale (VAS) or a pruritus index represented by pruritus severity. 8. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 7, wherein the subject of administration of the composition is a child and the EASI score is reduced by at least 60% or more. 9. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 7, wherein the subject of administration of the composition is an adult and the EASI score is reduced by at least 50% or more. 10. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 6, wherein the composition comprises 0.1 to 1.5% by weight of the compound of Formula 1. 11. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 6, wherein the composition is applied onto the skin. 12. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 6, wherein the composition is percutaneously administered twice a day. 13. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 6, wherein the composition is administered twice a day for 8 weeks. 14. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 6, wherein the composition is percutaneously applied twice a day for 8 weeks. 15. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 6, wherein a change in body temperature is not observed when the composition is administered. 16. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 6, wherein the composition is administered without side effects of epidermal atrophy even when the composition is repeatedly administered for 4 weeks or more. 17. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 6, wherein the composition is formulated into a cream, a gel, a patch, a spray, an ointment, a plaster, a lotion, a liniment, a paste, and a cataplasma. | Disclosed is a method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis using TRPV1 receptor antagonist. More specifically, it may be possible to prevent and/or treat the atopic dermatitis without any side effects such as an increase in body temperature, epidermal atrophy, and the like by percutaneously administrating a composition for external use on the skin containing the TRPV1 receptor antagonist.1. A method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis, comprising a step of administering a compound represented by the following Formula 1 of an effective amount to a subject. 2. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 1, wherein the atopic dermatitis is mild or moderate (an IGA score of 2 to 3). 3. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 1, wherein the compound is administered to patients who suffer from the atopic dermatitis without any specific side effects such as epidermal atrophy in the patients who are resistant to or unreactive with steroid drugs or do not sufficiently react with the steroid drugs. 4. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 2, wherein the patients suffering from the atopic dermatitis have an eczema area and severity index (EASI) of 1.1 to 21. 5. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 2, wherein the patients suffering from the atopic dermatitis have eruption sites having a body surface area (BSA) of 5% or more. 6. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 1, wherein the compound is applied onto the skin as a part of a topical composition. 7. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 6, wherein the composition improves one or more parameters selected from the following parameters (a) to (d) associated with atopic dermatitis:
(a) improving an IGA grade of 2 for a patient (with mild symptoms) to grade 1 (almost clear symptoms) or 0 (clear symptoms); (b) improving an IGA grade of 3 for a patient (with moderate symptoms) to grade 1 (almost clear symptoms) or 0 (clear symptoms); (c) improving an EASI score and reducing the EASI score by at least 40% or more; and (d) reducing a visual analogue scale (VAS) or a pruritus index represented by pruritus severity. 8. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 7, wherein the subject of administration of the composition is a child and the EASI score is reduced by at least 60% or more. 9. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 7, wherein the subject of administration of the composition is an adult and the EASI score is reduced by at least 50% or more. 10. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 6, wherein the composition comprises 0.1 to 1.5% by weight of the compound of Formula 1. 11. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 6, wherein the composition is applied onto the skin. 12. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 6, wherein the composition is percutaneously administered twice a day. 13. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 6, wherein the composition is administered twice a day for 8 weeks. 14. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 6, wherein the composition is percutaneously applied twice a day for 8 weeks. 15. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 6, wherein a change in body temperature is not observed when the composition is administered. 16. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 6, wherein the composition is administered without side effects of epidermal atrophy even when the composition is repeatedly administered for 4 weeks or more. 17. The method for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis of claim 6, wherein the composition is formulated into a cream, a gel, a patch, a spray, an ointment, a plaster, a lotion, a liniment, a paste, and a cataplasma. | 2,800 |
346,925 | 16,805,395 | 2,119 | A method for controlling a heating, ventilation, or air conditioning (HVAC) system in a building. The method includes receiving environmental data of the HVAC system via a cloud network and generating an application based on the received environmental data of the HVAC system. The method further includes providing the application to a user interface via the cloud network. The application receives control instructions via the user interface and provides control signals to a plurality of HVAC equipment in the building to satisfy the control instructions. | 1. A method for controlling a heating, ventilation, or air conditioning (HVAC) system in a building, the method comprising:
receiving environmental data of the HVAC system via a cloud network; generating an application based on the received environmental data of the HVAC system; providing the application to a user interface via the cloud network, wherein the application is configured to:
receive control instructions via the user interface; and
provide control signals to a plurality of HVAC equipment in the building to satisfy the control instructions. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the application further comprises:
generating an application on one or more servers via a processing circuit, the processing circuit including one or more processors and memory. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the application is further configured to provide a widget to:
generate a model based on the received environmental data; determine a set of recommendations based on the received environmental data; and provide the set of recommendations to the user interface. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the application is further configured to provide a widget to:
receive control signals based on a set of sleep preferences of a user of the user interface; determine a first set of control signals for the plurality of HVAC equipment based on the set of sleep preferences of the user; and provide the first set of control signals to the plurality of HVAC equipment. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the application is further configured to:
receive utility data via a utility provider; determine a second set of control signals configured to increase a savings on energy based on the received utility data, wherein the savings comprises financial savings or energy savings or both; and provide the second set of control signals to the plurality of HVAC equipment. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the application is further configured to:
receive control signals based on a set of pet preferences of a user of the user interface; determine a third set of control signals for the plurality of HVAC equipment based on the set of pet preferences; and provide the third set of control signals to the plurality of HVAC equipment. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the application is further configured to:
receive air quality data of the HVAC system; determine a fourth set of control signals for the plurality of HVAC equipment configured to increase a quality of air in the HVAC system; and provide the fourth set of control signals to the plurality of HVAC equipment. 8. A system for personalizing heating, ventilation, or air conditioning (HVAC) controls in a building, the system comprising:
a plurality of HVAC equipment, a plurality of sensors, and a user device; a cloud server comprising a processing circuit, the processing circuit comprising one or more processors and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving environmental data of the HVAC system via a cloud network;
generating an application based on the received environmental data of the HVAC system;
provide the application to a user interface via the cloud network, wherein the application is configured to:
receive control instructions via the user interface; and
provide control signals to the plurality of HVAC equipment in the building to satisfy the control instructions. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the application is further configured to provide a widget to:
generate a model based on the received environmental data; determine a set of recommendations based on the received environmental data; and provide the set of recommendations to the user interface. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the application is further configured to provide a widget to:
receive control signals based on a set of sleep preferences of a user of the user interface; determine a first set of control signals for the plurality of HVAC equipment based on the set of sleep preferences of the user; and provide the first set of control signals to the plurality of HVAC equipment. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the application is further configured to:
receive utility data via a utility provider; determine a second set of control signals configured to increase a savings on energy based on the received utility data, wherein the savings comprises financial savings or energy savings or both; and provide the second set of control signals to the plurality of HVAC equipment. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the application is further configured to:
receive control signals based on a set of pet preferences of a user of the user interface; determine a third set of control signals for the plurality of HVAC equipment based on the set of pet preferences; and provide the third set of control signals to the plurality of HVAC equipment. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the application is further configured to:
receive air quality data of the HVAC system; determine a fourth set of control signals for the plurality of HVAC equipment configured to increase a quality of air in the HVAC system; and provide the fourth set of control signals to the plurality of HVAC equipment. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the cloud server is located off premise at a different location than the user device. 15. A method of personalizing a heating, ventilation, or air conditioning (HVAC) control system in a building, the method comprising:
receiving environmental data of the HVAC system via a cloud network; generating an application based on the received environmental data of the HVAC system; providing the application to a user interface via the cloud network, wherein the application is configured to:
generate a model based on the received environmental data;
determine a set of recommendations based on the received environmental data; and
provide the set of recommendations to the user interface. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein generating the application further comprises:
generating an application on one or more servers via a processing circuit, the processing circuit including one or more processors and memory. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the application is further configured to provide a widget to:
receive control signals based on a set of sleep preferences of a user of the user interface; determine a first set of control signals for the plurality of HVAC equipment based on the set of pet preferences; and provide the first set of control signals to the plurality of HVAC equipment. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the application is further configured to:
receive utility data via a utility provider; determine a second set of control signals configured to increase a savings on energy based on the received utility data, wherein the savings comprises financial savings or energy savings or both; and provide the second set of control signals to the plurality of HVAC equipment. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the application is further configured to:
receive control signals based on a set of pet preferences of a user of the user interface; determine a third set of control signals for the plurality of HVAC equipment based on the set of sleep preferences of the pet; and provide the third set of control signals to the plurality of HVAC equipment. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the application is further configured to:
receive air quality data of the HVAC system; determine a fourth set of control signals for the plurality of HVAC equipment configured to increase a quality of air in the HVAC system; and provide the fourth set of control signals to the plurality of HVAC equipment. | A method for controlling a heating, ventilation, or air conditioning (HVAC) system in a building. The method includes receiving environmental data of the HVAC system via a cloud network and generating an application based on the received environmental data of the HVAC system. The method further includes providing the application to a user interface via the cloud network. The application receives control instructions via the user interface and provides control signals to a plurality of HVAC equipment in the building to satisfy the control instructions.1. A method for controlling a heating, ventilation, or air conditioning (HVAC) system in a building, the method comprising:
receiving environmental data of the HVAC system via a cloud network; generating an application based on the received environmental data of the HVAC system; providing the application to a user interface via the cloud network, wherein the application is configured to:
receive control instructions via the user interface; and
provide control signals to a plurality of HVAC equipment in the building to satisfy the control instructions. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the application further comprises:
generating an application on one or more servers via a processing circuit, the processing circuit including one or more processors and memory. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the application is further configured to provide a widget to:
generate a model based on the received environmental data; determine a set of recommendations based on the received environmental data; and provide the set of recommendations to the user interface. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the application is further configured to provide a widget to:
receive control signals based on a set of sleep preferences of a user of the user interface; determine a first set of control signals for the plurality of HVAC equipment based on the set of sleep preferences of the user; and provide the first set of control signals to the plurality of HVAC equipment. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the application is further configured to:
receive utility data via a utility provider; determine a second set of control signals configured to increase a savings on energy based on the received utility data, wherein the savings comprises financial savings or energy savings or both; and provide the second set of control signals to the plurality of HVAC equipment. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the application is further configured to:
receive control signals based on a set of pet preferences of a user of the user interface; determine a third set of control signals for the plurality of HVAC equipment based on the set of pet preferences; and provide the third set of control signals to the plurality of HVAC equipment. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the application is further configured to:
receive air quality data of the HVAC system; determine a fourth set of control signals for the plurality of HVAC equipment configured to increase a quality of air in the HVAC system; and provide the fourth set of control signals to the plurality of HVAC equipment. 8. A system for personalizing heating, ventilation, or air conditioning (HVAC) controls in a building, the system comprising:
a plurality of HVAC equipment, a plurality of sensors, and a user device; a cloud server comprising a processing circuit, the processing circuit comprising one or more processors and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving environmental data of the HVAC system via a cloud network;
generating an application based on the received environmental data of the HVAC system;
provide the application to a user interface via the cloud network, wherein the application is configured to:
receive control instructions via the user interface; and
provide control signals to the plurality of HVAC equipment in the building to satisfy the control instructions. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the application is further configured to provide a widget to:
generate a model based on the received environmental data; determine a set of recommendations based on the received environmental data; and provide the set of recommendations to the user interface. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the application is further configured to provide a widget to:
receive control signals based on a set of sleep preferences of a user of the user interface; determine a first set of control signals for the plurality of HVAC equipment based on the set of sleep preferences of the user; and provide the first set of control signals to the plurality of HVAC equipment. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the application is further configured to:
receive utility data via a utility provider; determine a second set of control signals configured to increase a savings on energy based on the received utility data, wherein the savings comprises financial savings or energy savings or both; and provide the second set of control signals to the plurality of HVAC equipment. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the application is further configured to:
receive control signals based on a set of pet preferences of a user of the user interface; determine a third set of control signals for the plurality of HVAC equipment based on the set of pet preferences; and provide the third set of control signals to the plurality of HVAC equipment. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the application is further configured to:
receive air quality data of the HVAC system; determine a fourth set of control signals for the plurality of HVAC equipment configured to increase a quality of air in the HVAC system; and provide the fourth set of control signals to the plurality of HVAC equipment. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the cloud server is located off premise at a different location than the user device. 15. A method of personalizing a heating, ventilation, or air conditioning (HVAC) control system in a building, the method comprising:
receiving environmental data of the HVAC system via a cloud network; generating an application based on the received environmental data of the HVAC system; providing the application to a user interface via the cloud network, wherein the application is configured to:
generate a model based on the received environmental data;
determine a set of recommendations based on the received environmental data; and
provide the set of recommendations to the user interface. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein generating the application further comprises:
generating an application on one or more servers via a processing circuit, the processing circuit including one or more processors and memory. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the application is further configured to provide a widget to:
receive control signals based on a set of sleep preferences of a user of the user interface; determine a first set of control signals for the plurality of HVAC equipment based on the set of pet preferences; and provide the first set of control signals to the plurality of HVAC equipment. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the application is further configured to:
receive utility data via a utility provider; determine a second set of control signals configured to increase a savings on energy based on the received utility data, wherein the savings comprises financial savings or energy savings or both; and provide the second set of control signals to the plurality of HVAC equipment. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the application is further configured to:
receive control signals based on a set of pet preferences of a user of the user interface; determine a third set of control signals for the plurality of HVAC equipment based on the set of sleep preferences of the pet; and provide the third set of control signals to the plurality of HVAC equipment. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the application is further configured to:
receive air quality data of the HVAC system; determine a fourth set of control signals for the plurality of HVAC equipment configured to increase a quality of air in the HVAC system; and provide the fourth set of control signals to the plurality of HVAC equipment. | 2,100 |
346,926 | 16,805,390 | 2,119 | A system for automated microorganism identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing comprising a reagent cartridge, a reagent stage, a cassette, a cassette, stage, a pipettor assembly, an optical detection system, and a controller is disclosed. The system is designed to dynamically adjust motor idle torque to control heat load and employs a fast focus process for determining the true focus position of an individual microorganism. The system also may quantify the relative abundance of viable microorganisms in a sample using dynamic dilution, and facilitate growth of microorganisms in customized media for rapid, accurate antimicrobial susceptibility testing. | 1. (canceled) 2. A system comprising:
a system controller comprising: a processor; and a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the system controller to perform operations comprising:
extracting three or more subsamples from a sample comprising cells of a species of microorganism;
diluting each subsample using a distinct dilution factor for each subsample;
determining a cell concentration of each diluted subsample;
approximating a non-linear effective dilution curve for the sample using the subsample cell concentrations and the distinct dilution factors;
determining from the non-linear effective dilution curve a target dilution factor usable in diluting the sample to a target cell concentration; and
diluting a portion of the sample using the determined target dilution factor. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the determining a cell concentration of each diluted subsample further comprises a counting of a number of cells present in each diluted subsample. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein approximating a non-linear effective dilution curve for the sample further comprises determining an average subsample cell concentration by multiplying each subsample cell concentration by its corresponding sample dilution factor raised to a power of a proportionality constant to obtain a mathematical product, summing the mathematical products to obtain a sum, and dividing the sum by the number of subsamples. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the operations performed by the system controller further comprise adjusting the determined target dilution factor with a growth factor associated with the species of microorganism prior to diluting a portion of the sample to the target cell concentration. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the growth factor accounts for the rate of growth of the species of microorganism and a rate of nonviable cells in the sample. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the growth factor is determined empirically for each microorganism. 8. The system of claim 2, wherein approximating a non-linear effective dilution curve for the sample comprises plotting dilution test points on an x/y plot, wherein each dilution test point comprises a subsample cell concentration and a corresponding sample dilution factor used to dilute the subsample. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein approximating a non-linear effective dilution curve for the sample further comprises interpolating between the dilution test points by performing at least one of multiple linear interpolations or multiple spline interpolations between the dilution test points, and creating a model of the non-linear effective dilution curve using the multiple interpolations. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein interpolating between multiple dilution test points comprises identifying a first of the dilution test points with a subsample cell concentration that, when adjusted by a growth factor associated with the species of microorganism, is less than the target cell concentration; identifying a second of the dilution test points with a subsample cell concentration that, when adjusted by the growth factor, is greater than or equal to the target cell concentration, and using an interpolation between the first and second identified dilution test points to determine the target dilution factor. 11. A method for dynamically diluting a sample comprising cells of a species of microorganism to a target cell concentration, the method comprising:
determining, using a processor, a target dilution factor usable in diluting the sample to a target cell concentration, the determining comprising:
identifying a growth factor associated with the species of microorganism in the sample;
diluting one or more subsamples of the sample using an associated sample dilution factor unique to each of the one or more subsamples to obtain one or more diluted subsamples;
determining a cell concentration in each of the one or more diluted subsamples;
creating a model of a non-linear dilution curve using the one or more determined cell concentrations and the associated sample dilution factors;
determining the target dilution factor using the model of the non-linear dilution curve, the growth factor, and the target cell concentration; and
diluting the sample using the determined target dilution factor to the target cell concentration. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the growth factor accounts for the rate of growth of the species of microorganism and a rate of nonviable cells. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the growth factor is determined empirically for the species of microorganism. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the determining a cell concentration in each of the one or more diluted sub samples further comprises a counting of a number of cells present in each diluted subsample. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein creating a model of a non-linear dilution curve for the sample further comprises determining an average subsample cell concentration by multiplying each subsample cell concentration by its corresponding sample dilution factor raised to a power of a proportionality constant to obtain a mathematical product, summing the mathematical products to obtain a sum, and dividing the sum by the number of subsamples, wherein there are at least two subsamples. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein determining the target dilution factor further comprises adjusting the average subsample cell concentration using the growth factor to obtain an adjusted average subsample cell concentration. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein adjusting the average subsample concentration using the growth factor further comprises determining a ratio of the adjusted average subsample cell concentration divided by the target cell concentration and raising the ratio to a power of a reciprocal of the proportionality constant. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein creating a model of a non-linear dilution curve for the sample comprises plotting dilution test points on an x/y plot, wherein each dilution test point comprises a subsample cell concentration and its corresponding sample dilution factor used to dilute the subsample. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein creating a model of a non-linear dilution curve for the sample further comprises interpolating between the dilution test points by performing at least one of multiple linear interpolations or multiple spline interpolations between the dilution test points, and creating the model of the non-linear effective dilution curve using the multiple interpolations. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein interpolating between the dilution test points comprises identifying a first of the dilution test points with a subsample cell concentration that, when adjusted by the growth factor, is less than the target cell concentration; identifying a second of the dilution test points with a subsample cell concentration that, when adjusted by the growth factor, is greater than or equal to the target cell concentration; and using an interpolation between the first and second identified dilution test points to determine the target dilution factor. | A system for automated microorganism identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing comprising a reagent cartridge, a reagent stage, a cassette, a cassette, stage, a pipettor assembly, an optical detection system, and a controller is disclosed. The system is designed to dynamically adjust motor idle torque to control heat load and employs a fast focus process for determining the true focus position of an individual microorganism. The system also may quantify the relative abundance of viable microorganisms in a sample using dynamic dilution, and facilitate growth of microorganisms in customized media for rapid, accurate antimicrobial susceptibility testing.1. (canceled) 2. A system comprising:
a system controller comprising: a processor; and a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the system controller to perform operations comprising:
extracting three or more subsamples from a sample comprising cells of a species of microorganism;
diluting each subsample using a distinct dilution factor for each subsample;
determining a cell concentration of each diluted subsample;
approximating a non-linear effective dilution curve for the sample using the subsample cell concentrations and the distinct dilution factors;
determining from the non-linear effective dilution curve a target dilution factor usable in diluting the sample to a target cell concentration; and
diluting a portion of the sample using the determined target dilution factor. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the determining a cell concentration of each diluted subsample further comprises a counting of a number of cells present in each diluted subsample. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein approximating a non-linear effective dilution curve for the sample further comprises determining an average subsample cell concentration by multiplying each subsample cell concentration by its corresponding sample dilution factor raised to a power of a proportionality constant to obtain a mathematical product, summing the mathematical products to obtain a sum, and dividing the sum by the number of subsamples. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the operations performed by the system controller further comprise adjusting the determined target dilution factor with a growth factor associated with the species of microorganism prior to diluting a portion of the sample to the target cell concentration. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the growth factor accounts for the rate of growth of the species of microorganism and a rate of nonviable cells in the sample. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the growth factor is determined empirically for each microorganism. 8. The system of claim 2, wherein approximating a non-linear effective dilution curve for the sample comprises plotting dilution test points on an x/y plot, wherein each dilution test point comprises a subsample cell concentration and a corresponding sample dilution factor used to dilute the subsample. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein approximating a non-linear effective dilution curve for the sample further comprises interpolating between the dilution test points by performing at least one of multiple linear interpolations or multiple spline interpolations between the dilution test points, and creating a model of the non-linear effective dilution curve using the multiple interpolations. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein interpolating between multiple dilution test points comprises identifying a first of the dilution test points with a subsample cell concentration that, when adjusted by a growth factor associated with the species of microorganism, is less than the target cell concentration; identifying a second of the dilution test points with a subsample cell concentration that, when adjusted by the growth factor, is greater than or equal to the target cell concentration, and using an interpolation between the first and second identified dilution test points to determine the target dilution factor. 11. A method for dynamically diluting a sample comprising cells of a species of microorganism to a target cell concentration, the method comprising:
determining, using a processor, a target dilution factor usable in diluting the sample to a target cell concentration, the determining comprising:
identifying a growth factor associated with the species of microorganism in the sample;
diluting one or more subsamples of the sample using an associated sample dilution factor unique to each of the one or more subsamples to obtain one or more diluted subsamples;
determining a cell concentration in each of the one or more diluted subsamples;
creating a model of a non-linear dilution curve using the one or more determined cell concentrations and the associated sample dilution factors;
determining the target dilution factor using the model of the non-linear dilution curve, the growth factor, and the target cell concentration; and
diluting the sample using the determined target dilution factor to the target cell concentration. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the growth factor accounts for the rate of growth of the species of microorganism and a rate of nonviable cells. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the growth factor is determined empirically for the species of microorganism. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the determining a cell concentration in each of the one or more diluted sub samples further comprises a counting of a number of cells present in each diluted subsample. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein creating a model of a non-linear dilution curve for the sample further comprises determining an average subsample cell concentration by multiplying each subsample cell concentration by its corresponding sample dilution factor raised to a power of a proportionality constant to obtain a mathematical product, summing the mathematical products to obtain a sum, and dividing the sum by the number of subsamples, wherein there are at least two subsamples. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein determining the target dilution factor further comprises adjusting the average subsample cell concentration using the growth factor to obtain an adjusted average subsample cell concentration. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein adjusting the average subsample concentration using the growth factor further comprises determining a ratio of the adjusted average subsample cell concentration divided by the target cell concentration and raising the ratio to a power of a reciprocal of the proportionality constant. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein creating a model of a non-linear dilution curve for the sample comprises plotting dilution test points on an x/y plot, wherein each dilution test point comprises a subsample cell concentration and its corresponding sample dilution factor used to dilute the subsample. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein creating a model of a non-linear dilution curve for the sample further comprises interpolating between the dilution test points by performing at least one of multiple linear interpolations or multiple spline interpolations between the dilution test points, and creating the model of the non-linear effective dilution curve using the multiple interpolations. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein interpolating between the dilution test points comprises identifying a first of the dilution test points with a subsample cell concentration that, when adjusted by the growth factor, is less than the target cell concentration; identifying a second of the dilution test points with a subsample cell concentration that, when adjusted by the growth factor, is greater than or equal to the target cell concentration; and using an interpolation between the first and second identified dilution test points to determine the target dilution factor. | 2,100 |
346,927 | 16,805,405 | 2,119 | Providing automated targetless snapshots for storage volumes includes estimating storage space needed for a new set of the snapshots based on an amount of expected change of data on the storage volumes, deleting current snapshots to free up an amount of space corresponding to estimated storage space for the new set of the snapshots, and creating the new set of the snapshots. The current snapshots may be selected for deletion based on creation date of the snapshots. Snapshots with an oldest creation data may be deleted. The storage volumes may be provided on a storage system. The storage system may show storage space used by the snapshots as unallocated. Storage space used by the snapshots may be managed by a storage resource pool. The storage resource pool may convert storage space shown as unallocated into allocated storage space in response to snapshots provided therein being converted into accessible snapshots. | 1. A method of providing automated targetless snapshots for storage volumes, comprising:
estimating storage space needed for a new set of the snapshots based on an amount of expected change of data on the storage volumes; deleting current snapshots to free up an amount of space corresponding to estimated storage space for the new set of the snapshots; and creating the new set of the snapshots. 2. A method, according to claim 1, wherein the current snapshots are selected for deletion based on creation date of the snapshots. 3. A method, according to claim 2, wherein snapshots with an oldest creation data are deleted. 4. A method, according to claim 1, wherein the storage volumes are provided on a storage system. 5. A method, according to claim 4, wherein the storage system shows storage space used by the snapshots as unallocated. 6. A method, according to claim 5, wherein storage space used by the snapshots is managed by a storage resource pool. 7. A method, according to claim 6, wherein the storage resource pool converts storage space shown as unallocated into allocated storage space in response to snapshots provided therein being converted into accessible snapshots. 8. A method, according to claim 6, wherein the storage resource pool deletes snapshots in response to additional storage space being requested by a process that is independent of the snapshots. 9. A method, according to claim 8, wherein snapshots are selected for deletion based on creation date of the snapshots. 10. A method, according to claim 9, wherein snapshots with an oldest creation data are deleted. 11. A non-transitory computer readable medium containing software that provides automated targetless snapshots for storage volumes, the software comprising:
executable code that estimates storage space needed for a new set of the snapshots based on an amount of expected change of data on the storage volumes; executable code that deletes current snapshots to free up an amount of space corresponding to estimated storage space for the new set of the snapshots; and executable code that creates the new set of the snapshots. 12. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 11, wherein the current snapshots are selected for deletion based on a creation date of the snapshots. 13. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 12, wherein snapshots with an oldest creation data are deleted. 14. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 11, wherein the storage volumes are provided on a storage system. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 14, wherein the storage system shows storage space used by the snapshots as unallocated. 16. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 15, wherein storage space used by the snapshots is managed by a storage resource pool. 17. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 16, wherein the storage resource pool converts storage space shown as unallocated into allocated storage space in response to snapshots provided therein being converted into accessible snapshots. 18. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 16, wherein the storage resource pool deletes snapshots in response to additional storage space being requested by a process that is independent of the snapshots. 19. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 18, wherein snapshots are selected for deletion based on creation date of the snapshots. 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 19, wherein snapshots with an oldest creation data are deleted. | Providing automated targetless snapshots for storage volumes includes estimating storage space needed for a new set of the snapshots based on an amount of expected change of data on the storage volumes, deleting current snapshots to free up an amount of space corresponding to estimated storage space for the new set of the snapshots, and creating the new set of the snapshots. The current snapshots may be selected for deletion based on creation date of the snapshots. Snapshots with an oldest creation data may be deleted. The storage volumes may be provided on a storage system. The storage system may show storage space used by the snapshots as unallocated. Storage space used by the snapshots may be managed by a storage resource pool. The storage resource pool may convert storage space shown as unallocated into allocated storage space in response to snapshots provided therein being converted into accessible snapshots.1. A method of providing automated targetless snapshots for storage volumes, comprising:
estimating storage space needed for a new set of the snapshots based on an amount of expected change of data on the storage volumes; deleting current snapshots to free up an amount of space corresponding to estimated storage space for the new set of the snapshots; and creating the new set of the snapshots. 2. A method, according to claim 1, wherein the current snapshots are selected for deletion based on creation date of the snapshots. 3. A method, according to claim 2, wherein snapshots with an oldest creation data are deleted. 4. A method, according to claim 1, wherein the storage volumes are provided on a storage system. 5. A method, according to claim 4, wherein the storage system shows storage space used by the snapshots as unallocated. 6. A method, according to claim 5, wherein storage space used by the snapshots is managed by a storage resource pool. 7. A method, according to claim 6, wherein the storage resource pool converts storage space shown as unallocated into allocated storage space in response to snapshots provided therein being converted into accessible snapshots. 8. A method, according to claim 6, wherein the storage resource pool deletes snapshots in response to additional storage space being requested by a process that is independent of the snapshots. 9. A method, according to claim 8, wherein snapshots are selected for deletion based on creation date of the snapshots. 10. A method, according to claim 9, wherein snapshots with an oldest creation data are deleted. 11. A non-transitory computer readable medium containing software that provides automated targetless snapshots for storage volumes, the software comprising:
executable code that estimates storage space needed for a new set of the snapshots based on an amount of expected change of data on the storage volumes; executable code that deletes current snapshots to free up an amount of space corresponding to estimated storage space for the new set of the snapshots; and executable code that creates the new set of the snapshots. 12. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 11, wherein the current snapshots are selected for deletion based on a creation date of the snapshots. 13. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 12, wherein snapshots with an oldest creation data are deleted. 14. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 11, wherein the storage volumes are provided on a storage system. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 14, wherein the storage system shows storage space used by the snapshots as unallocated. 16. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 15, wherein storage space used by the snapshots is managed by a storage resource pool. 17. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 16, wherein the storage resource pool converts storage space shown as unallocated into allocated storage space in response to snapshots provided therein being converted into accessible snapshots. 18. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 16, wherein the storage resource pool deletes snapshots in response to additional storage space being requested by a process that is independent of the snapshots. 19. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 18, wherein snapshots are selected for deletion based on creation date of the snapshots. 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 19, wherein snapshots with an oldest creation data are deleted. | 2,100 |
346,928 | 16,805,411 | 2,119 | A master of a bus system for process control with one slave and a bus. A transceiver circuit transmits and receives for process control by data packets. A channel has a receive memory area. The transceiver circuit is set up to write the receive data of a data packet received via the bus into the receive memory area. The channel has at least one selection circuit, an output of the selection circuit being connected to the transceiver circuit. The selection circuit has a first input for selecting initial data. The selection circuit has a second input, the second input being connected to the receive memory area, and the selection circuit is configured to select the transmit data from the initial data and/or the data written into the receive memory area and to output the transmitted data to the transceiver circuit for a data packet to be transmitted. | 1. A master of a bus system for process control with one slave and one bus, comprising:
a transceiver circuit for transmitting transmit data and receiving receive data for process control via data packets; and a channel that has a receive memory area; wherein the transceiver circuit is arranged so as to write the receive data of a data packet received via the bus to the receive memory area, wherein the channel has at least one selection circuit, an output of the selection circuit being connected to the transceiver circuit, wherein the selection circuit as a first input for the selection of initial data, wherein the selection circuit has a second input, the second input being connected to the receive memory area, and wherein the selection circuit is set up to select the transmit data from the first data and/or the receive data written to the receive memory area and to output the transmit data to the transceiver circuit for a data packet to be transmitted. 2. The master according to claim 1, wherein the transceiver circuit is set up to generate the data packets for the transmitted data and the receive data with a head and a data section for the transmitted data or receive data. 3. The master according to claim 1, wherein the transceiver circuit is configured to receive a data packet with a head and a data section via the bus and to read the receive data from the data section of the received data packet. 4. The master according to claim 1, wherein the transceiver circuit is arranged to generate a data packet to be transmitted with a head and a data section. 5. The master according to claim 1, wherein a link between the receive memory area and the second input is designed for direct transmission of the receive data. 6. The master according to claim 1, wherein the transceiver circuit is set up to write the transmit data to the data section of the data packet to be transmitted when the data packet to be transmitted is generated. 7. The master according to claim 1, wherein the transceiver circuit is configured to check the receive data of the received data packet. 8. The master according to claim 1, wherein the receive memory area has enough capacity for storing all the receive data of the received data packet substantially simultaneously. 9. The master according to claim 1, wherein the receive memory area comprises a first buffer and a second buffer, wherein the transceiver circuit is configured to write, the receive data to the second buffer when previous receive data of a previously received data packet is stored as valid receive data in the first buffer, or to write the receive data to the first buffer when previous receive data of a previously received data packet is stored as valid receive data in the second buffer. 10. The master according to claim 9, wherein the selection circuit for selecting the transmit data from the receive memory area is arranged to select the receive data from that of the first buffer or the second buffer which originate from the data packet last received and having valid receive data. 11. The master according to claim 1, wherein the transceiver circuit is set up to assign the channel to the transmit data and/or the receive data by an identifier in the data packet. 12. The master according to claim 11, wherein the transceiver circuit is a first finite state machine and is configured to generate the data packet for process control with the identifier via the first finite state machine. 13. The master according to claim 11, wherein the transceiver circuit has a second finite state machine and is configured to write the receive data of the received data packet to the receive memory area of the channel based on the identifier contained in the received data packet and the assignment to the channel. 14. The master according to claim 1, wherein the transceiver circuit has a control input and is configured to generate the data packet based on a control signal at the control input. 15. The master according to claim 1, wherein the channel for storing the initial data has a transmission memory area. 16. The master according to claim 15, further comprising a fieldbus interface circuit, wherein the fieldbus interface circuit is connected to the transmission memory area of the channel for inputting process data received via a fieldbus as the initial data into the transmission memory area. 17. The master according to claim 1, wherein the selection circuit is configured for bit granular selection, wherein via the selection circuit, transmission bits of the transmit data is composed bit by bit of bits of the initial data and bits of the receive data. 18. The master according to claim 1, wherein the first input of the selection circuit for the initial data has a bit width of several bits, and wherein the selection circuit has a switching element for each of the plurality of bits, wherein the selection circuit is set up in such a way that the switching elements are adapted to be independently controlled. 19. The master according to claim 1, wherein the channel has a control memory area with control values for controlling the selection circuit. 20. The master according to claim 1, wherein the initial data of the channel, formed by connections to high potential and/or low potential, are fixed data which are available at the first input of the selection circuit. 21. The master according to claim 20, wherein the receive memory area has a control output for output of a control signal for controlling the selection circuit, wherein the receive memory area is configured to apply a value of the control signal based on the reception of the receive data to an input of the selection circuit. 22. A method for operating a bus system for process control with a master and a slave, the method comprising:
generating by the master a data packet with transmission data for process control; writing by the master the transmission data from a selected channel into a payload data section of the data packet; writing by the master an identifier associated with the selected channel into the data packet; sending by the master the data packet containing the identifier and the transmission data to the slave; transmitting the data packet sent to the slave, back to the master and the data packet is received by the master; assigning by the master the receiving data packet to the selected channel based on the identifier; and storing receive data of the receiving data packet in the selected channel. 23. The method according to claim 22, wherein at least a part of the receive data stored in the selected channel for a subsequently transmitted data packet is written to the transmit data. 24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the master detects a failure of a slave to participate in bus communication on the bus, wherein the master writes a part of the receive data corresponding to the detected slave into the transmitted data of the channel. 25. The method according to claim 22, wherein the receive data stored in the selected channel is completely written into the transmitted data for a subsequent data packet to be transmitted. 26. A bus system for process control, the bus system comprising:
a master; and a slave, wherein the master is set up to generate a data packet with transmission data for process control, wherein the master is set up to write the transmission data from a selected channel to a payload data section of the data packet, wherein the selected channel has a respective associated memory area for its transmitted data, wherein the master is configured to write an identifier associated with the selected channel into the data packet, wherein the master is configured to send the data packet containing the identifier and the transmit data to the slave, wherein the slave is configured to receive the data packet, to read at least a part of the transmit data based on the identifier and/or to write at least part of the receive data and to send the data packet back to the master, wherein the master is configured to receive the data packet, wherein the master is configured to assign the received data packet to the selected channel based on the identifier, and wherein the master is configured to save the receive data of the received data packet in the selected channel. | A master of a bus system for process control with one slave and a bus. A transceiver circuit transmits and receives for process control by data packets. A channel has a receive memory area. The transceiver circuit is set up to write the receive data of a data packet received via the bus into the receive memory area. The channel has at least one selection circuit, an output of the selection circuit being connected to the transceiver circuit. The selection circuit has a first input for selecting initial data. The selection circuit has a second input, the second input being connected to the receive memory area, and the selection circuit is configured to select the transmit data from the initial data and/or the data written into the receive memory area and to output the transmitted data to the transceiver circuit for a data packet to be transmitted.1. A master of a bus system for process control with one slave and one bus, comprising:
a transceiver circuit for transmitting transmit data and receiving receive data for process control via data packets; and a channel that has a receive memory area; wherein the transceiver circuit is arranged so as to write the receive data of a data packet received via the bus to the receive memory area, wherein the channel has at least one selection circuit, an output of the selection circuit being connected to the transceiver circuit, wherein the selection circuit as a first input for the selection of initial data, wherein the selection circuit has a second input, the second input being connected to the receive memory area, and wherein the selection circuit is set up to select the transmit data from the first data and/or the receive data written to the receive memory area and to output the transmit data to the transceiver circuit for a data packet to be transmitted. 2. The master according to claim 1, wherein the transceiver circuit is set up to generate the data packets for the transmitted data and the receive data with a head and a data section for the transmitted data or receive data. 3. The master according to claim 1, wherein the transceiver circuit is configured to receive a data packet with a head and a data section via the bus and to read the receive data from the data section of the received data packet. 4. The master according to claim 1, wherein the transceiver circuit is arranged to generate a data packet to be transmitted with a head and a data section. 5. The master according to claim 1, wherein a link between the receive memory area and the second input is designed for direct transmission of the receive data. 6. The master according to claim 1, wherein the transceiver circuit is set up to write the transmit data to the data section of the data packet to be transmitted when the data packet to be transmitted is generated. 7. The master according to claim 1, wherein the transceiver circuit is configured to check the receive data of the received data packet. 8. The master according to claim 1, wherein the receive memory area has enough capacity for storing all the receive data of the received data packet substantially simultaneously. 9. The master according to claim 1, wherein the receive memory area comprises a first buffer and a second buffer, wherein the transceiver circuit is configured to write, the receive data to the second buffer when previous receive data of a previously received data packet is stored as valid receive data in the first buffer, or to write the receive data to the first buffer when previous receive data of a previously received data packet is stored as valid receive data in the second buffer. 10. The master according to claim 9, wherein the selection circuit for selecting the transmit data from the receive memory area is arranged to select the receive data from that of the first buffer or the second buffer which originate from the data packet last received and having valid receive data. 11. The master according to claim 1, wherein the transceiver circuit is set up to assign the channel to the transmit data and/or the receive data by an identifier in the data packet. 12. The master according to claim 11, wherein the transceiver circuit is a first finite state machine and is configured to generate the data packet for process control with the identifier via the first finite state machine. 13. The master according to claim 11, wherein the transceiver circuit has a second finite state machine and is configured to write the receive data of the received data packet to the receive memory area of the channel based on the identifier contained in the received data packet and the assignment to the channel. 14. The master according to claim 1, wherein the transceiver circuit has a control input and is configured to generate the data packet based on a control signal at the control input. 15. The master according to claim 1, wherein the channel for storing the initial data has a transmission memory area. 16. The master according to claim 15, further comprising a fieldbus interface circuit, wherein the fieldbus interface circuit is connected to the transmission memory area of the channel for inputting process data received via a fieldbus as the initial data into the transmission memory area. 17. The master according to claim 1, wherein the selection circuit is configured for bit granular selection, wherein via the selection circuit, transmission bits of the transmit data is composed bit by bit of bits of the initial data and bits of the receive data. 18. The master according to claim 1, wherein the first input of the selection circuit for the initial data has a bit width of several bits, and wherein the selection circuit has a switching element for each of the plurality of bits, wherein the selection circuit is set up in such a way that the switching elements are adapted to be independently controlled. 19. The master according to claim 1, wherein the channel has a control memory area with control values for controlling the selection circuit. 20. The master according to claim 1, wherein the initial data of the channel, formed by connections to high potential and/or low potential, are fixed data which are available at the first input of the selection circuit. 21. The master according to claim 20, wherein the receive memory area has a control output for output of a control signal for controlling the selection circuit, wherein the receive memory area is configured to apply a value of the control signal based on the reception of the receive data to an input of the selection circuit. 22. A method for operating a bus system for process control with a master and a slave, the method comprising:
generating by the master a data packet with transmission data for process control; writing by the master the transmission data from a selected channel into a payload data section of the data packet; writing by the master an identifier associated with the selected channel into the data packet; sending by the master the data packet containing the identifier and the transmission data to the slave; transmitting the data packet sent to the slave, back to the master and the data packet is received by the master; assigning by the master the receiving data packet to the selected channel based on the identifier; and storing receive data of the receiving data packet in the selected channel. 23. The method according to claim 22, wherein at least a part of the receive data stored in the selected channel for a subsequently transmitted data packet is written to the transmit data. 24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the master detects a failure of a slave to participate in bus communication on the bus, wherein the master writes a part of the receive data corresponding to the detected slave into the transmitted data of the channel. 25. The method according to claim 22, wherein the receive data stored in the selected channel is completely written into the transmitted data for a subsequent data packet to be transmitted. 26. A bus system for process control, the bus system comprising:
a master; and a slave, wherein the master is set up to generate a data packet with transmission data for process control, wherein the master is set up to write the transmission data from a selected channel to a payload data section of the data packet, wherein the selected channel has a respective associated memory area for its transmitted data, wherein the master is configured to write an identifier associated with the selected channel into the data packet, wherein the master is configured to send the data packet containing the identifier and the transmit data to the slave, wherein the slave is configured to receive the data packet, to read at least a part of the transmit data based on the identifier and/or to write at least part of the receive data and to send the data packet back to the master, wherein the master is configured to receive the data packet, wherein the master is configured to assign the received data packet to the selected channel based on the identifier, and wherein the master is configured to save the receive data of the received data packet in the selected channel. | 2,100 |
346,929 | 16,805,400 | 2,119 | A semiconductor storage device includes a stacked body including conductive layers stacked in a first direction; columnar bodies of a first group extending in the first direction in the stacked body, wherein memory cell transistors are respectively formed at intersections of the conductive layers and the columnar bodies of the first group; columnar bodies of a second group that are arranged in a second direction, and respectively include an insulating material; and an insulating film extending in the first direction and the second direction in the stacked body, and divides the stacked body to include a first portion adjacent to the columnar bodies of the first group, a second portion adjacent to the columnar bodies of the second group, a third portion between the first portion and the second portion, and a first protruding part protruding from one side surface in the third direction in the third portion. | 1. A semiconductor storage device, comprising:
a stacked body including a plurality of conductive layers stacked in a first direction; a plurality of columnar bodies of a first group that extend in the first direction in the stacked body, wherein a plurality of memory cell transistors are respectively formed at intersections of the conductive layers and the columnar bodies of the first group; a plurality of columnar bodies of a second group that are arranged in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and respectively include an insulating material; and an insulating film that extends in the first direction and the second direction in the stacked body, and divides the stacked body in a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction to include a first portion adjacent to the plurality of columnar bodies of the first group, a second portion adjacent to the plurality of columnar bodies of the second group, a third portion between the first portion and the second portion, and a first protruding part protruding from at least one side surface in the third direction in the third portion. 2. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of columnar bodies of the first group are spaced apart from one another by a first interval in the second direction, and the plurality of columnar bodies of the second group are separated from the plurality of columnar bodies of the first group by a first distance greater than the first interval in the second direction. 3. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the side surface includes a first side surface along the second direction and a second side surface located on a second side opposite to the first side surface, and the first protruding part protrudes in the third direction from at least one of the first side surface or the second side surface in a cross section along the second direction and the third direction. 4. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of columnar bodies of a third group provided in the third direction with respect to the columnar bodies of the first group, wherein the columnar bodies of the first group are spaced apart from one another by a second interval in the third direction, the columnar bodies of the third group are separated from the columnar bodies of the first group by a second distance greater than the second interval in the third direction, and the insulating film is located between the columnar bodies of the first group and the columnar bodies of the third group. 5. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 3, wherein
at least one of the first side surface and the second side surface of the insulating film includes a second protruding part protruding in the same direction as the first protruding part at a location adjacent to a region between the plurality of columnar bodies of the first group and the plurality of columnar bodies of the second group in the second direction. 6. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein a second width in the second direction of at least one of the columnar bodies of the second group is greater than a first width in the second direction of at least one of the columnar bodies of the first group. 7. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 5, wherein
the first protruding part is located closer to the plurality of columnar bodies of the first group than the plurality of columnar bodies of the second group, the second protruding part is located closer to the plurality of columnar bodies of the second group than the plurality of columnar bodies of the first group, and a protruding amount in the second direction of the second protruding part is greater than a protruding amount in the second direction of the first protruding part. 8. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the first portion of the insulating film includes a plurality of third protruding parts, and each of the plurality of third protruding parts protrudes in the third direction from the side surface. 9. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 8, wherein
each of the plurality of third protruding parts is arranged at equal intervals in the second direction. 10. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the second portion of the insulating film includes a plurality of fourth protruding parts, and each of the plurality of fourth protruding parts protrudes in the third direction from the side surface. 11. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 10, wherein
the plurality of fourth protruding parts are arranged at equal intervals in the first direction. 12. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first semiconductor part provided adjacent to the insulating film in the first direction, wherein the third portion of the insulating film includes a sub portion arranged in the third direction with respect to the first protruding part, and the first semiconductor part overlaps at least a part of the sub portion in the first direction. 13. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 12, further comprising:
a second semiconductor part provided adjacent to the columnar bodies of the first group in the first direction, wherein the second semiconductor part and the first semiconductor part include the same material. 14. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 12, wherein
the first semiconductor part includes silicon formed by epitaxial growth. 15. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a fifth protruding part that is provided along a part of an end surface of the insulating film in the third portion of the insulating film, and includes a semiconductor material. 16. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 15, wherein
the fifth protruding part and the columnar bodies of the first group include the same material. 17. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 15, further comprising:
a wiring layer provided adjacent to the stacked body in the first direction, wherein the fifth protruding part is in contact with the wiring layer. 18. A semiconductor storage device, comprising:
a stacked body including a plurality of conductive layers stacked in a first direction; a plurality of columnar bodies of a first group that extend in the first direction in the stacked body, wherein a plurality of memory cell transistors are respectively formed at intersections of the conductive layers and columnar bodies of the first group; a plurality of columnar bodies of a second group that are arranged in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and respectively include an insulating material; an insulating film that extends in the first direction and the second direction in the stacked body, and divides the stacked body in a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction to include a first portion adjacent to the plurality of columnar bodies of the first group, a second portion adjacent to the plurality of columnar bodies of the second group, and a third portion between the first portion and the second portion; and a first semiconductor part provided adjacent to the insulating film in the first direction. 19. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 18, further comprising:
a second semiconductor part provided in the first columnar body in the plurality of columnar bodies of the first group, wherein the second semiconductor part and the first semiconductor part include the same material. 20. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 18, wherein
the first semiconductor part includes silicon formed by epitaxial growth. 21. A semiconductor storage device, comprising:
a stacked body including a plurality of conductive layers stacked in a first direction; a plurality of columnar bodies of a first group that extend in the first direction in the stacked body, wherein a plurality of memory cell transistors are respectively formed at intersections of the conductive layers and the columnar bodies of the first group; a plurality of columnar bodies of a second group that are arranged in a second direction intersecting the first direction with respect to the plurality of columnar bodies of the first group, and respectively include an insulating material; an insulating film that extends in the first direction and the second direction in the stacked body, and divides the stacked body in a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction to include a first portion adjacent to the plurality of columnar bodies of the first group, a second portion adjacent to the plurality of columnar bodies of the second group, and a third portion between the first portion and the second portion; and a fifth protruding part, provided adjacent to the third portion of the insulating film in the first direction, that protrudes in the first direction from an end surface of the insulating film, and includes a semiconductor material. 22. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 21, wherein
the fifth protruding part and the plurality of columnar bodies of the first group include the same material. | A semiconductor storage device includes a stacked body including conductive layers stacked in a first direction; columnar bodies of a first group extending in the first direction in the stacked body, wherein memory cell transistors are respectively formed at intersections of the conductive layers and the columnar bodies of the first group; columnar bodies of a second group that are arranged in a second direction, and respectively include an insulating material; and an insulating film extending in the first direction and the second direction in the stacked body, and divides the stacked body to include a first portion adjacent to the columnar bodies of the first group, a second portion adjacent to the columnar bodies of the second group, a third portion between the first portion and the second portion, and a first protruding part protruding from one side surface in the third direction in the third portion.1. A semiconductor storage device, comprising:
a stacked body including a plurality of conductive layers stacked in a first direction; a plurality of columnar bodies of a first group that extend in the first direction in the stacked body, wherein a plurality of memory cell transistors are respectively formed at intersections of the conductive layers and the columnar bodies of the first group; a plurality of columnar bodies of a second group that are arranged in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and respectively include an insulating material; and an insulating film that extends in the first direction and the second direction in the stacked body, and divides the stacked body in a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction to include a first portion adjacent to the plurality of columnar bodies of the first group, a second portion adjacent to the plurality of columnar bodies of the second group, a third portion between the first portion and the second portion, and a first protruding part protruding from at least one side surface in the third direction in the third portion. 2. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of columnar bodies of the first group are spaced apart from one another by a first interval in the second direction, and the plurality of columnar bodies of the second group are separated from the plurality of columnar bodies of the first group by a first distance greater than the first interval in the second direction. 3. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the side surface includes a first side surface along the second direction and a second side surface located on a second side opposite to the first side surface, and the first protruding part protrudes in the third direction from at least one of the first side surface or the second side surface in a cross section along the second direction and the third direction. 4. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of columnar bodies of a third group provided in the third direction with respect to the columnar bodies of the first group, wherein the columnar bodies of the first group are spaced apart from one another by a second interval in the third direction, the columnar bodies of the third group are separated from the columnar bodies of the first group by a second distance greater than the second interval in the third direction, and the insulating film is located between the columnar bodies of the first group and the columnar bodies of the third group. 5. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 3, wherein
at least one of the first side surface and the second side surface of the insulating film includes a second protruding part protruding in the same direction as the first protruding part at a location adjacent to a region between the plurality of columnar bodies of the first group and the plurality of columnar bodies of the second group in the second direction. 6. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein a second width in the second direction of at least one of the columnar bodies of the second group is greater than a first width in the second direction of at least one of the columnar bodies of the first group. 7. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 5, wherein
the first protruding part is located closer to the plurality of columnar bodies of the first group than the plurality of columnar bodies of the second group, the second protruding part is located closer to the plurality of columnar bodies of the second group than the plurality of columnar bodies of the first group, and a protruding amount in the second direction of the second protruding part is greater than a protruding amount in the second direction of the first protruding part. 8. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the first portion of the insulating film includes a plurality of third protruding parts, and each of the plurality of third protruding parts protrudes in the third direction from the side surface. 9. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 8, wherein
each of the plurality of third protruding parts is arranged at equal intervals in the second direction. 10. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the second portion of the insulating film includes a plurality of fourth protruding parts, and each of the plurality of fourth protruding parts protrudes in the third direction from the side surface. 11. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 10, wherein
the plurality of fourth protruding parts are arranged at equal intervals in the first direction. 12. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first semiconductor part provided adjacent to the insulating film in the first direction, wherein the third portion of the insulating film includes a sub portion arranged in the third direction with respect to the first protruding part, and the first semiconductor part overlaps at least a part of the sub portion in the first direction. 13. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 12, further comprising:
a second semiconductor part provided adjacent to the columnar bodies of the first group in the first direction, wherein the second semiconductor part and the first semiconductor part include the same material. 14. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 12, wherein
the first semiconductor part includes silicon formed by epitaxial growth. 15. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a fifth protruding part that is provided along a part of an end surface of the insulating film in the third portion of the insulating film, and includes a semiconductor material. 16. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 15, wherein
the fifth protruding part and the columnar bodies of the first group include the same material. 17. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 15, further comprising:
a wiring layer provided adjacent to the stacked body in the first direction, wherein the fifth protruding part is in contact with the wiring layer. 18. A semiconductor storage device, comprising:
a stacked body including a plurality of conductive layers stacked in a first direction; a plurality of columnar bodies of a first group that extend in the first direction in the stacked body, wherein a plurality of memory cell transistors are respectively formed at intersections of the conductive layers and columnar bodies of the first group; a plurality of columnar bodies of a second group that are arranged in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and respectively include an insulating material; an insulating film that extends in the first direction and the second direction in the stacked body, and divides the stacked body in a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction to include a first portion adjacent to the plurality of columnar bodies of the first group, a second portion adjacent to the plurality of columnar bodies of the second group, and a third portion between the first portion and the second portion; and a first semiconductor part provided adjacent to the insulating film in the first direction. 19. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 18, further comprising:
a second semiconductor part provided in the first columnar body in the plurality of columnar bodies of the first group, wherein the second semiconductor part and the first semiconductor part include the same material. 20. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 18, wherein
the first semiconductor part includes silicon formed by epitaxial growth. 21. A semiconductor storage device, comprising:
a stacked body including a plurality of conductive layers stacked in a first direction; a plurality of columnar bodies of a first group that extend in the first direction in the stacked body, wherein a plurality of memory cell transistors are respectively formed at intersections of the conductive layers and the columnar bodies of the first group; a plurality of columnar bodies of a second group that are arranged in a second direction intersecting the first direction with respect to the plurality of columnar bodies of the first group, and respectively include an insulating material; an insulating film that extends in the first direction and the second direction in the stacked body, and divides the stacked body in a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction to include a first portion adjacent to the plurality of columnar bodies of the first group, a second portion adjacent to the plurality of columnar bodies of the second group, and a third portion between the first portion and the second portion; and a fifth protruding part, provided adjacent to the third portion of the insulating film in the first direction, that protrudes in the first direction from an end surface of the insulating film, and includes a semiconductor material. 22. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 21, wherein
the fifth protruding part and the plurality of columnar bodies of the first group include the same material. | 2,100 |
346,930 | 16,805,410 | 1,629 | The present invention provides, inter alia, methods for treating or ameliorating the effects of a disorder, such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, by increasing or decreasing proline levels. Further provided are methods of predicting and monitoring the clinical response in a patient, and diagnostic systems for identifying a patient likely to benefit from proline modulation. | 1. A method for predicting the clinical response of a subject with a disorder to a solute carrier (SLC) modulator comprising:
a) obtaining a biological sample from the subject; b) determining the identity of the allele(s) of the Val158/108Met locus associated with the COMT gene in the sample; wherein the presence of Val/Val is indicative of a subject who will benefit from an SLC modulator that increases proline levels, and wherein the presence of at least one Met allele is indicative of a subject who will benefit from an SLC modulator that decreases proline levels; and c) administering, if appropriate based on the results of step b), an effective amount of an SLC modulator to the subject to achieve an appropriate clinical response. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the SLC to be modulated is selected from the group consisting of SLC6A7, SLC6A17, SLC6A20, SLC6A9, SLC7A11, SLC1A1, SLC1A2, SLC1A3, SLC1A4, SLC1A5, SLC1A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, SLC7A13, SLC7A10, SLC17A6, SLC17A7, SLC17A8, SLC32A1, SLC36A1, SLC36A2, SLC36A4, SLC38A2, SLC38A4, SLC38A9, SLC6A1, SLC6A13, SLC6A11, SLC6A12, SLC6A5, SLC6A14, SLC6A15, SLC6A18, SLC6A19, and combinations thereof. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the SLC to be modulated is SLC6A7. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the SLC modulator that increases proline levels is an SLC6A7 modulator selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, 2′,3,3′,4′,5-pentachloro-4-hydroxybiphenyl, Dronabinol, ethanol, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Methionine-enkephalin, [D-Ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, Leucine enkephalin, (des-Tyr)-Leucine enkephalin, Leucine enkephalinamide, [D-ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]Leu-enkephalin, GGFL, YGGFL, YGGFM, GFL, GGFL-NH2, YGGFLR, YGGFLRRI (dynorphin A1-8), GGFLRRI (des-Tyr-dynorphinA1-8), L-pipecolate (PIP), L-norleucine, sarcosine, Ammonium Chloride, bisphenol A, Copper, Morphine, Nicotine, Propylthiouracil, pyrachlostrobin, Imatinib mesylate, Fluoxetine, miR-205, microRNA-140, Imatinib, and combinations thereof. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, and combinations thereof. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is LX-6171. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a proline level in the subject and adjusting a treatment protocol for the subject based on the determined proline level. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the disorder is a psychiatric disorder. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the disorder is selected from the group consisting of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, depressive disorders, mood disorders, Alzheimer's disease, substance use disorders, ethanol use disorders, addictive disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and trauma and stressor-related disorders. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the disorder is schizophrenia. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the disorder is bipolar disorder. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the biological sample is selected from the group consisting of a blood sample, a biopsy sample, a plasma sample, a saliva sample, a tissue sample, a serum sample, a tear sample, a sweat sample, a skin sample, a cell sample, a hair sample, an excretion sample, a waste sample, a bodily fluid sample, a nail sample, a cheek swab, a cheek cell sample, and a mucous sample. 13. A method for monitoring the treatment of a subject in need thereof, the method comprising:
a) obtaining a biological sample from the subject; b) determining the genotype for the allele(s) of the COMT gene at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT) in the biological sample; c) determining the subject's proline level; and d) modifying the course of treatment, if necessary, including administering a solute carrier (SLC) modulator to the subject, or stopping or omitting treatment with an SLC modulator, or administering a different SLC modulator to the subject, based upon the presence or absence of a Val158/108Met polymorphism in the COMT gene, and/or an increase or decrease in the subject's proline level. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the SLC to be modulated is selected from the group consisting of SLC6A7, SLC6A17, SLC6A20, SLC6A9, SLC7A11, SLC1A1, SLC1A2, SLC1A3, SLC1A4, SLC1A5, SLC1A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, SLC7A13, SLC7A10, SLC17A6, SLC17A7, SLC17A8, SLC32A1, SLC36A1, SLC36A2, SLC36A4, SLC38A2, SLC38A4, SLC38A9, SLC6A1, SLC6A13, SLC6A11, SLC6A12, SLC6A5, SLC6A14, SLC6A15, SLC6A18, SLC6A19, and combinations thereof. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the SLC to be modulated is SLC6A7. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the presence of Val/Val at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT) of human COMT indicates the subject is a candidate for treatment or continued treatment with an SLC modulator that increases proline levels. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the SLC modulator that increases proline levels is an SLC6A7 modulator selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, 2′,3,3′,4′,5-pentachloro-4-hydroxybiphenyl, Dronabinol, ethanol, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Methionine-enkephalin, [D-Ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, Leucine enkephalin, (des-Tyr)-Leucine enkephalin, Leucine enkephalinamide, [D-ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]Leu-enkephalin, GGFL, YGGFL, YGGFM, GFL, GGFL-NH2, YGGFLR, YGGFLRRI (dynorphin A1-8), GGFLRRI (des-Tyr-dynorphinA1-8), L-pipecolate (PIP), L-norleucine, sarcosine, Ammonium Chloride, bisphenol A, Copper, Morphine, Nicotine, Propylthiouracil, pyrachlostrobin, Imatinib mesylate, Fluoxetine, miR-205, microRNA-140, Imatinib, and combinations thereof. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, and combinations thereof. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is LX-6171. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the presence of at least one Met allele at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT) of human COMT indicates the subject is a candidate for treatment or continued treatment with an SLC modulator that decreases proline levels. 21. The method of claim 13, wherein the disorder is a psychiatric disorder. 22. The method of claim 13, wherein the subject has a disorder selected from the group consisting of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, depressive disorders, mood disorders, Alzheimer's disease, substance use disorders, ethanol use disorders, addictive disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and trauma and stressor-related disorders. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the disorder is schizophrenia. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the disorder is bipolar disorder. 25. A diagnostic system for identifying a subject with a disorder who will benefit from a solute carrier (SLC) modulator that increases or decreases proline levels comprising:
a) obtaining a biological sample from the subject; and b) determining the identity of alleles of the Val158/108Met locus associated with the COMT gene in the sample; wherein the presence of Val/Val at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT) is indicative of a subject who will benefit from an SLC modulator that increases proline levels and wherein the presence of at least one Met allele at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT) is indicative of a subject who will benefit from an SLC modulator that decreases proline levels. 26. The diagnostic system of claim 25, wherein the SLC to be modulated is selected from the group consisting of SLC6A7, SLC6A17, SLC6A20, SLC6A9, SLC7A11, SLC1A1, SLC1A2, SLC1A3, SLC1A4, SLC1A5, SLC1A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, SLC7A13, SLC7A10, SLC17A6, SLC17A7, SLC17A8, SLC32A1, SLC36A1, SLC36A2, SLC36A4, SLC38A2, SLC38A4, SLC38A9, SLC6A1, SLC6A13, SLC6A11, SLC6A12, SLC6A5, SLC6A14, SLC6A15, SLC6A18, SLC6A19, and combinations thereof. 27. The diagnostic system of claim 26, wherein the SLC to be modulated is SLC6A7. 28. The diagnostic system of claim 25, wherein the SLC modulator that increases proline levels is an SLC6A7 modulator selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, 2′,3,3′,4′,5-pentachloro-4-hydroxybiphenyl, Dronabinol, ethanol, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Methionine-enkephalin, [D-Ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, Leucine enkephalin, (des-Tyr)-Leucine enkephalin, Leucine enkephalinamide, [D-ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]Leu-enkephalin, GGFL, YGGFL, YGGFM, GFL, GGFL-NH2, YGGFLR, YGGFLRRI (dynorphin A1-8), GGFLRRI (des-Tyr-dynorphinA1-8), L-pipecolate (PIP), L-norleucine, sarcosine, Ammonium Chloride, bisphenol A, Copper, Morphine, Nicotine, Propylthiouracil, pyrachlostrobin, Imatinib mesylate, Fluoxetine, miR-205, microRNA-140, Imatinib, and combinations thereof. 29. The diagnostic system of claim 28, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, and combinations thereof. 30. The diagnostic system of claim 28, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is LX-6171. 31. The diagnostic system of claim 25, further comprising determining a proline level in the subject and adjusting a treatment protocol for the subject based on the determined proline level. 32. The diagnostic system of claim 25 further comprising c) administering an SLC modulator that increases proline leves to the subject who will benefit from it. 33. The diagnostic system of claim 32, wherein the SLC modulator that increases proline levels is an SLC6A7 modulator selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, 2′,3,3′,4′,5-pentachloro-4-hydroxybiphenyl, Dronabinol, ethanol, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Methionine-enkephalin, [D-Ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, Leucine enkephalin, (des-Tyr)-Leucine enkephalin, Leucine enkephalinamide, [D-ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]Leu-enkephalin, GGFL, YGGFL, YGGFM, GFL, GGFL-NH2, YGGFLR, YGGFLRRI (dynorphin A1-8), GGFLRRI (des-Tyr-dynorphinA1-8), L-pipecolate (PIP), L-norleucine, sarcosine, Ammonium Chloride, bisphenol A, Copper, Morphine, Nicotine, Propylthiouracil, pyrachlostrobin, Imatinib mesylate, Fluoxetine, miR-205, microRNA-140, Imatinib, and combinations thereof. 34. The diagnostic system of claim 33, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, and combinations thereof. 35. The diagnostic system of claim 33, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is LX-6171. 36. The diagnostic system of claim 25, wherein the disorder is a psychiatric disorder. 37. The diagnostic system of claim 25, wherein the disorder is selected from the group consisting of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, depressive disorders, mood disorders, Alzheimer's disease, substance use disorders, addictive disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and trauma and stressor-related disorders. 38. The diagnostic system of claim 33, wherein the disorder is schizophrenia. 39. The diagnostic system of claim 33, wherein the disorder is bipolar disorder. 40. The diagnostic system of claim 23, wherein step b) comprises use of a probe that selectively binds to the Val158/108Met locus associated with the COMT gene, wherein the probe is selected from the group consisting of an antibody, an antibody fragment, or a molecular beacon. 41. The diagnostic system of claim 23, wherein step b) comprises use of a primer or a probe, which specifically binds to a rs4680 G>A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). 42. A kit comprising the diagnostic system of claim 23, packaged together with instructions for its use. 43. A method for predicting the clinical response of a subject with a disorder to a solute carrier (SLC) modulator comprising:
a) determining the identity of the allele(s) of the Val158/108Met locus associated with the COMT gene using a biological sample of the subject; wherein the presence of Val/Val at the locus is indicative of a subject who will benefit from an SLC modulator that increases proline levels, and wherein the presence of at least one Met allele at the locus is indicative of a subject who will benefit from an SLC modulator that decreases proline levels; and b) administering, if appropriate based on the results of step (a), an effective amount of an SLC modulator to the subject to achieve a clinically appropriate response. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the SLC to be modulated is selected from the group consisting of SLC6A7, SLC6A17, SLC6A20, SLC6A9, SLC7A11, SLC1A1, SLC1A2, SLC1A3, SLC1A4, SLC1A5, SLC1A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, SLC7A13, SLC7A10, SLC17A6, SLC17A7, SLC17A8, SLC32A1, SLC36A1, SLC36A2, SLC36A4, SLC38A2, SLC38A4, SLC38A9, SLC6A1, SLC6A13, SLC6A11, SLC6A12, SLC6A5, SLC6A14, SLC6A15, SLC6A18, SLC6A19, and combinations thereof. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein the SLC to be modulated is SLC6A7. 46. The method of claim 43, wherein the SLC modulator that increases proline levels is an SLC6A7 modulator selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, 2′,3,3′,4′,5-pentachloro-4-hydroxybiphenyl, Dronabinol, ethanol, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Methionine-enkephalin, [D-Ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, Leucine enkephalin, (des-Tyr)-Leucine enkephalin, Leucine enkephalinamide, [D-ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]Leu-enkephalin, GGFL, YGGFL, YGGFM, GFL, GGFL-NH2, YGGFLR, YGGFLRRI (dynorphin A1-8), GGFLRRI (des-Tyr-dynorphinA1-8), L-pipecolate (PIP), L-norleucine, sarcosine, Ammonium Chloride, bisphenol A, Copper, Morphine, Nicotine, Propylthiouracil, pyrachlostrobin, Imatinib mesylate, Fluoxetine, miR-205, microRNA-140, Imatinib, and combinations thereof. 47. The method of claim 46, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, and combinations thereof. 48. The method of claim 46, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is LX-6171. 49. The method of claim 43, further comprising determining a proline level in the subject and adjusting a treatment protocol for the subject based on the determined proline level. 50. A method for monitoring the treatment of a subject with a disorder, the method comprising:
a) determining the genotype for the allele(s) of the COMT gene at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT) in a biological sample of the subject; b) determining the proline level of the subject; and c) modifying the course of treatment of the subject, if necessary, including administering a solute carrier (SLC) modulator to the subject or stopping or omitting treatment with an SLC modulator, or administering a different SLC modulator to the subject, based upon the presence or absence of a Val158/108Met polymorphism in the COMT gene. 51. The method of claim 50, wherein the SLC to be modulated is selected from the group consisting of SLC6A7, SLC6A17, SLC6A20, SLC6A9, SLC7A11, SLC1A1, SLC1A2, SLC1A3, SLC1A4, SLC1A5, SLC1A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, SLC7A13, SLC7A10, SLC17A6, SLC17A7, SLC17A8, SLC32A1, SLC36A1, SLC36A2, SLC36A4, SLC38A2, SLC38A4, SLC38A9, SLC6A1, SLC6A13, SLC6A11, SLC6A12, SLC6A5, SLC6A14, SLC6A15, SLC6A18, SLC6A19, and combinations thereof. 52. The method of claim 51, wherein the SLC to be modulated is SLC6A7. 53. A diagnostic system for identifying a subject with a disorder who will benefit from treatment with a solute carrier (SLC) modulator that increases or decreases proline levels comprising:
determining the identity of the allele(s) of the Val158/108Met locus associated with the COMT gene using a biological sample from the subject, wherein the presence of Val/Val at the locus is indicative of a subject who will benefit from an SLC modulator that increases proline levels and wherein the presence of at least one Met allele at the locus is indicative of a subject who will benefit from an SLC modulator that decreases proline levels. 54. The diagnostic system of claim 53, wherein the SLC to be modulated is selected from the group consisting of SLC6A7, SLC6A17, SLC6A20, SLC6A9, SLC7A11, SLC1A1, SLC1A2, SLC1A3, SLC1A4, SLC1A5, SLC1A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, SLC7A13, SLC7A10, SLC17A6, SLC17A7, SLC17A8, SLC32A1, SLC36A1, SLC36A2, SLC36A4, SLC38A2, SLC38A4, SLC38A9, SLC6A1, SLC6A13, SLC6A11, SLC6A12, SLC6A5, SLC6A14, SLC6A15, SLC6A18, SLC6A19, and combinations thereof. 55. The diagnostic system of claim 54, wherein the SLC to be modulated is SLC6A7. 56. The diagnostic system of claim 53, wherein the SLC modulator that increases proline levels is an SLC6A7 modulator selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, 2′,3,3′,4′,5-pentachloro-4-hydroxybiphenyl, Dronabinol, ethanol, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Methionine-enkephalin, [D-Ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, Leucine enkephalin, (des-Tyr)-Leucine enkephalin, Leucine enkephalinamide, [D-ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]Leu-enkephalin, GGFL, YGGFL, YGGFM, GFL, GGFL-NH2, YGGFLR, YGGFLRRI (dynorphin A1-8), GGFLRRI (des-Tyr-dynorphinA1-8), L-pipecolate (PIP), L-norleucine, sarcosine, Ammonium Chloride, bisphenol A, Copper, Morphine, Nicotine, Propylthiouracil, pyrachlostrobin, Imatinib mesylate, Fluoxetine, miR-205, microRNA-140, Imatinib, and combinations thereof. 57. The diagnostic system of claim 56, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, and combinations thereof. 58. The diagnostic system of claim 56, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is LX-6171. 59. The diagnostic system of claim 53, further comprising determining a proline level in the subject and adjusting a treatment protocol for the subject based on the determined proline level. 60. A method for treating or ameliorating the effects of a disorder in a subject in need thereof comprising:
a) obtaining a biological sample from the subject; b) determining, in the biological sample, the presence or absence of a Val158/108Met polymorphism in the COMT gene; and
ci) administering to the subject, if appropriate based on the results of step b), an effective amount of a solute carrier (SLC) modulator that increases proline levels if the subject is determined from step b) to have a Val/Val genotype at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT); or
cii) administering to the subject, if appropriate based on the results of step b), an effective amount of an SLC modulator that decreases proline levels if the subject is determined from step b) to have a Val/Met or Met/Met genotype at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT). 61. The method of claim 60, wherein the SLC to be modulated is selected from the group consisting of SLC6A7, SLC6A17, SLC6A20, SLC6A9, SLC7A11, SLC1A1, SLC1A2, SLC1A3, SLC1A4, SLC1A5, SLC1A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, SLC7A13, SLC7A10, SLC17A6, SLC17A7, SLC17A8, SLC32A1, SLC36A1, SLC36A2, SLC36A4, SLC38A2, SLC38A4, SLC38A9, SLC6A1, SLC6A13, SLC6A11, SLC6A12, SLC6A5, SLC6A14, SLC6A15, SLC6A18, SLC6A19, and combinations thereof. 62. The method of claim 61, wherein the SLC to be modulated is SLC6A7. 63. The method of claim 60, wherein the SLC modulator that increases proline levels is an SLC6A7 modulator selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, 2′,3,3′,4′,5-pentachloro-4-hydroxybiphenyl, Dronabinol, ethanol, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Methionine-enkephalin, [D-Ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, Leucine enkephalin, (des-Tyr)-Leucine enkephalin, Leucine enkephalinamide, [D-ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]Leu-enkephalin, GGFL, YGGFL, YGGFM, GFL, GGFL-NH2, YGGFLR, YGGFLRRI (dynorphin A1-8), GGFLRRI (des-Tyr-dynorphinA1-8), L-pipecolate (PIP), L-norleucine, sarcosine, Ammonium Chloride, bisphenol A, Copper, Morphine, Nicotine, Propylthiouracil, pyrachlostrobin, Imatinib mesylate, Fluoxetine, miR-205, microRNA-140, Imatinib, and combinations thereof. 64. The method of claim 63, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, and combinations thereof. 65. The method of claim 63, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is LX-6171. 66. The method of claim 60, further comprising determining a proline level in the subject and adjusting a treatment protocol for the subject based on the determined proline level. 67. The method of claim 60, wherein the subject is human. 68. The method of claim 60, wherein the Val158/108Met polymorphism in the COMT gene is a rs4680 G>A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). 69. The method of claim 60, wherein the disorder is a psychiatric disorder. 70. The method of claim 60, wherein the disorder is selected from the group consisting of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, depressive disorders, mood disorders, Alzheimer's disease, substance use disorders, ethanol use disorders, addictive disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and trauma and stressor-related disorders. 71. The method of claim 70, wherein the disorder is schizophrenia. 72. The method of claim 70, wherein the disorder is bipolar disorder. 73. The method of claim 60, which reduces a negative symptom of the disorder. 74. The method of claim 73, wherein the negative symptom is selected from the group consisting of apathy, diminished emotional expression, avolition, impaired social functioning, alogia, anhedonia, and combinations thereof. 75. The method of claim 73, which comprises decreasing a total Scale for Negative Symptoms (SANS) score, a Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) negative symptom sub-scale score, a Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) negative symptom sub-scale score, a Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS) score, clinical assessment interview for negative symptoms, negative assessment, or other measures of negative symptoms in the subject. 76. The method of claim 60, wherein the biological sample is selected from the group consisting of a blood sample, a biopsy sample, a plasma sample, a saliva sample, a tissue sample, a serum sample, a tear sample, a sweat sample, a skin sample, a cell sample, a hair sample, an excretion sample, a waste sample, a bodily fluid sample, a nail sample, a cheek swab, a cheek cell sample, and a mucous sample. 77. A method for treating or ameliorating the effects of a disorder in a subject in need thereof comprising:
a) determining, using a biological sample of the subject, the presence or absence of a Val158/108Met polymorphism in the COMT gene of the subject; and
bi) administering to the subject, if clinically appropriate, an effective amount of a solute carrier (SLC) modulator that increases proline levels if the subject is determined from step a) to have a Val/Val genotype at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT); or
bii) administering to the subject, if clinically appropriate, an effective amount of an SLC modulator that decreases proline levels if the subject is determined from step a) to have a Val/Met or Met/Met genotype at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT). 78. The method of claim 77, wherein the SLC to be modulated is selected from the group consisting of SLC6A7, SLC6A17, SLC6A20, SLC6A9, SLC7A11, SLC1A1, SLC1A2, SLC1A3, SLC1A4, SLC1A5, SLC1A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, SLC7A13, SLC7A10, SLC17A6, SLC17A7, SLC17A8, SLC32A1, SLC36A1, SLC36A2, SLC36A4, SLC38A2, SLC38A4, SLC38A9, SLC6A1, SLC6A13, SLC6A11, SLC6A12, SLC6A5, SLC6A14, SLC6A15, SLC6A18, SLC6A19, and combinations thereof. 79. The method of claim 78, wherein the SLC to be modulated is SLC6A7. 80. The method of claim 77, wherein the SLC modulator that increases proline levels is an SLC6A7 modulator selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, 2′,3,3′,4′,5-pentachloro-4-hydroxybiphenyl, Dronabinol, ethanol, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Methionine-enkephalin, [D-Ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, Leucine enkephalin, (des-Tyr)-Leucine enkephalin, Leucine enkephalinamide, [D-ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]Leu-enkephalin, GGFL, YGGFL, YGGFM, GFL, GGFL-NH2, YGGFLR, YGGFLRRI (dynorphin A1-8), GGFLRRI (des-Tyr-dynorphinA1-8), L-pipecolate (PIP), L-norleucine, sarcosine, Ammonium Chloride, bisphenol A, Copper, Morphine, Nicotine, Propylthiouracil, pyrachlostrobin, Imatinib mesylate, Fluoxetine, miR-205, microRNA-140, Imatinib, and combinations thereof. 81. The method of claim 80, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, and combinations thereof. 82. The method of claim 80, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is LX-6171. 83. The method of claim 70, further comprising determining a proline level in the subject and adjusting a treatment protocol for the subject based on the determined proline level. 84. A method for eradicating or reducing a negative symptom experienced by a subject who suffers from a disorder comprising:
a) obtaining a biological sample from the subject; b) determining, in the biological sample, the presence or absence of a Val158/108Met polymorphism in the COMT gene; and
ci) administering to the subject, if clinically appropriate, an effective amount of a solute carrier (SLC) modulator that increases proline levels if the subject is determined from step (b) to have a Val/Val genotype at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT); or
cii) administering to the subject, if clinically appropriate, an effective amount of an SLC modulator that decreases proline levels if the subject is determined from step (b) to have at least one Met allele at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT); or
ciii) modifying the course of treatment of the subject, if clinically appropriate, including stopping or omitting treatment with an SLC modulator, based upon the presence or absence of a Val158/108Met polymorphism in the COMT gene. 85. The method of claim 84, wherein the SLC to be modulated is selected from the group consisting of SLC6A7, SLC6A17, SLC6A20, SLC6A9, SLC7A11, SLC1A1, SLC1A2, SLC1A3, SLC1A4, SLC1A5, SLC1A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, SLC7A13, SLC7A10, SLC17A6, SLC17A7, SLC17A8, SLC32A1, SLC36A1, SLC36A2, SLC36A4, SLC38A2, SLC38A4, SLC38A9, SLC6A1, SLC6A13, SLC6A11, SLC6A12, SLC6A5, SLC6A14, SLC6A15, SLC6A18, SLC6A19, and combinations thereof. 86. The method of claim 85, wherein the SLC to be modulated is SLC6A7. 87. The method of claim 84, wherein the SLC modulator that increases proline levels is an SLC6A7 modulator selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, 2′,3,3′,4′,5-pentachloro-4-hydroxybiphenyl, Dronabinol, ethanol, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Methionine-enkephalin, [D-Ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, Leucine enkephalin, (des-Tyr)-Leucine enkephalin, Leucine enkephalinamide, [D-ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]Leu-enkephalin, GGFL, YGGFL, YGGFM, GFL, GGFL-NH2, YGGFLR, YGGFLRRI (dynorphin A1-8), GGFLRRI (des-Tyr-dynorphinA1-8), L-pipecolate (PIP), L-norleucine, sarcosine, Ammonium Chloride, bisphenol A, Copper, Morphine, Nicotine, Propylthiouracil, pyrachlostrobin, Imatinib mesylate, Fluoxetine, miR-205, microRNA-140, Imatinib, and combinations thereof. 88. The method of claim 87, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, and combinations thereof. 89. The method of claim 87, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is LX-6171. 90. The method of claim 84, wherein the negative symptom is selected from the group consisting of apathy, diminished emotional expression, avolition, impaired social functioning, alogia, anhedonia, and combinations thereof. 91. The method of claim 84, wherein a total Scale for Negative Symptoms (SANS) score, a Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) negative symptom sub-scale score, a Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) negative symptom sub-scale score, a Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS) score, clinical assessment interview for negative symptoms, negative assessment, or other measures of negative symptoms in the subject is reduced. 92. The method of claim 84, wherein the disorder is a psychiatric disorder. 93. The method of claim 84, wherein the disorder is selected from the group consisting of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, depressive disorders, mood disorders, Alzheimer's disease, substance use disorders, ethanol use disorders, addictive disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and trauma and stressor-related disorders. 94. The method of claim 93, wherein the disorder is schizophrenia. 95. The method of claim 93, wherein the disorder is bipolar disorder. 96. The method of claim 84, wherein the biological sample is selected from the group consisting of a blood sample, a biopsy sample, a plasma sample, a saliva sample, a tissue sample, a serum sample, a tear sample, a sweat sample, a skin sample, a cell sample, a hair sample, an excretion sample, a waste sample, a bodily fluid sample, a nail sample, a cheek swab, a cheek cell sample, and a mucous sample. 97. The method of claim 84, further comprising determining a proline level in the subject and adjusting a treatment protocol for the subject based on the determined proline level. 98. The method according to claim 97, wherein one of steps ci), cii), or ciii) is carried out based on the presence or absence of a Val158/108Met polymorphism in the COMT gene and/or the determined proline level. 99. A diagnostic system for identifying a subject with a disorder who will benefit from a solute carrier (SLC) modulator that increases or decreases proline levels comprising:
a) obtaining a biological sample from the subject; and b) determining the identity of alleles of the Val158/108Met locus associated with the COMT gene in the sample; wherein the presence of Val/Val at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT) is indicative of a subject who will benefit from an SLC modulator that increases proline levels and wherein the presence of at least one Met allele at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT) is indicative of a subject who will benefit from an SLC modulator that decreases proline levels; and wherein the SLC modulator that increases proline levels is LX-6171. 100. A method for treating or ameliorating the effects of a disorder in a subject in need thereof comprising:
a) obtaining a biological sample from the subject; b) determining, in the biological sample, the presence or absence of a Val158/108Met polymorphism in the COMT gene; and
ci) administering to the subject, if appropriate based on the results of step b), an effective amount of a solute carrier (SLC) modulator that increases proline levels if the subject is determined from step b) to have a Val/Val genotype at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT); or
cii) administering to the subject, if appropriate based on the results of step b), an effective amount of an SLC modulator that decreases proline levels if the subject is determined from step b) to have a Val/Met or Met/Met genotype at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT);
wherein the SLC modulator that increases proline levels is LX-6171. 101. A method for eradicating or reducing a negative symptom experienced by a subject who suffers from a disorder comprising:
a) obtaining a biological sample from the subject; b) determining, in the biological sample, the presence or absence of a Val158/108Met polymorphism in the COMT gene; and
ci) administering to the subject, if clinically appropriate, an effective amount of a solute carrier (SLC) modulator that increases proline levels if the subject is determined from step (b) to have a Val/Val genotype at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT); or
cii) administering to the subject, if clinically appropriate, an effective amount of an SLC modulator that decreases proline levels if the subject is determined from step (b) to have at least one Met allele at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT); or
ciii) modifying the course of treatment of the subject, if clinically appropriate, including stopping or omitting treatment with an SLC modulator, based upon the presence or absence of a Val158/108Met polymorphism in the COMT gene;
wherein the SLC modulator that increases proline levels is LX-6171. 102. A method for monitoring the treatment of a subject with a disorder, the method comprising:
a) determining the genotype for the allele(s) of the COMT gene at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT) in a biological sample of the subject; b) determining the proline level of the subject; c) determing the level of one or more of glycine, (D- and/or L-) serine, GABA, glutamate of the subject; and d) modifying the course of treatment of the subject, if necessary, including administering a solute carrier (SLC) modulator to the subject or stopping or omitting treatment with an SLC modulator, or administering a different SLC modulator to the subject, based upon the presence or absence of a Val158/108Met polymorphism in the COMT gene. 103. The method of claim 102, wherein the SLC to be modulated is selected from the group consisting of SLC6A7, SLC6A17, SLC6A20, SLC6A9, SLC7A11, SLC1A1, SLC1A2, SLC1A3, SLC1A4, SLC1A5, SLC1A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, SLC7A13, SLC7A10, SLC17A6, SLC17A7, SLC17A8, SLC32A1, SLC36A1, SLC36A2, SLC36A4, SLC38A2, SLC38A4, SLC38A9, SLC6A1, SLC6A13, SLC6A11, SLC6A12, SLC6A5, SLC6A14, SLC6A15, SLC6A18, SLC6A19, and combinations thereof. 104. The method of claim 103, wherein the SLC to be modulated is SLC6A7. 105. Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for monitoring the treatment of a subject with a disorder, the method comprising:
a) determining the genotype for the allele(s) of the COMT gene at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT) in a biological sample of the subject; b) determining the level of one or more of glycine, serine, GABA, glutamate of the subject; and c) modifying the course of treatment of the subject, if necessary, including administering a solute carrier (SLC) modulator to the subject or stopping or omitting treatment with an SLC modulator, or administering a different SLC modulator to the subject, based upon the presence or absence of a Val158/108Met polymorphism in the COMT gene. 106. The method of claim 105, wherein the SLC to be modulated is selected from the group consisting of SLC6A7, SLC6A17, SLC6A20, SLC6A9, SLC7A11, SLC1A1, SLC1A2, SLC1A3, SLC1A4, SLC1A5, SLC1A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, SLC7A13, SLC7A10, SLC17A6, SLC17A7, SLC17A8, SLC32A1, SLC36A1, SLC36A2, SLC36A4, SLC38A2, SLC38A4, SLC38A9, SLC6A1, SLC6A13, SLC6A11, SLC6A12, SLC6A5, SLC6A14, SLC6A15, SLC6A18, SLC6A19, and combinations thereof. 107. The method of claim 106, wherein the SLC to be modulated is SLC6A7. | The present invention provides, inter alia, methods for treating or ameliorating the effects of a disorder, such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, by increasing or decreasing proline levels. Further provided are methods of predicting and monitoring the clinical response in a patient, and diagnostic systems for identifying a patient likely to benefit from proline modulation.1. A method for predicting the clinical response of a subject with a disorder to a solute carrier (SLC) modulator comprising:
a) obtaining a biological sample from the subject; b) determining the identity of the allele(s) of the Val158/108Met locus associated with the COMT gene in the sample; wherein the presence of Val/Val is indicative of a subject who will benefit from an SLC modulator that increases proline levels, and wherein the presence of at least one Met allele is indicative of a subject who will benefit from an SLC modulator that decreases proline levels; and c) administering, if appropriate based on the results of step b), an effective amount of an SLC modulator to the subject to achieve an appropriate clinical response. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the SLC to be modulated is selected from the group consisting of SLC6A7, SLC6A17, SLC6A20, SLC6A9, SLC7A11, SLC1A1, SLC1A2, SLC1A3, SLC1A4, SLC1A5, SLC1A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, SLC7A13, SLC7A10, SLC17A6, SLC17A7, SLC17A8, SLC32A1, SLC36A1, SLC36A2, SLC36A4, SLC38A2, SLC38A4, SLC38A9, SLC6A1, SLC6A13, SLC6A11, SLC6A12, SLC6A5, SLC6A14, SLC6A15, SLC6A18, SLC6A19, and combinations thereof. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the SLC to be modulated is SLC6A7. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the SLC modulator that increases proline levels is an SLC6A7 modulator selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, 2′,3,3′,4′,5-pentachloro-4-hydroxybiphenyl, Dronabinol, ethanol, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Methionine-enkephalin, [D-Ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, Leucine enkephalin, (des-Tyr)-Leucine enkephalin, Leucine enkephalinamide, [D-ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]Leu-enkephalin, GGFL, YGGFL, YGGFM, GFL, GGFL-NH2, YGGFLR, YGGFLRRI (dynorphin A1-8), GGFLRRI (des-Tyr-dynorphinA1-8), L-pipecolate (PIP), L-norleucine, sarcosine, Ammonium Chloride, bisphenol A, Copper, Morphine, Nicotine, Propylthiouracil, pyrachlostrobin, Imatinib mesylate, Fluoxetine, miR-205, microRNA-140, Imatinib, and combinations thereof. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, and combinations thereof. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is LX-6171. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a proline level in the subject and adjusting a treatment protocol for the subject based on the determined proline level. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the disorder is a psychiatric disorder. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the disorder is selected from the group consisting of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, depressive disorders, mood disorders, Alzheimer's disease, substance use disorders, ethanol use disorders, addictive disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and trauma and stressor-related disorders. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the disorder is schizophrenia. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the disorder is bipolar disorder. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the biological sample is selected from the group consisting of a blood sample, a biopsy sample, a plasma sample, a saliva sample, a tissue sample, a serum sample, a tear sample, a sweat sample, a skin sample, a cell sample, a hair sample, an excretion sample, a waste sample, a bodily fluid sample, a nail sample, a cheek swab, a cheek cell sample, and a mucous sample. 13. A method for monitoring the treatment of a subject in need thereof, the method comprising:
a) obtaining a biological sample from the subject; b) determining the genotype for the allele(s) of the COMT gene at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT) in the biological sample; c) determining the subject's proline level; and d) modifying the course of treatment, if necessary, including administering a solute carrier (SLC) modulator to the subject, or stopping or omitting treatment with an SLC modulator, or administering a different SLC modulator to the subject, based upon the presence or absence of a Val158/108Met polymorphism in the COMT gene, and/or an increase or decrease in the subject's proline level. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the SLC to be modulated is selected from the group consisting of SLC6A7, SLC6A17, SLC6A20, SLC6A9, SLC7A11, SLC1A1, SLC1A2, SLC1A3, SLC1A4, SLC1A5, SLC1A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, SLC7A13, SLC7A10, SLC17A6, SLC17A7, SLC17A8, SLC32A1, SLC36A1, SLC36A2, SLC36A4, SLC38A2, SLC38A4, SLC38A9, SLC6A1, SLC6A13, SLC6A11, SLC6A12, SLC6A5, SLC6A14, SLC6A15, SLC6A18, SLC6A19, and combinations thereof. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the SLC to be modulated is SLC6A7. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the presence of Val/Val at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT) of human COMT indicates the subject is a candidate for treatment or continued treatment with an SLC modulator that increases proline levels. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the SLC modulator that increases proline levels is an SLC6A7 modulator selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, 2′,3,3′,4′,5-pentachloro-4-hydroxybiphenyl, Dronabinol, ethanol, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Methionine-enkephalin, [D-Ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, Leucine enkephalin, (des-Tyr)-Leucine enkephalin, Leucine enkephalinamide, [D-ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]Leu-enkephalin, GGFL, YGGFL, YGGFM, GFL, GGFL-NH2, YGGFLR, YGGFLRRI (dynorphin A1-8), GGFLRRI (des-Tyr-dynorphinA1-8), L-pipecolate (PIP), L-norleucine, sarcosine, Ammonium Chloride, bisphenol A, Copper, Morphine, Nicotine, Propylthiouracil, pyrachlostrobin, Imatinib mesylate, Fluoxetine, miR-205, microRNA-140, Imatinib, and combinations thereof. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, and combinations thereof. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is LX-6171. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the presence of at least one Met allele at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT) of human COMT indicates the subject is a candidate for treatment or continued treatment with an SLC modulator that decreases proline levels. 21. The method of claim 13, wherein the disorder is a psychiatric disorder. 22. The method of claim 13, wherein the subject has a disorder selected from the group consisting of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, depressive disorders, mood disorders, Alzheimer's disease, substance use disorders, ethanol use disorders, addictive disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and trauma and stressor-related disorders. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the disorder is schizophrenia. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the disorder is bipolar disorder. 25. A diagnostic system for identifying a subject with a disorder who will benefit from a solute carrier (SLC) modulator that increases or decreases proline levels comprising:
a) obtaining a biological sample from the subject; and b) determining the identity of alleles of the Val158/108Met locus associated with the COMT gene in the sample; wherein the presence of Val/Val at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT) is indicative of a subject who will benefit from an SLC modulator that increases proline levels and wherein the presence of at least one Met allele at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT) is indicative of a subject who will benefit from an SLC modulator that decreases proline levels. 26. The diagnostic system of claim 25, wherein the SLC to be modulated is selected from the group consisting of SLC6A7, SLC6A17, SLC6A20, SLC6A9, SLC7A11, SLC1A1, SLC1A2, SLC1A3, SLC1A4, SLC1A5, SLC1A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, SLC7A13, SLC7A10, SLC17A6, SLC17A7, SLC17A8, SLC32A1, SLC36A1, SLC36A2, SLC36A4, SLC38A2, SLC38A4, SLC38A9, SLC6A1, SLC6A13, SLC6A11, SLC6A12, SLC6A5, SLC6A14, SLC6A15, SLC6A18, SLC6A19, and combinations thereof. 27. The diagnostic system of claim 26, wherein the SLC to be modulated is SLC6A7. 28. The diagnostic system of claim 25, wherein the SLC modulator that increases proline levels is an SLC6A7 modulator selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, 2′,3,3′,4′,5-pentachloro-4-hydroxybiphenyl, Dronabinol, ethanol, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Methionine-enkephalin, [D-Ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, Leucine enkephalin, (des-Tyr)-Leucine enkephalin, Leucine enkephalinamide, [D-ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]Leu-enkephalin, GGFL, YGGFL, YGGFM, GFL, GGFL-NH2, YGGFLR, YGGFLRRI (dynorphin A1-8), GGFLRRI (des-Tyr-dynorphinA1-8), L-pipecolate (PIP), L-norleucine, sarcosine, Ammonium Chloride, bisphenol A, Copper, Morphine, Nicotine, Propylthiouracil, pyrachlostrobin, Imatinib mesylate, Fluoxetine, miR-205, microRNA-140, Imatinib, and combinations thereof. 29. The diagnostic system of claim 28, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, and combinations thereof. 30. The diagnostic system of claim 28, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is LX-6171. 31. The diagnostic system of claim 25, further comprising determining a proline level in the subject and adjusting a treatment protocol for the subject based on the determined proline level. 32. The diagnostic system of claim 25 further comprising c) administering an SLC modulator that increases proline leves to the subject who will benefit from it. 33. The diagnostic system of claim 32, wherein the SLC modulator that increases proline levels is an SLC6A7 modulator selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, 2′,3,3′,4′,5-pentachloro-4-hydroxybiphenyl, Dronabinol, ethanol, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Methionine-enkephalin, [D-Ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, Leucine enkephalin, (des-Tyr)-Leucine enkephalin, Leucine enkephalinamide, [D-ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]Leu-enkephalin, GGFL, YGGFL, YGGFM, GFL, GGFL-NH2, YGGFLR, YGGFLRRI (dynorphin A1-8), GGFLRRI (des-Tyr-dynorphinA1-8), L-pipecolate (PIP), L-norleucine, sarcosine, Ammonium Chloride, bisphenol A, Copper, Morphine, Nicotine, Propylthiouracil, pyrachlostrobin, Imatinib mesylate, Fluoxetine, miR-205, microRNA-140, Imatinib, and combinations thereof. 34. The diagnostic system of claim 33, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, and combinations thereof. 35. The diagnostic system of claim 33, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is LX-6171. 36. The diagnostic system of claim 25, wherein the disorder is a psychiatric disorder. 37. The diagnostic system of claim 25, wherein the disorder is selected from the group consisting of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, depressive disorders, mood disorders, Alzheimer's disease, substance use disorders, addictive disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and trauma and stressor-related disorders. 38. The diagnostic system of claim 33, wherein the disorder is schizophrenia. 39. The diagnostic system of claim 33, wherein the disorder is bipolar disorder. 40. The diagnostic system of claim 23, wherein step b) comprises use of a probe that selectively binds to the Val158/108Met locus associated with the COMT gene, wherein the probe is selected from the group consisting of an antibody, an antibody fragment, or a molecular beacon. 41. The diagnostic system of claim 23, wherein step b) comprises use of a primer or a probe, which specifically binds to a rs4680 G>A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). 42. A kit comprising the diagnostic system of claim 23, packaged together with instructions for its use. 43. A method for predicting the clinical response of a subject with a disorder to a solute carrier (SLC) modulator comprising:
a) determining the identity of the allele(s) of the Val158/108Met locus associated with the COMT gene using a biological sample of the subject; wherein the presence of Val/Val at the locus is indicative of a subject who will benefit from an SLC modulator that increases proline levels, and wherein the presence of at least one Met allele at the locus is indicative of a subject who will benefit from an SLC modulator that decreases proline levels; and b) administering, if appropriate based on the results of step (a), an effective amount of an SLC modulator to the subject to achieve a clinically appropriate response. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the SLC to be modulated is selected from the group consisting of SLC6A7, SLC6A17, SLC6A20, SLC6A9, SLC7A11, SLC1A1, SLC1A2, SLC1A3, SLC1A4, SLC1A5, SLC1A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, SLC7A13, SLC7A10, SLC17A6, SLC17A7, SLC17A8, SLC32A1, SLC36A1, SLC36A2, SLC36A4, SLC38A2, SLC38A4, SLC38A9, SLC6A1, SLC6A13, SLC6A11, SLC6A12, SLC6A5, SLC6A14, SLC6A15, SLC6A18, SLC6A19, and combinations thereof. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein the SLC to be modulated is SLC6A7. 46. The method of claim 43, wherein the SLC modulator that increases proline levels is an SLC6A7 modulator selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, 2′,3,3′,4′,5-pentachloro-4-hydroxybiphenyl, Dronabinol, ethanol, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Methionine-enkephalin, [D-Ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, Leucine enkephalin, (des-Tyr)-Leucine enkephalin, Leucine enkephalinamide, [D-ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]Leu-enkephalin, GGFL, YGGFL, YGGFM, GFL, GGFL-NH2, YGGFLR, YGGFLRRI (dynorphin A1-8), GGFLRRI (des-Tyr-dynorphinA1-8), L-pipecolate (PIP), L-norleucine, sarcosine, Ammonium Chloride, bisphenol A, Copper, Morphine, Nicotine, Propylthiouracil, pyrachlostrobin, Imatinib mesylate, Fluoxetine, miR-205, microRNA-140, Imatinib, and combinations thereof. 47. The method of claim 46, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, and combinations thereof. 48. The method of claim 46, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is LX-6171. 49. The method of claim 43, further comprising determining a proline level in the subject and adjusting a treatment protocol for the subject based on the determined proline level. 50. A method for monitoring the treatment of a subject with a disorder, the method comprising:
a) determining the genotype for the allele(s) of the COMT gene at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT) in a biological sample of the subject; b) determining the proline level of the subject; and c) modifying the course of treatment of the subject, if necessary, including administering a solute carrier (SLC) modulator to the subject or stopping or omitting treatment with an SLC modulator, or administering a different SLC modulator to the subject, based upon the presence or absence of a Val158/108Met polymorphism in the COMT gene. 51. The method of claim 50, wherein the SLC to be modulated is selected from the group consisting of SLC6A7, SLC6A17, SLC6A20, SLC6A9, SLC7A11, SLC1A1, SLC1A2, SLC1A3, SLC1A4, SLC1A5, SLC1A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, SLC7A13, SLC7A10, SLC17A6, SLC17A7, SLC17A8, SLC32A1, SLC36A1, SLC36A2, SLC36A4, SLC38A2, SLC38A4, SLC38A9, SLC6A1, SLC6A13, SLC6A11, SLC6A12, SLC6A5, SLC6A14, SLC6A15, SLC6A18, SLC6A19, and combinations thereof. 52. The method of claim 51, wherein the SLC to be modulated is SLC6A7. 53. A diagnostic system for identifying a subject with a disorder who will benefit from treatment with a solute carrier (SLC) modulator that increases or decreases proline levels comprising:
determining the identity of the allele(s) of the Val158/108Met locus associated with the COMT gene using a biological sample from the subject, wherein the presence of Val/Val at the locus is indicative of a subject who will benefit from an SLC modulator that increases proline levels and wherein the presence of at least one Met allele at the locus is indicative of a subject who will benefit from an SLC modulator that decreases proline levels. 54. The diagnostic system of claim 53, wherein the SLC to be modulated is selected from the group consisting of SLC6A7, SLC6A17, SLC6A20, SLC6A9, SLC7A11, SLC1A1, SLC1A2, SLC1A3, SLC1A4, SLC1A5, SLC1A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, SLC7A13, SLC7A10, SLC17A6, SLC17A7, SLC17A8, SLC32A1, SLC36A1, SLC36A2, SLC36A4, SLC38A2, SLC38A4, SLC38A9, SLC6A1, SLC6A13, SLC6A11, SLC6A12, SLC6A5, SLC6A14, SLC6A15, SLC6A18, SLC6A19, and combinations thereof. 55. The diagnostic system of claim 54, wherein the SLC to be modulated is SLC6A7. 56. The diagnostic system of claim 53, wherein the SLC modulator that increases proline levels is an SLC6A7 modulator selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, 2′,3,3′,4′,5-pentachloro-4-hydroxybiphenyl, Dronabinol, ethanol, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Methionine-enkephalin, [D-Ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, Leucine enkephalin, (des-Tyr)-Leucine enkephalin, Leucine enkephalinamide, [D-ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]Leu-enkephalin, GGFL, YGGFL, YGGFM, GFL, GGFL-NH2, YGGFLR, YGGFLRRI (dynorphin A1-8), GGFLRRI (des-Tyr-dynorphinA1-8), L-pipecolate (PIP), L-norleucine, sarcosine, Ammonium Chloride, bisphenol A, Copper, Morphine, Nicotine, Propylthiouracil, pyrachlostrobin, Imatinib mesylate, Fluoxetine, miR-205, microRNA-140, Imatinib, and combinations thereof. 57. The diagnostic system of claim 56, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, and combinations thereof. 58. The diagnostic system of claim 56, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is LX-6171. 59. The diagnostic system of claim 53, further comprising determining a proline level in the subject and adjusting a treatment protocol for the subject based on the determined proline level. 60. A method for treating or ameliorating the effects of a disorder in a subject in need thereof comprising:
a) obtaining a biological sample from the subject; b) determining, in the biological sample, the presence or absence of a Val158/108Met polymorphism in the COMT gene; and
ci) administering to the subject, if appropriate based on the results of step b), an effective amount of a solute carrier (SLC) modulator that increases proline levels if the subject is determined from step b) to have a Val/Val genotype at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT); or
cii) administering to the subject, if appropriate based on the results of step b), an effective amount of an SLC modulator that decreases proline levels if the subject is determined from step b) to have a Val/Met or Met/Met genotype at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT). 61. The method of claim 60, wherein the SLC to be modulated is selected from the group consisting of SLC6A7, SLC6A17, SLC6A20, SLC6A9, SLC7A11, SLC1A1, SLC1A2, SLC1A3, SLC1A4, SLC1A5, SLC1A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, SLC7A13, SLC7A10, SLC17A6, SLC17A7, SLC17A8, SLC32A1, SLC36A1, SLC36A2, SLC36A4, SLC38A2, SLC38A4, SLC38A9, SLC6A1, SLC6A13, SLC6A11, SLC6A12, SLC6A5, SLC6A14, SLC6A15, SLC6A18, SLC6A19, and combinations thereof. 62. The method of claim 61, wherein the SLC to be modulated is SLC6A7. 63. The method of claim 60, wherein the SLC modulator that increases proline levels is an SLC6A7 modulator selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, 2′,3,3′,4′,5-pentachloro-4-hydroxybiphenyl, Dronabinol, ethanol, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Methionine-enkephalin, [D-Ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, Leucine enkephalin, (des-Tyr)-Leucine enkephalin, Leucine enkephalinamide, [D-ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]Leu-enkephalin, GGFL, YGGFL, YGGFM, GFL, GGFL-NH2, YGGFLR, YGGFLRRI (dynorphin A1-8), GGFLRRI (des-Tyr-dynorphinA1-8), L-pipecolate (PIP), L-norleucine, sarcosine, Ammonium Chloride, bisphenol A, Copper, Morphine, Nicotine, Propylthiouracil, pyrachlostrobin, Imatinib mesylate, Fluoxetine, miR-205, microRNA-140, Imatinib, and combinations thereof. 64. The method of claim 63, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, and combinations thereof. 65. The method of claim 63, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is LX-6171. 66. The method of claim 60, further comprising determining a proline level in the subject and adjusting a treatment protocol for the subject based on the determined proline level. 67. The method of claim 60, wherein the subject is human. 68. The method of claim 60, wherein the Val158/108Met polymorphism in the COMT gene is a rs4680 G>A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). 69. The method of claim 60, wherein the disorder is a psychiatric disorder. 70. The method of claim 60, wherein the disorder is selected from the group consisting of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, depressive disorders, mood disorders, Alzheimer's disease, substance use disorders, ethanol use disorders, addictive disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and trauma and stressor-related disorders. 71. The method of claim 70, wherein the disorder is schizophrenia. 72. The method of claim 70, wherein the disorder is bipolar disorder. 73. The method of claim 60, which reduces a negative symptom of the disorder. 74. The method of claim 73, wherein the negative symptom is selected from the group consisting of apathy, diminished emotional expression, avolition, impaired social functioning, alogia, anhedonia, and combinations thereof. 75. The method of claim 73, which comprises decreasing a total Scale for Negative Symptoms (SANS) score, a Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) negative symptom sub-scale score, a Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) negative symptom sub-scale score, a Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS) score, clinical assessment interview for negative symptoms, negative assessment, or other measures of negative symptoms in the subject. 76. The method of claim 60, wherein the biological sample is selected from the group consisting of a blood sample, a biopsy sample, a plasma sample, a saliva sample, a tissue sample, a serum sample, a tear sample, a sweat sample, a skin sample, a cell sample, a hair sample, an excretion sample, a waste sample, a bodily fluid sample, a nail sample, a cheek swab, a cheek cell sample, and a mucous sample. 77. A method for treating or ameliorating the effects of a disorder in a subject in need thereof comprising:
a) determining, using a biological sample of the subject, the presence or absence of a Val158/108Met polymorphism in the COMT gene of the subject; and
bi) administering to the subject, if clinically appropriate, an effective amount of a solute carrier (SLC) modulator that increases proline levels if the subject is determined from step a) to have a Val/Val genotype at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT); or
bii) administering to the subject, if clinically appropriate, an effective amount of an SLC modulator that decreases proline levels if the subject is determined from step a) to have a Val/Met or Met/Met genotype at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT). 78. The method of claim 77, wherein the SLC to be modulated is selected from the group consisting of SLC6A7, SLC6A17, SLC6A20, SLC6A9, SLC7A11, SLC1A1, SLC1A2, SLC1A3, SLC1A4, SLC1A5, SLC1A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, SLC7A13, SLC7A10, SLC17A6, SLC17A7, SLC17A8, SLC32A1, SLC36A1, SLC36A2, SLC36A4, SLC38A2, SLC38A4, SLC38A9, SLC6A1, SLC6A13, SLC6A11, SLC6A12, SLC6A5, SLC6A14, SLC6A15, SLC6A18, SLC6A19, and combinations thereof. 79. The method of claim 78, wherein the SLC to be modulated is SLC6A7. 80. The method of claim 77, wherein the SLC modulator that increases proline levels is an SLC6A7 modulator selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, 2′,3,3′,4′,5-pentachloro-4-hydroxybiphenyl, Dronabinol, ethanol, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Methionine-enkephalin, [D-Ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, Leucine enkephalin, (des-Tyr)-Leucine enkephalin, Leucine enkephalinamide, [D-ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]Leu-enkephalin, GGFL, YGGFL, YGGFM, GFL, GGFL-NH2, YGGFLR, YGGFLRRI (dynorphin A1-8), GGFLRRI (des-Tyr-dynorphinA1-8), L-pipecolate (PIP), L-norleucine, sarcosine, Ammonium Chloride, bisphenol A, Copper, Morphine, Nicotine, Propylthiouracil, pyrachlostrobin, Imatinib mesylate, Fluoxetine, miR-205, microRNA-140, Imatinib, and combinations thereof. 81. The method of claim 80, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, and combinations thereof. 82. The method of claim 80, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is LX-6171. 83. The method of claim 70, further comprising determining a proline level in the subject and adjusting a treatment protocol for the subject based on the determined proline level. 84. A method for eradicating or reducing a negative symptom experienced by a subject who suffers from a disorder comprising:
a) obtaining a biological sample from the subject; b) determining, in the biological sample, the presence or absence of a Val158/108Met polymorphism in the COMT gene; and
ci) administering to the subject, if clinically appropriate, an effective amount of a solute carrier (SLC) modulator that increases proline levels if the subject is determined from step (b) to have a Val/Val genotype at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT); or
cii) administering to the subject, if clinically appropriate, an effective amount of an SLC modulator that decreases proline levels if the subject is determined from step (b) to have at least one Met allele at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT); or
ciii) modifying the course of treatment of the subject, if clinically appropriate, including stopping or omitting treatment with an SLC modulator, based upon the presence or absence of a Val158/108Met polymorphism in the COMT gene. 85. The method of claim 84, wherein the SLC to be modulated is selected from the group consisting of SLC6A7, SLC6A17, SLC6A20, SLC6A9, SLC7A11, SLC1A1, SLC1A2, SLC1A3, SLC1A4, SLC1A5, SLC1A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, SLC7A13, SLC7A10, SLC17A6, SLC17A7, SLC17A8, SLC32A1, SLC36A1, SLC36A2, SLC36A4, SLC38A2, SLC38A4, SLC38A9, SLC6A1, SLC6A13, SLC6A11, SLC6A12, SLC6A5, SLC6A14, SLC6A15, SLC6A18, SLC6A19, and combinations thereof. 86. The method of claim 85, wherein the SLC to be modulated is SLC6A7. 87. The method of claim 84, wherein the SLC modulator that increases proline levels is an SLC6A7 modulator selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, 2′,3,3′,4′,5-pentachloro-4-hydroxybiphenyl, Dronabinol, ethanol, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Methionine-enkephalin, [D-Ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, Leucine enkephalin, (des-Tyr)-Leucine enkephalin, Leucine enkephalinamide, [D-ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]Leu-enkephalin, GGFL, YGGFL, YGGFM, GFL, GGFL-NH2, YGGFLR, YGGFLRRI (dynorphin A1-8), GGFLRRI (des-Tyr-dynorphinA1-8), L-pipecolate (PIP), L-norleucine, sarcosine, Ammonium Chloride, bisphenol A, Copper, Morphine, Nicotine, Propylthiouracil, pyrachlostrobin, Imatinib mesylate, Fluoxetine, miR-205, microRNA-140, Imatinib, and combinations thereof. 88. The method of claim 87, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is selected from the group consisting of LX-6171, Benztropine, LP-403812, and combinations thereof. 89. The method of claim 87, wherein the SLC6A7 modulator is LX-6171. 90. The method of claim 84, wherein the negative symptom is selected from the group consisting of apathy, diminished emotional expression, avolition, impaired social functioning, alogia, anhedonia, and combinations thereof. 91. The method of claim 84, wherein a total Scale for Negative Symptoms (SANS) score, a Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) negative symptom sub-scale score, a Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) negative symptom sub-scale score, a Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS) score, clinical assessment interview for negative symptoms, negative assessment, or other measures of negative symptoms in the subject is reduced. 92. The method of claim 84, wherein the disorder is a psychiatric disorder. 93. The method of claim 84, wherein the disorder is selected from the group consisting of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, depressive disorders, mood disorders, Alzheimer's disease, substance use disorders, ethanol use disorders, addictive disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and trauma and stressor-related disorders. 94. The method of claim 93, wherein the disorder is schizophrenia. 95. The method of claim 93, wherein the disorder is bipolar disorder. 96. The method of claim 84, wherein the biological sample is selected from the group consisting of a blood sample, a biopsy sample, a plasma sample, a saliva sample, a tissue sample, a serum sample, a tear sample, a sweat sample, a skin sample, a cell sample, a hair sample, an excretion sample, a waste sample, a bodily fluid sample, a nail sample, a cheek swab, a cheek cell sample, and a mucous sample. 97. The method of claim 84, further comprising determining a proline level in the subject and adjusting a treatment protocol for the subject based on the determined proline level. 98. The method according to claim 97, wherein one of steps ci), cii), or ciii) is carried out based on the presence or absence of a Val158/108Met polymorphism in the COMT gene and/or the determined proline level. 99. A diagnostic system for identifying a subject with a disorder who will benefit from a solute carrier (SLC) modulator that increases or decreases proline levels comprising:
a) obtaining a biological sample from the subject; and b) determining the identity of alleles of the Val158/108Met locus associated with the COMT gene in the sample; wherein the presence of Val/Val at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT) is indicative of a subject who will benefit from an SLC modulator that increases proline levels and wherein the presence of at least one Met allele at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT) is indicative of a subject who will benefit from an SLC modulator that decreases proline levels; and wherein the SLC modulator that increases proline levels is LX-6171. 100. A method for treating or ameliorating the effects of a disorder in a subject in need thereof comprising:
a) obtaining a biological sample from the subject; b) determining, in the biological sample, the presence or absence of a Val158/108Met polymorphism in the COMT gene; and
ci) administering to the subject, if appropriate based on the results of step b), an effective amount of a solute carrier (SLC) modulator that increases proline levels if the subject is determined from step b) to have a Val/Val genotype at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT); or
cii) administering to the subject, if appropriate based on the results of step b), an effective amount of an SLC modulator that decreases proline levels if the subject is determined from step b) to have a Val/Met or Met/Met genotype at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT);
wherein the SLC modulator that increases proline levels is LX-6171. 101. A method for eradicating or reducing a negative symptom experienced by a subject who suffers from a disorder comprising:
a) obtaining a biological sample from the subject; b) determining, in the biological sample, the presence or absence of a Val158/108Met polymorphism in the COMT gene; and
ci) administering to the subject, if clinically appropriate, an effective amount of a solute carrier (SLC) modulator that increases proline levels if the subject is determined from step (b) to have a Val/Val genotype at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT); or
cii) administering to the subject, if clinically appropriate, an effective amount of an SLC modulator that decreases proline levels if the subject is determined from step (b) to have at least one Met allele at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT); or
ciii) modifying the course of treatment of the subject, if clinically appropriate, including stopping or omitting treatment with an SLC modulator, based upon the presence or absence of a Val158/108Met polymorphism in the COMT gene;
wherein the SLC modulator that increases proline levels is LX-6171. 102. A method for monitoring the treatment of a subject with a disorder, the method comprising:
a) determining the genotype for the allele(s) of the COMT gene at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT) in a biological sample of the subject; b) determining the proline level of the subject; c) determing the level of one or more of glycine, (D- and/or L-) serine, GABA, glutamate of the subject; and d) modifying the course of treatment of the subject, if necessary, including administering a solute carrier (SLC) modulator to the subject or stopping or omitting treatment with an SLC modulator, or administering a different SLC modulator to the subject, based upon the presence or absence of a Val158/108Met polymorphism in the COMT gene. 103. The method of claim 102, wherein the SLC to be modulated is selected from the group consisting of SLC6A7, SLC6A17, SLC6A20, SLC6A9, SLC7A11, SLC1A1, SLC1A2, SLC1A3, SLC1A4, SLC1A5, SLC1A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, SLC7A13, SLC7A10, SLC17A6, SLC17A7, SLC17A8, SLC32A1, SLC36A1, SLC36A2, SLC36A4, SLC38A2, SLC38A4, SLC38A9, SLC6A1, SLC6A13, SLC6A11, SLC6A12, SLC6A5, SLC6A14, SLC6A15, SLC6A18, SLC6A19, and combinations thereof. 104. The method of claim 103, wherein the SLC to be modulated is SLC6A7. 105. Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for monitoring the treatment of a subject with a disorder, the method comprising:
a) determining the genotype for the allele(s) of the COMT gene at codon 158 (and/or codon 108 for S-COMT) in a biological sample of the subject; b) determining the level of one or more of glycine, serine, GABA, glutamate of the subject; and c) modifying the course of treatment of the subject, if necessary, including administering a solute carrier (SLC) modulator to the subject or stopping or omitting treatment with an SLC modulator, or administering a different SLC modulator to the subject, based upon the presence or absence of a Val158/108Met polymorphism in the COMT gene. 106. The method of claim 105, wherein the SLC to be modulated is selected from the group consisting of SLC6A7, SLC6A17, SLC6A20, SLC6A9, SLC7A11, SLC1A1, SLC1A2, SLC1A3, SLC1A4, SLC1A5, SLC1A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, SLC7A13, SLC7A10, SLC17A6, SLC17A7, SLC17A8, SLC32A1, SLC36A1, SLC36A2, SLC36A4, SLC38A2, SLC38A4, SLC38A9, SLC6A1, SLC6A13, SLC6A11, SLC6A12, SLC6A5, SLC6A14, SLC6A15, SLC6A18, SLC6A19, and combinations thereof. 107. The method of claim 106, wherein the SLC to be modulated is SLC6A7. | 1,600 |
346,931 | 16,805,424 | 1,629 | A display driver comprises drive circuitry and emission control circuitry. The display driver is configured to drive a display panel. The display panel may be a self-luminous display panel. The emission control circuitry is configured to generate a control signal to control the display panel during a first frame period to successively move a plurality of non-light-emitting areas successively inserted at an end of a display area of the display panel in a predetermined direction, the plurality of non-light-emitting areas having gradually changing widths in the predetermined direction. | 1. A display driver, comprising:
drive circuitry configured to drive a display panel; and emission control circuitry configured to generate a control signal to control the display panel during a first frame period to:
successively move a plurality of non-light-emitting areas that are successively inserted at an end of a display area of the display panel in a predetermined direction,
wherein the plurality of non-light-emitting areas have gradually changing widths in the predetermined direction. 2. The display driver of claim 1, wherein the emission control circuitry is further configured to generate the control signal such that non-light-emitting areas inserted at the end of the display area during a second frame period prior to the first frame period have a first width, and non-light-emitting areas inserted at the end of the display area during a third frame period, that occurs after the first frame period, have a second width that is different than the first width. 3. The display driver of claim 2, wherein the emission control circuitry is further configured to generate the control signal such that the widths of the plurality of non-light-emitting areas inserted during the first frame period gradually approach the second width. 4. The display driver of claim 1, wherein the control signal comprises an emission pulse signal including emission pulses, the emission pulses having widths respectively corresponding to the widths of the plurality of non-light-emitting areas, and
wherein the emission control circuitry is further configured to gradually change the emission pulse widths during the first frame period. 5. The display driver of claim 4, wherein the emission control circuitry is further configured to generate the emission pulse signal such that the emission pulses have a first width during a second frame period prior to the first frame period, and the emission pulses have a second width, different from the first width, during a third frame period that occurs after the first frame period. 6. The display driver of claim 5, wherein the emission control circuitry is further configured to generate the emission pulse signal such that the emission pulse widths gradually approach the second width during the first frame period. 7. The display driver of claim 6, wherein the third frame period is a next frame period of the first frame period. 8. The display driver of claim 6, wherein the emission control circuitry is further configured to generate the emission pulse signal such that the emission pulse widths gradually approach the second width during a fourth frame period that occurs between the first frame period and the third frame period. 9. The display driver of claim 5, wherein a number of the emission pulses in the first frame period is different than a number of emission pulses in the second frame period, and
wherein the emission control circuitry is further configured to generate the emission pulse signal during the first frame period so as to gradually change the emission pulse widths with steps that are determined based on a number of emission pulses in the first frame period. 10. The display driver of claim 9, further comprising emission pulse width control circuitry configured to determine:
a width of a first emission pulse of the first frame period based on a first total emission pulse width of the pulses in the second frame period and a second total emission pulse width of the pulses in the third frame period, and the steps based on the first total emission pulse width, the second total emission pulse width, and the number of the pulses in the first frame period. 11. A display device, comprising:
a display panel; and emission control circuitry configured to generate a control signal to control the display panel during a first frame period to: successively move a plurality of non-light-emitting areas that are successively inserted at an end of a display area of the display panel in a predetermined direction, the plurality of non-light-emitting areas having gradually changing widths in the predetermined direction. 12. The display device of claim 11, wherein the emission control circuitry is configured to generate the control signal such that non-light-emitting areas inserted at the end of the display area during a second frame period prior to the first frame period have a first width, and non-light-emitting areas inserted at the end of the display area during a third frame period, that occurs after the first frame period, have a second width different than the first width. 13. The display device of claim 11, wherein the control signal comprises an emission pulse signal including emission pulses, the emission pulses having widths respectively corresponding to the widths of the plurality of non-light-emitting areas, and
wherein the emission control circuitry is further configured to gradually change the emission pulse widths in the first frame period. 14. The display device of claim 13, wherein the emission control circuitry is further configured to generate the emission pulse signal such that the emission pulses have a first width during a second frame period prior to the first frame period, and the emission pulses have a second width, different than the first width, during a third frame period that occurs after the first frame period. 15. The display device of claim 14, wherein the emission control circuitry is further configured to generate the emission pulse signal such that the emission pulse widths gradually approach the second width during the first frame period. 16. The display device of claim 15, wherein a number of the emission pulses in the first frame period is different than a number of the emission pulses in the second frame period, and
wherein the emission control circuitry is further configured to generate the emission pulse signal during the first frame period to gradually change the emission pulse widths with steps that are determined based on a number of emission pulses in the first frame period. 17. A method comprising:
inserting non-light-emitting areas at an end of a display area of a self-luminous display panel during a first frame period, the non-light-emitting areas having gradually changing widths in a predetermined direction; and successively moving the non-light-emitting areas in the predetermined direction. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising providing to the self-luminous display panel an emission pulse signal including emission pulses, the emission pulses having widths respectively corresponding to the widths of the non-light-emitting areas,
wherein supplying the emission pulse signal comprises gradually changing the emission pulse widths during the first frame period. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein supplying the emission pulse signal further comprises:
supplying the emission pulse signal such that the emission pulse widths are a first width during a second frame period that occurs prior to the first frame period; and supplying the emission pulse signal such that the emission pulse widths are a second width, different from the first width, during a third frame period that occurs after the first frame period. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein gradually changing the emission pulse widths during the first frame period comprises generating the emission pulse signal such that the emission pulse widths gradually approach the second width during the first frame period. | A display driver comprises drive circuitry and emission control circuitry. The display driver is configured to drive a display panel. The display panel may be a self-luminous display panel. The emission control circuitry is configured to generate a control signal to control the display panel during a first frame period to successively move a plurality of non-light-emitting areas successively inserted at an end of a display area of the display panel in a predetermined direction, the plurality of non-light-emitting areas having gradually changing widths in the predetermined direction.1. A display driver, comprising:
drive circuitry configured to drive a display panel; and emission control circuitry configured to generate a control signal to control the display panel during a first frame period to:
successively move a plurality of non-light-emitting areas that are successively inserted at an end of a display area of the display panel in a predetermined direction,
wherein the plurality of non-light-emitting areas have gradually changing widths in the predetermined direction. 2. The display driver of claim 1, wherein the emission control circuitry is further configured to generate the control signal such that non-light-emitting areas inserted at the end of the display area during a second frame period prior to the first frame period have a first width, and non-light-emitting areas inserted at the end of the display area during a third frame period, that occurs after the first frame period, have a second width that is different than the first width. 3. The display driver of claim 2, wherein the emission control circuitry is further configured to generate the control signal such that the widths of the plurality of non-light-emitting areas inserted during the first frame period gradually approach the second width. 4. The display driver of claim 1, wherein the control signal comprises an emission pulse signal including emission pulses, the emission pulses having widths respectively corresponding to the widths of the plurality of non-light-emitting areas, and
wherein the emission control circuitry is further configured to gradually change the emission pulse widths during the first frame period. 5. The display driver of claim 4, wherein the emission control circuitry is further configured to generate the emission pulse signal such that the emission pulses have a first width during a second frame period prior to the first frame period, and the emission pulses have a second width, different from the first width, during a third frame period that occurs after the first frame period. 6. The display driver of claim 5, wherein the emission control circuitry is further configured to generate the emission pulse signal such that the emission pulse widths gradually approach the second width during the first frame period. 7. The display driver of claim 6, wherein the third frame period is a next frame period of the first frame period. 8. The display driver of claim 6, wherein the emission control circuitry is further configured to generate the emission pulse signal such that the emission pulse widths gradually approach the second width during a fourth frame period that occurs between the first frame period and the third frame period. 9. The display driver of claim 5, wherein a number of the emission pulses in the first frame period is different than a number of emission pulses in the second frame period, and
wherein the emission control circuitry is further configured to generate the emission pulse signal during the first frame period so as to gradually change the emission pulse widths with steps that are determined based on a number of emission pulses in the first frame period. 10. The display driver of claim 9, further comprising emission pulse width control circuitry configured to determine:
a width of a first emission pulse of the first frame period based on a first total emission pulse width of the pulses in the second frame period and a second total emission pulse width of the pulses in the third frame period, and the steps based on the first total emission pulse width, the second total emission pulse width, and the number of the pulses in the first frame period. 11. A display device, comprising:
a display panel; and emission control circuitry configured to generate a control signal to control the display panel during a first frame period to: successively move a plurality of non-light-emitting areas that are successively inserted at an end of a display area of the display panel in a predetermined direction, the plurality of non-light-emitting areas having gradually changing widths in the predetermined direction. 12. The display device of claim 11, wherein the emission control circuitry is configured to generate the control signal such that non-light-emitting areas inserted at the end of the display area during a second frame period prior to the first frame period have a first width, and non-light-emitting areas inserted at the end of the display area during a third frame period, that occurs after the first frame period, have a second width different than the first width. 13. The display device of claim 11, wherein the control signal comprises an emission pulse signal including emission pulses, the emission pulses having widths respectively corresponding to the widths of the plurality of non-light-emitting areas, and
wherein the emission control circuitry is further configured to gradually change the emission pulse widths in the first frame period. 14. The display device of claim 13, wherein the emission control circuitry is further configured to generate the emission pulse signal such that the emission pulses have a first width during a second frame period prior to the first frame period, and the emission pulses have a second width, different than the first width, during a third frame period that occurs after the first frame period. 15. The display device of claim 14, wherein the emission control circuitry is further configured to generate the emission pulse signal such that the emission pulse widths gradually approach the second width during the first frame period. 16. The display device of claim 15, wherein a number of the emission pulses in the first frame period is different than a number of the emission pulses in the second frame period, and
wherein the emission control circuitry is further configured to generate the emission pulse signal during the first frame period to gradually change the emission pulse widths with steps that are determined based on a number of emission pulses in the first frame period. 17. A method comprising:
inserting non-light-emitting areas at an end of a display area of a self-luminous display panel during a first frame period, the non-light-emitting areas having gradually changing widths in a predetermined direction; and successively moving the non-light-emitting areas in the predetermined direction. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising providing to the self-luminous display panel an emission pulse signal including emission pulses, the emission pulses having widths respectively corresponding to the widths of the non-light-emitting areas,
wherein supplying the emission pulse signal comprises gradually changing the emission pulse widths during the first frame period. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein supplying the emission pulse signal further comprises:
supplying the emission pulse signal such that the emission pulse widths are a first width during a second frame period that occurs prior to the first frame period; and supplying the emission pulse signal such that the emission pulse widths are a second width, different from the first width, during a third frame period that occurs after the first frame period. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein gradually changing the emission pulse widths during the first frame period comprises generating the emission pulse signal such that the emission pulse widths gradually approach the second width during the first frame period. | 1,600 |
346,932 | 16,805,440 | 1,629 | A blood flow regulator for creating a shunt in the heart, comprising; a proximal element having a general disc-shape, defined by a braid of one or more wires extending about a central aperture of the proximal element; a distal element having a general disc-shape, defined by a braid of one or more wires extending about a central aperture of the distal element; and a third element defining a neck section intermediate the proximal and distal elements and forming a cavity having a diameter no greater than a diameter of each of the distal and proximal elements, wherein said distal element comprises at least one loop of a wire extending radially outwardly from a center of the distal element and returning towards said center of said distal element. | 1. A blood flow regulator for creating a shunt in the heart, comprising;
a proximal element having a general disc-shape, defined by a braid of more than one wire extending about a central aperture of the proximal element; a distal element having a general disc-shape, defined by a braid of more than one wire extending about a central aperture of the distal element; and a third element defining a neck section intermediate the proximal and distal elements and forming a cavity having a diameter no greater than a diameter of each of the distal and proximal elements, wherein said proximal element, said distal element, and said third element are formed of the same braiding of more than one wire, wherein said distal element comprises returning loops of said more than one wire extending radially outwardly from a center of the distal element and returning towards said center of said distal element, and wherein said proximal element comprises a connecting element for a delivery device, wherein opposite ends of each of said more than one wire forming said distal element are fixed to said connecting element. 2. Blood flow regulator according to claim 1, wherein the braiding at a perimeter of said distal element is folded radially inwards to form a double layer braid around said perimeter of the distal element. 3. Blood flow regulator according to claim 1, wherein the proximal element comprises a double layer of braiding around a peripheral portion thereof. 4. Blood flow regulator according to claim 1, wherein the proximal element comprises a double layer of braiding around a peripheral portion thereof, and the distal element comprises a double layer of braiding around a peripheral portion thereof. 5. Blood flow regulator according to any of claim 1, further comprising a membrane arranged around said cavity. 6. Blood flow regulator according to any of claim 1, wherein said distal element further comprises a membrane that promotes endothelialization, and/or wherein said proximal element further comprises a membrane that promotes endothelialization. 7. Blood flow regulator according to any of claim 1, wherein said third element is resilient such that it is deformable to a non-circular shape in a septum of the heart, such as to an at least partly oval shape, and/or wherein said third element has an at least partly oval cross-section. 8. Blood flow regulator according to claim 1, wherein said connecting element is joined to said proximal portion via a flexing element formed from said more than one wire being fixated to said connecting element. 9. Blood flow regulator according to claim 1, wherein said connecting element is formed by a weld having an at least partly spherical shape. 10. Blood flow regulator according to claim 1, wherein said distal element comprises an at least partly concave shape being concave in a direction towards said proximal element. 11. Blood flow regulator according to claim 1, wherein said central apertures are arranged concentrically in said distal and proximal elements. 12. Blood flow regulator according to claim 1, wherein said proximal element has an oval shape, and/or wherein said distal element has an oval shape. 13. Blood flow regulator according to claim 6, wherein said membrane comprises at least one of; a partially biodegradable material; a filament; an elastic polymeric material; or one or more natural fabrics. 14. Blood flow regulator according to claim 13, wherein said membrane comprises an elastic polymeric material selected from a group including nylon, polyester, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene. 15. The blood flow regulator according to claim 1, wherein said proximal and distal elements are expandable, and said proximal element has a lower expansion strength than the distal element. 16. A method of manufacturing a blood flow regulator comprising;
braiding a tubular braid of wires, where opposite ends of each wire are arranged at a proximal portion of said tubular braid, and loops of said wires are arranged at a distal end of said tubular braiding, forming a distal disc of said distal end of the tubular braiding, forming a proximal disk of said proximal end of the tubular braiding, forming a central aperture in each of said distal and proximal discs such that said apertures are joined by a central channel of the tubular braiding, extending between said discs, fixating said opposite ends of wire in a connecting element located at the proximal disk with an off-set distance from a central axis extending through said channel. 17. Method according to claim 16, comprising
folding the braiding at a perimeter of said distal element radially inwards to form a double layered braid around said perimeter of the distal element. | A blood flow regulator for creating a shunt in the heart, comprising; a proximal element having a general disc-shape, defined by a braid of one or more wires extending about a central aperture of the proximal element; a distal element having a general disc-shape, defined by a braid of one or more wires extending about a central aperture of the distal element; and a third element defining a neck section intermediate the proximal and distal elements and forming a cavity having a diameter no greater than a diameter of each of the distal and proximal elements, wherein said distal element comprises at least one loop of a wire extending radially outwardly from a center of the distal element and returning towards said center of said distal element.1. A blood flow regulator for creating a shunt in the heart, comprising;
a proximal element having a general disc-shape, defined by a braid of more than one wire extending about a central aperture of the proximal element; a distal element having a general disc-shape, defined by a braid of more than one wire extending about a central aperture of the distal element; and a third element defining a neck section intermediate the proximal and distal elements and forming a cavity having a diameter no greater than a diameter of each of the distal and proximal elements, wherein said proximal element, said distal element, and said third element are formed of the same braiding of more than one wire, wherein said distal element comprises returning loops of said more than one wire extending radially outwardly from a center of the distal element and returning towards said center of said distal element, and wherein said proximal element comprises a connecting element for a delivery device, wherein opposite ends of each of said more than one wire forming said distal element are fixed to said connecting element. 2. Blood flow regulator according to claim 1, wherein the braiding at a perimeter of said distal element is folded radially inwards to form a double layer braid around said perimeter of the distal element. 3. Blood flow regulator according to claim 1, wherein the proximal element comprises a double layer of braiding around a peripheral portion thereof. 4. Blood flow regulator according to claim 1, wherein the proximal element comprises a double layer of braiding around a peripheral portion thereof, and the distal element comprises a double layer of braiding around a peripheral portion thereof. 5. Blood flow regulator according to any of claim 1, further comprising a membrane arranged around said cavity. 6. Blood flow regulator according to any of claim 1, wherein said distal element further comprises a membrane that promotes endothelialization, and/or wherein said proximal element further comprises a membrane that promotes endothelialization. 7. Blood flow regulator according to any of claim 1, wherein said third element is resilient such that it is deformable to a non-circular shape in a septum of the heart, such as to an at least partly oval shape, and/or wherein said third element has an at least partly oval cross-section. 8. Blood flow regulator according to claim 1, wherein said connecting element is joined to said proximal portion via a flexing element formed from said more than one wire being fixated to said connecting element. 9. Blood flow regulator according to claim 1, wherein said connecting element is formed by a weld having an at least partly spherical shape. 10. Blood flow regulator according to claim 1, wherein said distal element comprises an at least partly concave shape being concave in a direction towards said proximal element. 11. Blood flow regulator according to claim 1, wherein said central apertures are arranged concentrically in said distal and proximal elements. 12. Blood flow regulator according to claim 1, wherein said proximal element has an oval shape, and/or wherein said distal element has an oval shape. 13. Blood flow regulator according to claim 6, wherein said membrane comprises at least one of; a partially biodegradable material; a filament; an elastic polymeric material; or one or more natural fabrics. 14. Blood flow regulator according to claim 13, wherein said membrane comprises an elastic polymeric material selected from a group including nylon, polyester, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene. 15. The blood flow regulator according to claim 1, wherein said proximal and distal elements are expandable, and said proximal element has a lower expansion strength than the distal element. 16. A method of manufacturing a blood flow regulator comprising;
braiding a tubular braid of wires, where opposite ends of each wire are arranged at a proximal portion of said tubular braid, and loops of said wires are arranged at a distal end of said tubular braiding, forming a distal disc of said distal end of the tubular braiding, forming a proximal disk of said proximal end of the tubular braiding, forming a central aperture in each of said distal and proximal discs such that said apertures are joined by a central channel of the tubular braiding, extending between said discs, fixating said opposite ends of wire in a connecting element located at the proximal disk with an off-set distance from a central axis extending through said channel. 17. Method according to claim 16, comprising
folding the braiding at a perimeter of said distal element radially inwards to form a double layered braid around said perimeter of the distal element. | 1,600 |
346,933 | 16,805,412 | 1,629 | A service provider may apply customer-selected or customer-defined auto-scaling policies to a cluster of resources (e.g., virtualized computing resource instances or storage resource instances in a MapReduce cluster). Different policies may be applied to different subsets of cluster resources (e.g., different instance groups containing nodes of different types or having different roles). Each policy may define an expression to be evaluated during execution of a distributed application, a scaling action to take if the expression evaluates true, and an amount by which capacity should be increased or decreased. The expression may be dependent on metrics emitted by the application, cluster, or resource instances by default, metrics defined by the client and emitted by the application, or metrics created through aggregation. Metric collection, aggregation and rules evaluation may be performed by a separate service or by cluster components. An API may support auto-scaling policy definition. | 1.-22. (canceled) 23. A method, comprising:
performing, by one or more computers:
receiving input from a client, wherein the input associates an automatic scaling policy with a cluster of computing resource instances;
detecting that a trigger condition, which is specified in the automatic scaling policy, has been met during execution of a distributed application on the cluster of computing resource instances, wherein the cluster comprises two or more non-overlapping instance groups and each instance group comprises a respective one or more computing resource instances; and
in response to said detecting, performing an automatic scaling operation specified by the automatic scaling policy, wherein the automatic scaling operation changes the number of computing resource instances on one of the two or more instance groups without changing the number of computing resource instances on at least another one of the two or more instance groups. 24. The method of claim 23,
wherein the trigger condition comprises an expression that, when evaluated true, triggers the performance of the automatic scaling operation on the one of the two or more instance groups, and wherein the expression is dependent on one or more metrics generated during execution of the distributed application on the cluster. 25. The method of claim 23,
wherein the trigger condition comprises an expression that, when evaluated true, triggers the performance of the automatic scaling operation on the one of the two or more instance groups, and wherein the expression is dependent on a day of the week, a date, a time of day, an elapsed period of time, or an estimated period of time. 26. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
receiving input associating another automatic scaling policy with another one of the two or more instance groups, wherein the other automatic scaling policy defines a second trigger condition that, when met, triggers the performance of a second automatic scaling operation on the other one of the two or more instance groups that changes the number of computing resource instances in the other one of the two or more instance groups; detecting, during execution of the distributed application on the cluster, that the second trigger condition has been met; and in response to detecting that the second trigger condition has been met, initiating performance of the second automatic scaling operation on the other one of the two or more instance groups. 27. The method of claim 23,
wherein the automatic scaling operation comprises an operation to add capacity to the one of the two or more instance groups. 28. The method of claim 23,
wherein the automatic scaling operation comprises an operation to remove capacity from the one of the two or more instance groups. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the method further comprises:
determining which of the one or more of the computing resource instances to remove from the one of the two or more instance groups; removing the determined one or more of the computing resource instances from the one of the two or more instance groups; and wherein said determining is dependent on one or more of: determining that one of the computing resource instances in the one of the two or more instance groups stores data that would be lost if the computing resource were removed, determining that removal of one of the computing resource instances in the one of the two or more instance groups would result in a replication requirement or quorum requirement not being met, determining that one of the computing resource nodes in the one of the two or more instance groups has been decommissioned, determining that one of the computing resources nodes in the one of the two or more instance groups is currently executing a task on behalf of the distributed application, or determining progress of a task that is currently executing on one of the computing resource instances in the one of the two or more instance groups. 30. A system, comprising:
one or more processors and memory configured to:
receive input from a client, wherein the input associates an automatic scaling policy with a cluster of computing resource instances;
detect that a trigger condition, which is specified in the automatic scaling policy, has been met during execution of a distributed application on the cluster of computing resource instances, wherein the cluster comprises two or more non-overlapping instance groups and each instance group comprises a respective one or more computing resource instances; and
in response to said detecting, perform an automatic scaling operation specified by the automatic scaling policy, wherein the automatic scaling operation changes the number of computing resource instances on one of the two or more instance groups without changing the number of computing resource instances on at least another one of the two or more instance groups. 31. The system of claim 30, wherein the trigger condition comprises an expression that, when evaluated true, triggers the performance of the automatic scaling operation on the one of the two or more instance groups, and wherein the expression is dependent on one or more metrics generated during execution of the distributed application on the cluster. 32. The system of claim 30, wherein the trigger condition comprises an expression that, when evaluated true, triggers the performance of the automatic scaling operation on the one of the two or more instance groups, and wherein the expression is dependent on a day of the week, a date, a time of day, an elapsed period of time, or an estimated period of time. 33. The system of claim 30, wherein the one or more processors and memory are further configured to:
receive input associating another automatic scaling policy with another one of the two or more instance groups, wherein the other automatic scaling policy defines a second trigger condition that, when met, triggers the performance of a second automatic scaling operation on the other one of the two or more instance groups that changes the number of computing resource instances in the other one of the two or more instance groups; detect, during execution of the distributed application on the cluster, that the second trigger condition has been met; and in response to detecting that the second trigger condition has been met, initiate performance of the second automatic scaling operation on the other one of the two or more instance groups. 34. The system of claim 30,
wherein the automatic scaling operation comprises an operation to add capacity to the one of the two or more instance groups. 35. The system of claim 30,
wherein the automatic scaling operation comprises an operation to remove capacity from the one of the two or more instance groups. 36. The system of claim 35, wherein the one or more processors and memory are further configured to:
determine which of the one or more of the computing resource instances to remove from the one of the two or more instance groups; remove the determined one or more of the computing resource instances from the one of the two or more instance groups; and wherein said determination is dependent on one or more of: determination that one of the computing resource instances in the one of the two or more instance groups stores data that would be lost if the computing resource were removed, determination that removal of one of the computing resource instances in the one of the two or more instance groups would result in a replication requirement or quorum requirement not being met, determination that one of the computing resource nodes in the one of the two or more instance groups has been decommissioned, determination that one of the computing resources nodes in the one of the two or more instance groups is currently executing a task on behalf of the distributed application, or determination of progress of a task that is currently executing on one of the computing resource instances in the one of the two or more instance groups. 37. One or more non-transitory computer-accessible storage media storing program instructions that when executed on or across one or more computers cause the one or more computers to implement a distributed computing service configured to:
receive input from a client, wherein the input associates an automatic scaling policy with a cluster of computing resource instances; detect that a trigger condition, which is specified in the automatic scaling policy, has been met during execution of a distributed application on the cluster of computing resource instances, wherein the cluster comprises two or more non-overlapping instance groups and each instance group comprises a respective one or more computing resource instances; and in response to said detecting, perform an automatic scaling operation specified by the automatic scaling policy, wherein the automatic scaling operation changes the number of computing resource instances on one of the two or more instance groups without changing the number of computing resource instances on at least another one of the two or more instance groups. 38. The one or more non-transitory computer-accessible storage media of claim 37, wherein the trigger condition comprises an expression that, when evaluated true, triggers the performance of the automatic scaling operation on the one of the two or more instance groups, and wherein the expression is dependent on one or more metrics generated during execution of the distributed application on the cluster. 39. The one or more non-transitory computer-accessible storage media of claim 37, wherein the trigger condition comprises an expression that, when evaluated true, triggers the performance of the automatic scaling operation on the one of the two or more instance groups, and wherein the expression is dependent on a day of the week, a date, a time of day, an elapsed period of time, or an estimated period of time. 40. The one or more non-transitory computer-accessible storage media of claim 37, wherein the distributed computing service is further configured to:
receive input associating another automatic scaling policy with another one of the two or more instance groups, wherein the other automatic scaling policy defines a second trigger condition that, when met, triggers the performance of a second automatic scaling operation on the other one of the two or more instance groups that changes the number of computing resource instances in the other one of the two or more instance groups; detect, during execution of the distributed application on the cluster, that the second trigger condition has been met; and in response to detecting that the second trigger condition has been met, initiate performance of the second automatic scaling operation on the other one of the two or more instance groups. 41. The one or more non-transitory computer-accessible storage media of claim 37, wherein the automatic scaling operation comprises an operation to add capacity to the one of the two or more instance groups. 42. The one or more non-transitory computer-accessible storage media of claim 37, wherein the automatic scaling operation comprises an operation to remove capacity from the one of the two or more instance groups. | A service provider may apply customer-selected or customer-defined auto-scaling policies to a cluster of resources (e.g., virtualized computing resource instances or storage resource instances in a MapReduce cluster). Different policies may be applied to different subsets of cluster resources (e.g., different instance groups containing nodes of different types or having different roles). Each policy may define an expression to be evaluated during execution of a distributed application, a scaling action to take if the expression evaluates true, and an amount by which capacity should be increased or decreased. The expression may be dependent on metrics emitted by the application, cluster, or resource instances by default, metrics defined by the client and emitted by the application, or metrics created through aggregation. Metric collection, aggregation and rules evaluation may be performed by a separate service or by cluster components. An API may support auto-scaling policy definition.1.-22. (canceled) 23. A method, comprising:
performing, by one or more computers:
receiving input from a client, wherein the input associates an automatic scaling policy with a cluster of computing resource instances;
detecting that a trigger condition, which is specified in the automatic scaling policy, has been met during execution of a distributed application on the cluster of computing resource instances, wherein the cluster comprises two or more non-overlapping instance groups and each instance group comprises a respective one or more computing resource instances; and
in response to said detecting, performing an automatic scaling operation specified by the automatic scaling policy, wherein the automatic scaling operation changes the number of computing resource instances on one of the two or more instance groups without changing the number of computing resource instances on at least another one of the two or more instance groups. 24. The method of claim 23,
wherein the trigger condition comprises an expression that, when evaluated true, triggers the performance of the automatic scaling operation on the one of the two or more instance groups, and wherein the expression is dependent on one or more metrics generated during execution of the distributed application on the cluster. 25. The method of claim 23,
wherein the trigger condition comprises an expression that, when evaluated true, triggers the performance of the automatic scaling operation on the one of the two or more instance groups, and wherein the expression is dependent on a day of the week, a date, a time of day, an elapsed period of time, or an estimated period of time. 26. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
receiving input associating another automatic scaling policy with another one of the two or more instance groups, wherein the other automatic scaling policy defines a second trigger condition that, when met, triggers the performance of a second automatic scaling operation on the other one of the two or more instance groups that changes the number of computing resource instances in the other one of the two or more instance groups; detecting, during execution of the distributed application on the cluster, that the second trigger condition has been met; and in response to detecting that the second trigger condition has been met, initiating performance of the second automatic scaling operation on the other one of the two or more instance groups. 27. The method of claim 23,
wherein the automatic scaling operation comprises an operation to add capacity to the one of the two or more instance groups. 28. The method of claim 23,
wherein the automatic scaling operation comprises an operation to remove capacity from the one of the two or more instance groups. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the method further comprises:
determining which of the one or more of the computing resource instances to remove from the one of the two or more instance groups; removing the determined one or more of the computing resource instances from the one of the two or more instance groups; and wherein said determining is dependent on one or more of: determining that one of the computing resource instances in the one of the two or more instance groups stores data that would be lost if the computing resource were removed, determining that removal of one of the computing resource instances in the one of the two or more instance groups would result in a replication requirement or quorum requirement not being met, determining that one of the computing resource nodes in the one of the two or more instance groups has been decommissioned, determining that one of the computing resources nodes in the one of the two or more instance groups is currently executing a task on behalf of the distributed application, or determining progress of a task that is currently executing on one of the computing resource instances in the one of the two or more instance groups. 30. A system, comprising:
one or more processors and memory configured to:
receive input from a client, wherein the input associates an automatic scaling policy with a cluster of computing resource instances;
detect that a trigger condition, which is specified in the automatic scaling policy, has been met during execution of a distributed application on the cluster of computing resource instances, wherein the cluster comprises two or more non-overlapping instance groups and each instance group comprises a respective one or more computing resource instances; and
in response to said detecting, perform an automatic scaling operation specified by the automatic scaling policy, wherein the automatic scaling operation changes the number of computing resource instances on one of the two or more instance groups without changing the number of computing resource instances on at least another one of the two or more instance groups. 31. The system of claim 30, wherein the trigger condition comprises an expression that, when evaluated true, triggers the performance of the automatic scaling operation on the one of the two or more instance groups, and wherein the expression is dependent on one or more metrics generated during execution of the distributed application on the cluster. 32. The system of claim 30, wherein the trigger condition comprises an expression that, when evaluated true, triggers the performance of the automatic scaling operation on the one of the two or more instance groups, and wherein the expression is dependent on a day of the week, a date, a time of day, an elapsed period of time, or an estimated period of time. 33. The system of claim 30, wherein the one or more processors and memory are further configured to:
receive input associating another automatic scaling policy with another one of the two or more instance groups, wherein the other automatic scaling policy defines a second trigger condition that, when met, triggers the performance of a second automatic scaling operation on the other one of the two or more instance groups that changes the number of computing resource instances in the other one of the two or more instance groups; detect, during execution of the distributed application on the cluster, that the second trigger condition has been met; and in response to detecting that the second trigger condition has been met, initiate performance of the second automatic scaling operation on the other one of the two or more instance groups. 34. The system of claim 30,
wherein the automatic scaling operation comprises an operation to add capacity to the one of the two or more instance groups. 35. The system of claim 30,
wherein the automatic scaling operation comprises an operation to remove capacity from the one of the two or more instance groups. 36. The system of claim 35, wherein the one or more processors and memory are further configured to:
determine which of the one or more of the computing resource instances to remove from the one of the two or more instance groups; remove the determined one or more of the computing resource instances from the one of the two or more instance groups; and wherein said determination is dependent on one or more of: determination that one of the computing resource instances in the one of the two or more instance groups stores data that would be lost if the computing resource were removed, determination that removal of one of the computing resource instances in the one of the two or more instance groups would result in a replication requirement or quorum requirement not being met, determination that one of the computing resource nodes in the one of the two or more instance groups has been decommissioned, determination that one of the computing resources nodes in the one of the two or more instance groups is currently executing a task on behalf of the distributed application, or determination of progress of a task that is currently executing on one of the computing resource instances in the one of the two or more instance groups. 37. One or more non-transitory computer-accessible storage media storing program instructions that when executed on or across one or more computers cause the one or more computers to implement a distributed computing service configured to:
receive input from a client, wherein the input associates an automatic scaling policy with a cluster of computing resource instances; detect that a trigger condition, which is specified in the automatic scaling policy, has been met during execution of a distributed application on the cluster of computing resource instances, wherein the cluster comprises two or more non-overlapping instance groups and each instance group comprises a respective one or more computing resource instances; and in response to said detecting, perform an automatic scaling operation specified by the automatic scaling policy, wherein the automatic scaling operation changes the number of computing resource instances on one of the two or more instance groups without changing the number of computing resource instances on at least another one of the two or more instance groups. 38. The one or more non-transitory computer-accessible storage media of claim 37, wherein the trigger condition comprises an expression that, when evaluated true, triggers the performance of the automatic scaling operation on the one of the two or more instance groups, and wherein the expression is dependent on one or more metrics generated during execution of the distributed application on the cluster. 39. The one or more non-transitory computer-accessible storage media of claim 37, wherein the trigger condition comprises an expression that, when evaluated true, triggers the performance of the automatic scaling operation on the one of the two or more instance groups, and wherein the expression is dependent on a day of the week, a date, a time of day, an elapsed period of time, or an estimated period of time. 40. The one or more non-transitory computer-accessible storage media of claim 37, wherein the distributed computing service is further configured to:
receive input associating another automatic scaling policy with another one of the two or more instance groups, wherein the other automatic scaling policy defines a second trigger condition that, when met, triggers the performance of a second automatic scaling operation on the other one of the two or more instance groups that changes the number of computing resource instances in the other one of the two or more instance groups; detect, during execution of the distributed application on the cluster, that the second trigger condition has been met; and in response to detecting that the second trigger condition has been met, initiate performance of the second automatic scaling operation on the other one of the two or more instance groups. 41. The one or more non-transitory computer-accessible storage media of claim 37, wherein the automatic scaling operation comprises an operation to add capacity to the one of the two or more instance groups. 42. The one or more non-transitory computer-accessible storage media of claim 37, wherein the automatic scaling operation comprises an operation to remove capacity from the one of the two or more instance groups. | 1,600 |
346,934 | 16,805,383 | 1,629 | Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may combine an indication of a beam failure recovery request or one or more scheduling requests with uplink control information that is to be transmitted in a resource. The UE may transmit the uplink control information combined with the indication in the resource. Numerous other aspects are provided. | 1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
combining an indication of a beam failure recovery (BFR) request or one or more scheduling requests with at least one of channel state information or acknowledgment or negative acknowledgment (ACK/NACK) feedback that is to be transmitted in a resource, such that the BFR request is combined with the at least one of channel state information or ACK/NACK feedback when the BFR request is triggered regardless of whether the one or more scheduling requests are triggered,
wherein combining the indication with the at least one of channel state information or ACK/NACK feedback includes at least one of:
appending the indication to the ACK/NACK feedback; or
prepending the indication to the channel state information; and
transmitting the at least one of channel state information or ACK/NACK feedback combined with the indication in the resource. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a collision of resources for uplink control information and at least one of the BFR request or the one or more scheduling requests. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the BFR request is to be transmitted in a physical uplink control channel. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one of channel state information or ACK/NACK feedback is allocated greater than two bits. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the indication indicates the BFR request based at least in part on a determination that the BFR request is triggered. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the indication indicates the one or more scheduling requests based at least in part on a determination that the BFR request is not triggered and the one or more scheduling requests are triggered. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the indication includes a quantity of bits, and
wherein a first value of the quantity of bits indicates that the BFR request and the one or more scheduling requests are not triggered, a second value of the quantity of bits indicates that the BFR request is triggered, and a third value of the quantity of bits indicates that the BFR request is not triggered and a particular scheduling request of the one or more scheduling requests is triggered. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the indication includes a quantity of bits that is determined based at least in part on the BFR request and a quantity of the one or more scheduling requests, and
wherein the quantity of bits is combined with the at least one of channel state information or ACK/NACK feedback by concatenation. 9. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
identifying a collision of resources for a beam failure recovery (BFR) request and one or more uplink communications; and transmitting, based at least in part on identifying the collision, at least one of the BFR request or the one or more uplink communications based at least in part on a type or a content of the one or more uplink communications,
wherein the one or more uplink communications include one or more scheduling requests and uplink control information, and
wherein an indication of the BFR request is selectively combined with the uplink control information, and an indication of the one or more scheduling requests is not combined with the uplink control information, before the uplink control information is transmitted. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the BFR request is to be transmitted in a physical uplink control channel. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the one or more uplink communications are one or more scheduling requests, and
wherein the BFR request is transmitted, and the one or more scheduling requests are not transmitted, based at least in part on a determination that the BFR request is triggered. 12. (canceled) 13. (canceled) 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the uplink control information is acknowledgment or negative acknowledgment feedback that is allocated one or two bits. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein the indication of the BFR request is selectively combined with the uplink control information based at least in part on a format of the uplink control information and a format of the BFR request. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the one or more uplink communications include a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication, and
wherein the PUSCH communication is transmitted and the BFR request is not transmitted. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the BFR request is not transmitted based at least in part on a determination that a BFR communication associated with the BFR request is to be combined with the PUSCH communication. 18. The method of claim 9, wherein the one or more uplink communications include a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication, and
wherein the BFR request is transmitted over the PUSCH communication based at least in part on a determination that a BFR communication associated with the BFR request is not to be combined with the PUSCH communication. 19. The method of claim 9, wherein the one or more uplink communications include a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication, and
wherein the BFR request is transmitted, and the PUSCH communication is not transmitted, based at least in part on a determination that the PUSCH communication does not include user data. 20. The method of claim 9, wherein the one or more uplink communications include a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication, and
wherein the BFR request is transmitted, and the PUSCH communication is not transmitted, based at least in part on a determination that the PUSCH communication is to be transmitted to a cell associated with a beam failure indicated by the BFR request. 21. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
combine an indication of a beam failure recovery (BFR) request or one or more scheduling requests with at least one of channel state information or acknowledgment or negative acknowledgment (ACK/NACK) feedback that is to be transmitted in a resource, such that the BFR request is combined with the at least one of channel state information or ACK/NACK feedback when the BFR request is triggered regardless of whether the one or more scheduling requests are triggered,
wherein combining the indication with the at least one of channel state information or ACK/NACK feedback includes at least one of:
appending the indication to the ACK/NACK feedback; or
prepending the indication to the channel state information; and
transmit the at least one of channel state information or ACK/NACK feedback combined with the indication in the resource. 22. The UE of claim 21, wherein the at least one of channel state information or ACK/NACK feedback is allocated greater than two bits. 23. The UE of claim 21, wherein the indication indicates the BFR request based at least in part on a determination that the BFR request is triggered. 24. The UE of claim 21, wherein the indication indicates the one or more scheduling requests based at least in part on a determination that the BFR request is not triggered and the one or more scheduling requests are triggered. 25. The UE of claim 21, wherein the indication includes a quantity of bits, and
wherein a first value of the quantity of bits indicates that the BFR request and the one or more scheduling requests are not triggered, a second value of the quantity of bits indicates that the BFR request is triggered, and a third value of the quantity of bits indicates that the BFR request is not triggered and a particular scheduling request of the one or more scheduling requests is triggered. 26. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
identify a collision of resources for a beam failure recovery (BFR) request and one or more uplink communications; and
transmit, based at least in part on identifying the collision, at least one of the BFR request or the one or more uplink communications based at least in part on a type or a content of the one or more uplink communications,
wherein the one or more uplink communications include one or more scheduling requests and uplink control information, and
wherein an indication of the BFR request is selectively combined with the uplink control information, and an indication of the one or more scheduling requests is not combined with the uplink control information, before the uplink control information is transmitted. 27. The UE of claim 26, wherein the one or more uplink communications are one or more scheduling requests, and
wherein the BFR request is to be transmitted, and the one or more scheduling requests are not to be transmitted, based at least in part on a determination that the BFR request is triggered. 28. (canceled) 29. The UE of claim 26, wherein the one or more uplink communications include a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication, and
wherein the PUSCH communication is to be transmitted and the BFR request is not to be transmitted. 30. The UE of claim 26, wherein the one or more uplink communications include a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication, and
wherein the BFR request is to be transmitted over the PUSCH communication based at least in part on a determination that a BFR communication associated with the BFR request is not to be combined with the PUSCH communication. 31. The method of claim 1, wherein combining the indication with the at least one of channel state information or ACK/NACK feedback includes:
appending the indication to the ACK/NACK feedback. 32. The method of claim 1, wherein combining the indication with the at least one of channel state information or ACK/NACK feedback includes:
prepending the indication to the channel state information. 33. (canceled) 34. The UE of claim 21, wherein combining the indication with the at least one of channel state information or ACK/NACK feedback includes:
appending the indication to the ACK/NACK feedback. | Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may combine an indication of a beam failure recovery request or one or more scheduling requests with uplink control information that is to be transmitted in a resource. The UE may transmit the uplink control information combined with the indication in the resource. Numerous other aspects are provided.1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
combining an indication of a beam failure recovery (BFR) request or one or more scheduling requests with at least one of channel state information or acknowledgment or negative acknowledgment (ACK/NACK) feedback that is to be transmitted in a resource, such that the BFR request is combined with the at least one of channel state information or ACK/NACK feedback when the BFR request is triggered regardless of whether the one or more scheduling requests are triggered,
wherein combining the indication with the at least one of channel state information or ACK/NACK feedback includes at least one of:
appending the indication to the ACK/NACK feedback; or
prepending the indication to the channel state information; and
transmitting the at least one of channel state information or ACK/NACK feedback combined with the indication in the resource. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a collision of resources for uplink control information and at least one of the BFR request or the one or more scheduling requests. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the BFR request is to be transmitted in a physical uplink control channel. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one of channel state information or ACK/NACK feedback is allocated greater than two bits. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the indication indicates the BFR request based at least in part on a determination that the BFR request is triggered. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the indication indicates the one or more scheduling requests based at least in part on a determination that the BFR request is not triggered and the one or more scheduling requests are triggered. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the indication includes a quantity of bits, and
wherein a first value of the quantity of bits indicates that the BFR request and the one or more scheduling requests are not triggered, a second value of the quantity of bits indicates that the BFR request is triggered, and a third value of the quantity of bits indicates that the BFR request is not triggered and a particular scheduling request of the one or more scheduling requests is triggered. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the indication includes a quantity of bits that is determined based at least in part on the BFR request and a quantity of the one or more scheduling requests, and
wherein the quantity of bits is combined with the at least one of channel state information or ACK/NACK feedback by concatenation. 9. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
identifying a collision of resources for a beam failure recovery (BFR) request and one or more uplink communications; and transmitting, based at least in part on identifying the collision, at least one of the BFR request or the one or more uplink communications based at least in part on a type or a content of the one or more uplink communications,
wherein the one or more uplink communications include one or more scheduling requests and uplink control information, and
wherein an indication of the BFR request is selectively combined with the uplink control information, and an indication of the one or more scheduling requests is not combined with the uplink control information, before the uplink control information is transmitted. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the BFR request is to be transmitted in a physical uplink control channel. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the one or more uplink communications are one or more scheduling requests, and
wherein the BFR request is transmitted, and the one or more scheduling requests are not transmitted, based at least in part on a determination that the BFR request is triggered. 12. (canceled) 13. (canceled) 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the uplink control information is acknowledgment or negative acknowledgment feedback that is allocated one or two bits. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein the indication of the BFR request is selectively combined with the uplink control information based at least in part on a format of the uplink control information and a format of the BFR request. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the one or more uplink communications include a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication, and
wherein the PUSCH communication is transmitted and the BFR request is not transmitted. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the BFR request is not transmitted based at least in part on a determination that a BFR communication associated with the BFR request is to be combined with the PUSCH communication. 18. The method of claim 9, wherein the one or more uplink communications include a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication, and
wherein the BFR request is transmitted over the PUSCH communication based at least in part on a determination that a BFR communication associated with the BFR request is not to be combined with the PUSCH communication. 19. The method of claim 9, wherein the one or more uplink communications include a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication, and
wherein the BFR request is transmitted, and the PUSCH communication is not transmitted, based at least in part on a determination that the PUSCH communication does not include user data. 20. The method of claim 9, wherein the one or more uplink communications include a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication, and
wherein the BFR request is transmitted, and the PUSCH communication is not transmitted, based at least in part on a determination that the PUSCH communication is to be transmitted to a cell associated with a beam failure indicated by the BFR request. 21. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
combine an indication of a beam failure recovery (BFR) request or one or more scheduling requests with at least one of channel state information or acknowledgment or negative acknowledgment (ACK/NACK) feedback that is to be transmitted in a resource, such that the BFR request is combined with the at least one of channel state information or ACK/NACK feedback when the BFR request is triggered regardless of whether the one or more scheduling requests are triggered,
wherein combining the indication with the at least one of channel state information or ACK/NACK feedback includes at least one of:
appending the indication to the ACK/NACK feedback; or
prepending the indication to the channel state information; and
transmit the at least one of channel state information or ACK/NACK feedback combined with the indication in the resource. 22. The UE of claim 21, wherein the at least one of channel state information or ACK/NACK feedback is allocated greater than two bits. 23. The UE of claim 21, wherein the indication indicates the BFR request based at least in part on a determination that the BFR request is triggered. 24. The UE of claim 21, wherein the indication indicates the one or more scheduling requests based at least in part on a determination that the BFR request is not triggered and the one or more scheduling requests are triggered. 25. The UE of claim 21, wherein the indication includes a quantity of bits, and
wherein a first value of the quantity of bits indicates that the BFR request and the one or more scheduling requests are not triggered, a second value of the quantity of bits indicates that the BFR request is triggered, and a third value of the quantity of bits indicates that the BFR request is not triggered and a particular scheduling request of the one or more scheduling requests is triggered. 26. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
identify a collision of resources for a beam failure recovery (BFR) request and one or more uplink communications; and
transmit, based at least in part on identifying the collision, at least one of the BFR request or the one or more uplink communications based at least in part on a type or a content of the one or more uplink communications,
wherein the one or more uplink communications include one or more scheduling requests and uplink control information, and
wherein an indication of the BFR request is selectively combined with the uplink control information, and an indication of the one or more scheduling requests is not combined with the uplink control information, before the uplink control information is transmitted. 27. The UE of claim 26, wherein the one or more uplink communications are one or more scheduling requests, and
wherein the BFR request is to be transmitted, and the one or more scheduling requests are not to be transmitted, based at least in part on a determination that the BFR request is triggered. 28. (canceled) 29. The UE of claim 26, wherein the one or more uplink communications include a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication, and
wherein the PUSCH communication is to be transmitted and the BFR request is not to be transmitted. 30. The UE of claim 26, wherein the one or more uplink communications include a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication, and
wherein the BFR request is to be transmitted over the PUSCH communication based at least in part on a determination that a BFR communication associated with the BFR request is not to be combined with the PUSCH communication. 31. The method of claim 1, wherein combining the indication with the at least one of channel state information or ACK/NACK feedback includes:
appending the indication to the ACK/NACK feedback. 32. The method of claim 1, wherein combining the indication with the at least one of channel state information or ACK/NACK feedback includes:
prepending the indication to the channel state information. 33. (canceled) 34. The UE of claim 21, wherein combining the indication with the at least one of channel state information or ACK/NACK feedback includes:
appending the indication to the ACK/NACK feedback. | 1,600 |
346,935 | 16,805,320 | 1,629 | Implementations of the present specification disclose management clients, device monitoring systems, and methods. The device monitoring system includes the following: an intermediary, configured to send subscription information and receive publishing information; and a plurality of clients, communicatively connected to the intermediary and configured to send the corresponding publishing information based on the received subscription information, where the client includes at least one first client and at least one second client; the first client and the second client exchange information by using the intermediary; and the first client monitors the second client based on a device management protocol. | 1. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
an intermediary, configured to send subscription information and receive publishing information; and a plurality of clients, communicatively connected to the intermediary and configured to send the publishing information based on the subscription information, wherein the plurality of clients comprises at least one first client and at least one second client, and wherein the first client and the second client exchange information by using the intermediary; and the first client monitors the second client based on a device management protocol. 2. The computer-implemented system of claim 1, wherein the subscription information comprises an operation instruction for the plurality of clients or data information associated with the plurality of clients; and the publishing information comprises data information that is obtained based on the operation instruction and associated with the plurality of clients. 3. The computer-implemented system of claim 2, wherein the operation instruction comprises a data acquisition instruction; the intermediary sends the data acquisition instruction to the plurality of clients; and the plurality of clients send the data information associated with the plurality of clients to the intermediary based on the data acquisition instruction, wherein the data information comprises status information of the plurality of clients. 4. The computer-implemented system of claim 3, wherein the intermediary sends an operation instruction to the first client, wherein the operation instruction comprises data information associated with status information of the second client; and the first client performs an operation on the first client based on the operation instruction, and sends data information associated with the operation to the intermediary. 5. The computer-implemented system of claim 4, wherein the operation comprises performing at least one of upgrade management, update management, log management, and screenshot management on the first client. 6. The computer-implemented system of claim 1, wherein the subscription information comprises a key. 7. The computer-implemented system of claim 6, wherein the intermediary digitally signs the subscription information by using a private key corresponding to a client of the plurality of clients; and the client performs signature verification on the subscription information by using a public key. 8. The computer-implemented system of claim 1, wherein the intermediary is an agent based on Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol or Web Application Messaging Protocol (WAMP) protocol; and the second client is a large-screen device. 9. A computer-implemented method comprising:
sending, by an intermediary communicatively connected to a plurality of clients, subscription information to the plurality of clients, wherein the plurality of clients comprises at least one first client and at least one second client; receiving, by the intermediary, publishing information, wherein the publishing information is based on the subscription information; and providing data to the first client wherein the first client monitors the second client based on the data and a device management protocol. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the data comprises at least one of system upgrade information, page refresh information, log information, and screenshot information. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the subscription information, the publishing information, or the data comprise a security key. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the intermediary performs data transfer of the subscription information, the publishing information, or the data based on MQTT protocol or WAMP protocol; and the second client is a large-screen device. 13. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
sending, by an intermediary communicatively connected to a plurality of clients, subscription information to the plurality of clients, wherein the plurality of clients comprise at least one first client and at least one second client; receiving, by the intermediary, publishing information, wherein the publishing information is based on the subscription information; and providing data to the first client wherein the first client manages information published by the second client based on the data. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the data comprises at least one of system upgrade information, page refresh information, log information, and screenshot information. 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the subscription information, the publishing information, or the data comprise a security key. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the intermediary performs data transfer of the subscription information, the publishing information, or the data based on MQTT protocol or WAMP protocol; and the second client is a large-screen device. | Implementations of the present specification disclose management clients, device monitoring systems, and methods. The device monitoring system includes the following: an intermediary, configured to send subscription information and receive publishing information; and a plurality of clients, communicatively connected to the intermediary and configured to send the corresponding publishing information based on the received subscription information, where the client includes at least one first client and at least one second client; the first client and the second client exchange information by using the intermediary; and the first client monitors the second client based on a device management protocol.1. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
an intermediary, configured to send subscription information and receive publishing information; and a plurality of clients, communicatively connected to the intermediary and configured to send the publishing information based on the subscription information, wherein the plurality of clients comprises at least one first client and at least one second client, and wherein the first client and the second client exchange information by using the intermediary; and the first client monitors the second client based on a device management protocol. 2. The computer-implemented system of claim 1, wherein the subscription information comprises an operation instruction for the plurality of clients or data information associated with the plurality of clients; and the publishing information comprises data information that is obtained based on the operation instruction and associated with the plurality of clients. 3. The computer-implemented system of claim 2, wherein the operation instruction comprises a data acquisition instruction; the intermediary sends the data acquisition instruction to the plurality of clients; and the plurality of clients send the data information associated with the plurality of clients to the intermediary based on the data acquisition instruction, wherein the data information comprises status information of the plurality of clients. 4. The computer-implemented system of claim 3, wherein the intermediary sends an operation instruction to the first client, wherein the operation instruction comprises data information associated with status information of the second client; and the first client performs an operation on the first client based on the operation instruction, and sends data information associated with the operation to the intermediary. 5. The computer-implemented system of claim 4, wherein the operation comprises performing at least one of upgrade management, update management, log management, and screenshot management on the first client. 6. The computer-implemented system of claim 1, wherein the subscription information comprises a key. 7. The computer-implemented system of claim 6, wherein the intermediary digitally signs the subscription information by using a private key corresponding to a client of the plurality of clients; and the client performs signature verification on the subscription information by using a public key. 8. The computer-implemented system of claim 1, wherein the intermediary is an agent based on Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol or Web Application Messaging Protocol (WAMP) protocol; and the second client is a large-screen device. 9. A computer-implemented method comprising:
sending, by an intermediary communicatively connected to a plurality of clients, subscription information to the plurality of clients, wherein the plurality of clients comprises at least one first client and at least one second client; receiving, by the intermediary, publishing information, wherein the publishing information is based on the subscription information; and providing data to the first client wherein the first client monitors the second client based on the data and a device management protocol. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the data comprises at least one of system upgrade information, page refresh information, log information, and screenshot information. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the subscription information, the publishing information, or the data comprise a security key. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the intermediary performs data transfer of the subscription information, the publishing information, or the data based on MQTT protocol or WAMP protocol; and the second client is a large-screen device. 13. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
sending, by an intermediary communicatively connected to a plurality of clients, subscription information to the plurality of clients, wherein the plurality of clients comprise at least one first client and at least one second client; receiving, by the intermediary, publishing information, wherein the publishing information is based on the subscription information; and providing data to the first client wherein the first client manages information published by the second client based on the data. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the data comprises at least one of system upgrade information, page refresh information, log information, and screenshot information. 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the subscription information, the publishing information, or the data comprise a security key. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the intermediary performs data transfer of the subscription information, the publishing information, or the data based on MQTT protocol or WAMP protocol; and the second client is a large-screen device. | 1,600 |
346,936 | 16,805,407 | 1,629 | A user-mountable extended reality (XR) device capable of receiving and storing at least one of a plurality of user vision capability profiles. The user-mountable XR device comprises a data processing system configured to process input data representative of an input image to perform a modification of the input image based on performing a selection of a given profile of the at least one of the plurality of user vision capability profiles, thereby generating output data representative of an output image for display by the user-mountable XR device. Also described is a method of controlling such a device. | 1. A user-mountable extended reality (XR) device capable of receiving and storing at least one of a plurality of user vision capability profiles, wherein the user-mountable XR device comprises a data processing system configured to process input data representative of an input image to perform a modification of the input image based on performing a selection of a given profile of the at least one of the plurality of user vision capability profiles, thereby generating output data representative of an output image for display by the user-mountable XR device. 2. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 1, wherein the user-mountable XR device is configured to:
receive an input associated with a user; and perform the selection of the given profile based on the input, wherein the given profile is a user vision capability profile associated with the user. 3. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 1, wherein the user-mountable XR device is configured to receive the at least one of the plurality of user vision capability profiles from storage external to the user-mountable XR device. 4. The user-mountable XR device of claim 3, wherein the storage external to the user-mountable XR device comprises storage of a further user-mountable XR device, and the user-mountable XR device is configured to synchronize user vision capability profiles between devices. 5. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 1, wherein the user-mountable XR device is configured to receive the at least one of the plurality of user vision capability profiles from non-volatile storage comprised in the user-mountable XR device. 6. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 1, wherein the user-mountable XR device is configured to receive at least one further user vision capability profile for storage as a further one of the plurality of user vision capability profiles. 7. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 1, wherein the modification of the input image is further based on gaze data representative of a gaze direction of a user of the user-mountable XR device. 8. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 7, wherein the modification of the input image is performed in a first region of the input image associated with the gaze direction of the user without performing the modification of the input image in a second, different region of the input image. 9. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 1, wherein the modification of the input image is further based on head movement of a user of the user-mountable XR device relative to an object in a field of view of the user. 10. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 1, wherein the given profile comprises at least one user vision correction parameter, the at least one user vision capability parameter being based on at least one of: a refractive error of a user or a color vision deficiency of the user. 11. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 1, wherein the data processing system is configured to trigger a corrective action, based on analysis of a user's response to the output image, in response to determining that the given profile is unsuitable for the user. 12. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 1, wherein the given profile comprises at least one user vision enhancement parameter, the at least one user vision enhancement parameter comprising at least one of: a magnification parameter associated with a user, a contrast parameter associated with the user or a brightness parameter associated with the user. 13. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 1, wherein the modification of the input image is further based on a characteristic of an object in the input image. 14. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 1, wherein the modification of the input image comprises a deconvolution of the input image with a point spread function derived using the given profile. 15. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 1, wherein the modification of the input image comprises a modification of one or more color characteristics of the input image. 16. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 15, wherein the modification of the one or more color characteristics of the input image comprises at least one of: a modification of at least one color pixel value of the input image, a removal of a range of color pixel values of the input image or a graduation of one or more colors of the input image. 17. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 1, the user-mountable XR device comprising at least one of:
a camera configured to capture at least one of infra-red or ultra-violet light, wherein the modification of the input image is based on the at least one of the infra-red or ultra-violet light; or a depth detector configured to output depth data representative of a distance between an object and the user-mountable XR device, wherein the modification of the input image is based on the depth data. 18. A method of controlling a user-mountable extended reality (XR) device, the method comprising:
receiving and storing at least one of a plurality of user vision capability profiles; and processing input data representative of an input image to perform a modification of the input image based on performing a selection of a given profile of the at least one of the plurality of user vision capability profiles, thereby generating output data representative of an output image for display by the user-mountable XR device. 19. The method according to claim 18, comprising updating the given profile based on gaze data representative of a gaze direction of a user. 20. The method according to claim 18, comprising updating the given profile based on user input. | A user-mountable extended reality (XR) device capable of receiving and storing at least one of a plurality of user vision capability profiles. The user-mountable XR device comprises a data processing system configured to process input data representative of an input image to perform a modification of the input image based on performing a selection of a given profile of the at least one of the plurality of user vision capability profiles, thereby generating output data representative of an output image for display by the user-mountable XR device. Also described is a method of controlling such a device.1. A user-mountable extended reality (XR) device capable of receiving and storing at least one of a plurality of user vision capability profiles, wherein the user-mountable XR device comprises a data processing system configured to process input data representative of an input image to perform a modification of the input image based on performing a selection of a given profile of the at least one of the plurality of user vision capability profiles, thereby generating output data representative of an output image for display by the user-mountable XR device. 2. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 1, wherein the user-mountable XR device is configured to:
receive an input associated with a user; and perform the selection of the given profile based on the input, wherein the given profile is a user vision capability profile associated with the user. 3. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 1, wherein the user-mountable XR device is configured to receive the at least one of the plurality of user vision capability profiles from storage external to the user-mountable XR device. 4. The user-mountable XR device of claim 3, wherein the storage external to the user-mountable XR device comprises storage of a further user-mountable XR device, and the user-mountable XR device is configured to synchronize user vision capability profiles between devices. 5. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 1, wherein the user-mountable XR device is configured to receive the at least one of the plurality of user vision capability profiles from non-volatile storage comprised in the user-mountable XR device. 6. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 1, wherein the user-mountable XR device is configured to receive at least one further user vision capability profile for storage as a further one of the plurality of user vision capability profiles. 7. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 1, wherein the modification of the input image is further based on gaze data representative of a gaze direction of a user of the user-mountable XR device. 8. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 7, wherein the modification of the input image is performed in a first region of the input image associated with the gaze direction of the user without performing the modification of the input image in a second, different region of the input image. 9. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 1, wherein the modification of the input image is further based on head movement of a user of the user-mountable XR device relative to an object in a field of view of the user. 10. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 1, wherein the given profile comprises at least one user vision correction parameter, the at least one user vision capability parameter being based on at least one of: a refractive error of a user or a color vision deficiency of the user. 11. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 1, wherein the data processing system is configured to trigger a corrective action, based on analysis of a user's response to the output image, in response to determining that the given profile is unsuitable for the user. 12. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 1, wherein the given profile comprises at least one user vision enhancement parameter, the at least one user vision enhancement parameter comprising at least one of: a magnification parameter associated with a user, a contrast parameter associated with the user or a brightness parameter associated with the user. 13. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 1, wherein the modification of the input image is further based on a characteristic of an object in the input image. 14. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 1, wherein the modification of the input image comprises a deconvolution of the input image with a point spread function derived using the given profile. 15. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 1, wherein the modification of the input image comprises a modification of one or more color characteristics of the input image. 16. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 15, wherein the modification of the one or more color characteristics of the input image comprises at least one of: a modification of at least one color pixel value of the input image, a removal of a range of color pixel values of the input image or a graduation of one or more colors of the input image. 17. The user-mountable XR device according to claim 1, the user-mountable XR device comprising at least one of:
a camera configured to capture at least one of infra-red or ultra-violet light, wherein the modification of the input image is based on the at least one of the infra-red or ultra-violet light; or a depth detector configured to output depth data representative of a distance between an object and the user-mountable XR device, wherein the modification of the input image is based on the depth data. 18. A method of controlling a user-mountable extended reality (XR) device, the method comprising:
receiving and storing at least one of a plurality of user vision capability profiles; and processing input data representative of an input image to perform a modification of the input image based on performing a selection of a given profile of the at least one of the plurality of user vision capability profiles, thereby generating output data representative of an output image for display by the user-mountable XR device. 19. The method according to claim 18, comprising updating the given profile based on gaze data representative of a gaze direction of a user. 20. The method according to claim 18, comprising updating the given profile based on user input. | 1,600 |
346,937 | 16,805,301 | 1,629 | A film comprising a piezoelectric polymer has an upper surface and a lower surface. The film has an active region comprising the piezoelectric polymer, which extends from the upper surface of the film to the lower surface of the film. The film also comprises an adhesive sheet, which defines part of the upper or lower surface of the film. Circuit sheets may be bonded to the upper and lower surfaces in a lamination process to produce a laminated piezoelectric device. | 1. A film having an upper surface and a lower surface, the film comprising (i) an active region comprising a piezoelectric polymer, the active region having a thickness that extends from the upper surface of the film to the lower surface of the film, and (ii) an adhesive sheet, wherein the adhesive sheet defines part of the upper or lower surface of the film. 2. A film as claimed in claim 1, wherein the film has a thickness of between 5 micrometres and 500 micrometres. 3. A film as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adhesive sheet and the piezoelectric polymer together make up at least 90% of the film by mass. 4. A film as claimed in claim 1, wherein the active region at least one of:
extends from the upper surface to the lower surface of the film over the whole active region; and is surrounded by the adhesive sheet. 5. (canceled) 6. A film as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adhesive sheet meets the active region at an edge face of the active region within the film. 7. A film as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adhesive sheet has a thickness that extends from the upper surface of the film to the lower surface of the film. 8. A film as claimed in claim 1, wherein, over some or all of the area of the adhesive sheet, the adhesive sheet does not extend from the upper surface of the film to the lower surface of the film. 9. A film as claimed in claim 8, comprising a second adhesive sheet that defines part of the lower or upper surface of the film, and further comprising a non-adhesive sheet that lies between the second adhesive sheet and the first adhesive sheet. 10. A film as claimed in claim 9, wherein the second adhesive sheet at least one of:
meets the active region at an edge face of the active region within the film; and surrounds the active region. 11. (canceled) 12. A film as claimed in claim 9, wherein the first and second adhesive sheets define parts of the upper and lower surfaces of the film, respectively. 13. A film as claimed in claim 1, wherein the active region comprises at least one of:
PVDF or a copolymer of PVDF; and a piezoelectric ceramic-polymer composite. 14. (canceled) 15. A film as claimed in claim 1 wherein the adhesive sheet or sheets comprise an epoxy, acrylic or polyimide adhesive. 16. A film as claimed in claim 1, comprising a plurality of spaced-apart active regions, each comprising a piezoelectric polymer. 17. A laminated device comprising a film as claimed in claim 1 laminated to a circuit sheet, wherein:
the circuit sheet comprises an electrode region adjacent the active region of the film; and
the circuit sheet is bonded to the adhesive sheet of the film outside the active region. 18. A laminated device as claimed in claim 17, wherein the circuit sheet comprises a polymer layer and a metal layer, with the electrode region formed in the metal layer. 19. A laminated device as claimed in claim 18, comprising a polymer in-fill adjacent the electrode region in the metal layer. 20. A laminated device as claimed in claim 17, comprising a second circuit sheet laminated to the film, with the film located between the first circuit sheet and the second circuit sheet. 21. A method of manufacturing a laminated device comprising a film as claimed in claim 1 and a circuit sheet comprising an electrode region, the method comprising laminating the circuit sheet to the film by:
locating the electrode region of the circuit sheet adjacent the active region of the film; and
bonding the circuit sheet to the adhesive sheet of the film outside the active region. 22. A method of manufacturing a laminated device as claimed in claim 21, further comprising at least one of:
heating the active region so as to cause the active region to melt, at least partially, and so increase bonding between the electrode region with the active region; poling and/or annealing at least part of the active region; applying a plasma to the active region and/or to the electrode region; priming the active region and/or the electrode region with a coupling agent; and laminating a second circuit sheet to the film, such that the film is located between the first circuit sheet and the second circuit sheet. 23-25. (canceled) 26. A method of manufacturing a laminated device as claimed in claim 22, wherein the coupling agent is a silane. 27. (canceled) | A film comprising a piezoelectric polymer has an upper surface and a lower surface. The film has an active region comprising the piezoelectric polymer, which extends from the upper surface of the film to the lower surface of the film. The film also comprises an adhesive sheet, which defines part of the upper or lower surface of the film. Circuit sheets may be bonded to the upper and lower surfaces in a lamination process to produce a laminated piezoelectric device.1. A film having an upper surface and a lower surface, the film comprising (i) an active region comprising a piezoelectric polymer, the active region having a thickness that extends from the upper surface of the film to the lower surface of the film, and (ii) an adhesive sheet, wherein the adhesive sheet defines part of the upper or lower surface of the film. 2. A film as claimed in claim 1, wherein the film has a thickness of between 5 micrometres and 500 micrometres. 3. A film as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adhesive sheet and the piezoelectric polymer together make up at least 90% of the film by mass. 4. A film as claimed in claim 1, wherein the active region at least one of:
extends from the upper surface to the lower surface of the film over the whole active region; and is surrounded by the adhesive sheet. 5. (canceled) 6. A film as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adhesive sheet meets the active region at an edge face of the active region within the film. 7. A film as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adhesive sheet has a thickness that extends from the upper surface of the film to the lower surface of the film. 8. A film as claimed in claim 1, wherein, over some or all of the area of the adhesive sheet, the adhesive sheet does not extend from the upper surface of the film to the lower surface of the film. 9. A film as claimed in claim 8, comprising a second adhesive sheet that defines part of the lower or upper surface of the film, and further comprising a non-adhesive sheet that lies between the second adhesive sheet and the first adhesive sheet. 10. A film as claimed in claim 9, wherein the second adhesive sheet at least one of:
meets the active region at an edge face of the active region within the film; and surrounds the active region. 11. (canceled) 12. A film as claimed in claim 9, wherein the first and second adhesive sheets define parts of the upper and lower surfaces of the film, respectively. 13. A film as claimed in claim 1, wherein the active region comprises at least one of:
PVDF or a copolymer of PVDF; and a piezoelectric ceramic-polymer composite. 14. (canceled) 15. A film as claimed in claim 1 wherein the adhesive sheet or sheets comprise an epoxy, acrylic or polyimide adhesive. 16. A film as claimed in claim 1, comprising a plurality of spaced-apart active regions, each comprising a piezoelectric polymer. 17. A laminated device comprising a film as claimed in claim 1 laminated to a circuit sheet, wherein:
the circuit sheet comprises an electrode region adjacent the active region of the film; and
the circuit sheet is bonded to the adhesive sheet of the film outside the active region. 18. A laminated device as claimed in claim 17, wherein the circuit sheet comprises a polymer layer and a metal layer, with the electrode region formed in the metal layer. 19. A laminated device as claimed in claim 18, comprising a polymer in-fill adjacent the electrode region in the metal layer. 20. A laminated device as claimed in claim 17, comprising a second circuit sheet laminated to the film, with the film located between the first circuit sheet and the second circuit sheet. 21. A method of manufacturing a laminated device comprising a film as claimed in claim 1 and a circuit sheet comprising an electrode region, the method comprising laminating the circuit sheet to the film by:
locating the electrode region of the circuit sheet adjacent the active region of the film; and
bonding the circuit sheet to the adhesive sheet of the film outside the active region. 22. A method of manufacturing a laminated device as claimed in claim 21, further comprising at least one of:
heating the active region so as to cause the active region to melt, at least partially, and so increase bonding between the electrode region with the active region; poling and/or annealing at least part of the active region; applying a plasma to the active region and/or to the electrode region; priming the active region and/or the electrode region with a coupling agent; and laminating a second circuit sheet to the film, such that the film is located between the first circuit sheet and the second circuit sheet. 23-25. (canceled) 26. A method of manufacturing a laminated device as claimed in claim 22, wherein the coupling agent is a silane. 27. (canceled) | 1,600 |
346,938 | 16,805,386 | 1,629 | An example optoelectronic module includes a housing that extends between a first end and an opposite second end. The optoelectronic module includes a printed circuit board (“PCB”) with an electrical connector at an end thereof, a transmitter electrically coupled to the PCB, a receiver electrically coupled to the PCB, and a receiving member including a plurality of ports each configured to receive a respective one of a plurality of fiber optic cables. In one aspect, the receiving member includes a plurality of deformable retaining members configured to be positioned in corresponding receptacles of the housing member in an arrangement structured to limit movement of the receiving member. In another aspect, the module also includes a plurality of fiber optic cable receptacles and a receptacle retaining member is positioned between the housing and the receptacles and limits movement of the receptacles in the housing. | 1. An optoelectronic module for use with a plurality of fiber optic cables including one or more optical fibers, the module comprising:
a housing extending along a longitudinal axis between a first end and an opposite second end, the first end configured to interface with the plurality of fiber optic cables including the one or more optical fibers; a printed circuit board (“PCB”) positioned within the housing; a transmitter positioned inside of the housing and electrically coupled to the PCB; a receiver positioned inside of the housing and electrically coupled to the PCB; and a receiving member for the fiber optic cables, the receiving member including a plurality of ports each configured to receive a respective one of the plurality of the fiber optic cables, wherein the receiving member includes a plurality of deformable retaining members configured to be positioned in a corresponding receptacle of the housing in an arrangement structured to limit movement, of the receiving member for the fiber optic cables, along the longitudinal axis away from the housing. 2. The optoelectronic module of claim 1, further comprising a biasing member positioned between the housing and the receiving member. 3. The optoelectronic module of claim 2, wherein a force in a direction toward the first end of the housing is applied to the receiving member by the biasing member. 4. The optoelectronic module of claim 3, wherein the force applied by the biasing member maintains the deformable retaining members of the receiving member in engagement with the housing in an arrangement that prevents movement of the receiving member toward the first end. 5. The optoelectronic module of claim 2, wherein the biasing member is formed of a material having electromagnetic interference (EMI) attenuating properties. 6. The optoelectronic module of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of receptacles each structured to receive a portion of a respective one of the plurality of fiber optic cables. 7. The optoelectronic module of claim 6, wherein:
the housing further includes a partition having a plurality of spaced apart openings; one or more of the receptacles is positioned in a number of the openings; and each of the one or more receptacles positioned in the number of the openings includes a portion positioned between the partition and the receiving member in an arrangement that prevents movement of the one or more receptacles along the longitudinal axis. 8. The optoelectronic module of claim 6, wherein each of the receptacles is optically coupled with one of the transmitter and the receiver. 9. The optoelectronic module of claim 1, wherein the receptacles of the housing are defined by a plurality of apertures positioned on opposite sides of the housing, and wherein the deformable retaining members each include a portion configured to be positioned in a respective one of the apertures. 10. An optoelectronic module for use with a plurality of fiber optic cables including one or more optical fibers, the module comprising:
a housing extending along a longitudinal axis between a first end and an opposite second end, the first end configured to interface with the plurality of fiber optic cables including the one or more optical fibers; a printed circuit board (“PCB”) positioned within the housing; a transmitter positioned inside of the housing and electrically coupled to the PCB; a receiver positioned inside of the housing and electrically coupled to the PCB; a receiving member for the fiber optic cables, the receiving member including a plurality of ports each configured to receive a respective one of the plurality of the fiber optic cables; and a number of retaining members positioned between and engaging with the receiving member and the housing in an arrangement preventing movement, of the receiving member for the fiber optic cables, along the longitudinal axis away from the housing. 11. The optoelectronic module of claim 10, wherein the receiving member further includes a pair of oppositely positioned recessed portions and the housing further includes a pair of oppositely positioned recessed portions cooperating with the recessed portions of the receiving member to define a pair of receptacles, and wherein one of the retaining members is positioned in each of the receptacles. 12. The optoelectronic module of claim 10, further comprising a biasing member positioned between the housing and the receiving member, the biasing member applying a force to the receiving member in a direction toward the first end of the housing. 13. The optoelectronic module of claim 12, wherein the biasing member is formed of a material having electromagnetic interference (EMI) attenuating properties. 14. The optoelectronic module of claim 10, wherein the receiving member includes a plurality of deformable retaining members configured to be positioned in corresponding receptacles of the housing in an arrangement structured to limit movement of the receiving member along the longitudinal axis. 15. An optoelectronic module for use with a plurality of fiber optic cables including one or more optical fibers, the module comprising:
a housing extending between a first end and an opposite second end, the first end configured to interface with the plurality of fiber optic cables including the one or more optical fibers; a printed circuit board (“PCB”) positioned within the housing; a transmitter positioned inside of the housing and electrically coupled to the PCB; a receiver positioned inside of the housing and electrically coupled to the PCB; a receiving member for the fiber optic cables, the receiving member including a plurality of ports each configured to receive a respective one of the plurality of the fiber optic cables; a plurality of receptacles for the fiber optic cables, the receptacles each structured to receive a portion of a respective one of the plurality of fiber optic cables; and a receptacle retaining member positioned between the housing and the receptacles, wherein the receptacle retaining member engages against a number of the receptacles to limit movement, of the receptacles for the fiber optic cables, away from the housing. 16. The optoelectronic module of claim 15, wherein the housing includes a first portion cooperating with a second portion, and one or more fasteners extend through the first portion and the receptacle retaining member and engage with the second portion to couple the first portion with the second portion. 17. The optoelectronic module of claim 15, wherein the housing includes a first portion cooperating with a second portion, the receptacle retaining member includes one or more guides extending toward the first portion of the housing, and the one or more guides internally route a number of optical fibers optically coupling each receptacle with the receiver or transmitter. 18. The optoelectronic module of claim 17, wherein a number of the guides are engaged with a portion of the PCB. 19. The optoelectronic module of claim 15, wherein the housing includes a first portion cooperating with a second portion, the second portion includes a partition extending toward the first portion and including a number of spaced apart openings, and one or more of the receptacles is positioned in a number of the openings. 20. The optoelectronic module of claim 19, wherein a portion of the receptacle retaining member is positioned above the partition and engages with the number of the receptacles in an arrangement clamping the receptacles between the receptacle retaining member and the second portion of the housing. | An example optoelectronic module includes a housing that extends between a first end and an opposite second end. The optoelectronic module includes a printed circuit board (“PCB”) with an electrical connector at an end thereof, a transmitter electrically coupled to the PCB, a receiver electrically coupled to the PCB, and a receiving member including a plurality of ports each configured to receive a respective one of a plurality of fiber optic cables. In one aspect, the receiving member includes a plurality of deformable retaining members configured to be positioned in corresponding receptacles of the housing member in an arrangement structured to limit movement of the receiving member. In another aspect, the module also includes a plurality of fiber optic cable receptacles and a receptacle retaining member is positioned between the housing and the receptacles and limits movement of the receptacles in the housing.1. An optoelectronic module for use with a plurality of fiber optic cables including one or more optical fibers, the module comprising:
a housing extending along a longitudinal axis between a first end and an opposite second end, the first end configured to interface with the plurality of fiber optic cables including the one or more optical fibers; a printed circuit board (“PCB”) positioned within the housing; a transmitter positioned inside of the housing and electrically coupled to the PCB; a receiver positioned inside of the housing and electrically coupled to the PCB; and a receiving member for the fiber optic cables, the receiving member including a plurality of ports each configured to receive a respective one of the plurality of the fiber optic cables, wherein the receiving member includes a plurality of deformable retaining members configured to be positioned in a corresponding receptacle of the housing in an arrangement structured to limit movement, of the receiving member for the fiber optic cables, along the longitudinal axis away from the housing. 2. The optoelectronic module of claim 1, further comprising a biasing member positioned between the housing and the receiving member. 3. The optoelectronic module of claim 2, wherein a force in a direction toward the first end of the housing is applied to the receiving member by the biasing member. 4. The optoelectronic module of claim 3, wherein the force applied by the biasing member maintains the deformable retaining members of the receiving member in engagement with the housing in an arrangement that prevents movement of the receiving member toward the first end. 5. The optoelectronic module of claim 2, wherein the biasing member is formed of a material having electromagnetic interference (EMI) attenuating properties. 6. The optoelectronic module of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of receptacles each structured to receive a portion of a respective one of the plurality of fiber optic cables. 7. The optoelectronic module of claim 6, wherein:
the housing further includes a partition having a plurality of spaced apart openings; one or more of the receptacles is positioned in a number of the openings; and each of the one or more receptacles positioned in the number of the openings includes a portion positioned between the partition and the receiving member in an arrangement that prevents movement of the one or more receptacles along the longitudinal axis. 8. The optoelectronic module of claim 6, wherein each of the receptacles is optically coupled with one of the transmitter and the receiver. 9. The optoelectronic module of claim 1, wherein the receptacles of the housing are defined by a plurality of apertures positioned on opposite sides of the housing, and wherein the deformable retaining members each include a portion configured to be positioned in a respective one of the apertures. 10. An optoelectronic module for use with a plurality of fiber optic cables including one or more optical fibers, the module comprising:
a housing extending along a longitudinal axis between a first end and an opposite second end, the first end configured to interface with the plurality of fiber optic cables including the one or more optical fibers; a printed circuit board (“PCB”) positioned within the housing; a transmitter positioned inside of the housing and electrically coupled to the PCB; a receiver positioned inside of the housing and electrically coupled to the PCB; a receiving member for the fiber optic cables, the receiving member including a plurality of ports each configured to receive a respective one of the plurality of the fiber optic cables; and a number of retaining members positioned between and engaging with the receiving member and the housing in an arrangement preventing movement, of the receiving member for the fiber optic cables, along the longitudinal axis away from the housing. 11. The optoelectronic module of claim 10, wherein the receiving member further includes a pair of oppositely positioned recessed portions and the housing further includes a pair of oppositely positioned recessed portions cooperating with the recessed portions of the receiving member to define a pair of receptacles, and wherein one of the retaining members is positioned in each of the receptacles. 12. The optoelectronic module of claim 10, further comprising a biasing member positioned between the housing and the receiving member, the biasing member applying a force to the receiving member in a direction toward the first end of the housing. 13. The optoelectronic module of claim 12, wherein the biasing member is formed of a material having electromagnetic interference (EMI) attenuating properties. 14. The optoelectronic module of claim 10, wherein the receiving member includes a plurality of deformable retaining members configured to be positioned in corresponding receptacles of the housing in an arrangement structured to limit movement of the receiving member along the longitudinal axis. 15. An optoelectronic module for use with a plurality of fiber optic cables including one or more optical fibers, the module comprising:
a housing extending between a first end and an opposite second end, the first end configured to interface with the plurality of fiber optic cables including the one or more optical fibers; a printed circuit board (“PCB”) positioned within the housing; a transmitter positioned inside of the housing and electrically coupled to the PCB; a receiver positioned inside of the housing and electrically coupled to the PCB; a receiving member for the fiber optic cables, the receiving member including a plurality of ports each configured to receive a respective one of the plurality of the fiber optic cables; a plurality of receptacles for the fiber optic cables, the receptacles each structured to receive a portion of a respective one of the plurality of fiber optic cables; and a receptacle retaining member positioned between the housing and the receptacles, wherein the receptacle retaining member engages against a number of the receptacles to limit movement, of the receptacles for the fiber optic cables, away from the housing. 16. The optoelectronic module of claim 15, wherein the housing includes a first portion cooperating with a second portion, and one or more fasteners extend through the first portion and the receptacle retaining member and engage with the second portion to couple the first portion with the second portion. 17. The optoelectronic module of claim 15, wherein the housing includes a first portion cooperating with a second portion, the receptacle retaining member includes one or more guides extending toward the first portion of the housing, and the one or more guides internally route a number of optical fibers optically coupling each receptacle with the receiver or transmitter. 18. The optoelectronic module of claim 17, wherein a number of the guides are engaged with a portion of the PCB. 19. The optoelectronic module of claim 15, wherein the housing includes a first portion cooperating with a second portion, the second portion includes a partition extending toward the first portion and including a number of spaced apart openings, and one or more of the receptacles is positioned in a number of the openings. 20. The optoelectronic module of claim 19, wherein a portion of the receptacle retaining member is positioned above the partition and engages with the number of the receptacles in an arrangement clamping the receptacles between the receptacle retaining member and the second portion of the housing. | 1,600 |
346,939 | 16,805,404 | 1,629 | An example optoelectronic module includes a housing that extends between a first end and an opposite second end. The optoelectronic module includes a printed circuit board (“PCB”) with an electrical connector at an end thereof, a transmitter electrically coupled to the PCB, a receiver electrically coupled to the PCB, and a receiving member including a plurality of ports each configured to receive a respective one of a plurality of fiber optic cables. In one aspect, the receiving member includes a plurality of deformable retaining members configured to be positioned in corresponding receptacles of the housing member in an arrangement structured to limit movement of the receiving member. In another aspect, the module also includes a plurality of fiber optic cable receptacles and a receptacle retaining member is positioned between the housing and the receptacles and limits movement of the receptacles in the housing. | 1. An optoelectronic module for use with a plurality of fiber optic cables including one or more optical fibers, the module comprising:
a housing extending along a longitudinal axis between a first end and an opposite second end, the first end configured to interface with the plurality of fiber optic cables including the one or more optical fibers; a printed circuit board (“PCB”) positioned within the housing; a transmitter positioned inside of the housing and electrically coupled to the PCB; a receiver positioned inside of the housing and electrically coupled to the PCB; and a receiving member for the fiber optic cables, the receiving member including a plurality of ports each configured to receive a respective one of the plurality of the fiber optic cables, wherein the receiving member includes a plurality of deformable retaining members configured to be positioned in a corresponding receptacle of the housing in an arrangement structured to limit movement, of the receiving member for the fiber optic cables, along the longitudinal axis away from the housing. 2. The optoelectronic module of claim 1, further comprising a biasing member positioned between the housing and the receiving member. 3. The optoelectronic module of claim 2, wherein a force in a direction toward the first end of the housing is applied to the receiving member by the biasing member. 4. The optoelectronic module of claim 3, wherein the force applied by the biasing member maintains the deformable retaining members of the receiving member in engagement with the housing in an arrangement that prevents movement of the receiving member toward the first end. 5. The optoelectronic module of claim 2, wherein the biasing member is formed of a material having electromagnetic interference (EMI) attenuating properties. 6. The optoelectronic module of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of receptacles each structured to receive a portion of a respective one of the plurality of fiber optic cables. 7. The optoelectronic module of claim 6, wherein:
the housing further includes a partition having a plurality of spaced apart openings; one or more of the receptacles is positioned in a number of the openings; and each of the one or more receptacles positioned in the number of the openings includes a portion positioned between the partition and the receiving member in an arrangement that prevents movement of the one or more receptacles along the longitudinal axis. 8. The optoelectronic module of claim 6, wherein each of the receptacles is optically coupled with one of the transmitter and the receiver. 9. The optoelectronic module of claim 1, wherein the receptacles of the housing are defined by a plurality of apertures positioned on opposite sides of the housing, and wherein the deformable retaining members each include a portion configured to be positioned in a respective one of the apertures. 10. An optoelectronic module for use with a plurality of fiber optic cables including one or more optical fibers, the module comprising:
a housing extending along a longitudinal axis between a first end and an opposite second end, the first end configured to interface with the plurality of fiber optic cables including the one or more optical fibers; a printed circuit board (“PCB”) positioned within the housing; a transmitter positioned inside of the housing and electrically coupled to the PCB; a receiver positioned inside of the housing and electrically coupled to the PCB; a receiving member for the fiber optic cables, the receiving member including a plurality of ports each configured to receive a respective one of the plurality of the fiber optic cables; and a number of retaining members positioned between and engaging with the receiving member and the housing in an arrangement preventing movement, of the receiving member for the fiber optic cables, along the longitudinal axis away from the housing. 11. The optoelectronic module of claim 10, wherein the receiving member further includes a pair of oppositely positioned recessed portions and the housing further includes a pair of oppositely positioned recessed portions cooperating with the recessed portions of the receiving member to define a pair of receptacles, and wherein one of the retaining members is positioned in each of the receptacles. 12. The optoelectronic module of claim 10, further comprising a biasing member positioned between the housing and the receiving member, the biasing member applying a force to the receiving member in a direction toward the first end of the housing. 13. The optoelectronic module of claim 12, wherein the biasing member is formed of a material having electromagnetic interference (EMI) attenuating properties. 14. The optoelectronic module of claim 10, wherein the receiving member includes a plurality of deformable retaining members configured to be positioned in corresponding receptacles of the housing in an arrangement structured to limit movement of the receiving member along the longitudinal axis. 15. An optoelectronic module for use with a plurality of fiber optic cables including one or more optical fibers, the module comprising:
a housing extending between a first end and an opposite second end, the first end configured to interface with the plurality of fiber optic cables including the one or more optical fibers; a printed circuit board (“PCB”) positioned within the housing; a transmitter positioned inside of the housing and electrically coupled to the PCB; a receiver positioned inside of the housing and electrically coupled to the PCB; a receiving member for the fiber optic cables, the receiving member including a plurality of ports each configured to receive a respective one of the plurality of the fiber optic cables; a plurality of receptacles for the fiber optic cables, the receptacles each structured to receive a portion of a respective one of the plurality of fiber optic cables; and a receptacle retaining member positioned between the housing and the receptacles, wherein the receptacle retaining member engages against a number of the receptacles to limit movement, of the receptacles for the fiber optic cables, away from the housing. 16. The optoelectronic module of claim 15, wherein the housing includes a first portion cooperating with a second portion, and one or more fasteners extend through the first portion and the receptacle retaining member and engage with the second portion to couple the first portion with the second portion. 17. The optoelectronic module of claim 15, wherein the housing includes a first portion cooperating with a second portion, the receptacle retaining member includes one or more guides extending toward the first portion of the housing, and the one or more guides internally route a number of optical fibers optically coupling each receptacle with the receiver or transmitter. 18. The optoelectronic module of claim 17, wherein a number of the guides are engaged with a portion of the PCB. 19. The optoelectronic module of claim 15, wherein the housing includes a first portion cooperating with a second portion, the second portion includes a partition extending toward the first portion and including a number of spaced apart openings, and one or more of the receptacles is positioned in a number of the openings. 20. The optoelectronic module of claim 19, wherein a portion of the receptacle retaining member is positioned above the partition and engages with the number of the receptacles in an arrangement clamping the receptacles between the receptacle retaining member and the second portion of the housing. | An example optoelectronic module includes a housing that extends between a first end and an opposite second end. The optoelectronic module includes a printed circuit board (“PCB”) with an electrical connector at an end thereof, a transmitter electrically coupled to the PCB, a receiver electrically coupled to the PCB, and a receiving member including a plurality of ports each configured to receive a respective one of a plurality of fiber optic cables. In one aspect, the receiving member includes a plurality of deformable retaining members configured to be positioned in corresponding receptacles of the housing member in an arrangement structured to limit movement of the receiving member. In another aspect, the module also includes a plurality of fiber optic cable receptacles and a receptacle retaining member is positioned between the housing and the receptacles and limits movement of the receptacles in the housing.1. An optoelectronic module for use with a plurality of fiber optic cables including one or more optical fibers, the module comprising:
a housing extending along a longitudinal axis between a first end and an opposite second end, the first end configured to interface with the plurality of fiber optic cables including the one or more optical fibers; a printed circuit board (“PCB”) positioned within the housing; a transmitter positioned inside of the housing and electrically coupled to the PCB; a receiver positioned inside of the housing and electrically coupled to the PCB; and a receiving member for the fiber optic cables, the receiving member including a plurality of ports each configured to receive a respective one of the plurality of the fiber optic cables, wherein the receiving member includes a plurality of deformable retaining members configured to be positioned in a corresponding receptacle of the housing in an arrangement structured to limit movement, of the receiving member for the fiber optic cables, along the longitudinal axis away from the housing. 2. The optoelectronic module of claim 1, further comprising a biasing member positioned between the housing and the receiving member. 3. The optoelectronic module of claim 2, wherein a force in a direction toward the first end of the housing is applied to the receiving member by the biasing member. 4. The optoelectronic module of claim 3, wherein the force applied by the biasing member maintains the deformable retaining members of the receiving member in engagement with the housing in an arrangement that prevents movement of the receiving member toward the first end. 5. The optoelectronic module of claim 2, wherein the biasing member is formed of a material having electromagnetic interference (EMI) attenuating properties. 6. The optoelectronic module of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of receptacles each structured to receive a portion of a respective one of the plurality of fiber optic cables. 7. The optoelectronic module of claim 6, wherein:
the housing further includes a partition having a plurality of spaced apart openings; one or more of the receptacles is positioned in a number of the openings; and each of the one or more receptacles positioned in the number of the openings includes a portion positioned between the partition and the receiving member in an arrangement that prevents movement of the one or more receptacles along the longitudinal axis. 8. The optoelectronic module of claim 6, wherein each of the receptacles is optically coupled with one of the transmitter and the receiver. 9. The optoelectronic module of claim 1, wherein the receptacles of the housing are defined by a plurality of apertures positioned on opposite sides of the housing, and wherein the deformable retaining members each include a portion configured to be positioned in a respective one of the apertures. 10. An optoelectronic module for use with a plurality of fiber optic cables including one or more optical fibers, the module comprising:
a housing extending along a longitudinal axis between a first end and an opposite second end, the first end configured to interface with the plurality of fiber optic cables including the one or more optical fibers; a printed circuit board (“PCB”) positioned within the housing; a transmitter positioned inside of the housing and electrically coupled to the PCB; a receiver positioned inside of the housing and electrically coupled to the PCB; a receiving member for the fiber optic cables, the receiving member including a plurality of ports each configured to receive a respective one of the plurality of the fiber optic cables; and a number of retaining members positioned between and engaging with the receiving member and the housing in an arrangement preventing movement, of the receiving member for the fiber optic cables, along the longitudinal axis away from the housing. 11. The optoelectronic module of claim 10, wherein the receiving member further includes a pair of oppositely positioned recessed portions and the housing further includes a pair of oppositely positioned recessed portions cooperating with the recessed portions of the receiving member to define a pair of receptacles, and wherein one of the retaining members is positioned in each of the receptacles. 12. The optoelectronic module of claim 10, further comprising a biasing member positioned between the housing and the receiving member, the biasing member applying a force to the receiving member in a direction toward the first end of the housing. 13. The optoelectronic module of claim 12, wherein the biasing member is formed of a material having electromagnetic interference (EMI) attenuating properties. 14. The optoelectronic module of claim 10, wherein the receiving member includes a plurality of deformable retaining members configured to be positioned in corresponding receptacles of the housing in an arrangement structured to limit movement of the receiving member along the longitudinal axis. 15. An optoelectronic module for use with a plurality of fiber optic cables including one or more optical fibers, the module comprising:
a housing extending between a first end and an opposite second end, the first end configured to interface with the plurality of fiber optic cables including the one or more optical fibers; a printed circuit board (“PCB”) positioned within the housing; a transmitter positioned inside of the housing and electrically coupled to the PCB; a receiver positioned inside of the housing and electrically coupled to the PCB; a receiving member for the fiber optic cables, the receiving member including a plurality of ports each configured to receive a respective one of the plurality of the fiber optic cables; a plurality of receptacles for the fiber optic cables, the receptacles each structured to receive a portion of a respective one of the plurality of fiber optic cables; and a receptacle retaining member positioned between the housing and the receptacles, wherein the receptacle retaining member engages against a number of the receptacles to limit movement, of the receptacles for the fiber optic cables, away from the housing. 16. The optoelectronic module of claim 15, wherein the housing includes a first portion cooperating with a second portion, and one or more fasteners extend through the first portion and the receptacle retaining member and engage with the second portion to couple the first portion with the second portion. 17. The optoelectronic module of claim 15, wherein the housing includes a first portion cooperating with a second portion, the receptacle retaining member includes one or more guides extending toward the first portion of the housing, and the one or more guides internally route a number of optical fibers optically coupling each receptacle with the receiver or transmitter. 18. The optoelectronic module of claim 17, wherein a number of the guides are engaged with a portion of the PCB. 19. The optoelectronic module of claim 15, wherein the housing includes a first portion cooperating with a second portion, the second portion includes a partition extending toward the first portion and including a number of spaced apart openings, and one or more of the receptacles is positioned in a number of the openings. 20. The optoelectronic module of claim 19, wherein a portion of the receptacle retaining member is positioned above the partition and engages with the number of the receptacles in an arrangement clamping the receptacles between the receptacle retaining member and the second portion of the housing. | 1,600 |
346,940 | 16,805,316 | 1,629 | The present specification discloses a service authorization method, apparatus and device. In one aspect, the method includes: obtaining, by a first execution unit that runs in a first security environment, information to be verified; generating, by the first execution unit that runs in the first security environment, a verification result of the information to be verified; signing, by the first execution unit that runs in the first security environment, the verification result using a signature verification private key to provide signature information; obtaining, by a second execution unit that runs in a second security environment, the signature information from the first execution unit; verifying, by the second execution unit that runs in the second security environment, the signature information using a signature verification public key corresponding to the signature verification private key; and in response to verifying the signature information, performing service authorization based on the verification result. | 1. A service authorization method, comprising:
obtaining, by a first execution unit that runs in a first security environment, information to be verified; generating, by the first execution unit that runs in the first security environment, a verification result of the information to be verified; signing, by the first execution unit that runs in the first security environment, the verification result using a signature verification private key to provide signature information; obtaining, by a second execution unit that runs in a second security environment, the signature information from the first execution unit; verifying, by the second execution unit that runs in the second security environment, the signature information using a signature verification public key corresponding to the signature verification private key; and in response to verifying the signature information, performing service authorization based on the verification result. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first security environment comprises a trusted execution environment (TEE), and the second security environment comprises an execution environment provided by a secure element (SE). 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the information to be verified comprises biometric feature information to be verified. 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: prior to obtaining the signature information from the first execution unit, obtaining, by the first execution unit, one or more dynamic parameters sent by the second execution unit, wherein the one or more dynamic parameters comprise at least one of a random number or time information. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising, prior to signing the verification result to provide the signature information,
obtaining, by the first execution unit, the signature verification private key from a first management server corresponding to the first execution unit. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising, prior to receiving the signature information: receiving, by the first execution unit, a public key certificate of the signature verification public key from the first management server, wherein the public key certificate is obtained by the first management server from a certificate authority (CA) after the CA verifies the signature verification public key based on a stored CA private key. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein receiving the signature information further comprises:
obtaining, by the second execution unit, the public key; verifying, by the second execution unit, the public key certificate using a CA public key obtained from the CA; and in response to verifying the public key certificate, verifying, by the second execution unit, the signature information by parsing the public key certificate. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: prior to verifying the signature the signature information using the signature verification public key corresponding to the signature verification private key:
obtaining, by the second execution unit that runs in the second security environment, a CA public key from a certificate authority (CA) by using a second management server corresponding to the second execution unit. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein:
verifying the signature information using the signature verification public key corresponding to the signature verification private key comprises:
verifying, using the CA public key, a public key certificate sent from a service application, wherein the public key certificate is obtained after the CA verifies the signature verification public key based on a CA private key corresponding to the CA public key, wherein the public key certificate is obtained by the service application from the first execution unit, and wherein the public key certificate is obtained by the first execution unit from the CA by using a first management server corresponding to the first execution unit; and
verifying, in response to determining that verification on the public key certificate succeeds, the signature information using the signature verification public key obtained by parsing the public key certificate; and
performing service authorization based on the verification result comprises:
performing, in response to determining that verification on the signature information succeeds, service verification based on the verification result obtained by parsing the signature information. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein:
verifying the signature information using the signature verification public key corresponding to the signature verification private key comprises:
verifying the public key certificate using the CA public key;
verifying, in response to determining that verification on the public key certificate succeeds, the signature information using the signature verification public key obtained by parsing the public key certificate; and
verifying, in response to determining that the verification on the signature information succeeds, the one or more dynamic parameters obtained by parsing the signature information; and
performing service authorization based on the verification result comprises:
performing, in response to determining that the verification on the one or more dynamic parameters succeeds, service authorization based on the verification result obtained by parsing the signature information. 11. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
obtaining, by a first execution unit that runs in a first security environment, information to be verified; generating, by the first execution unit that runs in the first security environment, a verification result of the information to be verified; signing, by the first execution unit that runs in the first security environment, the verification result using a signature verification private key to provide signature information; obtaining, by a second execution unit that runs in a second security environment, the signature information from the first execution unit; verifying, by the second execution unit that runs in the second security environment, the signature information using a signature verification public key corresponding to the signature verification private key; and in response to verifying the signature information, performing service authorization based on the verification result. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein the first security environment comprises a trusted execution environment (TEE), and the second security environment comprises an execution environment provided by a secure element (SE). 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein the information to be verified comprises biometric feature information to be verified. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise: prior to obtaining the signature information from the first execution unit, obtaining, by the first execution unit, one or more dynamic parameters sent by the second execution unit, wherein the one or more dynamic parameters comprise at least one of a random number or time information. 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise, prior to signing the verification result to provide the signature information,
obtaining, by the first execution unit, the signature verification private key from a first management server corresponding to the first execution unit. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise, prior to receiving the signature information: receiving, by the first execution unit, a public key certificate of the signature verification public key from the first management server, wherein the public key certificate is obtained by the first management server from a certificate authority (CA) after the CA verifies the signature verification public key based on a stored CA private key. 17. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 16, wherein receiving the signature information further comprises:
obtaining, by the second execution unit, the public key; verifying, by the second execution unit, the public key certificate using a CA public key obtained from the CA; and in response to verifying the public key certificate, verifying, by the second execution unit, the signature information by parsing the public key certificate. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 11, further comprising: prior to verifying the signature the signature information using the signature verification public key corresponding to the signature verification private key:
obtaining, by the second execution unit that runs in the second security environment, a CA public key from a certificate authority (CA) by using a second management server corresponding to the second execution unit. 19. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 18, wherein:
verifying the signature information using the signature verification public key corresponding to the signature verification private key comprises: verifying, using the CA public key, a public key certificate sent from a service application, wherein the public key certificate is obtained after the CA verifies the signature verification public key based on a CA private key corresponding to the CA public key, wherein the public key certificate is obtained by the service application from the first execution unit, and wherein the public key certificate is obtained by the first execution unit from the CA by using a first management server corresponding to the first execution unit; and verifying, in response to determining that verification on the public key certificate succeeds, the signature information using the signature verification public key obtained by parsing the public key certificate; and performing service authorization based on the verification result comprises: performing, in response to determining that verification on the signature information succeeds, service verification based on the verification result obtained by parsing the signature information. 20. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 18, wherein:
verifying the signature information using the signature verification public key corresponding to the signature verification private key comprises: verifying the public key certificate using the CA public key; verifying, in response to determining that verification on the public key certificate succeeds, the signature information using the signature verification public key obtained by parsing the public key certificate; and verifying, in response to determining that the verification on the signature information succeeds, the one or more dynamic parameters obtained by parsing the signature information; and performing service authorization based on the verification result comprises: performing, in response to determining that the verification on the one or more dynamic parameters succeeds, service authorization based on the verification result obtained by parsing the signature information. 21. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising: obtaining, by a first execution unit that runs in a first security environment, information to be verified; generating, by the first execution unit that runs in the first security environment, a verification result of the information to be verified; signing, by the first execution unit that runs in the first security environment, the verification result using a signature verification private key to provide signature information; obtaining, by a second execution unit that runs in a second security environment, the signature information from the first execution unit; verifying, by the second execution unit that runs in the second security environment, the signature information using a signature verification public key corresponding to the signature verification private key; and in response to verifying the signature information, performing service authorization based on the verification result. | The present specification discloses a service authorization method, apparatus and device. In one aspect, the method includes: obtaining, by a first execution unit that runs in a first security environment, information to be verified; generating, by the first execution unit that runs in the first security environment, a verification result of the information to be verified; signing, by the first execution unit that runs in the first security environment, the verification result using a signature verification private key to provide signature information; obtaining, by a second execution unit that runs in a second security environment, the signature information from the first execution unit; verifying, by the second execution unit that runs in the second security environment, the signature information using a signature verification public key corresponding to the signature verification private key; and in response to verifying the signature information, performing service authorization based on the verification result.1. A service authorization method, comprising:
obtaining, by a first execution unit that runs in a first security environment, information to be verified; generating, by the first execution unit that runs in the first security environment, a verification result of the information to be verified; signing, by the first execution unit that runs in the first security environment, the verification result using a signature verification private key to provide signature information; obtaining, by a second execution unit that runs in a second security environment, the signature information from the first execution unit; verifying, by the second execution unit that runs in the second security environment, the signature information using a signature verification public key corresponding to the signature verification private key; and in response to verifying the signature information, performing service authorization based on the verification result. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first security environment comprises a trusted execution environment (TEE), and the second security environment comprises an execution environment provided by a secure element (SE). 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the information to be verified comprises biometric feature information to be verified. 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: prior to obtaining the signature information from the first execution unit, obtaining, by the first execution unit, one or more dynamic parameters sent by the second execution unit, wherein the one or more dynamic parameters comprise at least one of a random number or time information. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising, prior to signing the verification result to provide the signature information,
obtaining, by the first execution unit, the signature verification private key from a first management server corresponding to the first execution unit. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising, prior to receiving the signature information: receiving, by the first execution unit, a public key certificate of the signature verification public key from the first management server, wherein the public key certificate is obtained by the first management server from a certificate authority (CA) after the CA verifies the signature verification public key based on a stored CA private key. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein receiving the signature information further comprises:
obtaining, by the second execution unit, the public key; verifying, by the second execution unit, the public key certificate using a CA public key obtained from the CA; and in response to verifying the public key certificate, verifying, by the second execution unit, the signature information by parsing the public key certificate. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: prior to verifying the signature the signature information using the signature verification public key corresponding to the signature verification private key:
obtaining, by the second execution unit that runs in the second security environment, a CA public key from a certificate authority (CA) by using a second management server corresponding to the second execution unit. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein:
verifying the signature information using the signature verification public key corresponding to the signature verification private key comprises:
verifying, using the CA public key, a public key certificate sent from a service application, wherein the public key certificate is obtained after the CA verifies the signature verification public key based on a CA private key corresponding to the CA public key, wherein the public key certificate is obtained by the service application from the first execution unit, and wherein the public key certificate is obtained by the first execution unit from the CA by using a first management server corresponding to the first execution unit; and
verifying, in response to determining that verification on the public key certificate succeeds, the signature information using the signature verification public key obtained by parsing the public key certificate; and
performing service authorization based on the verification result comprises:
performing, in response to determining that verification on the signature information succeeds, service verification based on the verification result obtained by parsing the signature information. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein:
verifying the signature information using the signature verification public key corresponding to the signature verification private key comprises:
verifying the public key certificate using the CA public key;
verifying, in response to determining that verification on the public key certificate succeeds, the signature information using the signature verification public key obtained by parsing the public key certificate; and
verifying, in response to determining that the verification on the signature information succeeds, the one or more dynamic parameters obtained by parsing the signature information; and
performing service authorization based on the verification result comprises:
performing, in response to determining that the verification on the one or more dynamic parameters succeeds, service authorization based on the verification result obtained by parsing the signature information. 11. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
obtaining, by a first execution unit that runs in a first security environment, information to be verified; generating, by the first execution unit that runs in the first security environment, a verification result of the information to be verified; signing, by the first execution unit that runs in the first security environment, the verification result using a signature verification private key to provide signature information; obtaining, by a second execution unit that runs in a second security environment, the signature information from the first execution unit; verifying, by the second execution unit that runs in the second security environment, the signature information using a signature verification public key corresponding to the signature verification private key; and in response to verifying the signature information, performing service authorization based on the verification result. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein the first security environment comprises a trusted execution environment (TEE), and the second security environment comprises an execution environment provided by a secure element (SE). 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein the information to be verified comprises biometric feature information to be verified. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise: prior to obtaining the signature information from the first execution unit, obtaining, by the first execution unit, one or more dynamic parameters sent by the second execution unit, wherein the one or more dynamic parameters comprise at least one of a random number or time information. 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise, prior to signing the verification result to provide the signature information,
obtaining, by the first execution unit, the signature verification private key from a first management server corresponding to the first execution unit. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise, prior to receiving the signature information: receiving, by the first execution unit, a public key certificate of the signature verification public key from the first management server, wherein the public key certificate is obtained by the first management server from a certificate authority (CA) after the CA verifies the signature verification public key based on a stored CA private key. 17. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 16, wherein receiving the signature information further comprises:
obtaining, by the second execution unit, the public key; verifying, by the second execution unit, the public key certificate using a CA public key obtained from the CA; and in response to verifying the public key certificate, verifying, by the second execution unit, the signature information by parsing the public key certificate. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 11, further comprising: prior to verifying the signature the signature information using the signature verification public key corresponding to the signature verification private key:
obtaining, by the second execution unit that runs in the second security environment, a CA public key from a certificate authority (CA) by using a second management server corresponding to the second execution unit. 19. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 18, wherein:
verifying the signature information using the signature verification public key corresponding to the signature verification private key comprises: verifying, using the CA public key, a public key certificate sent from a service application, wherein the public key certificate is obtained after the CA verifies the signature verification public key based on a CA private key corresponding to the CA public key, wherein the public key certificate is obtained by the service application from the first execution unit, and wherein the public key certificate is obtained by the first execution unit from the CA by using a first management server corresponding to the first execution unit; and verifying, in response to determining that verification on the public key certificate succeeds, the signature information using the signature verification public key obtained by parsing the public key certificate; and performing service authorization based on the verification result comprises: performing, in response to determining that verification on the signature information succeeds, service verification based on the verification result obtained by parsing the signature information. 20. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 18, wherein:
verifying the signature information using the signature verification public key corresponding to the signature verification private key comprises: verifying the public key certificate using the CA public key; verifying, in response to determining that verification on the public key certificate succeeds, the signature information using the signature verification public key obtained by parsing the public key certificate; and verifying, in response to determining that the verification on the signature information succeeds, the one or more dynamic parameters obtained by parsing the signature information; and performing service authorization based on the verification result comprises: performing, in response to determining that the verification on the one or more dynamic parameters succeeds, service authorization based on the verification result obtained by parsing the signature information. 21. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising: obtaining, by a first execution unit that runs in a first security environment, information to be verified; generating, by the first execution unit that runs in the first security environment, a verification result of the information to be verified; signing, by the first execution unit that runs in the first security environment, the verification result using a signature verification private key to provide signature information; obtaining, by a second execution unit that runs in a second security environment, the signature information from the first execution unit; verifying, by the second execution unit that runs in the second security environment, the signature information using a signature verification public key corresponding to the signature verification private key; and in response to verifying the signature information, performing service authorization based on the verification result. | 1,600 |
346,941 | 16,805,391 | 1,629 | An example sink having a stepped sink basin is provided. The sink includes a front wall, a rear wall, a first side wall and a second side wall. The sink also includes a stepped sink basin that includes a raised portion and a lower basin portion. The raised portion of the basin provides a front ledge extending from the front wall toward the rear wall, and extending between the first and second side walls below a top plane of the sink. The lower portion of the basin extends from a bottom of the rear wall toward the front wall, the lower basin defining a drain. The sink still further includes a surface connecting the front ledge to the lower basin. | 1. A sink comprising:
a front wall, a rear wall, a first side wall and a second side wall; a raised portion extending from the front wall toward the rear wall, and extending between the first and second side walls below a top plane of the sink; a lower basin extending from a bottom of the rear wall toward the front wall, the lower basin defining a drain; and a connecting surface connecting the front ledge to the lower basin. 2. The sink of claim 1, wherein the raised portion is oriented at an angle with respect to the top plane of the sink. 3. The sink of claim 2, wherein a front edge of the raised portion is higher than a rear edge of the raised portion. 4. The sink of claim 1, wherein the raised portion includes a plurality of raised portion surface features. 5. The sink of claim 4, wherein the plurality of raised portion surface features are oriented parallel to the front wall. 6. The sink of claim 4, wherein the plurality of raised portion surface features are oriented transverse to the front wall. 7. The sink of claim 1, wherein the connecting surface is oriented parallel to the front wall. 8. The sink of claim 1, wherein the connecting surface is oriented at an angle with respect to the front wall. 9. The sink of claim 1, wherein the connecting surface includes a plurality of connecting surface features. 10. The sink of claim 9, wherein the plurality of connecting surface features are oriented parallel to the front wall. 11. The sink of claim 9, wherein the plurality of connecting surface features are oriented transverse to the front wall. 12. The sink of claim 1, wherein the lower basin comprises a first bowl and a second bowl separated from the first bowl. 13. The sink of claim 12, further comprising a divider extending from the rear wall to the connecting surface, separating the first bowl and the second bowl. 14. The sink of claim 12, wherein the first bowl is a different shape than the second bowl. 15. The sink of claim 12, wherein the first bowl has a different depth than the second bowl. 16. The sink of claim 1, further comprising a wire grid positionable within the lower basin. 17. The sink of claim 16, wherein the wire grid is positionable in a first position to create a top surface even with a rear edge of the front ledge. 18. The sink of claim 1, wherein connections between the front wall and the first and second side walls, and between the rear wall and the first and second side walls produce low-radiused corners. | An example sink having a stepped sink basin is provided. The sink includes a front wall, a rear wall, a first side wall and a second side wall. The sink also includes a stepped sink basin that includes a raised portion and a lower basin portion. The raised portion of the basin provides a front ledge extending from the front wall toward the rear wall, and extending between the first and second side walls below a top plane of the sink. The lower portion of the basin extends from a bottom of the rear wall toward the front wall, the lower basin defining a drain. The sink still further includes a surface connecting the front ledge to the lower basin.1. A sink comprising:
a front wall, a rear wall, a first side wall and a second side wall; a raised portion extending from the front wall toward the rear wall, and extending between the first and second side walls below a top plane of the sink; a lower basin extending from a bottom of the rear wall toward the front wall, the lower basin defining a drain; and a connecting surface connecting the front ledge to the lower basin. 2. The sink of claim 1, wherein the raised portion is oriented at an angle with respect to the top plane of the sink. 3. The sink of claim 2, wherein a front edge of the raised portion is higher than a rear edge of the raised portion. 4. The sink of claim 1, wherein the raised portion includes a plurality of raised portion surface features. 5. The sink of claim 4, wherein the plurality of raised portion surface features are oriented parallel to the front wall. 6. The sink of claim 4, wherein the plurality of raised portion surface features are oriented transverse to the front wall. 7. The sink of claim 1, wherein the connecting surface is oriented parallel to the front wall. 8. The sink of claim 1, wherein the connecting surface is oriented at an angle with respect to the front wall. 9. The sink of claim 1, wherein the connecting surface includes a plurality of connecting surface features. 10. The sink of claim 9, wherein the plurality of connecting surface features are oriented parallel to the front wall. 11. The sink of claim 9, wherein the plurality of connecting surface features are oriented transverse to the front wall. 12. The sink of claim 1, wherein the lower basin comprises a first bowl and a second bowl separated from the first bowl. 13. The sink of claim 12, further comprising a divider extending from the rear wall to the connecting surface, separating the first bowl and the second bowl. 14. The sink of claim 12, wherein the first bowl is a different shape than the second bowl. 15. The sink of claim 12, wherein the first bowl has a different depth than the second bowl. 16. The sink of claim 1, further comprising a wire grid positionable within the lower basin. 17. The sink of claim 16, wherein the wire grid is positionable in a first position to create a top surface even with a rear edge of the front ledge. 18. The sink of claim 1, wherein connections between the front wall and the first and second side walls, and between the rear wall and the first and second side walls produce low-radiused corners. | 1,600 |
346,942 | 16,805,398 | 1,629 | An example sink having a stepped sink basin is provided. The sink includes a front wall, a rear wall, a first side wall and a second side wall. The sink also includes a stepped sink basin that includes a raised portion and a lower basin portion. The raised portion of the basin provides a front ledge extending from the front wall toward the rear wall, and extending between the first and second side walls below a top plane of the sink. The lower portion of the basin extends from a bottom of the rear wall toward the front wall, the lower basin defining a drain. The sink still further includes a surface connecting the front ledge to the lower basin. | 1. A sink comprising:
a front wall, a rear wall, a first side wall and a second side wall; a raised portion extending from the front wall toward the rear wall, and extending between the first and second side walls below a top plane of the sink; a lower basin extending from a bottom of the rear wall toward the front wall, the lower basin defining a drain; and a connecting surface connecting the front ledge to the lower basin. 2. The sink of claim 1, wherein the raised portion is oriented at an angle with respect to the top plane of the sink. 3. The sink of claim 2, wherein a front edge of the raised portion is higher than a rear edge of the raised portion. 4. The sink of claim 1, wherein the raised portion includes a plurality of raised portion surface features. 5. The sink of claim 4, wherein the plurality of raised portion surface features are oriented parallel to the front wall. 6. The sink of claim 4, wherein the plurality of raised portion surface features are oriented transverse to the front wall. 7. The sink of claim 1, wherein the connecting surface is oriented parallel to the front wall. 8. The sink of claim 1, wherein the connecting surface is oriented at an angle with respect to the front wall. 9. The sink of claim 1, wherein the connecting surface includes a plurality of connecting surface features. 10. The sink of claim 9, wherein the plurality of connecting surface features are oriented parallel to the front wall. 11. The sink of claim 9, wherein the plurality of connecting surface features are oriented transverse to the front wall. 12. The sink of claim 1, wherein the lower basin comprises a first bowl and a second bowl separated from the first bowl. 13. The sink of claim 12, further comprising a divider extending from the rear wall to the connecting surface, separating the first bowl and the second bowl. 14. The sink of claim 12, wherein the first bowl is a different shape than the second bowl. 15. The sink of claim 12, wherein the first bowl has a different depth than the second bowl. 16. The sink of claim 1, further comprising a wire grid positionable within the lower basin. 17. The sink of claim 16, wherein the wire grid is positionable in a first position to create a top surface even with a rear edge of the front ledge. 18. The sink of claim 1, wherein connections between the front wall and the first and second side walls, and between the rear wall and the first and second side walls produce low-radiused corners. | An example sink having a stepped sink basin is provided. The sink includes a front wall, a rear wall, a first side wall and a second side wall. The sink also includes a stepped sink basin that includes a raised portion and a lower basin portion. The raised portion of the basin provides a front ledge extending from the front wall toward the rear wall, and extending between the first and second side walls below a top plane of the sink. The lower portion of the basin extends from a bottom of the rear wall toward the front wall, the lower basin defining a drain. The sink still further includes a surface connecting the front ledge to the lower basin.1. A sink comprising:
a front wall, a rear wall, a first side wall and a second side wall; a raised portion extending from the front wall toward the rear wall, and extending between the first and second side walls below a top plane of the sink; a lower basin extending from a bottom of the rear wall toward the front wall, the lower basin defining a drain; and a connecting surface connecting the front ledge to the lower basin. 2. The sink of claim 1, wherein the raised portion is oriented at an angle with respect to the top plane of the sink. 3. The sink of claim 2, wherein a front edge of the raised portion is higher than a rear edge of the raised portion. 4. The sink of claim 1, wherein the raised portion includes a plurality of raised portion surface features. 5. The sink of claim 4, wherein the plurality of raised portion surface features are oriented parallel to the front wall. 6. The sink of claim 4, wherein the plurality of raised portion surface features are oriented transverse to the front wall. 7. The sink of claim 1, wherein the connecting surface is oriented parallel to the front wall. 8. The sink of claim 1, wherein the connecting surface is oriented at an angle with respect to the front wall. 9. The sink of claim 1, wherein the connecting surface includes a plurality of connecting surface features. 10. The sink of claim 9, wherein the plurality of connecting surface features are oriented parallel to the front wall. 11. The sink of claim 9, wherein the plurality of connecting surface features are oriented transverse to the front wall. 12. The sink of claim 1, wherein the lower basin comprises a first bowl and a second bowl separated from the first bowl. 13. The sink of claim 12, further comprising a divider extending from the rear wall to the connecting surface, separating the first bowl and the second bowl. 14. The sink of claim 12, wherein the first bowl is a different shape than the second bowl. 15. The sink of claim 12, wherein the first bowl has a different depth than the second bowl. 16. The sink of claim 1, further comprising a wire grid positionable within the lower basin. 17. The sink of claim 16, wherein the wire grid is positionable in a first position to create a top surface even with a rear edge of the front ledge. 18. The sink of claim 1, wherein connections between the front wall and the first and second side walls, and between the rear wall and the first and second side walls produce low-radiused corners. | 1,600 |
346,943 | 16,805,382 | 1,629 | Disclosed herein are polycyclic aromatic compound embodiments and methods of making and using such compounds. In some embodiments, the polycyclic aromatic compounds comprise an indenoindenodi(benzothiophene) skeleton. The polycyclic aromatic compound embodiments can be used in a variety of devices, such as electronic and/or electrooptical devices. | 1. A compound having a structure satisfying Formula I or II, 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein each of X1 and X2 independently are S or SO2. 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein each of X1 and X2 are S. 4. The compound of claim 1, wherein each of R3 and R4 independently are aromatic or an organic functional group. 5. The compound of claim 1, wherein each of R3 and R4 independently are aromatic, wherein the aromatic group comprises one or more substituents other than hydrogen. 6. The compound of claim 5, wherein the one or more substituents other than hydrogen are aliphatic, aromatic, heteroaliphatic, or an organic functional group. 7. The compound of claim 4, wherein each organic functional group independently is selected from a combination of an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aromatic, haloaliphatic, and/or haloheteroaliphatic group; or aldehyde; aroxy; acyl halide; halogen; nitro; cyano; azide; carboxyl (or carboxylate); amide; ketone; carbonate; imine; azo; carbamate; hydroxyl; thiol; sulfonyl (or sulfonate); oxime; ester; thiocyanate; thioketone; thiocarboxylic acid; thioester; dithiocarboxylic acid or ester; phosphonate; phosphate; silyl ether; sulfinyl; thial; or combinations thereof. 8. The compound of claim 1, wherein each of R3 and R4 independently are selected from alkyl; alkynyl; alkenyl; heteroalkyl; heteroalkynyl; heteroalkenyl; phenyl; naphthyl; pyridinyl; or an organic functional group selected from benzyl, amino, halogen, nitro, alkoxy, aroxy, cyano, thiol, thioether, or hydroxyl. 9. The compound of claim 1, where R3 and R4 are 2,4,6-Me3C6H2, 2,4,6-iPr3C6H2, or 4-t-Bu-2,6-Me2CH6H2. 10. The compound of claim 1, wherein each of R1, R2, R5, and R6 independently is selected from H, amino, alkyl, alkynyl, alkenyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkynyl, heteroalkenyl, an organic functional group; or R1 and R2 together provide an aryl or heteroaryl ring and/or R5 and R6 together provide an aryl or heteroaryl ring. 11. The compound of claim 1, wherein R1 and R2 together provide a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a tetracenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrenyl group, or other aromatic ring system. 12. The compound of claim 1, wherein R5 and R6 together provide a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a tetracenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrenyl group, or other aromatic ring system. 13. The compound of claim 1, wherein when any one or more of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, or R6 are aromatic groups, the aromatic group comprises one or more substituents other than hydrogen. 14. The compound of claim 13, wherein one or more substituents other than hydrogen are selected from aliphatic groups, heteroaliphatic groups, aromatic groups, or an organic functional group. 15. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has a structure satisfying one or more of Formulas III or IV 16. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has a structure satisfying one or more of Formula IIIA or Formula IVA 17. The compound of claim 16, wherein each organic functional group independently is selected from a combination of an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aromatic, haloaliphatic, and/or haloheteroaliphatic group; or aldehyde; aroxy; acyl halide; halogen; nitro; cyano; azide; carboxyl (or carboxylate); amide; ketone; carbonate; imine; azo; carbamate; hydroxyl; thiol; sulfonyl (or sulfonate); oxime; ester; thiocyanate; thioketone; thiocarboxylic acid; thioester; dithiocarboxylic acid or ester; phosphonate; phosphate; silyl ether; sulfinyl; thial; or combinations thereof. 18. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from 19. An apparatus, comprising an electronic or electrooptical device selected from an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), an organic field-effect transistor (OFET), or an organic photovoltaic cell (OPV) and further comprising a compound of claim 1. 20. A thin film, comprising a compound according to claim 1. | Disclosed herein are polycyclic aromatic compound embodiments and methods of making and using such compounds. In some embodiments, the polycyclic aromatic compounds comprise an indenoindenodi(benzothiophene) skeleton. The polycyclic aromatic compound embodiments can be used in a variety of devices, such as electronic and/or electrooptical devices.1. A compound having a structure satisfying Formula I or II, 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein each of X1 and X2 independently are S or SO2. 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein each of X1 and X2 are S. 4. The compound of claim 1, wherein each of R3 and R4 independently are aromatic or an organic functional group. 5. The compound of claim 1, wherein each of R3 and R4 independently are aromatic, wherein the aromatic group comprises one or more substituents other than hydrogen. 6. The compound of claim 5, wherein the one or more substituents other than hydrogen are aliphatic, aromatic, heteroaliphatic, or an organic functional group. 7. The compound of claim 4, wherein each organic functional group independently is selected from a combination of an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aromatic, haloaliphatic, and/or haloheteroaliphatic group; or aldehyde; aroxy; acyl halide; halogen; nitro; cyano; azide; carboxyl (or carboxylate); amide; ketone; carbonate; imine; azo; carbamate; hydroxyl; thiol; sulfonyl (or sulfonate); oxime; ester; thiocyanate; thioketone; thiocarboxylic acid; thioester; dithiocarboxylic acid or ester; phosphonate; phosphate; silyl ether; sulfinyl; thial; or combinations thereof. 8. The compound of claim 1, wherein each of R3 and R4 independently are selected from alkyl; alkynyl; alkenyl; heteroalkyl; heteroalkynyl; heteroalkenyl; phenyl; naphthyl; pyridinyl; or an organic functional group selected from benzyl, amino, halogen, nitro, alkoxy, aroxy, cyano, thiol, thioether, or hydroxyl. 9. The compound of claim 1, where R3 and R4 are 2,4,6-Me3C6H2, 2,4,6-iPr3C6H2, or 4-t-Bu-2,6-Me2CH6H2. 10. The compound of claim 1, wherein each of R1, R2, R5, and R6 independently is selected from H, amino, alkyl, alkynyl, alkenyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkynyl, heteroalkenyl, an organic functional group; or R1 and R2 together provide an aryl or heteroaryl ring and/or R5 and R6 together provide an aryl or heteroaryl ring. 11. The compound of claim 1, wherein R1 and R2 together provide a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a tetracenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrenyl group, or other aromatic ring system. 12. The compound of claim 1, wherein R5 and R6 together provide a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a tetracenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrenyl group, or other aromatic ring system. 13. The compound of claim 1, wherein when any one or more of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, or R6 are aromatic groups, the aromatic group comprises one or more substituents other than hydrogen. 14. The compound of claim 13, wherein one or more substituents other than hydrogen are selected from aliphatic groups, heteroaliphatic groups, aromatic groups, or an organic functional group. 15. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has a structure satisfying one or more of Formulas III or IV 16. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has a structure satisfying one or more of Formula IIIA or Formula IVA 17. The compound of claim 16, wherein each organic functional group independently is selected from a combination of an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aromatic, haloaliphatic, and/or haloheteroaliphatic group; or aldehyde; aroxy; acyl halide; halogen; nitro; cyano; azide; carboxyl (or carboxylate); amide; ketone; carbonate; imine; azo; carbamate; hydroxyl; thiol; sulfonyl (or sulfonate); oxime; ester; thiocyanate; thioketone; thiocarboxylic acid; thioester; dithiocarboxylic acid or ester; phosphonate; phosphate; silyl ether; sulfinyl; thial; or combinations thereof. 18. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from 19. An apparatus, comprising an electronic or electrooptical device selected from an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), an organic field-effect transistor (OFET), or an organic photovoltaic cell (OPV) and further comprising a compound of claim 1. 20. A thin film, comprising a compound according to claim 1. | 1,600 |
346,944 | 16,805,432 | 2,884 | A detector has an internal sensing space, and includes a light source unit for emitting light into the sensing space, a reflector for reflecting the light, a sample supply for providing a sample into a path of the light, a first sensor unit for sensing the light reflected by the reflector, and a second sensor unit for sensing at least one of scattered light and fluorescence by the sample. The light source and the first and second sensor units are arranged in the sensing space. | 1. A detector having an internal sensing space, the detector comprising:
a light source unit for emitting light into the sensing space; a reflector for reflecting the light and including a pair of extensions respectively extending in different directions; a sample supply for providing a sample into a path of the light; a first sensor unit for sensing the light reflected by the reflector; and a second sensor unit for sensing at least one of scattered light and fluorescence by the sample, wherein the light source unit and the first and second sensor units are arranged in the sensing space, wherein an angle formed by the pair of extensions is set based on a traveling path of the light, and wherein a portion of the light emitted from the light source unit has a path of being reflected by one of the extensions, then being reflected by the other of the extensions, and then traveling toward the first sensor unit. 2. The detector of claim 1, wherein the light source unit emits at least one wavelength band of infrared light, visible light, and ultraviolet light. 3. The detector of claim 2, wherein the light source unit emits a wavelength band of 210 to 1200 nm. 4. The detector of claim 1, wherein the light source unit includes at least one light source. 5. The detector of claim 4, wherein the light source unit includes a plurality of light sources emitting light of different wavelengths. 6. The detector of claim 1, wherein the first sensor unit, the second sensor unit, or both include at least one sensor corresponding to the light source unit. 7. The detector of claim 6, wherein the light source unit emits light of a wavelength corresponding to a size of a target to be sensed, and wherein the first sensor unit, the second sensor unit, or both sense the light of the wavelength corresponding to the size of the target. 8. The detector of claim 6, wherein the first sensor unit includes a first infrared light sensor, a first visible light sensor, a first ultraviolet light sensor, or a combination thereof. 9. The detector of claim 6, wherein the second sensor unit includes a second infrared light sensor, a second visible light sensor, a second ultraviolet light sensor, or a combination thereof. 10. The detector of claim 1, further comprising:
a third sensor unit disposed adjacent to the light source unit and sensing an amount of the light emitted from the light source unit. 11. The detector of claim 10, wherein the third sensor unit includes a third infrared light sensor, a third visible light sensor, a third ultraviolet light sensor, or a combination thereof. 12. The detector of claim 1, wherein the reflector further includes:
a light condenser having a cross-section forming a portion of a curve; and the two extensions respectively extending from both ends of the light condenser and formed in a plate shape, wherein the angle between the two extensions is 80 degree to 110 degree. 13. The detector of claim 1, further comprising:
an optical lens unit disposed between the reflector and the second sensor unit. 14. The detector of claim 1, further comprising:
a polarizing filter disposed on the path of the light and polarizing the light. 15. The detector of claim 1, further comprising:
a heater that provides heat to the sensing space. 16. The detector of claim 1, wherein the light source unit, the reflector, the sample supply, the first sensor unit, and the second sensor unit constitute a detection module, and
wherein the detector includes a plurality of detection modules. 17. The detector of claim 16, wherein light emitted from the light source units of the respective detection modules has wavelengths at least partially different from each other. 18. The detector of claim 1, wherein the light source unit includes a light emitting diode. 19. The detector of claim 1, wherein the sample is provided in fluid. 20. The detector of claim 1, further comprising:
an information acquisition unit that acquires target information in the sample using values sensed by the first sensor unit and the second sensor unit; and a display that displays the target information to a user. 21. The detector of claim 20, further comprising:
a calculation unit for receiving the target information from the information acquisition unit, calculating the target information, and providing the calculated target information to the display. 22. The detector of claim 1, wherein the detector senses dust, a germ, a mold, a virus, or a combination thereof present in the sample. | A detector has an internal sensing space, and includes a light source unit for emitting light into the sensing space, a reflector for reflecting the light, a sample supply for providing a sample into a path of the light, a first sensor unit for sensing the light reflected by the reflector, and a second sensor unit for sensing at least one of scattered light and fluorescence by the sample. The light source and the first and second sensor units are arranged in the sensing space.1. A detector having an internal sensing space, the detector comprising:
a light source unit for emitting light into the sensing space; a reflector for reflecting the light and including a pair of extensions respectively extending in different directions; a sample supply for providing a sample into a path of the light; a first sensor unit for sensing the light reflected by the reflector; and a second sensor unit for sensing at least one of scattered light and fluorescence by the sample, wherein the light source unit and the first and second sensor units are arranged in the sensing space, wherein an angle formed by the pair of extensions is set based on a traveling path of the light, and wherein a portion of the light emitted from the light source unit has a path of being reflected by one of the extensions, then being reflected by the other of the extensions, and then traveling toward the first sensor unit. 2. The detector of claim 1, wherein the light source unit emits at least one wavelength band of infrared light, visible light, and ultraviolet light. 3. The detector of claim 2, wherein the light source unit emits a wavelength band of 210 to 1200 nm. 4. The detector of claim 1, wherein the light source unit includes at least one light source. 5. The detector of claim 4, wherein the light source unit includes a plurality of light sources emitting light of different wavelengths. 6. The detector of claim 1, wherein the first sensor unit, the second sensor unit, or both include at least one sensor corresponding to the light source unit. 7. The detector of claim 6, wherein the light source unit emits light of a wavelength corresponding to a size of a target to be sensed, and wherein the first sensor unit, the second sensor unit, or both sense the light of the wavelength corresponding to the size of the target. 8. The detector of claim 6, wherein the first sensor unit includes a first infrared light sensor, a first visible light sensor, a first ultraviolet light sensor, or a combination thereof. 9. The detector of claim 6, wherein the second sensor unit includes a second infrared light sensor, a second visible light sensor, a second ultraviolet light sensor, or a combination thereof. 10. The detector of claim 1, further comprising:
a third sensor unit disposed adjacent to the light source unit and sensing an amount of the light emitted from the light source unit. 11. The detector of claim 10, wherein the third sensor unit includes a third infrared light sensor, a third visible light sensor, a third ultraviolet light sensor, or a combination thereof. 12. The detector of claim 1, wherein the reflector further includes:
a light condenser having a cross-section forming a portion of a curve; and the two extensions respectively extending from both ends of the light condenser and formed in a plate shape, wherein the angle between the two extensions is 80 degree to 110 degree. 13. The detector of claim 1, further comprising:
an optical lens unit disposed between the reflector and the second sensor unit. 14. The detector of claim 1, further comprising:
a polarizing filter disposed on the path of the light and polarizing the light. 15. The detector of claim 1, further comprising:
a heater that provides heat to the sensing space. 16. The detector of claim 1, wherein the light source unit, the reflector, the sample supply, the first sensor unit, and the second sensor unit constitute a detection module, and
wherein the detector includes a plurality of detection modules. 17. The detector of claim 16, wherein light emitted from the light source units of the respective detection modules has wavelengths at least partially different from each other. 18. The detector of claim 1, wherein the light source unit includes a light emitting diode. 19. The detector of claim 1, wherein the sample is provided in fluid. 20. The detector of claim 1, further comprising:
an information acquisition unit that acquires target information in the sample using values sensed by the first sensor unit and the second sensor unit; and a display that displays the target information to a user. 21. The detector of claim 20, further comprising:
a calculation unit for receiving the target information from the information acquisition unit, calculating the target information, and providing the calculated target information to the display. 22. The detector of claim 1, wherein the detector senses dust, a germ, a mold, a virus, or a combination thereof present in the sample. | 2,800 |
346,945 | 16,805,437 | 2,655 | A method and processing system for validating an audio signal is disclosed. A valid audio signal is an audio signal that has been determined to originate from a microphone and has not been provided by a digital audio source. In some implementations, one or more speakers may generate a sequence of one or more subaudible tones. Simultaneously, a microphone near the one or more speakers captures an audio signal. If the captured audio signal includes the one or more subaudible tones from the speakers, then the audio signal is a validated. | 1. A method, comprising:
outputting, by a first speaker, a first sequence of subaudible tones; outputting, by a second speaker, a second sequence of subaudible tones, wherein the first sequence of subaudible tones is different from the second sequence of subaudible tones; receiving, from a microphone, an audio signal while concurrently outputting the first sequence of subaudible tones and the second sequence of subaudible tones; and selectively validating the audio signal based at least in part on whether the audio signal includes the first sequence of subaudible tones and the second sequence of subaudible tones. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the selectively validating comprises:
determining that the first sequence of subaudible tones exceeds a first amplitude and the second sequence of subaudible tones exceeds a second amplitude. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first amplitude is greater than the second amplitude. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first sequence of subaudible tones and the second sequence of subaudible tones include ultrasonic tones, infrasonic tones, or a combination thereof. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein each subaudible tone within each sequence of subaudible tones has a duration based on a pre-determined sequence of duration times. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first sequence of subaudible tones and the second sequence of subaudible tones are generated using direct-sequence spread spectrum modulation. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the selectively validating comprises:
determining a frequency response associated with the microphone; determining whether the audio signal is consistent with the frequency response associated with the microphone; and validating the audio signal in response to determining that the audio signal is consistent with the frequency response associated with the microphone. 8. A processing system comprising:
one or more speakers; at least one microphone; one or more processors; and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors cause the processing system to:
output, by a first speaker, a first sequence of subaudible tones;
output, by a second speaker, a second sequence of subaudible tones, wherein the first sequence of subaudible tones is different from the second sequence of subaudible tones;
receive an audio signal from the microphone while concurrently outputting the first sequence of subaudible tones and the second sequence of subaudible tones; and
selectively validate the audio signal based at least in part on whether the audio signal includes the first sequence of subaudible tones and the second sequence of subaudible tones. 9. The processing system of claim 8, wherein execution of the instructions to selectively validate the audio signal causes the processing system to determine that the first sequence of subaudible tones exceeds a first amplitude and the second sequence of subaudible tones exceeds a second amplitude. 10. The processing system of claim 9, wherein the first amplitude is greater than the second amplitude. 11. The processing system of claim 8, wherein the first sequence of subaudible tones and the second sequence of subaudible tones include ultrasonic tones, infrasonic tones, or a combination thereof. 12. The processing system of claim 8, wherein each tone within each sequence of subaudible tones has a duration based on a pre-determined sequence of duration times. 13. The processing system of claim 8, wherein the first sequence of subaudible tones and the second sequence of subaudible tones are generated using direct-sequence spread spectrum modulation. 14. The processing system of claim 8, wherein execution of the instructions to selectively validate the audio signal causes the processing system to:
determine a frequency response associated with the microphone; determine whether the audio signal is consistent with the frequency response associated with the microphone; and validate the audio signal in response a determination that the audio signal is consistent with the frequency response associated with the microphone. 15. A method, comprising:
outputting, by a first speaker, one or more subaudible tones; receiving, from a microphone, an audio signal while concurrently outputting the one or more subaudible tones; selectively validating the audio signal based at least in part on whether the audio signal includes the one or more subaudible tones; and authenticating a user's identity based at least in part on the validated audio signal. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein authenticating the user's identity comprises:
matching a voice in the audio signal to a previously captured reference voice pattern. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the selectively validating comprises:
validating the audio signal in response to determining that the audio signal includes the one or more subaudible tones from the first speaker. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the one or more subaudible tones include a first sequence of subaudible tones. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
outputting, by a second speaker, a second sequence of subaudible tones. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the selectively validating comprises:
determining whether the audio signal includes the first sequence of subaudible tones and the second sequence of subaudible tones, wherein the first sequence of subaudible tones is different than the second sequence of subaudible tones. | A method and processing system for validating an audio signal is disclosed. A valid audio signal is an audio signal that has been determined to originate from a microphone and has not been provided by a digital audio source. In some implementations, one or more speakers may generate a sequence of one or more subaudible tones. Simultaneously, a microphone near the one or more speakers captures an audio signal. If the captured audio signal includes the one or more subaudible tones from the speakers, then the audio signal is a validated.1. A method, comprising:
outputting, by a first speaker, a first sequence of subaudible tones; outputting, by a second speaker, a second sequence of subaudible tones, wherein the first sequence of subaudible tones is different from the second sequence of subaudible tones; receiving, from a microphone, an audio signal while concurrently outputting the first sequence of subaudible tones and the second sequence of subaudible tones; and selectively validating the audio signal based at least in part on whether the audio signal includes the first sequence of subaudible tones and the second sequence of subaudible tones. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the selectively validating comprises:
determining that the first sequence of subaudible tones exceeds a first amplitude and the second sequence of subaudible tones exceeds a second amplitude. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first amplitude is greater than the second amplitude. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first sequence of subaudible tones and the second sequence of subaudible tones include ultrasonic tones, infrasonic tones, or a combination thereof. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein each subaudible tone within each sequence of subaudible tones has a duration based on a pre-determined sequence of duration times. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first sequence of subaudible tones and the second sequence of subaudible tones are generated using direct-sequence spread spectrum modulation. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the selectively validating comprises:
determining a frequency response associated with the microphone; determining whether the audio signal is consistent with the frequency response associated with the microphone; and validating the audio signal in response to determining that the audio signal is consistent with the frequency response associated with the microphone. 8. A processing system comprising:
one or more speakers; at least one microphone; one or more processors; and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors cause the processing system to:
output, by a first speaker, a first sequence of subaudible tones;
output, by a second speaker, a second sequence of subaudible tones, wherein the first sequence of subaudible tones is different from the second sequence of subaudible tones;
receive an audio signal from the microphone while concurrently outputting the first sequence of subaudible tones and the second sequence of subaudible tones; and
selectively validate the audio signal based at least in part on whether the audio signal includes the first sequence of subaudible tones and the second sequence of subaudible tones. 9. The processing system of claim 8, wherein execution of the instructions to selectively validate the audio signal causes the processing system to determine that the first sequence of subaudible tones exceeds a first amplitude and the second sequence of subaudible tones exceeds a second amplitude. 10. The processing system of claim 9, wherein the first amplitude is greater than the second amplitude. 11. The processing system of claim 8, wherein the first sequence of subaudible tones and the second sequence of subaudible tones include ultrasonic tones, infrasonic tones, or a combination thereof. 12. The processing system of claim 8, wherein each tone within each sequence of subaudible tones has a duration based on a pre-determined sequence of duration times. 13. The processing system of claim 8, wherein the first sequence of subaudible tones and the second sequence of subaudible tones are generated using direct-sequence spread spectrum modulation. 14. The processing system of claim 8, wherein execution of the instructions to selectively validate the audio signal causes the processing system to:
determine a frequency response associated with the microphone; determine whether the audio signal is consistent with the frequency response associated with the microphone; and validate the audio signal in response a determination that the audio signal is consistent with the frequency response associated with the microphone. 15. A method, comprising:
outputting, by a first speaker, one or more subaudible tones; receiving, from a microphone, an audio signal while concurrently outputting the one or more subaudible tones; selectively validating the audio signal based at least in part on whether the audio signal includes the one or more subaudible tones; and authenticating a user's identity based at least in part on the validated audio signal. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein authenticating the user's identity comprises:
matching a voice in the audio signal to a previously captured reference voice pattern. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the selectively validating comprises:
validating the audio signal in response to determining that the audio signal includes the one or more subaudible tones from the first speaker. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the one or more subaudible tones include a first sequence of subaudible tones. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
outputting, by a second speaker, a second sequence of subaudible tones. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the selectively validating comprises:
determining whether the audio signal includes the first sequence of subaudible tones and the second sequence of subaudible tones, wherein the first sequence of subaudible tones is different than the second sequence of subaudible tones. | 2,600 |
346,946 | 16,805,442 | 3,793 | In one embodiment, a method is provided. The method includes transmitting a first set of ultrasound waves to determine whether there is fluid flow at a target area. The first set of ultrasound waves are transmitted at a first pulse repetition frequency. The method also includes determining whether there is fluid flow in a second area based on the first set of ultrasound waves. The second area is between the target area and an ultrasound probe. The method further includes transmitting a second set of ultrasound waves to detect fluid flow at the target area in response to determining that there is fluid flow in the second area between the target area and the ultrasound probe. The second set of ultrasound waves are directed towards the target area. The second set of ultrasound waves are transmitted at a second pulse repetition frequency. | 1. A method, comprising:
transmitting a first set of ultrasound waves to determine whether there is fluid flow at a target area, wherein:
the first set of ultrasound waves are directed towards the target area; and
the first set of ultrasound waves are transmitted at a first pulse repetition frequency;
determining whether there is fluid flow in a second area based on the first set of ultrasound waves, wherein the second area is between the target area and an ultrasound probe; and in response to determining that there is fluid flow in the second area between the target area and the ultrasound probe, transmitting a second set of ultrasound waves to detect fluid flow at the target area, wherein:
the second set of ultrasound waves are directed towards the target area;
the second set of ultrasound waves are transmitted at a second pulse repetition frequency; and
the first pulse repetition frequency is different from the second pulse repetition frequency. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
determining whether there is fluid flow in the second area is further based on a first set of reflections of the first set of ultrasound waves at a first time; and determining whether there is fluid flow in the target area is based on a second set of reflections of the first set of ultrasound waves at the first time. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in response to determining that there is no fluid flow in the second area between the target area and the ultrasound probe, determining whether there is fluid flow in the target area based on the first set of ultrasound waves; and in response to determining that there is fluid flow in the target area, generating one or more images of the target area, wherein the one or more images indicate the fluid flow in the target area. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether there is fluid flow in a third area based on the second set of ultrasound waves, wherein the third area is between the target area and the ultrasound probe; and in response to determining that there is fluid flow in the third area between the target area and the ultrasound probe, determining whether to continue transmitting ultrasound waves. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising;
in response to determining not to continue transmitting ultrasound waves, providing an indication that there is additional fluid flow between the ultrasound probe and the target area. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
in response to determining to continue transmitting ultrasound waves, transmitting a third set of ultrasound waves to detect fluid flow at the target area, wherein:
the third set of ultrasound waves are directed towards the target area; and
the third set of ultrasound waves are transmitted at a third pulse repetition frequency; and
determining whether there is fluid flow in a fourth area based on the third set of ultrasound waves, wherein the fourth area is between the target area and the ultrasound probe. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the fourth area is different from the second area and the third area. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the ultrasound probe comprises a plurality of beamforming components; a first beamforming component of the plurality of beamforming components is used to determine whether there is fluid movement at the target area; and a second beamforming component of the plurality of beamforming components is used to determine whether there is fluid movement at the second area. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the ultrasound probe comprises a pulsed wave Doppler ultrasound probe. 10. An ultrasound probe, comprising:
a probe array assembly configured to transmit ultrasound waves; a processing device coupled to the probe array assembly, the processing device configured to:
transmit a first set of ultrasound waves to determine whether there is fluid flow at a target area, wherein:
the first set of ultrasound waves are directed towards the target area; and
the first set of ultrasound waves are transmitted at a first pulse repetition frequency;
determine whether there is fluid flow in a second area based on the first set of ultrasound waves, wherein the second area is between the target area and the ultrasound probe; and
in response to determining that there is fluid flow in the second area between the target area and the ultrasound probe, transmit a second set of ultrasound waves to detect fluid flow at the target area, wherein:
the second set of ultrasound waves are directed towards the target area;
the second set of ultrasound waves are transmitted at a second pulse repetition frequency; and
the first pulse repetition frequency is different from the second pulse repetition frequency. 11. The ultrasound probe of claim 10, wherein:
determining whether there is fluid flow in the second area is further based on a first set of reflections of the first set of ultrasound waves at a first time; and determining whether there is fluid flow in the target area is based on a second set of reflections of the first set of ultrasound waves at the first time. 12. The ultrasound probe of claim 10, wherein the processing device is further configured to:
in response to determining that there is no fluid flow in the second area between the target area and the ultrasound probe, determine whether there is fluid flow in the target area based on the first set of ultrasound waves; and in response to determining that there is fluid flow in the target area, generate one or more images of the target area, wherein the one or more images indicate the fluid flow in the target area. 13. The ultrasound probe of claim 10, wherein the processing device is further configured to:
determine whether there is fluid flow in a third area based on the second set of ultrasound waves, wherein the third area is between the target area and the ultrasound probe; and in response to determining that there is fluid flow in the third area between the target area and the ultrasound probe, determine whether to continue transmitting ultrasound waves. 14. The ultrasound probe of claim 13, wherein the processing device is further configured to;
in response to determining not to continue transmitting ultrasound waves, provide an indication that there is additional fluid flow between the ultrasound probe and the target area. 15. The ultrasound probe of claim 13, wherein the processing device is further configured to:
in response to determining to continue transmitting ultrasound waves, transmit a third set of ultrasound waves to detect fluid flow at the target area, wherein:
the third set of ultrasound waves are directed towards the target area; and
the third set of ultrasound waves are transmitted at a third pulse repetition frequency; and
determine whether there is fluid flow in a fourth area based on the third set of ultrasound waves, wherein the fourth area is between the target area and the ultrasound probe. 16. The ultrasound probe of claim 15, wherein the fourth area is different from the second area and the third area. 17. The ultrasound probe of claim 10, wherein:
the ultrasound probe further comprises a plurality of beamforming components; a first beamforming component of the plurality of beamforming components is used to determine whether there is fluid movement at the target area; and a second beamforming component of the plurality of beamforming components is used to determine whether there is fluid movement at the second area. 18. The ultrasound probe of claim 10, wherein the ultrasound probe comprises a pulsed wave Doppler ultrasound probe. 19. A method, comprising:
transmitting a first set of ultrasound waves to determine whether there is fluid flow at a target area, wherein:
the first set of ultrasound waves are directed towards the target area; and
the first set of ultrasound waves are transmitted at a first pulse repetition frequency;
determining whether there is fluid flow in a second area based on the first set of ultrasound waves, wherein the second area is between the target area and an ultrasound probe; and
in response to determining that there is fluid flow in the second area between the target area and the ultrasound probe, providing an indication that there is additional fluid flow between the ultrasound probe and the target area. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein:
determining whether there is fluid flow in the second area is further based on a first set of reflections of the first set of ultrasound waves at a first time; and determining whether there is fluid flow in the target area is based on a second set of reflections of the first set of ultrasound waves at the first time. | In one embodiment, a method is provided. The method includes transmitting a first set of ultrasound waves to determine whether there is fluid flow at a target area. The first set of ultrasound waves are transmitted at a first pulse repetition frequency. The method also includes determining whether there is fluid flow in a second area based on the first set of ultrasound waves. The second area is between the target area and an ultrasound probe. The method further includes transmitting a second set of ultrasound waves to detect fluid flow at the target area in response to determining that there is fluid flow in the second area between the target area and the ultrasound probe. The second set of ultrasound waves are directed towards the target area. The second set of ultrasound waves are transmitted at a second pulse repetition frequency.1. A method, comprising:
transmitting a first set of ultrasound waves to determine whether there is fluid flow at a target area, wherein:
the first set of ultrasound waves are directed towards the target area; and
the first set of ultrasound waves are transmitted at a first pulse repetition frequency;
determining whether there is fluid flow in a second area based on the first set of ultrasound waves, wherein the second area is between the target area and an ultrasound probe; and in response to determining that there is fluid flow in the second area between the target area and the ultrasound probe, transmitting a second set of ultrasound waves to detect fluid flow at the target area, wherein:
the second set of ultrasound waves are directed towards the target area;
the second set of ultrasound waves are transmitted at a second pulse repetition frequency; and
the first pulse repetition frequency is different from the second pulse repetition frequency. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
determining whether there is fluid flow in the second area is further based on a first set of reflections of the first set of ultrasound waves at a first time; and determining whether there is fluid flow in the target area is based on a second set of reflections of the first set of ultrasound waves at the first time. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in response to determining that there is no fluid flow in the second area between the target area and the ultrasound probe, determining whether there is fluid flow in the target area based on the first set of ultrasound waves; and in response to determining that there is fluid flow in the target area, generating one or more images of the target area, wherein the one or more images indicate the fluid flow in the target area. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether there is fluid flow in a third area based on the second set of ultrasound waves, wherein the third area is between the target area and the ultrasound probe; and in response to determining that there is fluid flow in the third area between the target area and the ultrasound probe, determining whether to continue transmitting ultrasound waves. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising;
in response to determining not to continue transmitting ultrasound waves, providing an indication that there is additional fluid flow between the ultrasound probe and the target area. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
in response to determining to continue transmitting ultrasound waves, transmitting a third set of ultrasound waves to detect fluid flow at the target area, wherein:
the third set of ultrasound waves are directed towards the target area; and
the third set of ultrasound waves are transmitted at a third pulse repetition frequency; and
determining whether there is fluid flow in a fourth area based on the third set of ultrasound waves, wherein the fourth area is between the target area and the ultrasound probe. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the fourth area is different from the second area and the third area. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the ultrasound probe comprises a plurality of beamforming components; a first beamforming component of the plurality of beamforming components is used to determine whether there is fluid movement at the target area; and a second beamforming component of the plurality of beamforming components is used to determine whether there is fluid movement at the second area. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the ultrasound probe comprises a pulsed wave Doppler ultrasound probe. 10. An ultrasound probe, comprising:
a probe array assembly configured to transmit ultrasound waves; a processing device coupled to the probe array assembly, the processing device configured to:
transmit a first set of ultrasound waves to determine whether there is fluid flow at a target area, wherein:
the first set of ultrasound waves are directed towards the target area; and
the first set of ultrasound waves are transmitted at a first pulse repetition frequency;
determine whether there is fluid flow in a second area based on the first set of ultrasound waves, wherein the second area is between the target area and the ultrasound probe; and
in response to determining that there is fluid flow in the second area between the target area and the ultrasound probe, transmit a second set of ultrasound waves to detect fluid flow at the target area, wherein:
the second set of ultrasound waves are directed towards the target area;
the second set of ultrasound waves are transmitted at a second pulse repetition frequency; and
the first pulse repetition frequency is different from the second pulse repetition frequency. 11. The ultrasound probe of claim 10, wherein:
determining whether there is fluid flow in the second area is further based on a first set of reflections of the first set of ultrasound waves at a first time; and determining whether there is fluid flow in the target area is based on a second set of reflections of the first set of ultrasound waves at the first time. 12. The ultrasound probe of claim 10, wherein the processing device is further configured to:
in response to determining that there is no fluid flow in the second area between the target area and the ultrasound probe, determine whether there is fluid flow in the target area based on the first set of ultrasound waves; and in response to determining that there is fluid flow in the target area, generate one or more images of the target area, wherein the one or more images indicate the fluid flow in the target area. 13. The ultrasound probe of claim 10, wherein the processing device is further configured to:
determine whether there is fluid flow in a third area based on the second set of ultrasound waves, wherein the third area is between the target area and the ultrasound probe; and in response to determining that there is fluid flow in the third area between the target area and the ultrasound probe, determine whether to continue transmitting ultrasound waves. 14. The ultrasound probe of claim 13, wherein the processing device is further configured to;
in response to determining not to continue transmitting ultrasound waves, provide an indication that there is additional fluid flow between the ultrasound probe and the target area. 15. The ultrasound probe of claim 13, wherein the processing device is further configured to:
in response to determining to continue transmitting ultrasound waves, transmit a third set of ultrasound waves to detect fluid flow at the target area, wherein:
the third set of ultrasound waves are directed towards the target area; and
the third set of ultrasound waves are transmitted at a third pulse repetition frequency; and
determine whether there is fluid flow in a fourth area based on the third set of ultrasound waves, wherein the fourth area is between the target area and the ultrasound probe. 16. The ultrasound probe of claim 15, wherein the fourth area is different from the second area and the third area. 17. The ultrasound probe of claim 10, wherein:
the ultrasound probe further comprises a plurality of beamforming components; a first beamforming component of the plurality of beamforming components is used to determine whether there is fluid movement at the target area; and a second beamforming component of the plurality of beamforming components is used to determine whether there is fluid movement at the second area. 18. The ultrasound probe of claim 10, wherein the ultrasound probe comprises a pulsed wave Doppler ultrasound probe. 19. A method, comprising:
transmitting a first set of ultrasound waves to determine whether there is fluid flow at a target area, wherein:
the first set of ultrasound waves are directed towards the target area; and
the first set of ultrasound waves are transmitted at a first pulse repetition frequency;
determining whether there is fluid flow in a second area based on the first set of ultrasound waves, wherein the second area is between the target area and an ultrasound probe; and
in response to determining that there is fluid flow in the second area between the target area and the ultrasound probe, providing an indication that there is additional fluid flow between the ultrasound probe and the target area. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein:
determining whether there is fluid flow in the second area is further based on a first set of reflections of the first set of ultrasound waves at a first time; and determining whether there is fluid flow in the target area is based on a second set of reflections of the first set of ultrasound waves at the first time. | 3,700 |
346,947 | 16,805,433 | 3,793 | Embodiments of the present invention relate to telecommunications technologies, so that in a state in which the electronic device is connected to an external audio device, a manner used by the electronic device to process an audio and video application program can be intelligentized. A sensor is disposed on at least one of the electronic device or the external audio device. The method includes: receiving, by the electronic device, a detection result signal sent by the sensor, where the detection result signal is a signal that carries a detection value obtained by means of detection by the sensor; determining, by the electronic device according to a preset correspondence and the detection value, an action performed by a user on the electronic device or the external audio device; and controlling, by the electronic device, an execution status of an audio and video application program according to the action. | 1. A terminal device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor and configured to store processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the terminal device to:
receive an incoming call;
automatically answer the incoming call and output a call audio of the incoming call from a built-in earpiece of the terminal device when the terminal device is moving to a user's head, when a gesture answer function is activated, and when an intelligent call switching function is activated; and
automatically answer the incoming call and output the call audio from an external audio device coupled to the terminal device when the terminal device is moving to the user's head, when the gesture answer function is activated, and when the intelligent call switching function is not activated. 2. The terminal device of claim 1, further comprising a display configured to display an incoming call reminding interface of the incoming call. 3. The terminal device of claim 1, further comprising an optical proximity sensor configured to detect the terminal device is moving to the user's head. 4. The terminal device of claim 3, wherein the optical proximity sensor is further configured to detect that the terminal device is moving away from the user's head, and wherein the processor is further configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory to cause the terminal device further to control the output of the call audio of the incoming call from the external audio device. 5. The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory to cause the terminal device further to set a menu option for activating or inactivating the gesture answer function. 6. The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory to cause the terminal device further to:
detect that the terminal device is moving away from the user's head; and output the call audio of the incoming call from the external audio device. 7. A communications method, implemented in a terminal device connected with an external audio device, wherein the communications method comprises:
receiving a first incoming call; automatically answering the first incoming call and controlling a call audio of the first incoming call to be output from a built-in earpiece of the terminal device, wherein the terminal device is moved to a user's head, wherein a gesture answer function is activated, and wherein an intelligent call switching function is activated; receiving a second incoming call; and automatically answering the second incoming call and controlling the call audio to be output from the external audio device, wherein the terminal device is moved to the user's head, wherein the gesture answer function is activated, and wherein the intelligent call switching function is not activated. 8. The communications method of claim 7, wherein after receiving the first incoming call, the communications method further comprises displaying an incoming call reminding interface of the first incoming call. 9. The communications method of claim 7, further comprising detecting when the terminal device is moving to the user's head using an optical proximity sensor disposed on the terminal device. 10. The communications method of claim 7, further comprising setting a menu option for activating or inactivating the gesture answer function. 11. The communications method of claim 7, further comprising:
detecting that the terminal device is moving away from the user's head; and outputting the call audio of the first incoming call from the external audio device. 12. The communications method of claim 7, wherein the external audio device comprises a headset. 13. A communications method, implemented in a terminal device connected with an external audio device, wherein the communications method comprises:
receiving an incoming call; receiving a first user operation of answering the incoming call or a second user operation of clicking an answer button of the external audio device; answering the incoming call and outputting call audio from the external audio device; and automatically switching the call audio to a built-in earpiece of the terminal device and outputting the call audio from the built-in earpiece when the terminal device is moved to a user's head and when an intelligent call switching function is activated. 14. The communications method of claim 13, wherein after receiving the incoming call, the communications method further comprises displaying an incoming call reminding interface of the incoming call. 15. The communications method of claim 13, further comprising detecting when the terminal device is moving to the user's head using an optical proximity sensor disposed on the terminal device. 16. The communications method of claim 13, further comprising setting a menu option for activating or inactivating the intelligent call switching function. 17. A terminal device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor and configured to store processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the terminal device to:
receive an incoming call;
receive a first user operation of answering the incoming call or a second user operation of clicking an answer button of an external audio device;
answer the incoming call and output call audio from the external audio device; and
automatically switch the call audio to a built-in earpiece of the terminal device and output the call audio from the built-in earpiece when the terminal device is moved to a user's head and when an intelligent call switching function is activated. 18. The terminal device of claim 17, further comprising an optical proximity sensor configured to detect that the terminal device is moved to the user's head. 19. The terminal device of claim 17, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory to cause the terminal device to set a menu option for activating or inactivating the intelligent call switching function. 20. The terminal device of claim 17, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory to cause the terminal device to:
detect the terminal device is moved away from the user's head; and switch the call audio from the built-in earpiece of the terminal device to the external audio device. | Embodiments of the present invention relate to telecommunications technologies, so that in a state in which the electronic device is connected to an external audio device, a manner used by the electronic device to process an audio and video application program can be intelligentized. A sensor is disposed on at least one of the electronic device or the external audio device. The method includes: receiving, by the electronic device, a detection result signal sent by the sensor, where the detection result signal is a signal that carries a detection value obtained by means of detection by the sensor; determining, by the electronic device according to a preset correspondence and the detection value, an action performed by a user on the electronic device or the external audio device; and controlling, by the electronic device, an execution status of an audio and video application program according to the action.1. A terminal device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor and configured to store processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the terminal device to:
receive an incoming call;
automatically answer the incoming call and output a call audio of the incoming call from a built-in earpiece of the terminal device when the terminal device is moving to a user's head, when a gesture answer function is activated, and when an intelligent call switching function is activated; and
automatically answer the incoming call and output the call audio from an external audio device coupled to the terminal device when the terminal device is moving to the user's head, when the gesture answer function is activated, and when the intelligent call switching function is not activated. 2. The terminal device of claim 1, further comprising a display configured to display an incoming call reminding interface of the incoming call. 3. The terminal device of claim 1, further comprising an optical proximity sensor configured to detect the terminal device is moving to the user's head. 4. The terminal device of claim 3, wherein the optical proximity sensor is further configured to detect that the terminal device is moving away from the user's head, and wherein the processor is further configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory to cause the terminal device further to control the output of the call audio of the incoming call from the external audio device. 5. The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory to cause the terminal device further to set a menu option for activating or inactivating the gesture answer function. 6. The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory to cause the terminal device further to:
detect that the terminal device is moving away from the user's head; and output the call audio of the incoming call from the external audio device. 7. A communications method, implemented in a terminal device connected with an external audio device, wherein the communications method comprises:
receiving a first incoming call; automatically answering the first incoming call and controlling a call audio of the first incoming call to be output from a built-in earpiece of the terminal device, wherein the terminal device is moved to a user's head, wherein a gesture answer function is activated, and wherein an intelligent call switching function is activated; receiving a second incoming call; and automatically answering the second incoming call and controlling the call audio to be output from the external audio device, wherein the terminal device is moved to the user's head, wherein the gesture answer function is activated, and wherein the intelligent call switching function is not activated. 8. The communications method of claim 7, wherein after receiving the first incoming call, the communications method further comprises displaying an incoming call reminding interface of the first incoming call. 9. The communications method of claim 7, further comprising detecting when the terminal device is moving to the user's head using an optical proximity sensor disposed on the terminal device. 10. The communications method of claim 7, further comprising setting a menu option for activating or inactivating the gesture answer function. 11. The communications method of claim 7, further comprising:
detecting that the terminal device is moving away from the user's head; and outputting the call audio of the first incoming call from the external audio device. 12. The communications method of claim 7, wherein the external audio device comprises a headset. 13. A communications method, implemented in a terminal device connected with an external audio device, wherein the communications method comprises:
receiving an incoming call; receiving a first user operation of answering the incoming call or a second user operation of clicking an answer button of the external audio device; answering the incoming call and outputting call audio from the external audio device; and automatically switching the call audio to a built-in earpiece of the terminal device and outputting the call audio from the built-in earpiece when the terminal device is moved to a user's head and when an intelligent call switching function is activated. 14. The communications method of claim 13, wherein after receiving the incoming call, the communications method further comprises displaying an incoming call reminding interface of the incoming call. 15. The communications method of claim 13, further comprising detecting when the terminal device is moving to the user's head using an optical proximity sensor disposed on the terminal device. 16. The communications method of claim 13, further comprising setting a menu option for activating or inactivating the intelligent call switching function. 17. A terminal device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor and configured to store processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the terminal device to:
receive an incoming call;
receive a first user operation of answering the incoming call or a second user operation of clicking an answer button of an external audio device;
answer the incoming call and output call audio from the external audio device; and
automatically switch the call audio to a built-in earpiece of the terminal device and output the call audio from the built-in earpiece when the terminal device is moved to a user's head and when an intelligent call switching function is activated. 18. The terminal device of claim 17, further comprising an optical proximity sensor configured to detect that the terminal device is moved to the user's head. 19. The terminal device of claim 17, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory to cause the terminal device to set a menu option for activating or inactivating the intelligent call switching function. 20. The terminal device of claim 17, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory to cause the terminal device to:
detect the terminal device is moved away from the user's head; and switch the call audio from the built-in earpiece of the terminal device to the external audio device. | 3,700 |
346,948 | 16,805,415 | 3,793 | A method for image generation, preferably including: generating a set of mission parameters for a UAV mission of the UAV associated with aerial scanning of a region of interest; controlling the UAV to perform the mission; generating an image subassembly corresponding to the mission; and/or rendering the image subassembly at a display. | 1. A method comprising:
controlling an aircraft within a geographic region comprising:
at a camera of the aircraft, capturing an image of the geographic region;
concurrently with controlling the aircraft, at a user device:
determining a set of features for the image;
determining a window of images, within a set of previous images of the geographic region, based on a terrain homogeneity, wherein the set of previous images are captured by the aircraft;
based on the window, determining a refined camera pose associated with the image and a set of feature positions, comprising:
for each feature of the set of features, determining a set of matches within the window of previous images; based on the set of matches, determining a set of estimated positions; and performing a bundle adjustment to refine the set of estimated positions. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
recording telemetry data associated with the image; and determining a relative camera pose associated with the image based on the telemetry data associated with the image. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising, at the user device, generating an orthophoto based on the set of feature positions. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising: at the user device, displaying the orthophoto in real time. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating a thermal analysis based on the set of images. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the window comprises a temporal window. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the window is determined based on telemetry data. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the window comprises a number of images restricted based on a device processing requirement. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the bundle adjustment to refine the set of estimated positions comprises minimizing a reprojection error of the set of estimated positions, wherein the reprojection error is not minimized with respect to a subset of aircraft position parameters. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the reprojection error is minimized with respect to altitude and orientation. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining the geographic region; and based on the geographic region, generating a set of mission parameters, wherein controlling the aircraft further comprises performing a mission based on the mission parameters. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
based on a set of feature positions, determining an elevation of the geographic region; and based on the elevation, dynamically adjusting an aircraft altitude. 13. A method comprising:
at a user device, receiving an aerial image from an aircraft; determining a set of features based on the aerial image; determining a sliding window of aerial images within a set of historical aerial images from the aircraft stored at the user device; for each feature of the set of features, determining a set of matches within the sliding window of aerial images; determining a set of feature positions for each feature of the set of features; and generating an orthophoto based on the set of feature positions. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the set of feature positions for each feature of the set of features comprises:
based on the set of matches, determining a set of estimated positions; and performing a bundle adjustment to refine the set of estimated positions, comprising minimizing a reprojection error of the set of estimated positions with respect to a subset of aircraft position parameters. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising at the user device, displaying the orthophoto in real time. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the sliding window comprises a temporal window. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the sliding window is determined based on telemetry data. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the sliding window comprises a number of images restricted based on a device processing requirement. 19. The method of claim 13, further comprising: generating an orthomosaic map at the user device based on the set of feature positions. 20. The method of claim 13, further comprising: generating a 3D representation of a scene captured by the set of historical aerial images. | A method for image generation, preferably including: generating a set of mission parameters for a UAV mission of the UAV associated with aerial scanning of a region of interest; controlling the UAV to perform the mission; generating an image subassembly corresponding to the mission; and/or rendering the image subassembly at a display.1. A method comprising:
controlling an aircraft within a geographic region comprising:
at a camera of the aircraft, capturing an image of the geographic region;
concurrently with controlling the aircraft, at a user device:
determining a set of features for the image;
determining a window of images, within a set of previous images of the geographic region, based on a terrain homogeneity, wherein the set of previous images are captured by the aircraft;
based on the window, determining a refined camera pose associated with the image and a set of feature positions, comprising:
for each feature of the set of features, determining a set of matches within the window of previous images; based on the set of matches, determining a set of estimated positions; and performing a bundle adjustment to refine the set of estimated positions. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
recording telemetry data associated with the image; and determining a relative camera pose associated with the image based on the telemetry data associated with the image. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising, at the user device, generating an orthophoto based on the set of feature positions. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising: at the user device, displaying the orthophoto in real time. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating a thermal analysis based on the set of images. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the window comprises a temporal window. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the window is determined based on telemetry data. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the window comprises a number of images restricted based on a device processing requirement. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the bundle adjustment to refine the set of estimated positions comprises minimizing a reprojection error of the set of estimated positions, wherein the reprojection error is not minimized with respect to a subset of aircraft position parameters. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the reprojection error is minimized with respect to altitude and orientation. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining the geographic region; and based on the geographic region, generating a set of mission parameters, wherein controlling the aircraft further comprises performing a mission based on the mission parameters. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
based on a set of feature positions, determining an elevation of the geographic region; and based on the elevation, dynamically adjusting an aircraft altitude. 13. A method comprising:
at a user device, receiving an aerial image from an aircraft; determining a set of features based on the aerial image; determining a sliding window of aerial images within a set of historical aerial images from the aircraft stored at the user device; for each feature of the set of features, determining a set of matches within the sliding window of aerial images; determining a set of feature positions for each feature of the set of features; and generating an orthophoto based on the set of feature positions. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the set of feature positions for each feature of the set of features comprises:
based on the set of matches, determining a set of estimated positions; and performing a bundle adjustment to refine the set of estimated positions, comprising minimizing a reprojection error of the set of estimated positions with respect to a subset of aircraft position parameters. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising at the user device, displaying the orthophoto in real time. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the sliding window comprises a temporal window. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the sliding window is determined based on telemetry data. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the sliding window comprises a number of images restricted based on a device processing requirement. 19. The method of claim 13, further comprising: generating an orthomosaic map at the user device based on the set of feature positions. 20. The method of claim 13, further comprising: generating a 3D representation of a scene captured by the set of historical aerial images. | 3,700 |
346,949 | 16,805,431 | 3,793 | A method for image generation, preferably including: generating a set of mission parameters for a UAV mission of the UAV associated with aerial scanning of a region of interest; controlling the UAV to perform the mission; generating an image subassembly corresponding to the mission; and/or rendering the image subassembly at a display. | 1. A method comprising:
controlling an aircraft within a geographic region comprising:
at a camera of the aircraft, capturing an image of the geographic region;
concurrently with controlling the aircraft, at a user device:
determining a set of features for the image;
determining a window of images, within a set of previous images of the geographic region, based on a terrain homogeneity, wherein the set of previous images are captured by the aircraft;
based on the window, determining a refined camera pose associated with the image and a set of feature positions, comprising:
for each feature of the set of features, determining a set of matches within the window of previous images; based on the set of matches, determining a set of estimated positions; and performing a bundle adjustment to refine the set of estimated positions. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
recording telemetry data associated with the image; and determining a relative camera pose associated with the image based on the telemetry data associated with the image. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising, at the user device, generating an orthophoto based on the set of feature positions. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising: at the user device, displaying the orthophoto in real time. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating a thermal analysis based on the set of images. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the window comprises a temporal window. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the window is determined based on telemetry data. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the window comprises a number of images restricted based on a device processing requirement. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the bundle adjustment to refine the set of estimated positions comprises minimizing a reprojection error of the set of estimated positions, wherein the reprojection error is not minimized with respect to a subset of aircraft position parameters. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the reprojection error is minimized with respect to altitude and orientation. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining the geographic region; and based on the geographic region, generating a set of mission parameters, wherein controlling the aircraft further comprises performing a mission based on the mission parameters. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
based on a set of feature positions, determining an elevation of the geographic region; and based on the elevation, dynamically adjusting an aircraft altitude. 13. A method comprising:
at a user device, receiving an aerial image from an aircraft; determining a set of features based on the aerial image; determining a sliding window of aerial images within a set of historical aerial images from the aircraft stored at the user device; for each feature of the set of features, determining a set of matches within the sliding window of aerial images; determining a set of feature positions for each feature of the set of features; and generating an orthophoto based on the set of feature positions. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the set of feature positions for each feature of the set of features comprises:
based on the set of matches, determining a set of estimated positions; and performing a bundle adjustment to refine the set of estimated positions, comprising minimizing a reprojection error of the set of estimated positions with respect to a subset of aircraft position parameters. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising at the user device, displaying the orthophoto in real time. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the sliding window comprises a temporal window. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the sliding window is determined based on telemetry data. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the sliding window comprises a number of images restricted based on a device processing requirement. 19. The method of claim 13, further comprising: generating an orthomosaic map at the user device based on the set of feature positions. 20. The method of claim 13, further comprising: generating a 3D representation of a scene captured by the set of historical aerial images. | A method for image generation, preferably including: generating a set of mission parameters for a UAV mission of the UAV associated with aerial scanning of a region of interest; controlling the UAV to perform the mission; generating an image subassembly corresponding to the mission; and/or rendering the image subassembly at a display.1. A method comprising:
controlling an aircraft within a geographic region comprising:
at a camera of the aircraft, capturing an image of the geographic region;
concurrently with controlling the aircraft, at a user device:
determining a set of features for the image;
determining a window of images, within a set of previous images of the geographic region, based on a terrain homogeneity, wherein the set of previous images are captured by the aircraft;
based on the window, determining a refined camera pose associated with the image and a set of feature positions, comprising:
for each feature of the set of features, determining a set of matches within the window of previous images; based on the set of matches, determining a set of estimated positions; and performing a bundle adjustment to refine the set of estimated positions. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
recording telemetry data associated with the image; and determining a relative camera pose associated with the image based on the telemetry data associated with the image. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising, at the user device, generating an orthophoto based on the set of feature positions. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising: at the user device, displaying the orthophoto in real time. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating a thermal analysis based on the set of images. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the window comprises a temporal window. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the window is determined based on telemetry data. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the window comprises a number of images restricted based on a device processing requirement. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the bundle adjustment to refine the set of estimated positions comprises minimizing a reprojection error of the set of estimated positions, wherein the reprojection error is not minimized with respect to a subset of aircraft position parameters. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the reprojection error is minimized with respect to altitude and orientation. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining the geographic region; and based on the geographic region, generating a set of mission parameters, wherein controlling the aircraft further comprises performing a mission based on the mission parameters. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
based on a set of feature positions, determining an elevation of the geographic region; and based on the elevation, dynamically adjusting an aircraft altitude. 13. A method comprising:
at a user device, receiving an aerial image from an aircraft; determining a set of features based on the aerial image; determining a sliding window of aerial images within a set of historical aerial images from the aircraft stored at the user device; for each feature of the set of features, determining a set of matches within the sliding window of aerial images; determining a set of feature positions for each feature of the set of features; and generating an orthophoto based on the set of feature positions. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the set of feature positions for each feature of the set of features comprises:
based on the set of matches, determining a set of estimated positions; and performing a bundle adjustment to refine the set of estimated positions, comprising minimizing a reprojection error of the set of estimated positions with respect to a subset of aircraft position parameters. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising at the user device, displaying the orthophoto in real time. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the sliding window comprises a temporal window. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the sliding window is determined based on telemetry data. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the sliding window comprises a number of images restricted based on a device processing requirement. 19. The method of claim 13, further comprising: generating an orthomosaic map at the user device based on the set of feature positions. 20. The method of claim 13, further comprising: generating a 3D representation of a scene captured by the set of historical aerial images. | 3,700 |
346,950 | 16,805,417 | 3,793 | This application discloses a dynamic time adjustment method, apparatus, and system, and pertains to the field of network communications. The method includes: determining a length of a new downstream transmission duration; updating lengths of upstream and downstream transmission durations based on the determined length of the new downstream transmission duration; and keeping silent or sending an idle symbol or another symbol with known content in a transition zone until all user-side devices complete updating of the lengths of the upstream and downstream transmission durations, where the transition zone is an additional zone of the new downstream transmission duration compared with a currently used downstream transmission duration, or an additional zone of a new upstream transmission duration compared with a currently used upstream transmission duration. | 1. A dynamic time adjustment method, wherein the method is executed by a network-side device, the network-side device comprises at least two transceivers, and the dynamic time adjustment method comprises:
obtaining, by the network-side device, a length Mds_New of a new downstream transmission duration; adjusting, by the network-side device, a length of a downstream transmission duration of a first transceiver from a length Mds_Old of a currently used downstream transmission duration to Mds_New, and adjusting a length of an upstream transmission duration of the first transceiver from a length Mus_Old of a currently used upstream transmission duration to a length Mus_New of a new upstream transmission duration, wherein the first transceiver is any one of the at least two transceivers of the network-side device, a sum of Mds_New and Mus_New is equal to a length of one transmission frame minus a length of an upstream and downstream switching duration, and the upstream and downstream switching duration is a duration spent by the first transceiver to switch from a receiving state to a sending state and switch from the sending state to the receiving state; and when Mds_New is greater than Mds_Old, keeping, by the network-side device, silent or sending at least one of an idle symbol or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the first transceiver, wherein the transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the first transceiver is an additional zone of the new downstream transmission duration compared with the currently used downstream transmission duration; or when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, receiving, by the network-side device, at least one of a quiet symbol, an idle symbol, or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the first transceiver, wherein the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the first transceiver is an additional zone of the new upstream transmission duration compared with the currently used upstream transmission duration. 2. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 1, wherein the dynamic time adjustment method further comprises:
after obtaining Mds_New, sending, by the network-side device, a first indication message to a user-side device, wherein the first indication message is configured to indicate Mds_New; wherein the first indication message is further configured to: when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, before the user-side device receives a second indication message, and when a current transmission frame is a synchronization frame, instruct to send a synchronization symbol in a first symbol in or after the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration wherein the second indication message is configured to instruct the user-side device to send a data transmission phase symbol in the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration. 3. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 2, wherein the method further comprises:
when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, lengths of downstream transmission durations of transceivers of at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mds_New, and lengths of upstream transmission durations of the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mus_New, sending, by the network-side device, the second indication message to the user-side devices, wherein the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are disposed corresponding to the at least two transceivers of the network-side device. 4. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 2, wherein the second indication message is further configured to instruct the user-side device to adjust a position of an upstream RMC symbol corresponding to the transceiver of the user-side device. 5. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
when Mds_New is greater than Mds_Old, lengths of downstream transmission durations of transceivers of at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mds_New, and lengths of upstream transmission durations of the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mus_New, sending, by the network-side device, a data transmission phase symbol in the transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration, wherein the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are disposed corresponding to the at least two transceivers of the network-side device. 6. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
when receiving an online request sent by the user-side device, sending, by the network-side device, a default length and a first identifier of the downstream transmission duration to the user-side device during handshake, wherein the first identifier is configured to indicate a value of a difference between Mds_Old and the default length of the downstream transmission duration. 7. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
when receiving a fast retraining request sent by the user-side device, sending, by the network-side device, a length and a second identifier of the downstream transmission duration during previous initialization to the corresponding user-side device, wherein the second identifier is configured to indicate a value of a difference between Mds_Old and the length of the downstream transmission duration during the previous initialization of the user-side device. 8. A dynamic time adjustment method, wherein the dynamic time adjustment method comprises:
obtaining, by a user-side device, a length Mds_New of a new downstream transmission duration; adjusting, by a user-side device, a length of a downstream transmission duration of a transceiver of the user-side device from a length Mds_Old of a currently used downstream transmission duration to Mds_New, and adjusting a length of an upstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device from a length Mus_Old of a currently used upstream transmission duration to a length Mus_New of a new upstream transmission duration, wherein a sum of Mds_New and Mus_New is equal to a length of one transmission frame minus a length of an upstream and downstream switching duration, and the upstream and downstream switching duration is a duration spent by the transceiver of the user-side device to switch from a receiving state to a sending state and switch from the sending state to the receiving state; and when Mds_New is greater than Mds_Old, receiving, by the user-side device, at least one of a quiet symbol, an idle symbol, or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device, wherein the transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device is an additional zone of the new downstream transmission duration compared with the currently used downstream transmission duration; or when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, keeping, by the user-side device, silent or sending at least one of an idle symbol or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device, wherein the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device is an additional zone of the new upstream transmission duration compared with the currently used upstream transmission duration. 9. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 8, wherein the obtaining, by a user-side device, a length of a new downstream transmission duration comprises:
receiving, by the user-side device, a first indication message sent by a network-side device, wherein the first indication message is configured to indicate Mds_New; and the method further comprises: before the user-side device receives a second indication message and when a current transmission frame is a synchronization frame, determining, by the user-side device according to the first indication message, a position for sending a synchronization symbol, wherein the first indication message is further configured to: when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, before the user-side device receives the second indication message, and when the current transmission frame is a synchronization frame, instruct to send the synchronization symbol in or after a first symbol in the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration; and the second indication message is configured to instruct the user-side device to send a data transmission phase symbol in the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration. 10. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 9, wherein the method further comprises:
when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, receiving, by the user-side device, the second indication message sent by the network-side device. 11. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 8, wherein the dynamic time adjustment method further comprises:
receiving, by the user-side device, a default length and a first identifier of the downstream transmission duration that are sent by the network-side device, and calculating Mds_Old based on the default length and the first identifier of the downstream transmission duration, wherein the first identifier is configured to indicate a value of a difference between Mds_Old and the default length of the downstream transmission duration; and setting, by the user-side device, a length of the downstream transmission duration and a length of the upstream transmission duration based on Mds_Old during initialization. 12. A dynamic time adjustment apparatus, wherein the dynamic time adjustment apparatus comprises:
a processor; a communications interface; and a computer readable storage medium storing a plurality of processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor and the communications interface to perform operations comprising: obtaining a length Mds_New of a new downstream transmission duration; adjusting a length of a downstream transmission duration of a first transceiver from a length Mds_Old of a currently used downstream transmission duration to Mds_New, and adjust a length of an upstream transmission duration of the first transceiver from a length Mus_Old of a currently used upstream transmission duration to a length Mus_New of a new upstream transmission duration, wherein the first transceiver is any one of at least two transceivers of a network-side device, a sum of Mds_New and Mus_New is equal to a length of one transmission frame minus a length of an upstream and downstream switching duration, and the upstream and downstream switching duration is a duration spent by the first transceiver to switch from a receiving state to a sending state and switch from the sending state to the receiving state; and when Mds_New is greater than Mds_Old, keeping silent or sending at least one of an idle symbol or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the first transceiver, wherein the transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the first transceiver is an additional zone of the new downstream transmission duration compared with the currently used downstream transmission duration; or when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, receiving at least one of a quiet symbol, an idle symbol, or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the first transceiver, wherein the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the first transceiver is an additional zone of the new upstream transmission duration compared with the currently used upstream transmission duration. 13. The dynamic time adjustment apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the operations further comprising, after obtaining Mds_New, sending a first indication message to a user-side device, wherein the first indication message is configured to indicate Mds_New; wherein
the first indication message is further configured to: when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, before the user-side device receives a second indication message, and when a current transmission frame is a synchronization frame, instruct to send a synchronization symbol in a first symbol in or after the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration, wherein the second indication message is configured to instruct the user-side device to send a data transmission phase symbol in the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration. 14. The dynamic time adjustment apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the operations further comprising: when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, lengths of downstream transmission durations of transceivers of at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mds_New, and lengths of upstream transmission durations of the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mus_New, sending the second indication message to the user-side devices, wherein the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are disposed corresponding to the at least two transceivers of the network-side device. 15. The dynamic time adjustment apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the operations further comprising: when Mds_New is greater than Mds_Old, lengths of downstream transmission durations of transceivers of at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mds_New, and lengths of upstream transmission durations of the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mus_New, sending a data transmission phase symbol in the transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration, wherein the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are disposed corresponding to the at least two transceivers of the network-side device. 16. The dynamic time adjustment apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the operations further comprising: when receiving an online request, sending a default length and a first identifier of the downstream transmission duration to the user-side device during handshake, wherein the first identifier is configured to indicate a value of a difference between Mds_Old and the default length of the downstream transmission duration. 17. The dynamic time adjustment apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the operations further comprising: when receiving a fast retraining request sent by the user-side device, sending a length and a second identifier of the downstream transmission duration during previous initialization to the corresponding user-side device, wherein the second identifier is configured to indicate a value of a difference between Mds_Old and the length of the downstream transmission duration during the previous initialization of the user-side device. 18. A dynamic time adjustment apparatus, wherein the dynamic time adjustment apparatus comprises:
a processor; a communications interface; and a computer readable storage medium storing a plurality of processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor and the communications interface to perform operations comprising: obtaining a length Mds_New of a new downstream transmission duration; adjusting a length of a downstream transmission duration of a transceiver of a user-side device from a length Mds_Old of a currently used downstream transmission duration to Mds_New, and adjust a length of an upstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device from a length Mus_Old of a currently used upstream transmission duration to a length Mus_New of a new upstream transmission duration, wherein a sum of Mds_New and Mus_New is equal to a length of one transmission frame minus a length of an upstream and downstream switching duration, and the upstream and downstream switching duration is a duration spent by the transceiver of the user-side device to switch from a receiving state to a sending state and switch from the sending state to the receiving state; and when Mds_New is greater than Mds_Old, receiving at least one of a quiet symbol, an idle symbol, or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device, wherein the transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device is an additional zone of the new downstream transmission duration compared with the currently used downstream transmission duration; or when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, keeping silent or send at least one of an idle symbol or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device, wherein the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device is an additional zone of the new upstream transmission duration compared with the currently used upstream transmission duration. 19. The dynamic time adjustment apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the operations further comprising receiving a first indication message sent by a network-side device, wherein the first indication message is configured to indicate the length of the new downstream transmission duration;
obtaining the length of the new downstream transmission duration according to the first indication message; and before receiving a second indication message and when a current transmission frame is a synchronization frame, determining, according to the first indication message, a position for sending a synchronization symbol, wherein the first indication message is further configured to: when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, before the user-side device receives the second indication message, and when the current transmission frame is a synchronization frame, instruct to send the synchronization symbol in or after a first symbol in the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration; and the second indication message is configured to instruct the user-side device to send a data transmission phase symbol in the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration. 20. The dynamic time adjustment apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the operations further comprising receiving a default length and a first identifier of the downstream transmission duration that are sent by the network-side device, wherein the first identifier is configured to indicate a value of a difference between Mds_Old and the default length of the downstream transmission duration; and
calculating Mds_Old based on the default length and the first identifier of the downstream transmission duration, and set a length of the downstream transmission duration and a length of the upstream transmission duration based on Mds_Old during initialization. | This application discloses a dynamic time adjustment method, apparatus, and system, and pertains to the field of network communications. The method includes: determining a length of a new downstream transmission duration; updating lengths of upstream and downstream transmission durations based on the determined length of the new downstream transmission duration; and keeping silent or sending an idle symbol or another symbol with known content in a transition zone until all user-side devices complete updating of the lengths of the upstream and downstream transmission durations, where the transition zone is an additional zone of the new downstream transmission duration compared with a currently used downstream transmission duration, or an additional zone of a new upstream transmission duration compared with a currently used upstream transmission duration.1. A dynamic time adjustment method, wherein the method is executed by a network-side device, the network-side device comprises at least two transceivers, and the dynamic time adjustment method comprises:
obtaining, by the network-side device, a length Mds_New of a new downstream transmission duration; adjusting, by the network-side device, a length of a downstream transmission duration of a first transceiver from a length Mds_Old of a currently used downstream transmission duration to Mds_New, and adjusting a length of an upstream transmission duration of the first transceiver from a length Mus_Old of a currently used upstream transmission duration to a length Mus_New of a new upstream transmission duration, wherein the first transceiver is any one of the at least two transceivers of the network-side device, a sum of Mds_New and Mus_New is equal to a length of one transmission frame minus a length of an upstream and downstream switching duration, and the upstream and downstream switching duration is a duration spent by the first transceiver to switch from a receiving state to a sending state and switch from the sending state to the receiving state; and when Mds_New is greater than Mds_Old, keeping, by the network-side device, silent or sending at least one of an idle symbol or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the first transceiver, wherein the transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the first transceiver is an additional zone of the new downstream transmission duration compared with the currently used downstream transmission duration; or when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, receiving, by the network-side device, at least one of a quiet symbol, an idle symbol, or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the first transceiver, wherein the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the first transceiver is an additional zone of the new upstream transmission duration compared with the currently used upstream transmission duration. 2. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 1, wherein the dynamic time adjustment method further comprises:
after obtaining Mds_New, sending, by the network-side device, a first indication message to a user-side device, wherein the first indication message is configured to indicate Mds_New; wherein the first indication message is further configured to: when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, before the user-side device receives a second indication message, and when a current transmission frame is a synchronization frame, instruct to send a synchronization symbol in a first symbol in or after the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration wherein the second indication message is configured to instruct the user-side device to send a data transmission phase symbol in the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration. 3. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 2, wherein the method further comprises:
when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, lengths of downstream transmission durations of transceivers of at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mds_New, and lengths of upstream transmission durations of the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mus_New, sending, by the network-side device, the second indication message to the user-side devices, wherein the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are disposed corresponding to the at least two transceivers of the network-side device. 4. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 2, wherein the second indication message is further configured to instruct the user-side device to adjust a position of an upstream RMC symbol corresponding to the transceiver of the user-side device. 5. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
when Mds_New is greater than Mds_Old, lengths of downstream transmission durations of transceivers of at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mds_New, and lengths of upstream transmission durations of the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mus_New, sending, by the network-side device, a data transmission phase symbol in the transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration, wherein the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are disposed corresponding to the at least two transceivers of the network-side device. 6. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
when receiving an online request sent by the user-side device, sending, by the network-side device, a default length and a first identifier of the downstream transmission duration to the user-side device during handshake, wherein the first identifier is configured to indicate a value of a difference between Mds_Old and the default length of the downstream transmission duration. 7. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
when receiving a fast retraining request sent by the user-side device, sending, by the network-side device, a length and a second identifier of the downstream transmission duration during previous initialization to the corresponding user-side device, wherein the second identifier is configured to indicate a value of a difference between Mds_Old and the length of the downstream transmission duration during the previous initialization of the user-side device. 8. A dynamic time adjustment method, wherein the dynamic time adjustment method comprises:
obtaining, by a user-side device, a length Mds_New of a new downstream transmission duration; adjusting, by a user-side device, a length of a downstream transmission duration of a transceiver of the user-side device from a length Mds_Old of a currently used downstream transmission duration to Mds_New, and adjusting a length of an upstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device from a length Mus_Old of a currently used upstream transmission duration to a length Mus_New of a new upstream transmission duration, wherein a sum of Mds_New and Mus_New is equal to a length of one transmission frame minus a length of an upstream and downstream switching duration, and the upstream and downstream switching duration is a duration spent by the transceiver of the user-side device to switch from a receiving state to a sending state and switch from the sending state to the receiving state; and when Mds_New is greater than Mds_Old, receiving, by the user-side device, at least one of a quiet symbol, an idle symbol, or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device, wherein the transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device is an additional zone of the new downstream transmission duration compared with the currently used downstream transmission duration; or when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, keeping, by the user-side device, silent or sending at least one of an idle symbol or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device, wherein the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device is an additional zone of the new upstream transmission duration compared with the currently used upstream transmission duration. 9. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 8, wherein the obtaining, by a user-side device, a length of a new downstream transmission duration comprises:
receiving, by the user-side device, a first indication message sent by a network-side device, wherein the first indication message is configured to indicate Mds_New; and the method further comprises: before the user-side device receives a second indication message and when a current transmission frame is a synchronization frame, determining, by the user-side device according to the first indication message, a position for sending a synchronization symbol, wherein the first indication message is further configured to: when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, before the user-side device receives the second indication message, and when the current transmission frame is a synchronization frame, instruct to send the synchronization symbol in or after a first symbol in the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration; and the second indication message is configured to instruct the user-side device to send a data transmission phase symbol in the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration. 10. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 9, wherein the method further comprises:
when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, receiving, by the user-side device, the second indication message sent by the network-side device. 11. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 8, wherein the dynamic time adjustment method further comprises:
receiving, by the user-side device, a default length and a first identifier of the downstream transmission duration that are sent by the network-side device, and calculating Mds_Old based on the default length and the first identifier of the downstream transmission duration, wherein the first identifier is configured to indicate a value of a difference between Mds_Old and the default length of the downstream transmission duration; and setting, by the user-side device, a length of the downstream transmission duration and a length of the upstream transmission duration based on Mds_Old during initialization. 12. A dynamic time adjustment apparatus, wherein the dynamic time adjustment apparatus comprises:
a processor; a communications interface; and a computer readable storage medium storing a plurality of processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor and the communications interface to perform operations comprising: obtaining a length Mds_New of a new downstream transmission duration; adjusting a length of a downstream transmission duration of a first transceiver from a length Mds_Old of a currently used downstream transmission duration to Mds_New, and adjust a length of an upstream transmission duration of the first transceiver from a length Mus_Old of a currently used upstream transmission duration to a length Mus_New of a new upstream transmission duration, wherein the first transceiver is any one of at least two transceivers of a network-side device, a sum of Mds_New and Mus_New is equal to a length of one transmission frame minus a length of an upstream and downstream switching duration, and the upstream and downstream switching duration is a duration spent by the first transceiver to switch from a receiving state to a sending state and switch from the sending state to the receiving state; and when Mds_New is greater than Mds_Old, keeping silent or sending at least one of an idle symbol or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the first transceiver, wherein the transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the first transceiver is an additional zone of the new downstream transmission duration compared with the currently used downstream transmission duration; or when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, receiving at least one of a quiet symbol, an idle symbol, or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the first transceiver, wherein the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the first transceiver is an additional zone of the new upstream transmission duration compared with the currently used upstream transmission duration. 13. The dynamic time adjustment apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the operations further comprising, after obtaining Mds_New, sending a first indication message to a user-side device, wherein the first indication message is configured to indicate Mds_New; wherein
the first indication message is further configured to: when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, before the user-side device receives a second indication message, and when a current transmission frame is a synchronization frame, instruct to send a synchronization symbol in a first symbol in or after the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration, wherein the second indication message is configured to instruct the user-side device to send a data transmission phase symbol in the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration. 14. The dynamic time adjustment apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the operations further comprising: when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, lengths of downstream transmission durations of transceivers of at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mds_New, and lengths of upstream transmission durations of the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mus_New, sending the second indication message to the user-side devices, wherein the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are disposed corresponding to the at least two transceivers of the network-side device. 15. The dynamic time adjustment apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the operations further comprising: when Mds_New is greater than Mds_Old, lengths of downstream transmission durations of transceivers of at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mds_New, and lengths of upstream transmission durations of the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mus_New, sending a data transmission phase symbol in the transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration, wherein the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are disposed corresponding to the at least two transceivers of the network-side device. 16. The dynamic time adjustment apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the operations further comprising: when receiving an online request, sending a default length and a first identifier of the downstream transmission duration to the user-side device during handshake, wherein the first identifier is configured to indicate a value of a difference between Mds_Old and the default length of the downstream transmission duration. 17. The dynamic time adjustment apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the operations further comprising: when receiving a fast retraining request sent by the user-side device, sending a length and a second identifier of the downstream transmission duration during previous initialization to the corresponding user-side device, wherein the second identifier is configured to indicate a value of a difference between Mds_Old and the length of the downstream transmission duration during the previous initialization of the user-side device. 18. A dynamic time adjustment apparatus, wherein the dynamic time adjustment apparatus comprises:
a processor; a communications interface; and a computer readable storage medium storing a plurality of processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor and the communications interface to perform operations comprising: obtaining a length Mds_New of a new downstream transmission duration; adjusting a length of a downstream transmission duration of a transceiver of a user-side device from a length Mds_Old of a currently used downstream transmission duration to Mds_New, and adjust a length of an upstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device from a length Mus_Old of a currently used upstream transmission duration to a length Mus_New of a new upstream transmission duration, wherein a sum of Mds_New and Mus_New is equal to a length of one transmission frame minus a length of an upstream and downstream switching duration, and the upstream and downstream switching duration is a duration spent by the transceiver of the user-side device to switch from a receiving state to a sending state and switch from the sending state to the receiving state; and when Mds_New is greater than Mds_Old, receiving at least one of a quiet symbol, an idle symbol, or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device, wherein the transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device is an additional zone of the new downstream transmission duration compared with the currently used downstream transmission duration; or when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, keeping silent or send at least one of an idle symbol or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device, wherein the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device is an additional zone of the new upstream transmission duration compared with the currently used upstream transmission duration. 19. The dynamic time adjustment apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the operations further comprising receiving a first indication message sent by a network-side device, wherein the first indication message is configured to indicate the length of the new downstream transmission duration;
obtaining the length of the new downstream transmission duration according to the first indication message; and before receiving a second indication message and when a current transmission frame is a synchronization frame, determining, according to the first indication message, a position for sending a synchronization symbol, wherein the first indication message is further configured to: when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, before the user-side device receives the second indication message, and when the current transmission frame is a synchronization frame, instruct to send the synchronization symbol in or after a first symbol in the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration; and the second indication message is configured to instruct the user-side device to send a data transmission phase symbol in the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration. 20. The dynamic time adjustment apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the operations further comprising receiving a default length and a first identifier of the downstream transmission duration that are sent by the network-side device, wherein the first identifier is configured to indicate a value of a difference between Mds_Old and the default length of the downstream transmission duration; and
calculating Mds_Old based on the default length and the first identifier of the downstream transmission duration, and set a length of the downstream transmission duration and a length of the upstream transmission duration based on Mds_Old during initialization. | 3,700 |
346,951 | 16,805,406 | 3,793 | This application discloses a dynamic time adjustment method, apparatus, and system, and pertains to the field of network communications. The method includes: determining a length of a new downstream transmission duration; updating lengths of upstream and downstream transmission durations based on the determined length of the new downstream transmission duration; and keeping silent or sending an idle symbol or another symbol with known content in a transition zone until all user-side devices complete updating of the lengths of the upstream and downstream transmission durations, where the transition zone is an additional zone of the new downstream transmission duration compared with a currently used downstream transmission duration, or an additional zone of a new upstream transmission duration compared with a currently used upstream transmission duration. | 1. A dynamic time adjustment method, wherein the method is executed by a network-side device, the network-side device comprises at least two transceivers, and the dynamic time adjustment method comprises:
obtaining, by the network-side device, a length Mds_New of a new downstream transmission duration; adjusting, by the network-side device, a length of a downstream transmission duration of a first transceiver from a length Mds_Old of a currently used downstream transmission duration to Mds_New, and adjusting a length of an upstream transmission duration of the first transceiver from a length Mus_Old of a currently used upstream transmission duration to a length Mus_New of a new upstream transmission duration, wherein the first transceiver is any one of the at least two transceivers of the network-side device, a sum of Mds_New and Mus_New is equal to a length of one transmission frame minus a length of an upstream and downstream switching duration, and the upstream and downstream switching duration is a duration spent by the first transceiver to switch from a receiving state to a sending state and switch from the sending state to the receiving state; and when Mds_New is greater than Mds_Old, keeping, by the network-side device, silent or sending at least one of an idle symbol or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the first transceiver, wherein the transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the first transceiver is an additional zone of the new downstream transmission duration compared with the currently used downstream transmission duration; or when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, receiving, by the network-side device, at least one of a quiet symbol, an idle symbol, or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the first transceiver, wherein the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the first transceiver is an additional zone of the new upstream transmission duration compared with the currently used upstream transmission duration. 2. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 1, wherein the dynamic time adjustment method further comprises:
after obtaining Mds_New, sending, by the network-side device, a first indication message to a user-side device, wherein the first indication message is configured to indicate Mds_New; wherein the first indication message is further configured to: when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, before the user-side device receives a second indication message, and when a current transmission frame is a synchronization frame, instruct to send a synchronization symbol in a first symbol in or after the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration wherein the second indication message is configured to instruct the user-side device to send a data transmission phase symbol in the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration. 3. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 2, wherein the method further comprises:
when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, lengths of downstream transmission durations of transceivers of at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mds_New, and lengths of upstream transmission durations of the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mus_New, sending, by the network-side device, the second indication message to the user-side devices, wherein the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are disposed corresponding to the at least two transceivers of the network-side device. 4. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 2, wherein the second indication message is further configured to instruct the user-side device to adjust a position of an upstream RMC symbol corresponding to the transceiver of the user-side device. 5. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
when Mds_New is greater than Mds_Old, lengths of downstream transmission durations of transceivers of at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mds_New, and lengths of upstream transmission durations of the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mus_New, sending, by the network-side device, a data transmission phase symbol in the transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration, wherein the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are disposed corresponding to the at least two transceivers of the network-side device. 6. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
when receiving an online request sent by the user-side device, sending, by the network-side device, a default length and a first identifier of the downstream transmission duration to the user-side device during handshake, wherein the first identifier is configured to indicate a value of a difference between Mds_Old and the default length of the downstream transmission duration. 7. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
when receiving a fast retraining request sent by the user-side device, sending, by the network-side device, a length and a second identifier of the downstream transmission duration during previous initialization to the corresponding user-side device, wherein the second identifier is configured to indicate a value of a difference between Mds_Old and the length of the downstream transmission duration during the previous initialization of the user-side device. 8. A dynamic time adjustment method, wherein the dynamic time adjustment method comprises:
obtaining, by a user-side device, a length Mds_New of a new downstream transmission duration; adjusting, by a user-side device, a length of a downstream transmission duration of a transceiver of the user-side device from a length Mds_Old of a currently used downstream transmission duration to Mds_New, and adjusting a length of an upstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device from a length Mus_Old of a currently used upstream transmission duration to a length Mus_New of a new upstream transmission duration, wherein a sum of Mds_New and Mus_New is equal to a length of one transmission frame minus a length of an upstream and downstream switching duration, and the upstream and downstream switching duration is a duration spent by the transceiver of the user-side device to switch from a receiving state to a sending state and switch from the sending state to the receiving state; and when Mds_New is greater than Mds_Old, receiving, by the user-side device, at least one of a quiet symbol, an idle symbol, or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device, wherein the transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device is an additional zone of the new downstream transmission duration compared with the currently used downstream transmission duration; or when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, keeping, by the user-side device, silent or sending at least one of an idle symbol or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device, wherein the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device is an additional zone of the new upstream transmission duration compared with the currently used upstream transmission duration. 9. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 8, wherein the obtaining, by a user-side device, a length of a new downstream transmission duration comprises:
receiving, by the user-side device, a first indication message sent by a network-side device, wherein the first indication message is configured to indicate Mds_New; and the method further comprises: before the user-side device receives a second indication message and when a current transmission frame is a synchronization frame, determining, by the user-side device according to the first indication message, a position for sending a synchronization symbol, wherein the first indication message is further configured to: when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, before the user-side device receives the second indication message, and when the current transmission frame is a synchronization frame, instruct to send the synchronization symbol in or after a first symbol in the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration; and the second indication message is configured to instruct the user-side device to send a data transmission phase symbol in the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration. 10. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 9, wherein the method further comprises:
when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, receiving, by the user-side device, the second indication message sent by the network-side device. 11. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 8, wherein the dynamic time adjustment method further comprises:
receiving, by the user-side device, a default length and a first identifier of the downstream transmission duration that are sent by the network-side device, and calculating Mds_Old based on the default length and the first identifier of the downstream transmission duration, wherein the first identifier is configured to indicate a value of a difference between Mds_Old and the default length of the downstream transmission duration; and setting, by the user-side device, a length of the downstream transmission duration and a length of the upstream transmission duration based on Mds_Old during initialization. 12. A dynamic time adjustment apparatus, wherein the dynamic time adjustment apparatus comprises:
a processor; a communications interface; and a computer readable storage medium storing a plurality of processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor and the communications interface to perform operations comprising: obtaining a length Mds_New of a new downstream transmission duration; adjusting a length of a downstream transmission duration of a first transceiver from a length Mds_Old of a currently used downstream transmission duration to Mds_New, and adjust a length of an upstream transmission duration of the first transceiver from a length Mus_Old of a currently used upstream transmission duration to a length Mus_New of a new upstream transmission duration, wherein the first transceiver is any one of at least two transceivers of a network-side device, a sum of Mds_New and Mus_New is equal to a length of one transmission frame minus a length of an upstream and downstream switching duration, and the upstream and downstream switching duration is a duration spent by the first transceiver to switch from a receiving state to a sending state and switch from the sending state to the receiving state; and when Mds_New is greater than Mds_Old, keeping silent or sending at least one of an idle symbol or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the first transceiver, wherein the transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the first transceiver is an additional zone of the new downstream transmission duration compared with the currently used downstream transmission duration; or when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, receiving at least one of a quiet symbol, an idle symbol, or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the first transceiver, wherein the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the first transceiver is an additional zone of the new upstream transmission duration compared with the currently used upstream transmission duration. 13. The dynamic time adjustment apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the operations further comprising, after obtaining Mds_New, sending a first indication message to a user-side device, wherein the first indication message is configured to indicate Mds_New; wherein
the first indication message is further configured to: when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, before the user-side device receives a second indication message, and when a current transmission frame is a synchronization frame, instruct to send a synchronization symbol in a first symbol in or after the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration, wherein the second indication message is configured to instruct the user-side device to send a data transmission phase symbol in the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration. 14. The dynamic time adjustment apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the operations further comprising: when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, lengths of downstream transmission durations of transceivers of at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mds_New, and lengths of upstream transmission durations of the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mus_New, sending the second indication message to the user-side devices, wherein the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are disposed corresponding to the at least two transceivers of the network-side device. 15. The dynamic time adjustment apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the operations further comprising: when Mds_New is greater than Mds_Old, lengths of downstream transmission durations of transceivers of at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mds_New, and lengths of upstream transmission durations of the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mus_New, sending a data transmission phase symbol in the transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration, wherein the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are disposed corresponding to the at least two transceivers of the network-side device. 16. The dynamic time adjustment apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the operations further comprising: when receiving an online request, sending a default length and a first identifier of the downstream transmission duration to the user-side device during handshake, wherein the first identifier is configured to indicate a value of a difference between Mds_Old and the default length of the downstream transmission duration. 17. The dynamic time adjustment apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the operations further comprising: when receiving a fast retraining request sent by the user-side device, sending a length and a second identifier of the downstream transmission duration during previous initialization to the corresponding user-side device, wherein the second identifier is configured to indicate a value of a difference between Mds_Old and the length of the downstream transmission duration during the previous initialization of the user-side device. 18. A dynamic time adjustment apparatus, wherein the dynamic time adjustment apparatus comprises:
a processor; a communications interface; and a computer readable storage medium storing a plurality of processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor and the communications interface to perform operations comprising: obtaining a length Mds_New of a new downstream transmission duration; adjusting a length of a downstream transmission duration of a transceiver of a user-side device from a length Mds_Old of a currently used downstream transmission duration to Mds_New, and adjust a length of an upstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device from a length Mus_Old of a currently used upstream transmission duration to a length Mus_New of a new upstream transmission duration, wherein a sum of Mds_New and Mus_New is equal to a length of one transmission frame minus a length of an upstream and downstream switching duration, and the upstream and downstream switching duration is a duration spent by the transceiver of the user-side device to switch from a receiving state to a sending state and switch from the sending state to the receiving state; and when Mds_New is greater than Mds_Old, receiving at least one of a quiet symbol, an idle symbol, or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device, wherein the transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device is an additional zone of the new downstream transmission duration compared with the currently used downstream transmission duration; or when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, keeping silent or send at least one of an idle symbol or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device, wherein the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device is an additional zone of the new upstream transmission duration compared with the currently used upstream transmission duration. 19. The dynamic time adjustment apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the operations further comprising receiving a first indication message sent by a network-side device, wherein the first indication message is configured to indicate the length of the new downstream transmission duration;
obtaining the length of the new downstream transmission duration according to the first indication message; and before receiving a second indication message and when a current transmission frame is a synchronization frame, determining, according to the first indication message, a position for sending a synchronization symbol, wherein the first indication message is further configured to: when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, before the user-side device receives the second indication message, and when the current transmission frame is a synchronization frame, instruct to send the synchronization symbol in or after a first symbol in the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration; and the second indication message is configured to instruct the user-side device to send a data transmission phase symbol in the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration. 20. The dynamic time adjustment apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the operations further comprising receiving a default length and a first identifier of the downstream transmission duration that are sent by the network-side device, wherein the first identifier is configured to indicate a value of a difference between Mds_Old and the default length of the downstream transmission duration; and
calculating Mds_Old based on the default length and the first identifier of the downstream transmission duration, and set a length of the downstream transmission duration and a length of the upstream transmission duration based on Mds_Old during initialization. | This application discloses a dynamic time adjustment method, apparatus, and system, and pertains to the field of network communications. The method includes: determining a length of a new downstream transmission duration; updating lengths of upstream and downstream transmission durations based on the determined length of the new downstream transmission duration; and keeping silent or sending an idle symbol or another symbol with known content in a transition zone until all user-side devices complete updating of the lengths of the upstream and downstream transmission durations, where the transition zone is an additional zone of the new downstream transmission duration compared with a currently used downstream transmission duration, or an additional zone of a new upstream transmission duration compared with a currently used upstream transmission duration.1. A dynamic time adjustment method, wherein the method is executed by a network-side device, the network-side device comprises at least two transceivers, and the dynamic time adjustment method comprises:
obtaining, by the network-side device, a length Mds_New of a new downstream transmission duration; adjusting, by the network-side device, a length of a downstream transmission duration of a first transceiver from a length Mds_Old of a currently used downstream transmission duration to Mds_New, and adjusting a length of an upstream transmission duration of the first transceiver from a length Mus_Old of a currently used upstream transmission duration to a length Mus_New of a new upstream transmission duration, wherein the first transceiver is any one of the at least two transceivers of the network-side device, a sum of Mds_New and Mus_New is equal to a length of one transmission frame minus a length of an upstream and downstream switching duration, and the upstream and downstream switching duration is a duration spent by the first transceiver to switch from a receiving state to a sending state and switch from the sending state to the receiving state; and when Mds_New is greater than Mds_Old, keeping, by the network-side device, silent or sending at least one of an idle symbol or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the first transceiver, wherein the transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the first transceiver is an additional zone of the new downstream transmission duration compared with the currently used downstream transmission duration; or when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, receiving, by the network-side device, at least one of a quiet symbol, an idle symbol, or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the first transceiver, wherein the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the first transceiver is an additional zone of the new upstream transmission duration compared with the currently used upstream transmission duration. 2. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 1, wherein the dynamic time adjustment method further comprises:
after obtaining Mds_New, sending, by the network-side device, a first indication message to a user-side device, wherein the first indication message is configured to indicate Mds_New; wherein the first indication message is further configured to: when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, before the user-side device receives a second indication message, and when a current transmission frame is a synchronization frame, instruct to send a synchronization symbol in a first symbol in or after the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration wherein the second indication message is configured to instruct the user-side device to send a data transmission phase symbol in the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration. 3. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 2, wherein the method further comprises:
when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, lengths of downstream transmission durations of transceivers of at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mds_New, and lengths of upstream transmission durations of the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mus_New, sending, by the network-side device, the second indication message to the user-side devices, wherein the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are disposed corresponding to the at least two transceivers of the network-side device. 4. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 2, wherein the second indication message is further configured to instruct the user-side device to adjust a position of an upstream RMC symbol corresponding to the transceiver of the user-side device. 5. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
when Mds_New is greater than Mds_Old, lengths of downstream transmission durations of transceivers of at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mds_New, and lengths of upstream transmission durations of the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mus_New, sending, by the network-side device, a data transmission phase symbol in the transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration, wherein the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are disposed corresponding to the at least two transceivers of the network-side device. 6. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
when receiving an online request sent by the user-side device, sending, by the network-side device, a default length and a first identifier of the downstream transmission duration to the user-side device during handshake, wherein the first identifier is configured to indicate a value of a difference between Mds_Old and the default length of the downstream transmission duration. 7. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
when receiving a fast retraining request sent by the user-side device, sending, by the network-side device, a length and a second identifier of the downstream transmission duration during previous initialization to the corresponding user-side device, wherein the second identifier is configured to indicate a value of a difference between Mds_Old and the length of the downstream transmission duration during the previous initialization of the user-side device. 8. A dynamic time adjustment method, wherein the dynamic time adjustment method comprises:
obtaining, by a user-side device, a length Mds_New of a new downstream transmission duration; adjusting, by a user-side device, a length of a downstream transmission duration of a transceiver of the user-side device from a length Mds_Old of a currently used downstream transmission duration to Mds_New, and adjusting a length of an upstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device from a length Mus_Old of a currently used upstream transmission duration to a length Mus_New of a new upstream transmission duration, wherein a sum of Mds_New and Mus_New is equal to a length of one transmission frame minus a length of an upstream and downstream switching duration, and the upstream and downstream switching duration is a duration spent by the transceiver of the user-side device to switch from a receiving state to a sending state and switch from the sending state to the receiving state; and when Mds_New is greater than Mds_Old, receiving, by the user-side device, at least one of a quiet symbol, an idle symbol, or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device, wherein the transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device is an additional zone of the new downstream transmission duration compared with the currently used downstream transmission duration; or when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, keeping, by the user-side device, silent or sending at least one of an idle symbol or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device, wherein the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device is an additional zone of the new upstream transmission duration compared with the currently used upstream transmission duration. 9. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 8, wherein the obtaining, by a user-side device, a length of a new downstream transmission duration comprises:
receiving, by the user-side device, a first indication message sent by a network-side device, wherein the first indication message is configured to indicate Mds_New; and the method further comprises: before the user-side device receives a second indication message and when a current transmission frame is a synchronization frame, determining, by the user-side device according to the first indication message, a position for sending a synchronization symbol, wherein the first indication message is further configured to: when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, before the user-side device receives the second indication message, and when the current transmission frame is a synchronization frame, instruct to send the synchronization symbol in or after a first symbol in the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration; and the second indication message is configured to instruct the user-side device to send a data transmission phase symbol in the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration. 10. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 9, wherein the method further comprises:
when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, receiving, by the user-side device, the second indication message sent by the network-side device. 11. The dynamic time adjustment method according to claim 8, wherein the dynamic time adjustment method further comprises:
receiving, by the user-side device, a default length and a first identifier of the downstream transmission duration that are sent by the network-side device, and calculating Mds_Old based on the default length and the first identifier of the downstream transmission duration, wherein the first identifier is configured to indicate a value of a difference between Mds_Old and the default length of the downstream transmission duration; and setting, by the user-side device, a length of the downstream transmission duration and a length of the upstream transmission duration based on Mds_Old during initialization. 12. A dynamic time adjustment apparatus, wherein the dynamic time adjustment apparatus comprises:
a processor; a communications interface; and a computer readable storage medium storing a plurality of processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor and the communications interface to perform operations comprising: obtaining a length Mds_New of a new downstream transmission duration; adjusting a length of a downstream transmission duration of a first transceiver from a length Mds_Old of a currently used downstream transmission duration to Mds_New, and adjust a length of an upstream transmission duration of the first transceiver from a length Mus_Old of a currently used upstream transmission duration to a length Mus_New of a new upstream transmission duration, wherein the first transceiver is any one of at least two transceivers of a network-side device, a sum of Mds_New and Mus_New is equal to a length of one transmission frame minus a length of an upstream and downstream switching duration, and the upstream and downstream switching duration is a duration spent by the first transceiver to switch from a receiving state to a sending state and switch from the sending state to the receiving state; and when Mds_New is greater than Mds_Old, keeping silent or sending at least one of an idle symbol or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the first transceiver, wherein the transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the first transceiver is an additional zone of the new downstream transmission duration compared with the currently used downstream transmission duration; or when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, receiving at least one of a quiet symbol, an idle symbol, or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the first transceiver, wherein the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the first transceiver is an additional zone of the new upstream transmission duration compared with the currently used upstream transmission duration. 13. The dynamic time adjustment apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the operations further comprising, after obtaining Mds_New, sending a first indication message to a user-side device, wherein the first indication message is configured to indicate Mds_New; wherein
the first indication message is further configured to: when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, before the user-side device receives a second indication message, and when a current transmission frame is a synchronization frame, instruct to send a synchronization symbol in a first symbol in or after the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration, wherein the second indication message is configured to instruct the user-side device to send a data transmission phase symbol in the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration. 14. The dynamic time adjustment apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the operations further comprising: when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, lengths of downstream transmission durations of transceivers of at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mds_New, and lengths of upstream transmission durations of the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mus_New, sending the second indication message to the user-side devices, wherein the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are disposed corresponding to the at least two transceivers of the network-side device. 15. The dynamic time adjustment apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the operations further comprising: when Mds_New is greater than Mds_Old, lengths of downstream transmission durations of transceivers of at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mds_New, and lengths of upstream transmission durations of the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are adjusted to Mus_New, sending a data transmission phase symbol in the transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration, wherein the transceivers of the at least two user-side devices are disposed corresponding to the at least two transceivers of the network-side device. 16. The dynamic time adjustment apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the operations further comprising: when receiving an online request, sending a default length and a first identifier of the downstream transmission duration to the user-side device during handshake, wherein the first identifier is configured to indicate a value of a difference between Mds_Old and the default length of the downstream transmission duration. 17. The dynamic time adjustment apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the operations further comprising: when receiving a fast retraining request sent by the user-side device, sending a length and a second identifier of the downstream transmission duration during previous initialization to the corresponding user-side device, wherein the second identifier is configured to indicate a value of a difference between Mds_Old and the length of the downstream transmission duration during the previous initialization of the user-side device. 18. A dynamic time adjustment apparatus, wherein the dynamic time adjustment apparatus comprises:
a processor; a communications interface; and a computer readable storage medium storing a plurality of processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor and the communications interface to perform operations comprising: obtaining a length Mds_New of a new downstream transmission duration; adjusting a length of a downstream transmission duration of a transceiver of a user-side device from a length Mds_Old of a currently used downstream transmission duration to Mds_New, and adjust a length of an upstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device from a length Mus_Old of a currently used upstream transmission duration to a length Mus_New of a new upstream transmission duration, wherein a sum of Mds_New and Mus_New is equal to a length of one transmission frame minus a length of an upstream and downstream switching duration, and the upstream and downstream switching duration is a duration spent by the transceiver of the user-side device to switch from a receiving state to a sending state and switch from the sending state to the receiving state; and when Mds_New is greater than Mds_Old, receiving at least one of a quiet symbol, an idle symbol, or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device, wherein the transition zone of the new downstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device is an additional zone of the new downstream transmission duration compared with the currently used downstream transmission duration; or when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, keeping silent or send at least one of an idle symbol or another symbol with known content in a transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device, wherein the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration of the transceiver of the user-side device is an additional zone of the new upstream transmission duration compared with the currently used upstream transmission duration. 19. The dynamic time adjustment apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the operations further comprising receiving a first indication message sent by a network-side device, wherein the first indication message is configured to indicate the length of the new downstream transmission duration;
obtaining the length of the new downstream transmission duration according to the first indication message; and before receiving a second indication message and when a current transmission frame is a synchronization frame, determining, according to the first indication message, a position for sending a synchronization symbol, wherein the first indication message is further configured to: when Mds_New is less than Mds_Old, before the user-side device receives the second indication message, and when the current transmission frame is a synchronization frame, instruct to send the synchronization symbol in or after a first symbol in the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration; and the second indication message is configured to instruct the user-side device to send a data transmission phase symbol in the transition zone of the new upstream transmission duration. 20. The dynamic time adjustment apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the operations further comprising receiving a default length and a first identifier of the downstream transmission duration that are sent by the network-side device, wherein the first identifier is configured to indicate a value of a difference between Mds_Old and the default length of the downstream transmission duration; and
calculating Mds_Old based on the default length and the first identifier of the downstream transmission duration, and set a length of the downstream transmission duration and a length of the upstream transmission duration based on Mds_Old during initialization. | 3,700 |
346,952 | 16,805,385 | 3,793 | The present disclosure relates to a method of editing an audio stream (S) having at least one tone (T1) extending over time in said stream. The method comprises cutting the stream at a first time point of the stream, producing a first cut (A) having a left cutting end (AL) and a right cutting end (AR); allocating a respective memory cell to each of the cutting ends; in each of the memory cells, storing information about the tone; and, for one of the cutting ends, concatenating the cutting end with a further stream cutting end which also has an allocated memory cell with information stored therein about any tones extending to said further cutting end. The concatenating comprises using the information stored in the memory cells for adjusting any of the tones extending to the cutting ends. | 1. A method of editing an audio file, the audio file comprising information about a time stream having a plurality of tones extending over time in said time stream, the method comprising:
cutting the time stream at a first time point of the time stream, producing a first cut having a plurality of first cutting ends, including a first left cutting end and a first right cutting end; allocating a respective memory cell of a plurality of memory cells to each of the first cutting ends; in each of the plurality of memory cells, storing information about those of the plurality of tones which extend to the corresponding first cutting end to which the memory cell is allocated; and for each of at least one of the first cutting ends, concatenating the cutting end with a further cutting end which has an allocated memory cell with information stored therein about those tones which extend to said further cutting end; wherein the concatenating comprises using the information stored in the memory cells of the first cutting end and the further cutting end for adjusting any of the tones extending to the first cutting end and the further cutting end. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the audio file is in accordance with a Musical Instrument Digital Interface, MIDI, file format. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the further cutting end is from the same time stream as the first cutting end. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the further cutting end is a second left or right cutting end of a second cut produced by cutting the stream at a second time point in the stream. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the at least one of the first cutting ends is the first left cutting edge and the further cutting end is the second right cutting edge. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the adjusting comprises one or more operations selected from the group consisting of:
removing a fragment of a tone; extending a tone over the cutting ends; and merging a tone extending to the first cutting end with a tone extending to the further cutting end. 7. A system for editing an audio file, the audio file comprising information about a time stream having a plurality of tones extending over time in said time stream, the system comprising:
one or more processors; and memory storing one or more programs, the one or more programs including instructions, which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a set of operations, including:
cutting the time stream at a first time point of the time stream, producing a first cut having a plurality of first cutting ends, including a first left cutting end and a first right cutting end;
allocating a respective memory cell of a plurality of memory cells to each of the first cutting ends;
in each of the plurality of memory cells, storing information about those of the plurality of tones which extend to the corresponding first cutting end to which the memory cell is allocated; and
for each of at least one of the first cutting ends, concatenating the cutting end with a further cutting end which has an allocated memory cell with information stored therein about those tones which extend to said further cutting end;
wherein the concatenating comprises using the information stored in the memory cells of the first cutting end and the further cutting end for adjusting any of the tones extending to the first cutting end and the further cutting end. 8. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs for editing an audio file, the audio file comprising information about a time stream having a plurality of tones extending over time in said time stream, wherein the one or more programs include instructions, which, when executed by a system with one or more processors, cause the system to perform a set of operations, including:
cutting the time stream at a first time point of the time stream, producing a first cut having a plurality of first cutting ends, including a first left cutting end and a first right cutting end; allocating a respective memory cell of a plurality of memory cells to each of the first cutting ends; in each of the plurality of memory cells, storing information about those of the plurality of tones which extend to the corresponding first cutting end to which the memory cell is allocated; and for each of at least one of the first cutting ends, concatenating the cutting end with a further cutting end which has an allocated memory cell with information stored therein about those tones which extend to said further cutting end; wherein the concatenating comprises using the information stored in the memory cells of the first cutting end and the further cutting end for adjusting any of the tones extending to the first cutting end and the further cutting end. | The present disclosure relates to a method of editing an audio stream (S) having at least one tone (T1) extending over time in said stream. The method comprises cutting the stream at a first time point of the stream, producing a first cut (A) having a left cutting end (AL) and a right cutting end (AR); allocating a respective memory cell to each of the cutting ends; in each of the memory cells, storing information about the tone; and, for one of the cutting ends, concatenating the cutting end with a further stream cutting end which also has an allocated memory cell with information stored therein about any tones extending to said further cutting end. The concatenating comprises using the information stored in the memory cells for adjusting any of the tones extending to the cutting ends.1. A method of editing an audio file, the audio file comprising information about a time stream having a plurality of tones extending over time in said time stream, the method comprising:
cutting the time stream at a first time point of the time stream, producing a first cut having a plurality of first cutting ends, including a first left cutting end and a first right cutting end; allocating a respective memory cell of a plurality of memory cells to each of the first cutting ends; in each of the plurality of memory cells, storing information about those of the plurality of tones which extend to the corresponding first cutting end to which the memory cell is allocated; and for each of at least one of the first cutting ends, concatenating the cutting end with a further cutting end which has an allocated memory cell with information stored therein about those tones which extend to said further cutting end; wherein the concatenating comprises using the information stored in the memory cells of the first cutting end and the further cutting end for adjusting any of the tones extending to the first cutting end and the further cutting end. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the audio file is in accordance with a Musical Instrument Digital Interface, MIDI, file format. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the further cutting end is from the same time stream as the first cutting end. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the further cutting end is a second left or right cutting end of a second cut produced by cutting the stream at a second time point in the stream. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the at least one of the first cutting ends is the first left cutting edge and the further cutting end is the second right cutting edge. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the adjusting comprises one or more operations selected from the group consisting of:
removing a fragment of a tone; extending a tone over the cutting ends; and merging a tone extending to the first cutting end with a tone extending to the further cutting end. 7. A system for editing an audio file, the audio file comprising information about a time stream having a plurality of tones extending over time in said time stream, the system comprising:
one or more processors; and memory storing one or more programs, the one or more programs including instructions, which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a set of operations, including:
cutting the time stream at a first time point of the time stream, producing a first cut having a plurality of first cutting ends, including a first left cutting end and a first right cutting end;
allocating a respective memory cell of a plurality of memory cells to each of the first cutting ends;
in each of the plurality of memory cells, storing information about those of the plurality of tones which extend to the corresponding first cutting end to which the memory cell is allocated; and
for each of at least one of the first cutting ends, concatenating the cutting end with a further cutting end which has an allocated memory cell with information stored therein about those tones which extend to said further cutting end;
wherein the concatenating comprises using the information stored in the memory cells of the first cutting end and the further cutting end for adjusting any of the tones extending to the first cutting end and the further cutting end. 8. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs for editing an audio file, the audio file comprising information about a time stream having a plurality of tones extending over time in said time stream, wherein the one or more programs include instructions, which, when executed by a system with one or more processors, cause the system to perform a set of operations, including:
cutting the time stream at a first time point of the time stream, producing a first cut having a plurality of first cutting ends, including a first left cutting end and a first right cutting end; allocating a respective memory cell of a plurality of memory cells to each of the first cutting ends; in each of the plurality of memory cells, storing information about those of the plurality of tones which extend to the corresponding first cutting end to which the memory cell is allocated; and for each of at least one of the first cutting ends, concatenating the cutting end with a further cutting end which has an allocated memory cell with information stored therein about those tones which extend to said further cutting end; wherein the concatenating comprises using the information stored in the memory cells of the first cutting end and the further cutting end for adjusting any of the tones extending to the first cutting end and the further cutting end. | 3,700 |
346,953 | 16,805,434 | 3,793 | A garbage collection assisted deduplication process determines whether or not data segments should be deduplicated or not based on the liveness of segment data in a region, and the number of segments subject to deduplication in the region. Ingested data is divided into a plurality of segments, and a fingerprint is calculated for each segment. An index table entry maps a fingerprint to a region and container ID, and a perfect hash vector is setup for this mapping. A percentage of live segments in the region relative to a liveness threshold is determined, as is a number of segments in the region subject to deduplication relative to a deduplication threshold. If a region is sufficiently live, deduplication is performed, but if the region is dead, deduplication is not performed. For a live region, if the number of deduplicated segments is too low, deduplication is not performed. | 1. A computer-implemented method of performing deduplicated backups in a computer network comprising:
dividing data to be stored in network storage media into a plurality of segments; calculating a hash fingerprint for each segment of the plurality of segments; maintaining an index table wherein each entry maps a fingerprint to a region and container identifier; first determining, after in index lookup to the index table, a percentage of live segments in the region relative to a defined liveness threshold; second determining a number of segments in the region subject to deduplication relative to a defined deduplication threshold; and performing conditional deduplication to store the segments of the region based on whether or not the defined liveness threshold and defined deduplication threshold are exceeded. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the first determining step comprises:
marking each fingerprint as alive or dead;
tallying a number of live segments and a number of dead segments in the region based on the fingerprint marking;
subtracting the number of dead segments from the number of live segments to obtain a difference that determines the percentage of live segments;
defining the region as dead if the difference is less than the defined liveness threshold; and
defining the region as live if the difference is greater than or equal to the defined liveness threshold. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein if the difference is less than the defined liveness threshold, deduplication is not performed and duplicate segment data is stored, and if the difference meets or exceeds the defined liveness threshold, deduplication is performed and no duplicate segment data is stored. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the second determining step comprises:
determining, for a region defined as live, if the number of segments in the region subject to deduplication exceeds the defined deduplication threshold;
overriding the deduplication if the defined deduplication threshold is not exceeded to thereby allow duplicate segment data to be stored; and
performing the deduplication if the defined deduplication threshold is exceeded to prevent storing duplicate segment data. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein, if the defined liveness threshold is on the order of five to ten percent live segments in a region. 6. The method of claim 4 wherein the defined duplication threshold is on the order of five to ten percent deduplicated segments in the region. 7. The method of claim 1 further comprising defining a perfect hash vector (PHV) for the hash fingerprints wherein each bit of the PHV is set to a binary value indicating whether a corresponding segment is live or dead. 8. The method of claim 7 further comprising converting the PHV to a region-based bit vector by using a region identifier and the container identifier as keys to map each regions of a container to a unique position in the vector. 9. The method of claim 8 further comprising two bits per segment in the PHV, wherein a first bit is set to the binary live/dead value, and a second bit indicates whether or not an ingest writes a duplicate of the segment. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein the second bit is used to avoid writing more than one duplicate copy of the segment if the deduplication is overridden. 11. A computer-implemented method of performing deduplicated backups in a computer network comprising:
performing a garbage collection process to map each data segment fingerprint to a unique bit position in a perfect hash vector (PHV), wherein each bit represents whether or not a segment is live or dead based on its binary value of 0 or 1; converting the fingerprint-based PHV to a region-based vector using region identifiers and container identifiers of the segments as keys; defining two bits per segment in the region-based vector, wherein a first bit is set to the binary live/dead value, and a second bit indicates whether or not an ingest writes a duplicate of the segment; grouping ingested data into regions based on the container identifier and region identifier; first calculating a liveness of each region to classify a region as live or dead; second calculating a number of deduplicated segments of each region; and perform conditional deduplication of each region based on its liveness and its number of deduplicated segments. 12. The method of claim 11 further comprising performing, if a region is sufficiently live based on the liveness, deduplication of the segment prior to storage and not performing deduplication if the region is dead. 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising, for a sufficiently live region, not performing deduplication if the number of deduplicated segments is too low. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the first calculating step comprises:
tallying a number of live segments and a number of dead segments in the region based on the fingerprint marking;
subtracting the number of dead segments from the number of live segments to obtain a difference that determines the percentage of live segments;
defining the region as dead if the difference is less than a defined liveness threshold; and
defining the region as sufficiently live if the difference is greater than or equal to the defined liveness threshold. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the second calculating step comprises:
determining, for a region defined as sufficiently live, if the number of segments in the region subject to deduplication exceeds the defined deduplication threshold;
overriding the deduplication if the defined deduplication threshold is not exceeded to thereby allow duplicate segment data to be stored; and
performing the deduplication if the defined deduplication threshold is exceeded to prevent storing duplicate segment data. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the second bit is used to avoid writing more than one duplicate copy of the segment if the deduplication is overridden. 17. The method of claim 11 further comprising maintaining the PHV between the garbage collection process and a subsequent garbage collection process to represent region liveness of the computer network. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the computer network comprises at least part of a deduplication backup system including a data storage server running a Data Domain file system (DDFS). 19. The method of claim 18 wherein the file system implements a log structured file system in which data and metadata are written sequentially to a log that is implemented as a circular buffer. 20. A computer program product, comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium having a computer-readable program code embodied therein, the computer-readable program code adapted to be executed by one or more processors to implement a garbage collection assisted deduplication backup process in a computer network by:
dividing data to be stored in network storage media into a plurality of segments; calculating a hash fingerprint for each segment of the plurality of segments; maintaining an index table wherein each entry maps a fingerprint to a region and container identifier; first determining, after in index lookup to the index table, a percentage of live segments in the region relative to a defined liveness threshold; second determining a number of segments in the region subject to deduplication relative to a defined deduplication threshold; and performing conditional deduplication to store the segments of the region based on whether or not the defined liveness threshold and defined deduplication threshold are exceeded. | A garbage collection assisted deduplication process determines whether or not data segments should be deduplicated or not based on the liveness of segment data in a region, and the number of segments subject to deduplication in the region. Ingested data is divided into a plurality of segments, and a fingerprint is calculated for each segment. An index table entry maps a fingerprint to a region and container ID, and a perfect hash vector is setup for this mapping. A percentage of live segments in the region relative to a liveness threshold is determined, as is a number of segments in the region subject to deduplication relative to a deduplication threshold. If a region is sufficiently live, deduplication is performed, but if the region is dead, deduplication is not performed. For a live region, if the number of deduplicated segments is too low, deduplication is not performed.1. A computer-implemented method of performing deduplicated backups in a computer network comprising:
dividing data to be stored in network storage media into a plurality of segments; calculating a hash fingerprint for each segment of the plurality of segments; maintaining an index table wherein each entry maps a fingerprint to a region and container identifier; first determining, after in index lookup to the index table, a percentage of live segments in the region relative to a defined liveness threshold; second determining a number of segments in the region subject to deduplication relative to a defined deduplication threshold; and performing conditional deduplication to store the segments of the region based on whether or not the defined liveness threshold and defined deduplication threshold are exceeded. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the first determining step comprises:
marking each fingerprint as alive or dead;
tallying a number of live segments and a number of dead segments in the region based on the fingerprint marking;
subtracting the number of dead segments from the number of live segments to obtain a difference that determines the percentage of live segments;
defining the region as dead if the difference is less than the defined liveness threshold; and
defining the region as live if the difference is greater than or equal to the defined liveness threshold. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein if the difference is less than the defined liveness threshold, deduplication is not performed and duplicate segment data is stored, and if the difference meets or exceeds the defined liveness threshold, deduplication is performed and no duplicate segment data is stored. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the second determining step comprises:
determining, for a region defined as live, if the number of segments in the region subject to deduplication exceeds the defined deduplication threshold;
overriding the deduplication if the defined deduplication threshold is not exceeded to thereby allow duplicate segment data to be stored; and
performing the deduplication if the defined deduplication threshold is exceeded to prevent storing duplicate segment data. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein, if the defined liveness threshold is on the order of five to ten percent live segments in a region. 6. The method of claim 4 wherein the defined duplication threshold is on the order of five to ten percent deduplicated segments in the region. 7. The method of claim 1 further comprising defining a perfect hash vector (PHV) for the hash fingerprints wherein each bit of the PHV is set to a binary value indicating whether a corresponding segment is live or dead. 8. The method of claim 7 further comprising converting the PHV to a region-based bit vector by using a region identifier and the container identifier as keys to map each regions of a container to a unique position in the vector. 9. The method of claim 8 further comprising two bits per segment in the PHV, wherein a first bit is set to the binary live/dead value, and a second bit indicates whether or not an ingest writes a duplicate of the segment. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein the second bit is used to avoid writing more than one duplicate copy of the segment if the deduplication is overridden. 11. A computer-implemented method of performing deduplicated backups in a computer network comprising:
performing a garbage collection process to map each data segment fingerprint to a unique bit position in a perfect hash vector (PHV), wherein each bit represents whether or not a segment is live or dead based on its binary value of 0 or 1; converting the fingerprint-based PHV to a region-based vector using region identifiers and container identifiers of the segments as keys; defining two bits per segment in the region-based vector, wherein a first bit is set to the binary live/dead value, and a second bit indicates whether or not an ingest writes a duplicate of the segment; grouping ingested data into regions based on the container identifier and region identifier; first calculating a liveness of each region to classify a region as live or dead; second calculating a number of deduplicated segments of each region; and perform conditional deduplication of each region based on its liveness and its number of deduplicated segments. 12. The method of claim 11 further comprising performing, if a region is sufficiently live based on the liveness, deduplication of the segment prior to storage and not performing deduplication if the region is dead. 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising, for a sufficiently live region, not performing deduplication if the number of deduplicated segments is too low. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the first calculating step comprises:
tallying a number of live segments and a number of dead segments in the region based on the fingerprint marking;
subtracting the number of dead segments from the number of live segments to obtain a difference that determines the percentage of live segments;
defining the region as dead if the difference is less than a defined liveness threshold; and
defining the region as sufficiently live if the difference is greater than or equal to the defined liveness threshold. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the second calculating step comprises:
determining, for a region defined as sufficiently live, if the number of segments in the region subject to deduplication exceeds the defined deduplication threshold;
overriding the deduplication if the defined deduplication threshold is not exceeded to thereby allow duplicate segment data to be stored; and
performing the deduplication if the defined deduplication threshold is exceeded to prevent storing duplicate segment data. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the second bit is used to avoid writing more than one duplicate copy of the segment if the deduplication is overridden. 17. The method of claim 11 further comprising maintaining the PHV between the garbage collection process and a subsequent garbage collection process to represent region liveness of the computer network. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the computer network comprises at least part of a deduplication backup system including a data storage server running a Data Domain file system (DDFS). 19. The method of claim 18 wherein the file system implements a log structured file system in which data and metadata are written sequentially to a log that is implemented as a circular buffer. 20. A computer program product, comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium having a computer-readable program code embodied therein, the computer-readable program code adapted to be executed by one or more processors to implement a garbage collection assisted deduplication backup process in a computer network by:
dividing data to be stored in network storage media into a plurality of segments; calculating a hash fingerprint for each segment of the plurality of segments; maintaining an index table wherein each entry maps a fingerprint to a region and container identifier; first determining, after in index lookup to the index table, a percentage of live segments in the region relative to a defined liveness threshold; second determining a number of segments in the region subject to deduplication relative to a defined deduplication threshold; and performing conditional deduplication to store the segments of the region based on whether or not the defined liveness threshold and defined deduplication threshold are exceeded. | 3,700 |
346,954 | 16,805,413 | 3,793 | A force sensing device comprises a first force sensor and a second force sensor. The first force sensor is configured to output a first force resulting signal and comprises a first strain gauge coupled to a first voltage source and a first trace. The first force sensor further comprises a second strain gauge coupled to a second voltage source and the first trace. The second force sensor is configured to output a second force resulting signal having a polarity opposite that of the first force resulting signal. The second force sensor comprises a first strain gauge coupled to the second voltage source and a second trace, and a second strain gauge coupled to the first voltage source and the second trace. | 1. A force sensing device comprising:
a first force sensor configured to output a first force resulting signal and comprising:
a first strain gauge having a first end coupled to a first voltage source configured to provide a first voltage and a second end coupled to a first trace; and
a second strain gauge having a first end coupled to a second voltage source configured to provide a second voltage and a second end coupled to the first trace, the second voltage differs from the first voltage; and
a second force sensor configured to output a second force resulting signal and comprising:
a first strain gauge having a first end coupled to the second voltage source and a second end coupled to a second trace; and
a second strain gauge having a first end coupled to the first voltage source and a second end coupled to the second trace, and wherein a polarity of the first force resulting signal is opposite a polarity of the second force resulting signal. 2. The force sensing device of claim 1, wherein the first strain gauge or the second strain gauge of the first force sensor is an n-type strain gauge and the other one is a p-type strain gauge. 3. The force sensing device of claim 2, wherein one of the first strain gauge or the second strain gauge of the second force sensor is an n-type strain gauge and the other one is a p-type strain gauge. 4. The force sensing device of claim 1, wherein the first strain gauge of the first force sensor is disposed electrically parallel to the second strain gauge of the first force sensor, and wherein the first strain gauge of the second force sensor is disposed electrically parallel to the second strain gauge of the second force sensor. 5. The force sensing device of claim 1, wherein the second strain gauge of the first force sensor is disposed adjacent to the first strain gauge of the second force sensor and the second strain gauge of the first force sensor is disposed between the first strain gauge of the first force sensor and the first strain gauge of the second force sensor. 6. The force sensing device of claim 1 further comprising:
a third force sensor configured to output a third force resulting signal and comprising:
a first strain gauge having a first end coupled to the first voltage source and a second end coupled to a third trace; and
a second strain gauge having a first end coupled to one of the second voltage source and a third voltage and a second end coupled to the third trace; and
a fourth force sensor configured to output a fourth force resulting signal and comprising:
a first strain gauge having a first end coupled to the one of the second voltage and the third voltage and a second end coupled to a fourth trace; and
a second strain gauge having a first end coupled to the first voltage and a second end coupled to the fourth trace, wherein a polarity of the third force resulting signal is opposite a polarity of the fourth force resulting signal. 7. The force sensing device of claim 1, wherein the first strain gauge and the second strain gauge of the first force sensor are matching, and the first strain gauge and the second strain gauge of the second force sensor are matching. 8. The force sensing device of claim 1, wherein the first strain gauge of the first force sensor is disposed perpendicular to the second strain gauge of the first force sensor, and wherein the first strain gauge of the second force sensor is disposed perpendicular to the second strain gauge of the second force sensor. 9. The force sensing device of claim 1, wherein the first force sensor further comprises:
a third strain gauge having a first end coupled to the first voltage source and a second end coupled to the first trace; and a fourth strain gauge having a first end coupled to the second voltage source and a second end coupled to the first trace. 10. The force sensing device of claim 1, wherein the first force sensor further comprises:
a third strain gauge having a first end coupled to the second end of the first strain gauge of the first force sensor; and a fourth strain gauge having a first end coupled to the second end of the second strain gauge of the first force sensor. 11. The force sensing device of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of sensor electrodes defining an active area, and wherein the first force sensor and the second force sensor are disposed between the active area and a first edge of the force sensing device. 12. The force sensing device of claim 11, wherein the active area comprises a first sensing block and a second sensing block, and wherein a boundary of the first sensing block corresponds to a sensing node of the first force sensor and a boundary of the second sensing block corresponds to a sensing node of the second force sensor. 13. A processing system of an input device, the processing system comprising:
a sensor driver coupled to a first force sensor and a second force sensor via a first trace and second trace, respectively, the sensor driver is configured to receive a first force resulting signal from the first force sensor and a second force resulting signal from the second force sensor, wherein a polarity of the first force resulting signal is opposite a polarity of the second force resulting signal, wherein the first force sensor comprises:
a first strain gauge having a first end coupled to a first voltage source configured to provide a first voltage and a second end coupled to the first trace;
a second strain gauge having a first end coupled to a second voltage source configured to provide a second voltage and a second end coupled to the first trace, wherein the first voltage differs from the second voltage, and wherein the second force sensor comprises:
a first strain gauge having a first end coupled to the second voltage source and a second end coupled to the second trace;
a second strain gauge having a first end coupled to the first voltage source and a second end coupled to the second trace; and
a determination module configured to determine force information for an input object based on the first and second force resulting signals. 14. The processing system of claim 13, wherein the first strain gauge or the second strain gauge of the first force sensor is an n-type strain gauge and the other one is a p-type strain gauge. 15. The processing system of claim 13, wherein the first strain gauge of the first force sensor is disposed electrically parallel to the second strain gauge of the first force sensor, and wherein the first strain gauge of the second force sensor is disposed electrically parallel to the second strain gauge of the second force sensor. 16. The processing system of claim 13, wherein the first strain gauge of the first force sensor matches the second strain gauge of the first force sensor, and the first strain gauge of the second force sensor matches the second strain gauge of the second force sensor. 17. The processing system of claim 13, wherein the first strain gauge of the first force sensor is disposed perpendicular to the second strain gauge of the first force sensor, and wherein the first strain gauge of the second force sensor is disposed perpendicular to the second strain gauge of the second force sensor. 18. An input device comprising:
an active area defined by a plurality sensor electrodes; a first force sensor disposed between a first edge of the input device and the active area and comprising:
a first strain gauge having a first end coupled to a first voltage source configured to provide a first voltage and a second end coupled to a first trace; and
a second strain gauge having a first end coupled to a second voltage source configured to provide a second voltage and a second end coupled to the first trace, the second voltage differs from the first voltage;
a second force sensor disposed between the first edge of the input device and the active area and comprising:
a first strain gauge having a first end coupled to the second voltage source and a second end coupled to a second trace; and
a second strain gauge having a first end coupled to the first voltage source and a second end coupled to the second trace; and
a processing system coupled to the first force sensor and the second force sensor via the first trace and second trace, respectively, the processing system configured to:
receive a first force resulting signal from the first force sensor and a second force resulting signal from the second force sensor, wherein a polarity of the first force resulting signal is opposite a polarity of the second force resulting signal; and
determine force information for an input object based at least in part of the first force resulting signal and the second force resulting signal. 19. The input device of claim 18, wherein the first strain gauge or the second strain gauge of the first force sensor is an n-type strain gauge and the other one is a p-type strain gauge, and wherein the first strain gauge of the first force sensor is disposed electrically parallel to the second strain gauge of the first force sensor. 20. The input device of claim 18, wherein the first strain gauge and the second strain gauge of the first force sensor are matching, and wherein the first strain gauge of the first force sensor is disposed perpendicular to the second strain gauge of the first force sensor. | A force sensing device comprises a first force sensor and a second force sensor. The first force sensor is configured to output a first force resulting signal and comprises a first strain gauge coupled to a first voltage source and a first trace. The first force sensor further comprises a second strain gauge coupled to a second voltage source and the first trace. The second force sensor is configured to output a second force resulting signal having a polarity opposite that of the first force resulting signal. The second force sensor comprises a first strain gauge coupled to the second voltage source and a second trace, and a second strain gauge coupled to the first voltage source and the second trace.1. A force sensing device comprising:
a first force sensor configured to output a first force resulting signal and comprising:
a first strain gauge having a first end coupled to a first voltage source configured to provide a first voltage and a second end coupled to a first trace; and
a second strain gauge having a first end coupled to a second voltage source configured to provide a second voltage and a second end coupled to the first trace, the second voltage differs from the first voltage; and
a second force sensor configured to output a second force resulting signal and comprising:
a first strain gauge having a first end coupled to the second voltage source and a second end coupled to a second trace; and
a second strain gauge having a first end coupled to the first voltage source and a second end coupled to the second trace, and wherein a polarity of the first force resulting signal is opposite a polarity of the second force resulting signal. 2. The force sensing device of claim 1, wherein the first strain gauge or the second strain gauge of the first force sensor is an n-type strain gauge and the other one is a p-type strain gauge. 3. The force sensing device of claim 2, wherein one of the first strain gauge or the second strain gauge of the second force sensor is an n-type strain gauge and the other one is a p-type strain gauge. 4. The force sensing device of claim 1, wherein the first strain gauge of the first force sensor is disposed electrically parallel to the second strain gauge of the first force sensor, and wherein the first strain gauge of the second force sensor is disposed electrically parallel to the second strain gauge of the second force sensor. 5. The force sensing device of claim 1, wherein the second strain gauge of the first force sensor is disposed adjacent to the first strain gauge of the second force sensor and the second strain gauge of the first force sensor is disposed between the first strain gauge of the first force sensor and the first strain gauge of the second force sensor. 6. The force sensing device of claim 1 further comprising:
a third force sensor configured to output a third force resulting signal and comprising:
a first strain gauge having a first end coupled to the first voltage source and a second end coupled to a third trace; and
a second strain gauge having a first end coupled to one of the second voltage source and a third voltage and a second end coupled to the third trace; and
a fourth force sensor configured to output a fourth force resulting signal and comprising:
a first strain gauge having a first end coupled to the one of the second voltage and the third voltage and a second end coupled to a fourth trace; and
a second strain gauge having a first end coupled to the first voltage and a second end coupled to the fourth trace, wherein a polarity of the third force resulting signal is opposite a polarity of the fourth force resulting signal. 7. The force sensing device of claim 1, wherein the first strain gauge and the second strain gauge of the first force sensor are matching, and the first strain gauge and the second strain gauge of the second force sensor are matching. 8. The force sensing device of claim 1, wherein the first strain gauge of the first force sensor is disposed perpendicular to the second strain gauge of the first force sensor, and wherein the first strain gauge of the second force sensor is disposed perpendicular to the second strain gauge of the second force sensor. 9. The force sensing device of claim 1, wherein the first force sensor further comprises:
a third strain gauge having a first end coupled to the first voltage source and a second end coupled to the first trace; and a fourth strain gauge having a first end coupled to the second voltage source and a second end coupled to the first trace. 10. The force sensing device of claim 1, wherein the first force sensor further comprises:
a third strain gauge having a first end coupled to the second end of the first strain gauge of the first force sensor; and a fourth strain gauge having a first end coupled to the second end of the second strain gauge of the first force sensor. 11. The force sensing device of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of sensor electrodes defining an active area, and wherein the first force sensor and the second force sensor are disposed between the active area and a first edge of the force sensing device. 12. The force sensing device of claim 11, wherein the active area comprises a first sensing block and a second sensing block, and wherein a boundary of the first sensing block corresponds to a sensing node of the first force sensor and a boundary of the second sensing block corresponds to a sensing node of the second force sensor. 13. A processing system of an input device, the processing system comprising:
a sensor driver coupled to a first force sensor and a second force sensor via a first trace and second trace, respectively, the sensor driver is configured to receive a first force resulting signal from the first force sensor and a second force resulting signal from the second force sensor, wherein a polarity of the first force resulting signal is opposite a polarity of the second force resulting signal, wherein the first force sensor comprises:
a first strain gauge having a first end coupled to a first voltage source configured to provide a first voltage and a second end coupled to the first trace;
a second strain gauge having a first end coupled to a second voltage source configured to provide a second voltage and a second end coupled to the first trace, wherein the first voltage differs from the second voltage, and wherein the second force sensor comprises:
a first strain gauge having a first end coupled to the second voltage source and a second end coupled to the second trace;
a second strain gauge having a first end coupled to the first voltage source and a second end coupled to the second trace; and
a determination module configured to determine force information for an input object based on the first and second force resulting signals. 14. The processing system of claim 13, wherein the first strain gauge or the second strain gauge of the first force sensor is an n-type strain gauge and the other one is a p-type strain gauge. 15. The processing system of claim 13, wherein the first strain gauge of the first force sensor is disposed electrically parallel to the second strain gauge of the first force sensor, and wherein the first strain gauge of the second force sensor is disposed electrically parallel to the second strain gauge of the second force sensor. 16. The processing system of claim 13, wherein the first strain gauge of the first force sensor matches the second strain gauge of the first force sensor, and the first strain gauge of the second force sensor matches the second strain gauge of the second force sensor. 17. The processing system of claim 13, wherein the first strain gauge of the first force sensor is disposed perpendicular to the second strain gauge of the first force sensor, and wherein the first strain gauge of the second force sensor is disposed perpendicular to the second strain gauge of the second force sensor. 18. An input device comprising:
an active area defined by a plurality sensor electrodes; a first force sensor disposed between a first edge of the input device and the active area and comprising:
a first strain gauge having a first end coupled to a first voltage source configured to provide a first voltage and a second end coupled to a first trace; and
a second strain gauge having a first end coupled to a second voltage source configured to provide a second voltage and a second end coupled to the first trace, the second voltage differs from the first voltage;
a second force sensor disposed between the first edge of the input device and the active area and comprising:
a first strain gauge having a first end coupled to the second voltage source and a second end coupled to a second trace; and
a second strain gauge having a first end coupled to the first voltage source and a second end coupled to the second trace; and
a processing system coupled to the first force sensor and the second force sensor via the first trace and second trace, respectively, the processing system configured to:
receive a first force resulting signal from the first force sensor and a second force resulting signal from the second force sensor, wherein a polarity of the first force resulting signal is opposite a polarity of the second force resulting signal; and
determine force information for an input object based at least in part of the first force resulting signal and the second force resulting signal. 19. The input device of claim 18, wherein the first strain gauge or the second strain gauge of the first force sensor is an n-type strain gauge and the other one is a p-type strain gauge, and wherein the first strain gauge of the first force sensor is disposed electrically parallel to the second strain gauge of the first force sensor. 20. The input device of claim 18, wherein the first strain gauge and the second strain gauge of the first force sensor are matching, and wherein the first strain gauge of the first force sensor is disposed perpendicular to the second strain gauge of the first force sensor. | 3,700 |
346,955 | 16,805,436 | 2,175 | A plant room management system. The plant room management system may include one or more memory devices configured to store instructions thereon that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to obtain steady-state values of data samples generated by plant room equipment and generate key performance indicators based on the steady-state values; and generate a dashboard that displays the generated key performance indicators. The dashboard may include a plant efficiency and building cooling load widget that displays plant efficiency and building cooling load; a chiller efficiency and chiller cooling load widget that displays chiller efficiencies and chiller cooling load for a chiller; and a plant energy consumption widget that displays energy consumption grouped by equipment type. | 1. A plant room management system comprising one or more memory devices configured to store instructions thereon that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
obtain steady-state values of data samples generated by plant room equipment and generate key performance indicators based on the steady-state values; and generate a dashboard that displays the generated key performance indicators, the dashboard comprising:
a plant efficiency and building cooling load widget that displays plant efficiency and building cooling load;
a chiller efficiency and chiller cooling load widget that displays chiller efficiencies and chiller cooling load for a chiller; and
a plant energy consumption widget that displays energy consumption grouped by equipment type. 2. The plant room management system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors generate the key performance indicators based only on the steady-state values. 3. The plant room management system of claim 1, wherein the steady-state values are associated with a period of time in which values generated by the plant room equipment remain within a predetermined range. 4. The plant room management system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors obtain the steady-state values of the generated data samples by:
obtaining the generated data samples; identifying values of the generated data samples that are associated with successive time stamps; determining that the identified values are within a threshold of each other; and based on the determination that the values are within the threshold of each other, determining that the identified values are associated with a steady-state condition of operation. 5. The plant room management system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors obtain the steady-state values of the generated data samples by:
obtaining the generated data samples; identifying values of generated data samples that are associated with successive time stamps; determining that the identified values are not within a threshold of each other; and based on the determination that the identified values are not within the threshold of each other, disregarding the identified values. 6. The plant room management system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors obtain the steady-state values of the generated data samples by:
determining whether values of the generated data samples are associated with times that the plant room is in a running condition; and disregarding any values that are not associated with times that the plant room equipment is in the running condition. 7. The plant room management system of claim 1, the dashboard further comprising a leaving water temperature widget that displays a minimum and a maximum leaving water temperature over time for a chiller. 8. The plant room management system of claim 1, the dashboard further comprising a delta temperature widget that displays a minimum and a maximum delta water temperature over time for a chiller. 9. The plant room management system of claim 1, the dashboard further comprising:
a chiller supply temperature and chiller active power widget that displays temperature and demand over time for a chiller; a cooling tower leaving temperature and cooling tower active power widget that displays temperature and demand over time for a cooling tower; and a building cooling load and outside air temperature widget that displays total cooling load and outside air temperature over time. 10. A method for monitoring and controlling a plant room, the method comprising:
obtaining values of data samples generated by plant room equipment that is operating in a running condition and generating key performance indicators based on the values; and generating a dashboard that displays the generated key performance indicators, the dashboard comprising:
a plant efficiency and building cooling load widget that displays plant efficiency and building cooling load;
a chiller efficiency and chiller cooling load widget that displays chiller efficiencies and chiller cooling load for a chiller; and
a plant energy consumption widget that displays energy consumption grouped by equipment type. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein generating the key performance indicators comprises generating the key performance indicators based only on values generated by plant room equipment that is operating in the running condition. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the running condition is associated with times in which the plant room equipment is turned on. 13. The method of claim 10, the dashboard further comprising a run hours comparison widget that displays run hours for a plurality of equipment units. 14. The method of claim 10, the dashboard further comprising:
a chiller supply temperature and chiller active power widget that displays temperature and demand over time for a chiller; a cooling tower leaving temperature and cooling tower active power widget that displays temperature and demand over time for a cooling tower; and a building cooling load and outside air temperature widget that displays total cooling load and outside air temperature over time. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein obtaining values of data samples generated by the plant room equipment that are operating in the running condition further comprises:
determining which values are associated with a steady-state condition; and disregarding any values that are not associated with the steady-state condition. 16. A plant room management system comprising one or more memory devices configured to store instructions thereon that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
obtain steady-state values of data samples generated by plant room equipment that is operating in a running condition and generate key performance indicators based on the steady-state values; and generate a dashboard that displays the generated key performance indicators, the dashboard comprising:
a plant efficiency and building cooling load widget that displays plant efficiency and building cooling load;
a chiller efficiency and chiller cooling load widget that displays chiller efficiencies and chiller cooling load for a chiller; and
a plant energy consumption widget that displays energy consumption grouped by equipment type. 17. The plant room management system of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors generate the key performance indicators based only on the steady-state values that are generated by plant room equipment that is operating in the running condition. 18. The plant room management system of claim 16, the dashboard further comprising a run hours comparison widget that displays run hours for a plurality of equipment units. 19. The plant room management system of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors obtain the steady-state values of the generated data samples by:
obtaining the generated data samples; identifying values of generated data samples that are associated with successive time stamps; determining that the values are within a threshold of each other; and based on the determination that the values are within the threshold of each other, determining that the values are associated with a steady-state condition of operation. 20. The plant room management system of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors generate key performance indicators by disregarding any generated data samples that are not associated with times that the plant room equipment is operating in the running condition. | A plant room management system. The plant room management system may include one or more memory devices configured to store instructions thereon that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to obtain steady-state values of data samples generated by plant room equipment and generate key performance indicators based on the steady-state values; and generate a dashboard that displays the generated key performance indicators. The dashboard may include a plant efficiency and building cooling load widget that displays plant efficiency and building cooling load; a chiller efficiency and chiller cooling load widget that displays chiller efficiencies and chiller cooling load for a chiller; and a plant energy consumption widget that displays energy consumption grouped by equipment type.1. A plant room management system comprising one or more memory devices configured to store instructions thereon that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
obtain steady-state values of data samples generated by plant room equipment and generate key performance indicators based on the steady-state values; and generate a dashboard that displays the generated key performance indicators, the dashboard comprising:
a plant efficiency and building cooling load widget that displays plant efficiency and building cooling load;
a chiller efficiency and chiller cooling load widget that displays chiller efficiencies and chiller cooling load for a chiller; and
a plant energy consumption widget that displays energy consumption grouped by equipment type. 2. The plant room management system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors generate the key performance indicators based only on the steady-state values. 3. The plant room management system of claim 1, wherein the steady-state values are associated with a period of time in which values generated by the plant room equipment remain within a predetermined range. 4. The plant room management system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors obtain the steady-state values of the generated data samples by:
obtaining the generated data samples; identifying values of the generated data samples that are associated with successive time stamps; determining that the identified values are within a threshold of each other; and based on the determination that the values are within the threshold of each other, determining that the identified values are associated with a steady-state condition of operation. 5. The plant room management system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors obtain the steady-state values of the generated data samples by:
obtaining the generated data samples; identifying values of generated data samples that are associated with successive time stamps; determining that the identified values are not within a threshold of each other; and based on the determination that the identified values are not within the threshold of each other, disregarding the identified values. 6. The plant room management system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors obtain the steady-state values of the generated data samples by:
determining whether values of the generated data samples are associated with times that the plant room is in a running condition; and disregarding any values that are not associated with times that the plant room equipment is in the running condition. 7. The plant room management system of claim 1, the dashboard further comprising a leaving water temperature widget that displays a minimum and a maximum leaving water temperature over time for a chiller. 8. The plant room management system of claim 1, the dashboard further comprising a delta temperature widget that displays a minimum and a maximum delta water temperature over time for a chiller. 9. The plant room management system of claim 1, the dashboard further comprising:
a chiller supply temperature and chiller active power widget that displays temperature and demand over time for a chiller; a cooling tower leaving temperature and cooling tower active power widget that displays temperature and demand over time for a cooling tower; and a building cooling load and outside air temperature widget that displays total cooling load and outside air temperature over time. 10. A method for monitoring and controlling a plant room, the method comprising:
obtaining values of data samples generated by plant room equipment that is operating in a running condition and generating key performance indicators based on the values; and generating a dashboard that displays the generated key performance indicators, the dashboard comprising:
a plant efficiency and building cooling load widget that displays plant efficiency and building cooling load;
a chiller efficiency and chiller cooling load widget that displays chiller efficiencies and chiller cooling load for a chiller; and
a plant energy consumption widget that displays energy consumption grouped by equipment type. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein generating the key performance indicators comprises generating the key performance indicators based only on values generated by plant room equipment that is operating in the running condition. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the running condition is associated with times in which the plant room equipment is turned on. 13. The method of claim 10, the dashboard further comprising a run hours comparison widget that displays run hours for a plurality of equipment units. 14. The method of claim 10, the dashboard further comprising:
a chiller supply temperature and chiller active power widget that displays temperature and demand over time for a chiller; a cooling tower leaving temperature and cooling tower active power widget that displays temperature and demand over time for a cooling tower; and a building cooling load and outside air temperature widget that displays total cooling load and outside air temperature over time. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein obtaining values of data samples generated by the plant room equipment that are operating in the running condition further comprises:
determining which values are associated with a steady-state condition; and disregarding any values that are not associated with the steady-state condition. 16. A plant room management system comprising one or more memory devices configured to store instructions thereon that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
obtain steady-state values of data samples generated by plant room equipment that is operating in a running condition and generate key performance indicators based on the steady-state values; and generate a dashboard that displays the generated key performance indicators, the dashboard comprising:
a plant efficiency and building cooling load widget that displays plant efficiency and building cooling load;
a chiller efficiency and chiller cooling load widget that displays chiller efficiencies and chiller cooling load for a chiller; and
a plant energy consumption widget that displays energy consumption grouped by equipment type. 17. The plant room management system of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors generate the key performance indicators based only on the steady-state values that are generated by plant room equipment that is operating in the running condition. 18. The plant room management system of claim 16, the dashboard further comprising a run hours comparison widget that displays run hours for a plurality of equipment units. 19. The plant room management system of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors obtain the steady-state values of the generated data samples by:
obtaining the generated data samples; identifying values of generated data samples that are associated with successive time stamps; determining that the values are within a threshold of each other; and based on the determination that the values are within the threshold of each other, determining that the values are associated with a steady-state condition of operation. 20. The plant room management system of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors generate key performance indicators by disregarding any generated data samples that are not associated with times that the plant room equipment is operating in the running condition. | 2,100 |
346,956 | 16,805,427 | 2,175 | Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a microphone and an intelligent voice device. The microphone includes a housing, a diaphragm, a primary sound pickup component, and a secondary sound pickup component. The diaphragm is configured to output an electric signal according to a sound pressure acting on the first sound pickup surface and the second sound pickup surface. The primary sound pickup component is formed on the housing, and configured to transmit a sound wave from outside of the housing to the first sound pickup surface through a primary sound pickup channel at a first sound pressure. The secondary sound pickup component is formed on the housing, and configured to transmit the sound wave to the second sound pickup surface through a secondary sound pickup channel at a second sound pressure, the secondary sound pickup channel being different from the first sound pressure. | 1. A microphone, comprising:
a housing; a diaphragm, fixed in the housing, comprising a first sound pickup surface and a second sound pickup surface opposite to each other, and configured to output an electric signal according to a sound pressure acting on the first sound pickup surface and the second sound pickup surface; a primary sound pickup component, formed on the housing, and configured to transmit a sound wave from outside of the housing to the first sound pickup surface through a primary sound pickup channel at a first sound pressure; and a secondary sound pickup component, formed on the housing, and configured to transmit the sound wave to the second sound pickup surface through a secondary sound pickup channel at a second sound pressure, the secondary sound pickup channel being different from the first sound pressure. 2. The microphone according to claim 1, wherein the second sound pressure is less than the first sound pressure. 3. The microphone according to claim 2, further comprising:
a damping structure, arranged in the secondary sound pickup channel, wherein the sound wave in the secondary sound pickup channel is transmitted to the second sound pickup surface at the second sound pressure after being decompressed by the damping structure. 4. The microphone according to claim 3, wherein the damping structure comprises at least one decompression film or a microporous structure. 5. The microphone according to claim 2, wherein an opening area of the secondary sound pickup component is less than an opening area of the primary sound pickup component. 6. The microphone according to claim 5, wherein the secondary sound pickup component and the primary sound pickup component have a circular shape, and an aperture of the secondary sound pickup component is less than an aperture of the primary sound pickup component. 7. The microphone according to claim 1, further comprising:
a sound insulator, arranged between the primary sound pickup channel and the secondary sound pickup channel, and configured to prevent mutual interference of sound waves between the primary sound pickup channel and the secondary sound pickup channel. 8. The microphone according to claim 1, wherein the primary sound pickup component and the secondary sound pickup component are disposed at different positions on a same wall of the housing, or at different walls of the housing. 9. The microphone according to claim 1, further comprising:
an application specific integrated circuit ASIC, coupled to the diaphragm, and configured to generate an audio electric signal according to the electric signal. 10. The microphone according to claim 9, further comprising:
an electrical contact, formed on the housing, and configured to couple the microphone to an external circuit, wherein the electrical contact is coupled to the ASIC to conduct the audio electric signal to the external circuit. 11. The microphone according to claim 1, wherein the housing comprises a substrate and a package cover, and the primary sound pickup component and the secondary sound pickup component are formed on the package cover. 12. An intelligent voice device, comprising a microphone, wherein the microphone comprises:
a housing; a diaphragm, fixed in the housing, comprising a first sound pickup surface and a second sound pickup surface opposite to each other, and configured to output an electric signal according to a sound pressure acting on the first sound pickup surface and the second sound pickup surface; a primary sound pickup component, formed on the housing, and configured to transmit a sound wave from outside of the housing to the first sound pickup surface through a primary sound pickup channel at a first sound pressure; and a secondary sound pickup component, formed on the housing, and configured to transmit the sound wave to the second sound pickup surface through a secondary sound pickup channel at a second sound pressure, the secondary sound pickup channel being different from the first sound pressure. 13. The intelligent voice device according to claim 12, wherein the second sound pressure is less than the first sound pressure. 14. The intelligent voice device according to claim 13, wherein the microphone further comprises:
a damping structure, arranged in the secondary sound pickup channel, wherein the sound wave in the secondary sound pickup channel is transmitted to the second sound pickup surface at the second sound pressure after being decompressed by the damping structure. 15. The intelligent voice device according to claim 14, wherein the damping structure comprises at least one decompression film or a microporous structure. 16. The intelligent voice device according to claim 13, wherein an opening area of the secondary sound pickup component is less than an opening area of the primary sound pickup component. 17. The intelligent voice device according to claim 16, wherein the secondary sound pickup component and the primary sound pickup component have a circular shape, and an aperture of the secondary sound pickup component is less than an aperture of the primary sound pickup component. 18. The intelligent voice device according to claim 12, wherein the microphone further comprises:
a sound insulator, arranged between the primary sound pickup channel and the secondary sound pickup channel, and configured to prevent mutual interference of sound waves between the primary sound pickup channel and the secondary sound pickup channel. 19. The intelligent voice device according to claim 12, wherein the primary sound pickup component and the secondary sound pickup component are disposed at different positions on a same wall of the housing, or at different walls of the housing. 20. The intelligent voice device according to claim 12, wherein the microphone further comprises:
an ASIC, coupled to the diaphragm, and configured to generate an audio electric signal according to the electric signal. | Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a microphone and an intelligent voice device. The microphone includes a housing, a diaphragm, a primary sound pickup component, and a secondary sound pickup component. The diaphragm is configured to output an electric signal according to a sound pressure acting on the first sound pickup surface and the second sound pickup surface. The primary sound pickup component is formed on the housing, and configured to transmit a sound wave from outside of the housing to the first sound pickup surface through a primary sound pickup channel at a first sound pressure. The secondary sound pickup component is formed on the housing, and configured to transmit the sound wave to the second sound pickup surface through a secondary sound pickup channel at a second sound pressure, the secondary sound pickup channel being different from the first sound pressure.1. A microphone, comprising:
a housing; a diaphragm, fixed in the housing, comprising a first sound pickup surface and a second sound pickup surface opposite to each other, and configured to output an electric signal according to a sound pressure acting on the first sound pickup surface and the second sound pickup surface; a primary sound pickup component, formed on the housing, and configured to transmit a sound wave from outside of the housing to the first sound pickup surface through a primary sound pickup channel at a first sound pressure; and a secondary sound pickup component, formed on the housing, and configured to transmit the sound wave to the second sound pickup surface through a secondary sound pickup channel at a second sound pressure, the secondary sound pickup channel being different from the first sound pressure. 2. The microphone according to claim 1, wherein the second sound pressure is less than the first sound pressure. 3. The microphone according to claim 2, further comprising:
a damping structure, arranged in the secondary sound pickup channel, wherein the sound wave in the secondary sound pickup channel is transmitted to the second sound pickup surface at the second sound pressure after being decompressed by the damping structure. 4. The microphone according to claim 3, wherein the damping structure comprises at least one decompression film or a microporous structure. 5. The microphone according to claim 2, wherein an opening area of the secondary sound pickup component is less than an opening area of the primary sound pickup component. 6. The microphone according to claim 5, wherein the secondary sound pickup component and the primary sound pickup component have a circular shape, and an aperture of the secondary sound pickup component is less than an aperture of the primary sound pickup component. 7. The microphone according to claim 1, further comprising:
a sound insulator, arranged between the primary sound pickup channel and the secondary sound pickup channel, and configured to prevent mutual interference of sound waves between the primary sound pickup channel and the secondary sound pickup channel. 8. The microphone according to claim 1, wherein the primary sound pickup component and the secondary sound pickup component are disposed at different positions on a same wall of the housing, or at different walls of the housing. 9. The microphone according to claim 1, further comprising:
an application specific integrated circuit ASIC, coupled to the diaphragm, and configured to generate an audio electric signal according to the electric signal. 10. The microphone according to claim 9, further comprising:
an electrical contact, formed on the housing, and configured to couple the microphone to an external circuit, wherein the electrical contact is coupled to the ASIC to conduct the audio electric signal to the external circuit. 11. The microphone according to claim 1, wherein the housing comprises a substrate and a package cover, and the primary sound pickup component and the secondary sound pickup component are formed on the package cover. 12. An intelligent voice device, comprising a microphone, wherein the microphone comprises:
a housing; a diaphragm, fixed in the housing, comprising a first sound pickup surface and a second sound pickup surface opposite to each other, and configured to output an electric signal according to a sound pressure acting on the first sound pickup surface and the second sound pickup surface; a primary sound pickup component, formed on the housing, and configured to transmit a sound wave from outside of the housing to the first sound pickup surface through a primary sound pickup channel at a first sound pressure; and a secondary sound pickup component, formed on the housing, and configured to transmit the sound wave to the second sound pickup surface through a secondary sound pickup channel at a second sound pressure, the secondary sound pickup channel being different from the first sound pressure. 13. The intelligent voice device according to claim 12, wherein the second sound pressure is less than the first sound pressure. 14. The intelligent voice device according to claim 13, wherein the microphone further comprises:
a damping structure, arranged in the secondary sound pickup channel, wherein the sound wave in the secondary sound pickup channel is transmitted to the second sound pickup surface at the second sound pressure after being decompressed by the damping structure. 15. The intelligent voice device according to claim 14, wherein the damping structure comprises at least one decompression film or a microporous structure. 16. The intelligent voice device according to claim 13, wherein an opening area of the secondary sound pickup component is less than an opening area of the primary sound pickup component. 17. The intelligent voice device according to claim 16, wherein the secondary sound pickup component and the primary sound pickup component have a circular shape, and an aperture of the secondary sound pickup component is less than an aperture of the primary sound pickup component. 18. The intelligent voice device according to claim 12, wherein the microphone further comprises:
a sound insulator, arranged between the primary sound pickup channel and the secondary sound pickup channel, and configured to prevent mutual interference of sound waves between the primary sound pickup channel and the secondary sound pickup channel. 19. The intelligent voice device according to claim 12, wherein the primary sound pickup component and the secondary sound pickup component are disposed at different positions on a same wall of the housing, or at different walls of the housing. 20. The intelligent voice device according to claim 12, wherein the microphone further comprises:
an ASIC, coupled to the diaphragm, and configured to generate an audio electric signal according to the electric signal. | 2,100 |
346,957 | 16,805,429 | 2,175 | Methods of reactivating latent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in one or more cells of a patient infected with HIV are provided. Methods of treating HIV infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in a patient are also provided. The methods can include administering a crotonylation-inducing agent to the patient. The methods can also include administering a crotonylation-inducing agent and one or more additional latency reversal agents (LRAs) to the patient. Pharmaceutical compositions including a crotonylation-inducing agent or pharmaceutical compositions including a crotonylation-inducing agent and one or more additional LRAs are also provided. | 1. A method of reactivating a latent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in one or more cells of a patient infected with HIV, the method comprising administering a crotonylation-inducing agent to the patient to reactivate the latent HIV in the one or more cells of the patient. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the crotonylation-inducing agent is selected from at least one of sodium crotonate, crotonyl-coenzyme A (crotonyl-CoA), an agent that can activate crotonyl-CoA converting enzyme ACSS2, or an agent that can activate p300/CBP and/or MOF. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, further comprising administering a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor to the patient. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the HDAC inhibitor is selected from at least one of suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid (SBHA), trichostatin A (TSA), scriptaid, oxamflatin, givinostat (ITF2357), belinostat (PXD101), droxinostat, romidepsin, panobinostat, CG05/CG06, valproic acid (VPA), sodium butyrate, or apicidin. 5. The method of any one of claims 1-4, further comprising administering a protein kinase C (PKC) agonist to the patient. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the PKC agonist is selected from at least one of ingenol-3-angelate (PEP005), 12-deoxyphorbol-13-acetate (prostratin), bryostatin-1, or an analog thereof. 7. The method of any one of claims 1-6, further comprising administering an anti-HIV antibody to the patient. 8. The method of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the patient is being treated with a suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). 9. The method of any one of claims 1-8, further comprising administering suppressive ART to the patient. 10. The method of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the crotonylation-inducing agent is administered with at least one of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, an excipient, or a diluent. 11. A method of treating human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in a patient, the method comprising administering a crotonylation-inducing agent to the patient to reactivate a latent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the patient. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the crotonylation-inducing agent is selected from at least one of sodium crotonate, crotonyl-coenzyme A (crotonyl-CoA), an agent that can activate crotonyl-CoA converting enzyme ACSS2, or an agent that can activate p300/CBP and/or MOF. 13. The method of claim 11 or 12, further comprising administering a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor to the patient. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the HDAC inhibitor is selected from at least one of suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid (SBHA), trichostatin A (TSA), scriptaid, oxamflatin, givinostat (ITF2357), belinostat (PXD101), droxinostat, romidepsin, panobinostat, CG05/CG06, valproic acid (VPA), sodium butyrate, or apicidin. 15. The method of any one of claims 11-14, further comprising administering a protein kinase C (PKC) agonist to the patient. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the PKC agonist is selected from at least one of ingenol-3-angelate (PEP005), 12-deoxyphorbol-13-acetate (prostratin), bryostatin-1, or an analog thereof. 17. The method of any one of claims 11-16, further comprising administering an anti-HIV antibody to the patient. 18. The method of any one of claims 11-17, wherein the patient is being treated with a suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). 19. The method of any one of claims 11-18, further comprising administering suppressive ART to the patient. 20. The method of any one of claims 11-19, wherein the crotonylation-inducing agent is administered with at least one of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, an excipient, or a diluent. 21. A pharmaceutical composition for treating a patient infected with a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the pharmaceutical composition comprising a crotonylation-inducing agent. 22. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 21, wherein the crotonylation-inducing agent is selected from at least one of sodium crotonate, crotonyl-coenzyme A (crotonyl-CoA), an agent that can activate crotonyl-CoA converting enzyme ACSS2, or an agent that can activate p300/CBP and/or MOF. 23. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 21 or 22, further comprising a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. 24. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 23, wherein the HDAC inhibitor is selected from at least one of suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid (SBHA), trichostatin A (TSA), scriptaid, oxamflatin, givinostat (ITF2357), belinostat (PXD101), droxinostat, romidepsin, panobinostat, CG05/CG06, valproic acid (VPA), sodium butyrate, or apicidin. 25. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 21-24, further comprising a protein kinase C (PKC) agonist. 26. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 25, wherein the PKC agonist is selected from at least one of ingenol-3-angelate (PEP005), 12-deoxyphorbol-13-acetate (prostratin), bryostatin-1, or an analog thereof. 27. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 21-26, further comprising an anti-HIV antibody. 28. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 21-27, further comprising at least one of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, an excipient, and a diluent. 29. A method of reactivating a latent virus in one or more cells of a patient infected with the virus, the method comprising administering a crotonylation-inducing agent to the patient to reactivate the latent virus in the one or more cells of the patient. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the crotonylation-inducing agent is selected from at least one of sodium crotonate, crotonyl-coenzyme A (crotonyl-CoA), an agent that can activate crotonyl-CoA converting enzyme ACSS2, or an agent that can activate p300/CBP and/or MOF. 31. The method of claim 29 or 30, further comprising administering a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor to the patient. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the HDAC inhibitor is selected from at least one of suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid (SBHA), trichostatin A (TSA), scriptaid, oxamflatin, givinostat (ITF2357), belinostat (PXD101), droxinostat, romidepsin, panobinostat, CG05/CG06, valproic acid (VPA), sodium butyrate, or apicidin. 33. The method of any one of claims 29-32, further comprising administering a protein kinase C (PKC) agonist to the patient. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the PKC agonist is selected from at least one of ingenol-3-angelate (PEP005), 12-deoxyphorbol-13-acetate (prostratin), bryostatin-1, or an analog thereof. 35. The method of any one of claims 29-34, further comprising administering an antibody that is specific to the virus to the patient. 36. The method of any one of claims 29-35, wherein the patient is being treated with a suppressive antiviral therapy. 37. The method of any one of claims 29-35, further comprising administering suppressive antiviral therapy to the patient. 38. The method of any one of claims 29-37, wherein the crotonylation-inducing agent is administered with at least one of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, an excipient, or a diluent. 39. A pharmaceutical composition for treating a patient infected with a virus, the pharmaceutical composition comprising a crotonylation-inducing agent. 40. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 39, wherein the crotonylation-inducing agent is selected from at least one of sodium crotonate, crotonyl-coenzyme A (crotonyl-CoA), an agent that can activate crotonyl-CoA converting enzyme ACSS2, or an agent that can activate p300/CBP and/or MOF. 41. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 39 or 40, further comprising a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. 42. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 41, wherein the HDAC inhibitor is selected from at least one of suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid (SBHA), trichostatin A (TSA), scriptaid, oxamflatin, givinostat (ITF2357), belinostat (PXD101), droxinostat, romidepsin, panobinostat, CG05/CG06, valproic acid (VPA), sodium butyrate, or apicidin. 43. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 39-42, further comprising a protein kinase C (PKC) agonist. 44. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 43, wherein the PKC agonist is selected from at least one of ingenol-3-angelate (PEP005), 12-deoxyphorbol-13-acetate (prostratin), bryostatin-1, or an analog thereof. 45. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 39-44, further comprising an antibody specific to the virus. 46. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 39-45, further comprising at least one of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, an excipient, and a diluent. | Methods of reactivating latent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in one or more cells of a patient infected with HIV are provided. Methods of treating HIV infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in a patient are also provided. The methods can include administering a crotonylation-inducing agent to the patient. The methods can also include administering a crotonylation-inducing agent and one or more additional latency reversal agents (LRAs) to the patient. Pharmaceutical compositions including a crotonylation-inducing agent or pharmaceutical compositions including a crotonylation-inducing agent and one or more additional LRAs are also provided.1. A method of reactivating a latent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in one or more cells of a patient infected with HIV, the method comprising administering a crotonylation-inducing agent to the patient to reactivate the latent HIV in the one or more cells of the patient. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the crotonylation-inducing agent is selected from at least one of sodium crotonate, crotonyl-coenzyme A (crotonyl-CoA), an agent that can activate crotonyl-CoA converting enzyme ACSS2, or an agent that can activate p300/CBP and/or MOF. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, further comprising administering a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor to the patient. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the HDAC inhibitor is selected from at least one of suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid (SBHA), trichostatin A (TSA), scriptaid, oxamflatin, givinostat (ITF2357), belinostat (PXD101), droxinostat, romidepsin, panobinostat, CG05/CG06, valproic acid (VPA), sodium butyrate, or apicidin. 5. The method of any one of claims 1-4, further comprising administering a protein kinase C (PKC) agonist to the patient. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the PKC agonist is selected from at least one of ingenol-3-angelate (PEP005), 12-deoxyphorbol-13-acetate (prostratin), bryostatin-1, or an analog thereof. 7. The method of any one of claims 1-6, further comprising administering an anti-HIV antibody to the patient. 8. The method of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the patient is being treated with a suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). 9. The method of any one of claims 1-8, further comprising administering suppressive ART to the patient. 10. The method of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the crotonylation-inducing agent is administered with at least one of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, an excipient, or a diluent. 11. A method of treating human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in a patient, the method comprising administering a crotonylation-inducing agent to the patient to reactivate a latent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the patient. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the crotonylation-inducing agent is selected from at least one of sodium crotonate, crotonyl-coenzyme A (crotonyl-CoA), an agent that can activate crotonyl-CoA converting enzyme ACSS2, or an agent that can activate p300/CBP and/or MOF. 13. The method of claim 11 or 12, further comprising administering a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor to the patient. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the HDAC inhibitor is selected from at least one of suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid (SBHA), trichostatin A (TSA), scriptaid, oxamflatin, givinostat (ITF2357), belinostat (PXD101), droxinostat, romidepsin, panobinostat, CG05/CG06, valproic acid (VPA), sodium butyrate, or apicidin. 15. The method of any one of claims 11-14, further comprising administering a protein kinase C (PKC) agonist to the patient. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the PKC agonist is selected from at least one of ingenol-3-angelate (PEP005), 12-deoxyphorbol-13-acetate (prostratin), bryostatin-1, or an analog thereof. 17. The method of any one of claims 11-16, further comprising administering an anti-HIV antibody to the patient. 18. The method of any one of claims 11-17, wherein the patient is being treated with a suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). 19. The method of any one of claims 11-18, further comprising administering suppressive ART to the patient. 20. The method of any one of claims 11-19, wherein the crotonylation-inducing agent is administered with at least one of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, an excipient, or a diluent. 21. A pharmaceutical composition for treating a patient infected with a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the pharmaceutical composition comprising a crotonylation-inducing agent. 22. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 21, wherein the crotonylation-inducing agent is selected from at least one of sodium crotonate, crotonyl-coenzyme A (crotonyl-CoA), an agent that can activate crotonyl-CoA converting enzyme ACSS2, or an agent that can activate p300/CBP and/or MOF. 23. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 21 or 22, further comprising a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. 24. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 23, wherein the HDAC inhibitor is selected from at least one of suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid (SBHA), trichostatin A (TSA), scriptaid, oxamflatin, givinostat (ITF2357), belinostat (PXD101), droxinostat, romidepsin, panobinostat, CG05/CG06, valproic acid (VPA), sodium butyrate, or apicidin. 25. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 21-24, further comprising a protein kinase C (PKC) agonist. 26. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 25, wherein the PKC agonist is selected from at least one of ingenol-3-angelate (PEP005), 12-deoxyphorbol-13-acetate (prostratin), bryostatin-1, or an analog thereof. 27. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 21-26, further comprising an anti-HIV antibody. 28. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 21-27, further comprising at least one of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, an excipient, and a diluent. 29. A method of reactivating a latent virus in one or more cells of a patient infected with the virus, the method comprising administering a crotonylation-inducing agent to the patient to reactivate the latent virus in the one or more cells of the patient. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the crotonylation-inducing agent is selected from at least one of sodium crotonate, crotonyl-coenzyme A (crotonyl-CoA), an agent that can activate crotonyl-CoA converting enzyme ACSS2, or an agent that can activate p300/CBP and/or MOF. 31. The method of claim 29 or 30, further comprising administering a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor to the patient. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the HDAC inhibitor is selected from at least one of suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid (SBHA), trichostatin A (TSA), scriptaid, oxamflatin, givinostat (ITF2357), belinostat (PXD101), droxinostat, romidepsin, panobinostat, CG05/CG06, valproic acid (VPA), sodium butyrate, or apicidin. 33. The method of any one of claims 29-32, further comprising administering a protein kinase C (PKC) agonist to the patient. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the PKC agonist is selected from at least one of ingenol-3-angelate (PEP005), 12-deoxyphorbol-13-acetate (prostratin), bryostatin-1, or an analog thereof. 35. The method of any one of claims 29-34, further comprising administering an antibody that is specific to the virus to the patient. 36. The method of any one of claims 29-35, wherein the patient is being treated with a suppressive antiviral therapy. 37. The method of any one of claims 29-35, further comprising administering suppressive antiviral therapy to the patient. 38. The method of any one of claims 29-37, wherein the crotonylation-inducing agent is administered with at least one of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, an excipient, or a diluent. 39. A pharmaceutical composition for treating a patient infected with a virus, the pharmaceutical composition comprising a crotonylation-inducing agent. 40. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 39, wherein the crotonylation-inducing agent is selected from at least one of sodium crotonate, crotonyl-coenzyme A (crotonyl-CoA), an agent that can activate crotonyl-CoA converting enzyme ACSS2, or an agent that can activate p300/CBP and/or MOF. 41. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 39 or 40, further comprising a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. 42. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 41, wherein the HDAC inhibitor is selected from at least one of suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid (SBHA), trichostatin A (TSA), scriptaid, oxamflatin, givinostat (ITF2357), belinostat (PXD101), droxinostat, romidepsin, panobinostat, CG05/CG06, valproic acid (VPA), sodium butyrate, or apicidin. 43. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 39-42, further comprising a protein kinase C (PKC) agonist. 44. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 43, wherein the PKC agonist is selected from at least one of ingenol-3-angelate (PEP005), 12-deoxyphorbol-13-acetate (prostratin), bryostatin-1, or an analog thereof. 45. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 39-44, further comprising an antibody specific to the virus. 46. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 39-45, further comprising at least one of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, an excipient, and a diluent. | 2,100 |
346,958 | 16,805,419 | 2,175 | Embodiments described herein generally relate to a processing chamber having one or more gas inlet ports located at a bottom of the processing chamber. Gas flowing into the processing chamber via the one or more gas inlet ports is directed along a lower side wall of the processing chamber by a plate located over each of the one or more gas inlet ports or by an angled opening of each of the one or more gas inlet ports. The one or more gas inlet ports and the plates may be located at one end of the processing chamber, and the gas flow is directed towards an exhaust port located at the opposite end of the processing chamber by the plates or the angled openings. Thus, more gas can be flowed into the processing chamber without dislodging particles from a lid of the processing chamber. | 1. A processing chamber, comprising:
a bottom having an oval shape; a lower side wall disposed on the bottom; an upper side wall disposed on the lower side wall, the upper side wall having a circular shape; a lid disposed on the upper side wall; a process gas injection port disposed on the lid; one or more gas inlet ports located in the bottom adjacent to the lower side wall; and an exhaust enclosure coupled to the bottom. 2. The processing chamber of claim 1, wherein each gas inlet of the one or more gas inlets has a first cross-sectional area and each gas inlet port of the one or more gas inlet ports has a second cross-sectional area, wherein the second cross-sectional area is larger than the first cross-sectional area. 3. The processing chamber of claim 2, wherein each gas inlet port of the one or more gas inlet ports is a slit-like opening that conforms to an azimuth of the lower side wall. 4. The processing chamber of claim 3, wherein the slit-like opening forms an angle of about zero degrees with the bottom. 5. The processing chamber of claim 3, wherein the slit-like opening forms an angle greater than zero degrees with the bottom. 6. The processing chamber of claim 1, further comprising:
a substrate support, wherein the substrate support has an edge located radially inward from an edge of the one or more gas inlet ports. 7. A processing chamber, comprising:
a bottom having a first region and a second region; a lower side wall disposed on the bottom, wherein the lower side wall has a first region and a second region, wherein the first region and the second region of the lower side wall are connected so that the lower side wall forms a continuous oval shape; an upper side wall disposed on the first region of the lower side wall, the upper side wall having a circular shape; a lid disposed on the upper side wall; a process gas injection port disposed on the lid; one or more gas inlet ports located in the first region of the bottom, the one or more gas inlet ports being disposed adjacent to the first region of the lower side wall; one or more gas inlets, each gas inlet of the one or more gas inlets being coupled to a corresponding gas inlet port of the one or more gas inlet ports, and each gas inlet of the one or more gas inlets including a slit-like opening that conforms to an azimuth of the lower side wall; and an exhaust enclosure coupled to the second region of the bottom. 8. The processing chamber of claim 7, wherein the slit-like opening forms an angle of about zero degrees with a basis plane of the processing chamber. 9. The processing chamber of claim 8, wherein the slit-like opening forms an angle greater than zero degrees with a basis plane of the processing chamber. 10. The processing chamber of claim 7, wherein the one or more gas inlet ports comprises two gas inlet ports. 11. The processing chamber of claim 10, wherein the two gas inlet ports are symmetrical with respect to an axis extending from the first region of the bottom to the second region of the bottom. 12. The processing chamber of claim 7, further comprising:
a substrate support, wherein the substrate support has an edge located radially inward from an edge of the one or more gas inlet ports. 13. A processing chamber, comprising:
a bottom having a first region and a second region; a lower side wall disposed on the bottom, wherein the lower side wall has a first region and a second region; an upper side wall disposed on the first region of the lower side wall; a lid disposed on the upper side wall; a process gas injection port disposed on the lid; one or more gas inlet ports located in the first region of the bottom adjacent to the first region of the lower side wall; one or more plates disposed within the processing chamber, each plate of the one or more plates being disposed over a corresponding gas inlet port of the one or more gas inlet ports, and each plate of the one or more plates being supported by a plurality of supports coupled to a surface of the plate; a plurality of columns coupled to the one or more plates; and an exhaust enclosure coupled to the second region of the bottom. 14. The processing chamber of claim 13, wherein the plurality of supports are disposed on the first region of the bottom. 15. The processing chamber of claim 13, wherein the plurality of supports are fabricated from the same material as the one or more plates. 16. The processing chamber of claim 13, wherein each column of the plurality of columns has a thickness that is greater than a thickness of each support of the plurality of supports. 17. The processing chamber of claim 13, wherein each column of the plurality of columns is fabricated from the same material as the plurality of supports. 18. The processing chamber of claim 13, wherein each of the one or more plates includes a major surface facing a respective gas inlet port of the one or more gas inlet ports, wherein the major surface has a surface area that is greater than a cross sectional area of the respective gas inlet port. 19. The processing chamber of claim 13, wherein each of the one or more plates includes a major surface facing a respective gas inlet port of the one or more gas inlet ports, wherein the major surface has a surface area that is smaller than or equal to a cross sectional area of the respective gas inlet ports. 20. The processing chamber of claim 13, wherein each plate of the plurality of plates and a corresponding support of the plurality of supports comprise a single piece of material. | Embodiments described herein generally relate to a processing chamber having one or more gas inlet ports located at a bottom of the processing chamber. Gas flowing into the processing chamber via the one or more gas inlet ports is directed along a lower side wall of the processing chamber by a plate located over each of the one or more gas inlet ports or by an angled opening of each of the one or more gas inlet ports. The one or more gas inlet ports and the plates may be located at one end of the processing chamber, and the gas flow is directed towards an exhaust port located at the opposite end of the processing chamber by the plates or the angled openings. Thus, more gas can be flowed into the processing chamber without dislodging particles from a lid of the processing chamber.1. A processing chamber, comprising:
a bottom having an oval shape; a lower side wall disposed on the bottom; an upper side wall disposed on the lower side wall, the upper side wall having a circular shape; a lid disposed on the upper side wall; a process gas injection port disposed on the lid; one or more gas inlet ports located in the bottom adjacent to the lower side wall; and an exhaust enclosure coupled to the bottom. 2. The processing chamber of claim 1, wherein each gas inlet of the one or more gas inlets has a first cross-sectional area and each gas inlet port of the one or more gas inlet ports has a second cross-sectional area, wherein the second cross-sectional area is larger than the first cross-sectional area. 3. The processing chamber of claim 2, wherein each gas inlet port of the one or more gas inlet ports is a slit-like opening that conforms to an azimuth of the lower side wall. 4. The processing chamber of claim 3, wherein the slit-like opening forms an angle of about zero degrees with the bottom. 5. The processing chamber of claim 3, wherein the slit-like opening forms an angle greater than zero degrees with the bottom. 6. The processing chamber of claim 1, further comprising:
a substrate support, wherein the substrate support has an edge located radially inward from an edge of the one or more gas inlet ports. 7. A processing chamber, comprising:
a bottom having a first region and a second region; a lower side wall disposed on the bottom, wherein the lower side wall has a first region and a second region, wherein the first region and the second region of the lower side wall are connected so that the lower side wall forms a continuous oval shape; an upper side wall disposed on the first region of the lower side wall, the upper side wall having a circular shape; a lid disposed on the upper side wall; a process gas injection port disposed on the lid; one or more gas inlet ports located in the first region of the bottom, the one or more gas inlet ports being disposed adjacent to the first region of the lower side wall; one or more gas inlets, each gas inlet of the one or more gas inlets being coupled to a corresponding gas inlet port of the one or more gas inlet ports, and each gas inlet of the one or more gas inlets including a slit-like opening that conforms to an azimuth of the lower side wall; and an exhaust enclosure coupled to the second region of the bottom. 8. The processing chamber of claim 7, wherein the slit-like opening forms an angle of about zero degrees with a basis plane of the processing chamber. 9. The processing chamber of claim 8, wherein the slit-like opening forms an angle greater than zero degrees with a basis plane of the processing chamber. 10. The processing chamber of claim 7, wherein the one or more gas inlet ports comprises two gas inlet ports. 11. The processing chamber of claim 10, wherein the two gas inlet ports are symmetrical with respect to an axis extending from the first region of the bottom to the second region of the bottom. 12. The processing chamber of claim 7, further comprising:
a substrate support, wherein the substrate support has an edge located radially inward from an edge of the one or more gas inlet ports. 13. A processing chamber, comprising:
a bottom having a first region and a second region; a lower side wall disposed on the bottom, wherein the lower side wall has a first region and a second region; an upper side wall disposed on the first region of the lower side wall; a lid disposed on the upper side wall; a process gas injection port disposed on the lid; one or more gas inlet ports located in the first region of the bottom adjacent to the first region of the lower side wall; one or more plates disposed within the processing chamber, each plate of the one or more plates being disposed over a corresponding gas inlet port of the one or more gas inlet ports, and each plate of the one or more plates being supported by a plurality of supports coupled to a surface of the plate; a plurality of columns coupled to the one or more plates; and an exhaust enclosure coupled to the second region of the bottom. 14. The processing chamber of claim 13, wherein the plurality of supports are disposed on the first region of the bottom. 15. The processing chamber of claim 13, wherein the plurality of supports are fabricated from the same material as the one or more plates. 16. The processing chamber of claim 13, wherein each column of the plurality of columns has a thickness that is greater than a thickness of each support of the plurality of supports. 17. The processing chamber of claim 13, wherein each column of the plurality of columns is fabricated from the same material as the plurality of supports. 18. The processing chamber of claim 13, wherein each of the one or more plates includes a major surface facing a respective gas inlet port of the one or more gas inlet ports, wherein the major surface has a surface area that is greater than a cross sectional area of the respective gas inlet port. 19. The processing chamber of claim 13, wherein each of the one or more plates includes a major surface facing a respective gas inlet port of the one or more gas inlet ports, wherein the major surface has a surface area that is smaller than or equal to a cross sectional area of the respective gas inlet ports. 20. The processing chamber of claim 13, wherein each plate of the plurality of plates and a corresponding support of the plurality of supports comprise a single piece of material. | 2,100 |
346,959 | 16,805,394 | 2,175 | Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may transmit a sounding reference signal (SRS) on a plurality of antenna ports. The UE may transmit the SRS on one or more virtual antenna ports, the one or more virtual antenna ports being based at least in part on the plurality of antenna ports. Numerous other aspects are provided. | 1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
transmitting a sounding reference signal (SRS) on a plurality of antenna ports mapped to a first SRS resource of an SRS resource set for the UE to use to transmit the SRS to a base station; and transmitting the SRS on one or more virtual antenna ports mapped to a second SRS resource of the SRS resource set,
a quantity of the one or more virtual antenna ports mapped to the second SRS resource being different from a quantity of the plurality of antenna ports mapped to the first SRS resource. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of antenna ports, the one or more virtual antenna ports, and a different virtual antenna port are included in the SRS resource set. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the SRS resource set further includes a third SRS resource that is mapped to a different virtual antenna. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
precoding the plurality of antenna ports; and generating a virtual antenna port, of the one or more virtual antenna ports, based at least in part on precoding the plurality of antenna ports. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein an uplink precoder, used for precoding the plurality of antenna ports, is indicated in at least one of a table, a specification, or a standard. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising receiving an indication of an uplink precoder in a signaling communication, wherein precoding the plurality of antenna ports comprises precoding the plurality of antenna ports based at least in part on the uplink precoder. 7. The method of claim 4, further comprising selecting an uplink precoder, used for precoding the plurality of antenna ports, based at least in part on the plurality of antenna ports being non-coherent. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
precoding the plurality of antenna ports based at least in part on a first uplink precoder; generating a first virtual antenna port, of the one or more virtual antenna ports, based at least in part on precoding the plurality of antenna ports based at least in part on the first uplink precoder; precoding the plurality of antenna ports based at least in part on a second uplink precoder; and generating a second virtual antenna port, of the one or more virtual antenna ports, based at least in part on precoding the plurality of antenna ports based at least in part on the second uplink precoder. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
applying a cyclic delay diversity (CDD) cyclic shift to one or more antenna ports of the plurality of antenna ports; and generating a virtual antenna port, of the one or more virtual antenna ports, based at least in part on the CDD cyclic shift applied to the one or more antenna ports. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more virtual antenna ports are associated with different, respective transmitted precoder matrix indicators (TPMIs). 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a request from a base station to transmit the SRS on the plurality of antenna ports and the one or more virtual antenna ports, wherein transmitting the SRS on the plurality of antenna ports and the one or more virtual antenna ports comprises transmitting the SRS on the plurality of antenna ports and the one or more virtual antenna ports based at least in part on receiving the request. 12. (canceled) 13. A method of wireless communication performed by a base station (B S), comprising:
receiving a sounding reference signal (SRS) on a plurality of antenna ports mapped to a first SRS resource of an SRS resource set for a user equipment (UE) to use to transmit the SRS to the BS; receiving the SRS on one or more virtual antenna ports mapped to a second SRS resource of the SRS resource set,
a quantity of the one or more virtual antenna ports mapped to the second SRS resource being different from a quantity of the plurality of antenna ports mapped to the first SRS resource;
identifying the one or more virtual antenna ports based at least in part on the receiving the SRS on the one or more virtual antenna ports; and transmitting a signaling communication that schedules a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission for the one or more virtual antenna ports. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the plurality of antenna ports, the one or more virtual antenna ports, and a different virtual antenna port are included in the SRS resource set. 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the SRS resource set further includes a third SRS resource mapped to a different virtual antenna port. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein a virtual antenna port, of the one or more virtual antenna ports, is based at least in part on precoding the plurality of antenna ports. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein an uplink precoder, used for precoding the plurality of antenna ports, is indicated in at least one of a table, a specification, or a standard. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising transmitting another signaling communication indicating an uplink precoder that is to be used for precoding the plurality of antenna ports. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein an uplink precoder, used for precoding the plurality of antenna ports, is selected based at least in part on the plurality of antenna ports being non-coherent. 22. The method of claim 13, wherein a virtual antenna port, of the one or more virtual antenna ports, is based at least in part on a first uplink precoder across the plurality of antenna ports, and wherein a different virtual antenna port is based at least in part on a second uplink precoder across the plurality of antenna ports. 23. The method of claim 13, wherein a virtual antenna port, of the one or more virtual antenna ports, is based at least in part on a cyclic delay diversity (CDD) cyclic shift applied to one or more antenna ports of the plurality of antenna ports. 24. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more virtual antenna ports are associated with respective transmitted precoder matrix indicators (TPMIs). 25. (canceled) 26. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
transmit a sounding reference signal (SRS) on a plurality of antenna ports mapped to a first SRS resource of an SRS resource set for the UE to use to transmit the SRS to a base station; and
transmit the SRS on one or more virtual antenna ports mapped to a second SRS resource of the SRS resource set,
a quantity of the one or more virtual antenna ports mapped to the second SRS resource being different from a quantity of the plurality of antenna ports mapped to the first SRS resource. 27. The UE of claim 26, wherein the plurality of antenna ports, the one or more virtual antenna ports, and a different virtual antenna port are included in the SRS resource set. 28. The UE of claim 26, wherein the SRS resource set further includes a third SRS resource that is mapped to a different virtual antenna. 29. A base station (BS) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
receive a sounding reference signal (SRS) on a plurality of antenna ports mapped to a first SRS resource of an SRS resource set for a user equipment (UE) to use to transmit the SRS to the BS;
receive the SRS on one or more virtual antenna ports mapped to a second SRS resource of the SRS resource set,
a quantity of the one or more virtual antenna ports mapped to the second SRS resource being different from a quantity of the plurality of antenna ports mapped to the first SRS resource;
identify the one or more virtual antenna ports based at least in part on the receiving the SRS on the one or more virtual antenna ports; and
transmit a signaling communication that schedules a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission for the one or more virtual antenna ports. 30. The BS of claim 29, wherein the SRS resource set, further includes a third SRS resource mapped to a different virtual antenna port. 31. The method of claim 1,
wherein the quantity of the one or more virtual antenna ports is a single virtual antenna port, and wherein the quantity of the plurality of antenna ports is two antenna ports. 32. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the SRS on the one or more virtual antenna ports comprises:
transmitting, to the base station, the SRS on the one or more virtual antenna ports after transmitting the SRS on the plurality of antenna ports to the base station. 33. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
combining the plurality of antenna ports to generate the one or more virtual antenna ports. 34. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the SRS on the plurality of antenna ports indicates the virtual antenna port to a base station. | Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may transmit a sounding reference signal (SRS) on a plurality of antenna ports. The UE may transmit the SRS on one or more virtual antenna ports, the one or more virtual antenna ports being based at least in part on the plurality of antenna ports. Numerous other aspects are provided.1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
transmitting a sounding reference signal (SRS) on a plurality of antenna ports mapped to a first SRS resource of an SRS resource set for the UE to use to transmit the SRS to a base station; and transmitting the SRS on one or more virtual antenna ports mapped to a second SRS resource of the SRS resource set,
a quantity of the one or more virtual antenna ports mapped to the second SRS resource being different from a quantity of the plurality of antenna ports mapped to the first SRS resource. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of antenna ports, the one or more virtual antenna ports, and a different virtual antenna port are included in the SRS resource set. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the SRS resource set further includes a third SRS resource that is mapped to a different virtual antenna. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
precoding the plurality of antenna ports; and generating a virtual antenna port, of the one or more virtual antenna ports, based at least in part on precoding the plurality of antenna ports. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein an uplink precoder, used for precoding the plurality of antenna ports, is indicated in at least one of a table, a specification, or a standard. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising receiving an indication of an uplink precoder in a signaling communication, wherein precoding the plurality of antenna ports comprises precoding the plurality of antenna ports based at least in part on the uplink precoder. 7. The method of claim 4, further comprising selecting an uplink precoder, used for precoding the plurality of antenna ports, based at least in part on the plurality of antenna ports being non-coherent. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
precoding the plurality of antenna ports based at least in part on a first uplink precoder; generating a first virtual antenna port, of the one or more virtual antenna ports, based at least in part on precoding the plurality of antenna ports based at least in part on the first uplink precoder; precoding the plurality of antenna ports based at least in part on a second uplink precoder; and generating a second virtual antenna port, of the one or more virtual antenna ports, based at least in part on precoding the plurality of antenna ports based at least in part on the second uplink precoder. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
applying a cyclic delay diversity (CDD) cyclic shift to one or more antenna ports of the plurality of antenna ports; and generating a virtual antenna port, of the one or more virtual antenna ports, based at least in part on the CDD cyclic shift applied to the one or more antenna ports. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more virtual antenna ports are associated with different, respective transmitted precoder matrix indicators (TPMIs). 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a request from a base station to transmit the SRS on the plurality of antenna ports and the one or more virtual antenna ports, wherein transmitting the SRS on the plurality of antenna ports and the one or more virtual antenna ports comprises transmitting the SRS on the plurality of antenna ports and the one or more virtual antenna ports based at least in part on receiving the request. 12. (canceled) 13. A method of wireless communication performed by a base station (B S), comprising:
receiving a sounding reference signal (SRS) on a plurality of antenna ports mapped to a first SRS resource of an SRS resource set for a user equipment (UE) to use to transmit the SRS to the BS; receiving the SRS on one or more virtual antenna ports mapped to a second SRS resource of the SRS resource set,
a quantity of the one or more virtual antenna ports mapped to the second SRS resource being different from a quantity of the plurality of antenna ports mapped to the first SRS resource;
identifying the one or more virtual antenna ports based at least in part on the receiving the SRS on the one or more virtual antenna ports; and transmitting a signaling communication that schedules a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission for the one or more virtual antenna ports. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the plurality of antenna ports, the one or more virtual antenna ports, and a different virtual antenna port are included in the SRS resource set. 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the SRS resource set further includes a third SRS resource mapped to a different virtual antenna port. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein a virtual antenna port, of the one or more virtual antenna ports, is based at least in part on precoding the plurality of antenna ports. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein an uplink precoder, used for precoding the plurality of antenna ports, is indicated in at least one of a table, a specification, or a standard. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising transmitting another signaling communication indicating an uplink precoder that is to be used for precoding the plurality of antenna ports. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein an uplink precoder, used for precoding the plurality of antenna ports, is selected based at least in part on the plurality of antenna ports being non-coherent. 22. The method of claim 13, wherein a virtual antenna port, of the one or more virtual antenna ports, is based at least in part on a first uplink precoder across the plurality of antenna ports, and wherein a different virtual antenna port is based at least in part on a second uplink precoder across the plurality of antenna ports. 23. The method of claim 13, wherein a virtual antenna port, of the one or more virtual antenna ports, is based at least in part on a cyclic delay diversity (CDD) cyclic shift applied to one or more antenna ports of the plurality of antenna ports. 24. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more virtual antenna ports are associated with respective transmitted precoder matrix indicators (TPMIs). 25. (canceled) 26. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
transmit a sounding reference signal (SRS) on a plurality of antenna ports mapped to a first SRS resource of an SRS resource set for the UE to use to transmit the SRS to a base station; and
transmit the SRS on one or more virtual antenna ports mapped to a second SRS resource of the SRS resource set,
a quantity of the one or more virtual antenna ports mapped to the second SRS resource being different from a quantity of the plurality of antenna ports mapped to the first SRS resource. 27. The UE of claim 26, wherein the plurality of antenna ports, the one or more virtual antenna ports, and a different virtual antenna port are included in the SRS resource set. 28. The UE of claim 26, wherein the SRS resource set further includes a third SRS resource that is mapped to a different virtual antenna. 29. A base station (BS) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
receive a sounding reference signal (SRS) on a plurality of antenna ports mapped to a first SRS resource of an SRS resource set for a user equipment (UE) to use to transmit the SRS to the BS;
receive the SRS on one or more virtual antenna ports mapped to a second SRS resource of the SRS resource set,
a quantity of the one or more virtual antenna ports mapped to the second SRS resource being different from a quantity of the plurality of antenna ports mapped to the first SRS resource;
identify the one or more virtual antenna ports based at least in part on the receiving the SRS on the one or more virtual antenna ports; and
transmit a signaling communication that schedules a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission for the one or more virtual antenna ports. 30. The BS of claim 29, wherein the SRS resource set, further includes a third SRS resource mapped to a different virtual antenna port. 31. The method of claim 1,
wherein the quantity of the one or more virtual antenna ports is a single virtual antenna port, and wherein the quantity of the plurality of antenna ports is two antenna ports. 32. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the SRS on the one or more virtual antenna ports comprises:
transmitting, to the base station, the SRS on the one or more virtual antenna ports after transmitting the SRS on the plurality of antenna ports to the base station. 33. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
combining the plurality of antenna ports to generate the one or more virtual antenna ports. 34. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the SRS on the plurality of antenna ports indicates the virtual antenna port to a base station. | 2,100 |
346,960 | 16,805,469 | 2,175 | A software as a service platform employing novel means and methods to do algorithmic generation, qualification, and ranking for potential sales leads targeting a wide range of products that fall under the category of human consumable nondurable goods. By utilizing a wide range of qualitative and quantitative product, sales, and purchaser data as well as manual, hybrid, or algorithmic methods to extract meaningful features from this data and classifiers based on a variety of predictive models such as statistical models, rulesets, clustering models, neural networks, bayesian models, support vector machines, decision trees, graphs, regression models, and many others, the present invention provides a novel framework for the generation, qualification, and ranking of potential sales leads for human consumable nondurable goods. | 1. A sales lead qualification, discovery, and sorting system comprising the following:
a set of one or more persistent data stores of merchant, product, and sales data; a set of one or more persistent data stores of product data pertaining to human consumable non-durable goods that includes subjective metrics such as tasting profiles; a set of one or more programmatic engines used to normalize and reconcile merchant, product, and sales data; a set of one or more feature extraction algorithms or programmatic engines used to extract features from merchant, product, and sales data sets, and store them for future use; a classification and ranking system which takes one or more products and one or more preference criteria as input and uses a set of one or more algorithms or programmatic engines to generate a ranked list of potential merchant customers for the one or more products. 2. The persistent data store(s) of claim 1, wherein merchant, product, and sales data may be acquired and aggregated from internal or external sources via local or remote static data files, databases, APIs, real or non real time signals, systemic feedback, website access, and human interactions using programmatic or non programmatic methods. 3. The persistent data store(s) of claim 1, wherein the merchant data set includes data such as geographic information, demographic information, market information (for instance place type, reviews, menus, pricing, etc), and second order information extracted and appended by the programmatic engines used to normalize and reconcile merchant, product, and sales data of claim 1. 4. The persistent data store(s) of claim 1, wherein the products data store of subjective metrics includes data that may be human curated or generated via programmatic rule engine(s), independent classification system(s), or third-party data source(s). 5. The persistent data store(s) of claim 1, wherein the sales data set includes information such as the products sold, the merchant, unique product identifiers, unique merchant or purchaser identifier(s), sales date, number of units sold, unit definition, per unit sale price, total sales, or relevant systemic metadata. 6. The set of programmatic normalization and reconciliation engine(s) of claim 1, wherein the engine(s) are used to clean, normalize, associate, deduplicate, and store the merchant, product, and sales data sets which have been aggregated from one or more internal or external sources. 7. The feature extraction algorithm(s) or programmatic engine(s) of claim 1, wherein the features of the product, merchant, and sale data are extracted using methods such as human interactions, rule engines, statistical methods, and machine learning algorithms such as linear regression, logistic regression, cluster analysis, or neural networks. 8. The classification and ranking system(s) of claim 1, wherein the features extracted by the feature extraction algorithm(s) or programmatic engine(s) of claim 1 are used to train a machine learning model that can be used to classify and rank potential merchants. 9. The algorithm(s) or programmatic engine(s) used in classification and ranking of claim 1, wherein features are selected from the feature data store used in claim 1 and then submitted to one to n classification algorithms such as statistical models, rulesets, clustering models, neural networks, bayesian models, support vector machines, decision trees, graphs, regression models, random classification, or human classification. 10. The algorithm(s) or programmatic engine(s) used in classification and ranking of claim 1, wherein methods and models employed for qualifying and ranking output results may include user defined white lists, black lists, preferences, or filters. 11. A sales lead qualification, discovery, and sorting system comprising the following:
a set of one or more persistent data stores of merchant, product, and sales data; a set of one or more persistent data stores of product data pertaining to human consumable non-durable goods that includes subjective metrics such as tasting profiles; a set of one or more programmatic engines used to normalize and reconcile merchant, product, and sales data; a set of one or more feature extraction algorithms or programmatic engines used to extract features from merchant, product, and sales data sets, and store them for future use; a classification and ranking system which takes one or more merchants and one or more user preference criteria as input and uses a set of one or more algorithms or programmatic engines to generate a ranked list of potential products for the set of one or more merchants. 12. The persistent data store(s) of claim 11, wherein the merchant data set includes data such as physical location information, aggregate demographic customer data, purchasing history, product listings, reviews, ratings, aggregate pricing data, inventory history, event calendar, merchant preferences, and relevant systemic metadata. 13. The persistent data store(s) of claim 11, wherein the product data set includes data such as tasting notes, wholesale pricing, retail pricing, recipes, flavor pairings, cuisine matching, reviews, ratings, chemical analysis, ingredient listings, product name, product type, product subtype, producer name, producer location, producer notes, production notes, production date, sell by date, and relevant systemic metadata. 14. The persistent data store(s) of claim 11, wherein the sales data set includes information such as the products sold, the merchant, unique product identifiers, unique merchant or purchaser identifier(s), sales date, number of units sold, unit definition, per unit sale price, total sales, or relevant systemic metadata. 15. The persistent data store(s) of claim 11, wherein merchant, product, and sales data may be acquired and aggregated from internal or external sources via local or remote static data files, databases, APIs, real or non real time signals, systemic feedback, website access, and human interactions using programmatic or non programmatic methods. 16. The set of programmatic normalization and reconciliation engine(s) of claim 11, wherein the engine(s) are used to clean, normalize, associate, and deduplicate the merchant, product, and sales data sets which have been aggregated from one or more internal or external sources. 17. The feature extraction algorithm(s) or programmatic engine(s) of claim 11, wherein methods employed for feature extraction may include human interactions, rule engines, statistical methods, and machine learning algorithms such as linear regression, logistic regression, cluster analysis, or neural networks. 18. The classification and ranking system(s) of claim 11, wherein the features extracted by the feature extraction algorithm(s) or programmatic engine(s) of claim 11 are used to train a machine learning model that can be used to classify and rank potential merchants. 19. The algorithm(s) or programmatic engine(s) used in classification and ranking of claim 11, wherein features are selected from the feature data store used in claim 11 and then submitted to one to n classification algorithms such as statistical models, rulesets, clustering models, neural networks, bayesian models, support vector machines, decision trees, graphs, regression models, random classification, or human classification. 20. The algorithm(s) or programmatic engine(s) used in classification and ranking of claim 11, wherein methods and models employed for qualifying and ranking output results may include user defined white lists, black lists, preferences, or filters. | A software as a service platform employing novel means and methods to do algorithmic generation, qualification, and ranking for potential sales leads targeting a wide range of products that fall under the category of human consumable nondurable goods. By utilizing a wide range of qualitative and quantitative product, sales, and purchaser data as well as manual, hybrid, or algorithmic methods to extract meaningful features from this data and classifiers based on a variety of predictive models such as statistical models, rulesets, clustering models, neural networks, bayesian models, support vector machines, decision trees, graphs, regression models, and many others, the present invention provides a novel framework for the generation, qualification, and ranking of potential sales leads for human consumable nondurable goods.1. A sales lead qualification, discovery, and sorting system comprising the following:
a set of one or more persistent data stores of merchant, product, and sales data; a set of one or more persistent data stores of product data pertaining to human consumable non-durable goods that includes subjective metrics such as tasting profiles; a set of one or more programmatic engines used to normalize and reconcile merchant, product, and sales data; a set of one or more feature extraction algorithms or programmatic engines used to extract features from merchant, product, and sales data sets, and store them for future use; a classification and ranking system which takes one or more products and one or more preference criteria as input and uses a set of one or more algorithms or programmatic engines to generate a ranked list of potential merchant customers for the one or more products. 2. The persistent data store(s) of claim 1, wherein merchant, product, and sales data may be acquired and aggregated from internal or external sources via local or remote static data files, databases, APIs, real or non real time signals, systemic feedback, website access, and human interactions using programmatic or non programmatic methods. 3. The persistent data store(s) of claim 1, wherein the merchant data set includes data such as geographic information, demographic information, market information (for instance place type, reviews, menus, pricing, etc), and second order information extracted and appended by the programmatic engines used to normalize and reconcile merchant, product, and sales data of claim 1. 4. The persistent data store(s) of claim 1, wherein the products data store of subjective metrics includes data that may be human curated or generated via programmatic rule engine(s), independent classification system(s), or third-party data source(s). 5. The persistent data store(s) of claim 1, wherein the sales data set includes information such as the products sold, the merchant, unique product identifiers, unique merchant or purchaser identifier(s), sales date, number of units sold, unit definition, per unit sale price, total sales, or relevant systemic metadata. 6. The set of programmatic normalization and reconciliation engine(s) of claim 1, wherein the engine(s) are used to clean, normalize, associate, deduplicate, and store the merchant, product, and sales data sets which have been aggregated from one or more internal or external sources. 7. The feature extraction algorithm(s) or programmatic engine(s) of claim 1, wherein the features of the product, merchant, and sale data are extracted using methods such as human interactions, rule engines, statistical methods, and machine learning algorithms such as linear regression, logistic regression, cluster analysis, or neural networks. 8. The classification and ranking system(s) of claim 1, wherein the features extracted by the feature extraction algorithm(s) or programmatic engine(s) of claim 1 are used to train a machine learning model that can be used to classify and rank potential merchants. 9. The algorithm(s) or programmatic engine(s) used in classification and ranking of claim 1, wherein features are selected from the feature data store used in claim 1 and then submitted to one to n classification algorithms such as statistical models, rulesets, clustering models, neural networks, bayesian models, support vector machines, decision trees, graphs, regression models, random classification, or human classification. 10. The algorithm(s) or programmatic engine(s) used in classification and ranking of claim 1, wherein methods and models employed for qualifying and ranking output results may include user defined white lists, black lists, preferences, or filters. 11. A sales lead qualification, discovery, and sorting system comprising the following:
a set of one or more persistent data stores of merchant, product, and sales data; a set of one or more persistent data stores of product data pertaining to human consumable non-durable goods that includes subjective metrics such as tasting profiles; a set of one or more programmatic engines used to normalize and reconcile merchant, product, and sales data; a set of one or more feature extraction algorithms or programmatic engines used to extract features from merchant, product, and sales data sets, and store them for future use; a classification and ranking system which takes one or more merchants and one or more user preference criteria as input and uses a set of one or more algorithms or programmatic engines to generate a ranked list of potential products for the set of one or more merchants. 12. The persistent data store(s) of claim 11, wherein the merchant data set includes data such as physical location information, aggregate demographic customer data, purchasing history, product listings, reviews, ratings, aggregate pricing data, inventory history, event calendar, merchant preferences, and relevant systemic metadata. 13. The persistent data store(s) of claim 11, wherein the product data set includes data such as tasting notes, wholesale pricing, retail pricing, recipes, flavor pairings, cuisine matching, reviews, ratings, chemical analysis, ingredient listings, product name, product type, product subtype, producer name, producer location, producer notes, production notes, production date, sell by date, and relevant systemic metadata. 14. The persistent data store(s) of claim 11, wherein the sales data set includes information such as the products sold, the merchant, unique product identifiers, unique merchant or purchaser identifier(s), sales date, number of units sold, unit definition, per unit sale price, total sales, or relevant systemic metadata. 15. The persistent data store(s) of claim 11, wherein merchant, product, and sales data may be acquired and aggregated from internal or external sources via local or remote static data files, databases, APIs, real or non real time signals, systemic feedback, website access, and human interactions using programmatic or non programmatic methods. 16. The set of programmatic normalization and reconciliation engine(s) of claim 11, wherein the engine(s) are used to clean, normalize, associate, and deduplicate the merchant, product, and sales data sets which have been aggregated from one or more internal or external sources. 17. The feature extraction algorithm(s) or programmatic engine(s) of claim 11, wherein methods employed for feature extraction may include human interactions, rule engines, statistical methods, and machine learning algorithms such as linear regression, logistic regression, cluster analysis, or neural networks. 18. The classification and ranking system(s) of claim 11, wherein the features extracted by the feature extraction algorithm(s) or programmatic engine(s) of claim 11 are used to train a machine learning model that can be used to classify and rank potential merchants. 19. The algorithm(s) or programmatic engine(s) used in classification and ranking of claim 11, wherein features are selected from the feature data store used in claim 11 and then submitted to one to n classification algorithms such as statistical models, rulesets, clustering models, neural networks, bayesian models, support vector machines, decision trees, graphs, regression models, random classification, or human classification. 20. The algorithm(s) or programmatic engine(s) used in classification and ranking of claim 11, wherein methods and models employed for qualifying and ranking output results may include user defined white lists, black lists, preferences, or filters. | 2,100 |
346,961 | 16,805,402 | 2,175 | In one embodiment, the invention relates to systems, methods, and apparatus relating to the detection of a neuropathy such as a periopertive neuropathy. In one embodiment, a wristband comprising a plurality of anodes and cathodes is used. The wristband can be a component in a electrode array that includes a plurality of reference or recording electrodes. The electrode array can be configured to stimulate and collect responsive signals from an ulnar, a median, radial and posterior tibial nerve. The simulation and signal collection can be performed on a continuous basis for time periods of interest such as a given perioperative time period using a monitoring device. | 1. A nerve monitoring system comprising
a wristband comprising
a first pair of electrodes,
a second pair of electrodes,
a third pair of electrodes, and
an elongate flexible substrate, first electrode, second electrode, and third electrode disposed in or on the flexible substrate; and
a first electrical lead having an electrode contacting end and a monitoring device contacting end, the electrode contacting end in electrical communication with at least one electrode in the first pair of electrodes. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first pair of electrodes is positioned relative to the elongate flexible substrate such that each electrode in the first pair is positionable above a median nerve when the wristband is worn. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the second pair of electrodes is positioned relative to the elongate flexible substrate such that each electrode in the second pair is positionable above a radial nerve when the wristband is worn. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the third pair of electrodes is positioned relative to the elongate flexible substrate such that each electrode in the third pair is positionable above an ulnar nerve when the wristband is worn. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the flexible substrate has one or more demarcations configured to identify a boundary between one or more nerves or bones disposed relative to nerves. 6. The system of claim 1 further comprising a second electrical lead having an electrode contacting end and a monitoring device contacting end, the electrode contacting end in electrical communication with at least one electrode in the second pair of electrodes. 7. The system of claim 6 further comprising a third electrical lead having an electrode contacting end and a monitoring device contacting end, the electrode contacting end in electrical communication with at least one electrode in the third pair of electrodes. 8. The system of claim 1 further comprising a monitoring device in electrical communication with the monitoring device contacting end of the first electrical lead, the monitoring device configured to stimulate one or more electrodes in the first electrode pair and monitor responsive signals from one or more of a radial, ulnar or median nerve. 9. The system of claim 8 wherein the monitoring device comprises
a housing,
one or more electrode input ports configured to connect to one or more electrical leads,
a processor disposed in the housing,
a memory storage device configured to store measured baseline signals,
a timer configured to synchronize pulse delivery,
a pulse generator configured to transmit a plurality of pulses along the first electrical lead,
a comparator configured to detect deviations in responsive nerve signals generated following pulse delivery to a nerve, and
an alarm generator configured to indicate a change from a first patient state to a second patient state, the memory storage device, the timer, the pulse generator, and the comparator in electrical communication with and responsive to processor control signals. 10. The system of claim 8 further comprising an adapter configured to interface with an anesthesia machine such that alerts, nerve signals, or combinations thereof are presented on a display of the anesthesia machine. 11. A processor-based method of detecting a neuropathy in a patient comprising
noninvasively monitoring a first nerve, a second nerve, and a third nerve, wherein the first nerve, the second nerve, and the third nerve are at least partially disposed in the wrist of the patient; electrically stimulating the first, second, and third nerves; detecting a deviation relative to a baseline signal with respect to a responsive signal generated by one or more of the first, second, and third nerves following the electric stimulation using a processor; comparing the deviation to a predetermined threshold using a processor; and generating an alert indicative of the neuropathy when the deviation exceeds a predetermined threshold. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the neuropathy is a perioperative neuropathy and the alert is displayed on an anesthesia machine. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein the first nerve is a radial nerve, wherein the second nerve is a median nerve and wherein the third nerve is an ulnar nerve. 14. The method of claim 11 further comprising noninvasively monitoring a fourth nerve at least partially disposed below a knee of the patient. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the fourth nerve is a posterior tibial nerve and wherein the responsive signal is generated by one or more of the first, second, third and fourth nerves. 16. A nerve monitoring system comprising
an input port configured to receive a plurality of time varying electrical signals from one or more reference electrodes in a non-invasive electrode array; a comparator in electrical communication with the input port; a processor in electrical communication with the comparator; a display device in electrical communication with the processor; and a memory device storing a plurality of instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to operate with the display device and the comparator to:
(a) control the comparator and cause it to compare one or more of the plurality of time varying electrical signals to one or more baseline signals;
(b) determine when a deviation between a baseline signal and one or received signals from the electrode array exceeds an alarm threshold; and control the display device such that an alarm signal is displayed when the alarm threshold has been exceeded. 17. The nerve monitoring system of claim 16 wherein the non-invasive electrode array is configured to collect signals from N+M positions on a patient by contacting a skin surface without piercing the same. 18. The nerve monitoring system of claim 17 wherein the electrode array comprises N anode and cathode pairs and M reference electrodes such that each anode and cathode in a pair is positioned to stimulate one or more monitored nerves and each reference electrode is positioned to measure one or more baseline nerves or baseline positions. 19. The nerve monitoring system of claim 18 wherein N is greater than or equal to six and M is six. 20. The nerve monitoring system of claim 18 wherein the monitored nerves comprise a radial nerve of a first hand, an ulnar nerve of the first hand, a median nerve of the first hand, a radial nerve of a second hand, an ulnar nerve of the second hand, and a median nerve of the second hand. 21-24. (canceled) | In one embodiment, the invention relates to systems, methods, and apparatus relating to the detection of a neuropathy such as a periopertive neuropathy. In one embodiment, a wristband comprising a plurality of anodes and cathodes is used. The wristband can be a component in a electrode array that includes a plurality of reference or recording electrodes. The electrode array can be configured to stimulate and collect responsive signals from an ulnar, a median, radial and posterior tibial nerve. The simulation and signal collection can be performed on a continuous basis for time periods of interest such as a given perioperative time period using a monitoring device.1. A nerve monitoring system comprising
a wristband comprising
a first pair of electrodes,
a second pair of electrodes,
a third pair of electrodes, and
an elongate flexible substrate, first electrode, second electrode, and third electrode disposed in or on the flexible substrate; and
a first electrical lead having an electrode contacting end and a monitoring device contacting end, the electrode contacting end in electrical communication with at least one electrode in the first pair of electrodes. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first pair of electrodes is positioned relative to the elongate flexible substrate such that each electrode in the first pair is positionable above a median nerve when the wristband is worn. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the second pair of electrodes is positioned relative to the elongate flexible substrate such that each electrode in the second pair is positionable above a radial nerve when the wristband is worn. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the third pair of electrodes is positioned relative to the elongate flexible substrate such that each electrode in the third pair is positionable above an ulnar nerve when the wristband is worn. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the flexible substrate has one or more demarcations configured to identify a boundary between one or more nerves or bones disposed relative to nerves. 6. The system of claim 1 further comprising a second electrical lead having an electrode contacting end and a monitoring device contacting end, the electrode contacting end in electrical communication with at least one electrode in the second pair of electrodes. 7. The system of claim 6 further comprising a third electrical lead having an electrode contacting end and a monitoring device contacting end, the electrode contacting end in electrical communication with at least one electrode in the third pair of electrodes. 8. The system of claim 1 further comprising a monitoring device in electrical communication with the monitoring device contacting end of the first electrical lead, the monitoring device configured to stimulate one or more electrodes in the first electrode pair and monitor responsive signals from one or more of a radial, ulnar or median nerve. 9. The system of claim 8 wherein the monitoring device comprises
a housing,
one or more electrode input ports configured to connect to one or more electrical leads,
a processor disposed in the housing,
a memory storage device configured to store measured baseline signals,
a timer configured to synchronize pulse delivery,
a pulse generator configured to transmit a plurality of pulses along the first electrical lead,
a comparator configured to detect deviations in responsive nerve signals generated following pulse delivery to a nerve, and
an alarm generator configured to indicate a change from a first patient state to a second patient state, the memory storage device, the timer, the pulse generator, and the comparator in electrical communication with and responsive to processor control signals. 10. The system of claim 8 further comprising an adapter configured to interface with an anesthesia machine such that alerts, nerve signals, or combinations thereof are presented on a display of the anesthesia machine. 11. A processor-based method of detecting a neuropathy in a patient comprising
noninvasively monitoring a first nerve, a second nerve, and a third nerve, wherein the first nerve, the second nerve, and the third nerve are at least partially disposed in the wrist of the patient; electrically stimulating the first, second, and third nerves; detecting a deviation relative to a baseline signal with respect to a responsive signal generated by one or more of the first, second, and third nerves following the electric stimulation using a processor; comparing the deviation to a predetermined threshold using a processor; and generating an alert indicative of the neuropathy when the deviation exceeds a predetermined threshold. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the neuropathy is a perioperative neuropathy and the alert is displayed on an anesthesia machine. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein the first nerve is a radial nerve, wherein the second nerve is a median nerve and wherein the third nerve is an ulnar nerve. 14. The method of claim 11 further comprising noninvasively monitoring a fourth nerve at least partially disposed below a knee of the patient. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the fourth nerve is a posterior tibial nerve and wherein the responsive signal is generated by one or more of the first, second, third and fourth nerves. 16. A nerve monitoring system comprising
an input port configured to receive a plurality of time varying electrical signals from one or more reference electrodes in a non-invasive electrode array; a comparator in electrical communication with the input port; a processor in electrical communication with the comparator; a display device in electrical communication with the processor; and a memory device storing a plurality of instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to operate with the display device and the comparator to:
(a) control the comparator and cause it to compare one or more of the plurality of time varying electrical signals to one or more baseline signals;
(b) determine when a deviation between a baseline signal and one or received signals from the electrode array exceeds an alarm threshold; and control the display device such that an alarm signal is displayed when the alarm threshold has been exceeded. 17. The nerve monitoring system of claim 16 wherein the non-invasive electrode array is configured to collect signals from N+M positions on a patient by contacting a skin surface without piercing the same. 18. The nerve monitoring system of claim 17 wherein the electrode array comprises N anode and cathode pairs and M reference electrodes such that each anode and cathode in a pair is positioned to stimulate one or more monitored nerves and each reference electrode is positioned to measure one or more baseline nerves or baseline positions. 19. The nerve monitoring system of claim 18 wherein N is greater than or equal to six and M is six. 20. The nerve monitoring system of claim 18 wherein the monitored nerves comprise a radial nerve of a first hand, an ulnar nerve of the first hand, a median nerve of the first hand, a radial nerve of a second hand, an ulnar nerve of the second hand, and a median nerve of the second hand. 21-24. (canceled) | 2,100 |
346,962 | 16,805,409 | 2,175 | A container for an aerosol-generating device is provided, including: a first compartment being sealed and tubular, and including a nicotine source; a second compartment being sealed and tubular, and including a delivery enhancing compound; and a transfer section disposed between the first compartment and the second compartment, at least one of the first compartment and the second compartment including a recessed end, and the transfer section being formed by a recess when one end of the first compartment abuts one end of the second compartment. | 1. A container for an aerosol-generating device, comprising:
a first compartment being sealed and tubular, and comprising a nicotine source; a second compartment being sealed and tubular, and comprising a delivery enhancing compound; and a transfer section disposed between the first compartment and the second compartment, wherein at least one of the first compartment and the second compartment comprises a recessed end, and wherein the transfer section is formed by a recess when one end of the first compartment abuts one end of the second compartment. 2. The container according to claim 1, further comprising a further portion; and a further transfer section disposed either between the first compartment and the further portion or between the second compartment and the further portion. 3. The container according to claim 2, wherein the further transfer section is formed by at least one recessed end of one of: the first compartment, the second compartment, and the further portion. 4. The container according to claim 1, wherein a portion of the at least one recessed end is configured to overlay at least a portion of an adjacent compartment. 5. The container according to claim 4, wherein the portion of the at least one recessed end overlays said portion of the adjacent compartment and abuts a neck portion of the adjacent compartment. 6. The container according to claim 4, wherein the portion of the at least one recessed end overlays said portion of the adjacent compartment is adhered to the adjacent compartment. 7. The container according to claim 1, wherein the first compartment and the second compartment are affixed to each other. | A container for an aerosol-generating device is provided, including: a first compartment being sealed and tubular, and including a nicotine source; a second compartment being sealed and tubular, and including a delivery enhancing compound; and a transfer section disposed between the first compartment and the second compartment, at least one of the first compartment and the second compartment including a recessed end, and the transfer section being formed by a recess when one end of the first compartment abuts one end of the second compartment.1. A container for an aerosol-generating device, comprising:
a first compartment being sealed and tubular, and comprising a nicotine source; a second compartment being sealed and tubular, and comprising a delivery enhancing compound; and a transfer section disposed between the first compartment and the second compartment, wherein at least one of the first compartment and the second compartment comprises a recessed end, and wherein the transfer section is formed by a recess when one end of the first compartment abuts one end of the second compartment. 2. The container according to claim 1, further comprising a further portion; and a further transfer section disposed either between the first compartment and the further portion or between the second compartment and the further portion. 3. The container according to claim 2, wherein the further transfer section is formed by at least one recessed end of one of: the first compartment, the second compartment, and the further portion. 4. The container according to claim 1, wherein a portion of the at least one recessed end is configured to overlay at least a portion of an adjacent compartment. 5. The container according to claim 4, wherein the portion of the at least one recessed end overlays said portion of the adjacent compartment and abuts a neck portion of the adjacent compartment. 6. The container according to claim 4, wherein the portion of the at least one recessed end overlays said portion of the adjacent compartment is adhered to the adjacent compartment. 7. The container according to claim 1, wherein the first compartment and the second compartment are affixed to each other. | 2,100 |
346,963 | 16,805,421 | 2,175 | A cutting insert has a cutting edge formed on part of an intersecting ridge line portion of an upper face or a lower face and a side face. The cutting edge includes a major cutting edge, a minor cutting edge, and a connecting cutting edge that connects the major cutting edge and the minor cutting edge. A minor cutting edge flank that is part of the side face and that corresponds to the minor cutting edge includes a first minor cutting edge flank that connects to the minor cutting edge and that has a clearance angle of 0°, and a second minor cutting edge flank that connects to the first minor cutting edge flank and that has a clearance angle of a negative value. A connecting cutting edge flank that is part of the side face and that corresponds to the connecting cutting edge includes a first connecting cutting edge flank that connects to the connecting cutting edge and that has a clearance angle of 0° or greater, and a second connecting cutting edge flank that connects to the first connecting cutting edge flank and has a clearance angle that is greater than the clearance angle of the first connecting cutting edge flank. | 1. A cutting insert, comprising:
an upper face; a lower face; and a side face connecting the upper face and the lower face; wherein a cutting edge is formed on at least part of an intersecting ridge line portion of the upper face and the side face, wherein the cutting edge includes
a major cutting edge,
a minor cutting edge, and
a connecting cutting edge that connects the major cutting edge and the minor cutting edge,
wherein a minor cutting edge flank that is part of the side face and that corresponds to the minor cutting edge includes
a first minor cutting edge flank that connects to the minor cutting edge and that has a clearance angle of 0°, and
a second minor cutting edge flank that connects to the first minor cutting edge flank and that has a clearance angle of a negative value,
wherein a connecting cutting edge flank that is part of the side face and that corresponds to the connecting cutting edge includes
a first connecting cutting edge flank that connects to the connecting cutting edge and that has a clearance angle of 0° or greater, and
a second connecting cutting edge flank that connects to the first connecting cutting edge flank and has a clearance angle that is greater than the clearance angle of the first connecting cutting edge flank. 2. The cutting insert according to claim 1,
wherein the connecting cutting edge flank further includes
a third connecting cutting edge flank that connects to the second connecting cutting edge flank,
wherein the clearance angle of the first connecting cutting edge flank is 0°, the clearance angle of the second connecting cutting edge flank is a positive value, and the clearance angle of the third connecting cutting edge flank is 0°, and wherein the minor cutting edge flank further includes
a third minor cutting edge flank that connects to the second minor cutting edge flank and that has a clearance angle of 0°. 3. The cutting insert according to claim 2,
wherein, in top view, the third minor cutting edge flank is situated outward from the first minor cutting edge flank, and the third connecting cutting edge flank is situated inward from the first connecting cutting edge flank. 4. The cutting insert according to claim 1,
wherein an angle a formed by the major cutting edge and the minor cutting edge is 70°<a<100°. 5. The cutting insert according to claim 2,
wherein an angle a formed by the major cutting edge and the minor cutting edge is 70°<a<100°. 6. The cutting insert according to claim 3,
wherein an angle a formed by the major cutting edge and the minor cutting edge is 70°<a<100°. 7. The cutting insert according to claim 1,
wherein the connecting cutting edge curves outward in top view. 8. The cutting insert according to claim 2,
wherein the connecting cutting edge curves outward in top view. 9. The cutting insert according to claim 3,
wherein the connecting cutting edge curves outward in top view. 10. The cutting insert according to claim 4,
wherein the connecting cutting edge curves outward in top view. 11. The cutting insert according to claim 5,
wherein the connecting cutting edge curves outward in top view. 12. The cutting insert according to claim 6,
wherein the connecting cutting edge curves outward in top view. 13. The cutting insert according to claim 1,
wherein an outline shape in top view and an outline shape in bottom view are the same. 14. The cutting insert according to claim 1,
wherein the upper face has a general regular polygonal shape. 15. The cutting insert according to claim 13,
wherein the connecting cutting edge of the upper face and the connecting cutting edge of the lower face do not overlap in top view. 16. The cutting insert according to claim 1,
wherein the connecting cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the minor cutting edge of the lower face, and the minor cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the connecting cutting edge of the lower face. 17. The cutting insert according to claim 2,
wherein the connecting cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the minor cutting edge of the lower face, and the minor cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the connecting cutting edge of the lower face. 18. The cutting insert according to claim 4,
wherein the connecting cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the minor cutting edge of the lower face, and the minor cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the connecting cutting edge of the lower face. 19. The cutting insert according to claim 7,
wherein the connecting cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the minor cutting edge of the lower face, and the minor cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the connecting cutting edge of the lower face. 20. The cutting insert according to claim 13,
wherein the connecting cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the minor cutting edge of the lower face, and the minor cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the connecting cutting edge of the lower face. | A cutting insert has a cutting edge formed on part of an intersecting ridge line portion of an upper face or a lower face and a side face. The cutting edge includes a major cutting edge, a minor cutting edge, and a connecting cutting edge that connects the major cutting edge and the minor cutting edge. A minor cutting edge flank that is part of the side face and that corresponds to the minor cutting edge includes a first minor cutting edge flank that connects to the minor cutting edge and that has a clearance angle of 0°, and a second minor cutting edge flank that connects to the first minor cutting edge flank and that has a clearance angle of a negative value. A connecting cutting edge flank that is part of the side face and that corresponds to the connecting cutting edge includes a first connecting cutting edge flank that connects to the connecting cutting edge and that has a clearance angle of 0° or greater, and a second connecting cutting edge flank that connects to the first connecting cutting edge flank and has a clearance angle that is greater than the clearance angle of the first connecting cutting edge flank.1. A cutting insert, comprising:
an upper face; a lower face; and a side face connecting the upper face and the lower face; wherein a cutting edge is formed on at least part of an intersecting ridge line portion of the upper face and the side face, wherein the cutting edge includes
a major cutting edge,
a minor cutting edge, and
a connecting cutting edge that connects the major cutting edge and the minor cutting edge,
wherein a minor cutting edge flank that is part of the side face and that corresponds to the minor cutting edge includes
a first minor cutting edge flank that connects to the minor cutting edge and that has a clearance angle of 0°, and
a second minor cutting edge flank that connects to the first minor cutting edge flank and that has a clearance angle of a negative value,
wherein a connecting cutting edge flank that is part of the side face and that corresponds to the connecting cutting edge includes
a first connecting cutting edge flank that connects to the connecting cutting edge and that has a clearance angle of 0° or greater, and
a second connecting cutting edge flank that connects to the first connecting cutting edge flank and has a clearance angle that is greater than the clearance angle of the first connecting cutting edge flank. 2. The cutting insert according to claim 1,
wherein the connecting cutting edge flank further includes
a third connecting cutting edge flank that connects to the second connecting cutting edge flank,
wherein the clearance angle of the first connecting cutting edge flank is 0°, the clearance angle of the second connecting cutting edge flank is a positive value, and the clearance angle of the third connecting cutting edge flank is 0°, and wherein the minor cutting edge flank further includes
a third minor cutting edge flank that connects to the second minor cutting edge flank and that has a clearance angle of 0°. 3. The cutting insert according to claim 2,
wherein, in top view, the third minor cutting edge flank is situated outward from the first minor cutting edge flank, and the third connecting cutting edge flank is situated inward from the first connecting cutting edge flank. 4. The cutting insert according to claim 1,
wherein an angle a formed by the major cutting edge and the minor cutting edge is 70°<a<100°. 5. The cutting insert according to claim 2,
wherein an angle a formed by the major cutting edge and the minor cutting edge is 70°<a<100°. 6. The cutting insert according to claim 3,
wherein an angle a formed by the major cutting edge and the minor cutting edge is 70°<a<100°. 7. The cutting insert according to claim 1,
wherein the connecting cutting edge curves outward in top view. 8. The cutting insert according to claim 2,
wherein the connecting cutting edge curves outward in top view. 9. The cutting insert according to claim 3,
wherein the connecting cutting edge curves outward in top view. 10. The cutting insert according to claim 4,
wherein the connecting cutting edge curves outward in top view. 11. The cutting insert according to claim 5,
wherein the connecting cutting edge curves outward in top view. 12. The cutting insert according to claim 6,
wherein the connecting cutting edge curves outward in top view. 13. The cutting insert according to claim 1,
wherein an outline shape in top view and an outline shape in bottom view are the same. 14. The cutting insert according to claim 1,
wherein the upper face has a general regular polygonal shape. 15. The cutting insert according to claim 13,
wherein the connecting cutting edge of the upper face and the connecting cutting edge of the lower face do not overlap in top view. 16. The cutting insert according to claim 1,
wherein the connecting cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the minor cutting edge of the lower face, and the minor cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the connecting cutting edge of the lower face. 17. The cutting insert according to claim 2,
wherein the connecting cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the minor cutting edge of the lower face, and the minor cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the connecting cutting edge of the lower face. 18. The cutting insert according to claim 4,
wherein the connecting cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the minor cutting edge of the lower face, and the minor cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the connecting cutting edge of the lower face. 19. The cutting insert according to claim 7,
wherein the connecting cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the minor cutting edge of the lower face, and the minor cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the connecting cutting edge of the lower face. 20. The cutting insert according to claim 13,
wherein the connecting cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the minor cutting edge of the lower face, and the minor cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the connecting cutting edge of the lower face. | 2,100 |
346,964 | 16,805,414 | 2,175 | A cutting insert has a cutting edge formed on part of an intersecting ridge line portion of an upper face or a lower face and a side face. The cutting edge includes a major cutting edge, a minor cutting edge, and a connecting cutting edge that connects the major cutting edge and the minor cutting edge. A minor cutting edge flank that is part of the side face and that corresponds to the minor cutting edge includes a first minor cutting edge flank that connects to the minor cutting edge and that has a clearance angle of 0°, and a second minor cutting edge flank that connects to the first minor cutting edge flank and that has a clearance angle of a negative value. A connecting cutting edge flank that is part of the side face and that corresponds to the connecting cutting edge includes a first connecting cutting edge flank that connects to the connecting cutting edge and that has a clearance angle of 0° or greater, and a second connecting cutting edge flank that connects to the first connecting cutting edge flank and has a clearance angle that is greater than the clearance angle of the first connecting cutting edge flank. | 1. A cutting insert, comprising:
an upper face; a lower face; and a side face connecting the upper face and the lower face; wherein a cutting edge is formed on at least part of an intersecting ridge line portion of the upper face and the side face, wherein the cutting edge includes
a major cutting edge,
a minor cutting edge, and
a connecting cutting edge that connects the major cutting edge and the minor cutting edge,
wherein a minor cutting edge flank that is part of the side face and that corresponds to the minor cutting edge includes
a first minor cutting edge flank that connects to the minor cutting edge and that has a clearance angle of 0°, and
a second minor cutting edge flank that connects to the first minor cutting edge flank and that has a clearance angle of a negative value,
wherein a connecting cutting edge flank that is part of the side face and that corresponds to the connecting cutting edge includes
a first connecting cutting edge flank that connects to the connecting cutting edge and that has a clearance angle of 0° or greater, and
a second connecting cutting edge flank that connects to the first connecting cutting edge flank and has a clearance angle that is greater than the clearance angle of the first connecting cutting edge flank. 2. The cutting insert according to claim 1,
wherein the connecting cutting edge flank further includes
a third connecting cutting edge flank that connects to the second connecting cutting edge flank,
wherein the clearance angle of the first connecting cutting edge flank is 0°, the clearance angle of the second connecting cutting edge flank is a positive value, and the clearance angle of the third connecting cutting edge flank is 0°, and wherein the minor cutting edge flank further includes
a third minor cutting edge flank that connects to the second minor cutting edge flank and that has a clearance angle of 0°. 3. The cutting insert according to claim 2,
wherein, in top view, the third minor cutting edge flank is situated outward from the first minor cutting edge flank, and the third connecting cutting edge flank is situated inward from the first connecting cutting edge flank. 4. The cutting insert according to claim 1,
wherein an angle a formed by the major cutting edge and the minor cutting edge is 70°<a<100°. 5. The cutting insert according to claim 2,
wherein an angle a formed by the major cutting edge and the minor cutting edge is 70°<a<100°. 6. The cutting insert according to claim 3,
wherein an angle a formed by the major cutting edge and the minor cutting edge is 70°<a<100°. 7. The cutting insert according to claim 1,
wherein the connecting cutting edge curves outward in top view. 8. The cutting insert according to claim 2,
wherein the connecting cutting edge curves outward in top view. 9. The cutting insert according to claim 3,
wherein the connecting cutting edge curves outward in top view. 10. The cutting insert according to claim 4,
wherein the connecting cutting edge curves outward in top view. 11. The cutting insert according to claim 5,
wherein the connecting cutting edge curves outward in top view. 12. The cutting insert according to claim 6,
wherein the connecting cutting edge curves outward in top view. 13. The cutting insert according to claim 1,
wherein an outline shape in top view and an outline shape in bottom view are the same. 14. The cutting insert according to claim 1,
wherein the upper face has a general regular polygonal shape. 15. The cutting insert according to claim 13,
wherein the connecting cutting edge of the upper face and the connecting cutting edge of the lower face do not overlap in top view. 16. The cutting insert according to claim 1,
wherein the connecting cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the minor cutting edge of the lower face, and the minor cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the connecting cutting edge of the lower face. 17. The cutting insert according to claim 2,
wherein the connecting cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the minor cutting edge of the lower face, and the minor cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the connecting cutting edge of the lower face. 18. The cutting insert according to claim 4,
wherein the connecting cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the minor cutting edge of the lower face, and the minor cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the connecting cutting edge of the lower face. 19. The cutting insert according to claim 7,
wherein the connecting cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the minor cutting edge of the lower face, and the minor cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the connecting cutting edge of the lower face. 20. The cutting insert according to claim 13,
wherein the connecting cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the minor cutting edge of the lower face, and the minor cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the connecting cutting edge of the lower face. | A cutting insert has a cutting edge formed on part of an intersecting ridge line portion of an upper face or a lower face and a side face. The cutting edge includes a major cutting edge, a minor cutting edge, and a connecting cutting edge that connects the major cutting edge and the minor cutting edge. A minor cutting edge flank that is part of the side face and that corresponds to the minor cutting edge includes a first minor cutting edge flank that connects to the minor cutting edge and that has a clearance angle of 0°, and a second minor cutting edge flank that connects to the first minor cutting edge flank and that has a clearance angle of a negative value. A connecting cutting edge flank that is part of the side face and that corresponds to the connecting cutting edge includes a first connecting cutting edge flank that connects to the connecting cutting edge and that has a clearance angle of 0° or greater, and a second connecting cutting edge flank that connects to the first connecting cutting edge flank and has a clearance angle that is greater than the clearance angle of the first connecting cutting edge flank.1. A cutting insert, comprising:
an upper face; a lower face; and a side face connecting the upper face and the lower face; wherein a cutting edge is formed on at least part of an intersecting ridge line portion of the upper face and the side face, wherein the cutting edge includes
a major cutting edge,
a minor cutting edge, and
a connecting cutting edge that connects the major cutting edge and the minor cutting edge,
wherein a minor cutting edge flank that is part of the side face and that corresponds to the minor cutting edge includes
a first minor cutting edge flank that connects to the minor cutting edge and that has a clearance angle of 0°, and
a second minor cutting edge flank that connects to the first minor cutting edge flank and that has a clearance angle of a negative value,
wherein a connecting cutting edge flank that is part of the side face and that corresponds to the connecting cutting edge includes
a first connecting cutting edge flank that connects to the connecting cutting edge and that has a clearance angle of 0° or greater, and
a second connecting cutting edge flank that connects to the first connecting cutting edge flank and has a clearance angle that is greater than the clearance angle of the first connecting cutting edge flank. 2. The cutting insert according to claim 1,
wherein the connecting cutting edge flank further includes
a third connecting cutting edge flank that connects to the second connecting cutting edge flank,
wherein the clearance angle of the first connecting cutting edge flank is 0°, the clearance angle of the second connecting cutting edge flank is a positive value, and the clearance angle of the third connecting cutting edge flank is 0°, and wherein the minor cutting edge flank further includes
a third minor cutting edge flank that connects to the second minor cutting edge flank and that has a clearance angle of 0°. 3. The cutting insert according to claim 2,
wherein, in top view, the third minor cutting edge flank is situated outward from the first minor cutting edge flank, and the third connecting cutting edge flank is situated inward from the first connecting cutting edge flank. 4. The cutting insert according to claim 1,
wherein an angle a formed by the major cutting edge and the minor cutting edge is 70°<a<100°. 5. The cutting insert according to claim 2,
wherein an angle a formed by the major cutting edge and the minor cutting edge is 70°<a<100°. 6. The cutting insert according to claim 3,
wherein an angle a formed by the major cutting edge and the minor cutting edge is 70°<a<100°. 7. The cutting insert according to claim 1,
wherein the connecting cutting edge curves outward in top view. 8. The cutting insert according to claim 2,
wherein the connecting cutting edge curves outward in top view. 9. The cutting insert according to claim 3,
wherein the connecting cutting edge curves outward in top view. 10. The cutting insert according to claim 4,
wherein the connecting cutting edge curves outward in top view. 11. The cutting insert according to claim 5,
wherein the connecting cutting edge curves outward in top view. 12. The cutting insert according to claim 6,
wherein the connecting cutting edge curves outward in top view. 13. The cutting insert according to claim 1,
wherein an outline shape in top view and an outline shape in bottom view are the same. 14. The cutting insert according to claim 1,
wherein the upper face has a general regular polygonal shape. 15. The cutting insert according to claim 13,
wherein the connecting cutting edge of the upper face and the connecting cutting edge of the lower face do not overlap in top view. 16. The cutting insert according to claim 1,
wherein the connecting cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the minor cutting edge of the lower face, and the minor cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the connecting cutting edge of the lower face. 17. The cutting insert according to claim 2,
wherein the connecting cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the minor cutting edge of the lower face, and the minor cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the connecting cutting edge of the lower face. 18. The cutting insert according to claim 4,
wherein the connecting cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the minor cutting edge of the lower face, and the minor cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the connecting cutting edge of the lower face. 19. The cutting insert according to claim 7,
wherein the connecting cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the minor cutting edge of the lower face, and the minor cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the connecting cutting edge of the lower face. 20. The cutting insert according to claim 13,
wherein the connecting cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the minor cutting edge of the lower face, and the minor cutting edge flank of the upper face connects to the connecting cutting edge of the lower face. | 2,100 |
346,965 | 16,805,439 | 2,175 | A service unit apparatus, which is suited to support one or more service equipment devices such as a fuel-powered engine, an electric motor, an electric power generator, a hydraulic pump, a crane, an air compressor, tanks to hold compressed air, batteries, a battery charger, a power unit and/or a reservoir of hydraulic fluid. The service unit may be configured to attach to a service vehicle rearward of the cab of the service vehicle. The service unit may be constructed to include one or more outriggers. | 1. A service unit apparatus for installation on a service vehicle having a structural frame rearward of cab of the service vehicle, the structural frame having a top side, The apparatus comprising:
A support framework separate from the service vehicle and its frame, the support framework comprising one or more support members, the support members having a top support surface, the support framework defining a first end and a second end, the support framework for supporting one or more service equipment devices, the support framework comprising:
A first support surface comprising or supported by the top surface of at least one of the support members of the support framework;
A second support surface comprising a step-down support surface at one end of the support framework, the second support surface disposed vertically lower than the first support surface;
A housing disposed on the support framework; One or more service equipment devices enclosed within the housing; One or more outriggers attached to the support framework; and A crane disposed on the step-down surface of the second support surface. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the support framework and housing are contained within a footprint width of about twenty-four inches. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein one of the service equipment devices comprises a fuel combustion engine and the fuel combustion engine powers one or more of the other service equipment devices. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein one of the service equipment devices is an electric motor and the electric motor powers one or more of the other service equipment devices. 5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein one of the service equipment devices is an electric power unit and the electric power unit provides electrical power to one or more of the other service equipment devices. 6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein one of the service equipment devices is air compressor. 7. The apparatus of claim 6 further comprising a tank for receiving and holding compressed air generated by the air compressor, the tank attached to the air compressor, the tank further comprising one or more couplings for connection to one or more power tools or to one or more of the other service equipment devices. 8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the tank is disposed adjacent or between one or more support members of the support framework. 9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the support framework is configured for attachment to the structural frame of the service vehicle rearward of the cab of the service vehicle. 10. A service unit apparatus for installation on a service vehicle having a structural frame rearward of cab of the service vehicle, the structural frame having a top side, The apparatus comprising:
A support framework separate from the service vehicle and its frame, the support framework comprising one or more support members, the support members having a top support surface, the support framework defining a first end and a second end, the support framework for supporting one or more service equipment devices, the support framework comprising:
A first support surface comprising or supported by the top surface of at least one of the support members of the support framework; and
A second support surface comprising a step-down support surface at one end of the support framework, the second support surface disposed vertically lower than the first support surface, the second support surface configured to support a crane. 11. The apparatus of claim 10 comprising a width from about twelve to about thirty-six inches. 12. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the step-down support surface is disposed lower than the top side of the structural frame of the service vehicle when the support framework is connected to the structural frame of the service vehicle. 13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the step-down support surface is disposed from about four inches to about twenty-four inches lower than the top of the first support surface. 14. The apparatus of claim 10, the support framework further comprising a third support surface disposed vertically higher than vertical height of the first and second support surfaces. 15. The apparatus of claim 14 further comprising one or more service equipment devices supported on or by the first support surface and/or the third support surface. 16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the one or more service equipment comprises a fuel-powered engine, an electric motor, an electric power generator, a hydraulic pump, an air compressor, tanks to hold compressed air, batteries, a battery charger, a power unit and/or a reservoir of hydraulic fluid. 17. The apparatus of claim 16 further comprising a housing, the housing enclosing one or more service equipment devices. 18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein the housing has a width of about twenty-four inches. 19. The apparatus of claim 10 further comprising one or more outriggers attached at or near the first end and/or at or near the second end of the support framework. 20. The apparatus of claim 10 further comprising a crane, the crane attached to the second support surface. | A service unit apparatus, which is suited to support one or more service equipment devices such as a fuel-powered engine, an electric motor, an electric power generator, a hydraulic pump, a crane, an air compressor, tanks to hold compressed air, batteries, a battery charger, a power unit and/or a reservoir of hydraulic fluid. The service unit may be configured to attach to a service vehicle rearward of the cab of the service vehicle. The service unit may be constructed to include one or more outriggers.1. A service unit apparatus for installation on a service vehicle having a structural frame rearward of cab of the service vehicle, the structural frame having a top side, The apparatus comprising:
A support framework separate from the service vehicle and its frame, the support framework comprising one or more support members, the support members having a top support surface, the support framework defining a first end and a second end, the support framework for supporting one or more service equipment devices, the support framework comprising:
A first support surface comprising or supported by the top surface of at least one of the support members of the support framework;
A second support surface comprising a step-down support surface at one end of the support framework, the second support surface disposed vertically lower than the first support surface;
A housing disposed on the support framework; One or more service equipment devices enclosed within the housing; One or more outriggers attached to the support framework; and A crane disposed on the step-down surface of the second support surface. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the support framework and housing are contained within a footprint width of about twenty-four inches. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein one of the service equipment devices comprises a fuel combustion engine and the fuel combustion engine powers one or more of the other service equipment devices. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein one of the service equipment devices is an electric motor and the electric motor powers one or more of the other service equipment devices. 5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein one of the service equipment devices is an electric power unit and the electric power unit provides electrical power to one or more of the other service equipment devices. 6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein one of the service equipment devices is air compressor. 7. The apparatus of claim 6 further comprising a tank for receiving and holding compressed air generated by the air compressor, the tank attached to the air compressor, the tank further comprising one or more couplings for connection to one or more power tools or to one or more of the other service equipment devices. 8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the tank is disposed adjacent or between one or more support members of the support framework. 9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the support framework is configured for attachment to the structural frame of the service vehicle rearward of the cab of the service vehicle. 10. A service unit apparatus for installation on a service vehicle having a structural frame rearward of cab of the service vehicle, the structural frame having a top side, The apparatus comprising:
A support framework separate from the service vehicle and its frame, the support framework comprising one or more support members, the support members having a top support surface, the support framework defining a first end and a second end, the support framework for supporting one or more service equipment devices, the support framework comprising:
A first support surface comprising or supported by the top surface of at least one of the support members of the support framework; and
A second support surface comprising a step-down support surface at one end of the support framework, the second support surface disposed vertically lower than the first support surface, the second support surface configured to support a crane. 11. The apparatus of claim 10 comprising a width from about twelve to about thirty-six inches. 12. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the step-down support surface is disposed lower than the top side of the structural frame of the service vehicle when the support framework is connected to the structural frame of the service vehicle. 13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the step-down support surface is disposed from about four inches to about twenty-four inches lower than the top of the first support surface. 14. The apparatus of claim 10, the support framework further comprising a third support surface disposed vertically higher than vertical height of the first and second support surfaces. 15. The apparatus of claim 14 further comprising one or more service equipment devices supported on or by the first support surface and/or the third support surface. 16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the one or more service equipment comprises a fuel-powered engine, an electric motor, an electric power generator, a hydraulic pump, an air compressor, tanks to hold compressed air, batteries, a battery charger, a power unit and/or a reservoir of hydraulic fluid. 17. The apparatus of claim 16 further comprising a housing, the housing enclosing one or more service equipment devices. 18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein the housing has a width of about twenty-four inches. 19. The apparatus of claim 10 further comprising one or more outriggers attached at or near the first end and/or at or near the second end of the support framework. 20. The apparatus of claim 10 further comprising a crane, the crane attached to the second support surface. | 2,100 |
346,966 | 16,805,416 | 2,175 | A method for responding to an operation trajectory is disclosed. The method is applied to a monitor configured to monitor and display physiological data of a patient. The method includes displaying at least one physiological data of a first patient on a display interface. The at least one physiological data comprises at least one of electrocardiogram, blood oxygen, blood pressure, respiration rate, body temperature and heart rate. The method further includes detecting a screen-touching operation triggered by a user on the display interface and acquiring an operation trajectory corresponding to the screen-touching operation according to the screen-touching operation. The operation trajectory includes a start point and an end point, the start point corresponding to a first time point, the end point corresponding to a second time point, and the second time point being later than the first time point. The method also includes if the screen-touching operation satisfies a pre-set operation trajectory, executing a patient release operation on the first patient at the second time point. | 1. A method for responding to an operation trajectory, the method being applied to a monitor configured to monitor and display physiological data of a patient, the method comprising:
displaying at least one physiological data of a first patient on a display interface, wherein the at least one physiological data comprises at least one of electrocardiogram, blood oxygen, blood pressure, respiration rate, body temperature and heart rate; detecting a screen-touching operation triggered by a user on the display interface; acquiring an operation trajectory corresponding to the screen-touching operation according to the screen-touching operation, wherein the operation trajectory comprises a start point and an end point, the start point corresponding to a first time point, the end point corresponding to a second time point, and the second time point being later than the first time point; and if the screen-touching operation satisfies a pre-set operation trajectory, executing a patient release operation on the first patient at the second time point. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein after the operation of acquiring an operation trajectory corresponding to the screen-touching operation according to the screen-touching operation, the method further comprises:
determining whether the operation trajectory is a swipe trajectory, wherein a direction of the swipe trajectory is at least one of up, down, left and right; and if the operation trajectory is the swipe trajectory, confirming that the screen-touching operation satisfies the pre-set operation trajectory. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein after the operation of acquiring an operation trajectory corresponding to the screen-touching operation according to the screen-touching operation, the method further comprises:
determining whether the operation trajectory is an arc trajectory, wherein a direction of the arc trajectory is a clockwise direction or a counterclockwise direction; and if the operation trajectory is an arc trajectory, confirming that the screen-touching operation satisfies the pre-set operation trajectory. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein after the operation of acquiring an operation trajectory corresponding to the screen-touching operation according to the screen-touching operation, the method further comprises:
determining whether the operation trajectory is a pre-set figure, wherein the pre-set figure is a closed figure or a non-closed figure; and if the operation trajectory is the pre-set figure, confirming that the screen-touching operation satisfies the pre-set operation trajectory. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the screen-touching operation is triggered by one finger, or is triggered by two fingers, or is triggered by more than two fingers. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the operation of executing a patient release operation on the first patient at the second time point comprises at least one of the following steps:
popping up a dialog box corresponding to the patient release operation on the display interface, wherein the dialog box corresponding to the patient release operation is used to receive an instruction input for confirming the release of the first patient; and clearing and uploading the physiological data of the first patient. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the operation of executing a patient release operation on the first patient at the second time point comprises:
clearing the physiological data of the first patient at the second time point; and establishing a data file of a second patient, wherein the data file is used to record physiological data of the second patient. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the operation of executing a patient release operation on the first patient at the second time point comprises:
if the monitor has established a communication connection with a server, sending the physiological data of the first patient to the server at the second time point, and clearing the physiological data of the first patient, wherein the server is configured to store the physiological data corresponding to at least one patient identifier, and different patient identifiers are used to indicate different objects; and if the monitor has not establish a communication connection with the server, storing the physiological data of the first patient at the second time point, and establishing a data file of a second patient, wherein the data file is used to record physiological data of the second patient. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the operation of executing a patient release operation on the first patient at the second time point comprises:
displaying a dialog box at the second time point, wherein the dialog box is used to receive an operation instruction; if a first operation instruction is received, clearing the physiological data of the first patient according to the first operation instruction; and if a second operation instruction is received, sending the physiological data of the first patient to a server according to the second operation instruction, clearing the physiological data of the first patient, and establishing a data file of a second patient. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein after executing a patient release operation on the first patient at the second time point, before establishing a data file of a second patient or when clearing the physiological data of the first patient, the method further comprises at least one of the following steps:
switching the display interface to a standby interface; controlling the monitor to enter a standby state; uploading the physiological data of the first patient to a printing output device; and switching the display interface to a corresponding display interface used for displaying the physiological data of the second patient. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein before the operation of displaying the dialog box at the second time point, the method further comprises:
receiving a third operation instruction input by the user through the display interface of the monitor; determining whether the third operation instruction instructs to display the dialog box on the display interface of the monitor; and if the third operation instruction instructs to display the dialog box on the display interface of the monitor, performing the step of displaying the dialog box at the second time point. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein before the step of detecting a screen-touching operation triggered by a user on the display interface, the method further comprises:
receiving a fourth operation instruction input by the user through the display interface of the monitor; and confirming the pre-set operation trajectory according to the fourth operation instruction. 13. An operation trajectory response device, the operation trajectory response device being applied to the monitor configured to monitor and display physiological data of a patient, the operation trajectory response device comprising:
a display module configured to display at least one physiological data of a first patient on a display interface, wherein the at least one physiological data comprises at least one of electrocardiogram, blood oxygen, blood pressure, respiration rate, body temperature and heart rate; a detection module configured to detect a screen-touching operation triggered by a user on the display interface; an acquisition module configured to acquire an operation trajectory corresponding to the screen-touching operation according to the screen-touching operation detected by the detection module, wherein the operation trajectory includes a start point and an end point, the start point corresponds to a first time point, the end point corresponds to a second time point, and the second time point is later than the first time point; and a processing module configured to, if the screen-touching operation acquired by the acquisition module satisfies a pre-set operation trajectory, execute a patient release operation on the first patient at the second time point. 14. A monitor, comprising:
a touch display screen; a processor; and a memory, at least one physiological data monitoring module and a bus system, wherein the at least one physiological data monitoring module is configured to monitor at least one physiological data of a patient; the memory is configured to store a program, an instruction, and the at least one physiological data of the patient; the touch display screen receives the screen-touching operation under the control of the processor; the processor is configured to execute the program in the memory; the processor is configured to execute the program in the memory; the bus system is configured to be connected to the memory, the at least one physiological data monitoring module and the processor to enable the memory and the processor to perform communication; and the processor is configured to further perform the following steps: displaying at least one physiological data of a first patient on a display interface of the touch display screen, wherein the at least one physiological data comprises at least one of electrocardiogram, blood oxygen, blood pressure, respiration rate, body temperature and heart rate; detecting a screen-touching operation triggered by a user on the display interface; acquiring an operation trajectory corresponding to the screen-touching operation according to the screen-touching operation, wherein the operation trajectory includes a start point and an end point, the start point corresponds to a first time point, the end point corresponds to a second time point, and the second time point is later than the first time point; and if the screen-touching operation satisfies a pre-set operation trajectory, executing a patient release operation on the first patient at the second time point. 15. The monitor of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to perform the following steps:
determining whether the operation trajectory is a swipe trajectory, wherein a direction of the swipe trajectory is at least one of up, down, left and right; and if the operation trajectory is the swipe trajectory, confirming that the screen-touching operation satisfies the pre-set operation trajectory, or determining whether the operation trajectory is an arc trajectory, wherein the direction of the arc trajectory is a clockwise direction or a counterclockwise direction; and if the operation trajectory is an arc trajectory, confirming that the screen-touching operation satisfies the pre-set operation trajectory; or determining whether the operation trajectory is a pre-set figure, wherein the pre-set figure is a closed figure or a non-closed figure; and if the operation trajectory is the pre-set figure, confirming that the screen-touching operation satisfies the pre-set operation trajectory. 16. The monitor of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to perform at least one of the following steps:
popping up a dialog box corresponding to the patient release operation on the display interface, wherein the dialog box corresponding to the patient release operation is used to receive an instruction input for confirming the release of the first patient; and clearing and/or uploading the physiological data of the first patient. 17. The monitor of claim 14, wherein the processor is configured to perform the following steps:
clearing the physiological data of the first patient at the second time point; and establishing a data file of a second patient, wherein the data file is used to record physiological data of the second patient. 18. The monitor of claim 14, wherein the processor is configured to perform the following steps:
if the monitor has established a communication connection with a server, sending the physiological data of the first patient to the server at the second time point, and clearing the physiological data of the first patient, wherein the server is configured to store the physiological data corresponding to at least one patient identifier, and different patient identifiers are used to indicate different objects; and if the monitor has not establish a communication connection with the server, storing the physiological data of the first patient at the second time point, and establishing a data file of a second patient, wherein the data file is used to record physiological data of the second patient, and the second patient is a next object of the first patient. 19. The monitor of claim 14, wherein the processor is configured to perform the following steps:
displaying the dialog box at the second time point, wherein the dialog box is used to receive an operation instruction; if a first operation instruction is received, clearing the physiological data of the first patient according to the first operation instruction; and if a second operation instruction is received, sending the physiological data of the first patient to a server according to the second operation instruction, and clearing the physiological data of the first patient. 20. The monitor of claim 14, wherein the processor is configured to, after executing the patient release operation on the first patient at the second time point, before establishing the data file of the second patient, or when clearing the physiological data of the first patient, further perform at least one of the following steps:
controlling the monitor to enter a standby state; controlling the touch display screen to present a standby interface; uploading the physiological data of the first patient to a printing output device; and switching the display interface to a corresponding display interface used for displaying the physiological data of the second patient. 21. The monitor of claim 14, wherein the processor further performs the following steps:
receiving a third operation instruction input by the user through the display interface of the monitor; determining whether the third operation instruction instructs to display a dialog box on the display interface of the monitor; and if the third operation instruction instructs to display the dialog box on the display interface of the monitor, performing the step of displaying the dialog box at the second time point. 22. The monitor of claim 14, wherein the processor further performs the following steps:
receiving a fourth operation instruction input by the user through the display interface of the monitor; and confirming the pre-set operation trajectory according to the fourth operation instruction. 23. The monitor of claim 14, wherein the processor implements the displaying the at least one physiological data of the first patient on the display interface by means of the following manner:
dividing the display interface of the touch display screen into at least one area, wherein the at least one area is used for presenting the at least one physiological data of the first patient; and the processor implements the executing the patient release operation on the first patient at the second time point by means of the following manner: after the second time point, clearing the physiological data of the first patient correspondingly presented on the at least one area. | A method for responding to an operation trajectory is disclosed. The method is applied to a monitor configured to monitor and display physiological data of a patient. The method includes displaying at least one physiological data of a first patient on a display interface. The at least one physiological data comprises at least one of electrocardiogram, blood oxygen, blood pressure, respiration rate, body temperature and heart rate. The method further includes detecting a screen-touching operation triggered by a user on the display interface and acquiring an operation trajectory corresponding to the screen-touching operation according to the screen-touching operation. The operation trajectory includes a start point and an end point, the start point corresponding to a first time point, the end point corresponding to a second time point, and the second time point being later than the first time point. The method also includes if the screen-touching operation satisfies a pre-set operation trajectory, executing a patient release operation on the first patient at the second time point.1. A method for responding to an operation trajectory, the method being applied to a monitor configured to monitor and display physiological data of a patient, the method comprising:
displaying at least one physiological data of a first patient on a display interface, wherein the at least one physiological data comprises at least one of electrocardiogram, blood oxygen, blood pressure, respiration rate, body temperature and heart rate; detecting a screen-touching operation triggered by a user on the display interface; acquiring an operation trajectory corresponding to the screen-touching operation according to the screen-touching operation, wherein the operation trajectory comprises a start point and an end point, the start point corresponding to a first time point, the end point corresponding to a second time point, and the second time point being later than the first time point; and if the screen-touching operation satisfies a pre-set operation trajectory, executing a patient release operation on the first patient at the second time point. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein after the operation of acquiring an operation trajectory corresponding to the screen-touching operation according to the screen-touching operation, the method further comprises:
determining whether the operation trajectory is a swipe trajectory, wherein a direction of the swipe trajectory is at least one of up, down, left and right; and if the operation trajectory is the swipe trajectory, confirming that the screen-touching operation satisfies the pre-set operation trajectory. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein after the operation of acquiring an operation trajectory corresponding to the screen-touching operation according to the screen-touching operation, the method further comprises:
determining whether the operation trajectory is an arc trajectory, wherein a direction of the arc trajectory is a clockwise direction or a counterclockwise direction; and if the operation trajectory is an arc trajectory, confirming that the screen-touching operation satisfies the pre-set operation trajectory. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein after the operation of acquiring an operation trajectory corresponding to the screen-touching operation according to the screen-touching operation, the method further comprises:
determining whether the operation trajectory is a pre-set figure, wherein the pre-set figure is a closed figure or a non-closed figure; and if the operation trajectory is the pre-set figure, confirming that the screen-touching operation satisfies the pre-set operation trajectory. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the screen-touching operation is triggered by one finger, or is triggered by two fingers, or is triggered by more than two fingers. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the operation of executing a patient release operation on the first patient at the second time point comprises at least one of the following steps:
popping up a dialog box corresponding to the patient release operation on the display interface, wherein the dialog box corresponding to the patient release operation is used to receive an instruction input for confirming the release of the first patient; and clearing and uploading the physiological data of the first patient. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the operation of executing a patient release operation on the first patient at the second time point comprises:
clearing the physiological data of the first patient at the second time point; and establishing a data file of a second patient, wherein the data file is used to record physiological data of the second patient. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the operation of executing a patient release operation on the first patient at the second time point comprises:
if the monitor has established a communication connection with a server, sending the physiological data of the first patient to the server at the second time point, and clearing the physiological data of the first patient, wherein the server is configured to store the physiological data corresponding to at least one patient identifier, and different patient identifiers are used to indicate different objects; and if the monitor has not establish a communication connection with the server, storing the physiological data of the first patient at the second time point, and establishing a data file of a second patient, wherein the data file is used to record physiological data of the second patient. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the operation of executing a patient release operation on the first patient at the second time point comprises:
displaying a dialog box at the second time point, wherein the dialog box is used to receive an operation instruction; if a first operation instruction is received, clearing the physiological data of the first patient according to the first operation instruction; and if a second operation instruction is received, sending the physiological data of the first patient to a server according to the second operation instruction, clearing the physiological data of the first patient, and establishing a data file of a second patient. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein after executing a patient release operation on the first patient at the second time point, before establishing a data file of a second patient or when clearing the physiological data of the first patient, the method further comprises at least one of the following steps:
switching the display interface to a standby interface; controlling the monitor to enter a standby state; uploading the physiological data of the first patient to a printing output device; and switching the display interface to a corresponding display interface used for displaying the physiological data of the second patient. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein before the operation of displaying the dialog box at the second time point, the method further comprises:
receiving a third operation instruction input by the user through the display interface of the monitor; determining whether the third operation instruction instructs to display the dialog box on the display interface of the monitor; and if the third operation instruction instructs to display the dialog box on the display interface of the monitor, performing the step of displaying the dialog box at the second time point. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein before the step of detecting a screen-touching operation triggered by a user on the display interface, the method further comprises:
receiving a fourth operation instruction input by the user through the display interface of the monitor; and confirming the pre-set operation trajectory according to the fourth operation instruction. 13. An operation trajectory response device, the operation trajectory response device being applied to the monitor configured to monitor and display physiological data of a patient, the operation trajectory response device comprising:
a display module configured to display at least one physiological data of a first patient on a display interface, wherein the at least one physiological data comprises at least one of electrocardiogram, blood oxygen, blood pressure, respiration rate, body temperature and heart rate; a detection module configured to detect a screen-touching operation triggered by a user on the display interface; an acquisition module configured to acquire an operation trajectory corresponding to the screen-touching operation according to the screen-touching operation detected by the detection module, wherein the operation trajectory includes a start point and an end point, the start point corresponds to a first time point, the end point corresponds to a second time point, and the second time point is later than the first time point; and a processing module configured to, if the screen-touching operation acquired by the acquisition module satisfies a pre-set operation trajectory, execute a patient release operation on the first patient at the second time point. 14. A monitor, comprising:
a touch display screen; a processor; and a memory, at least one physiological data monitoring module and a bus system, wherein the at least one physiological data monitoring module is configured to monitor at least one physiological data of a patient; the memory is configured to store a program, an instruction, and the at least one physiological data of the patient; the touch display screen receives the screen-touching operation under the control of the processor; the processor is configured to execute the program in the memory; the processor is configured to execute the program in the memory; the bus system is configured to be connected to the memory, the at least one physiological data monitoring module and the processor to enable the memory and the processor to perform communication; and the processor is configured to further perform the following steps: displaying at least one physiological data of a first patient on a display interface of the touch display screen, wherein the at least one physiological data comprises at least one of electrocardiogram, blood oxygen, blood pressure, respiration rate, body temperature and heart rate; detecting a screen-touching operation triggered by a user on the display interface; acquiring an operation trajectory corresponding to the screen-touching operation according to the screen-touching operation, wherein the operation trajectory includes a start point and an end point, the start point corresponds to a first time point, the end point corresponds to a second time point, and the second time point is later than the first time point; and if the screen-touching operation satisfies a pre-set operation trajectory, executing a patient release operation on the first patient at the second time point. 15. The monitor of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to perform the following steps:
determining whether the operation trajectory is a swipe trajectory, wherein a direction of the swipe trajectory is at least one of up, down, left and right; and if the operation trajectory is the swipe trajectory, confirming that the screen-touching operation satisfies the pre-set operation trajectory, or determining whether the operation trajectory is an arc trajectory, wherein the direction of the arc trajectory is a clockwise direction or a counterclockwise direction; and if the operation trajectory is an arc trajectory, confirming that the screen-touching operation satisfies the pre-set operation trajectory; or determining whether the operation trajectory is a pre-set figure, wherein the pre-set figure is a closed figure or a non-closed figure; and if the operation trajectory is the pre-set figure, confirming that the screen-touching operation satisfies the pre-set operation trajectory. 16. The monitor of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to perform at least one of the following steps:
popping up a dialog box corresponding to the patient release operation on the display interface, wherein the dialog box corresponding to the patient release operation is used to receive an instruction input for confirming the release of the first patient; and clearing and/or uploading the physiological data of the first patient. 17. The monitor of claim 14, wherein the processor is configured to perform the following steps:
clearing the physiological data of the first patient at the second time point; and establishing a data file of a second patient, wherein the data file is used to record physiological data of the second patient. 18. The monitor of claim 14, wherein the processor is configured to perform the following steps:
if the monitor has established a communication connection with a server, sending the physiological data of the first patient to the server at the second time point, and clearing the physiological data of the first patient, wherein the server is configured to store the physiological data corresponding to at least one patient identifier, and different patient identifiers are used to indicate different objects; and if the monitor has not establish a communication connection with the server, storing the physiological data of the first patient at the second time point, and establishing a data file of a second patient, wherein the data file is used to record physiological data of the second patient, and the second patient is a next object of the first patient. 19. The monitor of claim 14, wherein the processor is configured to perform the following steps:
displaying the dialog box at the second time point, wherein the dialog box is used to receive an operation instruction; if a first operation instruction is received, clearing the physiological data of the first patient according to the first operation instruction; and if a second operation instruction is received, sending the physiological data of the first patient to a server according to the second operation instruction, and clearing the physiological data of the first patient. 20. The monitor of claim 14, wherein the processor is configured to, after executing the patient release operation on the first patient at the second time point, before establishing the data file of the second patient, or when clearing the physiological data of the first patient, further perform at least one of the following steps:
controlling the monitor to enter a standby state; controlling the touch display screen to present a standby interface; uploading the physiological data of the first patient to a printing output device; and switching the display interface to a corresponding display interface used for displaying the physiological data of the second patient. 21. The monitor of claim 14, wherein the processor further performs the following steps:
receiving a third operation instruction input by the user through the display interface of the monitor; determining whether the third operation instruction instructs to display a dialog box on the display interface of the monitor; and if the third operation instruction instructs to display the dialog box on the display interface of the monitor, performing the step of displaying the dialog box at the second time point. 22. The monitor of claim 14, wherein the processor further performs the following steps:
receiving a fourth operation instruction input by the user through the display interface of the monitor; and confirming the pre-set operation trajectory according to the fourth operation instruction. 23. The monitor of claim 14, wherein the processor implements the displaying the at least one physiological data of the first patient on the display interface by means of the following manner:
dividing the display interface of the touch display screen into at least one area, wherein the at least one area is used for presenting the at least one physiological data of the first patient; and the processor implements the executing the patient release operation on the first patient at the second time point by means of the following manner: after the second time point, clearing the physiological data of the first patient correspondingly presented on the at least one area. | 2,100 |
346,967 | 16,805,331 | 2,175 | This disclosure relates to blockchain-based transaction processing. In one aspect, a method includes obtaining pieces of transaction data. At least a portion of the pieces of transaction data have a respective group identifier that identifies a node group for the piece of transaction data. Each node group includes multiple blockchain nodes. Pieces of transaction data that have a same first group identifier that identifies a first node group are identified in the obtained pieces of transaction data. The pieces of transaction data are packaged into a first packaging result based on the pieces of transaction data having the same first group identifier. The first packaging result is submitted to a blockchain for storage. | 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
obtaining pieces of transaction data, wherein at least a portion of the pieces of transaction data have a respective group identifier that identifies a node group for the piece of transaction data, wherein each node group comprises a plurality of blockchain nodes; identifying, in the obtained pieces of transaction data, a plurality of pieces of transaction data that have a same first group identifier that identifies a first node group; packaging the plurality of pieces of transaction data into a first packaging result based on the plurality of pieces of transaction data having the same first group identifier; and submitting the first packaging result to a blockchain for storage. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein:
obtaining the pieces of transaction data comprises receiving pieces of non-private transaction data and pieces of private transaction data; and identifying the plurality of pieces of transaction data that have the same first group identifier comprises:
collecting, in a transaction data pool, each piece of private transaction data; and
identifying, as the plurality of pieces of transaction data, the pieces of private transaction data in the transaction data pool that have the first group identifier. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the transaction data comprises private transaction data, and the private transaction data is transaction data that is visible only to the blockchain nodes in the node group. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein:
packaging the plurality of pieces of transaction data into the first packaging result comprises encrypting the plurality of pieces of transaction data as a whole to obtain an encryption result; and submitting the first packaging result to a blockchain for storage comprises submitting the encryption result to the blockchain for storage. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein the method is performed by a target blockchain node, and the target blockchain node is in the node group, the method further comprising:
sending the encryption result and a decryption key to other blockchain nodes in the node group through an off-chain channel, wherein the other blockchain nodes verify the plurality of pieces of transaction data using the decryption key. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein:
packaging the plurality of pieces of transaction data comprises constructing a Merkle tree based on the plurality of pieces of transaction data, wherein the Merkle tree comprises a root node comprising a hash value; and submitting the first packaging result to a blockchain for storage comprises submitting the root node of the Merkle tree to the blockchain for storage. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein the method is performed by a target blockchain node, and the target blockchain node is in the node group, the method further comprising:
sending the root node of the Merkle tree and the plurality of pieces of transaction data to other blockchain nodes in the node group through an off-chain channel, wherein the other blockchain nodes verify the plurality of pieces of transaction data using the hash value of the root node. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein submitting the first packaging result to the blockchain for storage comprises submitting the first packaging result and the first group identifier to the blockchain for storage. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating fake transaction data, wherein the fake transaction data has the first group identifier; calculating a hash value corresponding to the fake transaction data; and in response to a predetermined condition being satisfied, submitting the hash value to the blockchain for storage. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein submitting the hash value to the blockchain for storage comprises submitting the hash value and the first group identifier to the blockchain for storage. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the predetermined condition comprises a time interval reaching a predetermined threshold, wherein the time interval begins after each blockchain node in the node group submits transaction data to the blockchain for a last time. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating a plurality of pieces of fake transaction data, wherein each piece of fake transaction data in the plurality of pieces of fake transaction data has the first group identifier; packaging the plurality of pieces of fake transaction data into a second packaging result; and in response to a predetermined condition being satisfied, submitting the second packaging result to the blockchain for storage. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein submitting the second packaging result to the blockchain for storage comprises submitting the second packaging result and the first group identifier to the blockchain for storage. 14. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
obtaining pieces of transaction data, wherein at least a portion of the pieces of transaction data have a respective group identifier that identifies a node group for the piece of transaction data, wherein each node group comprises a plurality of blockchain nodes; identifying, in the obtained pieces of transaction data, a plurality of pieces of transaction data that have a same first group identifier that identifies a first node group; packaging the plurality of pieces of transaction data into a first packaging result based on the plurality of pieces of transaction data having the same first group identifier; and submitting the first packaging result to a blockchain for storage. 15. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
obtaining pieces of transaction data, wherein at least a portion of the pieces of transaction data have a respective group identifier that identifies a node group for the piece of transaction data, wherein each node group comprises a plurality of blockchain nodes;
identifying, in the obtained pieces of transaction data, a plurality of pieces of transaction data that have a same first group identifier that identifies a first node group;
packaging the plurality of pieces of transaction data into a first packaging result based on the plurality of pieces of transaction data having the same first group identifier; and
submitting the first packaging result to a blockchain for storage. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein:
obtaining the pieces of transaction data comprises receiving pieces of non-private transaction data and pieces of private transaction data; and identifying the plurality of pieces of transaction data that have the same first group identifier comprises:
collecting, in a transaction data pool, each piece of private transaction data; and
identifying, as the plurality of pieces of transaction data, the pieces of private transaction data in the transaction data pool that have the first group identifier. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the transaction data comprises private transaction data, and the private transaction data is transaction data that is visible only to the blockchain nodes in the node group. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein:
packaging the plurality of pieces of transaction data into the first packaging result comprises encrypting the plurality of pieces of transaction data as a whole to obtain an encryption result; and submitting the first packaging result to a blockchain for storage comprises submitting the encryption result to the blockchain for storage. 19. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein:
packaging the plurality of pieces of transaction data comprises constructing a Merkle tree based on the plurality of pieces of transaction data, wherein the Merkle tree comprises a root node comprising a hash value; and submitting the first packaging result to a blockchain for storage comprises submitting the root node of the Merkle tree to the blockchain for storage. 20. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein submitting the first packaging result to the blockchain for storage comprises submitting the first packaging result and the first group identifier to the blockchain for storage. | This disclosure relates to blockchain-based transaction processing. In one aspect, a method includes obtaining pieces of transaction data. At least a portion of the pieces of transaction data have a respective group identifier that identifies a node group for the piece of transaction data. Each node group includes multiple blockchain nodes. Pieces of transaction data that have a same first group identifier that identifies a first node group are identified in the obtained pieces of transaction data. The pieces of transaction data are packaged into a first packaging result based on the pieces of transaction data having the same first group identifier. The first packaging result is submitted to a blockchain for storage.1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
obtaining pieces of transaction data, wherein at least a portion of the pieces of transaction data have a respective group identifier that identifies a node group for the piece of transaction data, wherein each node group comprises a plurality of blockchain nodes; identifying, in the obtained pieces of transaction data, a plurality of pieces of transaction data that have a same first group identifier that identifies a first node group; packaging the plurality of pieces of transaction data into a first packaging result based on the plurality of pieces of transaction data having the same first group identifier; and submitting the first packaging result to a blockchain for storage. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein:
obtaining the pieces of transaction data comprises receiving pieces of non-private transaction data and pieces of private transaction data; and identifying the plurality of pieces of transaction data that have the same first group identifier comprises:
collecting, in a transaction data pool, each piece of private transaction data; and
identifying, as the plurality of pieces of transaction data, the pieces of private transaction data in the transaction data pool that have the first group identifier. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the transaction data comprises private transaction data, and the private transaction data is transaction data that is visible only to the blockchain nodes in the node group. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein:
packaging the plurality of pieces of transaction data into the first packaging result comprises encrypting the plurality of pieces of transaction data as a whole to obtain an encryption result; and submitting the first packaging result to a blockchain for storage comprises submitting the encryption result to the blockchain for storage. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein the method is performed by a target blockchain node, and the target blockchain node is in the node group, the method further comprising:
sending the encryption result and a decryption key to other blockchain nodes in the node group through an off-chain channel, wherein the other blockchain nodes verify the plurality of pieces of transaction data using the decryption key. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein:
packaging the plurality of pieces of transaction data comprises constructing a Merkle tree based on the plurality of pieces of transaction data, wherein the Merkle tree comprises a root node comprising a hash value; and submitting the first packaging result to a blockchain for storage comprises submitting the root node of the Merkle tree to the blockchain for storage. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein the method is performed by a target blockchain node, and the target blockchain node is in the node group, the method further comprising:
sending the root node of the Merkle tree and the plurality of pieces of transaction data to other blockchain nodes in the node group through an off-chain channel, wherein the other blockchain nodes verify the plurality of pieces of transaction data using the hash value of the root node. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein submitting the first packaging result to the blockchain for storage comprises submitting the first packaging result and the first group identifier to the blockchain for storage. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating fake transaction data, wherein the fake transaction data has the first group identifier; calculating a hash value corresponding to the fake transaction data; and in response to a predetermined condition being satisfied, submitting the hash value to the blockchain for storage. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein submitting the hash value to the blockchain for storage comprises submitting the hash value and the first group identifier to the blockchain for storage. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the predetermined condition comprises a time interval reaching a predetermined threshold, wherein the time interval begins after each blockchain node in the node group submits transaction data to the blockchain for a last time. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating a plurality of pieces of fake transaction data, wherein each piece of fake transaction data in the plurality of pieces of fake transaction data has the first group identifier; packaging the plurality of pieces of fake transaction data into a second packaging result; and in response to a predetermined condition being satisfied, submitting the second packaging result to the blockchain for storage. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein submitting the second packaging result to the blockchain for storage comprises submitting the second packaging result and the first group identifier to the blockchain for storage. 14. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
obtaining pieces of transaction data, wherein at least a portion of the pieces of transaction data have a respective group identifier that identifies a node group for the piece of transaction data, wherein each node group comprises a plurality of blockchain nodes; identifying, in the obtained pieces of transaction data, a plurality of pieces of transaction data that have a same first group identifier that identifies a first node group; packaging the plurality of pieces of transaction data into a first packaging result based on the plurality of pieces of transaction data having the same first group identifier; and submitting the first packaging result to a blockchain for storage. 15. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
obtaining pieces of transaction data, wherein at least a portion of the pieces of transaction data have a respective group identifier that identifies a node group for the piece of transaction data, wherein each node group comprises a plurality of blockchain nodes;
identifying, in the obtained pieces of transaction data, a plurality of pieces of transaction data that have a same first group identifier that identifies a first node group;
packaging the plurality of pieces of transaction data into a first packaging result based on the plurality of pieces of transaction data having the same first group identifier; and
submitting the first packaging result to a blockchain for storage. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein:
obtaining the pieces of transaction data comprises receiving pieces of non-private transaction data and pieces of private transaction data; and identifying the plurality of pieces of transaction data that have the same first group identifier comprises:
collecting, in a transaction data pool, each piece of private transaction data; and
identifying, as the plurality of pieces of transaction data, the pieces of private transaction data in the transaction data pool that have the first group identifier. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the transaction data comprises private transaction data, and the private transaction data is transaction data that is visible only to the blockchain nodes in the node group. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein:
packaging the plurality of pieces of transaction data into the first packaging result comprises encrypting the plurality of pieces of transaction data as a whole to obtain an encryption result; and submitting the first packaging result to a blockchain for storage comprises submitting the encryption result to the blockchain for storage. 19. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein:
packaging the plurality of pieces of transaction data comprises constructing a Merkle tree based on the plurality of pieces of transaction data, wherein the Merkle tree comprises a root node comprising a hash value; and submitting the first packaging result to a blockchain for storage comprises submitting the root node of the Merkle tree to the blockchain for storage. 20. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein submitting the first packaging result to the blockchain for storage comprises submitting the first packaging result and the first group identifier to the blockchain for storage. | 2,100 |
346,968 | 16,805,473 | 3,653 | A modular building block sorter comprising: a housing having at least two sides and a base and at least one perforated surface adapted to selectively engage with said at least two sides of said housing, wherein said base comprises a first portion and a second portion and wherein said base is other than substantially planar. In some embodiments the base can include one or more discontinuities. | 1. A modular building block sorter comprising:
a housing having at least two sides and a base; and at least one perforated surface adapted to selectively engage with said at least two sides of said housing; wherein said base comprises a first portion and a second portion; and wherein said base is other than substantially planar. 2. The modular building block sorter of claim 1 wherein said base comprises an arc. 3. The modular building block sorter of claim 1 wherein said base comprises a discontinuity. 4. The modular building block sorter of claim 3 wherein said discontinuity is at a common edge of said first portion and said second portion. 5. The modular building block sorter of claim 3 wherein said first portion of said base is substantially orthogonal to at least one of said at least two sides of said base. 6. The modular building block sorter of claim 4 wherein said second portion of said base is other than substantially orthogonal to said at least one of said at least two sides of said base. 7. The modular building block sorter of claim 4 wherein said first portion of said base is arced. 8. The modular building block sorter of claim 5 wherein said second portion of said base is arced. 9. The modular building block sorter of claim 5 wherein said second portion is substantially planar. 10. The modular building block sorter of claim 4 wherein transitioning of contact of the base with a surface from a first portion of the base to a second portion of the base results in an acceleration on said housing substantially parallel to at least one of said at least two sides of said housing. | A modular building block sorter comprising: a housing having at least two sides and a base and at least one perforated surface adapted to selectively engage with said at least two sides of said housing, wherein said base comprises a first portion and a second portion and wherein said base is other than substantially planar. In some embodiments the base can include one or more discontinuities.1. A modular building block sorter comprising:
a housing having at least two sides and a base; and at least one perforated surface adapted to selectively engage with said at least two sides of said housing; wherein said base comprises a first portion and a second portion; and wherein said base is other than substantially planar. 2. The modular building block sorter of claim 1 wherein said base comprises an arc. 3. The modular building block sorter of claim 1 wherein said base comprises a discontinuity. 4. The modular building block sorter of claim 3 wherein said discontinuity is at a common edge of said first portion and said second portion. 5. The modular building block sorter of claim 3 wherein said first portion of said base is substantially orthogonal to at least one of said at least two sides of said base. 6. The modular building block sorter of claim 4 wherein said second portion of said base is other than substantially orthogonal to said at least one of said at least two sides of said base. 7. The modular building block sorter of claim 4 wherein said first portion of said base is arced. 8. The modular building block sorter of claim 5 wherein said second portion of said base is arced. 9. The modular building block sorter of claim 5 wherein said second portion is substantially planar. 10. The modular building block sorter of claim 4 wherein transitioning of contact of the base with a surface from a first portion of the base to a second portion of the base results in an acceleration on said housing substantially parallel to at least one of said at least two sides of said housing. | 3,600 |
346,969 | 16,805,457 | 3,653 | The present disclosure discloses a collimator, a radiotherapy device and a control driving method thereof, belonging to the medical technical field. The collimator is applied to a radiotherapy device, the radiotherapy device includes a plurality of radioactive sources, a plurality of collimating hole groups are arranged on the collimator, and an included angle of each collimating hole group in the longitudinal direction is within a preset included angle range. Each of the collimating hole groups includes a plurality of collimating holes, and beams emitted from the plurality of radioactive sources intersect at a common focus after passing through each collimating hole of the collimating hole group. The collimator, the radiotherapy device and the driving control method thereof can protect sensitive tissues and organs during treatment. | 1. A collimator applied to a radiotherapy device, wherein the radiotherapy device comprises a plurality of radioactive sources, a plurality of collimating hole groups are arranged on the collimator, and an included angle of each of the collimating hole groups in a longitudinal direction is within a preset included angle range; and
each of the collimating hole groups comprises a plurality of collimating holes, and beams emitted from the plurality of radioactive sources intersect at a common focus after passing through each collimating hole of the collimating hole group. 2. The collimator according to claim 1, wherein the preset included angle range is between 5° and 60°. 3. The collimator according to claim 1, wherein in the longitudinal direction, a pitch between any two adjacent collimating holes is larger than a size of the radioactive source. 4. The collimator according to claim 1, wherein the collimator further comprises a shield region configured to shield the beams emitted from the plurality of radioactive sources. 5. The collimator according to claim 1, wherein the collimator is bowl-shaped or tube-shaped. 6. A radiotherapy device, comprising a radioactive source apparatus, wherein the radioactive source apparatus comprises a source body and a collimator, and the source body is provided with a plurality of radioactive sources; and
the collimator is applied to a radiotherapy device comprising a plurality of radioactive sources, a plurality of collimating hole groups are arranged on the collimator, and an included angle of each of the collimating hole groups in a longitudinal direction is within a preset included angle range; and each of the collimating hole groups comprises a plurality of collimating holes, and beams emitted from the plurality of radioactive sources intersect at a common focus after passing through each collimating hole of the collimating hole group. 7. The radiotherapy device according to claim 6, wherein the common focus is located outside an end surface of the radioactive source apparatus. 8. The radiotherapy device according to claim 6, wherein the radiotherapy device further comprises an imaging apparatus, the imaging apparatus is arranged at a side of the radioactive source apparatus, and the common focus is located within an imaging region of the imaging apparatus. 9. The radiotherapy device according to claim 8, wherein the imaging apparatus comprises at least one of an X-ray imaging apparatus, a CT imaging apparatus, an ultrasound imaging apparatus, a DSA imaging apparatus, an MR imaging apparatus, and a PET imaging apparatus. 10. The radiotherapy device according to claim 6, wherein the radioactive source apparatus further comprises a shielding apparatus located at a side of the radioactive source apparatus, and the beams emitted from the radioactive sources are shielded by the shielding apparatus after passing through the common focus. 11. A control driving method for a radiotherapy device, wherein the radiotherapy device comprises a radioactive source apparatus, the radioactive source apparatus comprises a plurality of radioactive sources, a source body, and a collimator, the source body is provided with a plurality of radioactive sources, the collimator is provided with a plurality of collimating hole groups, and an included angle of each of the collimating hole groups in a longitudinal direction is within a preset included angle range; and
each of the collimating hole groups comprises a plurality of collimating holes, and beams emitted from the plurality of radioactive sources intersect at a common focus after passing through each collimating hole of the collimating hole group, and the method comprises: obtaining at least one angle range of emitting beams; and driving the radiotherapy device to emit beams within the at least one angle range of emitting beams and to ensure the beams to intersect at a common focus. 12. The control driving method according to claim 11, further comprising:
obtaining at least one protection angle range; and driving the radiotherapy device such that no beam is emitted from the radioactive source within the protection angle range; wherein the at least one protection angle range is less than 360°. 13. The control driving method according to claim 12, wherein the at least one angle range of emitting beams is adjacent to the at least one protection angle range. 14. The control driving method according to claim 11, wherein a number of the at least one angle range of emitting beams is at least two, and the radiotherapy device has different speeds within the at least two angle ranges of emitting beams. 15. The control driving method according to claim 11, wherein the radiotherapy device is driven to reciprocate within the at least one angle range of emitting beams. 16. The control driving method according to claim 11, wherein the radiotherapy device further comprises a shield region; and
the driving the radiotherapy device such that no beam is emitted from the radioactive source within the protection angle range comprises: driving the radiotherapy device such that beams emitted from the plurality of radioactive sources are shielded by the collimator. 17. The control driving method according to claim 11, wherein the radiotherapy device further comprises a switch body,
the method further comprises: driving the switch body such that a part of the beams emitted from the plurality of radioactive sources is shielded by a shield region of the switch body. 18. The control driving method according to claim 11, wherein in the longitudinal direction, a pitch between two adjacent collimating holes in any one of the collimating hole groups is larger than a size of the radioactive source; and
the driving the radiotherapy device such that no beam is emitted from the radioactive source within the protection angle range comprises: driving the radiotherapy device such that the plurality of radioactive sources misalign the collimating hole, wherein the beams emitted from a part of the radioactive sources are shielded by an edge region of the collimating hole group, and the beams emitted from the remaining radioactive sources are shielded by a pitch region between the collimating holes. 19. The control driving method according to claim 11, wherein the radiotherapy device further comprises an imaging apparatus; and the method further comprises:
controlling the imaging apparatus to obtain an image of a patient; and determining the at least one angle range of emitting beams according to the image of the patient. 20. The control driving method according to claim 11, wherein the radiotherapy device further comprises an imaging apparatus; and the method further comprises:
controlling the imaging apparatus to obtain an image of a patient; and determining the protection angle range according to the image of the patient. | The present disclosure discloses a collimator, a radiotherapy device and a control driving method thereof, belonging to the medical technical field. The collimator is applied to a radiotherapy device, the radiotherapy device includes a plurality of radioactive sources, a plurality of collimating hole groups are arranged on the collimator, and an included angle of each collimating hole group in the longitudinal direction is within a preset included angle range. Each of the collimating hole groups includes a plurality of collimating holes, and beams emitted from the plurality of radioactive sources intersect at a common focus after passing through each collimating hole of the collimating hole group. The collimator, the radiotherapy device and the driving control method thereof can protect sensitive tissues and organs during treatment.1. A collimator applied to a radiotherapy device, wherein the radiotherapy device comprises a plurality of radioactive sources, a plurality of collimating hole groups are arranged on the collimator, and an included angle of each of the collimating hole groups in a longitudinal direction is within a preset included angle range; and
each of the collimating hole groups comprises a plurality of collimating holes, and beams emitted from the plurality of radioactive sources intersect at a common focus after passing through each collimating hole of the collimating hole group. 2. The collimator according to claim 1, wherein the preset included angle range is between 5° and 60°. 3. The collimator according to claim 1, wherein in the longitudinal direction, a pitch between any two adjacent collimating holes is larger than a size of the radioactive source. 4. The collimator according to claim 1, wherein the collimator further comprises a shield region configured to shield the beams emitted from the plurality of radioactive sources. 5. The collimator according to claim 1, wherein the collimator is bowl-shaped or tube-shaped. 6. A radiotherapy device, comprising a radioactive source apparatus, wherein the radioactive source apparatus comprises a source body and a collimator, and the source body is provided with a plurality of radioactive sources; and
the collimator is applied to a radiotherapy device comprising a plurality of radioactive sources, a plurality of collimating hole groups are arranged on the collimator, and an included angle of each of the collimating hole groups in a longitudinal direction is within a preset included angle range; and each of the collimating hole groups comprises a plurality of collimating holes, and beams emitted from the plurality of radioactive sources intersect at a common focus after passing through each collimating hole of the collimating hole group. 7. The radiotherapy device according to claim 6, wherein the common focus is located outside an end surface of the radioactive source apparatus. 8. The radiotherapy device according to claim 6, wherein the radiotherapy device further comprises an imaging apparatus, the imaging apparatus is arranged at a side of the radioactive source apparatus, and the common focus is located within an imaging region of the imaging apparatus. 9. The radiotherapy device according to claim 8, wherein the imaging apparatus comprises at least one of an X-ray imaging apparatus, a CT imaging apparatus, an ultrasound imaging apparatus, a DSA imaging apparatus, an MR imaging apparatus, and a PET imaging apparatus. 10. The radiotherapy device according to claim 6, wherein the radioactive source apparatus further comprises a shielding apparatus located at a side of the radioactive source apparatus, and the beams emitted from the radioactive sources are shielded by the shielding apparatus after passing through the common focus. 11. A control driving method for a radiotherapy device, wherein the radiotherapy device comprises a radioactive source apparatus, the radioactive source apparatus comprises a plurality of radioactive sources, a source body, and a collimator, the source body is provided with a plurality of radioactive sources, the collimator is provided with a plurality of collimating hole groups, and an included angle of each of the collimating hole groups in a longitudinal direction is within a preset included angle range; and
each of the collimating hole groups comprises a plurality of collimating holes, and beams emitted from the plurality of radioactive sources intersect at a common focus after passing through each collimating hole of the collimating hole group, and the method comprises: obtaining at least one angle range of emitting beams; and driving the radiotherapy device to emit beams within the at least one angle range of emitting beams and to ensure the beams to intersect at a common focus. 12. The control driving method according to claim 11, further comprising:
obtaining at least one protection angle range; and driving the radiotherapy device such that no beam is emitted from the radioactive source within the protection angle range; wherein the at least one protection angle range is less than 360°. 13. The control driving method according to claim 12, wherein the at least one angle range of emitting beams is adjacent to the at least one protection angle range. 14. The control driving method according to claim 11, wherein a number of the at least one angle range of emitting beams is at least two, and the radiotherapy device has different speeds within the at least two angle ranges of emitting beams. 15. The control driving method according to claim 11, wherein the radiotherapy device is driven to reciprocate within the at least one angle range of emitting beams. 16. The control driving method according to claim 11, wherein the radiotherapy device further comprises a shield region; and
the driving the radiotherapy device such that no beam is emitted from the radioactive source within the protection angle range comprises: driving the radiotherapy device such that beams emitted from the plurality of radioactive sources are shielded by the collimator. 17. The control driving method according to claim 11, wherein the radiotherapy device further comprises a switch body,
the method further comprises: driving the switch body such that a part of the beams emitted from the plurality of radioactive sources is shielded by a shield region of the switch body. 18. The control driving method according to claim 11, wherein in the longitudinal direction, a pitch between two adjacent collimating holes in any one of the collimating hole groups is larger than a size of the radioactive source; and
the driving the radiotherapy device such that no beam is emitted from the radioactive source within the protection angle range comprises: driving the radiotherapy device such that the plurality of radioactive sources misalign the collimating hole, wherein the beams emitted from a part of the radioactive sources are shielded by an edge region of the collimating hole group, and the beams emitted from the remaining radioactive sources are shielded by a pitch region between the collimating holes. 19. The control driving method according to claim 11, wherein the radiotherapy device further comprises an imaging apparatus; and the method further comprises:
controlling the imaging apparatus to obtain an image of a patient; and determining the at least one angle range of emitting beams according to the image of the patient. 20. The control driving method according to claim 11, wherein the radiotherapy device further comprises an imaging apparatus; and the method further comprises:
controlling the imaging apparatus to obtain an image of a patient; and determining the protection angle range according to the image of the patient. | 3,600 |
346,970 | 16,805,438 | 3,653 | The present disclosure discloses a collimator, a radiotherapy device and a control driving method thereof, belonging to the medical technical field. The collimator is applied to a radiotherapy device, the radiotherapy device includes a plurality of radioactive sources, a plurality of collimating hole groups are arranged on the collimator, and an included angle of each collimating hole group in the longitudinal direction is within a preset included angle range. Each of the collimating hole groups includes a plurality of collimating holes, and beams emitted from the plurality of radioactive sources intersect at a common focus after passing through each collimating hole of the collimating hole group. The collimator, the radiotherapy device and the driving control method thereof can protect sensitive tissues and organs during treatment. | 1. A collimator applied to a radiotherapy device, wherein the radiotherapy device comprises a plurality of radioactive sources, a plurality of collimating hole groups are arranged on the collimator, and an included angle of each of the collimating hole groups in a longitudinal direction is within a preset included angle range; and
each of the collimating hole groups comprises a plurality of collimating holes, and beams emitted from the plurality of radioactive sources intersect at a common focus after passing through each collimating hole of the collimating hole group. 2. The collimator according to claim 1, wherein the preset included angle range is between 5° and 60°. 3. The collimator according to claim 1, wherein in the longitudinal direction, a pitch between any two adjacent collimating holes is larger than a size of the radioactive source. 4. The collimator according to claim 1, wherein the collimator further comprises a shield region configured to shield the beams emitted from the plurality of radioactive sources. 5. The collimator according to claim 1, wherein the collimator is bowl-shaped or tube-shaped. 6. A radiotherapy device, comprising a radioactive source apparatus, wherein the radioactive source apparatus comprises a source body and a collimator, and the source body is provided with a plurality of radioactive sources; and
the collimator is applied to a radiotherapy device comprising a plurality of radioactive sources, a plurality of collimating hole groups are arranged on the collimator, and an included angle of each of the collimating hole groups in a longitudinal direction is within a preset included angle range; and each of the collimating hole groups comprises a plurality of collimating holes, and beams emitted from the plurality of radioactive sources intersect at a common focus after passing through each collimating hole of the collimating hole group. 7. The radiotherapy device according to claim 6, wherein the common focus is located outside an end surface of the radioactive source apparatus. 8. The radiotherapy device according to claim 6, wherein the radiotherapy device further comprises an imaging apparatus, the imaging apparatus is arranged at a side of the radioactive source apparatus, and the common focus is located within an imaging region of the imaging apparatus. 9. The radiotherapy device according to claim 8, wherein the imaging apparatus comprises at least one of an X-ray imaging apparatus, a CT imaging apparatus, an ultrasound imaging apparatus, a DSA imaging apparatus, an MR imaging apparatus, and a PET imaging apparatus. 10. The radiotherapy device according to claim 6, wherein the radioactive source apparatus further comprises a shielding apparatus located at a side of the radioactive source apparatus, and the beams emitted from the radioactive sources are shielded by the shielding apparatus after passing through the common focus. 11. A control driving method for a radiotherapy device, wherein the radiotherapy device comprises a radioactive source apparatus, the radioactive source apparatus comprises a plurality of radioactive sources, a source body, and a collimator, the source body is provided with a plurality of radioactive sources, the collimator is provided with a plurality of collimating hole groups, and an included angle of each of the collimating hole groups in a longitudinal direction is within a preset included angle range; and
each of the collimating hole groups comprises a plurality of collimating holes, and beams emitted from the plurality of radioactive sources intersect at a common focus after passing through each collimating hole of the collimating hole group, and the method comprises: obtaining at least one angle range of emitting beams; and driving the radiotherapy device to emit beams within the at least one angle range of emitting beams and to ensure the beams to intersect at a common focus. 12. The control driving method according to claim 11, further comprising:
obtaining at least one protection angle range; and driving the radiotherapy device such that no beam is emitted from the radioactive source within the protection angle range; wherein the at least one protection angle range is less than 360°. 13. The control driving method according to claim 12, wherein the at least one angle range of emitting beams is adjacent to the at least one protection angle range. 14. The control driving method according to claim 11, wherein a number of the at least one angle range of emitting beams is at least two, and the radiotherapy device has different speeds within the at least two angle ranges of emitting beams. 15. The control driving method according to claim 11, wherein the radiotherapy device is driven to reciprocate within the at least one angle range of emitting beams. 16. The control driving method according to claim 11, wherein the radiotherapy device further comprises a shield region; and
the driving the radiotherapy device such that no beam is emitted from the radioactive source within the protection angle range comprises: driving the radiotherapy device such that beams emitted from the plurality of radioactive sources are shielded by the collimator. 17. The control driving method according to claim 11, wherein the radiotherapy device further comprises a switch body,
the method further comprises: driving the switch body such that a part of the beams emitted from the plurality of radioactive sources is shielded by a shield region of the switch body. 18. The control driving method according to claim 11, wherein in the longitudinal direction, a pitch between two adjacent collimating holes in any one of the collimating hole groups is larger than a size of the radioactive source; and
the driving the radiotherapy device such that no beam is emitted from the radioactive source within the protection angle range comprises: driving the radiotherapy device such that the plurality of radioactive sources misalign the collimating hole, wherein the beams emitted from a part of the radioactive sources are shielded by an edge region of the collimating hole group, and the beams emitted from the remaining radioactive sources are shielded by a pitch region between the collimating holes. 19. The control driving method according to claim 11, wherein the radiotherapy device further comprises an imaging apparatus; and the method further comprises:
controlling the imaging apparatus to obtain an image of a patient; and determining the at least one angle range of emitting beams according to the image of the patient. 20. The control driving method according to claim 11, wherein the radiotherapy device further comprises an imaging apparatus; and the method further comprises:
controlling the imaging apparatus to obtain an image of a patient; and determining the protection angle range according to the image of the patient. | The present disclosure discloses a collimator, a radiotherapy device and a control driving method thereof, belonging to the medical technical field. The collimator is applied to a radiotherapy device, the radiotherapy device includes a plurality of radioactive sources, a plurality of collimating hole groups are arranged on the collimator, and an included angle of each collimating hole group in the longitudinal direction is within a preset included angle range. Each of the collimating hole groups includes a plurality of collimating holes, and beams emitted from the plurality of radioactive sources intersect at a common focus after passing through each collimating hole of the collimating hole group. The collimator, the radiotherapy device and the driving control method thereof can protect sensitive tissues and organs during treatment.1. A collimator applied to a radiotherapy device, wherein the radiotherapy device comprises a plurality of radioactive sources, a plurality of collimating hole groups are arranged on the collimator, and an included angle of each of the collimating hole groups in a longitudinal direction is within a preset included angle range; and
each of the collimating hole groups comprises a plurality of collimating holes, and beams emitted from the plurality of radioactive sources intersect at a common focus after passing through each collimating hole of the collimating hole group. 2. The collimator according to claim 1, wherein the preset included angle range is between 5° and 60°. 3. The collimator according to claim 1, wherein in the longitudinal direction, a pitch between any two adjacent collimating holes is larger than a size of the radioactive source. 4. The collimator according to claim 1, wherein the collimator further comprises a shield region configured to shield the beams emitted from the plurality of radioactive sources. 5. The collimator according to claim 1, wherein the collimator is bowl-shaped or tube-shaped. 6. A radiotherapy device, comprising a radioactive source apparatus, wherein the radioactive source apparatus comprises a source body and a collimator, and the source body is provided with a plurality of radioactive sources; and
the collimator is applied to a radiotherapy device comprising a plurality of radioactive sources, a plurality of collimating hole groups are arranged on the collimator, and an included angle of each of the collimating hole groups in a longitudinal direction is within a preset included angle range; and each of the collimating hole groups comprises a plurality of collimating holes, and beams emitted from the plurality of radioactive sources intersect at a common focus after passing through each collimating hole of the collimating hole group. 7. The radiotherapy device according to claim 6, wherein the common focus is located outside an end surface of the radioactive source apparatus. 8. The radiotherapy device according to claim 6, wherein the radiotherapy device further comprises an imaging apparatus, the imaging apparatus is arranged at a side of the radioactive source apparatus, and the common focus is located within an imaging region of the imaging apparatus. 9. The radiotherapy device according to claim 8, wherein the imaging apparatus comprises at least one of an X-ray imaging apparatus, a CT imaging apparatus, an ultrasound imaging apparatus, a DSA imaging apparatus, an MR imaging apparatus, and a PET imaging apparatus. 10. The radiotherapy device according to claim 6, wherein the radioactive source apparatus further comprises a shielding apparatus located at a side of the radioactive source apparatus, and the beams emitted from the radioactive sources are shielded by the shielding apparatus after passing through the common focus. 11. A control driving method for a radiotherapy device, wherein the radiotherapy device comprises a radioactive source apparatus, the radioactive source apparatus comprises a plurality of radioactive sources, a source body, and a collimator, the source body is provided with a plurality of radioactive sources, the collimator is provided with a plurality of collimating hole groups, and an included angle of each of the collimating hole groups in a longitudinal direction is within a preset included angle range; and
each of the collimating hole groups comprises a plurality of collimating holes, and beams emitted from the plurality of radioactive sources intersect at a common focus after passing through each collimating hole of the collimating hole group, and the method comprises: obtaining at least one angle range of emitting beams; and driving the radiotherapy device to emit beams within the at least one angle range of emitting beams and to ensure the beams to intersect at a common focus. 12. The control driving method according to claim 11, further comprising:
obtaining at least one protection angle range; and driving the radiotherapy device such that no beam is emitted from the radioactive source within the protection angle range; wherein the at least one protection angle range is less than 360°. 13. The control driving method according to claim 12, wherein the at least one angle range of emitting beams is adjacent to the at least one protection angle range. 14. The control driving method according to claim 11, wherein a number of the at least one angle range of emitting beams is at least two, and the radiotherapy device has different speeds within the at least two angle ranges of emitting beams. 15. The control driving method according to claim 11, wherein the radiotherapy device is driven to reciprocate within the at least one angle range of emitting beams. 16. The control driving method according to claim 11, wherein the radiotherapy device further comprises a shield region; and
the driving the radiotherapy device such that no beam is emitted from the radioactive source within the protection angle range comprises: driving the radiotherapy device such that beams emitted from the plurality of radioactive sources are shielded by the collimator. 17. The control driving method according to claim 11, wherein the radiotherapy device further comprises a switch body,
the method further comprises: driving the switch body such that a part of the beams emitted from the plurality of radioactive sources is shielded by a shield region of the switch body. 18. The control driving method according to claim 11, wherein in the longitudinal direction, a pitch between two adjacent collimating holes in any one of the collimating hole groups is larger than a size of the radioactive source; and
the driving the radiotherapy device such that no beam is emitted from the radioactive source within the protection angle range comprises: driving the radiotherapy device such that the plurality of radioactive sources misalign the collimating hole, wherein the beams emitted from a part of the radioactive sources are shielded by an edge region of the collimating hole group, and the beams emitted from the remaining radioactive sources are shielded by a pitch region between the collimating holes. 19. The control driving method according to claim 11, wherein the radiotherapy device further comprises an imaging apparatus; and the method further comprises:
controlling the imaging apparatus to obtain an image of a patient; and determining the at least one angle range of emitting beams according to the image of the patient. 20. The control driving method according to claim 11, wherein the radiotherapy device further comprises an imaging apparatus; and the method further comprises:
controlling the imaging apparatus to obtain an image of a patient; and determining the protection angle range according to the image of the patient. | 3,600 |
346,971 | 16,805,459 | 3,653 | A firearm grip with locking mechanism includes an elongated handgrip body having an elongated opening on the front side and a generally hollow interior space. A pair of doors are pivotally secured to the handgrip body to move between a closed position, and an open position. A firearm engagement body is pivotally secured along the top end of the handgrip body for attachment to a firearm receiver at a location adjacent to the trigger assembly. The handgrip body moves between a FIRE position where the handgrip body is positioned perpendicular to the engagement body, and a SAFE position where the handgrip body is positioned parallel to the engagement body and the firearm trigger assembly is located within the interior space of the handgrip body. | 1. A firearm grip, comprising:
a handgrip body having a top end, a bottom end, a front end, a back end, and a pair of sides forming an interior space; an elongated opening that is positioned along the handgrip body; at least one door that is pivotally secured to the handgrip body along the elongated opening, said at least one door being configured to transition between an open position and a closed position; and a firearm engagement body that is pivotally secured along the top end of the handgrip body. 2. The firearm grip of claim 1, wherein the handgrip body is configured to rotate 90 degrees relative to the firearm engagement body to transition between a SAFE position and a FIRE position. 3. The firearm grip of claim 2, wherein in the SAFE position a major axis of the handgrip body is perpendicular to a major axis of the firearm engagement body. 4. The firearm grip of claim 2, wherein in the FIRE position the major axis of the handgrip body is in-line with the major axis of the firearm engagement body. 5. The firearm grip of claim 1, further comprising:
a locking mechanism having functionality for securing the handgrip body in at least one of the SAFE position and the FIRE position. 6. The firearm grip of claim 5, further comprising:
a button having functionality to selectively engage the locking mechanism to permit and restrict a movement of the handgrip body. 7. The firearm grip of claim 5, wherein the locking mechanism includes a mechanical actuator and a rod. 8. The firearm grip of claim 7, further comprising:
a mechanical combination lock that selectively permits and restricts a movement of the mechanical actuator. 9. The firearm grip of claim 5, wherein the locking mechanism includes an electromechanical actuator and a rod. 10. The firearm grip of claim 9, further comprising:
an authentication unit that is in communication with the locking mechanism, said authentication unit including functionality for verifying an identity of an authorized user before allowing operation of the locking mechanism. 11. The firearm grip of claim 10, wherein the authentication unit includes a biometric sensor. 12. The firearm grip of claim 10, further comprising:
a controller having a processor and a memory, said controller being in communication with each of the authentication unit and the locking mechanism. 13. The firearm grip of claim 1, wherein the firearm engagement body includes functionality for receiving mounting hardware to secure the engagement body to a firearm receiver. 14. The firearm grip of claim 1, further comprising:
at least one tensioning member that is in communication with the at least one door and the handgrip body. 15. The firearm grip of claim 14, wherein the tensioning member imparts a pushing force onto the at least one door to maintain the at least one door in the closed position. 16. A firearm receiver, comprising:
a receiver body; a trigger assembly; and a firearm grip that comprises: a handgrip body having a top end, a bottom end, a front end, a back end, and a pair of sides forming an interior space; an elongated opening that is positioned along the handgrip body; at least one door that is pivotally secured to the handgrip body along the elongated opening, said at least one door being configured to transition between an open position and a closed position; and a firearm engagement body that is pivotally secured along the top end of the handgrip body. 17. The firearm grip of claim 1, wherein the handgrip body is configured to rotate 90 degrees relative to the firearm engagement body to transition between a SAFE position and a FIRE position. 18. The firearm receiver of claim 17, wherein in the SAFE position a major axis of the handgrip body is parallel to a major axis of the firearm receiver body, and the trigger assembly is positioned within the interior space of the handgrip body. 19. The firearm receiver of claim 19, wherein in the FIRE position the major axis of the handgrip body is perpendicular with the major axis of the firearm receiver body. 20. The firearm receiver of claim 19, further comprising:
a locking mechanism having functionality for securing the handgrip body in at least one of the SAFE position and the FIRE position. | A firearm grip with locking mechanism includes an elongated handgrip body having an elongated opening on the front side and a generally hollow interior space. A pair of doors are pivotally secured to the handgrip body to move between a closed position, and an open position. A firearm engagement body is pivotally secured along the top end of the handgrip body for attachment to a firearm receiver at a location adjacent to the trigger assembly. The handgrip body moves between a FIRE position where the handgrip body is positioned perpendicular to the engagement body, and a SAFE position where the handgrip body is positioned parallel to the engagement body and the firearm trigger assembly is located within the interior space of the handgrip body.1. A firearm grip, comprising:
a handgrip body having a top end, a bottom end, a front end, a back end, and a pair of sides forming an interior space; an elongated opening that is positioned along the handgrip body; at least one door that is pivotally secured to the handgrip body along the elongated opening, said at least one door being configured to transition between an open position and a closed position; and a firearm engagement body that is pivotally secured along the top end of the handgrip body. 2. The firearm grip of claim 1, wherein the handgrip body is configured to rotate 90 degrees relative to the firearm engagement body to transition between a SAFE position and a FIRE position. 3. The firearm grip of claim 2, wherein in the SAFE position a major axis of the handgrip body is perpendicular to a major axis of the firearm engagement body. 4. The firearm grip of claim 2, wherein in the FIRE position the major axis of the handgrip body is in-line with the major axis of the firearm engagement body. 5. The firearm grip of claim 1, further comprising:
a locking mechanism having functionality for securing the handgrip body in at least one of the SAFE position and the FIRE position. 6. The firearm grip of claim 5, further comprising:
a button having functionality to selectively engage the locking mechanism to permit and restrict a movement of the handgrip body. 7. The firearm grip of claim 5, wherein the locking mechanism includes a mechanical actuator and a rod. 8. The firearm grip of claim 7, further comprising:
a mechanical combination lock that selectively permits and restricts a movement of the mechanical actuator. 9. The firearm grip of claim 5, wherein the locking mechanism includes an electromechanical actuator and a rod. 10. The firearm grip of claim 9, further comprising:
an authentication unit that is in communication with the locking mechanism, said authentication unit including functionality for verifying an identity of an authorized user before allowing operation of the locking mechanism. 11. The firearm grip of claim 10, wherein the authentication unit includes a biometric sensor. 12. The firearm grip of claim 10, further comprising:
a controller having a processor and a memory, said controller being in communication with each of the authentication unit and the locking mechanism. 13. The firearm grip of claim 1, wherein the firearm engagement body includes functionality for receiving mounting hardware to secure the engagement body to a firearm receiver. 14. The firearm grip of claim 1, further comprising:
at least one tensioning member that is in communication with the at least one door and the handgrip body. 15. The firearm grip of claim 14, wherein the tensioning member imparts a pushing force onto the at least one door to maintain the at least one door in the closed position. 16. A firearm receiver, comprising:
a receiver body; a trigger assembly; and a firearm grip that comprises: a handgrip body having a top end, a bottom end, a front end, a back end, and a pair of sides forming an interior space; an elongated opening that is positioned along the handgrip body; at least one door that is pivotally secured to the handgrip body along the elongated opening, said at least one door being configured to transition between an open position and a closed position; and a firearm engagement body that is pivotally secured along the top end of the handgrip body. 17. The firearm grip of claim 1, wherein the handgrip body is configured to rotate 90 degrees relative to the firearm engagement body to transition between a SAFE position and a FIRE position. 18. The firearm receiver of claim 17, wherein in the SAFE position a major axis of the handgrip body is parallel to a major axis of the firearm receiver body, and the trigger assembly is positioned within the interior space of the handgrip body. 19. The firearm receiver of claim 19, wherein in the FIRE position the major axis of the handgrip body is perpendicular with the major axis of the firearm receiver body. 20. The firearm receiver of claim 19, further comprising:
a locking mechanism having functionality for securing the handgrip body in at least one of the SAFE position and the FIRE position. | 3,600 |
346,972 | 16,805,464 | 1,642 | A method of determining a prognosis for cancer in a subject and/or a subject with cancer includes measuring a level of proteolytically cleaved extracellular fragments of an immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily cell adhesion molecule that is expressed by cancer cells obtained from the subject to determine at least one of prognosis for the cancer, the subject's survival, or responsiveness of the cancer to anti-cancer treatment. | 1. A method of determining a prognosis for cancer in a subject and/or a subject with cancer, the method comprising:
determining a level of proteolytically cleaved extracellular fragments of an immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily cell adhesion molecule that is expressed by cancer cells obtained from the subject, wherein the determined level indicates or correlates with at least one of prognosis for the cancer, the subject's survival, or responsiveness of the cancer to anti-cancer treatment. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the level of proteolytically cleaved extracellular fragments is determined by measuring a binding level of a probe to the proteolytically cleaved extracellular fragments. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the cell adhesion molecule comprises a cell surface receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) type IIb. 4. The method of claim 2, the extracellular fragment comprising amino acid sequence corresponding to amino acids 1-740 of SEQ ID NO: 1 and the probe comprising a polypeptide that specifically binds to and/or complexes with polypeptide corresponding to amino acids 1-740 of SEQ ID NO: 1. 5. The method of claim 4, the probe homophilically binds to the extracellular fragment. 6. The method of claim 4, the polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, and SEQ ID NO: 7. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the probe further includes a detectable moiety, the detectable moiety comprising at least one of ligands, radiolabels, fluorescent agents and dyes, infrared and near infrared agents, chemiluminescent agents, microparticles or nanoparticles , enzymes, colorimetric labels, magnetic labels, and chelating agents 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the determined level indicates or correlates with a less or more favorable prognosis for the cancer. 9. The method of claim 2, wherein an elevated determined level compared to a control is indicative of an increased likelihood of survival of the subject and a decreased level is indicative of an increased likelihood of death of the subject. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the presence or level of at least one additional biomarker that indicates or correlates with at least one of prognosis for the cancer, the subject's survival, or responsiveness of the cancer to anti-cancer treatment. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is a brain tumor, lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, oral cancer, and metastatic cancer. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising determining the presence of a mutation in IDH1/2 expressed by the cancer, wherein the presence of the of an IDH1/2 mutations is indicative of increased likelihood of survival of the subject. 13. A method of determining survival of a subject with cancer, the method comprising:
measuring a level binding of a probe to proteolytically cleaved extracellular fragments of an immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily cell adhesion molecule that is expressed by cancer cells obtained from the subject, wherein the measured level indicates or correlates with the subject's survival. 14. The method of claim 13, the extracellular fragment comprising amino acid corresponding to amino acids 1-740 of SEQ ID NO: 1 and the probe comprising a polypeptide that specifically binds to and/or complexes with a polypeptide corresponding to amino acids 1-740 of SEQ ID NO: 1. 15. The method of claim 14, the polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, and SEQ ID NO: 7. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the probe further includes a detectable moiety, the detectable moiety comprising at least one of ligands, radiolabels, fluorescent agents and dyes, infrared and near infrared agents, chemiluminescent agents, microparticles or nanoparticles, enzymes, colorimetric labels, magnetic labels, and chelating agents 17. The method of claim 13, wherein an elevated level compared to a control is indicative of an increased likelihood of survival of the subject and a decreased level is indicative of an increased likelihood of death of the subject. 18. The method of claim 13, further comprising determining the presence or level of at one additional biomarker that indicates or correlates with at least one of prognosis for the cancer or responsiveness of the cancer to anti-cancer treatment. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the cancer is a brain tumor, glioma, high grade glioma (HGG), glioblastoma, or glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). 20. The method of claim 13, further comprising determining the presence of a mutation in IDH1/2 expressed by the cancer, wherein the presence of the of an IDH1/2 mutations is indicative of increased likelihood of survival of the subject. | A method of determining a prognosis for cancer in a subject and/or a subject with cancer includes measuring a level of proteolytically cleaved extracellular fragments of an immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily cell adhesion molecule that is expressed by cancer cells obtained from the subject to determine at least one of prognosis for the cancer, the subject's survival, or responsiveness of the cancer to anti-cancer treatment.1. A method of determining a prognosis for cancer in a subject and/or a subject with cancer, the method comprising:
determining a level of proteolytically cleaved extracellular fragments of an immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily cell adhesion molecule that is expressed by cancer cells obtained from the subject, wherein the determined level indicates or correlates with at least one of prognosis for the cancer, the subject's survival, or responsiveness of the cancer to anti-cancer treatment. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the level of proteolytically cleaved extracellular fragments is determined by measuring a binding level of a probe to the proteolytically cleaved extracellular fragments. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the cell adhesion molecule comprises a cell surface receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) type IIb. 4. The method of claim 2, the extracellular fragment comprising amino acid sequence corresponding to amino acids 1-740 of SEQ ID NO: 1 and the probe comprising a polypeptide that specifically binds to and/or complexes with polypeptide corresponding to amino acids 1-740 of SEQ ID NO: 1. 5. The method of claim 4, the probe homophilically binds to the extracellular fragment. 6. The method of claim 4, the polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, and SEQ ID NO: 7. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the probe further includes a detectable moiety, the detectable moiety comprising at least one of ligands, radiolabels, fluorescent agents and dyes, infrared and near infrared agents, chemiluminescent agents, microparticles or nanoparticles , enzymes, colorimetric labels, magnetic labels, and chelating agents 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the determined level indicates or correlates with a less or more favorable prognosis for the cancer. 9. The method of claim 2, wherein an elevated determined level compared to a control is indicative of an increased likelihood of survival of the subject and a decreased level is indicative of an increased likelihood of death of the subject. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the presence or level of at least one additional biomarker that indicates or correlates with at least one of prognosis for the cancer, the subject's survival, or responsiveness of the cancer to anti-cancer treatment. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is a brain tumor, lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, oral cancer, and metastatic cancer. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising determining the presence of a mutation in IDH1/2 expressed by the cancer, wherein the presence of the of an IDH1/2 mutations is indicative of increased likelihood of survival of the subject. 13. A method of determining survival of a subject with cancer, the method comprising:
measuring a level binding of a probe to proteolytically cleaved extracellular fragments of an immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily cell adhesion molecule that is expressed by cancer cells obtained from the subject, wherein the measured level indicates or correlates with the subject's survival. 14. The method of claim 13, the extracellular fragment comprising amino acid corresponding to amino acids 1-740 of SEQ ID NO: 1 and the probe comprising a polypeptide that specifically binds to and/or complexes with a polypeptide corresponding to amino acids 1-740 of SEQ ID NO: 1. 15. The method of claim 14, the polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, and SEQ ID NO: 7. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the probe further includes a detectable moiety, the detectable moiety comprising at least one of ligands, radiolabels, fluorescent agents and dyes, infrared and near infrared agents, chemiluminescent agents, microparticles or nanoparticles, enzymes, colorimetric labels, magnetic labels, and chelating agents 17. The method of claim 13, wherein an elevated level compared to a control is indicative of an increased likelihood of survival of the subject and a decreased level is indicative of an increased likelihood of death of the subject. 18. The method of claim 13, further comprising determining the presence or level of at one additional biomarker that indicates or correlates with at least one of prognosis for the cancer or responsiveness of the cancer to anti-cancer treatment. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the cancer is a brain tumor, glioma, high grade glioma (HGG), glioblastoma, or glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). 20. The method of claim 13, further comprising determining the presence of a mutation in IDH1/2 expressed by the cancer, wherein the presence of the of an IDH1/2 mutations is indicative of increased likelihood of survival of the subject. | 1,600 |
346,973 | 16,805,468 | 1,642 | A sensor includes an airfoil body, a heater element, and a temperature probe. The airfoil body defines a sensor axis and having a leading edge, a trailing edge, and an ice accretion feature. The heater element extends axially through the airfoil body between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil body. The temperature probe extends axially through the airfoil body between the heater element and the trailing edge of the airfoil body. The heater element is axially overlapped by the ice accretion feature to accrete ice chordwise forward of a tip surface aperture. Gas turbine engines, methods of making sensors, and methods of accreting ice on sensors are also described. | 1. A sensor, comprising:
an airfoil body defining a sensor axis and having a leading edge, a trailing edge, and an ice accretion feature; a heater element extending axially through the airfoil body between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil body; and a temperature probe extending axially through the airfoil body between the heater element and the trailing edge of the airfoil body, wherein the heater element is axially overlapped by the ice accretion feature to accrete ice chordwise forward of the tip surface aperture. 2. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the ice accretion feature extends from the leading edge of the airfoil body to an ice accretion feature terminus that is located chordwise between the heater element and the temperature probe. 3. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the airfoil body has a first face and a second face defining therebetween an airfoil width, and wherein the ice accretion feature has an ice accretion feature width that is smaller than the airfoil width. 4. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the ice accretion feature includes a fin body extending from the leading edge to an ice accretion feature terminus that is located chordwise between the heater element and the temperature probe. 5. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the airfoil body has a first face and a second face defining therebetween an airfoil width, and wherein the ice accretion feature has an ice accretion feature width that is greater than the airfoil width. 6. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the airfoil body has a spherical body extending from the leading edge to an ice accretion feature terminus that is located chordwise between the heater element and the temperature probe. 7. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the airfoil body defines therethrough an insulating cavity extending axially through the airfoil body between the temperature probe and the heater element. 8. The sensor of claim 7, wherein the airfoil body has a first face defining a first face outlet vent, the first face outlet vent in fluid communication with the insulating cavity. 9. The sensor of claim 8, wherein the airfoil body has a second face defining a second face outlet vent, the second face outlet vent in fluid communication with the insulating cavity and in registration with the first face outlet vent. 10. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the airfoil body has a tip surface extending from the ice accretion feature to the trailing edge of the airfoil body, the tip surface defining an insulating cavity inlet that is located chordwise between the ice accretion feature and the temperature probe. 11. The sensor of claim 10, wherein the airfoil body has a first face with a first face outlet vent and defines therethrough an insulating cavity, the insulating cavity fluidly coupling the insulating cavity inlet with the first face outlet vent. 12. The sensor of claim 11, wherein the airfoil body has a second face with a second face outlet vent, wherein the insulating cavity inlet is fluidly coupled to the second face outlet vent by the insulating cavity. 13. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the airfoil body defines a temperature sense chamber that is located chordwise between the trailing edge of the airfoil body and the heater element, wherein the temperature probe extends at least partially through the temperature sense chamber. 14. The sensor of the claim 13, wherein the airfoil body has a first face extending between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil body, the first face defining therethrough a first face aperture, wherein the temperature sense chamber is fluidly coupled to an environment external to the airfoil body by the first face aperture. 15. The sensor of claim 14, wherein the airfoil body has a second face extending between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil body, the second face defining therethrough a second face aperture, wherein the second face aperture is in registration with the first face aperture. 16. The sensor of claim 15, wherein the temperature sense chamber is fluidly coupled to the environment external to the airfoil body by the second face aperture. 17. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the sensor is a P2T2 sensor or a P25T25 sensor fixed to a gas turbine engine. 18. A gas turbine engine, comprising:
a compressor section with a compressor inlet; a combustor section in fluid communication with the compressor section; a turbine section in fluid communication with the combustor section; and a sensor as recited in claim 1 supported within the compressor inlet of the compressor section, wherein the ice accretion feature is arranged below the airfoil body relative to gravity. 19. A method of making a sensor, comprising:
forming an airfoil body defining a sensor axis and having a leading edge, a trailing edge, and an ice accretion feature using an additive manufacturing technique; wherein forming the airfoil with the additive manufacturing technique includes defining a heater element seat extending axially through the airfoil body between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil body; wherein forming the airfoil body with the additive manufacturing technique includes defining a temperature probe seat extending axially through the airfoil body between the heater element seat and the trailing edge of the airfoil body such that the ice accretion feature axially overlaps the heater element seat; positioning a heater element within the heater element seat; and positioning a temperature probe within the temperature probe seat. 20. A method of controlling ice accretion, comprising:
at a sensor including an airfoil body defining a sensor axis and having a leading edge, a trailing edge, and an ice accretion feature; a heater element extending axially through the airfoil body between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil body; and a temperature probe extending axially through the airfoil body between the heater element and the trailing edge of the airfoil body, the heater element axially overlapped by the ice accretion feature; heating a heated portion of the airfoil body with the heater element; thermally separating the temperature probe from the heater element by flowing air traversing the ice accretion feature through the airfoil body; heating the ice accretion feature to a temperature than is greater than that of the temperature probe; and accreting ice chordwise forward of a tip surface aperture. | A sensor includes an airfoil body, a heater element, and a temperature probe. The airfoil body defines a sensor axis and having a leading edge, a trailing edge, and an ice accretion feature. The heater element extends axially through the airfoil body between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil body. The temperature probe extends axially through the airfoil body between the heater element and the trailing edge of the airfoil body. The heater element is axially overlapped by the ice accretion feature to accrete ice chordwise forward of a tip surface aperture. Gas turbine engines, methods of making sensors, and methods of accreting ice on sensors are also described.1. A sensor, comprising:
an airfoil body defining a sensor axis and having a leading edge, a trailing edge, and an ice accretion feature; a heater element extending axially through the airfoil body between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil body; and a temperature probe extending axially through the airfoil body between the heater element and the trailing edge of the airfoil body, wherein the heater element is axially overlapped by the ice accretion feature to accrete ice chordwise forward of the tip surface aperture. 2. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the ice accretion feature extends from the leading edge of the airfoil body to an ice accretion feature terminus that is located chordwise between the heater element and the temperature probe. 3. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the airfoil body has a first face and a second face defining therebetween an airfoil width, and wherein the ice accretion feature has an ice accretion feature width that is smaller than the airfoil width. 4. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the ice accretion feature includes a fin body extending from the leading edge to an ice accretion feature terminus that is located chordwise between the heater element and the temperature probe. 5. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the airfoil body has a first face and a second face defining therebetween an airfoil width, and wherein the ice accretion feature has an ice accretion feature width that is greater than the airfoil width. 6. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the airfoil body has a spherical body extending from the leading edge to an ice accretion feature terminus that is located chordwise between the heater element and the temperature probe. 7. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the airfoil body defines therethrough an insulating cavity extending axially through the airfoil body between the temperature probe and the heater element. 8. The sensor of claim 7, wherein the airfoil body has a first face defining a first face outlet vent, the first face outlet vent in fluid communication with the insulating cavity. 9. The sensor of claim 8, wherein the airfoil body has a second face defining a second face outlet vent, the second face outlet vent in fluid communication with the insulating cavity and in registration with the first face outlet vent. 10. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the airfoil body has a tip surface extending from the ice accretion feature to the trailing edge of the airfoil body, the tip surface defining an insulating cavity inlet that is located chordwise between the ice accretion feature and the temperature probe. 11. The sensor of claim 10, wherein the airfoil body has a first face with a first face outlet vent and defines therethrough an insulating cavity, the insulating cavity fluidly coupling the insulating cavity inlet with the first face outlet vent. 12. The sensor of claim 11, wherein the airfoil body has a second face with a second face outlet vent, wherein the insulating cavity inlet is fluidly coupled to the second face outlet vent by the insulating cavity. 13. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the airfoil body defines a temperature sense chamber that is located chordwise between the trailing edge of the airfoil body and the heater element, wherein the temperature probe extends at least partially through the temperature sense chamber. 14. The sensor of the claim 13, wherein the airfoil body has a first face extending between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil body, the first face defining therethrough a first face aperture, wherein the temperature sense chamber is fluidly coupled to an environment external to the airfoil body by the first face aperture. 15. The sensor of claim 14, wherein the airfoil body has a second face extending between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil body, the second face defining therethrough a second face aperture, wherein the second face aperture is in registration with the first face aperture. 16. The sensor of claim 15, wherein the temperature sense chamber is fluidly coupled to the environment external to the airfoil body by the second face aperture. 17. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the sensor is a P2T2 sensor or a P25T25 sensor fixed to a gas turbine engine. 18. A gas turbine engine, comprising:
a compressor section with a compressor inlet; a combustor section in fluid communication with the compressor section; a turbine section in fluid communication with the combustor section; and a sensor as recited in claim 1 supported within the compressor inlet of the compressor section, wherein the ice accretion feature is arranged below the airfoil body relative to gravity. 19. A method of making a sensor, comprising:
forming an airfoil body defining a sensor axis and having a leading edge, a trailing edge, and an ice accretion feature using an additive manufacturing technique; wherein forming the airfoil with the additive manufacturing technique includes defining a heater element seat extending axially through the airfoil body between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil body; wherein forming the airfoil body with the additive manufacturing technique includes defining a temperature probe seat extending axially through the airfoil body between the heater element seat and the trailing edge of the airfoil body such that the ice accretion feature axially overlaps the heater element seat; positioning a heater element within the heater element seat; and positioning a temperature probe within the temperature probe seat. 20. A method of controlling ice accretion, comprising:
at a sensor including an airfoil body defining a sensor axis and having a leading edge, a trailing edge, and an ice accretion feature; a heater element extending axially through the airfoil body between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil body; and a temperature probe extending axially through the airfoil body between the heater element and the trailing edge of the airfoil body, the heater element axially overlapped by the ice accretion feature; heating a heated portion of the airfoil body with the heater element; thermally separating the temperature probe from the heater element by flowing air traversing the ice accretion feature through the airfoil body; heating the ice accretion feature to a temperature than is greater than that of the temperature probe; and accreting ice chordwise forward of a tip surface aperture. | 1,600 |
346,974 | 16,805,451 | 1,642 | Induction powered electrical current monitoring, and related devices, apparatuses, systems, and methods are disclosed. An electricity current monitoring device can include an inductive energy transfer medium, an energy storage device, a power management circuit, and a processing circuit. The inductive energy transfer medium can induce an electromotive force to produce electrical energy that can be stored in the energy storage device. A power management circuit can control storage of the electrical energy in the energy storage device and can control release of the electrical energy from the energy storage device. The processing circuit can measure the electrical current in the monitored energy source based on the fluctuating magnetic field generated by the inductive energy transfer medium. The processing circuit is electrically coupled to the power management circuit to be powered using the electrical energy released from the energy storage device. | 1. An electricity current monitoring device, comprising:
a harvesting electrical component to transfer first electrical energy generated from an electromotive force produced by a fluctuating magnetic field induced in the harvesting electrical component from a fluctuating flow of electrical current in a primary energy source; an energy storage device to store the first electrical energy; power management circuitry to control storage of the first electrical energy in the energy storage device; a monitoring electrical component to transfer second electrical energy generated from an electromotive force produced by a fluctuating magnetic field induced in the monitoring electrical component from a fluctuating flow of electrical current in a monitored energy source; and a processing device to be powered by the first electrical energy being released from the energy storage device, the processing device to detect a present real-time electrical current conducted in the monitored energy source based on the second electrical energy and to transmit data to indicate the present real-time electrical current. 2. The electricity current monitoring device of claim 1, the data further to indicate electrical current conducted on the monitored energy source before the processing device is provided the first electrical energy being released from the energy storage device to measure the present real-time electrical current. 3. The electricity current monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the monitoring electrical component is also the harvesting electrical component and the monitored energy source is also the primary energy source. 4. The electricity current monitoring device of claim 3, further comprising:
delivery circuitry to control delivery of the first electrical energy to the energy storage device to be stored and delivery of the second electrical energy to the processing device for detecting the present real-time electrical energy conducted in the monitored energy source. 5. The electricity current monitoring device of claim 4, wherein the delivery circuitry comprises a gate to be switched at a transition from storing the first portion of the electrical energy in the energy storage device to releasing the first portion of the electrical energy from the energy storage device, and
wherein the gate switches delivery of the electrical energy from the energy storage device to the processing device. 6. The electricity current monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the monitored energy source is also the primary energy source. 7. The electricity current monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the fluctuating flow of the electrical current in the monitored energy source is alternating current (AC). 8. An electrical energy monitoring device, comprising:
a primary inductive energy transfer medium to transfer a first electrical energy generated from an electromotive force produced by a fluctuating magnetic field induced in the primary inductive energy transfer medium from a fluctuating flow of electrical current in a primary electrical conductor; an energy storage device to store the first electrical energy; power management circuitry to control storage of the first electrical energy in the energy storage device; a monitoring inductive energy transfer medium to transfer a second electrical energy generated from an electromotive force produced by a fluctuating magnetic field induced in the monitoring inductive energy transfer medium from a fluctuating flow of electrical current in a monitored electrical conductor; and processing circuitry to be powered by the first electrical energy being released from the energy storage device, the processing circuitry to:
detect electrical energy conducted in the monitored electrical conductor based on the second electrical energy, and
transmit data indicating the electrical energy conducted on the monitored electrical conductor. 9. The electrical energy monitoring device of claim 1, further comprising:
delivery circuitry to control delivery of the first electrical energy to the energy storage device to be stored and delivery of the second electrical energy to the processing circuitry for detecting the present real-time electrical energy conducted in the monitored energy source. 10. The electrical energy monitoring device of claim 9, wherein the delivery circuitry comprises a gate to be switched at a transition from storing the first portion of the electrical energy in the energy storage device to releasing the first portion of the electrical energy from the energy storage device, and
wherein the gate switches delivery of the electrical energy from the energy storage device to the processing circuitry. 11. The electrical energy monitoring device of claim 8, wherein the transmitted data is further to indicate electrical current conducted on the monitored electrical conductor before the processing circuitry is provided the first electrical energy being released from the energy storage device. 12. The electrical energy monitoring device of claim 8, wherein the monitored electrical conductor is also the primary electrical conductor. 13. The electrical energy monitoring device of claim 8, wherein the monitoring inductive energy transfer medium is also the primary inductive energy transfer medium and the monitored electrical conductor is also the primary electrical conductor. 14. An electricity monitoring device, comprising:
an electrical component to transfer first electrical energy generated from an electromotive force produced by a fluctuating magnetic field induced in the electrical component from a fluctuating flow of electrical current in a primary energy source; an energy storage device to store the first electrical energy; power management circuitry to control storage of the first electrical energy in the energy storage device; and a processing device to be powered by the first electrical energy being released from the energy storage device, the processing device to detect a present real-time electrical current in a monitored energy source based on a second electrical energy. 15. The electricity monitoring device of claim 14, further comprising:
a monitoring electrical component to transfer the second electrical energy, which is generated from an electromotive force produced by a fluctuating magnetic field induced in the monitoring electrical component by a fluctuating flow of electrical current in the monitored energy source. 16. The electricity monitoring device of claim 14, wherein the primary energy source is the monitored energy source. 17. The electricity monitoring device of claim 14, wherein the monitored energy source is distinct from the primary energy source. 18. The electricity monitoring device of claim 14, wherein the electrical component is further to transfer the second electrical energy, which is generated from the electromotive force produced by the fluctuating magnetic field induced in the electrical component by the fluctuating flow of electrical current in the primary energy source. 19. The electricity monitoring device of claim 14, wherein the processing device is further to transmit data to indicate the present real-time electrical current. 20. The electricity monitoring device of claim 14, wherein the processing device is further to determine a past electrical current that was in the monitored energy source during storing of the first portion of the electrical energy in the energy storage device, the past electrical current based on the first electrical energy and a time elapsed between a previously detected real-time electrical current and the present real-time electrical current. | Induction powered electrical current monitoring, and related devices, apparatuses, systems, and methods are disclosed. An electricity current monitoring device can include an inductive energy transfer medium, an energy storage device, a power management circuit, and a processing circuit. The inductive energy transfer medium can induce an electromotive force to produce electrical energy that can be stored in the energy storage device. A power management circuit can control storage of the electrical energy in the energy storage device and can control release of the electrical energy from the energy storage device. The processing circuit can measure the electrical current in the monitored energy source based on the fluctuating magnetic field generated by the inductive energy transfer medium. The processing circuit is electrically coupled to the power management circuit to be powered using the electrical energy released from the energy storage device.1. An electricity current monitoring device, comprising:
a harvesting electrical component to transfer first electrical energy generated from an electromotive force produced by a fluctuating magnetic field induced in the harvesting electrical component from a fluctuating flow of electrical current in a primary energy source; an energy storage device to store the first electrical energy; power management circuitry to control storage of the first electrical energy in the energy storage device; a monitoring electrical component to transfer second electrical energy generated from an electromotive force produced by a fluctuating magnetic field induced in the monitoring electrical component from a fluctuating flow of electrical current in a monitored energy source; and a processing device to be powered by the first electrical energy being released from the energy storage device, the processing device to detect a present real-time electrical current conducted in the monitored energy source based on the second electrical energy and to transmit data to indicate the present real-time electrical current. 2. The electricity current monitoring device of claim 1, the data further to indicate electrical current conducted on the monitored energy source before the processing device is provided the first electrical energy being released from the energy storage device to measure the present real-time electrical current. 3. The electricity current monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the monitoring electrical component is also the harvesting electrical component and the monitored energy source is also the primary energy source. 4. The electricity current monitoring device of claim 3, further comprising:
delivery circuitry to control delivery of the first electrical energy to the energy storage device to be stored and delivery of the second electrical energy to the processing device for detecting the present real-time electrical energy conducted in the monitored energy source. 5. The electricity current monitoring device of claim 4, wherein the delivery circuitry comprises a gate to be switched at a transition from storing the first portion of the electrical energy in the energy storage device to releasing the first portion of the electrical energy from the energy storage device, and
wherein the gate switches delivery of the electrical energy from the energy storage device to the processing device. 6. The electricity current monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the monitored energy source is also the primary energy source. 7. The electricity current monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the fluctuating flow of the electrical current in the monitored energy source is alternating current (AC). 8. An electrical energy monitoring device, comprising:
a primary inductive energy transfer medium to transfer a first electrical energy generated from an electromotive force produced by a fluctuating magnetic field induced in the primary inductive energy transfer medium from a fluctuating flow of electrical current in a primary electrical conductor; an energy storage device to store the first electrical energy; power management circuitry to control storage of the first electrical energy in the energy storage device; a monitoring inductive energy transfer medium to transfer a second electrical energy generated from an electromotive force produced by a fluctuating magnetic field induced in the monitoring inductive energy transfer medium from a fluctuating flow of electrical current in a monitored electrical conductor; and processing circuitry to be powered by the first electrical energy being released from the energy storage device, the processing circuitry to:
detect electrical energy conducted in the monitored electrical conductor based on the second electrical energy, and
transmit data indicating the electrical energy conducted on the monitored electrical conductor. 9. The electrical energy monitoring device of claim 1, further comprising:
delivery circuitry to control delivery of the first electrical energy to the energy storage device to be stored and delivery of the second electrical energy to the processing circuitry for detecting the present real-time electrical energy conducted in the monitored energy source. 10. The electrical energy monitoring device of claim 9, wherein the delivery circuitry comprises a gate to be switched at a transition from storing the first portion of the electrical energy in the energy storage device to releasing the first portion of the electrical energy from the energy storage device, and
wherein the gate switches delivery of the electrical energy from the energy storage device to the processing circuitry. 11. The electrical energy monitoring device of claim 8, wherein the transmitted data is further to indicate electrical current conducted on the monitored electrical conductor before the processing circuitry is provided the first electrical energy being released from the energy storage device. 12. The electrical energy monitoring device of claim 8, wherein the monitored electrical conductor is also the primary electrical conductor. 13. The electrical energy monitoring device of claim 8, wherein the monitoring inductive energy transfer medium is also the primary inductive energy transfer medium and the monitored electrical conductor is also the primary electrical conductor. 14. An electricity monitoring device, comprising:
an electrical component to transfer first electrical energy generated from an electromotive force produced by a fluctuating magnetic field induced in the electrical component from a fluctuating flow of electrical current in a primary energy source; an energy storage device to store the first electrical energy; power management circuitry to control storage of the first electrical energy in the energy storage device; and a processing device to be powered by the first electrical energy being released from the energy storage device, the processing device to detect a present real-time electrical current in a monitored energy source based on a second electrical energy. 15. The electricity monitoring device of claim 14, further comprising:
a monitoring electrical component to transfer the second electrical energy, which is generated from an electromotive force produced by a fluctuating magnetic field induced in the monitoring electrical component by a fluctuating flow of electrical current in the monitored energy source. 16. The electricity monitoring device of claim 14, wherein the primary energy source is the monitored energy source. 17. The electricity monitoring device of claim 14, wherein the monitored energy source is distinct from the primary energy source. 18. The electricity monitoring device of claim 14, wherein the electrical component is further to transfer the second electrical energy, which is generated from the electromotive force produced by the fluctuating magnetic field induced in the electrical component by the fluctuating flow of electrical current in the primary energy source. 19. The electricity monitoring device of claim 14, wherein the processing device is further to transmit data to indicate the present real-time electrical current. 20. The electricity monitoring device of claim 14, wherein the processing device is further to determine a past electrical current that was in the monitored energy source during storing of the first portion of the electrical energy in the energy storage device, the past electrical current based on the first electrical energy and a time elapsed between a previously detected real-time electrical current and the present real-time electrical current. | 1,600 |
346,975 | 16,805,466 | 2,814 | A semiconductor storage device includes a substrate, a first conductor layer, a plurality of second conductor layers, and a first contact. The substrate includes a core region, a first region surrounding the core region, and a second region connecting the core region and the first region. The first conductor layer is above the core region, the first region, and the second region. The second conductor layers are above the first conductor layer above the core region. The first contact is above the first region and extends in the thickness direction. The first contact separates the first conductor layer above the first region into a first portion surrounded by the first contact and a second portion surrounding the first contact. The first portion of the first conductor layer includes a first oxidized portion, and the second portion of the first conductor layer includes a second oxidized portion. | 1. A semiconductor storage device, comprising:
a substrate having a core region, a first region surrounding the core region, and a second region connecting the core region and the first region; a first conductor layer on the substrate above the core region, the first region, and the second region; a plurality of second conductor layers on the first conductor layer above the core region, the second conductor layers being spaced from each other in a thickness direction of the substrate; a plurality of memory pillars extending through the plurality of second conductor layers and contacting the first conductor layer in the core region; and a first contact above the first region of the substrate and extending in the thickness direction of the substrate, the first contact surrounding the plurality of second conductor layers above the core region and separates a part of the first conductor layer above the first region into a first portion that is surrounded by the first contact and a second portion that is surrounding the first contact, wherein the first portion includes a first oxidized portion that contacts the first contact, and the second portion includes a second oxidized portion that contacts the first contact. 2. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the first oxidized portion electrically isolates the first portion from the first contact, and the second oxidized portion electrically isolates the second from the first contact. 3. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the first oxidized portion contains a first impurity and, the second oxidized portion contains a second impurity. 4. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 3, wherein
the first impurity is at least one of phosphorus, arsenic, and boron, and the second impurity is at least one of phosphorus, arsenic, and boron. 5. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the first oxidized portion extends into the first contact, and the second oxidized portion extends into the second contact. 6. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein the first conductor layer above the core region is a select gate line. 7. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of first insulator layers spaced from each other in a thickness direction of the substrate above the first conductor layer above the core region, the plurality of first insulator layers being at same layer levels as the plurality of second conductor layers, respectively; and a second contact above the first region of the substrate and extending through the first conductor layer and the plurality of first insulator layers in the thickness direction of the substrate, wherein the second contact is electrically isolated from the first conductor layer. 8. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 7, wherein an upper surface of the first contact is flush with an upper surface of the second contact. 9. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 7, wherein the first conductor layer above the core region includes a third oxidized portion surrounding the second contact. 10. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 9, wherein the third oxidized portion contacts a side surface of the second contact. 11. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 9, wherein the third oxidized portion contains an impurity. 12. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 11, wherein the impurity in the third oxidized portion is at least one of phosphorus, arsenic, and boron. 13. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 9, wherein the third oxidized portion extends into the second contact. 14. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein the first contact has a rectangular ring shape in a cross-section along a surface of the substrate. 15. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the substrate further includes a third region surrounding the first region and a fourth region connecting the first region and the third region, and the first conductor layer is above the third region and the fourth region. 16. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 15, wherein
the first conductor layer above the first region has a rectangular ring shape in a cross-section along a surface of the substrate, and the first conductor layer above the third region has a rectangular ring shape in a cross-section along the surface of the substrate. 17. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor storage device, the method comprising:
forming a first conductor layer above a core region, a first region, and a second region of a substrate, the first region surrounding the core region, and the second region connecting the core region and the first region; forming a plurality of sacrificial layers separated from each other in a thickness direction of the substrate above the core region of the substrate and above the first conductor layer; forming a plurality of pillars extending through the first conductor layer above the core region and the plurality of sacrificial layers; removing a part of each of the plurality of sacrificial layers and forming a second conductor layer in a space from which the part of each of the plurality of sacrificial layers is removed; forming a slit that divides a part of the first conductor layer above the first region into a first portion surrounded by the slit and a second portion surrounding the slit; selectively oxidizing a first side surface of the first portion that is exposed in the slit and a second surface of the second portion that is exposed in the slit; and after the selective oxidizing, forming a first contact in the slit. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein
the first side surface of the first portion that has been oxidized electrically isolates the first portion of the first conductor layer from the first contact, and the second side surface of the second portion that has been oxidized electrically isolates the second portion of the first conductor layer from the first contact. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein
the first side surface of the first portion that has been oxidized contains a first impurity, and the second side surface of the second portion that has been oxidized contains a second impurity. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein
the first impurity is at least one of phosphorus, arsenic, and boron, and the second impurity is at least one of phosphorous, arsenic, and boron. | A semiconductor storage device includes a substrate, a first conductor layer, a plurality of second conductor layers, and a first contact. The substrate includes a core region, a first region surrounding the core region, and a second region connecting the core region and the first region. The first conductor layer is above the core region, the first region, and the second region. The second conductor layers are above the first conductor layer above the core region. The first contact is above the first region and extends in the thickness direction. The first contact separates the first conductor layer above the first region into a first portion surrounded by the first contact and a second portion surrounding the first contact. The first portion of the first conductor layer includes a first oxidized portion, and the second portion of the first conductor layer includes a second oxidized portion.1. A semiconductor storage device, comprising:
a substrate having a core region, a first region surrounding the core region, and a second region connecting the core region and the first region; a first conductor layer on the substrate above the core region, the first region, and the second region; a plurality of second conductor layers on the first conductor layer above the core region, the second conductor layers being spaced from each other in a thickness direction of the substrate; a plurality of memory pillars extending through the plurality of second conductor layers and contacting the first conductor layer in the core region; and a first contact above the first region of the substrate and extending in the thickness direction of the substrate, the first contact surrounding the plurality of second conductor layers above the core region and separates a part of the first conductor layer above the first region into a first portion that is surrounded by the first contact and a second portion that is surrounding the first contact, wherein the first portion includes a first oxidized portion that contacts the first contact, and the second portion includes a second oxidized portion that contacts the first contact. 2. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the first oxidized portion electrically isolates the first portion from the first contact, and the second oxidized portion electrically isolates the second from the first contact. 3. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the first oxidized portion contains a first impurity and, the second oxidized portion contains a second impurity. 4. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 3, wherein
the first impurity is at least one of phosphorus, arsenic, and boron, and the second impurity is at least one of phosphorus, arsenic, and boron. 5. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the first oxidized portion extends into the first contact, and the second oxidized portion extends into the second contact. 6. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein the first conductor layer above the core region is a select gate line. 7. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of first insulator layers spaced from each other in a thickness direction of the substrate above the first conductor layer above the core region, the plurality of first insulator layers being at same layer levels as the plurality of second conductor layers, respectively; and a second contact above the first region of the substrate and extending through the first conductor layer and the plurality of first insulator layers in the thickness direction of the substrate, wherein the second contact is electrically isolated from the first conductor layer. 8. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 7, wherein an upper surface of the first contact is flush with an upper surface of the second contact. 9. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 7, wherein the first conductor layer above the core region includes a third oxidized portion surrounding the second contact. 10. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 9, wherein the third oxidized portion contacts a side surface of the second contact. 11. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 9, wherein the third oxidized portion contains an impurity. 12. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 11, wherein the impurity in the third oxidized portion is at least one of phosphorus, arsenic, and boron. 13. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 9, wherein the third oxidized portion extends into the second contact. 14. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein the first contact has a rectangular ring shape in a cross-section along a surface of the substrate. 15. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the substrate further includes a third region surrounding the first region and a fourth region connecting the first region and the third region, and the first conductor layer is above the third region and the fourth region. 16. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 15, wherein
the first conductor layer above the first region has a rectangular ring shape in a cross-section along a surface of the substrate, and the first conductor layer above the third region has a rectangular ring shape in a cross-section along the surface of the substrate. 17. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor storage device, the method comprising:
forming a first conductor layer above a core region, a first region, and a second region of a substrate, the first region surrounding the core region, and the second region connecting the core region and the first region; forming a plurality of sacrificial layers separated from each other in a thickness direction of the substrate above the core region of the substrate and above the first conductor layer; forming a plurality of pillars extending through the first conductor layer above the core region and the plurality of sacrificial layers; removing a part of each of the plurality of sacrificial layers and forming a second conductor layer in a space from which the part of each of the plurality of sacrificial layers is removed; forming a slit that divides a part of the first conductor layer above the first region into a first portion surrounded by the slit and a second portion surrounding the slit; selectively oxidizing a first side surface of the first portion that is exposed in the slit and a second surface of the second portion that is exposed in the slit; and after the selective oxidizing, forming a first contact in the slit. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein
the first side surface of the first portion that has been oxidized electrically isolates the first portion of the first conductor layer from the first contact, and the second side surface of the second portion that has been oxidized electrically isolates the second portion of the first conductor layer from the first contact. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein
the first side surface of the first portion that has been oxidized contains a first impurity, and the second side surface of the second portion that has been oxidized contains a second impurity. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein
the first impurity is at least one of phosphorus, arsenic, and boron, and the second impurity is at least one of phosphorous, arsenic, and boron. | 2,800 |
346,976 | 16,805,450 | 2,814 | Various embodiments are directed to methods and apparatuses for determining a weight of one or more objects disposed about an area of the weight measurement device using a single force sensor to accurately measure a force generated by the one or more objects. In various embodiments, the apparatus comprises a housing, a receiving tray, a lever assembly configured to receive a weight force from the receiving tray and generate a collective lever force corresponding to the weight force, the lever assembly comprising a plurality of levers, wherein each lever of the plurality of levers being at least substantially fixed to the housing at a first lever location and configured to receive a partial weight force from the receiving tray at a second lever location, and a force sensor configured to define a fulcrum point along each of the plurality of levers. | 1. A weight measurement device comprising:
a housing; a receiving tray; a lever assembly configured to receive a weight force from the receiving tray and generate a collective lever force corresponding to the weight force, the lever assembly comprising a plurality of levers, wherein each lever of the plurality of levers is at least substantially fixed to the housing at a first lever location and configured to receive a partial weight force from the receiving tray at a second lever location; and a force sensor configured to generate force sensor data based at least in part on the collective lever force; wherein the force sensor is configured to define a fulcrum point along each of the plurality of levers. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the collective lever force comprises a point force; and wherein the force sensor data corresponds at least in part to the object weight of the at least one object. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the collective lever force is based at least in part on a sum of partial lever forces transmitted from each of the plurality of levers; wherein each partial lever force is defined at least in part by a lever ratio and the partial weight force received by a respective lever of the plurality of levers. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a controller configured to generate weight measurement data based at least in part on the force sensor data, wherein the weight measurement data corresponds at least in part to the object weight of the at least one object. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the controller is further configured to generate inventory measurement data based at least in part on the weight measurement data, wherein the inventory measurement data comprises an object count. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of levers comprises at least three levers. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of levers extends along a respective horizontal plane across at least a portion of an internal housing portion defined by the housing, and wherein a portion of each of the plurality of levers extends through a vertical lever alignment axis such that the plurality of levers is arranged in a vertical stack configuration. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the plurality of levers are evenly distributed about the vertical lever alignment axis such that each angular distance between adjacent levers of the plurality of levers is at least substantially the same. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the force sensor is at least substantially aligned with the vertical lever alignment axis such that the fulcrum point of each of the plurality of levers is at least substantially aligned with the vertical lever alignment axis, and wherein the force sensor is constrained against movement in the vertical direction. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the lever assembly further comprises a lever alignment component configured to at least partially constrain against movement of each of the plurality of levers so as to prevent the lever alignment axis from shifting in either a lateral direction or an angular direction. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least one receiving tray stop configured to at least partially restrict a range of motion of the receiving tray. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of levers comprises a lever ratio defined at least in part by a ratio of a total lever length to a lever fulcrum length. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the collective lever force comprises a product of the lever ratio and a weight force magnitude of the weight force. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the lever fulcrum length comprises a distance between the first lever end and the fulcrum point, and the lever ratio of each of the plurality of levers is at least substantially equal. 15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the collective lever force is defined at least in part by a collective lever force magnitude, and wherein the lever assembly is further configured such that the collective lever force magnitude is a multiple of a weight force magnitude of the weight force. 16. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the collective lever force is defined at least in part by a collective lever force magnitude, and wherein the lever assembly is further configured such that the collective lever force magnitude is a fraction of a weight force magnitude of the weight force. 17. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of levers comprises a lever tray interfaces disposed about the second lever end and configured to engage the receiving tray so as to define at least a portion of a measurement area perimeter configured to define an outer boundary of a measurement area of the receiving tray, wherein the weight measurement device is configured such that, upon a force being applied to the measurement area in a substantially vertical direction, a net moment realized by the receiving tray is at least substantially zero. 18. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a user interface portion, the user interface portion comprising a user interface display configured to display one or more of force sensor data, weight measurement data, and inventory measurement data. 19. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the receiving tray is configured to receive the at least one object, the at least one object being defined at least in part by the object weight, wherein the receiving tray is further configured to receive the weight force corresponding to the object weight from the at least one object. 20. A method of generating weight measurement data corresponding to one or more objects, the method comprising:
receiving a weight force corresponding to an object weight generated by one or more objects at a receiving tray; transmitting the weight force to a lever assembly operatively connected to the receiving tray, the lever assembly comprising a plurality of levers, wherein each of the plurality of levers comprises a first lever location comprising an at least substantially fixed configuration and second lever location engaged with the receiving tray; generating a collective lever force based at least in part on a configuration of the plurality of levers of the lever assembly, the collective lever force corresponding at least in part to the weight force; transmitting the collective lever force to a force sensor operatively connected to the lever assembly; generating force sensor data based at least in part on the collective lever force received by the force sensor; and generating weight measurement data based at least in part on the force sensor data, wherein the weight measurement data comprises the object weight of the at least one object. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the plurality of levers is configured such that each of the plurality of levers extends along a respective horizontal plane and through a vertical lever alignment axis such that the plurality of levers is arranged in a vertical stack configuration. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein generating weight measurement data based at least in part on the force sensor data comprises applying one or more compensation factors to the generated weight measurement data to account for one or more of ambient conditions associated with the ambient environment and a multiplication factor realized by the force sensor data based at least in part on the configuration of the lever assembly. 23. The method of claim 20, further comprising generating inventory measurement data based at least in part on the weight measurement data, wherein the inventory measurement data comprises an object count. 24. The method of claim 23, further comprising receiving user input comprising a user selection of a designated object type corresponding to a known object type of the one or more objects associated with the object weight. | Various embodiments are directed to methods and apparatuses for determining a weight of one or more objects disposed about an area of the weight measurement device using a single force sensor to accurately measure a force generated by the one or more objects. In various embodiments, the apparatus comprises a housing, a receiving tray, a lever assembly configured to receive a weight force from the receiving tray and generate a collective lever force corresponding to the weight force, the lever assembly comprising a plurality of levers, wherein each lever of the plurality of levers being at least substantially fixed to the housing at a first lever location and configured to receive a partial weight force from the receiving tray at a second lever location, and a force sensor configured to define a fulcrum point along each of the plurality of levers.1. A weight measurement device comprising:
a housing; a receiving tray; a lever assembly configured to receive a weight force from the receiving tray and generate a collective lever force corresponding to the weight force, the lever assembly comprising a plurality of levers, wherein each lever of the plurality of levers is at least substantially fixed to the housing at a first lever location and configured to receive a partial weight force from the receiving tray at a second lever location; and a force sensor configured to generate force sensor data based at least in part on the collective lever force; wherein the force sensor is configured to define a fulcrum point along each of the plurality of levers. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the collective lever force comprises a point force; and wherein the force sensor data corresponds at least in part to the object weight of the at least one object. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the collective lever force is based at least in part on a sum of partial lever forces transmitted from each of the plurality of levers; wherein each partial lever force is defined at least in part by a lever ratio and the partial weight force received by a respective lever of the plurality of levers. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a controller configured to generate weight measurement data based at least in part on the force sensor data, wherein the weight measurement data corresponds at least in part to the object weight of the at least one object. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the controller is further configured to generate inventory measurement data based at least in part on the weight measurement data, wherein the inventory measurement data comprises an object count. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of levers comprises at least three levers. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of levers extends along a respective horizontal plane across at least a portion of an internal housing portion defined by the housing, and wherein a portion of each of the plurality of levers extends through a vertical lever alignment axis such that the plurality of levers is arranged in a vertical stack configuration. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the plurality of levers are evenly distributed about the vertical lever alignment axis such that each angular distance between adjacent levers of the plurality of levers is at least substantially the same. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the force sensor is at least substantially aligned with the vertical lever alignment axis such that the fulcrum point of each of the plurality of levers is at least substantially aligned with the vertical lever alignment axis, and wherein the force sensor is constrained against movement in the vertical direction. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the lever assembly further comprises a lever alignment component configured to at least partially constrain against movement of each of the plurality of levers so as to prevent the lever alignment axis from shifting in either a lateral direction or an angular direction. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least one receiving tray stop configured to at least partially restrict a range of motion of the receiving tray. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of levers comprises a lever ratio defined at least in part by a ratio of a total lever length to a lever fulcrum length. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the collective lever force comprises a product of the lever ratio and a weight force magnitude of the weight force. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the lever fulcrum length comprises a distance between the first lever end and the fulcrum point, and the lever ratio of each of the plurality of levers is at least substantially equal. 15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the collective lever force is defined at least in part by a collective lever force magnitude, and wherein the lever assembly is further configured such that the collective lever force magnitude is a multiple of a weight force magnitude of the weight force. 16. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the collective lever force is defined at least in part by a collective lever force magnitude, and wherein the lever assembly is further configured such that the collective lever force magnitude is a fraction of a weight force magnitude of the weight force. 17. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of levers comprises a lever tray interfaces disposed about the second lever end and configured to engage the receiving tray so as to define at least a portion of a measurement area perimeter configured to define an outer boundary of a measurement area of the receiving tray, wherein the weight measurement device is configured such that, upon a force being applied to the measurement area in a substantially vertical direction, a net moment realized by the receiving tray is at least substantially zero. 18. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a user interface portion, the user interface portion comprising a user interface display configured to display one or more of force sensor data, weight measurement data, and inventory measurement data. 19. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the receiving tray is configured to receive the at least one object, the at least one object being defined at least in part by the object weight, wherein the receiving tray is further configured to receive the weight force corresponding to the object weight from the at least one object. 20. A method of generating weight measurement data corresponding to one or more objects, the method comprising:
receiving a weight force corresponding to an object weight generated by one or more objects at a receiving tray; transmitting the weight force to a lever assembly operatively connected to the receiving tray, the lever assembly comprising a plurality of levers, wherein each of the plurality of levers comprises a first lever location comprising an at least substantially fixed configuration and second lever location engaged with the receiving tray; generating a collective lever force based at least in part on a configuration of the plurality of levers of the lever assembly, the collective lever force corresponding at least in part to the weight force; transmitting the collective lever force to a force sensor operatively connected to the lever assembly; generating force sensor data based at least in part on the collective lever force received by the force sensor; and generating weight measurement data based at least in part on the force sensor data, wherein the weight measurement data comprises the object weight of the at least one object. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the plurality of levers is configured such that each of the plurality of levers extends along a respective horizontal plane and through a vertical lever alignment axis such that the plurality of levers is arranged in a vertical stack configuration. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein generating weight measurement data based at least in part on the force sensor data comprises applying one or more compensation factors to the generated weight measurement data to account for one or more of ambient conditions associated with the ambient environment and a multiplication factor realized by the force sensor data based at least in part on the configuration of the lever assembly. 23. The method of claim 20, further comprising generating inventory measurement data based at least in part on the weight measurement data, wherein the inventory measurement data comprises an object count. 24. The method of claim 23, further comprising receiving user input comprising a user selection of a designated object type corresponding to a known object type of the one or more objects associated with the object weight. | 2,800 |
346,977 | 16,805,462 | 2,611 | Various embodiments are directed to methods and apparatuses for determining a weight of one or more objects disposed about an area of the weight measurement device using a single force sensor to accurately measure a force generated by the one or more objects. In various embodiments, the apparatus comprises a housing, a receiving tray, a lever assembly configured to receive a weight force from the receiving tray and generate a collective lever force corresponding to the weight force, the lever assembly comprising a plurality of levers, wherein each lever of the plurality of levers being at least substantially fixed to the housing at a first lever location and configured to receive a partial weight force from the receiving tray at a second lever location, and a force sensor configured to define a fulcrum point along each of the plurality of levers. | 1. A weight measurement device comprising:
a housing; a receiving tray; a lever assembly configured to receive a weight force from the receiving tray and generate a collective lever force corresponding to the weight force, the lever assembly comprising a plurality of levers, wherein each lever of the plurality of levers is at least substantially fixed to the housing at a first lever location and configured to receive a partial weight force from the receiving tray at a second lever location; and a force sensor configured to generate force sensor data based at least in part on the collective lever force; wherein the force sensor is configured to define a fulcrum point along each of the plurality of levers. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the collective lever force comprises a point force; and wherein the force sensor data corresponds at least in part to the object weight of the at least one object. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the collective lever force is based at least in part on a sum of partial lever forces transmitted from each of the plurality of levers; wherein each partial lever force is defined at least in part by a lever ratio and the partial weight force received by a respective lever of the plurality of levers. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a controller configured to generate weight measurement data based at least in part on the force sensor data, wherein the weight measurement data corresponds at least in part to the object weight of the at least one object. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the controller is further configured to generate inventory measurement data based at least in part on the weight measurement data, wherein the inventory measurement data comprises an object count. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of levers comprises at least three levers. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of levers extends along a respective horizontal plane across at least a portion of an internal housing portion defined by the housing, and wherein a portion of each of the plurality of levers extends through a vertical lever alignment axis such that the plurality of levers is arranged in a vertical stack configuration. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the plurality of levers are evenly distributed about the vertical lever alignment axis such that each angular distance between adjacent levers of the plurality of levers is at least substantially the same. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the force sensor is at least substantially aligned with the vertical lever alignment axis such that the fulcrum point of each of the plurality of levers is at least substantially aligned with the vertical lever alignment axis, and wherein the force sensor is constrained against movement in the vertical direction. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the lever assembly further comprises a lever alignment component configured to at least partially constrain against movement of each of the plurality of levers so as to prevent the lever alignment axis from shifting in either a lateral direction or an angular direction. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least one receiving tray stop configured to at least partially restrict a range of motion of the receiving tray. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of levers comprises a lever ratio defined at least in part by a ratio of a total lever length to a lever fulcrum length. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the collective lever force comprises a product of the lever ratio and a weight force magnitude of the weight force. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the lever fulcrum length comprises a distance between the first lever end and the fulcrum point, and the lever ratio of each of the plurality of levers is at least substantially equal. 15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the collective lever force is defined at least in part by a collective lever force magnitude, and wherein the lever assembly is further configured such that the collective lever force magnitude is a multiple of a weight force magnitude of the weight force. 16. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the collective lever force is defined at least in part by a collective lever force magnitude, and wherein the lever assembly is further configured such that the collective lever force magnitude is a fraction of a weight force magnitude of the weight force. 17. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of levers comprises a lever tray interfaces disposed about the second lever end and configured to engage the receiving tray so as to define at least a portion of a measurement area perimeter configured to define an outer boundary of a measurement area of the receiving tray, wherein the weight measurement device is configured such that, upon a force being applied to the measurement area in a substantially vertical direction, a net moment realized by the receiving tray is at least substantially zero. 18. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a user interface portion, the user interface portion comprising a user interface display configured to display one or more of force sensor data, weight measurement data, and inventory measurement data. 19. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the receiving tray is configured to receive the at least one object, the at least one object being defined at least in part by the object weight, wherein the receiving tray is further configured to receive the weight force corresponding to the object weight from the at least one object. 20. A method of generating weight measurement data corresponding to one or more objects, the method comprising:
receiving a weight force corresponding to an object weight generated by one or more objects at a receiving tray; transmitting the weight force to a lever assembly operatively connected to the receiving tray, the lever assembly comprising a plurality of levers, wherein each of the plurality of levers comprises a first lever location comprising an at least substantially fixed configuration and second lever location engaged with the receiving tray; generating a collective lever force based at least in part on a configuration of the plurality of levers of the lever assembly, the collective lever force corresponding at least in part to the weight force; transmitting the collective lever force to a force sensor operatively connected to the lever assembly; generating force sensor data based at least in part on the collective lever force received by the force sensor; and generating weight measurement data based at least in part on the force sensor data, wherein the weight measurement data comprises the object weight of the at least one object. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the plurality of levers is configured such that each of the plurality of levers extends along a respective horizontal plane and through a vertical lever alignment axis such that the plurality of levers is arranged in a vertical stack configuration. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein generating weight measurement data based at least in part on the force sensor data comprises applying one or more compensation factors to the generated weight measurement data to account for one or more of ambient conditions associated with the ambient environment and a multiplication factor realized by the force sensor data based at least in part on the configuration of the lever assembly. 23. The method of claim 20, further comprising generating inventory measurement data based at least in part on the weight measurement data, wherein the inventory measurement data comprises an object count. 24. The method of claim 23, further comprising receiving user input comprising a user selection of a designated object type corresponding to a known object type of the one or more objects associated with the object weight. | Various embodiments are directed to methods and apparatuses for determining a weight of one or more objects disposed about an area of the weight measurement device using a single force sensor to accurately measure a force generated by the one or more objects. In various embodiments, the apparatus comprises a housing, a receiving tray, a lever assembly configured to receive a weight force from the receiving tray and generate a collective lever force corresponding to the weight force, the lever assembly comprising a plurality of levers, wherein each lever of the plurality of levers being at least substantially fixed to the housing at a first lever location and configured to receive a partial weight force from the receiving tray at a second lever location, and a force sensor configured to define a fulcrum point along each of the plurality of levers.1. A weight measurement device comprising:
a housing; a receiving tray; a lever assembly configured to receive a weight force from the receiving tray and generate a collective lever force corresponding to the weight force, the lever assembly comprising a plurality of levers, wherein each lever of the plurality of levers is at least substantially fixed to the housing at a first lever location and configured to receive a partial weight force from the receiving tray at a second lever location; and a force sensor configured to generate force sensor data based at least in part on the collective lever force; wherein the force sensor is configured to define a fulcrum point along each of the plurality of levers. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the collective lever force comprises a point force; and wherein the force sensor data corresponds at least in part to the object weight of the at least one object. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the collective lever force is based at least in part on a sum of partial lever forces transmitted from each of the plurality of levers; wherein each partial lever force is defined at least in part by a lever ratio and the partial weight force received by a respective lever of the plurality of levers. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a controller configured to generate weight measurement data based at least in part on the force sensor data, wherein the weight measurement data corresponds at least in part to the object weight of the at least one object. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the controller is further configured to generate inventory measurement data based at least in part on the weight measurement data, wherein the inventory measurement data comprises an object count. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of levers comprises at least three levers. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of levers extends along a respective horizontal plane across at least a portion of an internal housing portion defined by the housing, and wherein a portion of each of the plurality of levers extends through a vertical lever alignment axis such that the plurality of levers is arranged in a vertical stack configuration. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the plurality of levers are evenly distributed about the vertical lever alignment axis such that each angular distance between adjacent levers of the plurality of levers is at least substantially the same. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the force sensor is at least substantially aligned with the vertical lever alignment axis such that the fulcrum point of each of the plurality of levers is at least substantially aligned with the vertical lever alignment axis, and wherein the force sensor is constrained against movement in the vertical direction. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the lever assembly further comprises a lever alignment component configured to at least partially constrain against movement of each of the plurality of levers so as to prevent the lever alignment axis from shifting in either a lateral direction or an angular direction. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least one receiving tray stop configured to at least partially restrict a range of motion of the receiving tray. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of levers comprises a lever ratio defined at least in part by a ratio of a total lever length to a lever fulcrum length. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the collective lever force comprises a product of the lever ratio and a weight force magnitude of the weight force. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the lever fulcrum length comprises a distance between the first lever end and the fulcrum point, and the lever ratio of each of the plurality of levers is at least substantially equal. 15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the collective lever force is defined at least in part by a collective lever force magnitude, and wherein the lever assembly is further configured such that the collective lever force magnitude is a multiple of a weight force magnitude of the weight force. 16. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the collective lever force is defined at least in part by a collective lever force magnitude, and wherein the lever assembly is further configured such that the collective lever force magnitude is a fraction of a weight force magnitude of the weight force. 17. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of levers comprises a lever tray interfaces disposed about the second lever end and configured to engage the receiving tray so as to define at least a portion of a measurement area perimeter configured to define an outer boundary of a measurement area of the receiving tray, wherein the weight measurement device is configured such that, upon a force being applied to the measurement area in a substantially vertical direction, a net moment realized by the receiving tray is at least substantially zero. 18. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a user interface portion, the user interface portion comprising a user interface display configured to display one or more of force sensor data, weight measurement data, and inventory measurement data. 19. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the receiving tray is configured to receive the at least one object, the at least one object being defined at least in part by the object weight, wherein the receiving tray is further configured to receive the weight force corresponding to the object weight from the at least one object. 20. A method of generating weight measurement data corresponding to one or more objects, the method comprising:
receiving a weight force corresponding to an object weight generated by one or more objects at a receiving tray; transmitting the weight force to a lever assembly operatively connected to the receiving tray, the lever assembly comprising a plurality of levers, wherein each of the plurality of levers comprises a first lever location comprising an at least substantially fixed configuration and second lever location engaged with the receiving tray; generating a collective lever force based at least in part on a configuration of the plurality of levers of the lever assembly, the collective lever force corresponding at least in part to the weight force; transmitting the collective lever force to a force sensor operatively connected to the lever assembly; generating force sensor data based at least in part on the collective lever force received by the force sensor; and generating weight measurement data based at least in part on the force sensor data, wherein the weight measurement data comprises the object weight of the at least one object. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the plurality of levers is configured such that each of the plurality of levers extends along a respective horizontal plane and through a vertical lever alignment axis such that the plurality of levers is arranged in a vertical stack configuration. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein generating weight measurement data based at least in part on the force sensor data comprises applying one or more compensation factors to the generated weight measurement data to account for one or more of ambient conditions associated with the ambient environment and a multiplication factor realized by the force sensor data based at least in part on the configuration of the lever assembly. 23. The method of claim 20, further comprising generating inventory measurement data based at least in part on the weight measurement data, wherein the inventory measurement data comprises an object count. 24. The method of claim 23, further comprising receiving user input comprising a user selection of a designated object type corresponding to a known object type of the one or more objects associated with the object weight. | 2,600 |
346,978 | 16,805,428 | 2,654 | A method of determining whether a sound has been generated by a loudspeaker comprises receiving an audio signal representing at least a part of the sound. The audio signal is separated into different frequency bands. The signal content of different frequency bands are compared. Based on said comparison, frequency-based variations in signal content indicative of use of a loudspeaker are identified. | 1.-20. (canceled) 21. A method of determining whether a sound has been generated by a loudspeaker, the method comprising:
(a) receiving an audio signal representing at least a part of the sound; and (b) attempting to detect in the received audio signal features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies by: (i) separating the received audio signal into a first audio frequency component and a second audio frequency component; (ii) obtaining a measure of skew of sample values of the first audio frequency component; (iii) obtaining a measure of skew of sample values of the second audio frequency component; and (iv) determining whether the received audio signal has features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies, based on a comparison of the measure of skew of sample values of the first audio frequency component and the measure of skew of sample values of the second audio frequency component, and further comprising: (c) determining that the sound has been generated by a loudspeaker if it is determined that the received audio signal has features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies. 22. A method according to claim 21, comprising:
determining that the received audio signal has features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies, if a ratio of the measure of skew of sample values of the first audio frequency component to the measure of skew of sample values of the second audio frequency component exceeds a threshold value. 23. A method according to claim 22, further comprising setting the threshold value. 24. A method according to claim 23, wherein the received audio signal represents speech, the method comprising setting the threshold value based on an assumed identify of a speaker. 25. A method according to claim 23, comprising setting the threshold value based on a level of the received signal. 26. A method according to claim 21, comprising:
determining that the received audio signal has features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies, if a difference between the measure of skew of sample values of the first audio frequency component and the measure of skew of sample values of the second audio frequency component exceeds a threshold value. 27. A method according to claim 26, further comprising setting the threshold value. 28. A method according to claim 27, wherein the received audio signal represents speech, the method comprising setting the threshold value based on an assumed identify of a speaker. 29. A method according to claim 27, comprising setting the threshold value based on a level of the received signal. 30. A method according to claim 21, further comprising:
if it is determined that the sound has been generated by a loudspeaker, generating a loudspeaker indication output signal. 31. A method according to claim 21, comprising, before obtaining said measures of skew, removing samples having small sample values. 32. A method according to claim 31, comprising using a non-linear quantizer to remove the samples having small sample values. 33. A method according to claim 21, comprising, before obtaining said measures of skew, applying a non-linear gain to the sample values. 34. A method according to claim 33, wherein the non-linear gain is a compression. 35. A method according to claim 21, comprising:
receiving a first signal representing the sound; deriving from the first signal a second signal representing a part of the sound; and attempting to detect in the second signal the features resulting from the non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies. 36. A method according to claim 35, wherein the second signal represents speech. 37. A method according to claim 36, wherein the second signal represents voiced speech. 38. A system for determining whether a sound has been generated by a loudspeaker, the system comprising an input for receiving an audio signal representing at least a part of the sound; and a processor, and the system being configured for:
attempting to detect in the received audio signal features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies by:
separating the received audio signal into a first audio frequency component and a second audio frequency component;
obtaining a measure of skew of sample values of the first audio frequency component;
obtaining a measure of skew of sample values of the second audio frequency component; and determining whether the received audio signal has features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies, based on a comparison of the measure of skew of sample values of the first audio frequency component and the measure of skew of sample values of the second audio frequency component, and further comprising: determining that the sound has been generated by a loudspeaker if it is determined that the received audio signal has features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies. 39. A device comprising a system as claimed in claim 38. 40. A device as claimed in claim 39, wherein the device comprises a mobile telephone, an audio player, a video player, a mobile computing platform, a games device, a remote controller device, a toy, a machine, or a home automation controller or a domestic appliance. 41. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having computer-executable instructions stored thereon that, when executed by processor circuitry, cause the processor circuitry to perform a method comprising:
(a) receiving an audio signal representing at least a part of the sound; and (b) attempting to detect in the received audio signal features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies by: (i) separating the received audio signal into a first audio frequency component and a second audio frequency component; (ii) obtaining a measure of skew of sample values of the first audio frequency component; (iii) obtaining a measure of skew of sample values of the second audio frequency component; and (iv) determining whether the received audio signal has features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies, based on a comparison of the measure of skew of sample values of the first audio frequency component and the measure of skew of sample values of the second audio frequency component, and further comprising: (c) determining that the sound has been generated by a loudspeaker if it is determined that the received audio signal has features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies. | A method of determining whether a sound has been generated by a loudspeaker comprises receiving an audio signal representing at least a part of the sound. The audio signal is separated into different frequency bands. The signal content of different frequency bands are compared. Based on said comparison, frequency-based variations in signal content indicative of use of a loudspeaker are identified.1.-20. (canceled) 21. A method of determining whether a sound has been generated by a loudspeaker, the method comprising:
(a) receiving an audio signal representing at least a part of the sound; and (b) attempting to detect in the received audio signal features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies by: (i) separating the received audio signal into a first audio frequency component and a second audio frequency component; (ii) obtaining a measure of skew of sample values of the first audio frequency component; (iii) obtaining a measure of skew of sample values of the second audio frequency component; and (iv) determining whether the received audio signal has features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies, based on a comparison of the measure of skew of sample values of the first audio frequency component and the measure of skew of sample values of the second audio frequency component, and further comprising: (c) determining that the sound has been generated by a loudspeaker if it is determined that the received audio signal has features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies. 22. A method according to claim 21, comprising:
determining that the received audio signal has features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies, if a ratio of the measure of skew of sample values of the first audio frequency component to the measure of skew of sample values of the second audio frequency component exceeds a threshold value. 23. A method according to claim 22, further comprising setting the threshold value. 24. A method according to claim 23, wherein the received audio signal represents speech, the method comprising setting the threshold value based on an assumed identify of a speaker. 25. A method according to claim 23, comprising setting the threshold value based on a level of the received signal. 26. A method according to claim 21, comprising:
determining that the received audio signal has features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies, if a difference between the measure of skew of sample values of the first audio frequency component and the measure of skew of sample values of the second audio frequency component exceeds a threshold value. 27. A method according to claim 26, further comprising setting the threshold value. 28. A method according to claim 27, wherein the received audio signal represents speech, the method comprising setting the threshold value based on an assumed identify of a speaker. 29. A method according to claim 27, comprising setting the threshold value based on a level of the received signal. 30. A method according to claim 21, further comprising:
if it is determined that the sound has been generated by a loudspeaker, generating a loudspeaker indication output signal. 31. A method according to claim 21, comprising, before obtaining said measures of skew, removing samples having small sample values. 32. A method according to claim 31, comprising using a non-linear quantizer to remove the samples having small sample values. 33. A method according to claim 21, comprising, before obtaining said measures of skew, applying a non-linear gain to the sample values. 34. A method according to claim 33, wherein the non-linear gain is a compression. 35. A method according to claim 21, comprising:
receiving a first signal representing the sound; deriving from the first signal a second signal representing a part of the sound; and attempting to detect in the second signal the features resulting from the non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies. 36. A method according to claim 35, wherein the second signal represents speech. 37. A method according to claim 36, wherein the second signal represents voiced speech. 38. A system for determining whether a sound has been generated by a loudspeaker, the system comprising an input for receiving an audio signal representing at least a part of the sound; and a processor, and the system being configured for:
attempting to detect in the received audio signal features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies by:
separating the received audio signal into a first audio frequency component and a second audio frequency component;
obtaining a measure of skew of sample values of the first audio frequency component;
obtaining a measure of skew of sample values of the second audio frequency component; and determining whether the received audio signal has features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies, based on a comparison of the measure of skew of sample values of the first audio frequency component and the measure of skew of sample values of the second audio frequency component, and further comprising: determining that the sound has been generated by a loudspeaker if it is determined that the received audio signal has features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies. 39. A device comprising a system as claimed in claim 38. 40. A device as claimed in claim 39, wherein the device comprises a mobile telephone, an audio player, a video player, a mobile computing platform, a games device, a remote controller device, a toy, a machine, or a home automation controller or a domestic appliance. 41. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having computer-executable instructions stored thereon that, when executed by processor circuitry, cause the processor circuitry to perform a method comprising:
(a) receiving an audio signal representing at least a part of the sound; and (b) attempting to detect in the received audio signal features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies by: (i) separating the received audio signal into a first audio frequency component and a second audio frequency component; (ii) obtaining a measure of skew of sample values of the first audio frequency component; (iii) obtaining a measure of skew of sample values of the second audio frequency component; and (iv) determining whether the received audio signal has features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies, based on a comparison of the measure of skew of sample values of the first audio frequency component and the measure of skew of sample values of the second audio frequency component, and further comprising: (c) determining that the sound has been generated by a loudspeaker if it is determined that the received audio signal has features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies. | 2,600 |
346,979 | 16,805,448 | 2,654 | A method for selecting storage locations for storage of data. According to a placement policy, a file is stored in a database comprising a plurality of storage locations. The method includes determining a query for a copy comprising policy constraints in the placement policy and storage location constraints. The method includes extracting one or more data attributes of the file. The method includes determining an attribute set for each storage location including the data attributes and the storage location attributes for each storage location. The method includes identifying a set of one or more candidate storage locations for storage of the copy of the file by evaluating the attribute set for each storage location against the query. The method includes selecting a candidate storage location from the set and providing the copy of the file to the selected candidate storage location for storage. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving, from a client device, a file to be stored in a database according to a placement policy comprising a plurality of policy constraints, wherein the database is configured to select from a plurality of storage locations for storing files; retrieving one or more policy constraints for a first copy of the file described in the placement policy; retrieving one or more storage location constraints and one or more storage location attributes of each storage location of the plurality of storage locations; determining a first query for the first copy comprising the policy constraints for the first copy and the storage location constraints; extracting one or more file attributes from the file; determining an attribute set for each storage location including the file attributes and the storage location attributes for each storage location; identifying a first set of one or more candidate storage locations for storage of the first copy by evaluating the attribute set for each storage location against the first query; selecting a first candidate storage location from the first set; and providing the first copy of the file to the first candidate storage location for storage. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first query is a Boolean query. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the policy constraints and the storage location constraints are combined in the first query with the “AND” operator. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the first set of one or more candidate storage locations for storage of the first copy by evaluating the attribute set for each storage location against the first query comprises:
for each attribute set, determining whether the attribute set evaluates true for the first query, wherein the attribute sets of the candidate storage locations are evaluated as true for the first query. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein a remuneration is associated with each storage location, wherein selecting the first candidate storage location from the first set is based at least in part on the cost of each candidate storage location of the first set. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the first candidate storage location from the first set comprises:
ranking the candidate storage locations according to a ranking metric, wherein the first candidate storage location is selected according to the ranking. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
obtaining a first health metric for each storage location, wherein the first health metric of each storage location is above a threshold. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an input to adjust the placement policy; and responsive to the input, adjusting one or more policy constraints described in the placement policy. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
retrieving one or more policy constraints for a second copy of the file described in the placement policy; determining a second query for the second copy comprising the policy constraints for the second copy and the storage location constraints; identifying a second set of one or more candidate storage locations for storage of the second copy by evaluating the attribute set for each storage location against the second query; and selecting a second candidate storage location from the second set; and providing the second copy of the file to the second candidate storage location for storage. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the second candidate storage location is different that the first candidate storage location. 11. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving, from a client device, a file to be stored in a database according to a placement policy comprising a plurality of policy constraints, wherein the database is configured to select from a plurality of storage locations for storing files; retrieving one or more policy constraints for a first copy of the file described in the placement policy; retrieving one or more storage location constraints and one or more storage location attributes of each storage location of the plurality of storage locations; determining a first query for the first copy comprising the policy constraints for the first copy and the storage location constraints; extracting one or more file attributes from the file; determining an attribute set for each storage location including the file attributes and the storage location attributes for each storage location; identifying a first set of one or more candidate storage locations for storage of the first copy by evaluating the attribute set for each storage location against the first query; selecting a first candidate storage location from the first set; and providing the first copy of the file to the first candidate storage location for storage. 12. The storage medium of claim 11, wherein the first query is a Boolean query. 13. The storage medium of claim 12, wherein the policy constraints and the storage location constraints are combined in the first query with the “AND” operator. 14. The storage medium of claim 11, wherein identifying the first set of one or more candidate storage locations for storage of the first copy by evaluating the attribute set for each storage location against the first query comprises:
for each attribute set, determining whether the attribute set evaluates true for the first query, wherein the attribute sets of the candidate storage locations are evaluated as true for the first query. 15. The storage medium of claim 11, wherein a remuneration is associated with each storage location, wherein selecting the first candidate storage location from the first set is based at least in part on the cost of each candidate storage location of the first set. 16. The storage medium of claim 11, wherein selecting the first candidate storage location from the first set comprises:
ranking the candidate storage locations according to a ranking metric, wherein the first candidate storage location is selected according to the ranking. 17. The storage medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising:
obtaining a first health metric for each storage location, wherein the first health metric of each storage location is above a threshold. 18. The storage medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising:
receiving an input to adjust the placement policy; and responsive to the input, adjusting one or more policy constraints described in the placement policy. 19. The method of claim 11, the operations further comprising:
retrieving one or more policy constraints for a second copy of the file described in the placement policy; determining a second query for the second copy comprising the policy constraints for the second copy and the storage location constraints; identifying a second set of one or more candidate storage locations for storage of the second copy by evaluating the attribute set for each storage location against the second query; and selecting a second candidate storage location from the second set; and providing the second copy of the file to the second candidate storage location for storage. 20. The storage medium of claim 19, wherein the second candidate storage location is different that the first candidate storage location. | A method for selecting storage locations for storage of data. According to a placement policy, a file is stored in a database comprising a plurality of storage locations. The method includes determining a query for a copy comprising policy constraints in the placement policy and storage location constraints. The method includes extracting one or more data attributes of the file. The method includes determining an attribute set for each storage location including the data attributes and the storage location attributes for each storage location. The method includes identifying a set of one or more candidate storage locations for storage of the copy of the file by evaluating the attribute set for each storage location against the query. The method includes selecting a candidate storage location from the set and providing the copy of the file to the selected candidate storage location for storage.1. A method comprising:
receiving, from a client device, a file to be stored in a database according to a placement policy comprising a plurality of policy constraints, wherein the database is configured to select from a plurality of storage locations for storing files; retrieving one or more policy constraints for a first copy of the file described in the placement policy; retrieving one or more storage location constraints and one or more storage location attributes of each storage location of the plurality of storage locations; determining a first query for the first copy comprising the policy constraints for the first copy and the storage location constraints; extracting one or more file attributes from the file; determining an attribute set for each storage location including the file attributes and the storage location attributes for each storage location; identifying a first set of one or more candidate storage locations for storage of the first copy by evaluating the attribute set for each storage location against the first query; selecting a first candidate storage location from the first set; and providing the first copy of the file to the first candidate storage location for storage. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first query is a Boolean query. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the policy constraints and the storage location constraints are combined in the first query with the “AND” operator. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the first set of one or more candidate storage locations for storage of the first copy by evaluating the attribute set for each storage location against the first query comprises:
for each attribute set, determining whether the attribute set evaluates true for the first query, wherein the attribute sets of the candidate storage locations are evaluated as true for the first query. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein a remuneration is associated with each storage location, wherein selecting the first candidate storage location from the first set is based at least in part on the cost of each candidate storage location of the first set. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the first candidate storage location from the first set comprises:
ranking the candidate storage locations according to a ranking metric, wherein the first candidate storage location is selected according to the ranking. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
obtaining a first health metric for each storage location, wherein the first health metric of each storage location is above a threshold. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an input to adjust the placement policy; and responsive to the input, adjusting one or more policy constraints described in the placement policy. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
retrieving one or more policy constraints for a second copy of the file described in the placement policy; determining a second query for the second copy comprising the policy constraints for the second copy and the storage location constraints; identifying a second set of one or more candidate storage locations for storage of the second copy by evaluating the attribute set for each storage location against the second query; and selecting a second candidate storage location from the second set; and providing the second copy of the file to the second candidate storage location for storage. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the second candidate storage location is different that the first candidate storage location. 11. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving, from a client device, a file to be stored in a database according to a placement policy comprising a plurality of policy constraints, wherein the database is configured to select from a plurality of storage locations for storing files; retrieving one or more policy constraints for a first copy of the file described in the placement policy; retrieving one or more storage location constraints and one or more storage location attributes of each storage location of the plurality of storage locations; determining a first query for the first copy comprising the policy constraints for the first copy and the storage location constraints; extracting one or more file attributes from the file; determining an attribute set for each storage location including the file attributes and the storage location attributes for each storage location; identifying a first set of one or more candidate storage locations for storage of the first copy by evaluating the attribute set for each storage location against the first query; selecting a first candidate storage location from the first set; and providing the first copy of the file to the first candidate storage location for storage. 12. The storage medium of claim 11, wherein the first query is a Boolean query. 13. The storage medium of claim 12, wherein the policy constraints and the storage location constraints are combined in the first query with the “AND” operator. 14. The storage medium of claim 11, wherein identifying the first set of one or more candidate storage locations for storage of the first copy by evaluating the attribute set for each storage location against the first query comprises:
for each attribute set, determining whether the attribute set evaluates true for the first query, wherein the attribute sets of the candidate storage locations are evaluated as true for the first query. 15. The storage medium of claim 11, wherein a remuneration is associated with each storage location, wherein selecting the first candidate storage location from the first set is based at least in part on the cost of each candidate storage location of the first set. 16. The storage medium of claim 11, wherein selecting the first candidate storage location from the first set comprises:
ranking the candidate storage locations according to a ranking metric, wherein the first candidate storage location is selected according to the ranking. 17. The storage medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising:
obtaining a first health metric for each storage location, wherein the first health metric of each storage location is above a threshold. 18. The storage medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising:
receiving an input to adjust the placement policy; and responsive to the input, adjusting one or more policy constraints described in the placement policy. 19. The method of claim 11, the operations further comprising:
retrieving one or more policy constraints for a second copy of the file described in the placement policy; determining a second query for the second copy comprising the policy constraints for the second copy and the storage location constraints; identifying a second set of one or more candidate storage locations for storage of the second copy by evaluating the attribute set for each storage location against the second query; and selecting a second candidate storage location from the second set; and providing the second copy of the file to the second candidate storage location for storage. 20. The storage medium of claim 19, wherein the second candidate storage location is different that the first candidate storage location. | 2,600 |
346,980 | 16,805,463 | 3,753 | An electric linear drive for a gear rack including a stepping motor, a holding plate, a motor output gear, and a gearing. The holding plate, the stepping motor, the motor output gear, and the gearing form a drive unit that, together with a basic housing, form an overall housing. The overall housing has an opening for the insertion of the gear rack. Drive electronics are fixed to the holding plate such that electrical connections are present on the outside of the overall housing. The stepping motor has a rotor axis arranged parallel to the holding plate. During assembly, a rack belonging to a device to be driven can be pushed into a lateral opening of the overall housing, and the device to be driven can be connected to the overall housing. The electric linear drive is compact, allowing devices to be driven to be located close to one another. | 1. A method of assembling an electric linear drive unit for a gear rack of a device to be driven, comprising:
fastening a stepping motor to a flat holding plate, wherein the stepping motor has a rotor axle disposed parallel to the flat holding plate and perpendicular to the gear rack; attaching a gearing to the flat holding plate, wherein the gearing is engaged with a motor output gear wheel fastened to the rotor axle, and wherein the stepping motor, the gearing, and the flat holding plate form a drive unit; and assembling the flat holding plate with a basic housing to form an overall housing for the drive unit, wherein the stepping motor and the gearing are disposed within a volume defined by the basic housing, and wherein the overall housing has an opening to receive the gear rack for engagement with the gearing. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the drive unit includes a counter-bearing plate, wherein the gearing includes a gear shaft, and wherein the attaching of the gearing to the flat holding plate includes mounting the gear shaft parallel to the rotor axle between the stepping motor and the counter-bearing plate. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the gear shaft includes a first gear wheel and a second gear wheel, and wherein the method further comprises:
meshing the first gear wheel with the motor output gear wheel. 4. The method of claim 3 further comprising:
engaging the second gear wheel with the gear rack. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the drive unit includes drive electronics and electrical connections for the drive electronics, and wherein the method further comprises:
attaching the drive electronics to the flat holding plate, wherein the drive electronics are attached to the flat holding plate such that the electrical connections are arranged on an outside region of the overall housing. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the assembling of the flat holding plate with the basic housing includes inserting the drive unit into the basic housing. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein, upon the assembling of the flat holding plate with the basic housing to form the overall housing, a level joint is formed between the flat holding plate and the basic housing, and wherein the method further comprises:
introducing a joint sealing into the level joint to seal the overall housing. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the drive unit includes a counter-bearing plate and a centering device, and wherein the assembling of the flat holding plate with the basic housing to form the overall housing includes assembling the flat holding plate with the basic housing so that the gear rack is positioned within the drive unit by the centering device and the counter-bearing plate. 9. An electric linear drive unit for a gear rack of a device to be driven, comprising:
a flat holding plate; a stepping motor fastened to the flat holding plate, wherein the stepping motor includes a rotor axle and a motor output gear wheel fastened to the rotor axle, and wherein the rotor axle is positioned parallel to the flat holding plate and perpendicular to the gear rack; a gearing attached to the flat holding plate, wherein the gearing is engaged with the motor output gear wheel, and wherein the stepping motor, the gearing, and the flat holding plate form a drive unit; and a basic housing, wherein the stepping motor and the gearing are disposed within a volume defined by the basic housing; wherein the flat holding plate is assembled with the basic housing to form an overall housing, and wherein the overall housing has an opening to receive the gear rack for engagement with the gearing. 10. The electric linear drive unit of claim 9 further comprising:
a counter-bearing plate,
wherein the gearing includes a gear shaft, and wherein the gear shaft is mounted parallel to the rotor axle between the stepping motor and the counter-bearing plate. 11. The electric linear drive unit of claim 10 further comprising:
a centering device,
wherein the gear rack is positioned within the drive unit by the counter-bearing plate and the centering device. 12. The electric linear drive unit of claim 10 wherein the gear shaft includes a first gear wheel and a second gear wheel, wherein the first gear wheel is meshed with the motor output gear wheel, and wherein the second gear wheel is engaged with the gear rack. 13. The electric linear drive unit of claim 9 further comprising:
drive electronics; and
electrical connections for the drive electronics,
wherein the drive electronics are attached to the flat holding plate, and
wherein the electrical connections are arranged on an outside region of the overall housing. 14. The electric linear drive unit of claim 13 wherein the stepping motor includes a stator having a greatest diameter or cross-sectional width of less than 45 millimeters. 15. The electric linear drive unit of claim 14 wherein the stepping motor is arranged in a decentralized manner on the flat holding plate. 16. The electric linear drive unit of claim 15 wherein the drive electronics are arranged next to the stepping motor on the flat holding plate. 17. A method of operating an electric linear drive unit for a gear rack of a device to be driven, comprising:
providing the electric linear drive unit including a flat holding plate, a stepping motor fastened to the flat holding plate, a gearing attached to the flat holding plate, and a basic housing, wherein the stepping motor includes a rotor axle positioned parallel to the flat holding plate and perpendicular to the gear rack, wherein the stepping motor, the gearing, and the flat holding plate form a drive unit, and wherein the flat holding plate is assembled with the basic housing to form an overall housing; inserting the gear rack through an opening of the overall housing for engagement with the gearing; and connecting the device to be driven to the overall housing. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the device to be driven is a hydraulic valve device, and wherein the method further comprises:
following the engagement of the gear rack with the gearing, driving the hydraulic valve device with the drive unit. 19. The method of claim 17 wherein the basic housing includes a flange seal, and wherein the connecting of the device to be driven to the overall housing includes connecting the device to be driven to the overall housing by the flange seal. 20. The method of claim 17 wherein the electric linear drive unit is one of a plurality of similar electric linear drive units, wherein each of the plurality of similar electric linear drive units includes a flat holding plate, wherein each of the plurality of similar electric linear drive units have a rectangular shape in a plane of the flat holding plate and a reduced height in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the flat holding plate, and wherein the method further comprises:
positioning the plurality of similar electric linear drive units adjacent to one another in a slice-type manner. | An electric linear drive for a gear rack including a stepping motor, a holding plate, a motor output gear, and a gearing. The holding plate, the stepping motor, the motor output gear, and the gearing form a drive unit that, together with a basic housing, form an overall housing. The overall housing has an opening for the insertion of the gear rack. Drive electronics are fixed to the holding plate such that electrical connections are present on the outside of the overall housing. The stepping motor has a rotor axis arranged parallel to the holding plate. During assembly, a rack belonging to a device to be driven can be pushed into a lateral opening of the overall housing, and the device to be driven can be connected to the overall housing. The electric linear drive is compact, allowing devices to be driven to be located close to one another.1. A method of assembling an electric linear drive unit for a gear rack of a device to be driven, comprising:
fastening a stepping motor to a flat holding plate, wherein the stepping motor has a rotor axle disposed parallel to the flat holding plate and perpendicular to the gear rack; attaching a gearing to the flat holding plate, wherein the gearing is engaged with a motor output gear wheel fastened to the rotor axle, and wherein the stepping motor, the gearing, and the flat holding plate form a drive unit; and assembling the flat holding plate with a basic housing to form an overall housing for the drive unit, wherein the stepping motor and the gearing are disposed within a volume defined by the basic housing, and wherein the overall housing has an opening to receive the gear rack for engagement with the gearing. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the drive unit includes a counter-bearing plate, wherein the gearing includes a gear shaft, and wherein the attaching of the gearing to the flat holding plate includes mounting the gear shaft parallel to the rotor axle between the stepping motor and the counter-bearing plate. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the gear shaft includes a first gear wheel and a second gear wheel, and wherein the method further comprises:
meshing the first gear wheel with the motor output gear wheel. 4. The method of claim 3 further comprising:
engaging the second gear wheel with the gear rack. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the drive unit includes drive electronics and electrical connections for the drive electronics, and wherein the method further comprises:
attaching the drive electronics to the flat holding plate, wherein the drive electronics are attached to the flat holding plate such that the electrical connections are arranged on an outside region of the overall housing. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the assembling of the flat holding plate with the basic housing includes inserting the drive unit into the basic housing. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein, upon the assembling of the flat holding plate with the basic housing to form the overall housing, a level joint is formed between the flat holding plate and the basic housing, and wherein the method further comprises:
introducing a joint sealing into the level joint to seal the overall housing. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the drive unit includes a counter-bearing plate and a centering device, and wherein the assembling of the flat holding plate with the basic housing to form the overall housing includes assembling the flat holding plate with the basic housing so that the gear rack is positioned within the drive unit by the centering device and the counter-bearing plate. 9. An electric linear drive unit for a gear rack of a device to be driven, comprising:
a flat holding plate; a stepping motor fastened to the flat holding plate, wherein the stepping motor includes a rotor axle and a motor output gear wheel fastened to the rotor axle, and wherein the rotor axle is positioned parallel to the flat holding plate and perpendicular to the gear rack; a gearing attached to the flat holding plate, wherein the gearing is engaged with the motor output gear wheel, and wherein the stepping motor, the gearing, and the flat holding plate form a drive unit; and a basic housing, wherein the stepping motor and the gearing are disposed within a volume defined by the basic housing; wherein the flat holding plate is assembled with the basic housing to form an overall housing, and wherein the overall housing has an opening to receive the gear rack for engagement with the gearing. 10. The electric linear drive unit of claim 9 further comprising:
a counter-bearing plate,
wherein the gearing includes a gear shaft, and wherein the gear shaft is mounted parallel to the rotor axle between the stepping motor and the counter-bearing plate. 11. The electric linear drive unit of claim 10 further comprising:
a centering device,
wherein the gear rack is positioned within the drive unit by the counter-bearing plate and the centering device. 12. The electric linear drive unit of claim 10 wherein the gear shaft includes a first gear wheel and a second gear wheel, wherein the first gear wheel is meshed with the motor output gear wheel, and wherein the second gear wheel is engaged with the gear rack. 13. The electric linear drive unit of claim 9 further comprising:
drive electronics; and
electrical connections for the drive electronics,
wherein the drive electronics are attached to the flat holding plate, and
wherein the electrical connections are arranged on an outside region of the overall housing. 14. The electric linear drive unit of claim 13 wherein the stepping motor includes a stator having a greatest diameter or cross-sectional width of less than 45 millimeters. 15. The electric linear drive unit of claim 14 wherein the stepping motor is arranged in a decentralized manner on the flat holding plate. 16. The electric linear drive unit of claim 15 wherein the drive electronics are arranged next to the stepping motor on the flat holding plate. 17. A method of operating an electric linear drive unit for a gear rack of a device to be driven, comprising:
providing the electric linear drive unit including a flat holding plate, a stepping motor fastened to the flat holding plate, a gearing attached to the flat holding plate, and a basic housing, wherein the stepping motor includes a rotor axle positioned parallel to the flat holding plate and perpendicular to the gear rack, wherein the stepping motor, the gearing, and the flat holding plate form a drive unit, and wherein the flat holding plate is assembled with the basic housing to form an overall housing; inserting the gear rack through an opening of the overall housing for engagement with the gearing; and connecting the device to be driven to the overall housing. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the device to be driven is a hydraulic valve device, and wherein the method further comprises:
following the engagement of the gear rack with the gearing, driving the hydraulic valve device with the drive unit. 19. The method of claim 17 wherein the basic housing includes a flange seal, and wherein the connecting of the device to be driven to the overall housing includes connecting the device to be driven to the overall housing by the flange seal. 20. The method of claim 17 wherein the electric linear drive unit is one of a plurality of similar electric linear drive units, wherein each of the plurality of similar electric linear drive units includes a flat holding plate, wherein each of the plurality of similar electric linear drive units have a rectangular shape in a plane of the flat holding plate and a reduced height in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the flat holding plate, and wherein the method further comprises:
positioning the plurality of similar electric linear drive units adjacent to one another in a slice-type manner. | 3,700 |
346,981 | 16,805,444 | 3,753 | A method for calibrating a nuclear medicine tomography detector module using principal component analysis is based on the idea that calibration beam data lies on a one-dimensional path within the higher dimensional dataspace of output data. The module includes a weighted multiplexing circuit that generates a small number of multiplexed signals for each photon event. Calibration data for the module is generated and analyzed using several iterations of principal component analyses, to filter scattering events, noise, and other spurious signals. The direction of depth-of-interaction information has been found in the high-dimensional dataspace to be indicated by the primary principal component of the calibration data. The primary principal components, principal components from filtered datasets, intermediate thresholds, and DOI or inner product values are recorded for calibrating the module. | 1. A method for calibrating a nuclear medicine tomography detector module, the detector module comprising (i) a monolithic crystal having an entrance face and a second face opposite the entrance face and (ii) an array of photosensors comprising a plurality of photosensors disposed on the second face, the method comprising:
in a simulation, calculating output signals for each sensor in the array of photosensors in response to a simulated photon point source at each point in a three-dimensional grid of points within the monolithic crystal, wherein the simulated signals from each sensor comprises a simulation dataset; computing a set of principal components of the simulation dataset, each principal component defining weights for each sensor in the array of photosensors; selecting a subset of the set of principal components; connecting a multiplexing circuit to the array of photosensors, wherein the multiplexing circuit is configured to receive output signals from each sensor in the array of photosensors and to output one weighted sum of the received output signals for each selected principal component, wherein weightings for the weighted sum are calculated from the principal component weights; for each location on a two-dimensional grid of points on the entrance face of the monolithic crystal:
directing a beam of photons into the monolithic crystal and recording weighted sums from the multiplexing circuit to generate a first dataset;
computing principal components of the first dataset and filtering the first dataset based on the computed principal components to generate a calibration dataset;
computing a primary principal component of the calibration dataset;
for each datapoint in the calibration dataset, computing an inner product of the datapoint with the primary principal component of the calibration dataset and filtering datapoints based on the inner products, to generate a reduced dataset;
for datapoints in the reduced dataset, using the corresponding inner product to assign a depth-of-interaction for the datapoint;
computing principal components of the reduced dataset that are orthogonal to the primary principal component of the calibration dataset;
transforming data in the reduced dataset into a coordinate system defined by the primary principal component and the principal components of the reduced dataset;
using the transformed data to define threshold boundaries; and
generating a calibration of the detector module by recording the primary principal component, the principal components of the reduced dataset, the threshold boundaries, and at least one of the depth-of-interaction and the inner product. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the array of photosensors comprises at least 64 photosensors. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the weights for each sensor are scaled. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the weights for each sensor are rounded. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the subset of principal components comprises not more than seven principal components. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the subset of principal components are selected by testing different combinations of a number of the principal components having the highest magnitude, and selecting the subset from the number of principal components. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of directing a beam of photons into the monolithic crystal comprises directing a collimated beam created using a 22Na gamma emitter. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the simulation calculates output signals for each sensor in the array for the simulated photon for a solid angle from the simulated photon to the detectors plus a specular reflection from an entrance face of the scintillation crystal. 9. A method for calibrating a nuclear medicine tomography detector module, the detector module comprising (i) a monolithic crystal having an entrance face and a second face opposite the entrance face and (ii) an array of photosensors comprising a plurality of photosensors disposed on the second face, the method comprising:
obtaining a set of principal components for the detector module; connecting a multiplexing circuit to the array of photosensors, wherein the multiplexing circuit is configured to receive output signals from each sensor in the array of photosensors and to output one weighted sum of the received output signals for each selected principal component, wherein weightings for the weighted sum are calculated from the principal component weights; for each location on a two-dimensional grid of points on the entrance face of the monolithic crystal:
directing a beam of photons into the monolithic crystal and recording weighted sums from the multiplexing circuit to generate a first dataset;
computing principal components of the first dataset and filtering the first dataset based on the computed principal components to generate a calibration dataset;
computing a primary principal component of the calibration dataset;
for each datapoint in the calibration dataset, computing an inner product of the datapoint with the primary principal component of the calibration dataset and filtering datapoints based on the inner products, to generate a reduced dataset;
for datapoints in the reduced dataset, using the corresponding inner product to assign a depth-of-interaction for the datapoint;
computing principal components of the reduced dataset that are orthogonal to the primary principal component of the calibration dataset;
transforming data in the reduced dataset into a coordinate system defined by the primary principal component and the principal components of the reduced dataset;
using the transformed data to define threshold boundaries; and
generating a calibration of the detector module by recording the primary principal component, the principal components of the reduced dataset, the threshold boundaries, and at least one of the depth-of-interaction and the inner product. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the array of photosensors comprises at least 64 photosensors. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the weights for each sensor are scaled. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the weights for each sensor are rounded. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the subset of principal components comprises not more than seven principal components. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the subset of principal components are selected by testing different combinations of a number of the principal components having the highest magnitude, and selecting the subset from the number of principal components. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of directing a beam of photons into the monolithic crystal comprises directing a collimated beam created using a 22Na gamma emitter. | A method for calibrating a nuclear medicine tomography detector module using principal component analysis is based on the idea that calibration beam data lies on a one-dimensional path within the higher dimensional dataspace of output data. The module includes a weighted multiplexing circuit that generates a small number of multiplexed signals for each photon event. Calibration data for the module is generated and analyzed using several iterations of principal component analyses, to filter scattering events, noise, and other spurious signals. The direction of depth-of-interaction information has been found in the high-dimensional dataspace to be indicated by the primary principal component of the calibration data. The primary principal components, principal components from filtered datasets, intermediate thresholds, and DOI or inner product values are recorded for calibrating the module.1. A method for calibrating a nuclear medicine tomography detector module, the detector module comprising (i) a monolithic crystal having an entrance face and a second face opposite the entrance face and (ii) an array of photosensors comprising a plurality of photosensors disposed on the second face, the method comprising:
in a simulation, calculating output signals for each sensor in the array of photosensors in response to a simulated photon point source at each point in a three-dimensional grid of points within the monolithic crystal, wherein the simulated signals from each sensor comprises a simulation dataset; computing a set of principal components of the simulation dataset, each principal component defining weights for each sensor in the array of photosensors; selecting a subset of the set of principal components; connecting a multiplexing circuit to the array of photosensors, wherein the multiplexing circuit is configured to receive output signals from each sensor in the array of photosensors and to output one weighted sum of the received output signals for each selected principal component, wherein weightings for the weighted sum are calculated from the principal component weights; for each location on a two-dimensional grid of points on the entrance face of the monolithic crystal:
directing a beam of photons into the monolithic crystal and recording weighted sums from the multiplexing circuit to generate a first dataset;
computing principal components of the first dataset and filtering the first dataset based on the computed principal components to generate a calibration dataset;
computing a primary principal component of the calibration dataset;
for each datapoint in the calibration dataset, computing an inner product of the datapoint with the primary principal component of the calibration dataset and filtering datapoints based on the inner products, to generate a reduced dataset;
for datapoints in the reduced dataset, using the corresponding inner product to assign a depth-of-interaction for the datapoint;
computing principal components of the reduced dataset that are orthogonal to the primary principal component of the calibration dataset;
transforming data in the reduced dataset into a coordinate system defined by the primary principal component and the principal components of the reduced dataset;
using the transformed data to define threshold boundaries; and
generating a calibration of the detector module by recording the primary principal component, the principal components of the reduced dataset, the threshold boundaries, and at least one of the depth-of-interaction and the inner product. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the array of photosensors comprises at least 64 photosensors. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the weights for each sensor are scaled. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the weights for each sensor are rounded. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the subset of principal components comprises not more than seven principal components. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the subset of principal components are selected by testing different combinations of a number of the principal components having the highest magnitude, and selecting the subset from the number of principal components. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of directing a beam of photons into the monolithic crystal comprises directing a collimated beam created using a 22Na gamma emitter. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the simulation calculates output signals for each sensor in the array for the simulated photon for a solid angle from the simulated photon to the detectors plus a specular reflection from an entrance face of the scintillation crystal. 9. A method for calibrating a nuclear medicine tomography detector module, the detector module comprising (i) a monolithic crystal having an entrance face and a second face opposite the entrance face and (ii) an array of photosensors comprising a plurality of photosensors disposed on the second face, the method comprising:
obtaining a set of principal components for the detector module; connecting a multiplexing circuit to the array of photosensors, wherein the multiplexing circuit is configured to receive output signals from each sensor in the array of photosensors and to output one weighted sum of the received output signals for each selected principal component, wherein weightings for the weighted sum are calculated from the principal component weights; for each location on a two-dimensional grid of points on the entrance face of the monolithic crystal:
directing a beam of photons into the monolithic crystal and recording weighted sums from the multiplexing circuit to generate a first dataset;
computing principal components of the first dataset and filtering the first dataset based on the computed principal components to generate a calibration dataset;
computing a primary principal component of the calibration dataset;
for each datapoint in the calibration dataset, computing an inner product of the datapoint with the primary principal component of the calibration dataset and filtering datapoints based on the inner products, to generate a reduced dataset;
for datapoints in the reduced dataset, using the corresponding inner product to assign a depth-of-interaction for the datapoint;
computing principal components of the reduced dataset that are orthogonal to the primary principal component of the calibration dataset;
transforming data in the reduced dataset into a coordinate system defined by the primary principal component and the principal components of the reduced dataset;
using the transformed data to define threshold boundaries; and
generating a calibration of the detector module by recording the primary principal component, the principal components of the reduced dataset, the threshold boundaries, and at least one of the depth-of-interaction and the inner product. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the array of photosensors comprises at least 64 photosensors. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the weights for each sensor are scaled. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the weights for each sensor are rounded. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the subset of principal components comprises not more than seven principal components. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the subset of principal components are selected by testing different combinations of a number of the principal components having the highest magnitude, and selecting the subset from the number of principal components. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of directing a beam of photons into the monolithic crystal comprises directing a collimated beam created using a 22Na gamma emitter. | 3,700 |
346,982 | 16,805,422 | 3,753 | Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may monitor a wakeup signal search space (WUS-SS) set for a physical downlink shared channel (PDCCH) wakeup signal (WUS). The UE may detect the PDCCH WUS in the WUS-SS set based at least in part on monitoring the WUS-SS set. Numerous other aspects are provided. | 1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
monitoring a wakeup signal search space (WUS-SS) set for a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) wakeup signal (WUS), wherein the WUS-SS is associated with an overbooking rule that indicates whether PDCCH overbooking is permitted for a slot associated with the WUS-SS set; and detecting the PDCCH WUS in the WUS-SS set based at least in part on monitoring the WUS-SS set. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a signaling communication that includes an indication of the WUS-SS set,
wherein monitoring the WUS-SS set for the PDCCH WUS comprises:
monitoring the WUS-SS set based at least in part on the indication of the WUS-SS set. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the indication of the WUS-SS set comprises:
a search space set identifier associated with the WUS-SS set. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the signaling communication comprises at least one of:
a radio resource control (RRC) communication, a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) communication, or a downlink control information (DCI) communication. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the WUS-SS set is associated with a search space type,
wherein the search space type comprises:
a common search space (CSS), or
a UE-specific search space (USS). 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the CSS is a default search space type for the WUS-SS set. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the search space type, associated with the WUS-SS set, is indicated in a signaling communication. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the WUS-SS set is associated with a WUS common search space (CSS) type;
wherein the WUS CSS type, associated with the WUS-SS set, is indicated by:
a cell-specific radio resource control (RRC) configuration included in a signaling communication, or
a UE-specific RRC configuration included in the signaling communication. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein a search space type, associated with the WUS-SS set, comprises:
a common search space (CSS); wherein a CSS type, associated with the WUS-SS set, is indicated by a UE-specific RRC configuration; and wherein the CSS type, associated with the WUS-SS set, is indicated as a Type3-PDCCH CSS set in the UE-specific RRC configuration. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the overbooking rule indicates that the PDCCH overbooking is not permitted for the slot associated with the WUS-SS set. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of:
a blind decode limit, for the slot associated with the WUS-SS set, is lower relative to a blind decode limit for another slot that is not associated with the WUS-SS set, or a control channel element (CCE) limit, for the slot associated with the WUS-SS set, is lower relative to a CCE limit for the other slot that is not associated with the WUS-SS set. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the PDCCH WUS is configured to be monitored in a search space set by the UE; and
wherein an aggregation level and a quantity of PDCCH candidates, for the PDCCH WUS in the search space set, are configured separately from an aggregation level and a quantity of PDCCH candidates for another search space set associated with the UE; and wherein the aggregation level and the quantity of PDCCH candidates, for the PDCCH WUS in the search space set, are configured separately from an aggregation level and a quantity of PDCCH candidates that are not for the PDCCH WUS in the search space set associated with the UE. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the PDCCH WUS is configured to be monitored in a search space set for the UE; and
at least one of:
aggregation levels, for the PDCCH WUS, include a subset of available aggregation levels that are not configured for the PDCCH WUS in the search space set, or
a quantity of PDCCH candidates per aggregation level, for the PDCCH WUS, includes a subset of a quantity of PDCCH candidates per aggregation level that are not configured for the PDCCH WUS in the search space set. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the WUS-SS set is located in one or more symbols at a beginning of the slot. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein respective occasions, of the WUS-SS set, are included in span of one or more symbols in a fixed location in a plurality of slots. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein respective occasions, of the WUS-SS set, are included in different locations in a plurality of slots. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the PDCCH WUS is monitored for in the slot
wherein the slot includes respective pluralities of occasions of one or more search space sets; and wherein monitoring the PDCCH WUS comprises:
monitoring a single occasion, of the pluralities of occasions of one or more search space sets, in the slot. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the PDCCH WUS is monitored for in the slot;
wherein the slot includes respective pluralities of occasions of more than one search space sets; wherein the more than one search space sets are included in one or more control resource sets (CORESETs); and wherein monitoring the PDCCH WUS comprises:
monitoring at most one respective search space set occasion for each CORESET of the one or more CORESETs. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the WUS-SS set is included in the slot and no other search space sets are included in the slot. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the WUS-SS set is included in the slot and no other PDCCHs are monitored in the slot. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring the WUS-SS set for the PDCCH WUS comprises:
transitioning out of a power-saving mode for a WUS occasion; and monitoring the WUS-SS set during the WUS occasion. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the WUS occasion corresponds to one or more slots that include WUS-SS occasions included in the WUS-SS set. 23. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring the WUS-SS set for the PDCCH WUS comprises:
monitoring the WUS-SS set in one or more slots that include the slot. 24. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
monitor a wakeup signal search space (WUS-SS) set for a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) wakeup signal (WUS), wherein the WUS-SS is associated with an overbooking rule that indicates whether PDCCH overbooking is permitted for a slot associated with the WUS-SS set; and
detect the PDCCH WUS in the WUS-SS set based at least in part on monitoring the WUS-SS set. 25. The UE of claim 24, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
receive a signaling communication that includes an indication of the WUS-SS set,
wherein one or more processors, when monitoring the WUS-SS set for the PDCCH WUS, are to:
monitor the WUS-SS set based at least in part on the indication of the WUS-SS set. 26. The UE of claim 24, wherein the WUS-SS set is associated with a search space type,
wherein the search space type comprises:
a common search space (CSS), or
a UE-specific search space (USS). 27. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions for wireless communication, the one or more instructions comprising:
one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE), cause the one or more processors to:
monitor a wakeup signal search space (WUS-SS) set for a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) wakeup signal (WUS), wherein the WUS-SS is associated with an overbooking rule that indicates whether PDCCH overbooking is permitted for a slot associated with the WUS-SS set; and
detect the PDCCH WUS in the WUS-SS set based at least in part on monitoring the WUS-SS set. 28. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 27, wherein the WUS-SS set is associated with a search space type,
wherein the search space type comprises:
a common search space (CSS), or
a UE-specific search space (USS). 29. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
means for monitoring a wakeup signal search space (WUS-SS) set for a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) wakeup signal (WUS), wherein the WUS-SS is associated with an overbooking rule that indicates whether PDCCH overbooking is permitted for a slot associated with the WUS-SS set; and means for detecting the PDCCH WUS in the WUS-SS set based at least in part on monitoring the WUS-SS set. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the WUS-SS set is associated with a search space type,
wherein the search space type comprises:
a common search space (CSS), or
a user equipment (UE)-specific search space (USS). | Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may monitor a wakeup signal search space (WUS-SS) set for a physical downlink shared channel (PDCCH) wakeup signal (WUS). The UE may detect the PDCCH WUS in the WUS-SS set based at least in part on monitoring the WUS-SS set. Numerous other aspects are provided.1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
monitoring a wakeup signal search space (WUS-SS) set for a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) wakeup signal (WUS), wherein the WUS-SS is associated with an overbooking rule that indicates whether PDCCH overbooking is permitted for a slot associated with the WUS-SS set; and detecting the PDCCH WUS in the WUS-SS set based at least in part on monitoring the WUS-SS set. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a signaling communication that includes an indication of the WUS-SS set,
wherein monitoring the WUS-SS set for the PDCCH WUS comprises:
monitoring the WUS-SS set based at least in part on the indication of the WUS-SS set. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the indication of the WUS-SS set comprises:
a search space set identifier associated with the WUS-SS set. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the signaling communication comprises at least one of:
a radio resource control (RRC) communication, a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) communication, or a downlink control information (DCI) communication. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the WUS-SS set is associated with a search space type,
wherein the search space type comprises:
a common search space (CSS), or
a UE-specific search space (USS). 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the CSS is a default search space type for the WUS-SS set. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the search space type, associated with the WUS-SS set, is indicated in a signaling communication. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the WUS-SS set is associated with a WUS common search space (CSS) type;
wherein the WUS CSS type, associated with the WUS-SS set, is indicated by:
a cell-specific radio resource control (RRC) configuration included in a signaling communication, or
a UE-specific RRC configuration included in the signaling communication. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein a search space type, associated with the WUS-SS set, comprises:
a common search space (CSS); wherein a CSS type, associated with the WUS-SS set, is indicated by a UE-specific RRC configuration; and wherein the CSS type, associated with the WUS-SS set, is indicated as a Type3-PDCCH CSS set in the UE-specific RRC configuration. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the overbooking rule indicates that the PDCCH overbooking is not permitted for the slot associated with the WUS-SS set. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of:
a blind decode limit, for the slot associated with the WUS-SS set, is lower relative to a blind decode limit for another slot that is not associated with the WUS-SS set, or a control channel element (CCE) limit, for the slot associated with the WUS-SS set, is lower relative to a CCE limit for the other slot that is not associated with the WUS-SS set. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the PDCCH WUS is configured to be monitored in a search space set by the UE; and
wherein an aggregation level and a quantity of PDCCH candidates, for the PDCCH WUS in the search space set, are configured separately from an aggregation level and a quantity of PDCCH candidates for another search space set associated with the UE; and wherein the aggregation level and the quantity of PDCCH candidates, for the PDCCH WUS in the search space set, are configured separately from an aggregation level and a quantity of PDCCH candidates that are not for the PDCCH WUS in the search space set associated with the UE. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the PDCCH WUS is configured to be monitored in a search space set for the UE; and
at least one of:
aggregation levels, for the PDCCH WUS, include a subset of available aggregation levels that are not configured for the PDCCH WUS in the search space set, or
a quantity of PDCCH candidates per aggregation level, for the PDCCH WUS, includes a subset of a quantity of PDCCH candidates per aggregation level that are not configured for the PDCCH WUS in the search space set. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the WUS-SS set is located in one or more symbols at a beginning of the slot. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein respective occasions, of the WUS-SS set, are included in span of one or more symbols in a fixed location in a plurality of slots. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein respective occasions, of the WUS-SS set, are included in different locations in a plurality of slots. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the PDCCH WUS is monitored for in the slot
wherein the slot includes respective pluralities of occasions of one or more search space sets; and wherein monitoring the PDCCH WUS comprises:
monitoring a single occasion, of the pluralities of occasions of one or more search space sets, in the slot. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the PDCCH WUS is monitored for in the slot;
wherein the slot includes respective pluralities of occasions of more than one search space sets; wherein the more than one search space sets are included in one or more control resource sets (CORESETs); and wherein monitoring the PDCCH WUS comprises:
monitoring at most one respective search space set occasion for each CORESET of the one or more CORESETs. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the WUS-SS set is included in the slot and no other search space sets are included in the slot. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the WUS-SS set is included in the slot and no other PDCCHs are monitored in the slot. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring the WUS-SS set for the PDCCH WUS comprises:
transitioning out of a power-saving mode for a WUS occasion; and monitoring the WUS-SS set during the WUS occasion. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the WUS occasion corresponds to one or more slots that include WUS-SS occasions included in the WUS-SS set. 23. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring the WUS-SS set for the PDCCH WUS comprises:
monitoring the WUS-SS set in one or more slots that include the slot. 24. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
monitor a wakeup signal search space (WUS-SS) set for a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) wakeup signal (WUS), wherein the WUS-SS is associated with an overbooking rule that indicates whether PDCCH overbooking is permitted for a slot associated with the WUS-SS set; and
detect the PDCCH WUS in the WUS-SS set based at least in part on monitoring the WUS-SS set. 25. The UE of claim 24, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
receive a signaling communication that includes an indication of the WUS-SS set,
wherein one or more processors, when monitoring the WUS-SS set for the PDCCH WUS, are to:
monitor the WUS-SS set based at least in part on the indication of the WUS-SS set. 26. The UE of claim 24, wherein the WUS-SS set is associated with a search space type,
wherein the search space type comprises:
a common search space (CSS), or
a UE-specific search space (USS). 27. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions for wireless communication, the one or more instructions comprising:
one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE), cause the one or more processors to:
monitor a wakeup signal search space (WUS-SS) set for a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) wakeup signal (WUS), wherein the WUS-SS is associated with an overbooking rule that indicates whether PDCCH overbooking is permitted for a slot associated with the WUS-SS set; and
detect the PDCCH WUS in the WUS-SS set based at least in part on monitoring the WUS-SS set. 28. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 27, wherein the WUS-SS set is associated with a search space type,
wherein the search space type comprises:
a common search space (CSS), or
a UE-specific search space (USS). 29. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
means for monitoring a wakeup signal search space (WUS-SS) set for a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) wakeup signal (WUS), wherein the WUS-SS is associated with an overbooking rule that indicates whether PDCCH overbooking is permitted for a slot associated with the WUS-SS set; and means for detecting the PDCCH WUS in the WUS-SS set based at least in part on monitoring the WUS-SS set. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the WUS-SS set is associated with a search space type,
wherein the search space type comprises:
a common search space (CSS), or
a user equipment (UE)-specific search space (USS). | 3,700 |
346,983 | 16,805,426 | 3,753 | In one embodiment, a system includes an interface and a communicatively coupled processor. The interface is configured to receive first future location information of a first user and receive second future location information of a second user. The processor is configured to determine that the first and second future location information each correspond to a future location and determine that a characteristic related to the first user corresponds to a preference related to the second user. In response to these determinations, the processor is configured to cause information to be presented to the second user, the information to be presented to the second user comprising the future location and that the first user and the second user have the future location in common. | 1. A system, comprising:
an interface configured to:
receive first future location information of a first user;
receive second future location information of a second user:
one or more processors communicatively coupled to the interface and configured to:
determine that the first future location information and the second future location information each correspond to a future location;
determine that a characteristic related to the first user corresponds to a preference related to the second user; and
in response to determining that a characteristic related to the first user corresponds to a preference related to the second user and in response to determining that the first future location information and the second future location information each correspond to a future location, cause information to be presented to the second user, the information to be presented to the second user comprising the future location and that the first user and the second user have the future location in common. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the first future location information comprises a first time; the second future location information comprises a second time; and determining that the first future location information and the second future location information each correspond to a future location comprises determining that a difference between the first time and the second time is less than a threshold. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the one or more processors are further configured to determine that the first future location information and the second future location information each correspond to a location type; and wherein the information presented to the second user comprises the location type and that the first user and the second user have the location type in common. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
receive a preference of a second user for a plurality of users that have location information corresponding to the future location; determine that each of the plurality of users having location information corresponding to the future location; and present information to the second user, the information to be presented to the second user comprising the event and that the second user and the plurality of users have the event in common. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine current location information of the first user; and cause information to be presented to the first user requesting information about the current location information. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine first current location information of the first user; determine second current location information of the second user; determine that a difference between the first current location information and the second current location information is less than a threshold; and in response to determining that the difference between the first current location information and the second current location information is less than a threshold, determine that the first user and the second user have met. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the first future location information comprises a location that the first user intends to visit at a future time. 8. A non-transitory computer-readable medium encoded with logic, the logic configured when executed to:
receive first future location information of a first user; receive second future location information of a second user; determine that the first future location information and the second future location information each correspond to a future location; determine that a characteristic related to the first user corresponds to a preference related to the second user; and in response to determining that a characteristic related to the first user corresponds to a preference related to the second user and in response to determining that the first future location information and the second future location information each correspond to a future location, cause information to be presented to the second user, the information to be presented to the second user comprising the future location and that the first user and the second user have the future location in common. 9. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein:
the first future location information comprises a first time; the second future location information comprises a second time; and determining that the first future location information and the second future location information each correspond to a future location comprises determining that a difference between the first time and the second time is less than a threshold. 10. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein:
the logic is further configured to determine that the first future location information and the second future location information each correspond to a location type; and wherein the information presented to the second user comprises the location type and that the first user and the second user have the location type in common. 11. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the logic is further configured to:
receive a preference of a second user for a plurality of users that have location information corresponding to the future location; determine that each of the plurality of users having location information corresponding to the future location; and present information to the second user, the information to be presented to the second user comprising the event and that the second user and the plurality of users have the event in common. 12. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the logic is further configured to:
determine current location information of the first user; and cause information to be presented to the first user requesting information about the current location information. 13. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the logic is further configured to:
determine first current location information of the first user; determine second current location information of the second user; determine that a difference between the first current location information and the second current location information is less than a threshold; and in response to determining that the difference between the first current location information and the second current location information is less than a threshold, determine that the first user and the second user have met. 14. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the first future location information comprises a location that the first user intends to visit at a future time. 15. A method, comprising:
receiving first future location information of a first user; receiving second future location information of a second user; determining that the first future location information and the second future location information each correspond to a future location; determining that a characteristic related to the first user corresponds to a preference related to the second user; and in response to determining that a characteristic related to the first user corresponds to a preference related to the second user and in response to determining that the first future location information and the second future location information each correspond to a future location, causing information to be presented to the second user, the information to be presented to the second user comprising the future location and that the first user and the second user have the future location in common. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein:
the first future location information comprises a first time; the second future location information comprises a second time; and determining that the first future location information and the second future location information each correspond to a future location comprises determining that a difference between the first time and the second time is less than a threshold. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
determining that the first future location information and the second future location information each correspond to a location type; and wherein the information presented to the second user comprises the location type and that the first user and the second user have the location type in common. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
receiving a preference of a second user for a plurality of users that have location information corresponding to the future location; determining that each of the plurality of users having location information corresponding to the future location; and presenting information to the second user, the information to be presented to the second user comprising the event and that the second user and the plurality of users have the event in common. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
determining current location information of the first user; and causing information to be presented to the first user requesting information about the current location information. 20. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
determining first current location information of the first user; determining second current location information of the second user; and determining that a difference between the first current location information and the second current location information is less than a threshold; and in response to determining that the difference between the first current location information and the second current location information is less than a threshold, determining that the first user and the second user have met. | In one embodiment, a system includes an interface and a communicatively coupled processor. The interface is configured to receive first future location information of a first user and receive second future location information of a second user. The processor is configured to determine that the first and second future location information each correspond to a future location and determine that a characteristic related to the first user corresponds to a preference related to the second user. In response to these determinations, the processor is configured to cause information to be presented to the second user, the information to be presented to the second user comprising the future location and that the first user and the second user have the future location in common.1. A system, comprising:
an interface configured to:
receive first future location information of a first user;
receive second future location information of a second user:
one or more processors communicatively coupled to the interface and configured to:
determine that the first future location information and the second future location information each correspond to a future location;
determine that a characteristic related to the first user corresponds to a preference related to the second user; and
in response to determining that a characteristic related to the first user corresponds to a preference related to the second user and in response to determining that the first future location information and the second future location information each correspond to a future location, cause information to be presented to the second user, the information to be presented to the second user comprising the future location and that the first user and the second user have the future location in common. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the first future location information comprises a first time; the second future location information comprises a second time; and determining that the first future location information and the second future location information each correspond to a future location comprises determining that a difference between the first time and the second time is less than a threshold. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the one or more processors are further configured to determine that the first future location information and the second future location information each correspond to a location type; and wherein the information presented to the second user comprises the location type and that the first user and the second user have the location type in common. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
receive a preference of a second user for a plurality of users that have location information corresponding to the future location; determine that each of the plurality of users having location information corresponding to the future location; and present information to the second user, the information to be presented to the second user comprising the event and that the second user and the plurality of users have the event in common. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine current location information of the first user; and cause information to be presented to the first user requesting information about the current location information. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine first current location information of the first user; determine second current location information of the second user; determine that a difference between the first current location information and the second current location information is less than a threshold; and in response to determining that the difference between the first current location information and the second current location information is less than a threshold, determine that the first user and the second user have met. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the first future location information comprises a location that the first user intends to visit at a future time. 8. A non-transitory computer-readable medium encoded with logic, the logic configured when executed to:
receive first future location information of a first user; receive second future location information of a second user; determine that the first future location information and the second future location information each correspond to a future location; determine that a characteristic related to the first user corresponds to a preference related to the second user; and in response to determining that a characteristic related to the first user corresponds to a preference related to the second user and in response to determining that the first future location information and the second future location information each correspond to a future location, cause information to be presented to the second user, the information to be presented to the second user comprising the future location and that the first user and the second user have the future location in common. 9. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein:
the first future location information comprises a first time; the second future location information comprises a second time; and determining that the first future location information and the second future location information each correspond to a future location comprises determining that a difference between the first time and the second time is less than a threshold. 10. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein:
the logic is further configured to determine that the first future location information and the second future location information each correspond to a location type; and wherein the information presented to the second user comprises the location type and that the first user and the second user have the location type in common. 11. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the logic is further configured to:
receive a preference of a second user for a plurality of users that have location information corresponding to the future location; determine that each of the plurality of users having location information corresponding to the future location; and present information to the second user, the information to be presented to the second user comprising the event and that the second user and the plurality of users have the event in common. 12. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the logic is further configured to:
determine current location information of the first user; and cause information to be presented to the first user requesting information about the current location information. 13. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the logic is further configured to:
determine first current location information of the first user; determine second current location information of the second user; determine that a difference between the first current location information and the second current location information is less than a threshold; and in response to determining that the difference between the first current location information and the second current location information is less than a threshold, determine that the first user and the second user have met. 14. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the first future location information comprises a location that the first user intends to visit at a future time. 15. A method, comprising:
receiving first future location information of a first user; receiving second future location information of a second user; determining that the first future location information and the second future location information each correspond to a future location; determining that a characteristic related to the first user corresponds to a preference related to the second user; and in response to determining that a characteristic related to the first user corresponds to a preference related to the second user and in response to determining that the first future location information and the second future location information each correspond to a future location, causing information to be presented to the second user, the information to be presented to the second user comprising the future location and that the first user and the second user have the future location in common. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein:
the first future location information comprises a first time; the second future location information comprises a second time; and determining that the first future location information and the second future location information each correspond to a future location comprises determining that a difference between the first time and the second time is less than a threshold. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
determining that the first future location information and the second future location information each correspond to a location type; and wherein the information presented to the second user comprises the location type and that the first user and the second user have the location type in common. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
receiving a preference of a second user for a plurality of users that have location information corresponding to the future location; determining that each of the plurality of users having location information corresponding to the future location; and presenting information to the second user, the information to be presented to the second user comprising the event and that the second user and the plurality of users have the event in common. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
determining current location information of the first user; and causing information to be presented to the first user requesting information about the current location information. 20. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
determining first current location information of the first user; determining second current location information of the second user; and determining that a difference between the first current location information and the second current location information is less than a threshold; and in response to determining that the difference between the first current location information and the second current location information is less than a threshold, determining that the first user and the second user have met. | 3,700 |
346,984 | 16,805,456 | 3,745 | A sensor includes a mount arranged along a sensor axis, an airfoil body fixed to the mount and having a first face and second face extending along the sensor axis, a heater element, and a temperature probe. The heater element and the temperature probe are positioned within the airfoil body and extend axially along the airfoil body. The airfoil body defines within its interior a pressure channel having an inlet segment extending between the heater element and the first face of the airfoil body to prevent ice formation and/or melt ice entrained within air traversing the pressure channel. Gas turbine engines, methods of removing ice or preventing ice formation, and methods of making sensors are also described. | 1. A sensor, comprising:
a mount arranged along a sensor axis; an airfoil body fixed to the mount, the airfoil body having a first face and second face extending along the sensor axis; and a heater element positioned within the airfoil body and extending axially through the airfoil body, wherein the airfoil body defines therein a pressure channel having an inlet segment extending between the heater element and the first face of the airfoil body to prevent ice formation and/or melt ice entrained within air traversing the pressure channel. 2. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the inlet segment of the pressure channel is substantially orthogonal relative to the heater element. 3. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the inlet segment of the pressure channel traces an arcuate path between the first face and the second face of the airfoil body. 4. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the airfoil body has a pressure inlet on a leading edge of the airfoil body and in fluid communication with the inlet segment. 5. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the pressure channel includes an expansion chamber fluidly coupling the inlet segment to the mount. 6. The sensor of claim 5, wherein the inlet segment has an inlet segment flow area, wherein the expansion chamber has an expansion chamber flow area, and wherein the expansion chamber flow area is larger than the inlet segment flow area. 7. The sensor of claim 5, wherein the expansion chamber extends axially between the inlet segment of the pressure channel and the mount. 8. The sensor of claim 5, wherein the inlet segment is substantially orthogonal relative to the expansion chamber. 9. The sensor of claim 5, wherein the pressure channel includes an outlet segment fluidly coupling the expansion chamber to the mount. 10. The sensor of claim 9, wherein the outlet segment has an outlet segment flow area, wherein the expansion chamber has an expansion chamber flow area, and wherein the outlet segment flow area is smaller than the expansion chamber flow area. 11. The sensor of claim 9, further comprising a pressure conduit extending through the mount and seated within the outlet segment of the pressure channel. 12. The sensor of claim 1, further comprising a temperature probe seated within the airfoil body, and wherein the pressure channel includes an expansion chamber extending axially within the airfoil body and chordwise separating the heater element from the temperature probe. 13. The sensor of claim 12, wherein the temperature probe extends axially along the airfoil body and is electrically connected to the mount. 14. The sensor of claim 12, wherein the airfoil body defines an insulating cavity at a location chordwise between the expansion chamber and the temperature probe. 15. A gas turbine engine, comprising:
a compressor section with an inlet; a combustor section in fluid communication with the compressor section; a turbine section in fluid communication with the combustor section; and a sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein the sensor is supported within the compressor section inlet of the gas turbine engine to measure pressure and temperature of air ingested by the compressor section. 16. The gas turbine engine of claim 15, further comprising a temperature probe seated within the airfoil body, wherein the pressure channel includes an expansion chamber extending axially within the airfoil body and chordwise separating the heater element from the temperature probe, wherein the temperature probe extends axially along the airfoil body and is electrically connected to the mount, wherein the airfoil body defines an insulating cavity at a location chordwise between the expansion chamber and the temperature probe. 17. The gas turbine engine of claim 15, wherein the pressure channel includes an expansion chamber with an expansion chamber flow area fluidly coupling the inlet segment to the mount, wherein the pressure channel includes an outlet segment fluidly coupling the expansion chamber to the mount, wherein the outlet segment has an outlet segment flow area, and wherein the outlet segment flow area is smaller than the expansion chamber flow area. 18. A method of removing ice or preventing ice formation, comprising:
at a sensor including a mount arranged along a sensor axis, an airfoil body fixed to the mount and having a first face and second face extending along the sensor axis, and a heater element positioned within the airfoil body and extending axially through the airfoil body, the airfoil body defining therein a pressure channel having an inlet segment extending between the heater element and the first face of the airfoil body, receiving an airflow having entrained ice crystals or super-cooled moisture at the inlet segment of the pressure channel; heating the inlet segment of the pressure channel with the heater element; and melting at least some of the entrained ice crystals or warming at least some of the super-cooled moisture within the inlet segment using heat generated with the heater element. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the pressure channel includes an expansion chamber fluidly coupling the inlet segment to the mount wherein the sensor comprises a temperature probe seated within the airfoil body, wherein the airfoil body defines an insulating cavity chordwise between the expansion chamber and the temperature probe, the method further comprising:
slowing velocity of the airflow within the expansion chamber; separating the ice crystals from the airflow; heating the expansion chamber; melting the separated ice crystals using heat from the heater element; and. thermally separating the temperature probe from the expansion chamber and the inlet segment by flowing ambient air through the insulating cavity. 20. A method of making a sensor, comprising:
forming, with an additive manufacturing technique, an airfoil body having a first face and a second face extending along a sensor axis; defining, with the additive manufacturing technique, a heater element seat and a pressure channel having an inlet segment extending between the heater element and the first face of the airfoil body to melt ice entrained within air traversing the pressure channel; defining, with the additive manufacturing technique, a temperature probe seat extending axially within the airfoil body; defining, with the additive manufacturing technique, an expansion chamber extending axially between the temperature probe seat and the heater element seat, the expansion chamber fluidly coupled inlet segment; positioning a heater element within the airfoil body in the heater element seat such that the heater element extends axially through the airfoil body; positioning a temperature probe within the airfoil body in the temperature probe seat; and fixing the airfoil body to a mount arranged along the sensor axis. | A sensor includes a mount arranged along a sensor axis, an airfoil body fixed to the mount and having a first face and second face extending along the sensor axis, a heater element, and a temperature probe. The heater element and the temperature probe are positioned within the airfoil body and extend axially along the airfoil body. The airfoil body defines within its interior a pressure channel having an inlet segment extending between the heater element and the first face of the airfoil body to prevent ice formation and/or melt ice entrained within air traversing the pressure channel. Gas turbine engines, methods of removing ice or preventing ice formation, and methods of making sensors are also described.1. A sensor, comprising:
a mount arranged along a sensor axis; an airfoil body fixed to the mount, the airfoil body having a first face and second face extending along the sensor axis; and a heater element positioned within the airfoil body and extending axially through the airfoil body, wherein the airfoil body defines therein a pressure channel having an inlet segment extending between the heater element and the first face of the airfoil body to prevent ice formation and/or melt ice entrained within air traversing the pressure channel. 2. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the inlet segment of the pressure channel is substantially orthogonal relative to the heater element. 3. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the inlet segment of the pressure channel traces an arcuate path between the first face and the second face of the airfoil body. 4. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the airfoil body has a pressure inlet on a leading edge of the airfoil body and in fluid communication with the inlet segment. 5. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the pressure channel includes an expansion chamber fluidly coupling the inlet segment to the mount. 6. The sensor of claim 5, wherein the inlet segment has an inlet segment flow area, wherein the expansion chamber has an expansion chamber flow area, and wherein the expansion chamber flow area is larger than the inlet segment flow area. 7. The sensor of claim 5, wherein the expansion chamber extends axially between the inlet segment of the pressure channel and the mount. 8. The sensor of claim 5, wherein the inlet segment is substantially orthogonal relative to the expansion chamber. 9. The sensor of claim 5, wherein the pressure channel includes an outlet segment fluidly coupling the expansion chamber to the mount. 10. The sensor of claim 9, wherein the outlet segment has an outlet segment flow area, wherein the expansion chamber has an expansion chamber flow area, and wherein the outlet segment flow area is smaller than the expansion chamber flow area. 11. The sensor of claim 9, further comprising a pressure conduit extending through the mount and seated within the outlet segment of the pressure channel. 12. The sensor of claim 1, further comprising a temperature probe seated within the airfoil body, and wherein the pressure channel includes an expansion chamber extending axially within the airfoil body and chordwise separating the heater element from the temperature probe. 13. The sensor of claim 12, wherein the temperature probe extends axially along the airfoil body and is electrically connected to the mount. 14. The sensor of claim 12, wherein the airfoil body defines an insulating cavity at a location chordwise between the expansion chamber and the temperature probe. 15. A gas turbine engine, comprising:
a compressor section with an inlet; a combustor section in fluid communication with the compressor section; a turbine section in fluid communication with the combustor section; and a sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein the sensor is supported within the compressor section inlet of the gas turbine engine to measure pressure and temperature of air ingested by the compressor section. 16. The gas turbine engine of claim 15, further comprising a temperature probe seated within the airfoil body, wherein the pressure channel includes an expansion chamber extending axially within the airfoil body and chordwise separating the heater element from the temperature probe, wherein the temperature probe extends axially along the airfoil body and is electrically connected to the mount, wherein the airfoil body defines an insulating cavity at a location chordwise between the expansion chamber and the temperature probe. 17. The gas turbine engine of claim 15, wherein the pressure channel includes an expansion chamber with an expansion chamber flow area fluidly coupling the inlet segment to the mount, wherein the pressure channel includes an outlet segment fluidly coupling the expansion chamber to the mount, wherein the outlet segment has an outlet segment flow area, and wherein the outlet segment flow area is smaller than the expansion chamber flow area. 18. A method of removing ice or preventing ice formation, comprising:
at a sensor including a mount arranged along a sensor axis, an airfoil body fixed to the mount and having a first face and second face extending along the sensor axis, and a heater element positioned within the airfoil body and extending axially through the airfoil body, the airfoil body defining therein a pressure channel having an inlet segment extending between the heater element and the first face of the airfoil body, receiving an airflow having entrained ice crystals or super-cooled moisture at the inlet segment of the pressure channel; heating the inlet segment of the pressure channel with the heater element; and melting at least some of the entrained ice crystals or warming at least some of the super-cooled moisture within the inlet segment using heat generated with the heater element. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the pressure channel includes an expansion chamber fluidly coupling the inlet segment to the mount wherein the sensor comprises a temperature probe seated within the airfoil body, wherein the airfoil body defines an insulating cavity chordwise between the expansion chamber and the temperature probe, the method further comprising:
slowing velocity of the airflow within the expansion chamber; separating the ice crystals from the airflow; heating the expansion chamber; melting the separated ice crystals using heat from the heater element; and. thermally separating the temperature probe from the expansion chamber and the inlet segment by flowing ambient air through the insulating cavity. 20. A method of making a sensor, comprising:
forming, with an additive manufacturing technique, an airfoil body having a first face and a second face extending along a sensor axis; defining, with the additive manufacturing technique, a heater element seat and a pressure channel having an inlet segment extending between the heater element and the first face of the airfoil body to melt ice entrained within air traversing the pressure channel; defining, with the additive manufacturing technique, a temperature probe seat extending axially within the airfoil body; defining, with the additive manufacturing technique, an expansion chamber extending axially between the temperature probe seat and the heater element seat, the expansion chamber fluidly coupled inlet segment; positioning a heater element within the airfoil body in the heater element seat such that the heater element extends axially through the airfoil body; positioning a temperature probe within the airfoil body in the temperature probe seat; and fixing the airfoil body to a mount arranged along the sensor axis. | 3,700 |
346,985 | 16,805,486 | 2,855 | A sensor includes an airfoil body, a heater element, and a temperature probe. The airfoil body defines a sensor axis, an insulating cavity, and extends between a leading edge and a trailing edge of the airfoil body. The heater element extends axially within the airfoil body and is positioned between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil body. The temperature probe extends axially within the airfoil body, is positioned between the heater element and the trailing edge of the airfoil body, and is separated from the heater element by the insulating cavity to limit thermal communication between the temperature probe and the heater element. Gas turbine engines, methods of making sensors, and methods of thermally separating temperature probes and heater elements in sensors are also described. | 1. A sensor, comprising:
an airfoil body defining a sensor axis and an insulating cavity, the airfoil body extending between a leading edge and a trailing edge of the airfoil body; a heater element extending axially within the airfoil body, the heater element positioned between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil body; and a temperature probe extending axially within the airfoil body and positioned between the heater element and the trailing edge of the airfoil body, wherein the temperature probe is separated from the heater element by the insulating cavity to limit thermal communication between the temperature probe and the heater element. 2. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the airfoil body has a tip surface extending to the trailing edge of the airfoil body. 3. The sensor of claim 2, wherein the tip surface of the airfoil body defines an insulating cavity inlet that is fluidly coupled to the insulating cavity. 4. The sensor of claim 2, wherein the airfoil body has a first face extending between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil body, the first face defining a first face first outlet vent, wherein the first face first outlet vent is fluidly coupled to the insulating cavity. 5. The sensor of claim 2, wherein the airfoil body has a second face extending between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil body, the second face defining a second face first outlet vent, wherein the second face first outlet vent is fluidly coupled to the insulating cavity. 6. The sensor of claim 2, wherein the airfoil body has an ice accretion feature extending between the tip surface and the leading edge of the air foil body, the ice accretion feature axially overlapping the leading edge of the airfoil body. 7. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the airfoil body defines a temperature sense chamber between the insulating cavity and the trailing edge of the airfoil body, wherein the temperature probe extends into the temperature sense chamber. 8. The sensor of claim 7, wherein the airfoil body has a tip surface extending to the trailing edge of the airfoil body, the tip surface defining tip surface aperture, and wherein the tip surface aperture is fluidly coupled to the temperature sense chamber. 9. The sensor of claim 7, wherein the airfoil body has a first face extending between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil body, the first face defining a first face aperture, wherein the temperature sense chamber is fluidly coupled to the external environment through the first face aperture. 10. The sensor of claim 7, wherein the airfoil body has a second face extending between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil body, the second face defining a second face aperture, wherein the temperature sense chamber is fluidly coupled to the external environment through the second face aperture. 11. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the airfoil body has a tip surface defining therein a scoop feature, the scoop feature axially overlaying the temperature probe and the insulating cavity. 12. The sensor of claim 11, wherein the airfoil body has an ice accretion feature arranged between the scoop feature and the leading edge of the airfoil body. 13. The sensor of claim 11, wherein the scoop feature terminates at a tip surface aperture, wherein the tip surface aperture fluidly couples the scoop feature to the temperature probe. 14. The sensor of claim 11, wherein the scoop feature spans an insulating cavity inlet defined by the tip surface of the airfoil body, and wherein the insulating cavity inlet fluidly couples the scoop feature to the insulating cavity. 15. A gas turbine engine, comprising:
a compressor section with a compressor inlet; a combustor section in fluid communication with the compressor section; a turbine section in fluid communication with the combustor section; and a sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein the sensor is a P2T2 sensor supported within the compressor inlet of the gas turbine engine. 16. The gas turbine engine of claim 15, wherein the airfoil body has a tip surface extending to the trailing edge of the airfoil body; and wherein the airfoil body defines a temperature sense chamber between the insulating cavity and the trailing edge of the airfoil body, wherein the temperature probe extends into the temperature sense chamber. 17. The gas turbine engine of claim 15, wherein the airfoil body defines a temperature sense chamber between the insulating cavity and the trailing edge of the airfoil body, wherein the temperature probe extends into the temperature sense chamber; and wherein the airfoil body has a tip surface defining therein a scoop feature, the scoop feature axially overlaying the temperature probe and the insulating cavity. 18. The gas turbine engine of claim 15, wherein the airfoil body has a tip surface defining therein a scoop feature, the scoop feature axially overlaying the temperature probe and the insulating cavity; and wherein the tip surface extends to the trailing edge of the airfoil body. 19. A method of making a sensor, comprising:
forming an airfoil body defining a sensor axis and an insulating cavity, the airfoil body extending between a leading edge and a trailing edge of the airfoil body, using an additive manufacturing technique; wherein forming the airfoil with the additive manufacturing technique includes defining a heater element seat extending axially through the airfoil body between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil body; wherein forming the airfoil body with the additive manufacturing technique includes defining a temperature probe seat extending axially through the airfoil body between the insulating cavity and the trailing edge of the airfoil body; wherein forming the airfoil with the additive manufacturing technique includes defining the insulating cavity between the heater element seat and the temperature probe seat; positioning a heater element within the heater element seat; and positioning a temperature probe within the temperature probe seat. 20. A method thermally separating a temperature probe from a heater element, comprising:
at a sensor including an airfoil body defining a sensor axis, an insulating cavity, and extending between a leading edge and a trailing edge of the airfoil body; a heater element extending axially within the airfoil body and positioned between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil body; and a temperature probe extending axially within the airfoil body and positioned between the heater element and the trailing edge of the airfoil body, the temperature probe separated from the heater element by the insulating cavity, heating the leading edge of the airfoil body with the heater element; thermally separating the temperature probe from the heater element by flowing fluid from the environment external to the sensor through the insulating cavity; flowing further fluid from the environment external to the sensor across the temperature probe; and measuring temperature of the fluid flowing across the temperature probe with the temperature probe. | A sensor includes an airfoil body, a heater element, and a temperature probe. The airfoil body defines a sensor axis, an insulating cavity, and extends between a leading edge and a trailing edge of the airfoil body. The heater element extends axially within the airfoil body and is positioned between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil body. The temperature probe extends axially within the airfoil body, is positioned between the heater element and the trailing edge of the airfoil body, and is separated from the heater element by the insulating cavity to limit thermal communication between the temperature probe and the heater element. Gas turbine engines, methods of making sensors, and methods of thermally separating temperature probes and heater elements in sensors are also described.1. A sensor, comprising:
an airfoil body defining a sensor axis and an insulating cavity, the airfoil body extending between a leading edge and a trailing edge of the airfoil body; a heater element extending axially within the airfoil body, the heater element positioned between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil body; and a temperature probe extending axially within the airfoil body and positioned between the heater element and the trailing edge of the airfoil body, wherein the temperature probe is separated from the heater element by the insulating cavity to limit thermal communication between the temperature probe and the heater element. 2. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the airfoil body has a tip surface extending to the trailing edge of the airfoil body. 3. The sensor of claim 2, wherein the tip surface of the airfoil body defines an insulating cavity inlet that is fluidly coupled to the insulating cavity. 4. The sensor of claim 2, wherein the airfoil body has a first face extending between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil body, the first face defining a first face first outlet vent, wherein the first face first outlet vent is fluidly coupled to the insulating cavity. 5. The sensor of claim 2, wherein the airfoil body has a second face extending between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil body, the second face defining a second face first outlet vent, wherein the second face first outlet vent is fluidly coupled to the insulating cavity. 6. The sensor of claim 2, wherein the airfoil body has an ice accretion feature extending between the tip surface and the leading edge of the air foil body, the ice accretion feature axially overlapping the leading edge of the airfoil body. 7. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the airfoil body defines a temperature sense chamber between the insulating cavity and the trailing edge of the airfoil body, wherein the temperature probe extends into the temperature sense chamber. 8. The sensor of claim 7, wherein the airfoil body has a tip surface extending to the trailing edge of the airfoil body, the tip surface defining tip surface aperture, and wherein the tip surface aperture is fluidly coupled to the temperature sense chamber. 9. The sensor of claim 7, wherein the airfoil body has a first face extending between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil body, the first face defining a first face aperture, wherein the temperature sense chamber is fluidly coupled to the external environment through the first face aperture. 10. The sensor of claim 7, wherein the airfoil body has a second face extending between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil body, the second face defining a second face aperture, wherein the temperature sense chamber is fluidly coupled to the external environment through the second face aperture. 11. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the airfoil body has a tip surface defining therein a scoop feature, the scoop feature axially overlaying the temperature probe and the insulating cavity. 12. The sensor of claim 11, wherein the airfoil body has an ice accretion feature arranged between the scoop feature and the leading edge of the airfoil body. 13. The sensor of claim 11, wherein the scoop feature terminates at a tip surface aperture, wherein the tip surface aperture fluidly couples the scoop feature to the temperature probe. 14. The sensor of claim 11, wherein the scoop feature spans an insulating cavity inlet defined by the tip surface of the airfoil body, and wherein the insulating cavity inlet fluidly couples the scoop feature to the insulating cavity. 15. A gas turbine engine, comprising:
a compressor section with a compressor inlet; a combustor section in fluid communication with the compressor section; a turbine section in fluid communication with the combustor section; and a sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein the sensor is a P2T2 sensor supported within the compressor inlet of the gas turbine engine. 16. The gas turbine engine of claim 15, wherein the airfoil body has a tip surface extending to the trailing edge of the airfoil body; and wherein the airfoil body defines a temperature sense chamber between the insulating cavity and the trailing edge of the airfoil body, wherein the temperature probe extends into the temperature sense chamber. 17. The gas turbine engine of claim 15, wherein the airfoil body defines a temperature sense chamber between the insulating cavity and the trailing edge of the airfoil body, wherein the temperature probe extends into the temperature sense chamber; and wherein the airfoil body has a tip surface defining therein a scoop feature, the scoop feature axially overlaying the temperature probe and the insulating cavity. 18. The gas turbine engine of claim 15, wherein the airfoil body has a tip surface defining therein a scoop feature, the scoop feature axially overlaying the temperature probe and the insulating cavity; and wherein the tip surface extends to the trailing edge of the airfoil body. 19. A method of making a sensor, comprising:
forming an airfoil body defining a sensor axis and an insulating cavity, the airfoil body extending between a leading edge and a trailing edge of the airfoil body, using an additive manufacturing technique; wherein forming the airfoil with the additive manufacturing technique includes defining a heater element seat extending axially through the airfoil body between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil body; wherein forming the airfoil body with the additive manufacturing technique includes defining a temperature probe seat extending axially through the airfoil body between the insulating cavity and the trailing edge of the airfoil body; wherein forming the airfoil with the additive manufacturing technique includes defining the insulating cavity between the heater element seat and the temperature probe seat; positioning a heater element within the heater element seat; and positioning a temperature probe within the temperature probe seat. 20. A method thermally separating a temperature probe from a heater element, comprising:
at a sensor including an airfoil body defining a sensor axis, an insulating cavity, and extending between a leading edge and a trailing edge of the airfoil body; a heater element extending axially within the airfoil body and positioned between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil body; and a temperature probe extending axially within the airfoil body and positioned between the heater element and the trailing edge of the airfoil body, the temperature probe separated from the heater element by the insulating cavity, heating the leading edge of the airfoil body with the heater element; thermally separating the temperature probe from the heater element by flowing fluid from the environment external to the sensor through the insulating cavity; flowing further fluid from the environment external to the sensor across the temperature probe; and measuring temperature of the fluid flowing across the temperature probe with the temperature probe. | 2,800 |
346,986 | 16,805,420 | 2,855 | Provided is a method of regenerating cartilage tissues by treatment with hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1), and a composition for regenerating cartilage, the composition including HAPLN1 as an active ingredient. According to the present disclosure, the HAPLN1 protein may have cartilage formation-stimulating ability and articular cartilage regeneration ability, may increase an expression level of TGF-β receptor I of chondrocytes to increase a component ratio of cells having cartilage formation ability, and to induce regeneration of cartilage tissues. Accordingly, the HAPLN1 protein of the present disclosure, which is a novel composition regulating TGF-β signaling, may be usefully applied as a pharmaceutical composition for regenerating cartilage, a health food composition for regenerating cartilage, or a reagent composition for regenerating cartilage. | 1. A method of regenerating cartilage tissues by treatment with hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1). 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the HAPLN1 stimulates cartilage formation and protects articular cartilage. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the HAPLN1 increases an expression level of Transforming growth factor beta receptor I (TGF-β receptor I) to increase a component ratio of cells having cartilage formation ability and to induce regeneration of cartilage tissues. 4. A health food composition for regenerating cartilage, the health food composition comprising hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1) as an active ingredient. 5. A reagent composition for regenerating cartilage, the reagent composition comprising hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1) as an active ingredient. | Provided is a method of regenerating cartilage tissues by treatment with hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1), and a composition for regenerating cartilage, the composition including HAPLN1 as an active ingredient. According to the present disclosure, the HAPLN1 protein may have cartilage formation-stimulating ability and articular cartilage regeneration ability, may increase an expression level of TGF-β receptor I of chondrocytes to increase a component ratio of cells having cartilage formation ability, and to induce regeneration of cartilage tissues. Accordingly, the HAPLN1 protein of the present disclosure, which is a novel composition regulating TGF-β signaling, may be usefully applied as a pharmaceutical composition for regenerating cartilage, a health food composition for regenerating cartilage, or a reagent composition for regenerating cartilage.1. A method of regenerating cartilage tissues by treatment with hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1). 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the HAPLN1 stimulates cartilage formation and protects articular cartilage. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the HAPLN1 increases an expression level of Transforming growth factor beta receptor I (TGF-β receptor I) to increase a component ratio of cells having cartilage formation ability and to induce regeneration of cartilage tissues. 4. A health food composition for regenerating cartilage, the health food composition comprising hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1) as an active ingredient. 5. A reagent composition for regenerating cartilage, the reagent composition comprising hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1) as an active ingredient. | 2,800 |
346,987 | 16,805,449 | 2,652 | A method for routing interactions arriving at a contact center. The method may include: providing a cost schedule for the interactions that includes a classifier in which categories of interaction types are defined and a cost value corresponding to each of the interaction types; providing a capacity value for agents; and routing the interactions in accordance with a routing process. The routing process may include: receiving the first interaction; pursuant to the classifier, classifying the first interaction as being a first interaction type; determining the cost value of the first interaction as being the cost value corresponding to the first interaction type in the cost schedule; calculating for each of the agents an available capacity; and routing the first interaction to a first agent based on the available capacity of the first agent being sufficient given the cost value. | 1. A processor-implemented method for routing interactions arriving at a contact center among agents, the method comprising steps of:
providing a cost schedule for the interactions, wherein the cost schedule comprises:
a classifier in which categories of interaction types are defined; and
a cost value corresponding to each of the interaction types;
providing a capacity value for each of the agents; routing the interactions in accordance with a routing process, wherein, described in relation to a first one of the interactions (hereinafter “first interaction”), the routing process comprises:
(a) receiving the first interaction;
(b) pursuant to the classifier, classifying the first interaction as being a first one of the interaction types (hereinafter “first interaction type”);
(c) determining the cost value of the first interaction as being the cost value corresponding to the first interaction type in the cost schedule;
(d) calculating for each of the agents an available capacity; and
(e) routing the first interaction to a first one of the agents (hereinafter “first agent”) based, at least in part, on the available capacity of the first agent being sufficient given the cost value of the first interaction. 2. The processor-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein, defined in relation to an example using the first agent, the capacity value is a maximum permissible value for a total sum of the cost values of the interactions being handled concurrently by the first agent. 3. The processor-implemented method according to claim 2, wherein the cost values of the cost schedule are weighted to reflect relative differences between the interaction types in terms of an estimated percentage of an agent's attention span expended in the handling thereof. 4. The processor-implemented method according to claim 2, wherein, when described in relation to an example using the first agent, the step of calculating the available capacity for each of the agents comprises:
determining ongoing ones of the interactions (hereinafter “ongoing interactions”) being handled concurrently by the first agent; classifying each of the ongoing interactions per the interaction types of the classifier; determining the respective cost values of the ongoing interactions as being the cost value corresponding to the interaction type of each in the cost schedule; determining a used capacity of the first agent by summing the cost values of the ongoing interactions; and calculating the available capacity of the first agent as a difference between the capacity value and the used capacity of the first agent. 5. The processor-implemented method according to claim 4, wherein, described in relation to an example using the first agent, the step of calculating the available capacity further comprises:
receiving a communication recommending that the interaction type of at least one of the ongoing interactions be modified; reclassifying the at least one of the ongoing interactions per the recommendation; and recalculating the available capacity given the reclassification. 6. The processor-implemented method according to claim 5, wherein first interaction classifier comprises a difficulty classifier, and wherein the interaction types of the difficulty classifier comprise at least two categories that differentiate between less difficult ones of the interactions and more difficult ones of the interactions; and
wherein the communication comprises a communication sent from the agent recommending that the interaction type of the at least one of the ongoing interactions be modified to reflect a level of difficulty appreciated by the agent while handling the at least one of the ongoing interactions. 7. The processor-implemented method according to claim 5, wherein first interaction classifier comprises a media classifier, and wherein the interaction types comprise different types of media over which the interactions are conducted;
wherein the communication comprises an automated communication sent in response to detecting a change in the type of media over which the at least one of the ongoing interactions is being conducted. 8. The processor-implemented method according to claim 4, wherein the routing process further comprises:
routing the first interaction to the first agent based, at least in part, on the first agent having an available capacity that exceeds the available capacity calculated for each of the other agents. 9. The processor-implemented method according to claim 4, wherein the routing process further comprises:
routing the first interaction to the first agent based, at least in part, on the first agent having a used capacity that is less than the used capacity calculated for each of the other agents. 10. The processor-implemented method according to claim 4, wherein first interaction classifier comprises a media classifier, and wherein the interaction types comprise different types of media over which the interactions are conducted. 11. The processor-implemented method according to claim 10, wherein the different types of media include at least three of the following: telephone; chat; email; text; video conferencing; and screen sharing. 12. The processor-implemented method according to claim 4, wherein first interaction classifier comprises a difficulty classifier; and
wherein the interaction types of the difficulty classifier comprise at least two categories that differentiate between less difficult ones of the interactions and more difficult ones of the interactions. 13. The processor-implemented method according to claim 4, wherein the capacity values are uniquely tailored to respective ones of the agents in accordance with an agent capability rating, the agent capability rating including at least one of:
an experience level of the agent; a training course completed by the agent; and recent performance characteristics of the agent related to handling particular types of the interactions. 14. A system for routing interactions amount agents within a contact center, the system comprising:
a hardware processor; and a machine-readable storage medium on which is stored instructions that cause the hardware processor to execute a process, wherein the process comprises:
providing a cost schedule for the interactions, wherein the cost schedule comprises:
a classifier in which categories of interaction types are defined; and
a cost value corresponding to each of the interaction types;
providing a capacity value for each of the agents;
routing the interactions in accordance with a routing subprocess, wherein, described in relation to a first one of the interactions (hereinafter “first interaction”), the routing subprocess comprises:
(a) receiving the first interaction;
(b) pursuant to the classifier, classifying the first interaction as being a first one of the interaction types (hereinafter “first interaction type”);
(c) determining the cost value of the first interaction as being the cost value corresponding to the first interaction type in the cost schedule;
(d) calculating for each of the agents an available capacity; and
(e) routing the first interaction to a first one of the agents (hereinafter “first agent”) based, at least in part, on the available capacity of the first agent being sufficient given the cost value of the first interaction. 15. The system according to claim 14, wherein, defined in relation to an example using the first agent, the capacity value is a maximum permissible value for a total sum of the cost values of the interactions being handled concurrently by the first agent. 16. The system according to claim 15, wherein, when described in relation to an example using the first agent, the step of calculating the available capacity for each of the agents comprises:
determining ongoing ones of the interactions (hereinafter “ongoing interactions”) being handled concurrently by the first agent; classifying each of the ongoing interactions per the interaction types of the classifier; determining the respective cost values of the ongoing interactions as being the cost value corresponding to the interaction type of each in the cost schedule; determining a used capacity of the first agent by summing the cost values of the ongoing interactions; and calculating the available capacity of the first agent as a difference between the capacity value and the used capacity of the first agent. 17. The system according to claim 16, wherein the routing subprocess further comprises:
routing the first interaction to the first agent based, at least in part, on the first agent having an available capacity that exceeds the available capacity calculated for each of the other agents. 18. The system according to claim 16, wherein the routing subprocess further comprises:
routing the first interaction to the first agent based, at least in part, on the first agent having a used capacity that is less than the used capacity calculated for each of the other agents. 19. The system according to claim 16, wherein first interaction classifier comprises a media classifier, and wherein the interaction types comprise different types of media over which the interactions are conducted; and
wherein the different types of media include at least three of the following: telephone; chat; email; text; video conferencing; and screen sharing. 20. The system according to claim 16, wherein first interaction classifier comprises a difficulty classifier; and
wherein the interaction types of the difficulty classifier comprise at least two categories that differentiate between less difficult ones of the interactions and more difficult ones of the interactions. | A method for routing interactions arriving at a contact center. The method may include: providing a cost schedule for the interactions that includes a classifier in which categories of interaction types are defined and a cost value corresponding to each of the interaction types; providing a capacity value for agents; and routing the interactions in accordance with a routing process. The routing process may include: receiving the first interaction; pursuant to the classifier, classifying the first interaction as being a first interaction type; determining the cost value of the first interaction as being the cost value corresponding to the first interaction type in the cost schedule; calculating for each of the agents an available capacity; and routing the first interaction to a first agent based on the available capacity of the first agent being sufficient given the cost value.1. A processor-implemented method for routing interactions arriving at a contact center among agents, the method comprising steps of:
providing a cost schedule for the interactions, wherein the cost schedule comprises:
a classifier in which categories of interaction types are defined; and
a cost value corresponding to each of the interaction types;
providing a capacity value for each of the agents; routing the interactions in accordance with a routing process, wherein, described in relation to a first one of the interactions (hereinafter “first interaction”), the routing process comprises:
(a) receiving the first interaction;
(b) pursuant to the classifier, classifying the first interaction as being a first one of the interaction types (hereinafter “first interaction type”);
(c) determining the cost value of the first interaction as being the cost value corresponding to the first interaction type in the cost schedule;
(d) calculating for each of the agents an available capacity; and
(e) routing the first interaction to a first one of the agents (hereinafter “first agent”) based, at least in part, on the available capacity of the first agent being sufficient given the cost value of the first interaction. 2. The processor-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein, defined in relation to an example using the first agent, the capacity value is a maximum permissible value for a total sum of the cost values of the interactions being handled concurrently by the first agent. 3. The processor-implemented method according to claim 2, wherein the cost values of the cost schedule are weighted to reflect relative differences between the interaction types in terms of an estimated percentage of an agent's attention span expended in the handling thereof. 4. The processor-implemented method according to claim 2, wherein, when described in relation to an example using the first agent, the step of calculating the available capacity for each of the agents comprises:
determining ongoing ones of the interactions (hereinafter “ongoing interactions”) being handled concurrently by the first agent; classifying each of the ongoing interactions per the interaction types of the classifier; determining the respective cost values of the ongoing interactions as being the cost value corresponding to the interaction type of each in the cost schedule; determining a used capacity of the first agent by summing the cost values of the ongoing interactions; and calculating the available capacity of the first agent as a difference between the capacity value and the used capacity of the first agent. 5. The processor-implemented method according to claim 4, wherein, described in relation to an example using the first agent, the step of calculating the available capacity further comprises:
receiving a communication recommending that the interaction type of at least one of the ongoing interactions be modified; reclassifying the at least one of the ongoing interactions per the recommendation; and recalculating the available capacity given the reclassification. 6. The processor-implemented method according to claim 5, wherein first interaction classifier comprises a difficulty classifier, and wherein the interaction types of the difficulty classifier comprise at least two categories that differentiate between less difficult ones of the interactions and more difficult ones of the interactions; and
wherein the communication comprises a communication sent from the agent recommending that the interaction type of the at least one of the ongoing interactions be modified to reflect a level of difficulty appreciated by the agent while handling the at least one of the ongoing interactions. 7. The processor-implemented method according to claim 5, wherein first interaction classifier comprises a media classifier, and wherein the interaction types comprise different types of media over which the interactions are conducted;
wherein the communication comprises an automated communication sent in response to detecting a change in the type of media over which the at least one of the ongoing interactions is being conducted. 8. The processor-implemented method according to claim 4, wherein the routing process further comprises:
routing the first interaction to the first agent based, at least in part, on the first agent having an available capacity that exceeds the available capacity calculated for each of the other agents. 9. The processor-implemented method according to claim 4, wherein the routing process further comprises:
routing the first interaction to the first agent based, at least in part, on the first agent having a used capacity that is less than the used capacity calculated for each of the other agents. 10. The processor-implemented method according to claim 4, wherein first interaction classifier comprises a media classifier, and wherein the interaction types comprise different types of media over which the interactions are conducted. 11. The processor-implemented method according to claim 10, wherein the different types of media include at least three of the following: telephone; chat; email; text; video conferencing; and screen sharing. 12. The processor-implemented method according to claim 4, wherein first interaction classifier comprises a difficulty classifier; and
wherein the interaction types of the difficulty classifier comprise at least two categories that differentiate between less difficult ones of the interactions and more difficult ones of the interactions. 13. The processor-implemented method according to claim 4, wherein the capacity values are uniquely tailored to respective ones of the agents in accordance with an agent capability rating, the agent capability rating including at least one of:
an experience level of the agent; a training course completed by the agent; and recent performance characteristics of the agent related to handling particular types of the interactions. 14. A system for routing interactions amount agents within a contact center, the system comprising:
a hardware processor; and a machine-readable storage medium on which is stored instructions that cause the hardware processor to execute a process, wherein the process comprises:
providing a cost schedule for the interactions, wherein the cost schedule comprises:
a classifier in which categories of interaction types are defined; and
a cost value corresponding to each of the interaction types;
providing a capacity value for each of the agents;
routing the interactions in accordance with a routing subprocess, wherein, described in relation to a first one of the interactions (hereinafter “first interaction”), the routing subprocess comprises:
(a) receiving the first interaction;
(b) pursuant to the classifier, classifying the first interaction as being a first one of the interaction types (hereinafter “first interaction type”);
(c) determining the cost value of the first interaction as being the cost value corresponding to the first interaction type in the cost schedule;
(d) calculating for each of the agents an available capacity; and
(e) routing the first interaction to a first one of the agents (hereinafter “first agent”) based, at least in part, on the available capacity of the first agent being sufficient given the cost value of the first interaction. 15. The system according to claim 14, wherein, defined in relation to an example using the first agent, the capacity value is a maximum permissible value for a total sum of the cost values of the interactions being handled concurrently by the first agent. 16. The system according to claim 15, wherein, when described in relation to an example using the first agent, the step of calculating the available capacity for each of the agents comprises:
determining ongoing ones of the interactions (hereinafter “ongoing interactions”) being handled concurrently by the first agent; classifying each of the ongoing interactions per the interaction types of the classifier; determining the respective cost values of the ongoing interactions as being the cost value corresponding to the interaction type of each in the cost schedule; determining a used capacity of the first agent by summing the cost values of the ongoing interactions; and calculating the available capacity of the first agent as a difference between the capacity value and the used capacity of the first agent. 17. The system according to claim 16, wherein the routing subprocess further comprises:
routing the first interaction to the first agent based, at least in part, on the first agent having an available capacity that exceeds the available capacity calculated for each of the other agents. 18. The system according to claim 16, wherein the routing subprocess further comprises:
routing the first interaction to the first agent based, at least in part, on the first agent having a used capacity that is less than the used capacity calculated for each of the other agents. 19. The system according to claim 16, wherein first interaction classifier comprises a media classifier, and wherein the interaction types comprise different types of media over which the interactions are conducted; and
wherein the different types of media include at least three of the following: telephone; chat; email; text; video conferencing; and screen sharing. 20. The system according to claim 16, wherein first interaction classifier comprises a difficulty classifier; and
wherein the interaction types of the difficulty classifier comprise at least two categories that differentiate between less difficult ones of the interactions and more difficult ones of the interactions. | 2,600 |
346,988 | 16,805,447 | 2,652 | In a semiconductor device having MONOS memories configured by fin-type MISFETs, an increase in parasitic capacitance between wirings accompanying miniaturization of the semiconductor device is prevented, and the reliability of the semiconductor device is improved. In a memory cell array in which a plurality of MONOS type memory cells formed on fins are arranged, source regions formed on the plurality of fins arranged in a short direction of the fin are electrically connected to each other by one epitaxial layer straddling the fins. | 1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a semiconductor substrate having a first region; a plurality of first protruding portions being part of the semiconductor substrate in the first region, protruded from an upper surface of the semiconductor substrate, extending in a first direction along the upper surface of the semiconductor substrate and arranged in a second direction intersecting with the first direction; a first gate electrode formed on an upper surface and a side surface of each of the first protruding portions via a first dielectric film and extending in the second direction; a second gate electrode formed on the upper surface and the side surface of each of the first protruding portions via a second dielectric film having a charge storage portion, being adjacent to one side surface of the first gate electrode via a third dielectric film and extending in the second direction; a first semiconductor region formed in each of the first protruding portions adjacent to the first gate electrode in plan view; a second semiconductor region formed in each of the first protruding portions adjacent to the second gate electrode in plan view; a first semiconductor layer formed on the upper surface and the side surface of each of the first protruding portions in which the first semiconductor region is formed, and electrically connected to the first semiconductor region; and a second semiconductor layer formed on the upper surface and the side surface of the first protruding portions in which the second semiconductor region is formed, and electrically connected to the second semiconductor region, wherein the first gate electrode, the second gate electrode, the first semiconductor region and the second semiconductor region configure a nonvolatile memory element, wherein the first semiconductor layers adjacent in the second direction are separated from each other, and wherein the second semiconductor layers adjacent in the second direction are connected to each other. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein the upper surface of the first protruding portion in contact with the second semiconductor layer is higher than the upper surface of the first protruding portion in contact with the first semiconductor layer. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 2,
wherein the number of plugs penetrating through an interlayer insulating film covering the second semiconductor layer, arranged on the second semiconductor layer and electrically connected to the second semiconductor layer is less than the number of the plurality of first protruding portions covered by the second semiconductor layers. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, comprising:
a plurality of second protruding portions being part of the semiconductor substrate in a second region different from the first region, protruded from the upper surface of the semiconductor substrate, extending in a third direction along the main surface of the semiconductor substrate and arranged in a fourth direction intersecting with the third direction; a third gate electrode formed on an upper surface and a side surface of the second protruding portion via a fourth dielectric film and extending in the fourth direction; a source region and a drain region formed from the upper surface and the side surface of the second protruding portion to an inside of the second protruding portion so as to sandwich the third gate electrode in plan view; and a third semiconductor layer covering the upper surface and the side surface of each of portions of the second protruding portion where the source region and the drain region are formed, and in contact with the plurality of second protruding portions, wherein the third gate electrode, the source region and the drain region configure a field effect transistor, and wherein the third semiconductor layers in contact with the second protruding portions adjacent in the fourth direction are separated from each other. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 4,
wherein the upper surface of the first protruding portion in contact with the second semiconductor layer is higher than the upper surface of the second protruding portion in contact with the third semiconductor layer. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 2,
wherein an upper surface and a side surface of each of the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer are covered with silicide layers. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 2,
wherein the first semiconductor layers in contact with the plurality of first protruding portions arranged in the second direction are separated from each other. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 2,
wherein a first distance from the side surface of the first protruding portion to an end portion of the first semiconductor layer in the second direction is less than ½ of a distance between the adjacent first protruding portions, and wherein a second distance from the side surface of the first protruding portion to an end portion of the second semiconductor layer in the second direction is ½ or more of the distance between the adjacent first protruding portions. 9. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising:
(a) preparing a semiconductor substrate having a first region; (b) forming a plurality of first protruding portions being part of the semiconductor substrate in the first region, protruded from an upper surface of the semiconductor substrate, extending in a first direction along the upper surface of the semiconductor substrate and arranged in a second direction intersecting with the first direction; (c) after the (b), forming a first gate electrode on an upper surface and a side surface of each of the first protruding portions via a first dielectric film, and forming a second gate electrode on the upper surface and the side surface of each of the first protruding portions via a second dielectric film having a charge storage portion, the second gate electrode being adjacent to one side surface of the first gate electrode via a third dielectric film; (d) retracting the upper surface of each of the first protruding portions on the first gate electrode side to the semiconductor substrate side; (e) after the (d), among the first protruding portions exposed from the first gate electrode and the second gate electrode in plan view, forming a first semiconductor layer on the upper surface and the side surface of each of the first protruding portions on the first gate electrode side, and forming a second semiconductor layer on the upper surface and the side surface of each of the first protruding portions on the second gate electrode side; and (f) forming a first semiconductor region in each of the first protruding portions adjacent to the first gate electrode in plan view, and forming a second semiconductor region in each of the first protruding portions adjacent to the second gate electrode in plan view, wherein the first gate electrode, the second gate electrode, the first semiconductor region and the second semiconductor region configure a nonvolatile memory element, wherein the first semiconductor layers adjacent in the second direction are separated from each other, and wherein the second semiconductor layers adjacent in the second direction are connected to each other. 10. The method according to claim 9, comprising:
(g) after the (b), and before the (c), forming an element isolation region embedding trenches between the plurality of first protruding portions. 11. The method according to claim 10, comprising:
(h) after the (f), forming an interlayer insulating film over the semiconductor substrate; and (i) forming first plugs penetrating the interlayer insulating film and electrically connected to the first semiconductor layers, and forming second plugs penetrating the interlayer insulating film and electrically connected to the second semiconductor layers, wherein the number of the second plugs arranged on the second semiconductor layer and electrically connected to the second semiconductor layer is less than the number of the plurality of first protruding portions covered with the second semiconductor layers. 12. The method according to claim 10,
wherein in the (b), the plurality of first protruding portions, and a plurality of second protruding portions being part of the semiconductor substrate in a second region different from the first region, protruded from the upper surface of the semiconductor substrate, extending in a third direction along the upper surface of the semiconductor substrate and arranged in a fourth direction intersecting with the third direction are formed, wherein in the (g), the element isolation region is formed so as to embed the trenches around the first protruding portions and the second protruding portions, wherein in the (c), a third gate electrode is formed on an upper surface and a side surface of the second protruding portion via a fourth dielectric film, wherein in the (d), the upper surface on the first gate electrode side among the upper surfaces of the first protruding portions sandwiching the first gate electrode and the second gate electrode in plan view, and the upper surfaces of the second protruding portions sandwiching the third gate electrode in plan view are retracted to the semiconductor substrate side, wherein in the (e), the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer, and third semiconductor layers covering the upper surfaces and the side surfaces of the second protruding portions sandwiching the third gate electrode in plan view are formed, wherein in the (f), the first semiconductor region and the second semiconductor region are formed, and a source region and a drain region sandwiching the third gate electrode in plan view are formed in the second protruding portion, wherein the third gate electrode, the source region and the drain region configure a field effect transistor, and wherein the third semiconductor layers in contact with the second protruding portions adjacent in the fourth direction are separated from each other. 13. The method according to claim 12,
wherein in the (d), the upper surfaces of the second protruding portion are retracted lower than the upper surface on the second gate electrode side among the upper surfaces of the first protruding portion sandwiching the first gate electrode and the second gate electrode in plan view. 14. The method according to claim 10, comprising:
(f1) after the (e) and the (f), covering an upper surface and a side surface of each of the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer with silicide layers. 15. The method according to claim 10,
wherein the first semiconductor layers in contact with each of the plurality of first protruding portions arranged in the second direction are separated from each other. 16. The method according to claim 10,
wherein a first distance from the side surface of the first protruding portion to an end portion of the first semiconductor layer in the second direction is less than ½ of a distance between the adjacent first protruding portions, wherein a second distance from the side surface of the first protruding portion to an end portion of the second semiconductor layer in the second direction is ½ or more of the distance between the adjacent first protruding portions. 17. The method according to claim 10,
wherein the (e) is performed in a state that the upper surfaces of the first protruding portions on the first gate electrode side is lower than the upper surfaces of the first protruding portions on the second gate electrode side, among the first protruding portions sandwiching the first gate electrode and the second gate electrode in plan view. 18. The method according to claim 10,
wherein the first semiconductor layers and the second semiconductor layers are formed by epitaxial growth method. | In a semiconductor device having MONOS memories configured by fin-type MISFETs, an increase in parasitic capacitance between wirings accompanying miniaturization of the semiconductor device is prevented, and the reliability of the semiconductor device is improved. In a memory cell array in which a plurality of MONOS type memory cells formed on fins are arranged, source regions formed on the plurality of fins arranged in a short direction of the fin are electrically connected to each other by one epitaxial layer straddling the fins.1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a semiconductor substrate having a first region; a plurality of first protruding portions being part of the semiconductor substrate in the first region, protruded from an upper surface of the semiconductor substrate, extending in a first direction along the upper surface of the semiconductor substrate and arranged in a second direction intersecting with the first direction; a first gate electrode formed on an upper surface and a side surface of each of the first protruding portions via a first dielectric film and extending in the second direction; a second gate electrode formed on the upper surface and the side surface of each of the first protruding portions via a second dielectric film having a charge storage portion, being adjacent to one side surface of the first gate electrode via a third dielectric film and extending in the second direction; a first semiconductor region formed in each of the first protruding portions adjacent to the first gate electrode in plan view; a second semiconductor region formed in each of the first protruding portions adjacent to the second gate electrode in plan view; a first semiconductor layer formed on the upper surface and the side surface of each of the first protruding portions in which the first semiconductor region is formed, and electrically connected to the first semiconductor region; and a second semiconductor layer formed on the upper surface and the side surface of the first protruding portions in which the second semiconductor region is formed, and electrically connected to the second semiconductor region, wherein the first gate electrode, the second gate electrode, the first semiconductor region and the second semiconductor region configure a nonvolatile memory element, wherein the first semiconductor layers adjacent in the second direction are separated from each other, and wherein the second semiconductor layers adjacent in the second direction are connected to each other. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein the upper surface of the first protruding portion in contact with the second semiconductor layer is higher than the upper surface of the first protruding portion in contact with the first semiconductor layer. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 2,
wherein the number of plugs penetrating through an interlayer insulating film covering the second semiconductor layer, arranged on the second semiconductor layer and electrically connected to the second semiconductor layer is less than the number of the plurality of first protruding portions covered by the second semiconductor layers. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, comprising:
a plurality of second protruding portions being part of the semiconductor substrate in a second region different from the first region, protruded from the upper surface of the semiconductor substrate, extending in a third direction along the main surface of the semiconductor substrate and arranged in a fourth direction intersecting with the third direction; a third gate electrode formed on an upper surface and a side surface of the second protruding portion via a fourth dielectric film and extending in the fourth direction; a source region and a drain region formed from the upper surface and the side surface of the second protruding portion to an inside of the second protruding portion so as to sandwich the third gate electrode in plan view; and a third semiconductor layer covering the upper surface and the side surface of each of portions of the second protruding portion where the source region and the drain region are formed, and in contact with the plurality of second protruding portions, wherein the third gate electrode, the source region and the drain region configure a field effect transistor, and wherein the third semiconductor layers in contact with the second protruding portions adjacent in the fourth direction are separated from each other. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 4,
wherein the upper surface of the first protruding portion in contact with the second semiconductor layer is higher than the upper surface of the second protruding portion in contact with the third semiconductor layer. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 2,
wherein an upper surface and a side surface of each of the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer are covered with silicide layers. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 2,
wherein the first semiconductor layers in contact with the plurality of first protruding portions arranged in the second direction are separated from each other. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 2,
wherein a first distance from the side surface of the first protruding portion to an end portion of the first semiconductor layer in the second direction is less than ½ of a distance between the adjacent first protruding portions, and wherein a second distance from the side surface of the first protruding portion to an end portion of the second semiconductor layer in the second direction is ½ or more of the distance between the adjacent first protruding portions. 9. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising:
(a) preparing a semiconductor substrate having a first region; (b) forming a plurality of first protruding portions being part of the semiconductor substrate in the first region, protruded from an upper surface of the semiconductor substrate, extending in a first direction along the upper surface of the semiconductor substrate and arranged in a second direction intersecting with the first direction; (c) after the (b), forming a first gate electrode on an upper surface and a side surface of each of the first protruding portions via a first dielectric film, and forming a second gate electrode on the upper surface and the side surface of each of the first protruding portions via a second dielectric film having a charge storage portion, the second gate electrode being adjacent to one side surface of the first gate electrode via a third dielectric film; (d) retracting the upper surface of each of the first protruding portions on the first gate electrode side to the semiconductor substrate side; (e) after the (d), among the first protruding portions exposed from the first gate electrode and the second gate electrode in plan view, forming a first semiconductor layer on the upper surface and the side surface of each of the first protruding portions on the first gate electrode side, and forming a second semiconductor layer on the upper surface and the side surface of each of the first protruding portions on the second gate electrode side; and (f) forming a first semiconductor region in each of the first protruding portions adjacent to the first gate electrode in plan view, and forming a second semiconductor region in each of the first protruding portions adjacent to the second gate electrode in plan view, wherein the first gate electrode, the second gate electrode, the first semiconductor region and the second semiconductor region configure a nonvolatile memory element, wherein the first semiconductor layers adjacent in the second direction are separated from each other, and wherein the second semiconductor layers adjacent in the second direction are connected to each other. 10. The method according to claim 9, comprising:
(g) after the (b), and before the (c), forming an element isolation region embedding trenches between the plurality of first protruding portions. 11. The method according to claim 10, comprising:
(h) after the (f), forming an interlayer insulating film over the semiconductor substrate; and (i) forming first plugs penetrating the interlayer insulating film and electrically connected to the first semiconductor layers, and forming second plugs penetrating the interlayer insulating film and electrically connected to the second semiconductor layers, wherein the number of the second plugs arranged on the second semiconductor layer and electrically connected to the second semiconductor layer is less than the number of the plurality of first protruding portions covered with the second semiconductor layers. 12. The method according to claim 10,
wherein in the (b), the plurality of first protruding portions, and a plurality of second protruding portions being part of the semiconductor substrate in a second region different from the first region, protruded from the upper surface of the semiconductor substrate, extending in a third direction along the upper surface of the semiconductor substrate and arranged in a fourth direction intersecting with the third direction are formed, wherein in the (g), the element isolation region is formed so as to embed the trenches around the first protruding portions and the second protruding portions, wherein in the (c), a third gate electrode is formed on an upper surface and a side surface of the second protruding portion via a fourth dielectric film, wherein in the (d), the upper surface on the first gate electrode side among the upper surfaces of the first protruding portions sandwiching the first gate electrode and the second gate electrode in plan view, and the upper surfaces of the second protruding portions sandwiching the third gate electrode in plan view are retracted to the semiconductor substrate side, wherein in the (e), the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer, and third semiconductor layers covering the upper surfaces and the side surfaces of the second protruding portions sandwiching the third gate electrode in plan view are formed, wherein in the (f), the first semiconductor region and the second semiconductor region are formed, and a source region and a drain region sandwiching the third gate electrode in plan view are formed in the second protruding portion, wherein the third gate electrode, the source region and the drain region configure a field effect transistor, and wherein the third semiconductor layers in contact with the second protruding portions adjacent in the fourth direction are separated from each other. 13. The method according to claim 12,
wherein in the (d), the upper surfaces of the second protruding portion are retracted lower than the upper surface on the second gate electrode side among the upper surfaces of the first protruding portion sandwiching the first gate electrode and the second gate electrode in plan view. 14. The method according to claim 10, comprising:
(f1) after the (e) and the (f), covering an upper surface and a side surface of each of the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer with silicide layers. 15. The method according to claim 10,
wherein the first semiconductor layers in contact with each of the plurality of first protruding portions arranged in the second direction are separated from each other. 16. The method according to claim 10,
wherein a first distance from the side surface of the first protruding portion to an end portion of the first semiconductor layer in the second direction is less than ½ of a distance between the adjacent first protruding portions, wherein a second distance from the side surface of the first protruding portion to an end portion of the second semiconductor layer in the second direction is ½ or more of the distance between the adjacent first protruding portions. 17. The method according to claim 10,
wherein the (e) is performed in a state that the upper surfaces of the first protruding portions on the first gate electrode side is lower than the upper surfaces of the first protruding portions on the second gate electrode side, among the first protruding portions sandwiching the first gate electrode and the second gate electrode in plan view. 18. The method according to claim 10,
wherein the first semiconductor layers and the second semiconductor layers are formed by epitaxial growth method. | 2,600 |
346,989 | 16,805,493 | 2,652 | A computing apparatus that is integrated within a flotation module, the system obtaining the energy required to power its computing operations from waves that travel across the surface of a body of water on which the flotation module sets. Additionally, the self-powered computing apparatus employs novel designs to utilize its close proximity to the body of water and/or to strong ocean winds to significantly lower the cost and complexity of cooling their computing circuits. | 1. A single-body fluidic computational task processing apparatus, comprising:
a buoyant vessel having an upper deck surface, a fluid conduit having a lower tubular portion fixedly positioned beneath the upper deck surface and a constricting section with a cross-sectional area that decreases in a direction away from the lower aperture and toward the upper deck surface; a fluid turbine, a power-take-off, a plurality of computers fixedly positioned relative to the fluid conduit, and a first propulsive system; said fluid conduit having a lower aperture at a distal end of the lower tubular portion of the fluid conduit through which water may flow into and out of the fluid conduit; said lower tubular portion adapted to have a submerged and approximately vertical orientation when the buoyant vessel floats adjacent to an upper surface of a body of water; said fluid turbine rotating in response to fluid flowing in the fluid conduit; said power-take-off being operatively connected to the fluid turbine such that the power-take-off produces electrical power in response to rotation of the fluid turbine; said plurality of computers being energized by electrical power produced by the power-take-off; said plurality of computers executing computational tasks specified by encoded signals received by the apparatus; said plurality of computers configured to produce computational results by the execution of computational tasks specified by encoded signals received by the apparatus; and said propulsive system configured to move the apparatus across the surface of the body of water; wherein the apparatus receives, via encoded signals, computational tasks from a remote transmission antenna; and wherein the apparatus transmits, via encoded signals, computational results to a remote receiving antenna. 2. The single-body fluidic computational task processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first propulsive system includes a propeller. 3. The single-body fluidic computational task processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first propulsive system includes a water jet. 4. The single-body fluidic computational task processing apparatus of claim 1, further including a second propulsive system. 5. The single-body fluidic computational task processing apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first and second propulsive systems include water jets. 6. The single-body fluidic computational task processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein a portion of the fluid conduit is adapted to entrain pressurized gas to drive fluid through the fluid turbine. 7. The single-body fluidic computational task processing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a heat sink communicating heat from the plurality of computers to at least one of a wall of the fluid conduit and water flowing in the fluid conduit. 8. A fluidic computational task processing system, comprising:
a mobile fluidic task-processing float having an upper deck surface, an fluid conduit, a fluid turbine, a power-take-off assembly, a plurality of computers, a local data reception antenna, a local data transmission antenna, and a first propulsive system, said mobile fluidic task-processing float configured to drift buoyantly on a surface of water; said fluid conduit including first and second openings adapted to allow fluid to flow between an exterior of the mobile fluidic task-processing float and an interior of the fluid conduit; said fluid conduit further including a lower hollow tubular portion disposed below the upper deck surface; said fluid conduit further including an upwardly converging section, said upwardly converging section tapering the fluid conduit relative to an approximately upward direction of fluid flow in the fluid conduit; said fluid turbine positioned in the fluid conduit and configured to rotate in response to fluid flow in the fluid conduit; said power-take-off assembly adapted to generate electricity in response to rotation of the fluid turbine to energize the plurality of computers; said local data reception antenna adapted to receive encoded input data and relay received input data to the plurality of computers; said plurality of computers adapted to process received input data and relay output data derived from received input data to the local data transmission antenna; and said local data transmission antenna adapted to transmit encoded output data; wherein the mobile fluidic task-processing float is adapted to generate fluid flow in the fluid conduit and energize the plurality of computers when oscillating in a body of water traversed by waves. 9. The fluidic computational task processing system of claim 8, wherein the upwardly converging section defines an upward-pointing fluid nozzle adapted to accelerate fluid upwardly in the converging section to impel fluid to the fluid turbine. 10. The fluidic computational task-processing system of claim 8, wherein a lower horizontal cross-section of the upwardly converging section has greater area than an upper horizontal cross-section of the upwardly converging section. 11. The fluidic computational task processing system of claim 8, wherein the upwardly converging section is adapted to pressurize water in the fluid conduit to impel water to the fluid turbine. 12. The fluidic computational task processing system of claim 8, wherein the fluid conduit includes an extended tubular duct depending from the hull enclosure and wherein the first opening is at a bottommost portion of the extended tubular duct. 13. The computational task processing system of claim 8, wherein the local transmission antenna and the local reception antenna are the same antenna. 14. The computational task processing system of claim 8, wherein one of the local transmission antenna and the local reception antenna is a phased-array antenna. 15. The fluidic computational task processing system of claim 8, further comprising a remote data transmission antenna, a remote data transmission computer, a remote data reception antenna, and a remote data reception computer. 16. The fluidic computational task processing system of claim 15, wherein the remote data transmission computer transmits an input data packet to the plurality of computers via the remote data transmission antenna and the local data reception antenna; wherein the plurality of computers computes an output data packet using data of the input data packet; and wherein the plurality of computers transmits the output data packet to the remote data reception computer via the local data transmission antenna and the remote data reception antenna. 17. The computational task processing system of claim 15, wherein the remote data transmission antenna and the remote data reception antenna are the same antenna. 18. The computational task processing system of claim 15, wherein the remote data reception computer and the remote data transmission computer are the same computer. 19. The computational task processing system of claim 8, wherein the fluid turbine is a Kaplan turbine. 20. The computational task processing system of claim 8, wherein the power-take-off assembly includes an electrical generator operatively coupled to the fluid turbine. 21. The computational task processing system of claim 8, wherein the power-take-off assembly includes an energy storage device. 22. The computational task processing system of claim 21, wherein the energy storage device is a battery. 23. The computational task processing system of claim 8, wherein the computational task processing system derives one of a neural network, a machine learning model, an artificially intelligent system, a cryptocurrency hash value, and a mathematical model consistent with a set of data values, from received input data. 24. The computational task processing system of claim 8, wherein the power-take-off assembly is fixedly attached to the hull enclosure. 25. The computational task processing system of claim 8, wherein the fluid turbine is rotatably attached to the hull enclosure. 26. The computational task-processing system of claim 8, wherein the first propulsive system is a propeller. 27. The computational task-processing system of claim 8, wherein the first propulsive system is a water jet. 28. The computational task-processing system of claim 8, wherein the first propulsive system is a rigid sail. 29. The computational task-processing system of claim 8, further comprising a second propulsive system and a steering control system configured to control relative thrusts of the first propulsive system and the second propulsive system. 30. The computational task-processing system of claim 8, wherein the turbine is positioned downstream of the upwardly converging section with respect to an upward direction of fluid flow in the upwardly converging section. 31. The computational task-processing system of claim 30, wherein the turbine is positioned above the upwardly converging section. 32. The computational task-processing system of claim 30, wherein the turbine is positioned at a vertical level included between a first horizontal plane defined by the top of the upwardly converging section and a second horizontal plane defined by the bottom of the upwardly converging section. 33. The computational task-processing system of claim 30, wherein the fluid conduit includes a bend. 34. The computational task-processing system of claim 8, wherein the fluid turbine is positioned in a portion of the fluid conduit to which fluid is impelled from the upwardly converging section. 35. The computational task-processing system of claim 8, further comprising a heat sink communicating heat from the plurality of computers to one of a wall of the fluid conduit and water flowing in the fluid conduit. 36. The computational task-processing system of claim 8, wherein a portion of the fluid conduit is adapted to entrain pressurized gas to drive fluid to the fluid turbine. 37. A hydraulic computational task processing system, comprising:
A wave-to-computation converter including a hull configured to provide buoyancy in a body of water, a hollow inertial water tube depending from the hull and having a lower mouth open to the body of water, an upwardly tapering fluid-pressurization duct in fluid communication with the inertial water tube, a fluid conduit adapted to be fed by the upwardly tapering fluid-pressurization duct, a turbine runner positioned in the fluid conduit and configured to be turned by fluid pressurized by the upwardly tapering fluid-pressurization duct, an electrical generator configured to be energized by rotation of the turbine runner, a computer enclosure, a plurality of computers housed in the computer enclosure, and a local data antenna; and a remote data antenna; wherein the wave-to-computation converter is adapted to oscillate vertically and generate pressurized fluid flow in the fluid conduit when excited by waves in the body of water; wherein the plurality of computers is adapted to be energized by electricity yielded by the electrical generator in response to rotation of the turbine runner; and wherein the wave-to-computation converter is adapted to receive an electromagnetic encoding of data via the local data antenna, compute a functional result of received data using the plurality of computers, and transmit an electromagnetic encoding of said functional result to the remote data antenna. 38. The computational task-processing system of claim 37, further comprising a heat sink communicating heat from the plurality of computers to one of a wall of the fluid conduit and water flowing in the fluid conduit. 39. The computational task-processing system of claim 37, further comprising a propulsion system configured to propel the wave-to-computation converter in water. 40. An antenna-stabilizing buoyant computing cluster, comprising:
a hull having an upper deck surface; a propulsive system to relocate the antenna-stabilizing buoyant computing cluster; a hollow tubular structure rigidly depending from the hull and having a bottom mouth in fluid communication with an interior channel of the hollow tubular structure; an upwardly tapering fluid pressurization constriction in fluid communication with the interior channel of the hollow tubular structure; a fluid conduit fed by the upwardly tapering fluid pressurization constriction; a fluid-power-take-off apparatus fed by the fluid conduit; a plurality of computers affixed to one of the hull and the hollow tubular structure; an elevated antenna rigidly affixed to the upper deck surface and in electrical communication with the plurality of computers; wherein the antenna-stabilizing buoyant computing cluster is configured to float in a body of water with the upper deck surface and the elevated antenna raised above an upper surface of the body of water; wherein the upwardly tapering fluid pressurization constriction impels fluid to the fluid conduit when the antenna-stabilizing buoyant computing cluster oscillates in waves; and wherein the fluid-power-take-off apparatus energizes the plurality of computers when actuated by fluid impelled to the fluid conduit. 41. The antenna-stabilizing buoyant computing cluster of claim 40, wherein the upper deck surface is a solid metal deck. 42. The antenna-stabilizing buoyant computing cluster of claim 40, wherein the hollow tubular structure defines a cylindrical projection including a central region of the upper deck surface and portion of the elevated antenna is rigidly affixed to the upper deck surface within the cylindrical projection. 43. The antenna-stabilizing buoyant computing cluster claim 40, further comprising a heat sink communicating heat from the plurality of computers to one of a wall of the fluid conduit and water flowing in the fluid conduit. 44. A single-body fluidic computational task processing apparatus, comprising:
a fluid conduit having upper and lower sections; a hydrodynamic lifting hull fixedly attached to the fluid conduit, and surrounding an upper portion of the fluid conduit and from which depends a lower portion of the fluid conduit; a power-take-off fixedly positioned relative to the hydrodynamic lifting hull; a fluid turbine rotatably attached to the hydrodynamic lifting hull, and operably connected to the power take off; a plurality of computers fixedly attached to the hydrodynamic lifting hull; and a first propulsive system fixedly positioned relative to the hydrodynamic lifting hull; said hydrodynamic lifting hull adapted to float adjacent to an upper surface of a body of water over which waves pass; said lower portion of the fluid conduit having a tubular portion adapted to be submerged and having an approximately vertical orientation when the apparatus floats adjacent to the upper surface of the body of water; said lower portion of the fluid conduit further having an aperture through which water may flow into and out of the fluid conduit; said fluid conduit further having a constricting section whose cross-sectional area decreases with respect to fluid flowing in the fluid conduit in a direction away from the aperture and toward the upper portion of the fluid conduit; said fluid turbine rotating in response to fluid flowing in the fluid conduit; said power-take-off producing electrical power in response to rotation of the fluid turbine; said plurality of computers being energized by electrical power produced by the power-take-off; said plurality of computers executing computational tasks specified by encoded signals received by the apparatus; said plurality of computers producing computational results by the execution of computational tasks specified by encoded signals received by the apparatus; and said propulsive system moving the hydrodynamic lifting hull across the surface of the body of water. | A computing apparatus that is integrated within a flotation module, the system obtaining the energy required to power its computing operations from waves that travel across the surface of a body of water on which the flotation module sets. Additionally, the self-powered computing apparatus employs novel designs to utilize its close proximity to the body of water and/or to strong ocean winds to significantly lower the cost and complexity of cooling their computing circuits.1. A single-body fluidic computational task processing apparatus, comprising:
a buoyant vessel having an upper deck surface, a fluid conduit having a lower tubular portion fixedly positioned beneath the upper deck surface and a constricting section with a cross-sectional area that decreases in a direction away from the lower aperture and toward the upper deck surface; a fluid turbine, a power-take-off, a plurality of computers fixedly positioned relative to the fluid conduit, and a first propulsive system; said fluid conduit having a lower aperture at a distal end of the lower tubular portion of the fluid conduit through which water may flow into and out of the fluid conduit; said lower tubular portion adapted to have a submerged and approximately vertical orientation when the buoyant vessel floats adjacent to an upper surface of a body of water; said fluid turbine rotating in response to fluid flowing in the fluid conduit; said power-take-off being operatively connected to the fluid turbine such that the power-take-off produces electrical power in response to rotation of the fluid turbine; said plurality of computers being energized by electrical power produced by the power-take-off; said plurality of computers executing computational tasks specified by encoded signals received by the apparatus; said plurality of computers configured to produce computational results by the execution of computational tasks specified by encoded signals received by the apparatus; and said propulsive system configured to move the apparatus across the surface of the body of water; wherein the apparatus receives, via encoded signals, computational tasks from a remote transmission antenna; and wherein the apparatus transmits, via encoded signals, computational results to a remote receiving antenna. 2. The single-body fluidic computational task processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first propulsive system includes a propeller. 3. The single-body fluidic computational task processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first propulsive system includes a water jet. 4. The single-body fluidic computational task processing apparatus of claim 1, further including a second propulsive system. 5. The single-body fluidic computational task processing apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first and second propulsive systems include water jets. 6. The single-body fluidic computational task processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein a portion of the fluid conduit is adapted to entrain pressurized gas to drive fluid through the fluid turbine. 7. The single-body fluidic computational task processing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a heat sink communicating heat from the plurality of computers to at least one of a wall of the fluid conduit and water flowing in the fluid conduit. 8. A fluidic computational task processing system, comprising:
a mobile fluidic task-processing float having an upper deck surface, an fluid conduit, a fluid turbine, a power-take-off assembly, a plurality of computers, a local data reception antenna, a local data transmission antenna, and a first propulsive system, said mobile fluidic task-processing float configured to drift buoyantly on a surface of water; said fluid conduit including first and second openings adapted to allow fluid to flow between an exterior of the mobile fluidic task-processing float and an interior of the fluid conduit; said fluid conduit further including a lower hollow tubular portion disposed below the upper deck surface; said fluid conduit further including an upwardly converging section, said upwardly converging section tapering the fluid conduit relative to an approximately upward direction of fluid flow in the fluid conduit; said fluid turbine positioned in the fluid conduit and configured to rotate in response to fluid flow in the fluid conduit; said power-take-off assembly adapted to generate electricity in response to rotation of the fluid turbine to energize the plurality of computers; said local data reception antenna adapted to receive encoded input data and relay received input data to the plurality of computers; said plurality of computers adapted to process received input data and relay output data derived from received input data to the local data transmission antenna; and said local data transmission antenna adapted to transmit encoded output data; wherein the mobile fluidic task-processing float is adapted to generate fluid flow in the fluid conduit and energize the plurality of computers when oscillating in a body of water traversed by waves. 9. The fluidic computational task processing system of claim 8, wherein the upwardly converging section defines an upward-pointing fluid nozzle adapted to accelerate fluid upwardly in the converging section to impel fluid to the fluid turbine. 10. The fluidic computational task-processing system of claim 8, wherein a lower horizontal cross-section of the upwardly converging section has greater area than an upper horizontal cross-section of the upwardly converging section. 11. The fluidic computational task processing system of claim 8, wherein the upwardly converging section is adapted to pressurize water in the fluid conduit to impel water to the fluid turbine. 12. The fluidic computational task processing system of claim 8, wherein the fluid conduit includes an extended tubular duct depending from the hull enclosure and wherein the first opening is at a bottommost portion of the extended tubular duct. 13. The computational task processing system of claim 8, wherein the local transmission antenna and the local reception antenna are the same antenna. 14. The computational task processing system of claim 8, wherein one of the local transmission antenna and the local reception antenna is a phased-array antenna. 15. The fluidic computational task processing system of claim 8, further comprising a remote data transmission antenna, a remote data transmission computer, a remote data reception antenna, and a remote data reception computer. 16. The fluidic computational task processing system of claim 15, wherein the remote data transmission computer transmits an input data packet to the plurality of computers via the remote data transmission antenna and the local data reception antenna; wherein the plurality of computers computes an output data packet using data of the input data packet; and wherein the plurality of computers transmits the output data packet to the remote data reception computer via the local data transmission antenna and the remote data reception antenna. 17. The computational task processing system of claim 15, wherein the remote data transmission antenna and the remote data reception antenna are the same antenna. 18. The computational task processing system of claim 15, wherein the remote data reception computer and the remote data transmission computer are the same computer. 19. The computational task processing system of claim 8, wherein the fluid turbine is a Kaplan turbine. 20. The computational task processing system of claim 8, wherein the power-take-off assembly includes an electrical generator operatively coupled to the fluid turbine. 21. The computational task processing system of claim 8, wherein the power-take-off assembly includes an energy storage device. 22. The computational task processing system of claim 21, wherein the energy storage device is a battery. 23. The computational task processing system of claim 8, wherein the computational task processing system derives one of a neural network, a machine learning model, an artificially intelligent system, a cryptocurrency hash value, and a mathematical model consistent with a set of data values, from received input data. 24. The computational task processing system of claim 8, wherein the power-take-off assembly is fixedly attached to the hull enclosure. 25. The computational task processing system of claim 8, wherein the fluid turbine is rotatably attached to the hull enclosure. 26. The computational task-processing system of claim 8, wherein the first propulsive system is a propeller. 27. The computational task-processing system of claim 8, wherein the first propulsive system is a water jet. 28. The computational task-processing system of claim 8, wherein the first propulsive system is a rigid sail. 29. The computational task-processing system of claim 8, further comprising a second propulsive system and a steering control system configured to control relative thrusts of the first propulsive system and the second propulsive system. 30. The computational task-processing system of claim 8, wherein the turbine is positioned downstream of the upwardly converging section with respect to an upward direction of fluid flow in the upwardly converging section. 31. The computational task-processing system of claim 30, wherein the turbine is positioned above the upwardly converging section. 32. The computational task-processing system of claim 30, wherein the turbine is positioned at a vertical level included between a first horizontal plane defined by the top of the upwardly converging section and a second horizontal plane defined by the bottom of the upwardly converging section. 33. The computational task-processing system of claim 30, wherein the fluid conduit includes a bend. 34. The computational task-processing system of claim 8, wherein the fluid turbine is positioned in a portion of the fluid conduit to which fluid is impelled from the upwardly converging section. 35. The computational task-processing system of claim 8, further comprising a heat sink communicating heat from the plurality of computers to one of a wall of the fluid conduit and water flowing in the fluid conduit. 36. The computational task-processing system of claim 8, wherein a portion of the fluid conduit is adapted to entrain pressurized gas to drive fluid to the fluid turbine. 37. A hydraulic computational task processing system, comprising:
A wave-to-computation converter including a hull configured to provide buoyancy in a body of water, a hollow inertial water tube depending from the hull and having a lower mouth open to the body of water, an upwardly tapering fluid-pressurization duct in fluid communication with the inertial water tube, a fluid conduit adapted to be fed by the upwardly tapering fluid-pressurization duct, a turbine runner positioned in the fluid conduit and configured to be turned by fluid pressurized by the upwardly tapering fluid-pressurization duct, an electrical generator configured to be energized by rotation of the turbine runner, a computer enclosure, a plurality of computers housed in the computer enclosure, and a local data antenna; and a remote data antenna; wherein the wave-to-computation converter is adapted to oscillate vertically and generate pressurized fluid flow in the fluid conduit when excited by waves in the body of water; wherein the plurality of computers is adapted to be energized by electricity yielded by the electrical generator in response to rotation of the turbine runner; and wherein the wave-to-computation converter is adapted to receive an electromagnetic encoding of data via the local data antenna, compute a functional result of received data using the plurality of computers, and transmit an electromagnetic encoding of said functional result to the remote data antenna. 38. The computational task-processing system of claim 37, further comprising a heat sink communicating heat from the plurality of computers to one of a wall of the fluid conduit and water flowing in the fluid conduit. 39. The computational task-processing system of claim 37, further comprising a propulsion system configured to propel the wave-to-computation converter in water. 40. An antenna-stabilizing buoyant computing cluster, comprising:
a hull having an upper deck surface; a propulsive system to relocate the antenna-stabilizing buoyant computing cluster; a hollow tubular structure rigidly depending from the hull and having a bottom mouth in fluid communication with an interior channel of the hollow tubular structure; an upwardly tapering fluid pressurization constriction in fluid communication with the interior channel of the hollow tubular structure; a fluid conduit fed by the upwardly tapering fluid pressurization constriction; a fluid-power-take-off apparatus fed by the fluid conduit; a plurality of computers affixed to one of the hull and the hollow tubular structure; an elevated antenna rigidly affixed to the upper deck surface and in electrical communication with the plurality of computers; wherein the antenna-stabilizing buoyant computing cluster is configured to float in a body of water with the upper deck surface and the elevated antenna raised above an upper surface of the body of water; wherein the upwardly tapering fluid pressurization constriction impels fluid to the fluid conduit when the antenna-stabilizing buoyant computing cluster oscillates in waves; and wherein the fluid-power-take-off apparatus energizes the plurality of computers when actuated by fluid impelled to the fluid conduit. 41. The antenna-stabilizing buoyant computing cluster of claim 40, wherein the upper deck surface is a solid metal deck. 42. The antenna-stabilizing buoyant computing cluster of claim 40, wherein the hollow tubular structure defines a cylindrical projection including a central region of the upper deck surface and portion of the elevated antenna is rigidly affixed to the upper deck surface within the cylindrical projection. 43. The antenna-stabilizing buoyant computing cluster claim 40, further comprising a heat sink communicating heat from the plurality of computers to one of a wall of the fluid conduit and water flowing in the fluid conduit. 44. A single-body fluidic computational task processing apparatus, comprising:
a fluid conduit having upper and lower sections; a hydrodynamic lifting hull fixedly attached to the fluid conduit, and surrounding an upper portion of the fluid conduit and from which depends a lower portion of the fluid conduit; a power-take-off fixedly positioned relative to the hydrodynamic lifting hull; a fluid turbine rotatably attached to the hydrodynamic lifting hull, and operably connected to the power take off; a plurality of computers fixedly attached to the hydrodynamic lifting hull; and a first propulsive system fixedly positioned relative to the hydrodynamic lifting hull; said hydrodynamic lifting hull adapted to float adjacent to an upper surface of a body of water over which waves pass; said lower portion of the fluid conduit having a tubular portion adapted to be submerged and having an approximately vertical orientation when the apparatus floats adjacent to the upper surface of the body of water; said lower portion of the fluid conduit further having an aperture through which water may flow into and out of the fluid conduit; said fluid conduit further having a constricting section whose cross-sectional area decreases with respect to fluid flowing in the fluid conduit in a direction away from the aperture and toward the upper portion of the fluid conduit; said fluid turbine rotating in response to fluid flowing in the fluid conduit; said power-take-off producing electrical power in response to rotation of the fluid turbine; said plurality of computers being energized by electrical power produced by the power-take-off; said plurality of computers executing computational tasks specified by encoded signals received by the apparatus; said plurality of computers producing computational results by the execution of computational tasks specified by encoded signals received by the apparatus; and said propulsive system moving the hydrodynamic lifting hull across the surface of the body of water. | 2,600 |
346,990 | 16,805,491 | 3,685 | The invention pertains to a computer server configured for digitization of a multi-party market order agreement and to communicate with a distributed ledger computer system that includes multiple computing nodes, each computing node configured to store at least a partial copy of a blockchain of the distributed ledger computer system. The computer server may comprise a give-up multi-party agreement (MA) platform for digitizing, reconciling and calculating a financial transaction on the MA platform. The server may include executing account references for a derivatives order. The server may include clearing account references for the derivatives order. Further, the server may reconciliate trading limits for the derivatives order. The server may undertake an interest computation. Finally, the server may reconciliate fees for the derivatives order, product exclusions and the legal language of the legal agreement MA. | 1. A computer server configured for digitization of a multi-party market order agreement and to communicate with a distributed ledger computer system that includes multiple computing nodes, each computing node configured to store at least a partial copy of a blockchain of the distributed ledger computer system, the computer server comprising:
a give-up multi-party agreement (MA) platform for digitizing, reconciling and calculating a financial transaction, the MA platform a) executing account references for a derivatives order; b) clearing account references for the derivatives order; c) reconciliating trading limits for the derivatives order; d) interest computation; and e) reconciliating of fees for the derivatives order; and f) the product exclusions; and g) the legal language of the said legal agreement MA 2. The computer server of claim 1 further comprising the MA for facilitating the trading of one of derivatives, futures contracts, securities and cryptocurrencies. 3. The computer server of claim 1 further comprising the MA platform providing an automated notarizing system and system for calculating trade fees. 4. The computer server of claim 3 wherein the notarizing system further comprising the step of providing a time stamp and output of a hash function for establishing proof of existence of the MA. 5. The computer server of claim 4 wherein the output of the hash function is published n times into a public or private blockchain where n is equal to the number of parties involved in the MA. 6. The computer server of claim 1 further comprising the MA platform providing fund settlement between parties to the MA and wherein the fund settlement may be one of atomic, gross and netted fund settlement. 7. The computer server of claim 1 wherein trade execution is handled by one of an executing broker, order passing broker and carrying broker. 8. The computer server of claim 1 providing verification steps that may occur by one of a pre-trade, at-trade, at-give-up, post-trade and at the same time as each of the preceding. 9. The computer server of claim 1 wherein the MA is processed by an exception engine and wherein a single company may act as one of or both the executing broker and clearing broker. 10. The computer server of claim 1 further comprising a balance stored for each MA transaction represented by cryptocurrency tokens or non-cryptocurrency tokens. 11. The computer server of claim 10 wherein the tokens may travel between one of customers, traders, executing brokers, clearing brokers and order passing brokers. 12. The computer server of claim 10, wherein at an end of a given trading period, the method further provides for a netted view of all payables and receivables across all participants using a digital asset or token that holds no money in order to account for each movement of funds that need to be operated on a trade by trade basis and wherein the computation of transaction fees includes execution fees, trade fees, clearing fees, commissions and exchange rates. 13. A method for creating, storing and executing a multi-party agreement (M A) including account references, trading limits and fees, the method comprising:
a first module for executing account references; a second module for clearing account references; a third module for reconciliation of trading limits; and a fourth module for reconciliation of fees, a graphical user interface to generate a record of the MA transaction that includes publishing a record of the MA transaction to a distributed multi-ledger platform having multiple nodes and automatically determining an outcome of the MA transaction by verifying the set of conditions against a validation source and wherein the MA transaction providing a time stamp and a cryptographic hash function for establishing proof of existence of the MA, the output of the hash function is published n times into a public or private distributed multi-ledger platform where n is equal to the number of parties involved in the MA. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising, executing the determination to add the record to the distributed multi-ledger platform via a consensus decision of the subset of the multiple nodes, wherein the consensus decision comprises: a validation of the cryptographic hash, associated with creation of the MA transaction, by the subset of the multiple nodes and a confirmation that the record of the MA transaction has not already been added to the distributed multi-ledger platform. 15. A system comprising:
at least one processor, a memory, operatively connected with the at least one processor, that stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one processing to execute a method for creating and executing a customized financial service transactions, the method comprising: receiving, through a graphical user interface that is presented to a party on a display of a party terminal, the customized financial service transaction, wherein the graphical user interface includes the following for creation of the customized financial service transaction: a first area for executing account references; a second area for clearing account references; a third area for reconciliation of trading limits; and a fourth area for reconciliation of fees and automatically determining an outcome of the customized financial service transaction by verifying the set of conditions against a validation source; and wherein a balance is stored for each customized financial service transaction represented by cryptocurrency tokens or non-cryptocurrency tokens and the tokens may travel between one of customers, traders, executing brokers, clearing brokers and order passing brokers. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the method, executed by the at least one processor, further comprises: a validation of a cryptographic hash, associated with creation of the customized financial service transaction, by the subset of the multiple nodes and a confirmation that the record of the customized financial service transaction has not already been added to the distributed multi-ledger platform. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the cryptographic hash comprises values generated based on specific data fields associated with the customized financial service transaction, and wherein the consensus decision comprises validation of a cryptographic puzzle associated with cryptographic hash and the output of the hash function is published n times into a public or private distributed multi-ledger platform where n is equal to the number of parties involved in the MA. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the record of the customized financial service transaction is in a format consumable by a verification engine that automatically determines the outcome based on the record. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the method, executed by the at least one processor, further comprises: adding a representation of the customized financial service transaction to a mobile wallet capable of tracking customized financial service transactions, wherein the representation includes a pointer to the record in the distributed multi-ledger platform and 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the distributed multi-ledger platform includes a private blockchain, a hybrid blockchain, or a public blockchain. | The invention pertains to a computer server configured for digitization of a multi-party market order agreement and to communicate with a distributed ledger computer system that includes multiple computing nodes, each computing node configured to store at least a partial copy of a blockchain of the distributed ledger computer system. The computer server may comprise a give-up multi-party agreement (MA) platform for digitizing, reconciling and calculating a financial transaction on the MA platform. The server may include executing account references for a derivatives order. The server may include clearing account references for the derivatives order. Further, the server may reconciliate trading limits for the derivatives order. The server may undertake an interest computation. Finally, the server may reconciliate fees for the derivatives order, product exclusions and the legal language of the legal agreement MA.1. A computer server configured for digitization of a multi-party market order agreement and to communicate with a distributed ledger computer system that includes multiple computing nodes, each computing node configured to store at least a partial copy of a blockchain of the distributed ledger computer system, the computer server comprising:
a give-up multi-party agreement (MA) platform for digitizing, reconciling and calculating a financial transaction, the MA platform a) executing account references for a derivatives order; b) clearing account references for the derivatives order; c) reconciliating trading limits for the derivatives order; d) interest computation; and e) reconciliating of fees for the derivatives order; and f) the product exclusions; and g) the legal language of the said legal agreement MA 2. The computer server of claim 1 further comprising the MA for facilitating the trading of one of derivatives, futures contracts, securities and cryptocurrencies. 3. The computer server of claim 1 further comprising the MA platform providing an automated notarizing system and system for calculating trade fees. 4. The computer server of claim 3 wherein the notarizing system further comprising the step of providing a time stamp and output of a hash function for establishing proof of existence of the MA. 5. The computer server of claim 4 wherein the output of the hash function is published n times into a public or private blockchain where n is equal to the number of parties involved in the MA. 6. The computer server of claim 1 further comprising the MA platform providing fund settlement between parties to the MA and wherein the fund settlement may be one of atomic, gross and netted fund settlement. 7. The computer server of claim 1 wherein trade execution is handled by one of an executing broker, order passing broker and carrying broker. 8. The computer server of claim 1 providing verification steps that may occur by one of a pre-trade, at-trade, at-give-up, post-trade and at the same time as each of the preceding. 9. The computer server of claim 1 wherein the MA is processed by an exception engine and wherein a single company may act as one of or both the executing broker and clearing broker. 10. The computer server of claim 1 further comprising a balance stored for each MA transaction represented by cryptocurrency tokens or non-cryptocurrency tokens. 11. The computer server of claim 10 wherein the tokens may travel between one of customers, traders, executing brokers, clearing brokers and order passing brokers. 12. The computer server of claim 10, wherein at an end of a given trading period, the method further provides for a netted view of all payables and receivables across all participants using a digital asset or token that holds no money in order to account for each movement of funds that need to be operated on a trade by trade basis and wherein the computation of transaction fees includes execution fees, trade fees, clearing fees, commissions and exchange rates. 13. A method for creating, storing and executing a multi-party agreement (M A) including account references, trading limits and fees, the method comprising:
a first module for executing account references; a second module for clearing account references; a third module for reconciliation of trading limits; and a fourth module for reconciliation of fees, a graphical user interface to generate a record of the MA transaction that includes publishing a record of the MA transaction to a distributed multi-ledger platform having multiple nodes and automatically determining an outcome of the MA transaction by verifying the set of conditions against a validation source and wherein the MA transaction providing a time stamp and a cryptographic hash function for establishing proof of existence of the MA, the output of the hash function is published n times into a public or private distributed multi-ledger platform where n is equal to the number of parties involved in the MA. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising, executing the determination to add the record to the distributed multi-ledger platform via a consensus decision of the subset of the multiple nodes, wherein the consensus decision comprises: a validation of the cryptographic hash, associated with creation of the MA transaction, by the subset of the multiple nodes and a confirmation that the record of the MA transaction has not already been added to the distributed multi-ledger platform. 15. A system comprising:
at least one processor, a memory, operatively connected with the at least one processor, that stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one processing to execute a method for creating and executing a customized financial service transactions, the method comprising: receiving, through a graphical user interface that is presented to a party on a display of a party terminal, the customized financial service transaction, wherein the graphical user interface includes the following for creation of the customized financial service transaction: a first area for executing account references; a second area for clearing account references; a third area for reconciliation of trading limits; and a fourth area for reconciliation of fees and automatically determining an outcome of the customized financial service transaction by verifying the set of conditions against a validation source; and wherein a balance is stored for each customized financial service transaction represented by cryptocurrency tokens or non-cryptocurrency tokens and the tokens may travel between one of customers, traders, executing brokers, clearing brokers and order passing brokers. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the method, executed by the at least one processor, further comprises: a validation of a cryptographic hash, associated with creation of the customized financial service transaction, by the subset of the multiple nodes and a confirmation that the record of the customized financial service transaction has not already been added to the distributed multi-ledger platform. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the cryptographic hash comprises values generated based on specific data fields associated with the customized financial service transaction, and wherein the consensus decision comprises validation of a cryptographic puzzle associated with cryptographic hash and the output of the hash function is published n times into a public or private distributed multi-ledger platform where n is equal to the number of parties involved in the MA. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the record of the customized financial service transaction is in a format consumable by a verification engine that automatically determines the outcome based on the record. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the method, executed by the at least one processor, further comprises: adding a representation of the customized financial service transaction to a mobile wallet capable of tracking customized financial service transactions, wherein the representation includes a pointer to the record in the distributed multi-ledger platform and 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the distributed multi-ledger platform includes a private blockchain, a hybrid blockchain, or a public blockchain. | 3,600 |
346,991 | 16,805,454 | 2,443 | Disclosed are methods, systems, and apparatus for the monitoring and maintenance of an automotive controller using a local device, a display device, a third-party device, a fleet-manager device, a technician device, and an administrative server. The local device is connected to the automotive controller and is wirelessly connected to the display device. The local device is connected to the technician device, and fleet manager device through an administrative server. The local device logs vehicle data generated by the automotive controller, and driver data input into display device. The third-party device may access HOS and RODs located on the local device through the display device. The fleet manager device receives vehicle and driver data through the administrative server and may allow remote repair by a technician device. | 1. A system for delivering information from a vehicle comprising:
an ECU resident in the vehicle; a first network connected to the ECU; a local device, connected to the ECU, through the first network; a second network; a display device, resident in the vehicle and connected to the local device through the second network; a set of processors; at least one processor of the set of processors resident in each of the ECU, the display device and the vehicle device; a set of memories, each memory of the set of memories operably connected to at least one processor of the set of processors; the set of memories including a set of instructions that, when executed, causes the system to perform the steps of:
generating, by the display device, a first vehicle data request;
receiving, at the local device, the first vehicle data request over the second network;
retrieving, by the local device, a set of status data related to the vehicle, from the ECU, over the first network;
sending, by the local device to the display device, the set of status data, over the second network; and,
displaying, by the display device, the set of status data. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the step of generating occurs at a predetermined refresh rate. 3. The system of claim 1 wherein the step of generating includes generating a request for a live data feed. 4. The system of claim 1 wherein the first network is hardwired and the second network is wireless. 5. The system of claim 1 wherein the set of status data is carbon emissions data. 6. The system of claim 1 wherein the set of data includes a record of duty and an hours of operation value. 7. The system of claim 1 wherein the set of data includes one of the group of a speed, an engine coolant temperature, an RPM value and an error code. 8. A system for delivering information from a vehicle comprising:
an ECU resident in the vehicle; a local device, connected to the ECU through a first network; a display device, connected to the local device through a second network; a set of processors; at least one processor of the set of processors located in each of the local device and the display device; a set of memories; each memory of the set of memories operably connected to at least one processor of the set of processors; the set of memories including a set of instructions, that when executed, causes the system to perform the steps of:
generating, by the display device an ELD mode request;
sending, from the display device to the local device, the ELD mode request through the second network;
entering an ELD mode by the local device;
establishing a live data feed, from the ECU to the local device, through the first network;
recording, at the local device, live data from the live data feed; and,
sending, from the local device to the display, the live data feed, through the second network. 9. The system of claim 8 wherein the local device further comprises a data buffer and the set of instructions further comprise instructions, that when executed, cause the system to store the live data feed in the buffer. 10. The system of claim 8 further comprising instructions, of the set of instructions, resident in the set of memories, that when executed, cause the system to perform the step of:
creating, by the local device, a log of hours of service and a record of duty from the live data feed. 11. The system of claim 8 further comprising instructions, of the set of instructions, resident in the set of memories, that when executed, cause the system to perform the step of:
generating, at the local device, a request for driver status;
sending, from the local device to the display device, the request for driver status through the second network;
displaying, at the display device, the request for driver status;
receiving, at the display device, an input related to the request for driver status;
sending, by the display device to the local device, the input related to the request for driver status, through the second network; and,
logging, by the local device, the input related to the request for driver status. 12. The system of claim 8 further comprising:
an administrative server, having a processor of the set of processors, connected to a memory of the set of memories,
the administrative server connected to the local device, through a third network; and,
instructions, of the set of instructions, resident in the set of memories, that when executed, cause the system to perform the steps of:
sending, from the local device to the administrative server, the ELD request, through the third network;
generating an ELD request approval at the administrative server;
sending the ELD request approval from the administrative server to the local device, through the third network. 13. The system of claim 8 further comprising:
an administrative server, having a processor of the set of processors, the processor connected to a memory of the set of memories,
the administrative server connected to the local device, through a third network; and,
instructions, of the set of instructions, resident in the set of memories, that when executed, cause the system to perform the step of:
sending, from the display device to the administrative server, the ELD request, through the third network;
generating an ELD request approval at the administrative server;
sending the ELD request approval from the administrative server to the display device, through the third network; and,
sending, from the display device to the local device, an enabling signal related to the ELD request approval. 14. A system for delivering information from a vehicle comprises:
an ECU resident in the vehicle; a local device, connected to the ECU through a first network; a display device, connected to the local device through a second network; a third party device, connected to the local device through a third network; a set of processors; at least one processor of the set of processors located in each of the local device, the display device and the third party device; a set of memories; each memory of the set of memories operably connected to at least one processor of the set of processors; the set of memories including a set of instructions, that when executed, causes the system to perform the steps of:
receiving, at the display device, an ELD report request;
sending, from the display device to the local device, the ELD report request through the second network;
generating, at the local device, an ELD report;
sending, from the local device to the display device, the ELD report through the second network;
receiving, at the display device, a share selection; and,
sending, from the display device to the third party device, the ELD report, through the third network. 15. A system for decoding information from a vehicle comprising:
an ECU resident in the vehicle; a local device, connected to the ECU through a first network; a display device, connected to the local device through a second network; a third party device connected to the local device through a third network; a set of processors; at least one processor of the set of processors located in each of the local device, the display device and the third party device; a set of memories; each memory of the set of memories operably connected to at least one processor of the set of processors; the set of memories including a set of instructions, that when executed, causes the system to perform the steps of:
receiving, at the third party device, an ELD report request, through the third network;
sending, from the third party device to the local device, the ELD report request, through the third network;
generating, at the local device, an ELD report;
sending, from the local device to the third party device, the ELD report; and,
recording, at the third party device, the ELD report. 16. A system for delivering information from a vehicle comprising:
an ECU resident in the vehicle; a local device, connected to the ECU through a first network; a display device, connected to the local device through a second network; an administrative server, operably connected to the local device, through a third network; a fleet manager device, operably connected to the administrative server, through the third network; a set of processors; at least one processor of the set of processors located in each of the local device, the display device, the administrative server, and the fleet manager device; a set of memories; each memory of the set of memories operably connected to at least one processor of the set of processors; the set of memories including a set of instructions, that when executed, causes the system to perform the steps of:
sending, from the fleet manager device to the administrative server, a request for a data set, through the third network;
approving, at the administrative server, the request for the data set;
sending, from the administrative server to the local device, the request for the data set, through the third network;
filtering, by the local device, a set of logged data, to generate the data set;
sending the data set, from the local device to the administrative server, through the third network; and,
sending the data set from the administrative server to the fleet manager device, through the third network. 17. The system of claim 16 wherein the data set further comprises one of the group of an error code, a set of carbon emissions data, average MPG, average MPH, hours of service, a record of duty and a set of live vehicle data. 18. The system of claim 16 wherein the set of instructions further comprise instructions, that when executed, cause the system to perform the steps of:
sending, from the fleet manager device to the administrative server, an access request signal through the third network;
processing a payment related to the access request signal at the administrative server;
generating, at the administrative server, an approval signal related to the payment; and,
sending, from the administrative server to the fleet manager device, the approval signal, through the third network. 19. A system for delivering information from a vehicle comprising:
an ECU resident in the vehicle; a local device, connected to the ECU through a first network; a display device, connected to the local device through a second network; an administrative server, operably connected to the local device, through a third network; a fleet manager device, operably connected to the administrative server, through the third network; a set of processors; at least one processor of the set of processors located in each of the local device, the display device, the administrative server, and the fleet manager device; a set of memories; each memory of the set of memories operably connected to at least one processor of the set of processors; the set of memories including a set of instructions, that when executed, causes the system to perform the steps of:
sending, from the fleet manager device to the administrative server, a request for a data set, through the third network;
approving, at the administrative server, the request for a data set;
sending, from the administrative server to the display device, the request for the data set through the third network;
sending, from the display device to the local device, the request for the data set through the second network;
filtering, by the local device, a set of logged data to generate the data set;
sending the data set from the local device to the display device, through the second network;
sending the data set from the display device to the administrative server, through the third network; and,
sending the data set from the administrative server to the fleet manager device, through the third network. 20. The system of claim 19 wherein the data set further comprises one of the group of an error code, a set of carbon emissions data, average MPG, average MPH, hours of service, a record of duty and a set of live vehicle data. 21. The system of claim 19 wherein the set of instructions further comprise instructions, that when executed, cause the system to perform the steps of:
sending, from the fleet manager device to the administrative server, an access request signal, through the third network;
processing a payment related to the access request signal, at the administrative server;
generating, at the administrative server, an approval signal related to the payment; and,
sending, from the administrative server to the fleet manager device, the approval signal, through the third network. 22. A system for receiving information from a vehicle comprising:
an ECU resident in the vehicle; a local device, connected to the ECU, through a first network; an administrative server, connected to the local device, through a second network; a fleet manager device, connected to the administrative server, through the second network; a technician device, connected to the administrative server, through the second network; a set of processors; at least one processor of the set of processors located in each of the local device, the administrative server, the fleet manager device and the technician device; a set of memories; each memory of the set of memories operably connected to at least one processor of the set of processors; the set of memories including a set of instructions, that when executed, causes the system to perform the steps of:
receiving an error code at the local device, through the first network;
logging the error code at the local device;
sending the error code, from the local device, to the administrative server, through the second network;
sending the error code, from the administrative server to the fleet manager device, through the second network;
sending a service request signal, related to the error code, from the fleet manager to the administrative server, through the second network;
generating, at the fleet manager device, a technician approval signal;
sending, the technician approval signal from the fleet manager device to the administrative server, through the second network;
receiving, at the technician device a request for a set of vehicle data;
sending, from the technician device to the administrative server, the request for the set of vehicle data, through the second network;
sending, from the administrative server to the local device, the request for the set of vehicle data, through the second network;
filtering, at the local device, a set of logged data to derive the set of vehicle data;
sending, from the local device to the administrative server, the set of vehicle data through the second network; and,
sending, from the administrative server to the technician device, the set of vehicle data, through the second network. 23. The system of claim 22 further comprising:
a display device, connected to the local device through a third network;
the display device having a processor of the set of processors, the processor connected to a memory of the set of memories; and,
wherein the set of instructions further comprise instructions, that when executed, cause the system to perform the steps of sending, from the local device to the display device, the error code, through the third network; and,
displaying the error code at the display device. 24. A system for receiving information from a vehicle comprising:
an ECU resident in the vehicle; a local device, connected to the ECU through a first network; a display device, connected to the local device through a second network; an administrative server, connected to the display device through a third network; a fleet manager device, connected to the administrative server through the third network; a technician device, connected to the administrative server through the third network; a set of processors; at least one processor of the set of processors located in each of the local device, the display device, the administrative server, the fleet manager device and the technician device; a set of memories; each memory of the set of memories operably connected to at least one processor of the set of processors; the set of memories including a set of instructions, that when executed, causes the system to perform the steps of:
receiving an error code at the local device through the first network;
logging the error code at the local device;
sending the error code, from the local device to the display device, through the second network;
sending the error code, from the display device, to the administrative server, through the third network;
sending the error code from the administrative server to the fleet manager device, through the third network;
sending a service request signal, from the fleet manager to the administrative server, through the third network;
generating, at the fleet manager device, a technician approval signal;
sending, the technician approval signal from the fleet manager device to the administrative server, through the third network;
sending, from the administrative server to the display device, the request for the set of vehicle data, through the third network;
sending, from the display device to the local device, the request for the set of vehicle data, through the third network;
filtering, at the local device, a set of logged data to derive the set of vehicle data;
sending, from the local device to the display device, the set of vehicle data, through the third network;
sending, from the display device to the administrative server, the set of vehicle data, through the third network; and,
sending, from the administrative server to the technician device, the set of vehicle data, through the third network. 25. The system of claim 24 wherein the set of instructions further comprise instructions, when executed cause the system to perform the steps of:
receiving, at the technician device a request for a set of vehicle data; and,
sending, from the technician device to the administrative server, the request for the set of vehicle data. | Disclosed are methods, systems, and apparatus for the monitoring and maintenance of an automotive controller using a local device, a display device, a third-party device, a fleet-manager device, a technician device, and an administrative server. The local device is connected to the automotive controller and is wirelessly connected to the display device. The local device is connected to the technician device, and fleet manager device through an administrative server. The local device logs vehicle data generated by the automotive controller, and driver data input into display device. The third-party device may access HOS and RODs located on the local device through the display device. The fleet manager device receives vehicle and driver data through the administrative server and may allow remote repair by a technician device.1. A system for delivering information from a vehicle comprising:
an ECU resident in the vehicle; a first network connected to the ECU; a local device, connected to the ECU, through the first network; a second network; a display device, resident in the vehicle and connected to the local device through the second network; a set of processors; at least one processor of the set of processors resident in each of the ECU, the display device and the vehicle device; a set of memories, each memory of the set of memories operably connected to at least one processor of the set of processors; the set of memories including a set of instructions that, when executed, causes the system to perform the steps of:
generating, by the display device, a first vehicle data request;
receiving, at the local device, the first vehicle data request over the second network;
retrieving, by the local device, a set of status data related to the vehicle, from the ECU, over the first network;
sending, by the local device to the display device, the set of status data, over the second network; and,
displaying, by the display device, the set of status data. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the step of generating occurs at a predetermined refresh rate. 3. The system of claim 1 wherein the step of generating includes generating a request for a live data feed. 4. The system of claim 1 wherein the first network is hardwired and the second network is wireless. 5. The system of claim 1 wherein the set of status data is carbon emissions data. 6. The system of claim 1 wherein the set of data includes a record of duty and an hours of operation value. 7. The system of claim 1 wherein the set of data includes one of the group of a speed, an engine coolant temperature, an RPM value and an error code. 8. A system for delivering information from a vehicle comprising:
an ECU resident in the vehicle; a local device, connected to the ECU through a first network; a display device, connected to the local device through a second network; a set of processors; at least one processor of the set of processors located in each of the local device and the display device; a set of memories; each memory of the set of memories operably connected to at least one processor of the set of processors; the set of memories including a set of instructions, that when executed, causes the system to perform the steps of:
generating, by the display device an ELD mode request;
sending, from the display device to the local device, the ELD mode request through the second network;
entering an ELD mode by the local device;
establishing a live data feed, from the ECU to the local device, through the first network;
recording, at the local device, live data from the live data feed; and,
sending, from the local device to the display, the live data feed, through the second network. 9. The system of claim 8 wherein the local device further comprises a data buffer and the set of instructions further comprise instructions, that when executed, cause the system to store the live data feed in the buffer. 10. The system of claim 8 further comprising instructions, of the set of instructions, resident in the set of memories, that when executed, cause the system to perform the step of:
creating, by the local device, a log of hours of service and a record of duty from the live data feed. 11. The system of claim 8 further comprising instructions, of the set of instructions, resident in the set of memories, that when executed, cause the system to perform the step of:
generating, at the local device, a request for driver status;
sending, from the local device to the display device, the request for driver status through the second network;
displaying, at the display device, the request for driver status;
receiving, at the display device, an input related to the request for driver status;
sending, by the display device to the local device, the input related to the request for driver status, through the second network; and,
logging, by the local device, the input related to the request for driver status. 12. The system of claim 8 further comprising:
an administrative server, having a processor of the set of processors, connected to a memory of the set of memories,
the administrative server connected to the local device, through a third network; and,
instructions, of the set of instructions, resident in the set of memories, that when executed, cause the system to perform the steps of:
sending, from the local device to the administrative server, the ELD request, through the third network;
generating an ELD request approval at the administrative server;
sending the ELD request approval from the administrative server to the local device, through the third network. 13. The system of claim 8 further comprising:
an administrative server, having a processor of the set of processors, the processor connected to a memory of the set of memories,
the administrative server connected to the local device, through a third network; and,
instructions, of the set of instructions, resident in the set of memories, that when executed, cause the system to perform the step of:
sending, from the display device to the administrative server, the ELD request, through the third network;
generating an ELD request approval at the administrative server;
sending the ELD request approval from the administrative server to the display device, through the third network; and,
sending, from the display device to the local device, an enabling signal related to the ELD request approval. 14. A system for delivering information from a vehicle comprises:
an ECU resident in the vehicle; a local device, connected to the ECU through a first network; a display device, connected to the local device through a second network; a third party device, connected to the local device through a third network; a set of processors; at least one processor of the set of processors located in each of the local device, the display device and the third party device; a set of memories; each memory of the set of memories operably connected to at least one processor of the set of processors; the set of memories including a set of instructions, that when executed, causes the system to perform the steps of:
receiving, at the display device, an ELD report request;
sending, from the display device to the local device, the ELD report request through the second network;
generating, at the local device, an ELD report;
sending, from the local device to the display device, the ELD report through the second network;
receiving, at the display device, a share selection; and,
sending, from the display device to the third party device, the ELD report, through the third network. 15. A system for decoding information from a vehicle comprising:
an ECU resident in the vehicle; a local device, connected to the ECU through a first network; a display device, connected to the local device through a second network; a third party device connected to the local device through a third network; a set of processors; at least one processor of the set of processors located in each of the local device, the display device and the third party device; a set of memories; each memory of the set of memories operably connected to at least one processor of the set of processors; the set of memories including a set of instructions, that when executed, causes the system to perform the steps of:
receiving, at the third party device, an ELD report request, through the third network;
sending, from the third party device to the local device, the ELD report request, through the third network;
generating, at the local device, an ELD report;
sending, from the local device to the third party device, the ELD report; and,
recording, at the third party device, the ELD report. 16. A system for delivering information from a vehicle comprising:
an ECU resident in the vehicle; a local device, connected to the ECU through a first network; a display device, connected to the local device through a second network; an administrative server, operably connected to the local device, through a third network; a fleet manager device, operably connected to the administrative server, through the third network; a set of processors; at least one processor of the set of processors located in each of the local device, the display device, the administrative server, and the fleet manager device; a set of memories; each memory of the set of memories operably connected to at least one processor of the set of processors; the set of memories including a set of instructions, that when executed, causes the system to perform the steps of:
sending, from the fleet manager device to the administrative server, a request for a data set, through the third network;
approving, at the administrative server, the request for the data set;
sending, from the administrative server to the local device, the request for the data set, through the third network;
filtering, by the local device, a set of logged data, to generate the data set;
sending the data set, from the local device to the administrative server, through the third network; and,
sending the data set from the administrative server to the fleet manager device, through the third network. 17. The system of claim 16 wherein the data set further comprises one of the group of an error code, a set of carbon emissions data, average MPG, average MPH, hours of service, a record of duty and a set of live vehicle data. 18. The system of claim 16 wherein the set of instructions further comprise instructions, that when executed, cause the system to perform the steps of:
sending, from the fleet manager device to the administrative server, an access request signal through the third network;
processing a payment related to the access request signal at the administrative server;
generating, at the administrative server, an approval signal related to the payment; and,
sending, from the administrative server to the fleet manager device, the approval signal, through the third network. 19. A system for delivering information from a vehicle comprising:
an ECU resident in the vehicle; a local device, connected to the ECU through a first network; a display device, connected to the local device through a second network; an administrative server, operably connected to the local device, through a third network; a fleet manager device, operably connected to the administrative server, through the third network; a set of processors; at least one processor of the set of processors located in each of the local device, the display device, the administrative server, and the fleet manager device; a set of memories; each memory of the set of memories operably connected to at least one processor of the set of processors; the set of memories including a set of instructions, that when executed, causes the system to perform the steps of:
sending, from the fleet manager device to the administrative server, a request for a data set, through the third network;
approving, at the administrative server, the request for a data set;
sending, from the administrative server to the display device, the request for the data set through the third network;
sending, from the display device to the local device, the request for the data set through the second network;
filtering, by the local device, a set of logged data to generate the data set;
sending the data set from the local device to the display device, through the second network;
sending the data set from the display device to the administrative server, through the third network; and,
sending the data set from the administrative server to the fleet manager device, through the third network. 20. The system of claim 19 wherein the data set further comprises one of the group of an error code, a set of carbon emissions data, average MPG, average MPH, hours of service, a record of duty and a set of live vehicle data. 21. The system of claim 19 wherein the set of instructions further comprise instructions, that when executed, cause the system to perform the steps of:
sending, from the fleet manager device to the administrative server, an access request signal, through the third network;
processing a payment related to the access request signal, at the administrative server;
generating, at the administrative server, an approval signal related to the payment; and,
sending, from the administrative server to the fleet manager device, the approval signal, through the third network. 22. A system for receiving information from a vehicle comprising:
an ECU resident in the vehicle; a local device, connected to the ECU, through a first network; an administrative server, connected to the local device, through a second network; a fleet manager device, connected to the administrative server, through the second network; a technician device, connected to the administrative server, through the second network; a set of processors; at least one processor of the set of processors located in each of the local device, the administrative server, the fleet manager device and the technician device; a set of memories; each memory of the set of memories operably connected to at least one processor of the set of processors; the set of memories including a set of instructions, that when executed, causes the system to perform the steps of:
receiving an error code at the local device, through the first network;
logging the error code at the local device;
sending the error code, from the local device, to the administrative server, through the second network;
sending the error code, from the administrative server to the fleet manager device, through the second network;
sending a service request signal, related to the error code, from the fleet manager to the administrative server, through the second network;
generating, at the fleet manager device, a technician approval signal;
sending, the technician approval signal from the fleet manager device to the administrative server, through the second network;
receiving, at the technician device a request for a set of vehicle data;
sending, from the technician device to the administrative server, the request for the set of vehicle data, through the second network;
sending, from the administrative server to the local device, the request for the set of vehicle data, through the second network;
filtering, at the local device, a set of logged data to derive the set of vehicle data;
sending, from the local device to the administrative server, the set of vehicle data through the second network; and,
sending, from the administrative server to the technician device, the set of vehicle data, through the second network. 23. The system of claim 22 further comprising:
a display device, connected to the local device through a third network;
the display device having a processor of the set of processors, the processor connected to a memory of the set of memories; and,
wherein the set of instructions further comprise instructions, that when executed, cause the system to perform the steps of sending, from the local device to the display device, the error code, through the third network; and,
displaying the error code at the display device. 24. A system for receiving information from a vehicle comprising:
an ECU resident in the vehicle; a local device, connected to the ECU through a first network; a display device, connected to the local device through a second network; an administrative server, connected to the display device through a third network; a fleet manager device, connected to the administrative server through the third network; a technician device, connected to the administrative server through the third network; a set of processors; at least one processor of the set of processors located in each of the local device, the display device, the administrative server, the fleet manager device and the technician device; a set of memories; each memory of the set of memories operably connected to at least one processor of the set of processors; the set of memories including a set of instructions, that when executed, causes the system to perform the steps of:
receiving an error code at the local device through the first network;
logging the error code at the local device;
sending the error code, from the local device to the display device, through the second network;
sending the error code, from the display device, to the administrative server, through the third network;
sending the error code from the administrative server to the fleet manager device, through the third network;
sending a service request signal, from the fleet manager to the administrative server, through the third network;
generating, at the fleet manager device, a technician approval signal;
sending, the technician approval signal from the fleet manager device to the administrative server, through the third network;
sending, from the administrative server to the display device, the request for the set of vehicle data, through the third network;
sending, from the display device to the local device, the request for the set of vehicle data, through the third network;
filtering, at the local device, a set of logged data to derive the set of vehicle data;
sending, from the local device to the display device, the set of vehicle data, through the third network;
sending, from the display device to the administrative server, the set of vehicle data, through the third network; and,
sending, from the administrative server to the technician device, the set of vehicle data, through the third network. 25. The system of claim 24 wherein the set of instructions further comprise instructions, when executed cause the system to perform the steps of:
receiving, at the technician device a request for a set of vehicle data; and,
sending, from the technician device to the administrative server, the request for the set of vehicle data. | 2,400 |
346,992 | 16,805,445 | 2,443 | The invention relates to gene polymorphisms and genetic profiles associated with an elevated or a reduced risk of a complement cascade dysregulation disease such as AMD. The invention provides methods and reagents for determination of risk, diagnosis and treatment of such diseases. In an embodiment, the present invention provides methods and reagents for determining sequence variants in the genome of an individual which facilitate assessment of risk for developing such diseases. | 1. (canceled) 2. A method of determining an individual's risk of development or progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) comprising screening for the presence or absence of a genetic profile characterized by polymorphisms in the genome of the individual associated with risk for or protection against AMD, wherein the presence of a said genetic profile is indicative of the individual's relative risk of AMD, wherein the genetic profile comprises at least one polymorphism selected from Table 1 or Table 1A. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the genetic profile comprises at least one polymorphism selected from Table 1. 4. A method according to claim 2 comprising screening for at least two of said polymorphisms. 5-6. (canceled) 7. A method according to claim 2, comprising screening for a combination of at least one predisposing polymorphism and at least one protective polymorphism. 8. A method according to claim 2, comprising screening additionally for genomic deletions associated with AMD risk or AMD protection. 9. A method according to claim 2, comprising screening for one or more additional predisposing or protective polymorphisms in the genome of said individual. 10. The method of claim 9, comprising screening for an additional polymorphism selected from the group consisting a polymorphism in ex on 22 of CFH (R 121 OC), rs2511989, rs1061170, rs203674, rs1061147, rs2274700, rs12097550, rs203674, rs9427661, rs9427662, rs10490924,rs11200638, rs2230199,rs800292,rs3766404,rs529825,rs641153,rs4151667, rs547154,rs9332739,rs3753395,rs1410996,rs393955,rs403846,rs1329421,rs10801554, rs12144939, rs12124794, rs2284664, rs16840422, and rs6695321. 11. The method of claim 9, comprising screening for an additional polymorphism selected from Table 3, or an additional polymorphism selected from Table 4, or two additional polymorphisms, one selected from Table 3 and the other selected from Table 4. 12. (canceled) 13. A method according to claim 2, wherein the screening step is conducted by inspecting a data set indicative of genetic characteristics previously derived from analysis of the individual's genome. 14. A method according to claim 2, wherein the screening comprises analyzing a sample of said individual's DNA or RNA. 15. A method according to claim 2, wherein the screening comprises analyzing a sample of said individual's proteome to detect an isoform encoded by an allelic variant in a protein thereof consequent of the presence of a said polymorphism in said individual's genome or sequencing selected portions of the genome or transcriptome of said individual. 16. A method according to claim 2, wherein the screening comprises combining a nucleic acid sample from the subject with one or more polynucleotide probes capable of hybridizing selectively to DNA or RNA comprising a said polymorphism in a said genomic region. 17. (canceled) 18. A method according to claim 2, wherein said individual is determined to be at risk of developing AMD symptoms, comprising the additional step of prophylactically or therapeutically treating said individual to inhibit development thereof. 19. A method according to claim 2, comprising the further step of producing a report identifying the individual and the identity of the alleles at the sites of said one or more polymorphisms. 20. A method for treating or slowing the onset of AMD, the method comprising prophylactically or therapeutically treating an individual identified as having a genetic profile characterized by polymorphisms in the genome of the individual indicative of risk for developing AMD, wherein the presence of a said genetic profile is indicative of the individual's risk of developing AMD, wherein the genetic profile comprises at least one polymorphism selected from Table 1 or 1A. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the genetic profile comprises at least one polymorphism selected from Table 1. 22. The method of claim 20, comprising administering a factor H polypeptide to the individual. 23. (canceled) 24. A method according to claim 20, comprising inhibiting HTRA1 expression or activity in the individual. 25. The method of claim 24, comprising administering an antibody that binds HTRA1 or administering a nucleic acid inhibiting HTRA1 expression or activity. 26-27. (canceled) 28. A set of detectably labeled oligonucleotide probes for hybridization with at least two polymorphisms for identification of the base present in the individual's genome at the sites of said at least two polymorphisms, wherein the polymorphisms are selected from Table 1 and/or Table 1A. 29. (canceled) | The invention relates to gene polymorphisms and genetic profiles associated with an elevated or a reduced risk of a complement cascade dysregulation disease such as AMD. The invention provides methods and reagents for determination of risk, diagnosis and treatment of such diseases. In an embodiment, the present invention provides methods and reagents for determining sequence variants in the genome of an individual which facilitate assessment of risk for developing such diseases.1. (canceled) 2. A method of determining an individual's risk of development or progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) comprising screening for the presence or absence of a genetic profile characterized by polymorphisms in the genome of the individual associated with risk for or protection against AMD, wherein the presence of a said genetic profile is indicative of the individual's relative risk of AMD, wherein the genetic profile comprises at least one polymorphism selected from Table 1 or Table 1A. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the genetic profile comprises at least one polymorphism selected from Table 1. 4. A method according to claim 2 comprising screening for at least two of said polymorphisms. 5-6. (canceled) 7. A method according to claim 2, comprising screening for a combination of at least one predisposing polymorphism and at least one protective polymorphism. 8. A method according to claim 2, comprising screening additionally for genomic deletions associated with AMD risk or AMD protection. 9. A method according to claim 2, comprising screening for one or more additional predisposing or protective polymorphisms in the genome of said individual. 10. The method of claim 9, comprising screening for an additional polymorphism selected from the group consisting a polymorphism in ex on 22 of CFH (R 121 OC), rs2511989, rs1061170, rs203674, rs1061147, rs2274700, rs12097550, rs203674, rs9427661, rs9427662, rs10490924,rs11200638, rs2230199,rs800292,rs3766404,rs529825,rs641153,rs4151667, rs547154,rs9332739,rs3753395,rs1410996,rs393955,rs403846,rs1329421,rs10801554, rs12144939, rs12124794, rs2284664, rs16840422, and rs6695321. 11. The method of claim 9, comprising screening for an additional polymorphism selected from Table 3, or an additional polymorphism selected from Table 4, or two additional polymorphisms, one selected from Table 3 and the other selected from Table 4. 12. (canceled) 13. A method according to claim 2, wherein the screening step is conducted by inspecting a data set indicative of genetic characteristics previously derived from analysis of the individual's genome. 14. A method according to claim 2, wherein the screening comprises analyzing a sample of said individual's DNA or RNA. 15. A method according to claim 2, wherein the screening comprises analyzing a sample of said individual's proteome to detect an isoform encoded by an allelic variant in a protein thereof consequent of the presence of a said polymorphism in said individual's genome or sequencing selected portions of the genome or transcriptome of said individual. 16. A method according to claim 2, wherein the screening comprises combining a nucleic acid sample from the subject with one or more polynucleotide probes capable of hybridizing selectively to DNA or RNA comprising a said polymorphism in a said genomic region. 17. (canceled) 18. A method according to claim 2, wherein said individual is determined to be at risk of developing AMD symptoms, comprising the additional step of prophylactically or therapeutically treating said individual to inhibit development thereof. 19. A method according to claim 2, comprising the further step of producing a report identifying the individual and the identity of the alleles at the sites of said one or more polymorphisms. 20. A method for treating or slowing the onset of AMD, the method comprising prophylactically or therapeutically treating an individual identified as having a genetic profile characterized by polymorphisms in the genome of the individual indicative of risk for developing AMD, wherein the presence of a said genetic profile is indicative of the individual's risk of developing AMD, wherein the genetic profile comprises at least one polymorphism selected from Table 1 or 1A. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the genetic profile comprises at least one polymorphism selected from Table 1. 22. The method of claim 20, comprising administering a factor H polypeptide to the individual. 23. (canceled) 24. A method according to claim 20, comprising inhibiting HTRA1 expression or activity in the individual. 25. The method of claim 24, comprising administering an antibody that binds HTRA1 or administering a nucleic acid inhibiting HTRA1 expression or activity. 26-27. (canceled) 28. A set of detectably labeled oligonucleotide probes for hybridization with at least two polymorphisms for identification of the base present in the individual's genome at the sites of said at least two polymorphisms, wherein the polymorphisms are selected from Table 1 and/or Table 1A. 29. (canceled) | 2,400 |
346,993 | 16,805,425 | 2,443 | A method for administration of an IgG preparation by an intradermal (ID) route to a subject includes loading with a volume of the IgG preparation an ID delivery device including needles, applying the device to a skin delivery site, using the device to allow dermal penetration of the needles, delivering the volume of the IgG preparation at the skin delivery site, and removing the injection delivery device. The method can be used in the treatment of a disease, such as an immunodeficiency. | 1. A method for treating a disease selected from the group consisting of an immunodeficiency, a disease of autoimmune origin, or combinations thereof in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising:
administering a pooled human plasma-derived WIG antibody preparation to the patient using an ID delivery device comprising needles, wherein the ID delivery device is applied to a skin delivery site to allow dermal penetration of the needles such that the pooled human plasma-derived WIG antibody preparation is delivered at the skin delivery site, wherein the pooled human plasma-derived WIG antibody preparation is about 2 mL to about 8 mL in volume with a pH of about 4.5 to about 8.0, and has immunoglobulin concentration of about 15% to about 30% (w/v). 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the subject is a pediatric patient. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the subject is a non-pediatric patient. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the immunodeficiency is one of a primary immunodeficiency, a secondary immunodeficiency or an acquired immunodeficiency. | A method for administration of an IgG preparation by an intradermal (ID) route to a subject includes loading with a volume of the IgG preparation an ID delivery device including needles, applying the device to a skin delivery site, using the device to allow dermal penetration of the needles, delivering the volume of the IgG preparation at the skin delivery site, and removing the injection delivery device. The method can be used in the treatment of a disease, such as an immunodeficiency.1. A method for treating a disease selected from the group consisting of an immunodeficiency, a disease of autoimmune origin, or combinations thereof in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising:
administering a pooled human plasma-derived WIG antibody preparation to the patient using an ID delivery device comprising needles, wherein the ID delivery device is applied to a skin delivery site to allow dermal penetration of the needles such that the pooled human plasma-derived WIG antibody preparation is delivered at the skin delivery site, wherein the pooled human plasma-derived WIG antibody preparation is about 2 mL to about 8 mL in volume with a pH of about 4.5 to about 8.0, and has immunoglobulin concentration of about 15% to about 30% (w/v). 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the subject is a pediatric patient. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the subject is a non-pediatric patient. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the immunodeficiency is one of a primary immunodeficiency, a secondary immunodeficiency or an acquired immunodeficiency. | 2,400 |
346,994 | 16,805,423 | 2,443 | Provided are a novel peptide compound, a method of producing the same, and use of the peptide compound. Since the peptide compound has anticancer activity, the peptide compound may be used for the prevention or treatment of cancer. | 1. A method of preventing or treating cancer, the method comprising administering a pharmaceutical composition into an individual, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a peptide compound represented by Formula 1 or an isomer, a derivative, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the peptide compound: 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the peptide compound is represented by Formula 2: 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the compound represented by Formula 2 is represented by Formula 3 or 4: 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is lung cancer, colon cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, or breast cancer. 5. The method of claim 1, the method further comprises administering an anticancer drug into the individual. | Provided are a novel peptide compound, a method of producing the same, and use of the peptide compound. Since the peptide compound has anticancer activity, the peptide compound may be used for the prevention or treatment of cancer.1. A method of preventing or treating cancer, the method comprising administering a pharmaceutical composition into an individual, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a peptide compound represented by Formula 1 or an isomer, a derivative, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the peptide compound: 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the peptide compound is represented by Formula 2: 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the compound represented by Formula 2 is represented by Formula 3 or 4: 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is lung cancer, colon cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, or breast cancer. 5. The method of claim 1, the method further comprises administering an anticancer drug into the individual. | 2,400 |
346,995 | 16,805,482 | 2,443 | A spray apparatus having a feed conduit, and a stabilizing member having a stabilizing mounting plate and a stabilizing conduit, wherein the stabilizing conduit receives the feed conduit, wherein the feed conduit is configured to rotationally engage the stabilizing conduit, and wherein the spray apparatus is configured to mount to a manway port of a storage tank. | 1. A spray apparatus comprising:
a feed conduit, and a stabilizing member comprising a stabilizing mounting plate and a stabilizing conduit, wherein the stabilizing conduit receives the feed conduit, wherein the feed conduit is configured to rotationally engage the stabilizing conduit, and wherein the stabilizing mounting plate is configured to mount to a manway port of a sludge storage tank. 2. The spray apparatus of claim 1 wherein the feed conduit comprises an exterior stop protruding beyond the exterior surface of the feed conduit, wherein the exterior stop is positioned on a portion of the feed conduit extending into the exterior of the sludge storage tank. 3. The spray apparatus of claim 1 wherein the feed conduit comprises an interior stop protruding beyond the exterior surface of the feed conduit, wherein the interior stop is positioned on a portion of the feed conduit extending into the interior of the sludge storage tank. 4. The spray apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a feed extension. 5. The spray apparatus of claim 1 wherein the feed conduit comprises a spray nozzle. 6. The spray apparatus of claim 1 wherein the stabilizing member comprises a stabilizing support member. 7. The spray apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an adapter plate, wherein the adapter plate engages the perimeter of the manway port and the stabilizing member. 8. The spray apparatus of claim 8 further comprising a first actuator assembly comprising a first link and a second link. 9. The spray apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first actuator assembly comprises an actuator. 10. A spray apparatus comprising:
a feed conduit comprising a first portion and a second portion, the second portion comprising a first U-shaped portion, the first U-shaped portion comprising a first U-shaped member and a second U-shaped member, and a feed mounting plate, wherein the feed mounting plate is configured to mount to a manway port of a sludge storage tank. 11. (canceled) 12. (canceled) 13. The spray apparatus of claim 10 further comprising a viewing device configured to allow for the operator to view the interior of the sludge storage tank from the exterior of the sludge storage tank. 14. (canceled) 15. A spray apparatus comprising:
a feed conduit, a feed mounting plate, and an apparatus support, wherein the apparatus support is engaged to the exterior surface of the feed conduit and the apparatus support is engaged to the feed mounting plate, wherein the feed mounting plate is configured to mount to a manway port of a sludge storage tank. 16. The spray apparatus of claim 15 wherein the feed conduit comprises a spray nozzle and wherein the spray nozzle is positioned within the horizontal axial center of the feed conduit. 17. The spray apparatus of claim 15 further comprising a multi-purpose pipe, wherein the multi-purpose pipe passes through the feed mounting plate and wherein the multi-purpose pipe is configured to engage a vapor detector or a sludge evacuation system. 18. The spray apparatus of claim 15 further comprising an installation support configured to rest upon the interior surface of a manway port. 19. A storage tank cleaning system comprising the spray apparatus of claim 1. 20. The system of claim 19 further comprising the spray apparatus of claim 10. 21. The system of claim 20 further comprising the spray apparatus of claim 15. 22. The spray apparatus of claim 10, wherein the second portion is configured to rotate in relation to the first portion. 23. The spray apparatus of claim 22 further comprising a first actuator assembly configured to rotate the second portion about a longitudinal axial center of the first portion. 24. The spray apparatus of claim 10, wherein the first U-shaped portion is rotationally connected to the first portion. 25. The spray apparatus of claim 10, wherein the first U-shaped member extends away from the longitudinal axial center of the feed conduit and the second U-shaped member extends towards the longitudinal axial center of the feed conduit. 26. The spray apparatus of claim 25 wherein the feed conduit comprises a spray nozzle and wherein the spray nozzle is positioned within the longitudinal axial center of the feed conduit. 27. The spray apparatus of claim 10 wherein the first portion further comprises a second U-shaped portion, wherein the second U-shaped portion comprises a third U-shaped member and a fourth U-shaped member. 28. The spray apparatus of claim 27 wherein the second portion is configured to rotate in relation to the first portion. 29. The spray apparatus of claim 27 wherein the first U-shaped portion is rotationally connected to the second U-shaped portion. 30. The spray apparatus of claim 27, wherein the third U-shaped member extends away from the longitudinal axial center of the feed conduit and the fourth U-shaped member extends towards the longitudinal axial center of the feed conduit. 31. The spray apparatus of claim 27 further comprising a first actuator assembly configured to rotate the second portion about a longitudinal axial center of the feed conduit. | A spray apparatus having a feed conduit, and a stabilizing member having a stabilizing mounting plate and a stabilizing conduit, wherein the stabilizing conduit receives the feed conduit, wherein the feed conduit is configured to rotationally engage the stabilizing conduit, and wherein the spray apparatus is configured to mount to a manway port of a storage tank.1. A spray apparatus comprising:
a feed conduit, and a stabilizing member comprising a stabilizing mounting plate and a stabilizing conduit, wherein the stabilizing conduit receives the feed conduit, wherein the feed conduit is configured to rotationally engage the stabilizing conduit, and wherein the stabilizing mounting plate is configured to mount to a manway port of a sludge storage tank. 2. The spray apparatus of claim 1 wherein the feed conduit comprises an exterior stop protruding beyond the exterior surface of the feed conduit, wherein the exterior stop is positioned on a portion of the feed conduit extending into the exterior of the sludge storage tank. 3. The spray apparatus of claim 1 wherein the feed conduit comprises an interior stop protruding beyond the exterior surface of the feed conduit, wherein the interior stop is positioned on a portion of the feed conduit extending into the interior of the sludge storage tank. 4. The spray apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a feed extension. 5. The spray apparatus of claim 1 wherein the feed conduit comprises a spray nozzle. 6. The spray apparatus of claim 1 wherein the stabilizing member comprises a stabilizing support member. 7. The spray apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an adapter plate, wherein the adapter plate engages the perimeter of the manway port and the stabilizing member. 8. The spray apparatus of claim 8 further comprising a first actuator assembly comprising a first link and a second link. 9. The spray apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first actuator assembly comprises an actuator. 10. A spray apparatus comprising:
a feed conduit comprising a first portion and a second portion, the second portion comprising a first U-shaped portion, the first U-shaped portion comprising a first U-shaped member and a second U-shaped member, and a feed mounting plate, wherein the feed mounting plate is configured to mount to a manway port of a sludge storage tank. 11. (canceled) 12. (canceled) 13. The spray apparatus of claim 10 further comprising a viewing device configured to allow for the operator to view the interior of the sludge storage tank from the exterior of the sludge storage tank. 14. (canceled) 15. A spray apparatus comprising:
a feed conduit, a feed mounting plate, and an apparatus support, wherein the apparatus support is engaged to the exterior surface of the feed conduit and the apparatus support is engaged to the feed mounting plate, wherein the feed mounting plate is configured to mount to a manway port of a sludge storage tank. 16. The spray apparatus of claim 15 wherein the feed conduit comprises a spray nozzle and wherein the spray nozzle is positioned within the horizontal axial center of the feed conduit. 17. The spray apparatus of claim 15 further comprising a multi-purpose pipe, wherein the multi-purpose pipe passes through the feed mounting plate and wherein the multi-purpose pipe is configured to engage a vapor detector or a sludge evacuation system. 18. The spray apparatus of claim 15 further comprising an installation support configured to rest upon the interior surface of a manway port. 19. A storage tank cleaning system comprising the spray apparatus of claim 1. 20. The system of claim 19 further comprising the spray apparatus of claim 10. 21. The system of claim 20 further comprising the spray apparatus of claim 15. 22. The spray apparatus of claim 10, wherein the second portion is configured to rotate in relation to the first portion. 23. The spray apparatus of claim 22 further comprising a first actuator assembly configured to rotate the second portion about a longitudinal axial center of the first portion. 24. The spray apparatus of claim 10, wherein the first U-shaped portion is rotationally connected to the first portion. 25. The spray apparatus of claim 10, wherein the first U-shaped member extends away from the longitudinal axial center of the feed conduit and the second U-shaped member extends towards the longitudinal axial center of the feed conduit. 26. The spray apparatus of claim 25 wherein the feed conduit comprises a spray nozzle and wherein the spray nozzle is positioned within the longitudinal axial center of the feed conduit. 27. The spray apparatus of claim 10 wherein the first portion further comprises a second U-shaped portion, wherein the second U-shaped portion comprises a third U-shaped member and a fourth U-shaped member. 28. The spray apparatus of claim 27 wherein the second portion is configured to rotate in relation to the first portion. 29. The spray apparatus of claim 27 wherein the first U-shaped portion is rotationally connected to the second U-shaped portion. 30. The spray apparatus of claim 27, wherein the third U-shaped member extends away from the longitudinal axial center of the feed conduit and the fourth U-shaped member extends towards the longitudinal axial center of the feed conduit. 31. The spray apparatus of claim 27 further comprising a first actuator assembly configured to rotate the second portion about a longitudinal axial center of the feed conduit. | 2,400 |
346,996 | 16,805,441 | 2,443 | Systems and methods for implementing an artificial intelligence-powered smart gallery are provided. The smart gallery can be a software application that includes an ensemble of visual content-related features for end users. These features can include, but are not limited to, a set of user interactions to be performed on visual media or other content items, recommendations on and for a user's content items, analytical evaluations of a user's content items, as well as intelligent selection and optimization functions to enhance the performance of at least one of the user's content items. The presently disclosed systems can be integrated directly with an image management service or photo gallery that is part of a mobile operating system or other non-mobile software applications residing on a computing device. | 1. A system for analyzing visual content items, the system comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory, wherein the one or more processors include programmed instructions to:
access, from a mobile computing device, a plurality of visual content items captured by the mobile computing device;
evaluate the plurality of visual content items to determine a respective similarity score between the plurality of visual content items and each of a plurality of identity categories, wherein evaluating the plurality of visual content items comprises applying at least one machine learning model to the plurality of visual content items for each of the plurality of identity categories;
determine a subset of the identity categories for which the respective similarity scores exceed a similarity threshold;
generate information corresponding to a first graphical user interface (GUI), the first GUI comprising a visual representation of each identity category of the subset of identity categories and a user-selectable interface element for each identity category of the subset of identity categories; and
provide the information corresponding to the first GUI to the mobile computing device to cause the mobile computing device to render the first GUI via an electronic display of the mobile device. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors further include programmed instructions to:
receive a first user input corresponding to a selection of at least one identity category of the subset of identity categories; identify a target audience for a user of the mobile computing device; determine activity data for a plurality of published content items retrieved from at least one content source, the published content items selected based on the at least one identity category, wherein the activity data comprises data relating to engagement of viewers with the plurality of published content items; train a second machine learning model to determine a predicted performance score based on the published content items and the activity data; evaluate each visual content item of the plurality of visual content items using the second machine learning model to generate a respective predicted performance score for each visual content item of the plurality of visual content items; generate information corresponding to a second GUI, the second GUI comprising a visual representation of at least a subset of the plurality of visual content items and the respective predicted performance scores for the subset of the plurality of visual content items; and provide the information corresponding to the second GUI to the mobile computing device to cause the mobile computing device to render the second GUI via the electronic display of the mobile device. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors further include programmed instructions to:
provide information corresponding to a third GUI to the mobile computing device, the third GUI comprising a list of a plurality of candidate audiences; receive, from the mobile computing device, a second user input corresponding to a selection of a first candidate audience of the plurality of candidate audiences; and identify the target audience based on the second user input. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors further include programmed instructions to:
access a first account on the target platform corresponding to the user of the mobile computing device; identify a plurality of second accounts on the target platform, each second account linked with the first account; and identify the target audience based on the plurality of second accounts. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors further include programmed instructions to:
detect that a new visual content item has been captured by the mobile computing device, the new visual content item not included in the plurality of visual content items; and automatically evaluate the new visual content item using the second machine learning model based on the published content items and the activity data to generate a respective predicted performance score for the new visual content item, responsive to detecting that the new visual content item has been capture by the mobile computing device. 6. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors further include programmed instructions to:
generate the information corresponding to the second GUI such that the second GUI comprises the visual representations of the subset of the visual content items arranged in a rectangular array, wherein the respective predicted performance scores overlap at least a portion of the visual representations of their respective visual content items within the second GUI. 7. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors further include programmed instructions to:
access a new visual content item from a content source remote from the mobile computing device; evaluate the new visual content item using the second machine learning model based on the published content items and the activity data to generate a respective predicted performance score for the new visual content item; determine that the predicted performance score for the new visual content item exceeds a predetermined predicted performance threshold; and provide the new visual content item to the mobile computing device. 8. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors further include programmed instructions to:
receive, from the mobile computing device, a second user input specifying a time period; determine a timestamp of each visual content item of the plurality of visual content items; and identify the subset of the plurality of visual content items for the second GUI such that the respective timestamp of each visual content item of the subset of visual content items falls within the time period. 9. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors further include programmed instructions to:
identify a target content item characteristic; for each visual content item of the plurality of visual content items, evaluate the visual content item to determine whether the visual content item includes the target content item characteristic; and identify the subset of the plurality of visual content items for the second GUI such that each visual content item of the subset of visual content items includes the target content item characteristic. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors further include programmed instructions to:
receive, from the mobile computing device, a second user input corresponding to a search criteria text string; and parse the search criteria text string to identify the target content item characteristic. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors further include programmed instructions to:
receive, from the mobile computing device, a second user input corresponding to an audio signal; and parse the audio signal to identify the target content item characteristic. 12. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors further include programmed instructions to:
identify a target content platform; and select the at least one content source from which the published content items are retrieved to correspond to the target content platform. 13. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors further include programmed instructions to:
train the second machine learning model based in part on the target audience. 14. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors further include programmed instructions to:
train the second machine learning model using one or more features extracted from image data corresponding to at least one of the published content items. 15. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors further include programmed instructions to:
evaluate the plurality of visual content items to determine the respective similarity score between the plurality of visual content items and each of the plurality of identity categories based on at least one of a percentage of the plurality of visual content items that correspond to each identity category or a quality rating of at least one of the plurality of visual content items that corresponds to each identity category. 16. A method for analyzing visual content items, the method comprising:
accessing, from a mobile computing device, a plurality of visual content items captured by the mobile computing device; evaluating the plurality of visual content items to determine a respective similarity score between the plurality of visual content items and each of a plurality of identity categories, wherein evaluating the plurality of visual content items comprises applying at least one machine learning model to the plurality of visual content items for each of the plurality of identity categories; determining a subset of the identity categories for which the respective similarity scores exceed a similarity threshold; generating information corresponding to a first graphical user interface (GUI), the first GUI comprising a visual representation of each identity category of the subset of identity categories and a user-selectable interface element for each identity category of the subset of identity categories; and providing the information corresponding to the first GUI to the mobile computing device to cause the mobile computing device to render the first GUI via an electronic display of the mobile device. 17. the method of claim 16, further comprising:
receiving a first user input corresponding to a selection of at least one identity category of the subset of identity categories; identifying a target audience for a user of the mobile computing device; determining activity data for a plurality of published content items retrieved from at least one content source, the published content items selected based on the at least one identity category, wherein the activity data comprises data relating to engagement of viewers with the plurality of published content items; training a second machine learning model to determine a predicted performance score based on the published content items and the activity data; evaluating each visual content item of the plurality of visual content items using the second machine learning model to generate a respective predicted performance score for each visual content item of the plurality of visual content items; generating information corresponding to a second GUI, the second GUI comprising a visual representation of at least a subset of the plurality of visual content items and the respective predicted performance scores for the subset of the plurality of visual content items; and providing the information corresponding to the second GUI to the mobile computing device to cause the mobile computing device to render the second GUI via the electronic display of the mobile device. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
providing information corresponding to a third GUI to the mobile computing device, the third GUI comprising a list of a plurality of candidate audiences; receiving, from the mobile computing device, a second user input corresponding to a selection of a first candidate audience of the plurality of candidate audiences; and identifying the target audience based on the second user input. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
accessing a first account on the target platform corresponding to the user of the mobile computing device; identifying a plurality of second accounts on the target platform, each second account linked with the first account; and identifying the target audience based on the plurality of second accounts. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
detecting that a new visual content item has been captured by the mobile computing device, the new visual content item not included in the plurality of visual content items; and evaluating the new visual content item using the second machine learning model based on the published content items and the activity data to generate a respective predicted performance score for the new visual content item, responsive to detecting that the new visual content item has been capture by the mobile computing device. 21. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
generating the information corresponding to the second GUI such that the second GUI comprises the visual representations of the subset of the visual content items arranged in a rectangular array, wherein the respective predicted performance scores overlap at least a portion of the visual representations of their respective visual content items within the second GUI. 22. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
accessing a new visual content item from a content source remote from the mobile computing device; evaluating the new visual content item using the second machine learning model based on the published content items and the activity data to generate a respective predicted performance score for the new visual content item; determining that the predicted performance score for the new visual content item exceeds a predetermined predicted performance threshold; and providing the new visual content item to the mobile computing device. 23. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
receiving, from the mobile computing device, a second user input specifying a time period; determining a timestamp of each visual content item of the plurality of visual content items; and identifying the subset of the plurality of visual content items for the second GUI such that the respective timestamp of each visual content item of the subset of visual content items falls within the time period. 24. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
identifying a target content item characteristic; for each visual content item of the plurality of visual content items, evaluating the visual content item to determine whether the visual content item includes the target content item characteristic; and identifying the subset of the plurality of visual content items for the second GUI such that each visual content item of the subset of visual content items includes the target content item characteristic. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
receiving, from the mobile computing device, a second user input corresponding to a search criteria text string; and parsing the search criteria text string to identify the target content item characteristic. 26. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
receiving, from the mobile computing device, a second user input corresponding to an audio signal; and parsing the audio signal to identify the target content item characteristic. 27. The system of claim 17, further comprising:
identifying a target content platform; and 28. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
training the second machine learning model based in part on the target audience. 29. The method of claim 17, further comprising train the second machine learning model using one or more features extracted from image data corresponding to at least one of the published content items. 30. The method of claim 17, further comprising evaluating the plurality of visual content items to determine the respective similarity score between the plurality of visual content items and each of the plurality of identity categories based on at least one of a percentage of the plurality of visual content items that correspond to each identity category or a quality rating of at least one of the plurality of visual content items that corresponds to each identity category. | Systems and methods for implementing an artificial intelligence-powered smart gallery are provided. The smart gallery can be a software application that includes an ensemble of visual content-related features for end users. These features can include, but are not limited to, a set of user interactions to be performed on visual media or other content items, recommendations on and for a user's content items, analytical evaluations of a user's content items, as well as intelligent selection and optimization functions to enhance the performance of at least one of the user's content items. The presently disclosed systems can be integrated directly with an image management service or photo gallery that is part of a mobile operating system or other non-mobile software applications residing on a computing device.1. A system for analyzing visual content items, the system comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory, wherein the one or more processors include programmed instructions to:
access, from a mobile computing device, a plurality of visual content items captured by the mobile computing device;
evaluate the plurality of visual content items to determine a respective similarity score between the plurality of visual content items and each of a plurality of identity categories, wherein evaluating the plurality of visual content items comprises applying at least one machine learning model to the plurality of visual content items for each of the plurality of identity categories;
determine a subset of the identity categories for which the respective similarity scores exceed a similarity threshold;
generate information corresponding to a first graphical user interface (GUI), the first GUI comprising a visual representation of each identity category of the subset of identity categories and a user-selectable interface element for each identity category of the subset of identity categories; and
provide the information corresponding to the first GUI to the mobile computing device to cause the mobile computing device to render the first GUI via an electronic display of the mobile device. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors further include programmed instructions to:
receive a first user input corresponding to a selection of at least one identity category of the subset of identity categories; identify a target audience for a user of the mobile computing device; determine activity data for a plurality of published content items retrieved from at least one content source, the published content items selected based on the at least one identity category, wherein the activity data comprises data relating to engagement of viewers with the plurality of published content items; train a second machine learning model to determine a predicted performance score based on the published content items and the activity data; evaluate each visual content item of the plurality of visual content items using the second machine learning model to generate a respective predicted performance score for each visual content item of the plurality of visual content items; generate information corresponding to a second GUI, the second GUI comprising a visual representation of at least a subset of the plurality of visual content items and the respective predicted performance scores for the subset of the plurality of visual content items; and provide the information corresponding to the second GUI to the mobile computing device to cause the mobile computing device to render the second GUI via the electronic display of the mobile device. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors further include programmed instructions to:
provide information corresponding to a third GUI to the mobile computing device, the third GUI comprising a list of a plurality of candidate audiences; receive, from the mobile computing device, a second user input corresponding to a selection of a first candidate audience of the plurality of candidate audiences; and identify the target audience based on the second user input. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors further include programmed instructions to:
access a first account on the target platform corresponding to the user of the mobile computing device; identify a plurality of second accounts on the target platform, each second account linked with the first account; and identify the target audience based on the plurality of second accounts. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors further include programmed instructions to:
detect that a new visual content item has been captured by the mobile computing device, the new visual content item not included in the plurality of visual content items; and automatically evaluate the new visual content item using the second machine learning model based on the published content items and the activity data to generate a respective predicted performance score for the new visual content item, responsive to detecting that the new visual content item has been capture by the mobile computing device. 6. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors further include programmed instructions to:
generate the information corresponding to the second GUI such that the second GUI comprises the visual representations of the subset of the visual content items arranged in a rectangular array, wherein the respective predicted performance scores overlap at least a portion of the visual representations of their respective visual content items within the second GUI. 7. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors further include programmed instructions to:
access a new visual content item from a content source remote from the mobile computing device; evaluate the new visual content item using the second machine learning model based on the published content items and the activity data to generate a respective predicted performance score for the new visual content item; determine that the predicted performance score for the new visual content item exceeds a predetermined predicted performance threshold; and provide the new visual content item to the mobile computing device. 8. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors further include programmed instructions to:
receive, from the mobile computing device, a second user input specifying a time period; determine a timestamp of each visual content item of the plurality of visual content items; and identify the subset of the plurality of visual content items for the second GUI such that the respective timestamp of each visual content item of the subset of visual content items falls within the time period. 9. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors further include programmed instructions to:
identify a target content item characteristic; for each visual content item of the plurality of visual content items, evaluate the visual content item to determine whether the visual content item includes the target content item characteristic; and identify the subset of the plurality of visual content items for the second GUI such that each visual content item of the subset of visual content items includes the target content item characteristic. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors further include programmed instructions to:
receive, from the mobile computing device, a second user input corresponding to a search criteria text string; and parse the search criteria text string to identify the target content item characteristic. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors further include programmed instructions to:
receive, from the mobile computing device, a second user input corresponding to an audio signal; and parse the audio signal to identify the target content item characteristic. 12. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors further include programmed instructions to:
identify a target content platform; and select the at least one content source from which the published content items are retrieved to correspond to the target content platform. 13. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors further include programmed instructions to:
train the second machine learning model based in part on the target audience. 14. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors further include programmed instructions to:
train the second machine learning model using one or more features extracted from image data corresponding to at least one of the published content items. 15. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors further include programmed instructions to:
evaluate the plurality of visual content items to determine the respective similarity score between the plurality of visual content items and each of the plurality of identity categories based on at least one of a percentage of the plurality of visual content items that correspond to each identity category or a quality rating of at least one of the plurality of visual content items that corresponds to each identity category. 16. A method for analyzing visual content items, the method comprising:
accessing, from a mobile computing device, a plurality of visual content items captured by the mobile computing device; evaluating the plurality of visual content items to determine a respective similarity score between the plurality of visual content items and each of a plurality of identity categories, wherein evaluating the plurality of visual content items comprises applying at least one machine learning model to the plurality of visual content items for each of the plurality of identity categories; determining a subset of the identity categories for which the respective similarity scores exceed a similarity threshold; generating information corresponding to a first graphical user interface (GUI), the first GUI comprising a visual representation of each identity category of the subset of identity categories and a user-selectable interface element for each identity category of the subset of identity categories; and providing the information corresponding to the first GUI to the mobile computing device to cause the mobile computing device to render the first GUI via an electronic display of the mobile device. 17. the method of claim 16, further comprising:
receiving a first user input corresponding to a selection of at least one identity category of the subset of identity categories; identifying a target audience for a user of the mobile computing device; determining activity data for a plurality of published content items retrieved from at least one content source, the published content items selected based on the at least one identity category, wherein the activity data comprises data relating to engagement of viewers with the plurality of published content items; training a second machine learning model to determine a predicted performance score based on the published content items and the activity data; evaluating each visual content item of the plurality of visual content items using the second machine learning model to generate a respective predicted performance score for each visual content item of the plurality of visual content items; generating information corresponding to a second GUI, the second GUI comprising a visual representation of at least a subset of the plurality of visual content items and the respective predicted performance scores for the subset of the plurality of visual content items; and providing the information corresponding to the second GUI to the mobile computing device to cause the mobile computing device to render the second GUI via the electronic display of the mobile device. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
providing information corresponding to a third GUI to the mobile computing device, the third GUI comprising a list of a plurality of candidate audiences; receiving, from the mobile computing device, a second user input corresponding to a selection of a first candidate audience of the plurality of candidate audiences; and identifying the target audience based on the second user input. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
accessing a first account on the target platform corresponding to the user of the mobile computing device; identifying a plurality of second accounts on the target platform, each second account linked with the first account; and identifying the target audience based on the plurality of second accounts. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
detecting that a new visual content item has been captured by the mobile computing device, the new visual content item not included in the plurality of visual content items; and evaluating the new visual content item using the second machine learning model based on the published content items and the activity data to generate a respective predicted performance score for the new visual content item, responsive to detecting that the new visual content item has been capture by the mobile computing device. 21. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
generating the information corresponding to the second GUI such that the second GUI comprises the visual representations of the subset of the visual content items arranged in a rectangular array, wherein the respective predicted performance scores overlap at least a portion of the visual representations of their respective visual content items within the second GUI. 22. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
accessing a new visual content item from a content source remote from the mobile computing device; evaluating the new visual content item using the second machine learning model based on the published content items and the activity data to generate a respective predicted performance score for the new visual content item; determining that the predicted performance score for the new visual content item exceeds a predetermined predicted performance threshold; and providing the new visual content item to the mobile computing device. 23. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
receiving, from the mobile computing device, a second user input specifying a time period; determining a timestamp of each visual content item of the plurality of visual content items; and identifying the subset of the plurality of visual content items for the second GUI such that the respective timestamp of each visual content item of the subset of visual content items falls within the time period. 24. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
identifying a target content item characteristic; for each visual content item of the plurality of visual content items, evaluating the visual content item to determine whether the visual content item includes the target content item characteristic; and identifying the subset of the plurality of visual content items for the second GUI such that each visual content item of the subset of visual content items includes the target content item characteristic. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
receiving, from the mobile computing device, a second user input corresponding to a search criteria text string; and parsing the search criteria text string to identify the target content item characteristic. 26. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
receiving, from the mobile computing device, a second user input corresponding to an audio signal; and parsing the audio signal to identify the target content item characteristic. 27. The system of claim 17, further comprising:
identifying a target content platform; and 28. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
training the second machine learning model based in part on the target audience. 29. The method of claim 17, further comprising train the second machine learning model using one or more features extracted from image data corresponding to at least one of the published content items. 30. The method of claim 17, further comprising evaluating the plurality of visual content items to determine the respective similarity score between the plurality of visual content items and each of the plurality of identity categories based on at least one of a percentage of the plurality of visual content items that correspond to each identity category or a quality rating of at least one of the plurality of visual content items that corresponds to each identity category. | 2,400 |
346,997 | 16,805,443 | 2,443 | A beam failure caused by an event initiated by the UE such as folding of the UE or shutting down of a UE antenna penal may be predictable. Accordingly, the UE may declare a beam failure detection (BFD) without going through a potentially long detection procedure. Disclosed herein are apparatus and methods for detecting beam failure and terminating BFD earlier than the current DFD process would have. The method may include identifying a beam failure (BF) event at the UE that impacts at least one beam pair link (BPL) and communicating a request to an associated base station to stop communicating on an impacted beam pair link, without going through an entire BFD process. | 1. A method of wireless communication at a first wireless communication device, comprising:
identifying a beam failure (BF) event at the first wireless communication device that impacts at least one beam pair link (BPL); and communicating a request to a second wireless communication device to stop communicating on the at least one BPL, without going through a beam failure detection (BFD) process. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a confirmation from the second wireless communication device in response to the request. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the request indicates a time for the first wireless communication device to stop monitoring the BPL and/or a time when the first wireless communication device does not expect any further transmission scheduled on the BPL. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising
ceasing monitoring the at least one BPL in response to the confirmation from the second wireless communication device. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein identifying the BF event comprises
determining an identifier (ID) of an antenna panel associated with the at least one impacted BPL. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
ceasing monitoring a second BPL associated with the ID of the antenna panel. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the BF event comprises detecting a relative position change of first wireless communication device's components using a sensor of the first wireless communication device. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the request comprises
an identifier for the beam failure event, an identifier of the at least one BPL, an identifier of the antenna panel, an indication of a time, a predicted time period for which that the impacted BPL remains available, an indication of which of a transmission function and a receiving function of the impacted BPL is impacted by the BF event, a recommended BPL in place of the impacted BPL, or a combination thereof. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the time comprises a predicted BF time or a time beyond which the first wireless communication device will cease using the BPL for receiving or transmitting a signal. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the request is carried on a different carrier on a same or different frequency band and/or in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a schedule request sent to the second wireless communication device. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the identifier of the at least one BPL is associated with a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state, an antenna panel ID, an ID of an SRS resource, a RS resource, and/or an assigned target RS resource or wherein the identifier of the BPL is associated with a configuration of a RS. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the configuration of the RS indicates spatial relationship information linking the RS resource with an RS resource or an antenna panel ID. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the BFD process comprises at least a minimum number of beam failure occurrences, a timer between two beam failures, and a delay of signaling message exchange between the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device, and/or wherein the BFD process comprises at least measuring at least one of a reference signal received power (RSRP)/signal to noise ratio (SNR)/signal to interference noise ratio (SINK) of a BFD reference signal (RS) received from the second wireless communication device. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising
communicating the request only after a timer expires since a previous request has been sent to the second wireless communication device; and/or refraining from using the impacted BPL before a second timer has expired; wherein one of the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device comprise one of a user equipment, a base station, and a backhaul network node. 15. A method of wireless communication at a first wireless communication device, comprising:
receiving a request from a second wireless communication device, the request reporting a beam failure (BF) event that impacts at least one beam pair link (BPL) without going through a BF detection (BFD) process; and refraining from communicating with and scheduling the at least one BPL and/or ceasing monitoring the at least one BPL in response to the request. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising
communicating a confirmation to the second wireless communication device in response to the request. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein ceasing monitoring the at least one BPL comprises ceasing monitoring all of BPLs associated with an identifier (ID) of an antenna panel associated with the BPL. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the request comprises
an identifier for the beam failure event, an identifier of the at least one BPL, an identifier of an associated antenna panel, an indication of a time, a predicted time period for which that the BPL remains available, an indication of whether a transmission function, a receiving function, or both on the impacted BPL is impacted by the BF event, a recommended BPL in place of the impacted BPL, or a combination thereof. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the time comprises a predicted BF time or a time beyond which the second wireless communication device will cease using the BPL for receiving or transmitting a signal. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein refraining from communicating with and scheduling and/or ceasing monitoring comprises refraining from communicating with and scheduling the at least one BPL and/or ceasing monitoring the at least one BPL based on the indication of the time. 21. The method of claim 15, wherein the request is carried on a different carrier on a same or different frequency band and/or in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a schedule request sent to the first wireless communication device. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein the identifier of the at least one BPL is associated with a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state, an ID of an SRS resource, a RS resource, and/or an assigned target RS resource or wherein the identifier of the BPL is associated with a configuration of a RS. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the configuration of the RS comprises spatial relationship information linking the RS resource with a RS resource. 24. The method of claim 15, wherein the BFD process comprises at least a minimum number of beam failure occurrences, a timer between two beam failures, and a delay of signaling message exchange between the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device, and/or wherein the BFD process comprises at least measuring at least one of a reference signal received power (RSRP)/signal to noise ratio (SNR)/signal to interference noise ratio (SINR) of a BFD reference signal (RS) received from the first wireless communication device. 25. The method of claim 15, further comprising scheduling transmission or reception on the impacted BPL based on the indication of whether a transmission function, a receiving function, or both on the impacted BPL is impacted by the BF event, wherein one of the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device comprise one of a user equipment, a base station, and a backhaul network node. 26. An apparatus for wireless communications implemented at a first wireless communication device, comprising
a transceiver; a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to: identify a beam failure (BF) event at the first wireless communication device that impacts at least one beam pair link (BPL); and communicate a request to a second wireless communication device to stop communicating on the at least one BPL, without going through a beam failure detection (BFD) process. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
receive a confirmation from the second wireless communication device in response to the request; cease monitoring the at least one BPL in response to the confirmation from the second wireless communication device; or a combination thereof. 28. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the request indicates a time for the first wireless communication device to stop monitoring the BPL and/or a time when the first wireless communication device does not expect any further transmission scheduled on the BPL. 29. An apparatus for wireless communications implemented at a first wireless communication device, comprising
a transceiver; a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to: receive a request from a second wireless communication device, the request reporting a beam failure (BF) event that impacts at least one beam pair link (BPL) without going through a BF detection (BFD) process; and refrain from communicating with and scheduling the at least one BPL and/or ceasing monitoring the at least one BPL in response to the request. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the request comprises one or more of:
an identifier for the beam failure event; an identifier of the at least one BPL; an identifier of an associated antenna panel; an indication of a time; a predicted time period for which that the BPL remains available; an indication of whether a transmission function, a receiving function, or both on the impacted BPL is impacted by the BF event; and a recommended BPL in place of the impacted BPL. | A beam failure caused by an event initiated by the UE such as folding of the UE or shutting down of a UE antenna penal may be predictable. Accordingly, the UE may declare a beam failure detection (BFD) without going through a potentially long detection procedure. Disclosed herein are apparatus and methods for detecting beam failure and terminating BFD earlier than the current DFD process would have. The method may include identifying a beam failure (BF) event at the UE that impacts at least one beam pair link (BPL) and communicating a request to an associated base station to stop communicating on an impacted beam pair link, without going through an entire BFD process.1. A method of wireless communication at a first wireless communication device, comprising:
identifying a beam failure (BF) event at the first wireless communication device that impacts at least one beam pair link (BPL); and communicating a request to a second wireless communication device to stop communicating on the at least one BPL, without going through a beam failure detection (BFD) process. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a confirmation from the second wireless communication device in response to the request. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the request indicates a time for the first wireless communication device to stop monitoring the BPL and/or a time when the first wireless communication device does not expect any further transmission scheduled on the BPL. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising
ceasing monitoring the at least one BPL in response to the confirmation from the second wireless communication device. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein identifying the BF event comprises
determining an identifier (ID) of an antenna panel associated with the at least one impacted BPL. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
ceasing monitoring a second BPL associated with the ID of the antenna panel. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the BF event comprises detecting a relative position change of first wireless communication device's components using a sensor of the first wireless communication device. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the request comprises
an identifier for the beam failure event, an identifier of the at least one BPL, an identifier of the antenna panel, an indication of a time, a predicted time period for which that the impacted BPL remains available, an indication of which of a transmission function and a receiving function of the impacted BPL is impacted by the BF event, a recommended BPL in place of the impacted BPL, or a combination thereof. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the time comprises a predicted BF time or a time beyond which the first wireless communication device will cease using the BPL for receiving or transmitting a signal. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the request is carried on a different carrier on a same or different frequency band and/or in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a schedule request sent to the second wireless communication device. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the identifier of the at least one BPL is associated with a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state, an antenna panel ID, an ID of an SRS resource, a RS resource, and/or an assigned target RS resource or wherein the identifier of the BPL is associated with a configuration of a RS. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the configuration of the RS indicates spatial relationship information linking the RS resource with an RS resource or an antenna panel ID. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the BFD process comprises at least a minimum number of beam failure occurrences, a timer between two beam failures, and a delay of signaling message exchange between the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device, and/or wherein the BFD process comprises at least measuring at least one of a reference signal received power (RSRP)/signal to noise ratio (SNR)/signal to interference noise ratio (SINK) of a BFD reference signal (RS) received from the second wireless communication device. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising
communicating the request only after a timer expires since a previous request has been sent to the second wireless communication device; and/or refraining from using the impacted BPL before a second timer has expired; wherein one of the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device comprise one of a user equipment, a base station, and a backhaul network node. 15. A method of wireless communication at a first wireless communication device, comprising:
receiving a request from a second wireless communication device, the request reporting a beam failure (BF) event that impacts at least one beam pair link (BPL) without going through a BF detection (BFD) process; and refraining from communicating with and scheduling the at least one BPL and/or ceasing monitoring the at least one BPL in response to the request. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising
communicating a confirmation to the second wireless communication device in response to the request. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein ceasing monitoring the at least one BPL comprises ceasing monitoring all of BPLs associated with an identifier (ID) of an antenna panel associated with the BPL. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the request comprises
an identifier for the beam failure event, an identifier of the at least one BPL, an identifier of an associated antenna panel, an indication of a time, a predicted time period for which that the BPL remains available, an indication of whether a transmission function, a receiving function, or both on the impacted BPL is impacted by the BF event, a recommended BPL in place of the impacted BPL, or a combination thereof. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the time comprises a predicted BF time or a time beyond which the second wireless communication device will cease using the BPL for receiving or transmitting a signal. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein refraining from communicating with and scheduling and/or ceasing monitoring comprises refraining from communicating with and scheduling the at least one BPL and/or ceasing monitoring the at least one BPL based on the indication of the time. 21. The method of claim 15, wherein the request is carried on a different carrier on a same or different frequency band and/or in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a schedule request sent to the first wireless communication device. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein the identifier of the at least one BPL is associated with a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state, an ID of an SRS resource, a RS resource, and/or an assigned target RS resource or wherein the identifier of the BPL is associated with a configuration of a RS. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the configuration of the RS comprises spatial relationship information linking the RS resource with a RS resource. 24. The method of claim 15, wherein the BFD process comprises at least a minimum number of beam failure occurrences, a timer between two beam failures, and a delay of signaling message exchange between the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device, and/or wherein the BFD process comprises at least measuring at least one of a reference signal received power (RSRP)/signal to noise ratio (SNR)/signal to interference noise ratio (SINR) of a BFD reference signal (RS) received from the first wireless communication device. 25. The method of claim 15, further comprising scheduling transmission or reception on the impacted BPL based on the indication of whether a transmission function, a receiving function, or both on the impacted BPL is impacted by the BF event, wherein one of the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device comprise one of a user equipment, a base station, and a backhaul network node. 26. An apparatus for wireless communications implemented at a first wireless communication device, comprising
a transceiver; a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to: identify a beam failure (BF) event at the first wireless communication device that impacts at least one beam pair link (BPL); and communicate a request to a second wireless communication device to stop communicating on the at least one BPL, without going through a beam failure detection (BFD) process. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
receive a confirmation from the second wireless communication device in response to the request; cease monitoring the at least one BPL in response to the confirmation from the second wireless communication device; or a combination thereof. 28. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the request indicates a time for the first wireless communication device to stop monitoring the BPL and/or a time when the first wireless communication device does not expect any further transmission scheduled on the BPL. 29. An apparatus for wireless communications implemented at a first wireless communication device, comprising
a transceiver; a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to: receive a request from a second wireless communication device, the request reporting a beam failure (BF) event that impacts at least one beam pair link (BPL) without going through a BF detection (BFD) process; and refrain from communicating with and scheduling the at least one BPL and/or ceasing monitoring the at least one BPL in response to the request. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the request comprises one or more of:
an identifier for the beam failure event; an identifier of the at least one BPL; an identifier of an associated antenna panel; an indication of a time; a predicted time period for which that the BPL remains available; an indication of whether a transmission function, a receiving function, or both on the impacted BPL is impacted by the BF event; and a recommended BPL in place of the impacted BPL. | 2,400 |
346,998 | 16,805,506 | 3,637 | Embodiments for a removable tray and articulating support arm system are provided. The system includes a removable tray, one or more magnets, and an articulating support arm which includes a base end and a mounting end. Generally speaking, these components are structured such that the one or more magnets are attached to a tray mounting end of the articulating support arm and the removable tray is magnetically fastened to the mounting end of the articulating support arm in a flat, planar configuration that allows a user to place various objects such as art tools or surgical tools. The articulating support arm also has a base end that is used to fasten the system to a flat surface such as a table top. | 1. A removable tray and articulating support arm system, the system comprising:
a removable tray; and an articulating support arm; wherein the removable tray comprises metal; wherein the articulating support arm comprises one or more connecting joints; wherein the articulating support arm comprises one or more arm segments wherein the articulating support arm comprises a base end and a tray mounting end; wherein the base end comprises a fastening mechanism; wherein the tray mounting end comprises a mounting platform; wherein the tray mounting end comprises one or more magnets; wherein the one or more magnets are fastened to the mounting platform; wherein the one or more connecting joints are vertically aligned and articulate about a vertical axis. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the removable tray comprises ferrous metal. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the removable tray comprises plastic. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the removable tray comprises silicon. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the fastening mechanism comprises a clamp. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the fastening mechanism comprises a vice. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the mounting platform comprises a planar object. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the planar object comprises a flat disk. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the mount platform comprises one or more extended flanges. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the one or more extended flanges comprise an “X” shape configuration. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more magnets comprise magnetic disks. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or magnets comprise magnetic strips. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the removable tray comprises magnets fastened to the bottom of the removable tray. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein the fastening mechanism comprises at least one screw and a screw plate. | Embodiments for a removable tray and articulating support arm system are provided. The system includes a removable tray, one or more magnets, and an articulating support arm which includes a base end and a mounting end. Generally speaking, these components are structured such that the one or more magnets are attached to a tray mounting end of the articulating support arm and the removable tray is magnetically fastened to the mounting end of the articulating support arm in a flat, planar configuration that allows a user to place various objects such as art tools or surgical tools. The articulating support arm also has a base end that is used to fasten the system to a flat surface such as a table top.1. A removable tray and articulating support arm system, the system comprising:
a removable tray; and an articulating support arm; wherein the removable tray comprises metal; wherein the articulating support arm comprises one or more connecting joints; wherein the articulating support arm comprises one or more arm segments wherein the articulating support arm comprises a base end and a tray mounting end; wherein the base end comprises a fastening mechanism; wherein the tray mounting end comprises a mounting platform; wherein the tray mounting end comprises one or more magnets; wherein the one or more magnets are fastened to the mounting platform; wherein the one or more connecting joints are vertically aligned and articulate about a vertical axis. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the removable tray comprises ferrous metal. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the removable tray comprises plastic. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the removable tray comprises silicon. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the fastening mechanism comprises a clamp. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the fastening mechanism comprises a vice. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the mounting platform comprises a planar object. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the planar object comprises a flat disk. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the mount platform comprises one or more extended flanges. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the one or more extended flanges comprise an “X” shape configuration. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more magnets comprise magnetic disks. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or magnets comprise magnetic strips. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the removable tray comprises magnets fastened to the bottom of the removable tray. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein the fastening mechanism comprises at least one screw and a screw plate. | 3,600 |
346,999 | 16,805,461 | 3,637 | A system and method for automatically (without human intervention) identifying a material in an image that comprises a building material for buildings in the image. Building side polygons which may be used to identify building sides in off-nadir imagery are generated. Off-nadir, multispectral images, building footprint data and elevation data for a geographic area are taken as input. Building heights for buildings in the geographic area are determined by clipping the elevation data using the building footprint data and then calculating building heights. A candidate set of polygons representing visible side faces of each building in the images is created from the known building heights, and based on the viewpoint direction, using vector analysis. After culling occluded polygons and polygons too small for analysis, the polygons are associated with a building footprint. Building materials for each building having visible polygons can then be identified. | 1. An automated method for identifying a material in an image, comprising:
accessing multispectral spacecraft images for a geographic area, each image having a viewpoint direction; accessing building footprint data and elevation data for the geographic area; clipping the elevation data using the building footprint data to determine building heights; determining polygons representing visible side faces of each building in the images based on the viewpoint direction using vector analysis; attaching ones of the polygons to a building footprint of a building in the geographic area; and identifying materials in the polygons associated with each building. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein accessing building footprint data and structural elevation data comprises retrieving building footprint data from a shape file and retrieving elevation data in a raster from a digital surface model. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein clipping the elevation data comprises:
clipping the raster using the building footprint data to extract an interior area of each building to determine an interior elevation of each building;
clipping the raster using the building footprint data to extract an exterior border of the building to determine a ground elevation; and
calculating a building height of each building in the building footprint data as a maximum interior elevation of each building minus the ground elevation of each building. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the clipping the elevation data is performed for each building before determining polygons representing visible side faces of each building. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein determining polygons representing visible side faces of each building comprises:
computing unit normal vectors for each side of each building; and
calculating visible side polygons of each building based on the viewpoint direction using vector analysis. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein the vector analysis comprises computing a dot product of a vector defining the viewpoint direction and each unit normal vector, and wherein a non-zero dot product indicates a visible face. 7. The method of claim 1 further including winnowing all visible faces by determining an order of polygons along the view direction and clipping those polygons more distant in the view direction based on a centroid computed for each building. 8. The method of claim 1 further including eliminating sliver polygons by removing those polygons smaller than a dimensional threshold and having a view angle above a threshold. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the identifying comprises using a Spectral Angle Mapper and nominal spectrums for various types of building materials. 10. A computer implemented method of identifying a material in an image, comprising:
accessing multispectral spacecraft images, each image having a viewpoint direction, for a geographic area; accessing a shape file having building footprint data for the geographic area; accessing a digital surface model having a raster of structural elevation data for the geographic area; clipping the structural elevation data using the building footprint data to determine building heights at building borders for each building in the geographic area; determining polygons representing visible side faces of each building in the images based on the viewpoint direction using vector analysis; for each visible side faces in the geographic area, associating ones of the polygons to a building footprint of a building in the geographic area; and identifying materials in the polygons associated with each building 11. The method of claim 10 wherein clipping the structural elevation data comprises:
clipping the raster using the building footprint data to determine an interior elevation of each building;
clipping the raster using the building footprint data to determine a ground elevation at a building border; and
calculating a building height of each building in the building footprint data as the maximum of the interior elevation of said each building minus the ground elevation of said each building. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein determining polygons representing visible side faces of each building comprises:
computing unit normal vectors for each side of each building; and
calculating visible side polygons of each building based on the viewpoint direction using vector analysis. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the vector analysis comprises computing a dot product of a vector defining the viewpoint direction and each unit normal vector such that each non-zero dot product represents a potentially visible polygon. 14. The method of claim 12 further including winnowing all visible faces by determining an order of polygons along the view direction and clipping those polygons more distant in the view direction based on a centroid computed for each building prior to said identifying. 15. The method of claim 14 further including eliminating sliver polygons by removing those polygons smaller than a dimensional threshold and having a view angle above a threshold prior to said identifying. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the identifying comprises using a Spectral Angle Mapper and nominal spectrums for various types of building materials. 17. A non-transitory processor readable storage device having processor readable code embodied on the processor readable storage device, the processor readable code programming one or more processors to perform a method comprising:
accessing multispectral spacecraft images of a geographic area, each image having a viewpoint direction; accessing building footprint data comprising one or more building footprints for buildings in the geographic area from a shape file; accessing a raster of structural elevation data for the geographic area from a digital surface model; for each building in the geographic area, clipping the structural elevation data using the building footprint data to determine building heights; after clipping the structural elevation data for each building, determining polygons representing visible side faces of each building in the images based on the viewpoint direction using vector analysis; for each visible side faces in the geographic area, associating ones of the polygons to a building footprint of a building in the geographic area; and identifying materials in the polygons associated with each building 18. The non-transitory processor readable storage device of claim 17 wherein clipping the structural elevation data comprises:
clipping the raster using the building footprint data to determine an interior elevation of each building;
clipping the raster using the building footprint data to determine a ground elevation at a building border; and
calculating a building height of each building in the building footprint data as the maximum of the interior elevation of said each building minus the ground elevation of said each building. 19. The non-transitory processor readable storage device of claim 18 wherein determining polygons representing visible side faces of each building comprises:
computing unit normal vectors for each side of each building; and
calculating visible side polygons of each building based on the viewpoint direction by computing a dot product of a vector defining the viewpoint direction and each unit normal vector. 20. The non-transitory processor readable storage device of claim 19 further including:
determining an order of polygons along the view direction and clipping those polygons more distant in the view direction based on a centroid computed for each building; and
eliminating sliver polygons by removing those polygons smaller than a dimensional threshold and having a view angle above a threshold prior to identifying. | A system and method for automatically (without human intervention) identifying a material in an image that comprises a building material for buildings in the image. Building side polygons which may be used to identify building sides in off-nadir imagery are generated. Off-nadir, multispectral images, building footprint data and elevation data for a geographic area are taken as input. Building heights for buildings in the geographic area are determined by clipping the elevation data using the building footprint data and then calculating building heights. A candidate set of polygons representing visible side faces of each building in the images is created from the known building heights, and based on the viewpoint direction, using vector analysis. After culling occluded polygons and polygons too small for analysis, the polygons are associated with a building footprint. Building materials for each building having visible polygons can then be identified.1. An automated method for identifying a material in an image, comprising:
accessing multispectral spacecraft images for a geographic area, each image having a viewpoint direction; accessing building footprint data and elevation data for the geographic area; clipping the elevation data using the building footprint data to determine building heights; determining polygons representing visible side faces of each building in the images based on the viewpoint direction using vector analysis; attaching ones of the polygons to a building footprint of a building in the geographic area; and identifying materials in the polygons associated with each building. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein accessing building footprint data and structural elevation data comprises retrieving building footprint data from a shape file and retrieving elevation data in a raster from a digital surface model. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein clipping the elevation data comprises:
clipping the raster using the building footprint data to extract an interior area of each building to determine an interior elevation of each building;
clipping the raster using the building footprint data to extract an exterior border of the building to determine a ground elevation; and
calculating a building height of each building in the building footprint data as a maximum interior elevation of each building minus the ground elevation of each building. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the clipping the elevation data is performed for each building before determining polygons representing visible side faces of each building. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein determining polygons representing visible side faces of each building comprises:
computing unit normal vectors for each side of each building; and
calculating visible side polygons of each building based on the viewpoint direction using vector analysis. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein the vector analysis comprises computing a dot product of a vector defining the viewpoint direction and each unit normal vector, and wherein a non-zero dot product indicates a visible face. 7. The method of claim 1 further including winnowing all visible faces by determining an order of polygons along the view direction and clipping those polygons more distant in the view direction based on a centroid computed for each building. 8. The method of claim 1 further including eliminating sliver polygons by removing those polygons smaller than a dimensional threshold and having a view angle above a threshold. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the identifying comprises using a Spectral Angle Mapper and nominal spectrums for various types of building materials. 10. A computer implemented method of identifying a material in an image, comprising:
accessing multispectral spacecraft images, each image having a viewpoint direction, for a geographic area; accessing a shape file having building footprint data for the geographic area; accessing a digital surface model having a raster of structural elevation data for the geographic area; clipping the structural elevation data using the building footprint data to determine building heights at building borders for each building in the geographic area; determining polygons representing visible side faces of each building in the images based on the viewpoint direction using vector analysis; for each visible side faces in the geographic area, associating ones of the polygons to a building footprint of a building in the geographic area; and identifying materials in the polygons associated with each building 11. The method of claim 10 wherein clipping the structural elevation data comprises:
clipping the raster using the building footprint data to determine an interior elevation of each building;
clipping the raster using the building footprint data to determine a ground elevation at a building border; and
calculating a building height of each building in the building footprint data as the maximum of the interior elevation of said each building minus the ground elevation of said each building. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein determining polygons representing visible side faces of each building comprises:
computing unit normal vectors for each side of each building; and
calculating visible side polygons of each building based on the viewpoint direction using vector analysis. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the vector analysis comprises computing a dot product of a vector defining the viewpoint direction and each unit normal vector such that each non-zero dot product represents a potentially visible polygon. 14. The method of claim 12 further including winnowing all visible faces by determining an order of polygons along the view direction and clipping those polygons more distant in the view direction based on a centroid computed for each building prior to said identifying. 15. The method of claim 14 further including eliminating sliver polygons by removing those polygons smaller than a dimensional threshold and having a view angle above a threshold prior to said identifying. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the identifying comprises using a Spectral Angle Mapper and nominal spectrums for various types of building materials. 17. A non-transitory processor readable storage device having processor readable code embodied on the processor readable storage device, the processor readable code programming one or more processors to perform a method comprising:
accessing multispectral spacecraft images of a geographic area, each image having a viewpoint direction; accessing building footprint data comprising one or more building footprints for buildings in the geographic area from a shape file; accessing a raster of structural elevation data for the geographic area from a digital surface model; for each building in the geographic area, clipping the structural elevation data using the building footprint data to determine building heights; after clipping the structural elevation data for each building, determining polygons representing visible side faces of each building in the images based on the viewpoint direction using vector analysis; for each visible side faces in the geographic area, associating ones of the polygons to a building footprint of a building in the geographic area; and identifying materials in the polygons associated with each building 18. The non-transitory processor readable storage device of claim 17 wherein clipping the structural elevation data comprises:
clipping the raster using the building footprint data to determine an interior elevation of each building;
clipping the raster using the building footprint data to determine a ground elevation at a building border; and
calculating a building height of each building in the building footprint data as the maximum of the interior elevation of said each building minus the ground elevation of said each building. 19. The non-transitory processor readable storage device of claim 18 wherein determining polygons representing visible side faces of each building comprises:
computing unit normal vectors for each side of each building; and
calculating visible side polygons of each building based on the viewpoint direction by computing a dot product of a vector defining the viewpoint direction and each unit normal vector. 20. The non-transitory processor readable storage device of claim 19 further including:
determining an order of polygons along the view direction and clipping those polygons more distant in the view direction based on a centroid computed for each building; and
eliminating sliver polygons by removing those polygons smaller than a dimensional threshold and having a view angle above a threshold prior to identifying. | 3,600 |
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